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Tontisirin, Nij, i Sutee Anantsuksomsri. "Economic Development Policies and Land Use Changes in Thailand: From the Eastern Seaboard to the Eastern Economic Corridor". Sustainability 13, nr 11 (30.05.2021): 6153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116153.
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The Thai government’s project called “Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC)” was announced in 2016 to stimulate economic development and help the country escape from the middle-income trap. The project provides investment incentives for the private sector and the infrastructure development of land, rail, water, and air transportation. The EEC project encompasses three provinces in the eastern region of Thailand because of their strategic locations near deep seaports and natural resources in the Gulf of Thailand. Clearly, this policy will lead to dramatic changes in land uses and the livelihoods of the people in these three provinces. However, the extent to which land use changes will occur because of this project remains unclear. This study aims to analyze land use changes in the eastern region of Thailand using a Cellular Automata–Markov model. The results show that land uses of the coastal areas have become more urbanized than inland areas, which are primarily agricultural lands. The predicted land uses suggest shrinking agricultural lands of paddy fields, field crops, and horticulture lands but expanding perennial lands. These changes in land uses highlight challenges in urban administration and management as well as threats to Thailand’s agricultural cultures in the future.
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B. Norman, Jonathan, i Marcelle McManus. "The techno-economic viability of bio-synthetic natural gas production utilising willow grown on contaminated land". AIMS Energy 7, nr 3 (2019): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2019.3.285.
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Csipkés, Margit. "Analysis of Economic Efficiency of Energy Wood Plantations". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 34 (2.09.2009): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/34/2821.
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After the EU-accession we should have a definite idea about what kind of production structure and land use should Hungary obtain to meet the conditions undertaken in the different governmental decisions. In the course of Hungarian land use, significant changes have taken place in the last eighty years. Further changes are influenced by the fact that according to various decisions, legislative provisions and ideas in a short time the energy orchards’ domiciliation could start in large. For this, financial support can be required from EU-sources. As for the woody energy plants, subsidies can be required for the domiciliation and as for herbaceous plants grants can be required for growing. As far as the latter is concerned, the subsidy will be around 26-27 thousand Ft/hectares according to the plans. However, the cultivation method does not have to be changed toswitch from plow-land to energy plants. The question is if the produced commodity will be received by power plants and if it ensures appropriate income for the farmer. In my research I wanted to find from the given woody energy plants which are those that are the most profitable.
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Rahman, Sabory Najib, Danish Mir Sayed Shah, Senjyu Tomonobo i Ahmadzai Mirwais. "Afghanistan factor in regional energy security and trade: Existing and projected challenges and opportunities". AIMS Energy 11, nr 2 (2023): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023012.
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<abstract> <p>Asia, where future world economic development is predicted and most of the energy resources are buried, has not been able to utilize its energy resources efficiently and remained at the core of political tensions, conflicts, terrorism and wars for decades. Major producers and consumers of fossil energy are located in this continent, and the potential of a vast energy market is inevitable. There are several challenges and opportunities associated with the energy trade in the region. On the one hand, the rivalries and competition over energy resources and territorial ownership and control between the USA, China and Russia have been the sources of most political and security issues in the region. However, on the other hand, the fast economic growth and availability of energy resources open up numerous trade and connectivity opportunities for the region. Afghanistan is a strategic state that serves as a geographic land-based hub for South Asia, Central Asia, China and the Middle East. It is no longer considered a land-locked country, but a strategic and key land link for the whole region. Afghanistan is the most economical and inimitable terrestrial corridor for the regional energy trade and transit upon which all stakeholders agree. Stability in Afghanistan will significantly change the importance of this region and open up doors for the realization of various mega projects, businesses and cultural exchange opportunities. Energy, as a strategic commodity for all of the regional countries, especially India and China as major consumers at present and in the future, will be a mega trade and connectivity opportunity.</p> </abstract>
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Dželetović, Željko, Gordana Andrejić, Aleksandar Simić, Hakan Geren, Uroš Aleksić i Snežana Brajević. "Potential risks and problems in the cultivation of perennial energy crops". Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 26, nr 2 (2022): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea26-37778.
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Second-generation biofuel production systems are significantly better than first-generation systems. However, the size of areas in which the energy crops are grown depends on public support, and it decreases if public support is missing. Despite all the environmental and economic benefits, perennial energy crops do not currently play a significant role. It is believed that available land areas will be a basic limiting factor for cultivating biofuel crops in the EU. On the other hand, there is significant untapped potential for bioenergy production in abandoned and marginal land in Southeast Europe. At the same time, perennial energy crops are investments with certain risks. Economically viable production of dedicated energy crops will be difficult to achieve on most lands classified into V-VIII land capability classes. In terms of the risk of farming investments, maize has an advantage over all perennial energy crop systems. We have identified 10 types of risks for successful production of energy crops: (1) Crop water supply; (2) Weed infestation in crops; (3) Risks of frost damages; (4) Crop lodging; (5) Crop diseases and pests; (6) Short harvest periods and variable yields; (7) Economic viability of cultivation on land areas of lower land capability class; (8) Influences of agricultural practices and agro-ecological conditions on biomass quality; (9) Storage of harvested biomass and fire hazard; and (10) economic sanctions, war, and war surroundings. Although the cultivation of perennial energy crops has a perspective, it must be systematically planned and further improved.
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Magda, Róbert. "Economic questions of land usage – scarcity, sustainability". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, nr 3-4 (30.11.2012): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/3-4/6.
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The aim of this paper is to show the economic importance of land usage. This topic is important because land is the basis of industrial and agricultural production, as well as energy and environmental security. The focus of the analysis is the relationship between land usage and scarcity and sustainability.
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Zinkovsky, Sergey B. "Topical issues of regulation of land and property relations in the implementation of production and economic activities of companies in the fuel and energy complex: review of panel discussion". RUDN Journal of Law 27, nr 1 (26.03.2023): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-1-240-247.
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The article suggests an overview of the round table organized on June 22, 2022 by Gazprom Energo LLC jointly by the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia with the support of the State University of Land with active participation of Rosreestr and the Federal Tax Service of Russia on topical issues of regulation of land and property relations in implementing production and economic activities of companies in the fuel and energy complex. In this regard, the organizers proposed to discuss the prospects for legislative support of land management and cadastral activities, topical issues of establishing restrictions and encumbrances of land within the framework of production and economic activities of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, practical aspects of involving ownerless objects in the economic turnover power grid complex and heat supply facilities, the possibilities of optimizing land payments and real estate taxation.
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Fan, Weiguo, Wei Yao i Kehan Chen. "Integrating Energy Systems Language and Emergy Approach to Simulate and Analyze the Energy Flow Process of Land Transfer". Land 12, nr 5 (15.05.2023): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051070.
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As an effective policy to revitalize rural land assets, land transfer is important to promote reforming rural land systems in poor areas. In this study, we integrated the energy systems language and emergy approach, quantified the energy flow process under the land transfer model, simulated the resource storage and energy flow state in the land transfer process, and finally compared and discussed the economic and ecological benefits of land transfer under different scenarios. The results show the following: (1) Economic benefits were significantly improved after the land transfer, and labor storage and infrastructure value were reduced. (2) Government investment enhanced the infrastructure value, and private investment led to a rapid reduction in labor storage. (3) Expanding apple orchards positively affected labor storage and infrastructure value and negatively influenced soil organic carbon storage and rural asset storage. (4) Land transfer behavior reduced the proportion of provisioning and supporting services and increased the proportion of regulating and cultural services. Overall, the research results are helpful for clarifying the complex mechanisms of the various components in the land transfer system and provide a scientific basis for the prediction and evaluation of land transfer in similar areas.
