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QUINTAS, FELIPE MARUF, and MARCUS IANONI. "The Rehn-Meidner Plan and the Swedish development model in the Golden Years." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 41, no. 1 (2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572021-3062.
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ABSTRACT In general, the literature on the developmental state studies Asia and Latin America, not Scandinavia. This article examines the developmental character of the state in Sweden, distinguishing it as a specific case, because its institutions and policies combine the simultaneous promotion of industrialization and social equity. The paper analyzes the Swedish model of development, centered in Rehn-Meidner Plan (R-M), a political strategy of the national development headed by the Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP). It is argued that in Sweden industrialization and the construction of the welfare state were two sides of the same coin. The R-M Plan played a key role in consolidating the Swedish model between 1945 and 1975. It combined and articulated economic development, centered on industrialization, reduction of social inequalities, and fiscal and monetary stability. It increased productive complexity and equality, unified economic policy and social policy, planned industrialization and income redistribution. It was structured through a broad power pact among workers, industry, farmers, political representatives elected by SAP and public bureaucracy. It was institutionalized, above all, by the democratic corporatist arrangement of centralized salary negotiations.
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Näsman, Ulf. "Danerne og det danske kongeriges opkomst – Om forskningsprogrammet »Fra Stamme til Stat i Danmark«." Kuml 55, no. 55 (2006): 205–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v55i55.24694.
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The Danes and the Origin of the Danish KingdomOn the Research Programme “From Tribe to State in Denmark”Since the 1970’s, the ethnogenesis of the Danes and the origin of the Danish kingdom have attracted increased interest among Danish archaeologists. Marked changes over time observed in a growing source material form a new basis of interpretation. In written sources, the Danish realm does not appear until the Viking Age. The formation of the kingdom is traditionally placed as late as the 10th century (Jelling and all that). But prehistorians have raised the question whether the formation of the kingdom was not a much longer course. Some scholars believe that we have to study the periods preceding the Viking Age to be able to understand the development, at least from the 3rd century. In Scandinavia, this covers the Late Roman Iron Age, the Migration and Merovingian periods, as well as the early Viking Age. In a Continental perspective, it parallels the Late Antiquity (3rd-6th centuries) and the Early Middle Ages (6th-10th centuries).In 1984, the Danish Research Council launched the research programme “From Tribe to State in Denmark” which aimed to understand the formation of the Danish kingdom by studying the interaction between economic, social, and political circumstances from the Roman Period to the Viking Age. This paper presents a short synthesis of my work in the programme.Two themes have been brought into focus:1) The ethnogenesis of the Nordic peoples: the formation of the tribes that appear in the few and problematic written sources of the first millennium AD, in casu the Danes;2) The making of the Nordic kingdoms: in this case Denmark.A problem with this kind of long-term research is the inherent teleological perspective, revealed in the programme title. It is essential for me to emphasise that the early Danish kingdom was not a self-evident formation but the result of a series of concrete historical circumstances. There have been alternative possibilities at several occasions.In Scandinavia, the period is prehistoric. However, in South Scandinavia it deserves to be labelled protohistoric. Scandinavian archaeologists often forget or ignore the fact that in large parts of Europe, the first millennium AD is a historical period. The Scandinavian development is too often evaluated in isolation from the rest of Europe, in spite of the fact that the material culture demonstrates that interaction with continental as well as insular powers was continuously influencing Scandinavia. Necessarily, a relevant approach to Scandinavian late prehistory includes a historical dimension and a European perspective. South Scandinavian societies were over time linked to different realms in Europe. The Danish development was certainly part of a common west European trajectory.The best possibility of interpreting the archaeological record of South Scandinavia is by analogy with historians’ interpretations of other more or less contemporary Germanic peoples, based on descriptions in the written sources. Long-term studies of Scandinavian societies in the first millennium AD has laid new ground on which scholars have to build their image of the making of a Danish kingdom. The paper briefly describes some of the results and focuses on changes in the material that I find significant.Rural settlement: Great progress in the study of Iron Age and Early Mediaeval farming suggests economic growth, a development from subsistence economy to a production of a surplus, from collective forms of farming to individually run farmsteads, from small family farmsteads to large farms and manors. It is the surplus created by this expansion that could carry the late Viking and high medieval Danish kingdom with its administration, military power, church, towns, etc.Trade and exchange: Prestige-goods exchange dominated in the beginning of the period. Goods came from various parts of Europe. The connections to central and east Europe were broken in the sixth century, not to be reopened until the Viking Age. This explains the dominating position held by West European material culture in the development of South Scandinavia. Thus, South Scandinavia became part of the commercial zone of West Europe, certainly an important element in the making of the Danish kingdom. In the Viking Age, the rapid urbanisation demonstrates that Denmark gained great profit from its key position in the North Sea-Baltic trade network.Central places and early towns: Complex settlements appeared already in the Late Roman Iron Age, e.g. Gudme/Lundeborg, Funen. Further central sites appeared, and the number of central places grew rapidly. By the year 700, they are found in virtually every settlement area of South Scandinavia. The sites were not simple trading stations, as most were labelled a few years ago, but many also fulfilled important political, social, and religious functions; some were also manorial residences. The resident elite based their power on the mobilisation of the rural surplus; at the same time, one can say that the stimulus to produce a rural surplus was probably caused by an increasing demand from the elite at the centres.In the Viking Age, urbanisation began, which meant that the old central places lost their position and were replaced by towns like Hedeby, Ribe, and Århus. Excavations show that urbanisation started in the 8th century, a little later than the famous emporia Quentovic, Dorestad, Hamwic, and Ipswic.So today, it must be concluded that at the threshold to the Viking Age, South Scandinavian societies had a more advanced economic system and a more complex social organisation than believed only 20 years ago.Warfare: The dated indications of war cluster in two periods, the 3rd to 5th centuries, and the 10th to 11th centuries. The early period could be characterised as one of tribal warfare, in which many polities were forced to join larger confederations through the pressure of endemic warfare and conquests. In the archaeological record, indicators of war seem to disappear after AD 500, not to reappear in large numbers until the Viking Age. Was this period a Pax Danorum? Indeed, the silent archaeological record could indicate that the Danes had won hegemony in South Scandinavia. This phase can be understood as a period of consolidation between an early phase