Rozprawy doktorskie: „Economic assistance in Nicaragua”

1

Pritchett, Anthony J. "U.S. economic assistance to Colombia: a model for U.S. economic assistance to Mexico?" Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38997.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Strong, effective, economic assistance programs are a crucial part of U.S. foreign policy. They are a primary instrument for advancing U.S. national interests, enhancing global stability, expanding economic opportunities, and promoting American democratic values. From 2004 through 2010, the United States donated more than $16 billion in economic assistance to countries in the Western Hemisphere. Some ask why the United States spends so much money abroad on humanitarian programs and infrastructure investments in developing states. To address this question, this thesis looks at Colombia and Mexico, both of which are of crucial strategic importance to the United States. Under Plan Colombia (20002006), U.S. economic assistance and staunch political will enabled Colombia to improve from 14th (2005) to 57th (2013) on the Failed State Index scale. As a result, Colombia has also emerged as a stronger U.S. partner in the Western Hemisphere. The Colombian experience was historically specific, but lessons can be extracted for Mexico, even though its history and relationship with Washington is very different. In particular, the recent Merida Initiative (Plan Mexico; 2008present) can benefit immensely from being carefully evaluated in light of the earlier success of Plan Colombia.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

2

Ström, Sten. "Political rhetoric vs. economic policy : – the case of Nicaragua". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-224447.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Political ideologies translate into both rhetoric and actual economic policy, and both are important factors for explaining economic development such as foreign direct investment and the distribution of growth. In Nicaragua, the government calls itself “socialist”, but neither local big business nor rating firms or foreign investors seem to be anxious. In this thesis, an attempt is made to define and measure characteristics of economic ideologies, and to analyse them in a country context.Factors are identified that would be characteristic for a “leftist” or to a “rightist” ideology, and then translated into measurable indicators, used to analyse the rhetoric, planning and legislation in Nicaragua. Actual outcomes are compared with previous liberal and socialist regimes. The result indicates that the actual economic policy of the current “marxist” government can be described as liberal or mildly social democratic. A similar analysis, made of IMF and Moody’s show that their assessments are based on liberal theory.One cause for this discrepancy between rhetoric and economic policy may be that no option is available in the globalised context with its unequal distribution of resources and power.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

3

Negy, Kevin. "Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua: explaining economic success levels". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/888.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Latin America is a region that has deep roots in Spanish colonialism. Since its independence, many countries in the region have heavily depended on agriculture exports to industrialized states to support their economies. This has led to political theorists to label Latin America as an area full of "periphery" countries that are exploited for resources by "core countries. Costa Rica, Panama, and Nicaragua were not the exception. In recent years, however, a noticeable difference between the economies of the countries has helped Costa Rica and Panama become more successful than Nicaragua, on the basis of GDP, GNI, and other similar measures. This thesis attempts to explain this economic difference by analyzing what type of relationship the three countries have had with the United States (which has acted as a regional hegemon) and analyzing how each country has handled economic dependence on agriculture. Through this comparative case study, the thesis tries to add to development and dependency theory literature.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

4

Acquah, Daniel. "Economic giants and economic dwarfs the Ghanaian factor /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

5

Heinisch, Reinhard. "Response to an experiment: the Sandinista model of socialism and the US policy towards it". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45795.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The current policy of the Reagan administration is designed to overthrow the Sandinist system in Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan revolution has produced a fascinating model of Socialism, in which the Sandinistas are trying to combine elements of pragmatic Marxism, Catholic humanism and revolutionary nationalism. In the first three years after the revolution, the Sandinist government was fairly successful and the country made enormous social and political progress. In 1983 Nicaragua entered a severe systemic crisis, which has been aggravated by the economic and military policy of the Reagan administration. This paper argues that the US counter strategy is based upon a number of contradictions and inconsistencies inherent in the Sandinist system.

The main targets of the US strategy are the social accomplishments that provided the FSLN's popularity among the rural population, as well as the middle-class upon whose co-operation the success of the Sandinista model depends. The US strategy consists of three components: a) economic sanctions, b) overt and covert military threat, and c) additional supportive policy measures.

This paper is a preliminary analysis offering suggestions and direction for future research.