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Wijaya, I. Ketut Kasta Arya, I. Wayan Rideng i Ni Luh Made Purnamawati. "The Legal Position of Customary Management (Prajuru Adat) in the Lease Agreement Leases the Utilization of Laba Pura Land in Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, nr 12 (2022): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61203.
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This paper examines and analyzes related to the use of land that has occurred a transfer of functions that previously emphasized the magical and social religious nature has led to economic aspects. The development of globalization today brings very fundamental changes in the economic world, including in the field of land. Lands in Bali that emphasize magical religious properties have shifted towards the economic and pragmatic. The economic aspect is prioritized in improving the welfare of the community by utilizing customary lands in Bali. For indigenous peoples, land has a very important function because without land humans cannot live and land is also a place where indigenous peoples live and land also provides livelihoods for it because land has a very important function. Prajuru adat (customary management) legal position in the lease agreement leases the use of customary land from Laba Pura in Tumbak Bayuh Village, Mengwi, Badung, Bali. This research uses empirical legal research, using primary data and secondary data. Primary data by conducting interviews and field studies, in addition to using research results and relevant books in assessing this problem. The results of the study found that the legal position of prajuru adat as a legal subject in carrying out legal acts in the form of lease agreements for laba pura land can be said to be valid and based because customary management can represent as a legal subject of the object of the laba pura land
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Semenda, Dmytro, i Olga Semenda. "Assessment of ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural lands preservation". Environmental Economics 9, nr 1 (16.04.2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.09(1).2018.04.
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The article substantiates the necessity to define and generalize the criteria for assessing the ecological and economic efficiency of using agricultural lands. Due to the transition of the agro-industrial complex to private forms of management, the problems of forming a strategy of rational, ecologically safe and sustainable development of land use in Ukrainian agriculture became of paramount importance. Therefore, systematic studies on the assessment of the ecological and economic efficiency of the agricultural land use need to be conducted. Harmonization of ecological and economic interests is of particular importance in the context of ensuring the conservation, resource-saving and reproductive nature of the agricultural land exploitation.A scientific study found that in Ukraine, the agrarian sector of the economy provides about 47% of GDP, but the question arises: At what price are these achievements given to us? Agricultural land development exceeds environmentally sound standards. Excessive cultivation of the territory leads to an annual increase of eroded lands by 80-90 thousand hectares. Land use is recognized as environmentally unstable, and there is a steady tendency to deteriorate the quality of soil. Each second hectare of cultivated land is erosion-hazardous, that is, these soils are subject to water and wind erosion. In this regard, it is recommended to introduce the world-wide experience of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), which provides an opportunity to provide food security to the country and to limit the negative impact of the environment, based on the introduction of organic production.It is proved that regardless of the size of farms and forms of management using resource-saving no-till technologies, enterprises received low cost of grown products, providing profitable activities. Ecological compatibility of the technology provides energy savings of at least 30% in comparison with traditional farming systems, the accumulation of not less than 30-40% of plant residues on the soil surface after harvesting of the predecessor, provides protection of the soil from wind and water erosion by minimizing the amount and depth of technological operations.It is confirmed that the most widespread evaluation of the agricultural lands use is the evaluation of the results of their use through volumes of gross and commodity products, income, and production profitability. The criteria for the environmental effectiveness of agricultural land use should be: the degree of functional use of land resources, ecological stability, the level of anthropogenic loading, the degree of erosional feature of land, etc.According to the study results, it was established that one of the main areas of agriculture is the application of minimal tillage in crop rotation, i.e. resource-saving no-till technology.The economic feasibility of technologies based on the use of different soil tillage systems has been confirmed.
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Morozan, V. V. "NOBILITY LAND OWNERSHIP AND LAND USE IN THE TSARSKOYE SELO DISTRICT OF THE ST. PETERSBURG PROVINCE IN THE LATE 18th - THE EARLY 20th CENTURY". Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 4, nr 2 (2022): 18–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2022-4-2-18-43.
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The article deals with the evolution of nobility land ownership in the Tsarskoye Selo district from the late 18th to the early 20th century. The author pays special attention to the land use and economic activities of the landlords of the district. On the example of some noble estates, the author examines both the methods of land exploitation by the nobles and the ways of selling individual plots of land on the land market. He argues that the ways of farming were basically typical of most of the estates in this district, and the ways of selling land were also similar. Although the author has refrained from evaluating the reasons why the nobles sold their lands, it seems quite likely that the main reason was their inability to efficiently manage the economy. The economic data provided in the article prove that the agriculture of the St. Petersburg province in the late 18th – the early 20th century experienced major changes associated with a change in the composition of landowners. It is obvious that the process of ousting the nobles from this sector of the economy had assumed an irreversible character.
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Hemmati, Abolfazl, Ahmad Tabatabaeefar i Ali Rajabipour. "Comparison of energy flow and economic performance between flat land and sloping land olive orchards". Energy 61 (listopad 2013): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.006.
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Hosny, Ossama A., Elkhayam M. Dorra, Khaled A. Tarabieh, Ahmed El Eslamboly, Ibrahim Abotaleb, Mariam Amer, Heba Kh Gad i in. "Economic Land Utilization Optimization Model". Sustainability 15, nr 3 (1.02.2023): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032594.
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Recently, population growth and resource depletion have been matched by a growing demand for self-sustaining communities. Numerous studies promote sustainable solutions to the concerns of climate change and food scarcity. This study aims at creating an automated Economic Land Utilization Optimization Model (ELUOM) that identifies sustainable and cost-effective agricultural practices. Soil, water & climatic characteristics of over 400 crops are gathered in a relational database to build the model. Evolutionary algorithms are utilized to filter the database based on user input. Optimization process is then performed on all possible utilization plans of the filtered crops to maximize the 20-year return while minimizing water consumption. The model is verified on a case study in Giza, Egypt where it shows the potential of increasing the return/m3 of water by 370% versus current practices. This research also studies the application of ELOUM on a vacant plot in the American university in Cairo, Egypt.
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Mironova, Anastasiya V., Igor’ V. Liskin i Irina I. Afonina. "Economic feasibility of restoration of degraded and neglected lands". Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, nr 3 (20.08.2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-3-79-90.
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Neglect of soils leads to their degradation, worsens useful properties, and reduces fertility and productivity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting a comparative analysis of technologies for treating degraded soils, taking into account the economic feasibility of their restoration in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Materials and methods) The article shows the main technological scheme of restoration of degraded soils. Authors have identified the main groups of land that are located in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Results and discussion) The article presents the need for equipment, economic and labor costs for the restoration of each type of land in the non-black-soil regions of Russia. Authors took into account that the salary of machine operators depends on the time of direct execution of the task. It was found that the restoration of virgin and fallow lands was the most preferable from the economic, energy-saving and environmental points of view. The article shows that the restoration of pasture areas exceeds the cost of processing virgin lands, but the number of necessary machine and tractor units is comparable to work on virgin lands. Authors recommend to develop the soils with woody and shrubby vegetation in the first place, starting with land occupied by young plants. It is necessary to take into account the criteria for the fertility of the soil layer. It was found that soils with a small excess of moisture have small cost of its development, while on heavily swampy soils the cost of work on their development is many times higher than the cost of restoring other types of land. (Conclusion) The article shows that the restoration of neglected land is a necessary condition for improving the provision of human needs for food and a number of industrial goods. First of all, it is necessary to develop land that requires minimal investment of economic and labor costs.