of tribal warfare and a later phase in which the territorial defence of a Danish kingdom becomes visible in the record.Wars with the Carolingian empire in the 9th century are the first wars in Denmark to be mentioned in the written record. However, archaeology demonstrates the presence of serious military threats in the centuries before, e.g. the first dykes at Danevirke. The strategic localisation of the period’s defence works reveals that threats were met with both navy and army. According to the texts, the 9th century wars are clearly national wars, either wars of conquest on a large scale between kingdoms, or civil wars, which for a large part seem to be triggered by an aggressive Frankish diplomacy.The two phases of warfare mirror two different military political situations: in the Late Roman and Migration Periods they are tribal wars and conflicts over resource control; in the Late Merovingian Period and the Viking Age they concern a Danish kingdom’s territorial defence.Religious changes: The conversion is often considered a major turning point in Scandinavian history; and in a way it was, of course. But the importance of Christianisation is heavily overestimated. The conversion was simply a step in a process that started long before. The paganism of the Scandinavians must not mislead us into believing that they were barbarians.A great change in cult practice took place around AD 500 when the use of bogs and lakes for offerings rapidly decreased. Instead, religious objects are found hoarded in settlement contexts, sometimes in the great halls of the magnates. This indicates that the elite had taken control of religion in a new way. The close link between cult and elite continued uninterrupted after Christianisation; churches were built by the magnates and on their ground. Therefore, we have a kind of cult-site continuity. From the Migration Period, the archaeological material demonstrates a close link between cult and magnates. This is certainly one important element in the formation of a Danish kingdom.Political development: Analyses of material culture reveal that South Scandinavia in the Early Iron Age consisted of many small regions, and based on sources like Tacitus and Ptolemy, one can guess that they correspond to tribal areas. In the Late Roman Iron Age and the Migration Period, the formation of a South Scandinavian super-region can be discerned, but still subdivided into a small number of distinguishable culture zones, and, again, on the basis of written sources (Jordanes and Procopius), one can guess that small tribes had joined into larger confederations precisely as on the Continent. In my opinion, a Danish kingdom appeared not later than the sixth century. Based on the well-studied material culture of the early Merovingian Period, one can assume that it had its core area in Central Denmark - South Jutland, Funen, and Zealand – with a close periphery of North Jutland, South Halland, Scania, Blekinge, and Bornholm. Probably more loosely attached to the Danish hegemony was a more distant periphery in South Sweden.So the Danish kingdom already had a history when it first appeared in the Frankish sources at the end of the 8th century. Danish involvement in European politics is first clearly observable in 777 and again in 782. Obviously, the Danish kingdom was a political and military actor on the North European scene long before the Viking Age.In the light of all these arguments, three phases can be described:– Roman Iron Age: Tribal societies with chieftains or small kings.– Late Roman Iron Age, Migration Period, and early Merovingian Period: A process of amalgamation started and warfare characterises the period. The result is the formation of tribal confederations. Written sources speak in favour of the Danes as the people who eventually won hegemony over South Scandinavia.– Late Merovingian Period and Viking Age: A process began in which royal agents replaced local chieftains. The last area to be integrated under direct Danish royal rule, in the reign of Sven Forkbeard, was probably Scania. Thus Medieval Denmark appeared.Final remarks: As a result of archaeological achievements in the last decades, a number of traditional views about Scandinavian late prehistory appear less likely, or rather erroneous. It is an underestimation that the pagans were unable of organisation and that a formation of a Danish kingdom is unthinkable before the late Viking Age. Unfortunately, the ethnogenesis of the Danes is beyond the reach of study, but a rough hypothesis may be formulated. The Danes were once one of several tribes somewhere in South Scandinavia. Events outside the Scandinavian scene were of fundamental importance for the possibility of the Danish gens to grow in power in the Late Roman and Migration Periods. Already before the Merovingian Period, the Danes won hegemony between the Baltic and the North Sea. A Danish kingdom could probably be based on this key position. Its survival was by no means a matter of course. In their continued efforts to secure the Danish position, capable kings established the borders of high medieval Denmark in the course of the Viking Age.Ulf NäsmanInstitutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap Högskolan i Kalmar
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Klippen, May Irene Furenes, Thomas Moser, Elin Reikerås, and Astrid Guldbrandsen. "A Review of Trends in Scandinavian Early Childhood Education and Care Research from 2006 to 2021." Education Sciences 14, no. 5 (2024): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14050478.
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This study provides a comprehensive overview of trends in Scandinavian early childhood education (ECEC) research from 2006 to 2021, based on the Nordic Base of Early Childhood Education and Care’s (NB-ECEC) annual reports. The study reveals a notable increase in empirical studies in Scandinavia, particularly in Sweden and Norway. The rise in English publications is attributed to international collaborations and political guidelines. Dominant thematic areas include pedagogical practices and teaching and learning, while economics and classroom management receive less focus. Qualitative research prevails, with a shortage of quantitative methods like randomised controlled trials and longitudinal designs. The study emphasises the importance of diversifying research methodologies, acknowledges positive developments in research quality, and notes an increasing trend in international peer-reviewed journal publications.
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Stepanov, Evgeniy G., Vadim T. Kaibyshev, Lyayla M. Masyagutova, and Guzyal R. Sadrtdinova. "Working conditions and health status of school workers (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 103, no. 2 (2024): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-141-146.
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In recent years, the range of publications concerning the high likelihood of teachers developing syndromes of professional burnout and professional destruction has been increasingly expanding. This trend is almost equally characteristic of most countries over the world: from Great Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia in Europe to China, Japan in Asia and Nigeria in Africa, and, over the last decade, in Russia. In other words, the problem under consideration is global in nature and depends little on the level of economic development of the country and its ethno-geographical characteristics.
 Purpose of work. Study foreign and domestic scientific literature directly related to the problems of creating working conditions and their impact on the health in education workers.
 The presented review is based on the publications of a number of domestic and foreign studies. The literature search was carried out using the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, RSCI. A total of forty two publications were analyzed for the period from 2001 to 2022. 
 A systematic analysis of the world scientific literature was conducted on the management of events aimed at assessing the working conditions and health in teachers. The study examined various aspects related to the provision of medical care to education workers.