Master of Arts

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

6

Roberts, Justin Gareth. "Aid programmes by the governments of India and China to Nepal". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812430.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

7

Ripoll, Santiago. "Food sovereignty and campesino moral economies : market embeddedness, autonomy and solidarity in the Matagalpa Highlands of Nicaragua". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61252/.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In the past two decades, social movements advocating for food sovereignty, the most visible being Via Campesina (the peasant's way), have successfully articulated an alternative paradigm to the dominant models of industrial food production and free trade. Food sovereignty is constructed upon particular conceptions of the moral economies of peasants and assumptions about how peasants deploy moral values and economic practices to resist commoditisation. This ethnography establishes how peasants relate to the commoditisation of grain, land and labour in their everyday lives, and in turn reflects on what a food sovereignty rooted in campesino moral economies would look like. To do this, I conducted fieldwork in a village in the Matagalpa Highlands of Nicaragua, documenting campesinos' everyday practices, moral ideologies and social norms regarding the production, transfer and exchange of food, land and labour. This research breaks down the idea that market exchanges are only profit-seeking and gift-giving is solely the product of mutuality. I argue that campesino households and communities engage partially with capitalist markets whilst pursuing autonomy from them. This is achieved through resisting commoditisation to different degrees for different commodities, with moral norms allowing certain things to fall in and out of commodity status. Moral norms allow for grain and labour to be sold as a commodity in particular circumstances whereas fully resist the sale of land. Autonomy from the market is underpinned by ideologies of solidarity, shaped by the social embeddedness of exchanges determined by relations of kinship, affiliation and locality. Whilst these ideologies succeed in stalling capitalist accumulation, they can reproduce conservative notions of the family and disguise intra-community class inequalities. I show how market exchanges are frequently used to deliver solidarity and that family networks can also be used to extract profit: exchanges have become a contested battlefield, where exploiters can portray themselves as helpers.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

8

Noponen, Martin Raimo Andreas. "Carbon and economic performance of coffee agroforestry systems in Costa Rica and Nicaragua". Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/carbon-and-economic-performance-of-coffee-agroforestry-systems-in-costa-rica-and-nicaragua(6a432d2d-72ce-4a7b-a8af-e0ed74bed9df).html.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Coffee agroforestry systems (CAFS) sustain the livelihoods of many people globally at the same time as providing important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration that help mitigate climate change. These systems vary in their composition (especially density and species of shade tree) and management. Changes made to enhance their productivity will affect their climate change mitigation potential. With growing food demand and diminishing availability of agricultural land due to global population growth, as well as an increasing threat from global climate change the trade-offs between the socio-economic and net carbon sequestration performance in CAFS are important. The carbon sequestration and socio-economic performance of a range of CAFS varying in composition and management were assessed in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Measurements and modelled estimates were made of (i) greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from coffee cultivation (the carbon footprint (CF)), (ii) carbon sequestration potential into above-ground biomass and soil organic stocks and (iii) socio-economic performance (productivity and profitability), and their trade-offs analysed. The effects of agronomic management (conventional versus organic) and shade type (ranging from timber trees to full sun) on the CF of two long-standing CAFS experiments in Costa Rica Nicaragua demonstrated that management is the best predictor of the CF whereas shade type has a minor effect. The greatest contributor to the overall CF was N20 emissions from the input of J in applied organic and inorganic fertilisers. Shade systems with high levels of N input from leguminous tree pruning had the highest CF. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased over the first nine years of coffee bush and shade tree establishment in these experiments, although this differed amongst soil layers. Organically managed systems tended to have an increase in SOC in the top 10 cm of soil, though organic and conventional systems had similar (larger) decreases in SOC in deeper soil. Shade type and above-ground biomass had a smaller effect on SOC. Comparison of the CF of these experimental CAFS treatments with their C sequestration potential showed that increases in GHG emissions from production intensification can be compensated for or even outweighed by the increase in C sequestration into above-ground biomass, especially for shaded systems. However, if less productive, lower intensity CAFS are extended onto an area of currently forested land in order to compensate for the shortfall in profitability (compared with higher-intensity, higher-yielding systems), this land-use change causes additional GHG emissions from deforestation. This results in net GHG emissions for the whole system for the majority of shade types tested. Evaluation of the C and socio-economic performance of coffee farms in the regions around the two experimental sites showed that due to the huge variation amongst CAFS there is no single strategy for climate change mitigation that could successfully be applied across the range of farms. Instead it will be necessary to carry out accurate and site-specific farm assessments to inform advice and decisions on system improvement tailored to the needs of individual farms and environmental settings. The findings of this research suggest that there is a place in the C market for CAFS, however their design and management will determine the overall net benefits that can be achieved.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