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Wang, Wenxiu, Yaoqiu Kuang, Ningsheng Huang i Daiqing Zhao. "Empirical Research on Decoupling Relationship between Energy-Related Carbon Emission and Economic Growth in Guangdong Province Based on Extended Kaya Identity". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/782750.
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The decoupling elasticity decomposition quantitative model of energy-related carbon emission in Guangdong is established based on the extended Kaya identity and Tapio decoupling model for the first time, to explore the decoupling relationship and its internal mechanism between energy-related carbon emission and economic growth in Guangdong. Main results are as follows. (1) Total production energy-related carbon emissions in Guangdong increase from4128×104 tC in 1995 to14396×104 tC in 2011. Decoupling elasticity values of energy-related carbon emission and economic growth increase from 0.53 in 1996 to 0.85 in 2011, and its decoupling state turns from weak decoupling in 1996–2004 to expansive coupling in 2005–2011. (2) Land economic output and energy intensity are the first inhibiting factor and the first promoting factor to energy-related carbon emission decoupling from economic growth, respectively. The development speeds of land urbanization and population urbanization, especially land urbanization, play decisive roles in the change of total decoupling elasticity values. (3) Guangdong can realize decoupling of energy-related carbon emission from economic growth effectively by adjusting the energy mix and industrial structure, coordinating the development speed of land urbanization and population urbanization effectively, and strengthening the construction of carbon sink.
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Wen, Zhong, i Zhong Changbiao. "Study on sustainable utilization of cultivated land eco-economic system in Yunnan province based on energy value analysis". E3S Web of Conferences 79 (2019): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197903012.
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The research on sustainable utilization of cultivated land eco-economic system has important practical significance for understanding cultivated land status and promoting sustainable utilization of cultivated land. Based on energy value theory and analysis method, this paper establishes the evaluation Index system of cultivated land eco-economic system in Yunnan Province, and chooses 5 main indexes, such as net energy output rate, environmental bearing ratio, system production dominance, system stability index and sustainable development performance index, etc. The energy input-output structure and sustainable development status of cultivated land eco-economic system were evaluated. The results show that the net energy yield of cultivated land system in Yunnan province is 0.29, lower than the national average, and the competitiveness of agricultural products is not enough; the system production dominance and system stability index are 0.51 and 0.68 respectively, which indicates that the system self-control, adjustment and feedback need to be strengthened, the environmental carrying capacity and sustainable development performance index were 0.66, 4.21, reflecting the province's arable land system in the sub-sustainable state. Therefore, the current agricultural development mode should be adjusted to optimize the input structure, and we should actively introduce external energy value, make full use of external resources, and relieve resource pressure. On the basis of applying agricultural science and technology, strengthening the utilization intensity of renewable auxiliary energy, developing green industry, reducing the environmental pressure on cultivated land system, realizing the sustainable utilization of cultivated land system.
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Yu, Xujing, Liping Shan i Yuzhe Wu. "Land Use Optimization in a Resource-Exhausted City Based on Simulation of the F-E-W Nexus". Land 10, nr 10 (27.09.2021): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101013.
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Limited land resources are used to meet the growing economic, social, and ecological needs of people in China. Food, energy, and water (F-E-W) are the basic resources for supporting human survival and the transformation of different land uses. This paper tries to construct a theoretical framework of land use and the F-E-W nexus and uses system dynamics to simulate the optimal allocation of land use in Shizuishan City, China, by comparing different scenarios that have different parameters related to F-E-W. The final results follow: (1) according to the relationship between land use and the F-E-W nexus, a three-layer nested theoretical framework is constructed. (2) Future land use under different scenarios differs. Under the scenarios of a less dependence on coal energy, a higher utilization efficiency of energy and agricultural water resources, and a lower grain self-sufficiency rate, there are less crop and urban lands but more ecological land. However, generally speaking, crop and rural construction lands tend to decrease, while urban and ecological lands tend to increase. (3) Combined with different objectives, the rapid transformation scenario is considered a better option in which to achieve a balance among the economy, society, and ecology. This paper also discusses the application of land use optimization in the delineation of three control lines in territory-space planning in China.
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Calvin, Katherine, Pralit Patel, Leon Clarke, Ghassem Asrar, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Ryna Yiyun Cui, Alan Di Vittorio i in. "GCAM v5.1: representing the linkages between energy, water, land, climate, and economic systems". Geoscientific Model Development 12, nr 2 (15.02.2019): 677–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-677-2019.
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Abstract. This paper describes GCAM v5.1, an open source model that represents the linkages between energy, water, land, climate, and economic systems. GCAM is a market equilibrium model, is global in scope, and operates from 1990 to 2100 in 5-year time steps. It can be used to examine, for example, how changes in population, income, or technology cost might alter crop production, energy demand, or water withdrawals, or how changes in one region's demand for energy affect energy, water, and land in other regions. This paper describes the model, including its assumptions, inputs, and outputs. We then use 11 scenarios, varying the socioeconomic and climate policy assumptions, to illustrate the results from the model. The resulting scenarios demonstrate a wide range of potential future energy, water, and land uses. We compare the results from GCAM v5.1 to historical data and to future scenario simulations from earlier versions of GCAM and from other models. Finally, we provide information on how to obtain the model.
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Mykhaylov, A. M., i V. V. Makarova. "Features of the Formation of the Evolutionary Trajectory of Agricultural Land Use System". Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, nr 3 (2020): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2020.89.13.
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The article deals with the analysis of scientific developments in the structuring of systems, in particular land use systems. Based on the results of foreign and domestic scientists studied the position of ecological and economic structuring of the agricultural land use system in the trajectories of energy and information transformations that occur during a certain historical time within the specified space. Many factors that have the greatest influence on the organization of order in the system were considered, the list of which includes not only material objects, but also such objects of intangible nature as information, knowledge, limitations, relationships, etc. It is determined that the trajectory of the system means the line of its life history as a direction, phenomenon, sequence of any development of the system in space and time with any changes in the external environment. Further development of the trajectory of the land use system involves the transformation of environmental knowledge into economic (preserved land and natural potential). It is substantiated that the order in the land use system is possible only with the appropriate state support. Modern land use is characterized by undesirable economic and environmental transformations. In the conditions of degradation of the fertile soil layer, reduction of investments, wear and tear of technical equipment and lack of effective environmental policy, land users do not have motivational levers to carry out economic activities within the established environmental standards. The strategy of systemic behavior of the subjects of land relations should change more actively than there are negative changes in the subsystems and individual elements of the integrated system of land use. From the above positions, the structuring of the agricultural land use system should contribute to the processes of preservation and restoration of quality properties of agricultural lands and reproduction of productive potential of lands.
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Lawin, Emmanuel Agnidé, Serge Dimitri Bazyomo i Abdoulaye Ouedraogo. "Solar Photovoltaic Energy and Electricity Security on ECOWAS Countries". Journal of Renewable Energy 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7142350.
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The study presented in this paper analyzes the role that photovoltaic energy can play in enhancing energy self-sufficiency in each of the fifteen Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries. For this purpose, the satellite CM-SAF database, Global Land Cover data and land slope computed from Digital Elevation Model data, was used to compute the area of suitable lands, the potential of energy, and the coefficient of variation of solar irradiation. The results show that 31.76% of the total area of each ECOWAS country has the potential to shelter photovoltaic energy system generators. Except Cape-Verde which lacks data concerning land cover, all the countries of the community dispose of suitable area for photovoltaic systems installation. Using only 1% of these areas at each country scale the amount of the whole community energy production can reach up to 7782.37 TWh·year−1. The result of solar resource repartition shows that the energy could have a low interannual variation. But, in the same year, a significant variation of solar irradiation exits between months.