 After evaluating the results of the study, it became clear that there is some discrepancy between reports in the field of psychology and hygiene. In the first group of works devoted to the psychological aspect, insufficient attention is paid to the study of working conditions and their impact on the health of teachers, despite the widespread prevalence of professional burnout syndrome among the teaching community. At the same time, in the second group of studies devoted to hygienic aspects, the role of psychosocial factors influencing the health of teachers is not sufficiently addressed.
 Conclusion. In general, the analysis of the characteristics of working conditions and health of pedagogical workers allows concluding this topic to be relevant and in demand in the scientific world. It also highlights the need for further research and development in this area to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of related diseases.
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Roald, Anne Sofie. "The Scandinavian Conference on Middle East Studies." American Journal of Islam and Society 10, no. 1 (1993): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i1.2533.
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The Nordic Association of Middle East Studies, which was establishedin 1989 in Uppsala, Sweden, recently held its second conference.Delegates from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland participated.John O. Voll (who has with Swedish ancestors), chairman of the MiddleEast Studies Association (MESA), came as guest lecturer.The conference's leitmotif was "Diversity and Unity of the MiddleEastern World," which was also the theme of Voll's lecture. By reconceptualizingthe understanding of Middle East as a holistic region, one inwhich sociopolitical, economic, and cultural patterns have been regardedwithin a narrow "Muslim" or "Islamic," framework, he objected to standardizedconcepts and generalizations. He used the case of the Egyptianpeasant-how new developments and changed structures have transformedthe peasant of the 1970s into the different peasant of the 1990s.He also argued that concepts themselves can be actors in history whenthey have been conceptualized. Thus they do not always describe reality ...
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Hines, John. "Ritual Hoarding in Migration-Period Scandinavia: A Review of Recent Interpretations." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 55, no. 1 (1989): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005399.
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Non-funerary deposits of an apparently ritual character are a persistent, often very prominent aspect of all periods of Scandinavian prehistory from the Neolithic to the later Iron Age (post 600 AD). The hoards of the nearer end of this series have recently been brought within theoretical and analytical studies from a variety of modern perspectives differing in ideology and specialism. This paper offers a critical review of those studies in the light of a detailed case-study from the nearer end. Harmonies can be found between the shaping force of economic and social factors posited by Richard Bradley's model and the evidence of this case, although, perhaps inevitably, the effects of these may appear more complex and even quite different from what a description of the general model can encompass. More cautionary conclusions reached which have important implications within the construction of general theory are that greater care ought to be exercised in identifying the establishment of polities and socio-economic crises from this and other contemporary categories of material, and that the specific content of ideology, particularly religious concepts, which affects the fact and the form of ritual hoards, while probably incapable of being built into a general model like Bradley's on the same implicative basis as specific types of economic and social structures, merits a more prominent place in studies of the topic.
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Millar, James R. "Poverty, Inequality, and Rural Development. Case Studies in Economic Development." Comparative Economic Studies 38, no. 4 (1996): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.1996.47.
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Ichikawa, Nobuyuki. "Two case studies of economic development in multiethnic nations." Asia-Pacific Review 4, no. 1 (1997): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13439009708719942.
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Komang Ariyanto. "Poverty and Freedom: Case Studies on Global Economic Development." Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 4, no. 3 (2023): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v4i3.442.
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Argyraki, A. "ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDIES FROM GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 1 (2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11719.
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The contribution of environmental geochemistry to sustainable development is discussed through the presentation of different case studies from Greece. The aim is to demonstrate the impact of geochemistry to a variety of societal and economic areas such as the sustainable exploitation of natural resources, the assessment of environmental problems within cities and the sustainable remediation of contaminated land. Several examples of completed and ongoing research are provided including a pre-mining survey in Skouries, Chalkidiki, a geochemical background study in an area of serpentine, agricultural soil in Atalanti, the urban soil geochemistry of Athens and the use of natural minerals as amendments for the remediation of contaminated land. The paper concludes with some facts on opportunities and obstacles to development in the field of environmental geochemistry in Greece under the current economic crisis conditions.
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Okhrimenko, Oksana, Anatolii Chynchyk, Anna Dergach, Kateryna Bannikova, and Olena Nesterenko. "Strategies for economic development: the Ukrainian case." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 55 (2022): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.55.07.25.
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The article studies the peculiarities of economic strategies of developed countries of the world and carries out a comparative analysis of the strategic goals of Ukraine and Poland. Based on correlation and graphical analysis, it is proved that the basis of economic growth of Poland, which had actually the same starting conditions as Ukraine after the collapse of the USSR, is the economic ideology, which provides for the development, stimulation, and support of the processing industry. In particular, the study showed that it is the deindustrialization of the Ukrainian economy and the reduction of processing industry products in the structure of Ukrainian exports leads to a slowdown in the growth rate of absolute GDP and GDP per capita, in Poland, there are cardinally opposite trends. The formation of economic strategies within the framework of the ideology of stimulation of the processing industry adapts macroeconomic policy to meet such goals by increasing capital expenditures, implementation of state-targeted development programs, debt financing. Besides, an important strategic principle of Ukraine's economic strategies should be the principle of increasing capital expenditures of the state budget, at the expense of deficit and debt financing of target programs of the economic market.
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Yu, Jieun, Sunyoung Kim, and Hwansoo Lee. "Strategies for Economic Development through Mobile and Case Studies in Africa." Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 39C, no. 4 (2014): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39c.4.387.
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Durbarry, Ramesh. "Tourism and economic development: case studies from the Indian Ocean region." Tourism Management 26, no. 4 (2005): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.03.007.
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Miloiu, Silviu-Marian. "The Third Conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies in Romania, May 2012." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 4, no. 2 (2012): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v4i2_11.