9

Fitch-Fleischmann, Benjamin. "Essays on Economic Development and Climate Change". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19232.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The first essay considers the relative effectiveness of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as channels to allocate resources. I use a catastrophic climate-related shock--Hurricane Mitch--to examine the political economy of these channels of aid distribution at the micro level. I combine extensive data on aid received by Nicaraguan households with data on municipal election outcomes and an exogenous, precipitation-based measure of hurricane impact. I find that the hurricane had long-lasting effects on the aid received by households from both NGOs and the government. In the short term, however, the government did not provide aid according to the objective measure of hurricane damage but instead provided aid along political lines. The second essay presents estimates of a relationship between extreme hot temperatures during gestation and a child's subsequent physical well-being in a sample of children in Peru, thus extending existing evidence constructed from U.S. data. Estimates are constructed using high-resolution gridded climate data and geo-coded household surveys. The results suggest that a period of extreme heat (a month whose average temperature is more than 2 standard deviations above the local average) in the period 1 to 3 months before birth is associated with lower weight at birth and a reduction in height (measured 1 to 59 months after birth) that cannot be fully explained by birth weight. There is no evidence of differential maternal investment, as measured by duration of breastfeeding, according to a child's exposure to extreme heat during gestation. The third essay asks whether improved treatment of HIV/AIDS in Africa can be achieved simply by paying health workers to do more. I present estimates of the impact of financial incentives paid to individual workers at public health facilities in Mozambique. The results suggest that piece-rate incentives increased the delivery of five out of fourteen health services for which treatment effects can be identified, with estimated increases ranging from 34 to 157 percent, depending on the particular service. I find no evidence of a corresponding decrease in the delivery of services that are not financially incentivized, suggesting that there is no "crowding out" of intrinsic motivation.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

10

Butterfield, William M. "Prizes for development the political economy of subsidizing good institutional outcomes /". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3230.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 211. Thesis director: Roger Congleton. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-210). Also issued in print.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

11

Peiffer, Douglas P. "Economic aid and the convert in Islamic societies". Multnomah users log in here to view thesis, 2002. http://www.multnomah.edu/intranet/pagesresources/library/Tren.asp?id=001-0848.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

12

Iyogun, Amanele Fidelia. "Opportunities for third world industrialization : dependency theory and the newly industrializing countries". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42006.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This study is an exploration of dependency theory and the Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs). The issues which are addressed are threefold: 1. An exploration of dependency theory, especially the variant of it that is advocated by Frank, Amin and Wallerstein. These authors have constantly maintained that growth is not possible in the Third World as long as the region is integrated into the world capitalist economy. The NICs, particularly Taiwan and South Korea are testimonies that that assumption is not entirely valid because they are incorporated and have also witnessed impressive economic growth. 2. An examination of the debate over the character of the NICs. An analysis of Taiwan and South Korea shows that they have experienced considerable economic growth. However, there is limited transformation in the standard of life of the citizens. 3. The factors that are responsible for the economic growth of Taiwan and South Korea are hypothesized. These factors are both external and internal to these countries. They are (a) a strongly polarized international ideological atmosphere which made these countries client states of the United States of America, (b) an inflow of massive aid from the U.S to these states and (c) the presence of a strong state apparatus in these countries. The state institutions combined internal creativity with the opportunities provided by the international scene to initiate and implement good strategies for their industrial transformation. The lessons other Third World countries can learn from Taiwan and South Korea is that East and West rivalry can create opportunities for strategic countries in the region of conflict. But the internal dynamics of the countries have to be responsible for seizing the chance and for utilizing it well.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

13

Miller, Stuart. "The micro-economic implications of natural disaster risk for developing countries : evidence from Nicaragua". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1955/.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

14

Telleria, Gabriel Martin. "Socio-Economic Impacts of Micro-enterprise Credit in the Informal Sector of Managua, Nicaragua". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33279.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This analysis will characterize the informal sector in Managua, Nicaragua as small-scale units engaged in the production and distribution of goods and services whose primary objective is to generate employment for the participants rather than maximize their profits. Managua's informal sector employs forty-eight percent of the total employed urban population and plays an important role in the development of the country. Historically, informal sector growth has been constrained by the inaccessibility of credit. However in recent years, credit programs that focus on micro-enterprise lending have been established and are significantly stimulating informal sector activities. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of micro-enterprise credit as a tool for promoting socio-economic development for informal-sector participants. Its principal findings are that micro-enterprise credit promotes economic development by generating income and employment, increasing borrower assets, and facilitating expansion of micro-business enterprises. Secondly, micro-enterprise credit promotes social development by empowering females in the home and business, benefits to children, and improving borrowers' personal well being.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