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Бычков, Vladimir Bychkov, Дубас i Rostislav Dubas. "Economic and technological aspects of use of radionuclide contaminated forest land". Forestry Engineering Journal 3, nr 3 (12.12.2013): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1785.
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The paper proposes a novel approach on the use of certain categories of forest land with the necessary environmental assessment of creation and cultivation of melioration energy plantations of shrubby willows, technological operations of growing common osier energy plantations are described, the substantiation of the environmental effectiveness of the propo-sed activities is given. Feature of the proposed approach is its environmental focus - prevention of further depreciation of organic and mineral and water regulating properties of forest land, preservation of bio-diversity.
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Kozaczko, Mieczysław, i Sławomir Rosolski. "AERODYNAMIC OPTIMISATION OF DEVELOPED LAND SUSTAINABLE TOWER ISLAND". Space&FORM 2021, nr 48 (6.12.2021): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.48.c-05.
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Economic and usable benefits from the proper land development may be programmed as early as at the stage of designing by forming structures that are both economic and comfortable, which is in accordance with assumptions of architechnology. This work presents the method of calculating particular aerodynamic parameters of the urban complex Sustainable Tower Island in KobylnicaLigowiec. The article analyses the wind speed and its pressure on walls of buildings depending on the height above ground level. Knowing these parameters allows optimisation of the location of devices collecting energy from renewable energy sources.
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Souty, F., T. Brunelle, P. Dumas, B. Dorin, P. Ciais, R. Crassous, C. Müller i A. Bondeau. "The Nexus Land-Use model version 1.0, an approach articulating biophysical potentials and economic dynamics to model competition for land-use". Geoscientific Model Development 5, nr 5 (19.10.2012): 1297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1297-2012.
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Abstract. Interactions between food demand, biomass energy and forest preservation are driving both food prices and land-use changes, regionally and globally. This study presents a new model called Nexus Land-Use version 1.0 which describes these interactions through a generic representation of agricultural intensification mechanisms within agricultural lands. The Nexus Land-Use model equations combine biophysics and economics into a single coherent framework to calculate crop yields, food prices, and resulting pasture and cropland areas within 12 regions inter-connected with each other by international trade. The representation of cropland and livestock production systems in each region relies on three components: (i) a biomass production function derived from the crop yield response function to inputs such as industrial fertilisers; (ii) a detailed representation of the livestock production system subdivided into an intensive and an extensive component, and (iii) a spatially explicit distribution of potential (maximal) crop yields prescribed from the Lund-Postdam-Jena global vegetation model for managed Land (LPJmL). The economic principles governing decisions about land-use and intensification are adapted from the Ricardian rent theory, assuming cost minimisation for farmers. In contrast to the other land-use models linking economy and biophysics, crops are aggregated as a representative product in calories and intensification for the representative crop is a non-linear function of chemical inputs. The model equations and parameter values are first described in details. Then, idealised scenarios exploring the impact of forest preservation policies or rising energy price on agricultural intensification are described, and their impacts on pasture and cropland areas are investigated.
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Ke, YIN, i XIAO Yi. "Path selection for low-carbon economic land use pattern in China". Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.078.
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Radojević, Uroš, Miloš Ninković i Jelena Milovanović. "Identification Of Marginal Land Suitable For Biofuel Production In Serbia". Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 12, nr 2 (1.11.2015): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2015-0011.
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Abstract The use of biomass as a potential energy source has both advantages and disadvantages. Biomass is a potential source of fuel energy that provides economic and environmental benefits such as less expensive and less energy intensive production, carbon sequestration and soil preservation. However, the main concern associated with biofuels is that land needed for food will be used for biofuel crops. One potential solution is the use of marginal lands which are not suited for food production. Marginal lands generally refer to the areas not only with low production, but also with limitations that make them unsuitable for agricultural practices and ecosystem functions. This can be due to various forms of land degradation such as pollution, surface exploitation of mineral resources, erosion, overexploitation and others. We used remotely sensed data, environmental data and field survey data to identify possible marginal lands in Serbia. All gathered data was transferred to GIS in order to create maps and database of potential marginal lands which could be used for biomass production.
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Sumardi, Juajir. "Reconstruction of Land Exertion for Investment". Amsir Law Journal 2, nr 2 (10.04.2021): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36746/alj.v2i2.40.
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This study aims to determine the basis of welfare, so the nature of investment in land is placed in the basic values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The type of research used is normative legal research using a statutory approach. The results show that the concept of diversion through the principle of restorative justice for criminal acts against property has actually been practiced by indigenous peoples in Indonesia since ancient times and is still practiced today, but in the Indonesian legal system or the criminal justice system has not been explicitly regulated in statute form. The use, application and regulation are still at the level of discretion in each law enforcement agency in accordance with the internal rules that bind the respective law enforcement agencies. For this reason, to implement the values contained in Pancasila and the mandate of the state constitution, economic law in the investment sector must be directed at encouraging balanced economic growth, prosperity, and equal distribution of opportunities. In this regard, the obligation to have social and environmental responsibility must be implemented in any investment activity that uses the land as a production factor by giving local governments the role of supervising the implementation level.
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Souty, F., T. Brunelle, P. Dumas, B. Dorin, P. Ciais, R. Crassous, C. Müller i A. Bondeau. "The Nexus Land-Use model version 1.0, an approach articulating biophysical potentials and economic dynamics to model competition for land-use". Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 5, nr 1 (21.02.2012): 571–638. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-571-2012.
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Abstract. Interactions between food demand, biomass energy and forest preservation are driving both food prices and land-use changes, regionally and globally. This study presents a new model called Nexus Land-Use version 1.0 which describes these interactions through a generic representation of agricultural intensification mechanisms. The Nexus Land-Use model equations combine biophysics and economics into a single coherent framework to calculate crop yields, food prices, and resulting pasture and cropland areas within 12 regions inter-connected with each other by international trade. The representation of cropland and livestock production systems in each region relies on three components: (i) a biomass production function derived from the crop yield response function to inputs such as industrial fertilisers; (ii) a detailed representation of the livestock production system subdivided into an intensive and an extensive component, and (iii) a spatially explicit distribution of potential (maximal) crop yields prescribed from the Lund-Postdam-Jena global vegetation model for managed Land (LPJmL). The economic principles governing decisions about land-use and intensification are adapted from the Ricardian rent theory, assuming cost minimisation for farmers. The land-use modelling approach described in this paper entails several advantages. Firstly, it makes it possible to explore interactions among different types of biomass demand for food and animal feed, in a consistent approach, including indirect effects on land-use change resulting from international trade. Secondly, yield variations induced by the possible expansion of croplands on less suitable marginal lands are modelled by using regional land area distributions of potential yields, and a calculated boundary between intensive and extensive production. The model equations and parameter values are first described in details. Then, idealised scenarios exploring the impact of forest preservation policies or rising energy price on agricultural intensification are described, and their impacts on pasture and cropland areas are investigated.
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Maimunah, Siti, Syed Ajijur Rahman i Himlal Baral. "Restoring Land and Growing Renewable Energy: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Future Steps". Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, nr 3 (28.06.2021): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.3.334.