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The Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies continued to organize in 2012 a series of events, one of the most meaningful of which was the third international conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies entitled European networks: the Balkans, Scandinavia and the Baltic world in a time of economic and ideological crisis opened on 25 May at Valahia University of Târgoviște and sponsored by the Romanian National Research Council, Niro Investment Group and other partners (http://www.arsbn.ro/conference-2012.htm). The main goal of the conference was to foster debate and academic discussion with regard to the challenges the Balkan and Baltic regions face today, within a time of severe global economic instability. The participants discussed and advanced solutions to problems such as the accession of Balkan states to the EU and/or NATO, with particular reference to the experiences of the relatively new EU and/or NATO Member States from South-Eastern Europe and the Eastern Baltic region; the economic, security or cultural threats posed by Balkan and/or Eastern European states or non-state actors to the Western or Nordic Europe as perceived there; the development of extremist movements and the Balkan organized crime in the Scandinavian countries; the Balkan Roma peoples as a “threat” for Western and Nordic Europe; strategies for integrating minorities in the Baltic Sea rim countries and the Black Sea areas.
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Rekiso, Zinabu Samaro. "State and Economic Development in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia." Northeast African Studies 19, no. 1 (2019): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0173.
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Slavinskaite, Neringa, Miloslav Novotny, and Dainora Gedvilaitė. "Evaluation of the Fiscal Decentralization: Case Studies of European Union." Engineering Economics 31, no. 1 (2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.1.23065.
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Fiscal decentralization has been widely discussed at various levels and from various perspectives. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the OECD), similar to the World Bank, also pays great attention to it. Fiscal decentralization has always been an interesting investigation topic, and the researchers, in addition to considering the future of the economy, study this problem from different perspectives, i.e. geographic, political and others. The effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development of the state has been investigated by various authors. Three different hypotheses provide the proofs of the positive effect of fiscal decentralization. The main advantage of fiscal federalism are efficient and adequate public services which are provided locally through the mobility of the citizens, voting power and competition between the local governments in the created ecosystem. The potential advantages of the competition among the local government powers are similar to the advantages associated with the competition on the private markets. The paper is focussed on fiscal decentralization of the state. It aims to investigate the theoretical aspect of the impact of fiscal decentralization on the economic development to calculate the index of fiscal decentralization and to evaluate the effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development in the particular states of the European Union. Thus, Bulgaria and Lithuania have the lowest fiscal decentralization index of EU-13 (0.28), while the Czech Republic has the highest index (0.46). The researchers have proved the effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic development of the EU-13 states to be statistically significant and positive. The originality of this paper is that it introduces a theoretical model for evaluating the fiscal decentralization effect on the economic development and assesses the fiscal decentralization effect on the economic development of the particular EU-13 states.
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Song, Xiao, Kee-Cheok Cheong, Qianyi Wang, and Yurui Li. "Developmental Sustainability through Heritage Preservation: Two Chinese Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (2020): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093705.
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Cultural heritage is a vital part of a society’s existence. This role has particular relevance for China, with arguably one of the largest stocks of cultural assets, tangible and intangible, in the world. Recognizing the tension between cultural preservation and economic development as a general context, this paper examines the specific additional challenges China faces in its rush towards economic development. In providing both generic and China-specific contexts, this paper has as its objective to understand how Chinese policy-makers, both central and local, attempt to resolve the contest between cultural preservation and economic development, specifically rural rejuvenation. Through two case studies—of Lijiang in Yunnan province and Rizhao in Shandong province—this paper shows contrasting strategies to leverage local intangible cultural assets. Comparing these strategies reveals both the advantages and challenges inherent in each. A successful strategy captures the benefits of cultural tourism while minimizing its costs.
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Hussain, Athar, and Hassan Hakimian. "Labour Transfer and Economic Development: Theoretical Perspectives and Case Studies from Iran." Economic Journal 102, no. 412 (1992): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234316.
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Ipsen, Catherine, Tom Seekins, Nancy Arnold, and Karl Kraync. "A citizen‐led program for rural community economic development: Two case studies." Community Development 37, no. 3 (2006): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2006.10383108.
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Millar, James R. "Poverty, Inequality, and Rural Develoment. Case Studies in Economic Development, Vol. 3." Comparative Economic Studies 38, no. 2-3 (1996): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.1996.16.
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Durand, Jorge, Emilio A. Parrado, and Douglas S. Massey. "Migradollars and Development: A Reconsideration of the Mexican Case." International Migration Review 30, no. 2 (1996): 423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000202.
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Economic arguments, quantitative data, and ethnographic case studies are presented to counter popular misconceptions about international labor migration and its economic consequences in Mexico. The prevailing view is that Mexico-U.S. migration discourages autonomous economic growth within Mexico, at both the local and national levels, and that it promotes economic dependency. However, results estimated from a multiplier model suggest that the inflow of migradollars stimulates economic activity, both directly and indirectly, and that it leads to significantly higher levels of employment, investment, and income within specific communities and the nation as a whole. The annual arrival of around $2 billion migradollars generates economic activity that accounts for 10 percent of Mexico's output and 3 percent of its Gross Domestic Product.
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Clark, James G. "The Making of Nordic Monasticism, c. 1076–c. 1350." Religions 12, no. 8 (2021): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080581.
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The introduction of regular religious life in the Nordic region is less well-documented than in the neighbouring kingdoms of northern Europe. In the absence of well-preserved manuscript and material remains, unfounded and sometimes distorting suppositions have been made about the timeline of monastic settlement and the character of the conventual life it brought. Recent archival and archaeological research can offer fresh insights into these questions. The arrival of authentic regular life may have been as early as the second quarter of the eleventh century in Denmark and Iceland, but there was no secure or stable community in any part of Scandinavia until the turn of the next century. A settled monastic network arose from a compact between the leadership of the secular church and the ruling elite, a partnership motivated as much by the shared pursuit of political, social and economic power as by any personal piety. Yet, the force of this patronal programme did not inhibit the development of monastic cultures reflected in books, original writings, church and conventual buildings, which bear comparison with the European mainstream.
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Adams, David, and Craig Watkins. "Making the economic case for planning." Town Planning Review 89, no. 5 (2018): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2018.28.
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Pham, Thi Hong Van, and Thi Mai Thom Do. "Macroeconomics and development of seaport. Case of Vietnam." Review of Business and Economics Studies 8, no. 2 (2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2020-8-2-19-25.