15

Bloed, Arie. "The external relations of the Council for mutual economic assistance /". Dordrecht : Utrecht : M. Nijhoff ; Europa instituut, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37667353q.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

16

Crawford, Paul Ward. "Aiding aid : a monitoring & evaluating framework to enhance international aid effectiveness /". Electronic version, 2004. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20041202.160749/index.html.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

17

Chan, Chi-ming Victor. "Domestic institutions and Japan's foreign economic policy the Japanese economic assistance to Southeast Asia, 1997-1999 /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23242139.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

18

Sigler, Steven M. "Renewing societies : interculturalism and the creative sojourner /". Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100203.142632.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

19

Satu, Shammi Akter. "Foreign aid and capacity building of municipal government selected case studies of Bangladesh /". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41680078.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

20

Jamal, Manal. "After the 'peace processes' : foreign donor assistance and the political economy of marginalization in Palestine and El Salvador". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100629.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Under what circumstances does foreign donor assistance during war-to-peace transitions contribute to the strengthening of civil society and the deepening of democracy? I answer this question through a comparative study of civil society development in the Palestinian territories and El Salvador, where I conducted 130 interviews with directors of donor agencies, grassroots activists, and directors of NGOs. Divergent civil society developments in the Palestinian territories and El Salvador after the signing of peace accords in the early 1990s present a real puzzle given the pre-accord similarities in civil society organization between the two cases. Both the Palestinian territories and El Salvador had a legacy of rich, vibrant grassroots organization and civil society activity during their protracted conflicts. In both settings, grassroots organizations have played central roles in non-violent resistance, consciousness-raising, and the provision of community services. Moreover, after the initiation of the peace processes in both the Palestinian territories and El Salvador, foreign donors provided substantial assistance to civil society groups. However, their civil society developmental paths diverged sharply during the war-to-peace transition. In the Palestinian territories, existing civil society organizations have engaged less actively with their previous grassroots constituencies since the start of the war-to-peace transition, and the number of grassroots-based civil society organizations has decreased. Moreover, many of these organizations have been limited in their access to institutions that engage the state. In El Salvador, the re-constitution of civil society has led to its broad access to institutions that engage the state and to higher levels of grassroots inclusion in the political transformation process.
I argue that these divergent outcomes in the Palestinian territories and El Salvador reflect the differential effects that foreign assistance has on civil society after more or less inclusive political settlements. I find that in cases like the Palestinian territories, where the political settlement excludes important socio-political groups, foreign donor assistance is less likely to contribute to the strengthening of civil society or the deepening of democracy. Rather, foreign donor assistance to civil society is more likely to exacerbate political polarization and weaken civil society by further privileging those select groups already favored by the terms of the non-inclusive settlement. Conversely, after more inclusive political settlements like in El Salvador, foreign donor assistance can play a more constructive role in developing civil society and contributing to the deepening of democracy by encouraging grassroots organization, and expanding access to political institutions that engage the state.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

21

Pieratt, Alan B. "Striving for sustainability the place of values and beliefs in delivering sustainable aid /". [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/apieratt2006.pdf.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

22

Honda, Tomoko. "Japan's aid policy : tension in aid reform for poverty reduction". Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678554.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

23

Bai, Xue. "Evaluation and suggestions on EU development assistance policy". Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2595841.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

24

Chan, Chi-ming Victor, i 陳志明. "Domestic institutions and Japan's foreign economic policy: the Japanese economic assistance to Southeast Asia, 1997-1999". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223941.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

25

Atabong, Etoke Andrew. "Efficient mechanisms for the delivery of development aid : a case study of The South East Consortium for International Development (SECID)". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30315.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