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Primary energy demand in Indonesia has rapidly increased, i.e., 43.33% between 2005 and 2016, while domestic energy supply failed to fulfill these needs leading to the reliance on the energy import. Meanwhile, a vast area of degraded land in Indonesia also created an opportunity for biofuel production, fulfilling energy demand, as well as restoring the land with environmental and socio-economic benefits. This paper provides an overview of identified potential and challenges associated with biofuel production from degraded land in Indonesia. Our preliminary findings highlighted that some biofuel species in Indonesia are suitable to grow in degraded land and potentially restore the land that may not be suitable for current agricultural production and/or reforestation. The initial finding also shows that culturally familiar species and stable markets are favorable terms of biofuel-species selection for the landowners. Supportive agricultural-extension services such as knowledge and technology for honey production can provide an added value in this concept, in addition to social (e.g., strengthening social solidarity and employment opportunities) and environmental (e.g., carbon storage, soil moisture, erosion control, and biodiversity) benefits. Meanwhile, to create this overall initiative to be successful, a supportive measure from the policymakers is needed. Further research on the capacity of biofuel species to restore degraded lands in different biophysical profiles. Analysis of biofuel production feedstocks and potential co-benefits viable business models, and the stable market is necessary to maximize benefit from biofuel production and to restore the degraded lands in Indonesia.
Keywords: biofuel production, renewable energy, restoring
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Han, Xiao, Anlu Zhang i Yinying Cai. "Spatio-Econometric Analysis of Urban Land Use Efficiency in China from the Perspective of Natural Resources Input and Undesirable Outputs: A Case Study of 287 Cities in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 19 (6.10.2020): 7297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197297.
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The rapid urbanization in China has had a huge impact on land use and the scarcity of land resources has become a constraint for sustainable urban development. As urban land is an indispensable material basis in economic development, measuring its use efficiency and adopting effective policies to improve urban land use efficiency (ULUE) are important links in maintaining sustainable economic growth. By establishing a comprehensive ULUE evaluation index system that emphasizes on incorporating the natural resources input and the undesirable output, ULUE from 2010 to 2016 was calculated based on super efficiency SBM model, and its potential influencing factors were explored using a spatial econometric model. The results show that: (1) temporally, the overall ULUE in China is upward growing, and the gap among regions is becoming gradually convergent. (2) Spatially, the ULUE of Chinese cities are positively correlated. (3) Economic agglomeration and industrial structure significantly improve ULUE in China, but the intensity of energy consumption has a negative impact on ULUE. We suggest that: (1) differentiated industrial development strategies should be formulated; (2) the economic growth pattern should be changed from energy-consuming to energy-saving; (3) priority should be given to innovation on science and education, so as to increase in clean energy input and cleaner production.
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Tong, Ju Er, Ci Fang Wu, Hui Wang i Qian Li. "Study on Village Scale Land Ecological Suitability Evaluation Based on Green Energy Materials and Applications - A Case Study Based on Gulou Village". Advanced Materials Research 578 (październik 2012): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.41.
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In order to explore the energy land space, protect the environment, optimize the allocation of land resources, land use planning should be established based on land suitability evaluation. This paper aimed to propose the GIS spatial overlay method for the village-scale land suitability assessment and apply on Gulou Village of Taizhou City. Based on the research results, the paper pointed out the bio-energy land expansion area and proposed the coordination of environmental protection, ecological maintenance and economic construction to optimize the land resource planning and environmental protection for Gulou Village.
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Tsybulska, S., N. Hradovych i R. Paraniak. "Scientific and practical aspects of land use optimization in the agrosphere". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, nr 93 (30.09.2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9316.
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The article presents modern literature data on the need to improve the development of agricultural lands, taking into account the current state of agriculture. Paying attention to this issue requires special attention, as it has acquired not only theoretical but also practical significance. Intensification of negative tendencies of anthropogenic influence on edaphotope lead to a number of ecological crises of global character. We analyzed the state of land use of Lviv region and reflected the main problems of land use optimization. The dynamics of changes that took place in the structure of the land fund by types of lands is shown. An extremely important component of sustainable development of society is the quality of life provided by the continuous development of environmental innovations. The destruction of the structure of the edaphotope of the region causes the emergence and development of environmental crises and catastrophes. Preservation of high potential and quality functioning of edaphos requires changes to the constant effective maintenance of balance, which should be based on the principles of sustainable harmonious development and rationalization of land resources. In terms of regions of aridity coefficients according to research, it can be argued that natural and climatic conditions have a direct impact on the efficiency of agricultural production. Such results require a review of technologies, their modernization and the development of recommendations for their adaptation. Resource-saving land use of new territorial entities in the post-reform period includes two factors – economic and environmental. For proper organization and optimization of land holdings, it is advisable to create agro-landscapes with a clearly planned structure, which should take into account the ratio of functional-territorial orientation, economic assessment and environmental safety. This means that the main and main goal of harmonious targeted use should take into account a number of indicators of the land use system, which requires special attention to agroecosystems in the interdependent close development of environmental and economic aspects. No less important is the environmental factor of land use, as further ignoring it can create economic collapse. In this regard, the most important requirement of the time is the development, improvement and widespread implementation of resource- and energy-saving, environmentally friendly farming systems. Ecological tolerance of certain territories of land resources should be laid down in the process of designing land management developments, paying special attention to the properties of landscape ecosystems, taking into account adjacent land plots. In particular, in order to preserve the balance of agricultural landscapes, it is necessary to implement a set of preventive measures.
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Salman, K. A., M. M. Suleymanov i Sh M. Isaeva. "Economic Policy and Sustainable Development of Regions". SHS Web of Conferences 172 (2023): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317202015.
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The proposed economy is green due to the fact that, according to the authors, it is based on resource and energy conservation and energy efficiency, rational use of natural resources, as well as the disposal of man-made and household waste. Thus, with the energy saving potential in Russia of 40%, respectively, less land will be used for the extraction of fossil hydrocarbons, the area of pollution of adjacent areas during transportation will be reduced, and territories will also be freed up due to the processing of industrial waste and solid waste. All of these measures will help conserve the land and its overlying green spaces. As a result of the unprecedented economic growth of recent decades due to the anthropogenic factor - deforestation, the construction of mines, mines and oil wells, the unprecedented growth of cities, the almost uncontrolled burning of fuel, the expansion of areas occupied by industrial and domestic waste, the useful green surface of the planet (forests, farmland, parks, gardens, swamps) has been significantly reduced. That is, there is a growing imbalance of natural and physical capital. And the green color is a kind of indicator of this disharmony (balance) on the planet, which occurs due to human activity. Therefore, the new economic model should be energy efficient, low carbon, innovative, and necessarily green.
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Farja, Yanay, i Mariusz Maciejczak. "Economic Implications of Agricultural Land Conversion to Solar Power Production". Energies 14, nr 19 (23.09.2021): 6063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196063.
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Meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets will require a significant increase in electricity production from sustainable and renewable sources such as solar energy. Farmers have recognized this need as a chance to increase the profitability of their farms by allocating farmland to solar power production. However, the shift from agriculture to power production has many tradeoffs, arising primarily from alternative land uses and other means of production. This paper models the farmers’ decision as a constrained profit maximization problem, subject to the amount of land owned by the farmers, who have to allocate it between agriculture and solar power fields, while considering factors affecting production costs. The farmers’ problem is nested in the social welfare maximization problem, which includes additional factors such as ecological and aesthetical values of the competing land uses. Empirical analysis using data from a solar field operating in Israel shows that landowners will choose to have solar power production on their land unless agricultural production generates an unusually high net income. Adding the values of non-market services provided by agricultural land does not change this result. The consideration of the reduction in GHG emissions further increases the social welfare from solar fields.