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Seaport industry plays an important role in local and national economic development. The development of the seaport industry creates a competitive advantage, promotes international trade and speeds up the integration process of nations, especially in developing countries. Many studies have noted the importance of seaports to economic development. Economic development is also one of the crucial factors in seaport development. Economic growth will promote domestic production and improve investment efficiency. The development of import and export activities directly affects the supply of goods and the scale of operations of seaports; the increasing in industrial-agricultural output will increase the volume of goods, thereby promoting the seaport industry. This research analyses the relationship between economic growth, export-import operations, industry & agriculture to cargo through ports based on statistical data for the period 2000–2019. This study selects the case of Vietnam, a developing economy with a long coastline along with the country, and its shipping capacity ranked 4th in the ASEAN region.
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Braun, Bradley M., and W. Warren McHone. "Science Parks as Economic Development Policy: A Case Study Approach." Economic Development Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1992): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249200600203.
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Sihlongonyane, Mfaniseni Fana. "Local economic development in Swaziland: The case of Manzini City." Urban Forum 14, no. 2-3 (2003): 244–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-003-0013-x.
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Pryor, Frederic L., and Chinyamata Chipeta. "Economic Development through Estate Agriculture: The Case of Malaŵi." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 24, no. 1 (1990): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485592.
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Kuznetsova, A. L., and Yu M. Zverev. "The “path dependence effect” and its application for regional studies (case of Kaliningrad oblast)." Regional'nye issledovaniya, no. 2 (2019): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/10.5922/1994-5280-2019-2-2.
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One of the main questions studying by the economic geography is the reasons for the heterogeneity of the distribution of economic processes in space. For research of this kind, it is extremely important that the researcher uses the idea of he economic process as such, the nature of its dynamics and the factors influencing its development. This paper is devoted to the concept of the “path dependence”, based on the ideas of “dependence on previous development”. The notion is clearly interdisciplinary in nature and can be used and is already used in economic and geographical research. This work is devoted to clarifying the economic and geographical content of the concept of “path dependence” and to show the demonstration of this effect in the socio-economic and spatial development of a particular region (for example, the Kaliningrad region). The paper gives review of the modern state of researches on the “path dependence” problem including main research areas. From the example of the Kaliningrad region development starting from 1945 to date the work shows both mechanism of action of the “path dependence” and mechanism of development path shift. It also describes action of “path dependence” factors and its influence on regional economic development. Apart particularities of the current development of the Kaliningrad region are characterized from the path overlocking perspective.
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Ha Thi Hai, Yen, and Linh Nguyen Thi My. "Enhancing Direct Democracy: Case Studies in Vietnam." SHS Web of Conferences 124 (2021): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112407002.
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Direct democracy is the original and true way to ensure the power and position of the people as the owners of the state and society. Along with representative democracy, the implementation of direct democracy is important and indispensable in modern states in the world. In Vietnam, direct democracy has been recognized in many important legal documents and has been concerned by the Vietnamese Government, especially in recent times. Promoting and expanding direct democracy in Vietnam is evaluated as very correct and consistent actions of the Communist Party and the Government of Vietnam. The implementation of democracy is an important driving force to promote socio-economic development as well as people's sovereignty. It also stimulates the material and spiritual resources among the people to serve socio-economic development and fulfill social tasks. In the recent context of Vietnam, there are a lot of difficulties and challenges in implementing direct democracy, which requires significant solutions to strengthen in the future. In this paper, besides providing general research and opinions on direct democracy, the author focuses on analyzing issues of direct democracy implementation as well as proposing some solutions to improve direct democracy in Vietnam.
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Ennals, Richard. "Democratic Dialogue and Development: An Intellectual Obituary of Björn Gustavsen." International Journal of Action Research, no. 2-3/2018 (January 11, 2019): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v14i2-3.06.
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Björn Gustavsen, with an original professional background as a lawyer and judge in his native Norway, had a formative role in organisational development processes in Norway, Sweden, Scandinavia and the European Union over four decades. Following in the tradition of Norwegian working life research by Trist and Thorsrud, he provided the conceptual framework and practical case studies which have driven major national and international programmes. He learned from different experience of organisational change in, for example, the USA and Japan, but he identified a distinctive way forward for the European Union, where he acted as a senior adviser. In contrast to conventional Taylorist top-down management and reliance on expert consultants, his approach was bottom up and concept driven, with a focus on empowering workers. With a commitment to long-term sustainable processes, he emphasised the importance of capacity building and succession planning, highlighting development organisations. His approach to partnership and coalition building enabled collaboration across sectors, in the cause of creating collaborative advantage. He had a distinctive fluent academic writing style, but spentmost of his time engaged in the design and practice of development, and editing the work of younger colleagues. He saw the role of academic journals and edited books in the development process, so encouraged new publications, but without seeking to dominate. He took ideas of Action Research and case studies, and applied them to national enterprise development programmes, working with the labour market parties. This resulted in a distinctive research and development culture.
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Mushtaq, Afia, Noman Arshed, and Muhammad Shahid Hassan. "Sources of Banking Sector Development: Case of Pakistan." Journal of Finance and Accounting Research 1, no. 2 (2019): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jfar/0102/04.
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Banking sector development is one of the key elements benchmarking economic growth. Several empirical studies for several instances have indicated a positive relationship between banking sector development and economic growth. This study intends to examine the sources of banking sector development of Pakistan, using capital formation, interest rate, trade deficit, general price level and remittances as the proposed indicators. There is a lack of studies which investigated the impact of investment and trade deficit on banking sector development. The empirical data for the study is taken from world development indicators for 38 years. For the reliable estimates, ARDL cointegration technique has been used to estimate the long run determinants of banking sector development. Domestic credit to private sector has been used as a proxy for the banking sector development because of its market orientation. The results show that increase in the investment, imports and general price level leads to increase in the provision of domestic credit which leads to banking sector development.
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Myslyakova, Yu G. "Genetic Approach in Studies of Sustainable Regional Economic Development." Zhurnal Economicheskoj Teorii 17, no. 4 (2020): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2020.17-4.8.