26

Gillies, David 1952. "Commerce over conscience : Canada's foreign aid programme in the 1980s". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61150.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This study is an examination of recent changes in the organisation and activity of Canada's foreign aid programme. Three conceptually distinct categories form the theoretical framework of the study: (a) contending approaches to the study of international relations; (b) contending conceptions of economic growth and development; and (c) contending approaches to the aid policy-making process. The study examines the multiple objectives underlying Canada's aid programme, develops and interprets a series of "aid quality" indices, and undertakes a detailed examination of the aid policy process. Emphasis is placed on tracing the specific combination of domestic "push" and international "pull" factors which have pressured Ottawa into initiatives promoting a closer linkage of the aid and trade facets of government activity. Attention is also drawn to the impact of these initiatives on the developmental objectives of the programme.
The principal finding of the study is that while Canada's aid programme has until recently been able to maintain a precarious balance between the opposing forces of philanthropy and self-interest, there are now unmistakable signs of a deliberate effort to tilt the programme in a more commercial direction. In this trend, the single case of Canada mirrors a more general pattern towards an increasingly commercial orientation in most donor aid programmes.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

27

Chatterjee, Santanu. "Numerical analysis of growth and transitional dynamics in open economies /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7404.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

28

Lennox, Julie G. "A systemic and critical approach to food : a case study of Nicaragua". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66227.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

29

Scheyvens, Henry 1965. "Evaluating aid : the developmental impact of Japan's official development assistance". Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8632.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

30

Sotondoshe, Tolbert Hlanganisile. "Analysis of official development assistance (ODA) in the Eastern Cape Province". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020422.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In this study Official Development Assistance (ODA) is defined as resource flows from international community in the form of grants, technical assistance, support and financial co-operation. Government is held partially responsible or accountable for the management of these resources but not accountable for utilization of direct support to NGOs and private sector. According to the National Treasury’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) 2010 Review Report, the Eastern Cape is the second largest recipient of ODA in relation to other provinces. The province of KwaZulu Natal, ranked number one, and the province of Limpopo was recorded as the third largest recipient of ODA. As such it is recorded that European Union is the greatest funder in the provincial government focusing in the areas of Health, Urban renewal and Local Economic Development source (National Treasury ODA 2010 Review Report). To date, no analysis has been done on ODA in the Eastern Cape. This study seeks to analyse Official Development Assistance in Eastern Cape with a view to identifying constraints and gaps that may be contributing towards the ineffectiveness of ODA in the Eastern Cape.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

31

Faris, Robert Martin. "Conservation and development on the frontier : an assessment of household land use in Nicaragua /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Submitted to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2002.
Adviser: Steve Block. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-195). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

32

Fisher, Joshua B. 1981. "No alternative: Participation, inequality, and the meanings of fair trade in Nicaragua". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10573.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

xvi, 411 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This dissertation research takes an ethnographic perspective on competing notions of "fairness" in the first vertically-integrated garment production chain in the world that is certified as fair trade. In sharp contrast to the straightforward images of social justice that are so common on the consumer end of fair trade, the dissertation demonstrates that relations of fair trade production, distribution, and consumption are complicated by ideological disjunctures, by different experiences of work and labor, by unequal access to capital and political opportunity, by asymmetrical power, and ultimately by disparate concepts of economic justice. Organized as a commodity chain analysis, this dissertation is based on sixteen months of multi-sited, ethnographic research in Nicaragua, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), with four separate fair trade organizations: a faith-based NGO from North Carolina called the Center for Sustainable Development, a well-known Michigan-based fair trade retailer called Clean Clothes Organics, and two Nicaraguan producer organizations, including a women's industrial sewing cooperative (The Fair Trade Zone, which is the first worker-owned organization in the world to gain free trade zone customs certification), and an industrial cotton spinning plant called Genesis. The research shows that, from the standpoint of production and distribution, conflicts frequently emerge over the terms, conditions, and meanings of labor, business contracts, extra-contractual relations, participation in decision-making, and the definition of roles. Producers, moreover, often have no alternative but to accept the terms of more powerful groups under duress of poverty. Theoretically speaking, this dissertation contributes to an understanding of alternative economic formations, including fair trade and cooperatives. In this vein, I argue that the idea of fair trade as an "alternative" to conventional trade is a problematic rhetorical move that tends to obscure the fact that all aspects of trade--production, distribution, and consumption--are not only inherently political, they are also riven with the complications of mediating between disparate cultural meanings, social positionalities, and political, economic, and social inequality. I recommend revisioning the relationship between the economy, the state, and various spheres of society in light of the insights of substantivist economics, feminist political economy, and ethnography.
Committee in charge: Lynn Stephen, Chairperson, Anthropology; Philip Scher, Member, Anthropology; Aletta Biersack, Member, Anthropology; Lise Nelson, Outside Member, Geography