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Xiao, Dongyang, Haipeng Niu, Liangxin Fan, Suxia Zhao i Hongxuan Yan. "Farmers’ Satisfaction and its Influencing Factors in the Policy of Economic Compensation for Cultivated Land Protection: A Case Study in Chengdu, China". Sustainability 11, nr 20 (18.10.2019): 5787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205787.
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With the rapid progress of urbanization, the loss of cultivated land has attracted great attention worldwide, and economic compensation is one of the incentives commonly used by the governments to enhance farmers’ enthusiasm in protecting cultivated land. In recent years, although various economic compensation modes have been implemented by the Chinese government, such modes are still experimental and exploratory. Thus, designing and implementing a national economic compensation mode is urgent to effectively protect the quantity and quality of cultivated land. This study focuses on the mode of cultivated land protection fund (CLPF) in Chengdu, which is the earliest mode of the implementation of economic compensation in China in 2008. First, we analyzed the farmers’ satisfaction with the CLPF through a face-to-face interview with 296 farmers in Chengdu. Then, we used the path analysis method to identify the influencing factors of farmers’ satisfaction from the characteristics of farmers and the policy. Results show that the CLPF was generally supported by farmers. Nevertheless, room for improvement still exists. Particularly, farmers’ satisfaction was low in the design of the government’s supervision management of the CLPF. Farmers’ satisfaction with compensation standard, funding use requirement, and the government’s supervision management were remarkably affected by factors, including farmers’ educational level, cultivated land area, total annual agricultural income, farmers’ knowledge of the CLPF, farmers’ recognition of the value of the CLPF, and farmers’ perception of the changes in household economics. Particularly, the direct influence of farmers’ perception of the changes in household economics was the most important. Finally, we proposed the recommendations for constructing a national economic compensation mode for cultivated land protection. Our results have certain guiding significance for promoting the sustainable development of cultivated land protection policies by means of economic incentives in China and other countries.
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Magda, Róbert. "Difficulties in Sustainability and Land Utilisation". Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 2, nr 1 (1.09.2013): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2013-0003.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to show the economic importance of the land sustainability. This topic is very complex because it is relevant universally - the land utilisation has an industrial, agricultural production, energy and environmental security aspect. The focus of the analysis is the relationship between land usage, scarcity and sustainability.
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Cipollina, Maria, Nadia Cuffaro i Giovanna D’Agostino. "Land Inequality and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis". Sustainability 10, nr 12 (6.12.2018): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124655.
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Increasing commercial pressure on land may lead to land concentration in developing countries, especially in the context of complex systems of property rights. In this article we review through meta-analysis (MA) the econometric findings of the literature estimating the nexus between land inequality and economic growth. In particular, our MA controls for various features of the studies and for the so-called “publication bias,” and shows that land-inequality negatively affects economic growth, especially at low development levels. Analysis based on panel data, which generally imply a relatively short run perspective, typically report a lower or positive correlation between land inequality and growth, suggesting that the negative impact of land inequality emerges in the long run, possibly through credit constraints and institutional mechanisms.
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Wicke, Birka, Edward Smeets, Veronika Dornburg, Boris Vashev, Thomas Gaiser, Wim Turkenburg i André Faaij. "The global technical and economic potential of bioenergy from salt-affected soils". Energy & Environmental Science 4, nr 8 (2011): 2669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01029h.
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Kiptach, Fedir Ya. "The ways to improve economic regulation of environmental security in the system of local self-governance in land management". Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, nr 4(150) (2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2021-4-5.
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The paper addresses the substantiation of specific Land Ecology Fund in Ukraine to solve environmental problems in land management. It determines the following sources of the Fund establishment: land fee (land tax and land rent paid by legal persons and individuals), environmental tax, and penalties for pollution and littering of land resources due to violation of environmental legislation. The author proves that the funds of environmental taxes, environmental pollution fees, land fees, and penalties both at the national and local levels can only partially secure modern research and assessment of Ukrainian lands’ environmental condition and development of environmental projects for their management and protection. The paper offers an expansion of the list of penalties and the formula to calculate the amount of damage caused by landowners and land users due to ignoring the parameters of permissible arable land standards and eroded land area increase. The most advanced research data and evaluation of the environmental condition of land resources on their basis, as well as measurement acts or protocols, concluded as the result of research or the data of land plots’ environmental certification should by the foundation for calculation of environmental taxes and penalties. The funds from penalties are recommended to by directed to a specific Land Ecology Fund, and they should by distributed among the public and local funds in the proportion of 25 % and 75 %, respectively. In addition to penalties, a system of economic stimulation with the participation of the Land Ecology Fund, landowners, and land users honestly implementing the measures for land use and protection and soil fertility increase should be developed. The author argues that the main role in the development of local, regional, and national projects for efficient management of land (soil) resources is played by regional and local authorities due to the change in the types of ownership of the land resources and decentralization of the administrative and financial system.
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Roxani, Aikaterini, Athanasios Zisos, Georgia-Konstantina Sakki i Andreas Efstratiadis. "Multidimensional Role of Agrovoltaics in Era of EU Green Deal: Current Status and Analysis of Water–Energy–Food–Land Dependencies". Land 12, nr 5 (14.05.2023): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051069.
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The European Green Deal has set climate and energy targets for 2030 and the goal of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, while supporting energy independence and economic growth. Following these goals, and as expected, the transition to “green” renewable energy is growing and will be intensified, in the near future. One of the main pillars of this transition, particularly for Mediterranean countries, is solar photovoltaic (PV) power. However, this is the least land-efficient energy source, while it is also highly competitive in food production, since solar parks are often developed in former agricultural areas, thus resulting in the systematic reduction in arable lands. Therefore, in the context of PV energy planning, the protection and preservation of arable lands should be considered a key issue. The emerging technology of agrovoltaics offers a balanced solution for both agricultural and renewable energy development. The sustainable “symbiosis” of food and energy under common lands also supports the specific objective of the post-2020 Common Agricultural Policy, regarding the mitigation of and adaptation to the changing climate, as well as the highly uncertain socio-economic and geopolitical environment. The purpose of this study is twofold, i.e., (a) to identify the state of play of the technologies and energy efficiency measures of agrovoltaics, and (b) to present a comprehensive analysis of their interactions with the water–energy–food–land nexus. As a proof of concept, we consider the plain of Arta, which is a typical agricultural area of Greece, where we employ a parametric analysis to assess key features of agrovoltaic development with respect to energy vs. food production, as well as water saving, as result of reduced evapotranspiration.
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PRANOWO, DIBYO, MAMAN HERMAN i SYAFARUDDIN. "Potensi Pengembangan Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw)di Lahan Terdegradasi". Perspektif 14, nr 2 (28.09.2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/p.v14n2.2015.87-101.