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The article discusses a new, genetic approach to problems of sustainable regional economic development. The article describes the methodological aspects of this approach and shows how it can be applied for meso-economic studies and search for solutions to sustainable development problems. Social defense mechanisms provide social cohesion and enable the society to resist internal and external economic shocks. The hypothesis tested in the article is that the social immunity of a territory (or the territory’s defense mechanisms) affects its sustainable economic development. To test this hypothesis, we developed a methodological framework for evaluating the social immunity of a territory. This methodology was then applied to the case of the Ural Federal District, more specifically, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen regions in the period between 2010 and 2018. It was shown that the proposed methodology can be applied to model the core of social immunity of any region by using the Frobenius norms, reflecting positive and negative social transformations. The hypothesis was thus confirmed and the conclusion was made that the lack of social immunity in a territory results in its increased vulnerability to external shocks, both random and regular, and in economic entities’ diminished ability to benefit from the economic effects.
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Abrahams, Diane. "The Military as an Economic Agent in Local Economic Development: The Case of South Africa." Urban Forum 18, no. 2 (2007): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-007-9001-x.
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Kan, E. N. "Social innovation as a driver of economic development." Economics and Management 29, no. 9 (2023): 1086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-9-1086-1093.
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Aim. To study theoretical and methodological aspects of the phenomenon of “social innovation”.Tasks. To systematize the existing knowledge about social innovations, to identify the genesis of the concept of “social innovation”; to establish how the content of this concept has changed and in connection with what, what importance scientists assign to this concept at present.Methods. The research was carried out with the help of methods of scientific knowledge (analysis of scientific works of foreign and domestic authors in the field of economics and management, synthesis of concepts and approaches).Results. Theoretical aspects of social innovation have been studied. International and domestic works of scientists of different time periods and countries were analyzed. On the basis of the study the following definition was obtained: social innovations are innovations that are an effective tool to stimulate the solution of acute problems in society (in case of short impact), a trigger of transformations and/or a driver of economic development (in case of long impact), affecting the quality of institutions in order to improve the quality of life of people.Conclusions. Despite the fact that the concepts of “innovation” and “sociality” developed independently and independently of each other, they have always evolved simultaneously. This is evidenced by the works of thinkers of all historical epochs, starting from the Ancient World. Moreover, with the passage of time there is a scientific “splicing” of these two concepts, which becomes most noticeable at the turn of the late XIX - early XX century, when the world is experiencing significant socio-economic and political events. More and more scientists raise pressing questions about what social innovation is - a derivative or a producer, an indicator or a tool, influencing institutions or being influenced by institutions. The significance of this study lies in the attempt to systematize theoretical and methodological aspects for further study of this phenomenon.
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Spasskaya, Natalia V., Irina M. Kulikova, and Elena E. Afanasyeva. "The analysis of the socio-economic situation of Scandinavian countries using the macroeconomic generalizing indicator of development." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка, no. 3-3021 (September 30, 2021): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.3.2021.73.006.
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The socio-economic development of the country is the goal of every state. An important element in achieving this goal is the availability and application of a macroeconomic generalizing indicator that reveals the purpose of public policy. The main aim of the study is to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the organization of life in the countries of Scandinavia, using the macroeconomic generalizing indicator RAZ (the name of the indicator is based on the first part of the Russian word “razvitie” translated as “development”), proposed by the authors. The authors consider this indicator as suitable for cross-country comparisons of the quality of life and an objective estimation of development of the society from the point of view of focusing on the maximum disclosure of person's abilities and personal development. The research was based on the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and modeling, as well as on the case-study method. The use of these methods made it possible to identify the characteristics of the socio-economic organization of life and characteristics defining quality of life (human birth, education and medical care) in their composition, and also the indicators corresponding to them characterizing qualitative changes — levels of human birth rate, education and medical care. The generalized estimation of the specified characteristics defining quality of life, it is offered to make by means of a macroeconomic generalizing indicator. For its calculation a set of the quantity indicators defining quality of life (population in the country, number of the persons trained in an education system and number of healthy people) is generated. The authors make an assessment of the macroeconomic generalizing indicator and the set of the quantity indicators defining quality of life (the population in the country, the number of healthy people and the number of people studying in the education system).The study has developed an approach to calculating defining quality of life indicators using the System of National Accounts according to the data of the European Bureau of Statistical Research and the official websites of the national statistical services of the countries of Scandinavia and Switzerland as a country that has indicators close to the leading values of the countries of Scandinavia. These estimates can be used for comparative analysis purposes. The study compiled a rating of countries according to the macroeconomic generalizing indicator. According to calculations, Norway occupies a leading position. The lowest rank is observed in Sweden. There are changes in the quality of life in society, and this complex phenomenon requires an objective assessment. Generalizing indicator of the development provides such an assessment. The indicator allows us to evaluate the set of characteristics that determine the quality of life, which is not yet taken into account in cross-country comparisons, and to compare them. It has been established that the lack of development of the conceptual apparatus and the unavailability of important statistical information complicate the principle of compiling the indicator and lead to an inaccurate calculation of the macroeconomic generalizing indicator at this study stage. Nevertheless, it was found out that the calculation could be made in relation to the following levels: humanity (world), country, region or city. Further research is planned to study substantiation of the conceptual device of formation of RAZ as indicator for cross-country comparisons of quality of life and an objective estimation of development of the society, as well as for using it as a modelling element of social and economic systems. Besides, it is necessary to develop additional characteristics that take into account the influence of a person’s life expectancy on the quality of his life, as well as in clarifying the conceptual apparatus for forming a macroeconomic generalizing indicator RAZ for building a rational organization of people's place of residence. This approach creates new theoretical and methodological foundations for scientific knowledge of the socio-economic development of the countries and allows us to analyze the quality of life as a base which moves development of the countries in different historical periods and to see the development of the world in the future in a different way.
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Waters, Tony. "The Second Economy in Tanzania by T. L. Maliyamkono and M. S. D. Bagachwa London, James Currey; Athens, Ohio University Press; Nairobi, Heinemann Kenya; and Dar es Salaam, ESAURP; 1990. Pp. xix + 197. £25.00. £9.95 paperback. - Capitalism, Socialism and the Development Crisis in Tanzania edited by Norman O'Neill and Kemal Mustafa Aldershot, Avebury; Brookfield, Vermont, Gower; 1990. Pp. xiv + 281. £30.00. - Ideology as a Determinant of Economic Systems: Nyerere and Ujamaa in Tanzania by Stefan Hedlund and Mats Lundahl Uppsala, Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1989. Pp. 54. SEK50.00. - Did Colonialism Capture the Peasantry? A Case Study of the Kagera District, Tanzania by Charles David Smith Uppsala, Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1989. Pp. 34. SEK40.00." Journal of Modern African Studies 28, no. 4 (1990): 700–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0005480x.