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

33

Turner, Mignon R. "Answering the call for civic engagement how low-income countries plan to involve citizens in poverty reduction /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.39 Mb., 122 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435872.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

34

Moses, Misty Meernik James David. "Who benefits? the effects of foreign aid and foreign direct investment on human rights /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3637.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

35

Drążkiewicz-Grodzicka, Elżbieta Maria. "An emergent donor? : the case of Polish developmental involvement in Africa". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610230.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

36

李鳳屛 i Fung-ping Lee. "China and Indochina: the politics of aid, 1950-78". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209828.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

37

Uzunoglu, Nurettin. "American aid to Turkey, 1947-1963". Istanbul : N. Uzunoglu, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0613/2004635192.html.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

38

Griffiths, Kate. "Culture of aid : Chinese aid to Cambodia". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18188.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia. The United Nations Human Development Index ranks Cambodia as 137 out of 182 countries in terms of quality of life. Cambodia is also an aid dependent country, with nearly half its annual budget coming from aid. Since the Paris Peace Accords in 1991 and subsequent United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, OECD-DAC (Development Assistance Committee) (or 'traditional') donors have entered Cambodia in large numbers. These traditional donors allocate aid according to the OECDDAC consensus. This consensus is based around international agreements such as the Millennium Development Goals, The Pahs Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Monterrey Consensus o f the International Conference on Financing fo r Development. The traditional donors have, since the early 1990s, created and dominated the aid 'culture' in Cambodia. Recently, however, another donor has come to the fore in Cambodia, and that is China. China has strong historical, social and economic links with Cambodia that go back to ancient times. China has been disbursing aid to Cambodia since the 1950s. However, it has only been since 2006 that China has come to the fore as an aid donor, due in part to the large amount of aid it is currently pledging to Cambodia but also to the growing role China is playing on the wider global stage. China is now one of the largest donors to (as well as investors in) Cambodia. China, however, is often considered a 'rogue' donor by the traditional donors both at the global scale and within Cambodia, as China does not conform with DAC policy on aid and development. This leads to certain representations of China that do not always accord with the 'realities' of China's aid program. This thesis explores aid cultures in Cambodia, in particular the encounter between Chinese aid and western aid. Theoretically this thesis situates itself at the intersection between (post)development geography and cultural geography, drawing on ideas such as representation and encounter to understand how Chinese and western aid come together in the context of Cambodia. By doing so, this thesis fills a gap in the existing literature by looking at aid as a culture, and exploring China's aid from a [post]development/cultural geography viewpoint, rather than an economic or international relations stance. Arising from this theoretical stance come three primary research questions: How do those with different cultural sets come together in certain contexts, namely aid; what cultural encounters do we see in this mix between traditional donors and new donors; how do discourses around 'the other' play into aid dialogues in Cambodia? This thesis investigates these research questions through qualitative methods, including interviews, discourse analysis and participant observation. Analysis is undertaken of western aid to Cambodia, with a focus on the history and statistics of aid, aid coordination, development policy and critiques of traditional aid in order to highlight the existing aid culture in Cambodia. An analysis is then undertaken of China's aid to Cambodia, looking at the aid figures and aid structure before investigating representations of China's aid and looking at an indicative case study of one Chinese aid project in Cambodia. Finally the encounter between western aid and Chinese aid is analysed with particular reference to three types of western aid actors in Cambodia and how they encounter and represent China and its aid program. Through the above investigation, three main findings are arrived at: a) that a particularly western aid culture has been created in Cambodia, one which can be seen as a 'site of knowledge' for western aid; b] that Chinese aid is deliberately constructed and represented in certain ways by the West for its own purposes much as Said (1995] outlined in his work Orientalism regarding the relationship between the West and 'the other'; and c) whilst global aid discourses influence the encounter between China and the West in Cambodia, Cambodia itself is not a passive player in this encounter, using it for its own advantage by playing off China and the western donors against one another.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

39

Ellersick, Linda J. "Expanding Fair Trade to Garment Production in Ciudad Sandino, Nicaragua". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1236817596.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

40

Ibanez, Lindsey McKay. "The Reputation Game: Searching for Low-Wage Work in Urban Nicaragua". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531305966893766.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

41

Krasnogolov, Vitaliya O. "Inter Country Analysis of the Effects of Official Development Assistance in Developing Countries on Economic Growth". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1061416160.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

42

Monkam, Nara Françoise Kamo. "The money-moving syndrome and the effectiveness of foreign aid". unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05072008-123507/.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Jorge L. Martinez-Vazquez, committee chair; Roy W. Bahl, Shiferaw Gurmu, John S. Duffield, committee members. Electronic text (178 p. : ill (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 8, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-177).