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<p>ABSTRAK<br /><br />Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber bahan baku untuk biodiesel. Tingkat produktivitas yang dapat mencapai 8-9 ton minyak kasar atau setara dengan 6-8 ton biodiesel/ha/tahun memiliki nilai strategis terkait dengan program pemerintah dalam mencari alternatif sumber energi baru yang terbarukan. Pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan seperti yang berasal dari minyak nabati kemiri sunan merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam upaya memenuhi defisit energi untuk keperluan domestik sehingga Indonesia dapat keluar dari himpitan krisis energi. Lahan-lahan yang telah terdegradasi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun luasnya semakin bertambah baik karena faktor alam maupun karena eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali. Disisi lain pengembangan tanaman sumber BBN terkendala karena keterbatasan lahan. Kajian yang telah dilakukan secara intensif terhadap karakteristik tanaman, minyak dan biodiesel yang dihasilkannya, serta daya adaptasinya yang sangat luas terhadap beragam agroekosistem yang ada di Indonesia, tanaman kemiri sunan memberikan harapan yang baik disamping sebagai sumber bahan baku biodiesel, juga dapat berfungsi sebagai tanaman konservasi untuk mereklamasi lahan-lahan marginal yang telah terdegradasi. Disamping itu, pengembangan tanaman kemiri sunan di lahan yang telah terdegradasi tidak hanya akan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi lahan tersebut, tetapi juga dapat dijadikan tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, serta mampu menyediakan kebutuhan energi bagi masyarakat sekitar maupun ke wilayah yang lebih luas. <br />Kata kunci: Kemiri sunan, biodiesel, energi baru terbarukan, lahan terdegradasi, lahan bekas tambang.<br /><br />ABSTRACT</p><p>The Multiple Benefits of Developing Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) In Degraded Land<br /><br />Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) is one kind of vegetable oil crops that have great potential as a source of raw material for biodiesel. The productivity level that can reach 8-9 tons of crude oil, equivalent to 6-8 tons of biodiesel/ha/year make as a strategic commodity associated with government programs to find alternative sources of renewable energy. Development of renewable energy such as from vegetable oils of kemiri sunan is one of the alternatives in an effort to solve the deficit of energy for domestic use so that Indonesia can way out of the crush of the energy crisis. Lands that have been degraded in Indonesia continuously increasing both cause of the extent of natural factors and uncontrolled exploitation. On the other hand the development of this plants retricted by aviability of land. The research88 Volume 14 Nomor 2, Des 2015 : 87 - 101 studies have been conducted on the characteristics of plants, oil and biodiesel production, and adaptability in very broadly of Indonesian agro-ecosystem, this plant show well hopes besides as a source of raw material for biodiesel, it can also function as a conservation plant to reclaim marginal lands that have been degraded. In addition, the development of kemiri sunan on degraded land will not only be able to increase the economic value of the land, but also can be used as crops of high economic value, and able to provide for the energy needs of the surrounding communities and to the wider region.<br />Keywords: Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw, biodiesel, renewable energy, degraded land, post mained land.</p>
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Smith, Pete, Daniel Martino, Zucong Cai, Daniel Gwary, Henry Janzen, Pushpam Kumar, Bruce McCarl i in. "Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, nr 1492 (6.09.2007): 789–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2184.
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Agricultural lands occupy 37% of the earth's land surface. Agriculture accounts for 52 and 84% of global anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Agricultural soils may also act as a sink or source for CO 2 , but the net flux is small. Many agricultural practices can potentially mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the most prominent of which are improved cropland and grazing land management and restoration of degraded lands and cultivated organic soils. Lower, but still significant mitigation potential is provided by water and rice management, set-aside, land use change and agroforestry, livestock management and manure management. The global technical mitigation potential from agriculture (excluding fossil fuel offsets from biomass) by 2030, considering all gases, is estimated to be approximately 5500–6000 Mt CO 2 -eq. yr −1 , with economic potentials of approximately 1500–1600, 2500–2700 and 4000–4300 Mt CO 2 -eq. yr −1 at carbon prices of up to 20, up to 50 and up to 100 US$ t CO 2 -eq. −1 , respectively. In addition, GHG emissions could be reduced by substitution of fossil fuels for energy production by agricultural feedstocks (e.g. crop residues, dung and dedicated energy crops). The economic mitigation potential of biomass energy from agriculture is estimated to be 640, 2240 and 16 000 Mt CO 2 -eq. yr −1 at 0–20, 0–50 and 0–100 US$ t CO 2 -eq. −1 , respectively.
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Yin, Feng, Ting Zhou i Xinli Ke. "Impact of Cropland Reclamation on Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China". Sustainability 13, nr 22 (18.11.2021): 12735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212735.
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Ecological security is important both for maintaining the function of an ecosystem and for providing ecosystem services to the human wellbeing. The impact of land use change/cover on ecological security has attracted considerable attention, whereas the role of cropland reclamation remains unclear. The indirect loss of ecological land that occurs upon the request of cropland requisition-compensation policies offer further changes to ecological security. In order to ascertain the impact of cropland reclamation on ecological security, in this study three scenarios are established, addressing cropland returning to ecological lands without a slope limitation, with a slope <25°, and with a reclaimed cropland slope ≥25°. This study was conducted in the Yangtze River economic belt (YREB) due to its important contribution to ecological security in China. Land uses in different scenarios in 2030 are projected using the land use simulation model LANDSCAPE. Accordingly, ecological security in each scenario was evaluated using the contribution–vigour–organization–resilience framework, comprising the variables carbon storage, water purification, water yield, habitat quality, net primary productivity, mean patch area, Shannon’s diversity index, largest patch index and contagion, as well as the normalized difference vegetation index. The results indicate that about 62% of YREB land is projected to remain stable in terms of ecological security, while about 21% will deteriorate and 17% will improve between 2015–2030. Land where ecological security is projected to improve is concentrated in areas where broad and connected croplands are distributed. The fact that a higher proportion of areas will deteriorate than improve suggests that the negative impact of cropland change on ecological security should not be ignored. Comparing different scenarios, croplands returning to ecological lands pose a particularly significant impact on ecological security, particularly in the upper reaches of the YREB, where steep croplands are concentrated.
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Alakoz, V. V. "Land policy in agricultural land use and its development in the Central Black Earth economic region". Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), nr 5 (2.05.2023): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2305-01.
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The long-term non-use of the most part of productive agricultural lands is connected with the organization of their use - the regulation of land relations and the administration of land resources. Lack of the unified federal information system on agricultural land and land suitable for agriculture but taking a part of other categories of land, the incomplete land cadastre with an inaccurate location of boundaries, excessive retention of agricultural land in state and municipal property used on short-term lease, undeveloped market for agricultural land, excessive concentration of agricultural land in some individuals and legal entities and lack of land in family peasant (farmer) households, favorable conditions for the growth of land rentiers, limited access to land for local rural residents and other numerous problems associated with the loss of development institutions (such as land management), inefficient administration of agricultural land (for example, land redistribution fund) and imperfection or non-implementation of land legislation (when the declarations are not supported by the implementation mechanisms). The article presents the strategy for development of the land policy for agricultural land use, shows the problems and their causes as well as the mechanisms and tools to overcome. The author proposed two scenarios - inertial and target (main), and also the plans and mechanisms of implementation.
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Khalifa, Walid M. A. "Assessment of environmental and economic impacts of trickle irrigation system". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012067.
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Abstract The systems of trickle irrigation offer the potential influential irrigation to increase crop yields and have been proven reasonable according to the engineering and agricultural opinion particularly in barren areas. Trickle irrigation systems that have been offered comparatively lately in Arab countries have demonstrated to save huge amounts of water and enhance crop yield. The computational program (Trickle Irrigation System Design, TISD) connected with the economic procedures were used to research the environmental and economic conditions of the agriculture system. The conditions of environment comprised the type of soil, the topography of land, the climate areas, the water quantum and quality, and the dimensions of land. The conditions of economic included the interest rates of nominal and real, the principal price of land, and the rates of labor and energy escalation. The research deemed the ratio of B/C indicating the effects of environmental and economic parameters applying the system of trickle irrigation. The research presented the crop rotation of tomato-sesame as a line-source, and the point-source was represented by citrus trees. The research results revealed a significant impact on the ratio of B/C for the parameters; soil type, land topography, and water quality. The other parameters evidenced a variety impacts among considerable, small, and negligible on the B/C ratio. The study represents a worthy perception for institutional considerations in agricultural economics.