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Voloshenko, Ksenia Yu, Ivan S. Gumenyuk, and Nils Göran Arne Roos. "Transit in Regional Economic Development: The Case of the Kaliningrad Exclave." European Spatial Research and Policy 27, no. 1 (2020): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.27.1.12.
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The study analyses the role of the transit function in the development of a regional transport system drawing on the example of the Kaliningrad exclave region (Russia). The article studies the role and extent of the impact of changes in the volume and structure of transit operations on the value-added creation in the regional economy. The assessment of the transit function was conducted using analytical software for strategizing and situational forecasting of the socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region, the analogue of which is the CGE-model. The article describes the results of the regional value-added modelling based on the integrated index of gross regional product (GRP) and the changing volume and structure of transit cargo. The article explores the transit specialisation options for the Kaliningrad region based on different scenarios of its social and economic development and the changes in external factors. The results can be applied to similar studies on assessing the transit potential of a particular territory and developing measures to support the transportation system development in other regions.
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Skjoldager-Nielsen, Daria, and Kim Skjoldager-Nielsen. "Theatre, Science, and the Popular: Two Contemporary Examples From Scandinavia." Nordic Theatre Studies 29, no. 2 (2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v29i2.104609.
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This article explores relations between theatre, science, and the popular, which have largely been overlooked by Nordic theatre studies. The aim here is to introduce and understand the variety of ways theatre may communicate science to the public, the point of departure informed by the historical development of the relations between the three concepts and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological critique of modern science. The two analytical examples are Swedish Charlotte Engelkes’ and Peder Bjurman’s Svarta hål – en kvantfysisk vaudeville (2014) and Danish Hotel Pro Forma’s adult performance for children Kosmos+ En Big Bang forestilling om universets vidundre (2014).History of science reveals complex combinations of science and the popular in theatrical events that raises the question if the audience’s understanding of the scientific subject matter itself always was – or has to be – the purpose of the popular science performance, or if it rather was – and is – about spurring interest by inspiring sentiments of wonder and reflection on science’s impact on life and outlooks. Newer conceptual developments also suggest that it is not always the case that theatre is a tool for science popularisation, as a specific genre science theatre, but that scientific information and concepts are artistically interpreted by theatre, and not always in ways affirmative of the science. This later variant is called science-in-theatre. The two genres are demonstrated through the analyses of Svarta hål and Kosmos+, the claim being that the first was an ambiguous exposition of science, i.e. science-in-theatre, whereas the second established an artistically visionary affirmation, as regular science theatre.
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Bentley, Colene, Paulos Teckle, Lisa McQuarrie, Stuart Peacock, and Shiraz El Adam. "Impact of cancer on income, wealth and economic outcomes of adult cancer survivors: a scoping review." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (2022): e064714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064714.
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ObjectiveTo summarise peer-reviewed evidence on the effect of a cancer diagnosis on the different sources of income of individuals diagnosed with cancer during adulthood (age ≥18 years).DesignA scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews and reporting results following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Econ-Lit and Evidence-based Medicine Reviews, and reference lists of evidence syntheses. Published literature of any study type in English was searched from January 2000 to December 2020.Eligibility and criteriaStudy participants were individuals diagnosed with cancer during adulthood (age ≥18 years). Studies from any country and/or healthcare system were included. Primary outcomes were employment income (eg, individual or household); investment income (eg, stocks/bonds, properties, savings); government transfer payments (eg, disability income/pension); debt and bankruptcy.Data extraction and synthesisFindings are summarised descriptively and in tabular form.ResultsFrom 6297 citations retrieved, 63 studies (67 articles) met our inclusion criteria. Most (51%) were published in 2016–2020; 65% were published in the USA or Scandinavia. Survivors incurred debt (24 studies), depleted savings (13 studies) and liquidated stocks/bonds (7 studies) in response to a cancer diagnosis. 41 studies reported changes to employment income; of these, 12 case–control studies reported varying results: 5 reported survivors earned less than controls, 4 reported no significant differences, 2 reported mixed results and 1 reported income increased. Initial declines in income tended to lessen over time.ConclusionsCancer’s impact on survivors’ income is complex and time-varying. Longitudinal studies are needed to document the trend of initial declines in income, with declines lessening over time, and its variations. Study designs using standardised income measures and capturing treatment type and follow-up time will improve our understanding of cancer’s impact on survivors’ income.
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McNicol, Barbara J. "NATURE-BASED TOURISM AND CONSERVATION: NEW ECONOMIC INSIGHTS AND CASE STUDIES." Annals of Tourism Research 41 (April 2013): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.02.010.
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Weinstein, Bernard L., and Terry L. Clower. "Filmed Entertainment and Local Economic Development: Texas as a Case Study." Economic Development Quarterly 14, no. 4 (2000): 384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124240001400405.
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Horvat, Tatjana, Philipp Mayrleitner, Romana Korez Vide, and Vito Bobek. "Culture, corruption and economic development: The case of emerging economies." Acta Oeconomica 71, no. 1 (2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2021.00005.
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AbstractThis paper aims to examine specific cultural attributes which may be favourable to economic development or restrictive to corruptive behaviour. The indicators of GDP growth and GDP per capita, the Human Development Index (HDI), Hofstede's cultural dimensions and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) were used within a two staged analysis on the sample of selected emerging economies between 1995–2015. The findings of the research outline the complexity of this topic and numerous interrelations among the involved variables. The paper emphasises the importance of understanding the cultural traits of societies and the motives for corruption, to be able to take appropriate measures to promote economic and human development and to combat corruption. Future studies could assess differences within cultural clusters of the emerging economies to allow further insights on a comparative level, increasing the possibility to find answers why different regions develop faster than others.
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Haq, Rashida. "Trends in Inequality and Welfare in Consumption Expenditure: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (1998): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.765-779.