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

43

Van, Rooy Alison Lorette. "The altruistic lobbyists : the influence of non-governmental organizations on development policy in Canada and Britain". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7327692d-f554-4f67-86e4-ab51e22053fc.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has sparked increased interest in recent years as they have grown in prominence and international activity. The thesis looks at British and Canadian NGOs concerned with overseas development assistance, and asks what influence they have wielded in the formulation of their own governments' development policies. Based on recent policy community writing, a "conceptual map" is devised which suggests that six elements are important for any analysis of influence: context, content, motivations, resources, tactics, and channels. Chapters two to five use these elements to look at the broad "policy communities" in which official development policy is formulated, and to examine the increasing roles and activities of NGOs as lobbyists. Chapters six and seven take a closer look at two specific "policy networks" within those communities: the relationships created around the World Food Conference in 1974 are compared with those existing at the time of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Earth Summit). The thesis concludes that NGOs have had an increasing but limited influence on government policy, given (1) an increase in the activity and influence of NGOs, (2) the greater relevance of certain "elements of influence" over others, and (3) the comparatively stronger influence of Canadian NGOs in relation to their British counterparts. The thesis' contribution to knowledge is based on its use of extensive and original primary sources and interviews in both countries, its application of a policy community approach to a new field in international relations, and its systematic attempt to answer evolving questions about this growing, international, and non-governmental force.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

44

Linebarger, Christopher David. "Foreign aid and democracy a quantitative analysis of the determinants of development assistance /". abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456411.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

45

Svensson, Jennie. "The implementation of children's rights - working with working children in Somoto Nicaragua". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27071.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The United Nations' Convention on the rights of the child presents a legislative framework that nations worldwide through their ratification have promised to aim for. Going from theory to practice this field study intends to investigate how the work to implement the children’s rights is carried out in reality by social institutions in Somoto Nicaragua. This essay specifically looks at how a children’s rights approach is performed in the work with working children and will therefore focus on two rights that protrude as relevant to the target group; the right to education and the right to be protected from hazardous work and economic exploitation. Furthermore, this paper considers existent criticism towards the human rights conventions for being Eurocentric in its visions and not always applicable to local conditions. Therefore the perception of working children locally in Nicaragua is examined to see how well this is in accordance with the legislation on children’s rights or if the social institutions have met difficulties in the implementation. Fundamental in the work carried out by the social institutions has been to raise awareness in the society on the children’s rights. The conclusion is that attitudes to working children have gone through a change since the introduction of a children’s rights approach in Somoto, but what remains the major obstacle to implementation is the restricted access to economic resources.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

46

Mark, Heather Randall Crystal Jill. "The role of United States foreign policy in global adoption of democratic governance". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2005/SPRING/Political_Science/Dissertation/MARK_HEATHER_25.pdf.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

47

Li, Yuk-shing Kevin. "Urban poverty and poverty reduction programs in Bangkok and Shanghai". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23457314.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