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Ranacher, Lea, Barbora Pollakova, Peter Schwarzbauer, Sandra Liebal, Norbert Weber i Franziska Hesser. "Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt Short Rotation Plantations on Marginal Lands: Qualitative Study About Incentives and Barriers in Slovakia". BioEnergy Research 14, nr 2 (21.01.2021): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10240-6.
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AbstractShort rotation plantations (SRP), also called short rotation coppice, can contribute to bioeconomy by satisfying the rising demand for wood raw material while strengthening the rural economy. However, farmers all over Europe show limited adoption of SRP. Marginal lands are considered a promising option for producing SRP biomass and avoiding conflicts with food production. This study focuses on the Malacky region in Western Slovakia because of suitable land quality and a board production site close by providing a significant local market for the produced biomass. Qualitative interviews in 2018 explored personal and situational factors that influenced local farmers’ (N = 19) willingness to adopt SRP. Slovakia’s land fragmentation in combination with the required landowner’s consent, competition with food production, and lack of identification with SRP were identified as prominent barriers. The economic benefit from using low quality lands and environmental benefits from SRP were identified incentives. Moreover, the study found agricultural cooperatives more open to SRP than agricultural business companies, as they are more interested in the economic benefits and prefer agricultural activity over fallow land. Because the study identified conflicting views about the possible impacts of SRP on the environment and the rural community, it is considered crucial to provide farmers with science-based facts on these issues. This aspect should also be acknowledged to increase acceptance of stakeholders, such as land owners, governmental actors, and the general public, which is needed to develop measures to encourage SRP.
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Ekpodessi, Serge G. N., i Hitoshi Nakamura. "Impact of Insecure Land Tenure on Sustainable Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Agricultural Lands in the Republic of Benin, West Africa". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (28.10.2022): 14041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114041.
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This study assesses the impact of insecure land tenure on sustainable agricultural development in Africa to demonstrate how the economic profitability of agriculture strongly depends on land tenure security. The Republic of Benin is used as the case study following the country’s recent enactment of land law 2013-01 that focuses on reorganizing the land sector, which has suffered from inappropriate management since the colonial era. Through an interview survey among landowners and presumed owners combined with standardized observations in designated rural areas, issues related to the use and management of rural lands in the Republic of Benin are highlighted and discussed. The result demonstrates that agricultural economic profitability strongly depends on land tenure security. The outcome reveals land security as a key factor for sustainable agriculture toward poverty reduction and confirms the unbreakable link between land tenure security, agricultural production, and sustainable development.
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Liu, Yuexian, Henning Høgh-Jensen, Henrik Egelyng i Vibeke Langer. "Energy efficiency of organic pear production in greenhouses in China". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, nr 3 (18.03.2010): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170510000037.
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AbstractThe development of organic protected cultivation taking place in densely populated areas has raised the question whether it is an environmentally friendly production system. The present study investigated energy consumption of organic pear production in two production systems, namely in traditional Chinese solar greenhouses and in the open field. In both production systems, energy output/input ratio and energy productivity were used as indicators to determine the energy efficiency; yield, cost of production, net economic return per land area unit and benefit/cost ratio were used to evaluate economic productivity. The analysis results indicated that energy input and energy output per land area unit in the solar greenhouse were higher than in the open field; whereas energy efficiency in terms of output/input ratio and energy productivity were lower in the solar greenhouse than those in the open field. However, if energy input sequestered in the protected structure was excluded in the solar greenhouse production system, energy efficiency was higher in the greenhouse system than in the open-field system. Our analysis further showed that the economic costs, the yield, cost of production, gross product value and net income per land area unit in the greenhouse were more than twice as high as those in the open field due to a higher tree density and a premium price. However, the production taking place in the open field used a great share of renewable energy and higher energy efficiency, which may comply more with the principles of organic farming than the greenhouse production system.
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Zhang, Di, Zhanqi Wang, Shicheng Li i Hongwei Zhang. "Impact of Land Urbanization on Carbon Emissions in Urban Agglomerations of the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 4 (3.02.2021): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041403.
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The urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MYR-UA) are facing a severe challenge in reducing carbon emissions while maintaining stable economic growth and prioritizing ecological protection. The energy consumption related to land urbanization makes an important contribution to the increase in carbon emissions. In this study, an IPAT/Kaya identity model is used to understand how land urbanization affected carbon emissions in Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang, the three major cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, from 2000 to 2017. Following the core idea of the Kaya identity model, sources of carbon emissions are decomposed into eight factors: urban expansion, economic level, industrialization, population structure, land use, population density, energy intensity, and carbon emission intensity. Furthermore, using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI), we analyze how the different time periods and time series driving forces, especially land urbanization, affect regional carbon emissions. The results indicate that the total area of construction land and the total carbon emissions increased from 2000 to 2017, whereas the growth in carbon emissions decreased later in the period. Energy intensity is the biggest factor in restraining carbon emissions, followed by population density. Urban expansion is more significant than economic growth in promoting carbon emissions, especially in Nanchang. In contrast, the carbon emission intensity has little influence on carbon emissions. Changes in population structure, industrial level, and land use vary regionally and temporally over the different time period.
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Li, Xian-wen. "Technical economic analysis of stabilization ponds". Water Science and Technology 31, nr 12 (1.06.1995): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0468.
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Employing stabilization pond systems to treat wastewater has the advantages of being economical of energy, easy to operate, and low in operation costs. However, stabilization pond systems have the problem of occupying large areas of land. Therefore, only after an overall technical economic analysis is made can an assessment be made of whether it is feasible to employ a stabilization pond systems to treat wastewater. During the period of the Seventh Five-year Plan of China, the “Study on the Technology of Stabilization Ponds” was set as one of the national scientific and technological key items. Seven experimental bases were established ranging from the north down to the south of China. With the great numbers of operational data obtained from both these bases and the existing stabilization pond systems, an analysis of the composition of the capital outlay in the stabilization pond system construction was made. The analysis shows that the land purchase cost accounts for approximately 60% of the capital outlay in construction and is the most important influencing factor. A comparison between the various costs of stabilization pond systems and those of conventional sewage treatment plant was made. Thereupon two new parameters were put forward: “equal capital land cost” and “upper limit of feasible land cost”. At the same time, a nationwide isogram of these two parameters was plotted. This isogram may be useful for preliminary design and planning purposes, and may be helpful to the users to assess comparatively easily whether its feasible to employ stabilization pond system.
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KHANNA, MADHU, i DAVID ZILBERMAN. "MODELING THE LAND-USE AND GREENHOUSE-GAS IMPLICATIONS OF BIOFUELS". Climate Change Economics 03, nr 03 (sierpień 2012): 1250016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007812500169.
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The emergence of biofuels as an agricultural commodity has integrated the agricultural, energy and livestock sectors and expanded the scope of models being used to analyze the effects of energy policies. It has increased the importance of incorporating spatial heterogeneity in land availability and productivity and information about the biophysical and economic determinants of land use change at multiple spatial scales. Since biofuels affect food and fuel prices, they have expanded the boundaries of economic models to consider not only their direct but also their indirect effects on land use and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper describes the demand-side and supply-side determinants of these direct and indirect changes in land use and greenhouse gas emissions with biofuels. We discuss the major modeling approaches used to analyze these effects, their strengths, limitations and key findings and directions for future research.