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Economic growth is important, but at the same time it loses its importance if nothing trickles down to the poor. One of the frequent heard arguments against growth strategies is that it benefits only the comparatively well off segment of the society. This means that the concomitant of economic growth is more skewed income distribution. Growth and equity should be solved subsequently or in some cases simultaneously, otherwise these countries are exposed to disaster [Hirschman (1973)]. The surge for income distribution studies both in developed and developing countries has, however, been caused by different reasons. In a developed nation, a high economic growth, in terms of GNP per capita and the introduction of the concept of a welfare state necessitated a widespread debate on income inequality and relative poverty issues. In the developing countries, failure to achieve sustainable high growth rates and disappointment from the pursuit of growth-led macro-economic policies in the past decade has surfaced a need to conduct income distribution studies and policies.
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Kummitha, Harshavardhan, Raqif Huseynov, and Michał Wojtaszek. "Development of Agritourism in the Light of Economics: Case Studies of Italy and Poland." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 1 (2018): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.1.13.
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Recreational activities pertaining to farmlands are receiving increased attention from both research and practice. One of the major reasons for this heightened importance attributed to farmland tourism is due partly to its potential to advance the local economy and to the benefits it brings for farmers and visitors. Thus, analyzing the role of agritourism in advancing socio-economic prosperity is of pivotal importance. With this background, the paper discusses the economic benefits of agritourism. The results reported in the paper are related to organizations located in Poland and Italy. Agritourism can bring several economic benefits in the countries and regions. What is interesting, the average income from agritourism is about one-third of the overall household income of farmers. Moreover, food service is a crucial factor in the success of agritourism as it brings extra money to farmers. It shows the importance of the relationship between the income obtained from agritourism activities and the benefits local communities gain by engaging in multiple tourism promotion activities.
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Reed, Christine M., B. J. Reed, and Jeffrey S. Luke. "Assessing Readiness for Economic Development Strategic Planning: A Community Case Study." Journal of the American Planning Association 53, no. 4 (1987): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944368708977141.
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Busso, Sandro, and Luca Storti. "Social cohesion and economic development: some reflections on the Italian case." Modern Italy 18, no. 2 (2013): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2013.783269.
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The processes of globalisation, market deregulation and the retreat of the welfare state in advanced capitalist societies have revitalised the debate about how to reconcile economic development and social cohesion. This debate has been widespread in Italy, where great differences occur between local contexts as regards economic performance, the level of inequality and, more generally, the cohesion of the social fabric. Within this framework, this paper explores the level of both economic development and social cohesion in Italian provinces, through the analysis of secondary data. With particular reference to the Italian situation, the article therefore contributes to the debate on the focalisation and operationalisation of the two concepts. Finally, the complex relation between economic development and social cohesion is analysed, and its non-linear trend is outlined.
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Beilin, Ruth, Regina Lindborg, Marie Stenseke, et al. "Analysing how drivers of agricultural land abandonment affect biodiversity and cultural landscapes using case studies from Scandinavia, Iberia and Oceania." Land Use Policy 36 (January 2014): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.07.003.
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Pratiwi, Pratiwi. "Case Studies of Public Sector Innovation in Increasing Local Tax Compliance." Jurnal Wacana Kinerja: Kajian Praktis-Akademis Kinerja dan Administrasi Pelayanan Publik 22, no. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31845/jwk.v22i1.146.
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Public sector innovation (PSI) is important driving factor of economic development. Tax is one of the drivers of economic development as 70% of national expenditure are covered by tax revenue. However, the tax revenue ratio towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Indonesia is less than 13% and is the lowest among Southeast Asian economies. This study describes two case studies in local governments on increasing the awareness of the citizens to pay tax. This study focuses on innovation process, the knowledge flow, supporting conditions and challenges in implementing the innovations. By employing case study method, this study suggests acknowledgement, human resource training, multi-stakeholder partnership, and bottomp-up approach have stimulated innovativeness of public organizations.
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Ambili K. "Strategic marketing interventions for sustainable economic development: A comprehensive analysis of innovative approaches and global case studies." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (2024): 1520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0046.
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This research aims to investigate the role of strategic marketing interventions in fostering sustainable economic development, exploring innovative approaches and presenting global case studies. The objective is to analyze the effectiveness of diverse marketing strategies in contributing to economic growth and resilience across different regions. Employing a mixed-methods research design, both qualitative and quantitative data will be gathered from a diverse set of case studies, incorporating interviews, surveys, and economic indicators. The study seeks to identify patterns and success factors in the integration of marketing initiatives within economic development frameworks. Preliminary findings indicate that strategic marketing interventions play a pivotal role in enhancing market competitiveness, attracting investments, and fostering innovation. Additionally, the research reveals the importance of aligning marketing strategies with socio-economic goals for long-term sustainable development. These insights contribute to the evolving discourse on the intersection of marketing and economic development, providing valuable guidance for policymakers, businesses, and researchers seeking to catalyze positive economic transformation through strategic marketing initiatives.
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Lu, Min, Xing Wang, and Yuquan Cang. "Carbon Productivity: Findings from Industry Case Studies in Beijing." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102796.
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Simultaneously protecting the environment and promoting the economy are two critical dimensions for sustainable development. Carbon productivity is popularly used in assessing the environmental and economic efficiency over time, and is deemed as the appropriate indicator of sustainable development. Given the prominent contribution of energy consumption to sustainable development, this study incorporates energy consumption into the Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model to explore the main factors influencing carbon productivity change. Based on the data from 19 industries in Beijing from 2013 to 2016, this study then reports the carbon productivities and their changes. Energy productivity change is the main cause of carbon productivity changes, and its correlation with carbon productivity change is significantly positive, whereas there is a weak correlation and no significant difference in energy consumption per unit of carbon emissions. Although the average carbon productivities in all 19 industries increased year over year in Beijing, the average level could be further promoted by improving energy productivity. The carbon productivities of the primary and secondary industries are less than the average, and far below the tertiary industry level. For the primary industry, increasing economic levels is conducive to improving carbon productivity; for secondary industry, reducing energy consumption and enhancing energy efficiency are most effective; and for tertiary industry, maintaining an outstanding performance will guarantee sustainable development in Beijing. This study has defined carbon productivity change from the energy consumption perspective and for the first time, comprehensively measured it for all industries in Beijing. The results are expected to assist these industries to essentially improve productivity performance and thus improve development sustainability.