48

Anong, Moussa Moses. "Official development assistance as a means to poverty alleviation: evidence from Cameroon". Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13800.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Despite the increased popularity of development aid flows from rich nations to poorer ones in the form of Official Development Assistance (ODA), rampant poverty still prevails in the recipient nations. This perhaps explains the lingering debate on the effectiveness of ODA in curbing poverty. Based on Cameroon, this study aims to ascertain if ODA can be relied upon as a tool to fight poverty. The researcher seeks to determine if ODA disbursed to Cameroon has resulted in poverty alleviation among the impoverished from 1980 to 2014, be it directly or indirectly. To this effect, the first research question looks at what the possible causes of poverty in Cameroon are. The second research question dwells on the pattern of ODA to Cameroon over the study period from 1980 to 2014. The final research question seeks to determine the Cameroonian poverty levels over the same period. The definition of poverty in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI) and its three poverty determinants as utilized by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is adopted as a theoretical base for this research. These determinants of poverty are life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. While the literature review is utilised to outline the on-going debate on the effects of ODA on economic growth and poverty alleviation, it equally provides possible causes of poverty in Cameroon. These include the prevalence of factors such as poor governance, the swindling of public funds without fear, the normalisation of bribes in return for public services, the lack of decentralized administrative and civil services, and the disproportionate distribution of state earnings. Meanwhile, secondary published data sourced from reputable multilateral bodies is used to determine the trend of ODA to Cameroon over the period from 1980 to 2014. This is then correlated with poverty figures over the same period as expressed by the three human development factors or poverty determinants. The research adopts a quantitative approach as correlations and regressions of obtained secondary data are made used of. The results of the correlations reveal that ODA may not be relied upon as a tool for alleviating poverty in Cameroon due to the statistically insignificant relationships it seems to display with all three poverty determinants. The regression results show on the one hand that ODA has insignificant relationships with life expectancy at birth and mean years of schooling, while on the other hand, ODA and GNI per capita display an inverse relationship that is judged to be statistically significant. High ODA figures can therefore be associated with lower GNI per capita values in Cameroon, based on this study. This means that ODA can be assumed to negatively affect the real income of Cameroonians. A reduction in real income might equally lead to a reduced potential to afford basic necessities like healthcare, schooling and housing. As these essentials are not provided for free in Cameroon, this reduced real income may further be held responsible for an overall deterioration of the quality of life. Based on the above findings, the researcher recommends that aid recipient governments put in place supportive systems and strong institutions that are void of corruption and unnecessary bureaucracy so as to better benefit from foreign aid inflows. African countries like Cameroon also need to develop their internal resources and use them to finance and promote their own growth instead of rely on donor funding with diminishing returns. Likewise, the government needs to improve its level of human development through diverting more funds towards developing and facilitating the poor’s access to the country’s education, healthcare, road network and basic amenities like water and sanitation. Finally, inflows in the form of loans rather than grants can better be utilized to promote positive economic growth. While loans are mostly diverted to productive activities, grants may promote dependency, rent-seeking behaviour and bureaucracy. This study is one of the few that relies on country-level data. Most existing studies on foreign aid and its related effects on poverty alleviation were conducted using cross-country data.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

49

Clarke-Okah, Willie. "Partnerships in sector-wide programming in education in Tanzania : narratives of experience". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84495.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Partnership, the pre-eminent buzzword of the last two decades, is still very much the mantra in development cooperation discourse, at least in the North, as we begin the new millennium. This posthoc retrospective study is an insider's account of personal experience in participating and observing the development of Tanzania's Education Sector Development Program over a one-year period in 1998--1999. The study interrogates the workings of Donor-Government partnerships within this setting in an attempt to unravel the realities on the ground in their relationships and how the power asymmetry between these principal actors and their concomitant behaviour served to subvert the effectiveness and sustainability of the partnership.
This study in development anthropology is scaffolded by the epistemic orientation of postmodern theories. The approaches adopted for constructing and telling the stories that are narrated are borrowed from the interpretive anthropology of Clifford Geertz and the postmodern anthropology of James Clifford. Looking back and recollecting and reconstructing events required the generation of enabling memories, for which the memory-work method was adapted and used.
The study reveals that the hegemonic rituals that characterized development interventions in Tanzania bordered more on patronage than on partnership. Partnership was very much valued in principle by all parties but when the chips were down, it seemed ownership and trust, two key concepts undergirding partnership, were casualties in the complex dance of cooperation that the contending parties engaged in. They dealt with each other politely but suspicion and mistrust were mutual at the level of Donor-Government and in situ Centre-Periphery relationships.
A modest proposal is advanced for understanding the broader context of a Donor-Government relationship; it attempts to relate operational and policy horizontality to include a more vertical consultative process involving civil society at large, particularly affected communities, NGOs and the private sector as a means of engendering a more effective and sustainable partnership between donors and recipient1 countries.
1The normative perspective in particular on North-South relations rejects recipient as an appropriate descriptive term for a developing country receiving aid. For them, it connotes a superiority complex embedded in a language of welfarism. Throughout this thesis, I use recipient simply to convey a brutal reality: development assistance involves an element of charity and in the North-South relationship, generally, one party gives and the other receives , with the giver in a much stronger position to lay down conditions for the aid being offered.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

50

Tabbasum, Salamat Ali. "The political economy of the United States aid for development and democracy in Pakistan since 2002". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708280.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Economic assistance in Nicaragua”

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych