Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Ecology – australasia – history”
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Schmid, Rudolf, i P. S. Short. "History of Systematic Botany in Australasia". Taxon 39, nr 4 (listopad 1990): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223378.
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Hamer, Matthew T., Andy D. Marquis i Benoit Guénard. "Strumigenys perplexa (Smith, 1876) (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) a new exotic ant to Europe with establishment in Guernsey, Channel Islands". Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83 (28.06.2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.83.66829.
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Ants are continually introduced into regions outside of their natural biogeographic ranges via global trade. The genus Strumigenys Smith 1860 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) are minute predators with a growing history of global introductions, although tropical introductions into temperate zones are rarely able to establish outside of heated infrastructures. We report the first record of the Australasian Strumigenys perplexa (Smith 1876) to Europe and the British Isles from four sites on Guernsey, Channel Islands. This novel discovery is likely attributable to the species wide climatic and habitat tolerances, enabling the species to establish away from its natural range in Australasia and from heated-infrastructure. A key to the West Palaearctic Strumigenys species is provided alongside a preliminary and critical checklist of ant species recorded from the Channel Island archipelago, listing 32 species.
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Baker, Cindy F., Carla Riva Rossi, Pamela Quiroga, Emily White, Peter Williams, Jane Kitson, Christopher M. Bice i in. "Morphometric and physical characteristics distinguishing adult Patagonian lamprey, Geotria macrostoma from the pouched lamprey, Geotria australis". PLOS ONE 16, nr 5 (5.05.2021): e0250601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250601.
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The pouched lamprey, Geotria australis Gray, 1851, has long been considered monotypic in the Geotriidae family with a wide southern temperate distribution across Australasia and South America. Recent studies have provided molecular and morphological evidence for a second Geotria species in South America; Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868). The aim of this study was to determine morphometric and physical characteristics of adult G. macrostoma that further differentiate this re-instated species of Geotriidae from G. australis. The diagnostic features discriminating immature adult G. macrostoma from G. australis when entering fresh water, are distinct differences in dentition, oral papillae and fimbriae counts and differences in coloration. In addition, G. macrostoma display greater growth of the prebranchial region and oral disc and has a deeper body depth and higher condition factor. All current ecological knowledge of the genus Geotria is based on Australasian populations, which may not be applicable to G. macrostoma. To ensure the conservation and protection of the Patagonian lamprey as a re-identified species, further investigations are needed to understand its life history, biology and ecology throughout its range.
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Miller, Kelly K. "Human dimensions of wildlife population management in Australasia - history, approaches and directions". Wildlife Research 36, nr 1 (2009): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08006.
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It is now widely accepted that it is important to understand the ‘human dimensions’ of wildlife management issues in order to achieve management goals. This growing field of study was born in the 1960s and involves an examination of societal values, knowledge and behaviours associated with wildlife and wildlife management issues. This paper provides an overview of the history and directions in human dimensions research, focusing specifically on its application for wildlife population management in Australasia (in particular, Australia and New Zealand). It also provides a ‘toolkit’ of methods and approaches for those wishing to undertake, interpret or utilise human dimensions enquiries.
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ZILBERMAN, BRUNO, RENAN KOBAL DE OLIVEIRA ALVES CARDOSO, CARLOS M. PIRES-SILVA i ISABEL ALVES DOS SANTOS. "Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competitionin pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)". Zootaxa 5264, nr 3 (14.04.2023): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.8.
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Microlia Casey is a genus of small rove beetles from the New World and Australasia. Many species are recorded to be associated with the flowers of Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, and Monimiaceae. In this work, a new species from Brazil associated with flowers of Cayaponia (Cucurbitaceae), Microlia cayaponia Zilberman & Pires-Silva sp. nov., is described and illustrated. Aspects of its natural history are also investigated, with insights on foraging, reproduction, and the supposed impact on the plant and pollinator’s fitness.
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Uetz, Peter, Alex Slavenko, Shai Meiri i Matthew Heinicke. "Gecko diversity: a history of global discovery". Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 66, nr 3-4 (6.11.2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-bja10003.
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1935 gecko species (and 224 subspecies) were known in December 2019 in seven families and 124 genera. These nearly 2000 species were described by ~950 individuals of whom more than 100 described more than 10 gecko species each. Most gecko species were discovered during the past 40 years. The primary type specimens of all currently recognized geckos (including subspecies) are distributed over 161 collections worldwide, with 20 collections having about two thirds of all primary types. The primary type specimens of about 40 gecko taxa have been lost or unknown. The phylogeny of geckos is well studied, with DNA sequences being available for ~76% of all geckos (compared to ~63% in other reptiles) and morphological characters now being collected in databases. Geographically, geckos occur on five continents and many islands but are most species-rich in Australasia (which also houses the greatest diversity of family-level taxa), Southeast Asia, Africa, Madagascar, and the West Indies. Among countries, Australia has the highest number of geckos (241 species), with India, Madagascar, and Malaysia being the only other countries with more than 100 described species each. As expected, when correcting for land area, countries outside the tropics have fewer geckos.
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Smith, Helen M. "A revision of the genus Poltys in Australasia (Araneae: Araneidae)". Records of the Australian Museum 58, nr 1 (10.05.2006): 43–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.58.2006.1465.
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Turk, Eva, Jason E. Bond, Ren-Chung Cheng, Klemen Čandek, Chris A. Hamilton, Matjaž Gregorič, Simona Kralj-Fišer i Matjaž Kuntner. "A Natural Colonisation of Asia: Phylogenomic and Biogeographic History of Coin Spiders (Araneae: Nephilidae: Herennia)". Diversity 13, nr 11 (22.10.2021): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110515.
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Reconstructing biogeographic history is challenging when dispersal biology of studied species is poorly understood, and they have undergone a complex geological past. Here, we reconstruct the origin and subsequent dispersal of coin spiders (Nephilidae: Herennia Thorell), a clade of 14 species inhabiting tropical Asia and Australasia. Specifically, we test whether the all-Asian range of Herennia multipuncta is natural vs. anthropogenic. We combine Anchored Hybrid Enrichment phylogenomic and classical marker phylogenetic data to infer species and population phylogenies. Our biogeographical analyses follow two alternative dispersal models: ballooning vs. walking. Following these assumptions and considering measured distances between geographical areas through temporal intervals, these models infer ancestral areas based on varying dispersal probabilities through geological time. We recover a wide ancestral range of Herennia including Australia, mainland SE Asia and the Philippines. Both models agree that H. multipuncta internal splits are generally too old to be influenced by humans, thereby implying its natural colonisation of Asia, but suggest quite different colonisation routes of H. multipuncta populations. The results of the ballooning model are more parsimonious as they invoke fewer chance dispersals over large distances. We speculate that coin spiders’ ancestor may have lost the ability to balloon, but that H. multipuncta regained it, thereby colonising and maintaining larger areas.
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BUCSEK, KAROL, i MICHAL RINDOŠ. "Description of a new species from the genus Eugoa Walker, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from the Solomon Islands". Zootaxa 4504, nr 1 (23.10.2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.8.
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The genus Eugoa Walker, 1858 belongs to the tribe Lithosiini and occurs across the Old World, excluding the Western Palearctic Region. Currently, it contains around 120 species, most of them distributed across Asia (Bucsek 2016a, b; Dubatolov & Bucsek 2016; Schaus 1922). Ten additional species have been described from Australasia (Bethune-Baker 1904; Rothschild 1915). Since the 19th century, several authors have addressed the taxonomy of the genus Eugoa (Buscek 2008, 2012, 2016a, b; Černý & Bucsek 2014; Hampson 1891, 1898, 1900; Rothschild 1915; Seitz 1914; Van Eecke 1930), but only a few described their habitat preferences (e.g. Holloway 2001). These small to medium sized moths with brown, or brown—cream coloured forewings inhabit a wide range of forest types (e.g. alluvial, dipterocarp, heath, kerangas, etc.) from mangroves and lowland-coastal forests (about 300m asl) up to upper montane forests (about 1500 m asl). Unfortunately, life history data for species in the genus Eugoa still remain unavailable.
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Donovan, Michael P., Peter Wilf, Ari Iglesias, N. Rubén Cúneo i Conrad C. Labandeira. "Insect herbivore and fungal communities on Agathis (Araucariaceae) from the latest Cretaceous to Recent". PhytoKeys 226 (26.05.2023): 109–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.226.99316.
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Agathis (Araucariaceae) is a genus of broadleaved conifers that today inhabits lowland to upper montane rainforests of Australasia and Southeast Asia. A previous report showed that the earliest known fossils of the genus, from the early Paleogene and possibly latest Cretaceous of Patagonian Argentina, host diverse assemblages of insect and fungal associations, including distinctive leaf mines. Here, we provide complete documentation of the fossilized Agathis herbivore communities from Cretaceous to Recent, describing and comparing insect and fungal damage on Agathis across four latest Cretaceous to early Paleogene time slices in Patagonia with that on 15 extant species. Notable fossil associations include various types of external foliage feeding, leaf mines, galls, and a rust fungus. In addition, enigmatic structures, possibly armored scale insect (Diaspididae) covers or galls, occur on Agathis over a 16-million-year period in the early Paleogene. The extant Agathis species, throughout the range of the genus, are associated with a diverse array of mostly undescribed damage similar to the fossils, demonstrating the importance of Agathis as a host of diverse insect herbivores and pathogens and their little-known evolutionary history.
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McKenzie, P. F., i Alecia Bellgrove. "No outbreeding depression at a regional scale for a habitat-forming intertidal alga with limited dispersal". Marine and Freshwater Research 57, nr 6 (2006): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05078.
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Hormosira banksii is distributed throughout southern Australasia, but dispersal of propagules is thought to be limited. In the present study, the hypothesis that outbreeding depression occurs in H. banksii was tested by assessing fertilisation success and early development of embryos in crosses between populations at local to regional spatial scales. Hierarchical experiments were conducted at three spatial scales with nesting present within each scale: small scale (within a rocky shore population), intermediate scale (regions separated by 70 km) and large scale (450-km separation between two states: Victoria and Tasmania). In each experiment, eggs and sperm were crossed within and between each population located in the spatial scale of interest. There were no consistent patterns of variable fertilisation success and subsequent development within a population or at different spatial scales. It was concluded that outbreeding depression is not detected in analyses of fertilisation success or early development processes in H. banksii. The results suggest one of the following to be likely: (1) H. banksii is capable of longer distance dispersal than previously considered, thus maintaining gene flow between distant populations, (2) gene flow is restricted by limited dispersal, but populations have not been isolated for a sufficient length of time to cause genetic divergence or (3) outbreeding depression is manifested as effects on later life-history stages.
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Kimber, RG. "Book Review - 'The Simpson Desert - Natural History and Human Endeavour' by Mark Shephard. Published by The Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (South Australian Branch) Inc. and Giles Publications, Adelaide." Rangeland Journal 15, nr 1 (1993): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930177.
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McAlpine, David K. "The surge flies (Diptera: Canacidae: Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinid-canacid morphology and relationships". Records of the Australian Museum 59, nr 1 (30.05.2007): 27–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.59.2007.1468.
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Réblová, Martina, Miroslav Kolařík, Jana Nekvindová, Kamila Réblová, František Sklenář, Andrew N. Miller i Margarita Hernández-Restrepo. "Phylogenetic Reassessment, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of Codinaea and Similar Fungi". Journal of Fungi 7, nr 12 (20.12.2021): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121097.
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The genus Codinaea is a phialidic, dematiaceous hyphomycete known for its intriguing morphology and turbulent taxonomic history. This polyphasic study represents a new, comprehensive view on the taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography of Codinaea and its relatives. Phylogenetic analyses of three nuclear loci confirmed that Codinaea is polyphyletic. The generic concept was emended; it includes four morphotypes that contribute to its morphological complexity. Ancestral inference showed that the evolution of some traits is correlated and that these traits previously used to delimit taxa at the generic level occur in species that were shown to be congeneric. Five lineages of Codinaea-like fungi were recognized and introduced as new genera: Codinaeella, Nimesporella, Stilbochaeta, Tainosphaeriella, and Xyladelphia. Dual DNA barcoding facilitated identification at the species level. Codinaea and its segregates thrive on decaying plants, rarely occurring as endophytes or plant pathogens. Environmental ITS sequences indicate that they are common in bulk soil. The geographic distribution found using GlobalFungi database was consistent with known data. Most species are distributed in either the Holarctic realm or tropical geographic regions. The ancestral climatic zone was temperate, followed by transitions to the tropics; these fungi evolved primarily in Eurasia and Americas, with subsequent transitions to Africa and Australasia.
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Luo, Yufa, Seok P. Goh, Daiqin Li, Marcelo O. Gonzaga, Adalberto J. Santos, Akio Tanikawa, Hajime Yoshida i in. "Global Diversification of Anelosimus Spiders Driven by Long-Distance Overwater Dispersal and Neogene Climate Oscillations". Systematic Biology 69, nr 6 (11.05.2020): 1122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa017.
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Abstract Vicariance and dispersal events, combined with intricate global climatic history, have left an imprint on the spatiotemporal distribution and diversity of many organisms. Anelosimus cobweb spiders (Theridiidae), are organisms ranging in behavior from solitary to highly social, with a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate to tropical areas. Their evolutionary history and the discontinuous distribution of species richness suggest that 1) long-distance overwater dispersal and 2) climate change during the Neogene (23–2.6 Ma), may be major factors in explaining their distribution and diversification. Here, we test these hypotheses, and explicitly test if global Miocene/Pliocene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma affected Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar. To do so, we investigate the phylogeny and spatiotemporal biogeography of Anelosimus through a culmination of a 20-year comprehensive global sampling at the species level (69 species, including 84% of the known 75 species worldwide, represented by 268 individuals) using nucleotide data from seven loci (5.5 kb). Our results strongly support the monophyly of Anelosimus with an Oligocene ($\sim $30 Ma) South American origin. Major clades on other continents originate via multiple, long-distance dispersal events, of solitary or subsocial—but not social—lineages, from the Americas. These intercontinental dispersals were to Africa, Madagascar (twice), and SE Asia/Australasia. The early diversification of Anelosimus spiders coincides with a sudden thermal increase in the late Oligocene ($\sim $27–25 Ma), though no causal connection can be made. Our results, however, strongly support the hypothesis that global Neogene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma drove Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar, offering a rare empirical evidence for diversification of a socially diverse group driven by an interplay between long-distance dispersal and global Neogene climatic changes. [Cobweb spiders; diversification; global biogeography; long-distance dispersal; molecular phylogenetics; neogene climate changes; sociality; vicariance.]
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SALDIVIA, PATRICIO, KENNETH R. WOOD, DAVID A. ORLOVICH i JANICE M. LORD. "Pacifigeron indivisus (Asteraceae: Astereae), a new species endemic to Rapa, Austral Islands, and a new delimitation of the Celmisia group". Phytotaxa 442, nr 4 (13.05.2020): 239–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.4.1.
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This study reports, based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and a morphological assessment, the second species of Pacifigeron, an endemic genus of Rapa Island in French Polynesia. Detailed morphological and ecological descriptions, illustrations, IUCN Red List assessment, and a distributional map are provided. Our results support the exclusion of Pacifigeron from the Celmisia group and also allow the re-circumscription of the Celmisia group. The new species Pacifigeron indivisus can be differentiated from P. rapensis, among other characters, by its larger leaves, larger number of capitula per capitulescence, corollas lacking long uniseriate multicellular trichomes, style of the disc florets undivided, and absence of twin trichomes on the cypsela epidermis. Molecular data indicates that Pacifigeron is related to South American Andean genera rather than to the Celmisia group as was previously proposed. The Celmisia group is here re-circumscribed to include ca. 159 species distributed in Australasia within the following genera: Celmisia, Damnamenia, Olearia pro parte, Pachystegia, and Pleurophyllum. Given the taxonomic complexity and polyphyletic nature of Olearia, its taxonomy is briefly reviewed based on history, morphology, and phylogenetic evidence, which in turn allows delineation of its species composition within the Celmisia group. None of the Olearia species in the Celmisia group can be retained in Olearia since the type species, O. tomentosa, does not belong to the Celmisia group.
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Jones, Penelope J., Ian Thomas i Michael-Shawn Fletcher. "Long-term environmental change in eastern Tasmania: Vegetation, climate and fire at Stoney Lagoon". Holocene 27, nr 9 (16.02.2017): 1340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617690591.
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Tasmania’s dry, inland east is ideally positioned to inform models of late Quaternary environmental change in southern Australasia. Despite this, it remains poorly represented in the palaeoecological record. Here, we seek to address this with a >13,000-year vegetation and fire history from Stoney Lagoon, a site at the eastern margin of Tasmania’s inland Midlands plains. Pollen and charcoal analysis indicates that here, a relatively moist early deglacial was followed by a dry later deglacial (ca. 14,000–12,000 cal. BP), when sclerophyll forests became well established and burning increased. This suggests that the Midlands’ vegetation responded to the climatic signals characterising Australia’s south-eastern coast rather than those governing developments in western Tasmania. Dry sclerophyll forest persisted throughout the Holocene; with a pronounced transition from more to less grassy understoreys between ca. 9000 and 7000 cal. BP. From the mid-Holocene, the sclerophyll community remains relatively stable. However, increased fire activity and trends in moisture-sensitive taxa suggest generally drier conditions coupled with greater hydroclimatic variability under the strengthening influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Overall, these results highlight the role of macro-scale climatic shifts in shaping vegetation development in Tasmania’s inland east, while hinting at the concurrent importance of local ecological drivers. This highlights the need for spatially diverse studies to understand interactions between drivers of long-term environmental change in sub-humid southern Australia. This research also supports conservation by strengthening understandings of pre-colonial baselines in this highly modified landscape.
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MYERS, ALAN. "The conquest of land by the Amphipoda (Senticaudata, Talitroidea) explained by global tectonics and vicariance". Zootaxa 5214, nr 2 (1.12.2022): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.2.4.
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The Talitroidea originated from a marine ancestor in the amphipod family Hyalidae that colonised marshy land flooded occasionally by the sea. From there, some descendants migrated inland along river catchments, as their terrestrial adaptations evolved, becoming riparian. Over time they colonised moist habitats in fields and forests. The superfamily Talitroidea comprises all known terrestrial amphipods and it has an almost worldwide distribution, but families have discrete distributions. Because all amphipods release fully formed young and have no dispersive phase in their life history, their potential for dispersal is extremely limited. Terrestrial talitroids are particularly constrained on a global scale, because their adaptations for terrestrial life prevent them from crossing seas or oceans. It has been hypothesised that Talitridae living on marine shores might traverse oceans on rafts of detached wrack. Support for this might be the fact that beach hoppers are the most widely distributed of the Talitroidea. However, they have been shown to abandon floating objects actively and several attempts to explain specific cases of talitrid distributions by implicating rafting have been falsified. The broad distributions of Talitroidea across the globe can be explained parsimoniously only by vicariance. The family Arcitalitridae is, with one exception, endemic to Australasia and South Africa, which have been separated from one another since the late Jurrasic c.150Ma. The exception is provided by two genera in Indochina, which probably arrived in Laurasia when India, which had been part of east Gondwana, accreted to Laurasia in the Miocene. However, terranes separated from the margins of Gondwana in the late Triassic-early Jurrasic and then accreted as allochthonous terranes to Laurasia, so the possibility of arcitalitrids arriving in Laurasia at that time, cannot be excluded. The family Makawidae, which is endemic to Zealandia and Tasmania, probably attained it’s current distribution through the expansion of the Tasman Sea in the Cretaceous.
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Gunter, Nicole L., Geoff B. Monteith, Stephen L. Cameron i Tom A. Weir. "Evidence from Australian mesic zone dung beetles supports their Gondwanan origin and Mesozoic diversification of the Scarabaeinae". Insect Systematics & Evolution 50, nr 2 (9.04.2019): 162–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-00002171.
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The evolution of dung beetles remains contentious with two hypotheses reflecting Cretaceous and Paleogene origins driven by different methods. We explore biogeographic evidence and phylogeographic origins against vicariance and dispersal scenarios that attribute to the four elements of the Australian fauna using a multi-gene approach. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses supported the Australasian clade, composed of almost all Australian, New Caledonian and New Zealand endemic genera (to the exclusion of Boletoscapter). Two Australian lineages with east-west splits and few lineages with restricted, non-overlapping distrbution were identified, and biogeography models provided evidence that vicariance and founder event speciation are important processes in the diversification of Australasian scarabaeines. Our phylogenetic results are largely congruent with a mid-Cretaceous origin of the Australasian clade, the tectonic history of Gondwanaland and climatic history of the Australian continent, and provide compelling evidence that Australian dung beetles are a relictual fauna whose history is linked to mesic zone fragmentation.
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Hawksworth, D. L. "A revision of the lichen genus Xanthoparmelia in Australasia. By John A. Elix, Jen Johnston & Patricia M. Armstrong. [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany, vol. 15, part 3, pp. 163–362.] London: British Museum (Natural History). 18 12 1986. Pp. 200, 42 figures, 117 maps, 5 tables. ISBN 0 565 08013 X. Price £38." Lichenologist 20, nr 3 (lipiec 1988): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282988000398.
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Houston, C. Stuart. ":Contributions to the History of Australasian Ornithology". Auk 126, nr 3 (lipiec 2009): 700–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.4709.
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Meek, Paul D., Guy-Anthony Ballard, Karl Vernes i Peter J. S. Fleming. "The history of wildlife camera trapping as a survey tool in Australia". Australian Mammalogy 37, nr 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14021.
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This paper provides an historical review of the technological evolution of camera trapping as a zoological survey tool in Australia. Camera trapping in Australia began in the 1950s when purpose-built remotely placed cameras were used in attempts to rediscover the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus). However, camera traps did not appear in Australian research papers and Australasian conference proceedings until 1989–91, and usage became common only after 2008, with an exponential increase in usage since 2010. Initially, Australian publications under-reported camera trapping methods, often failing to provide fundamental details about deployment and use. However, rigour in reporting of key methods has increased during the recent widespread adoption of camera trapping. Our analysis also reveals a change in camera trap use in Australia, from simple presence–absence studies, to more theoretical and experimental approaches related to population ecology, behavioural ecology, conservation biology and wildlife management. Practitioners require further research to refine and standardise camera trap methods to ensure that unbiased and scientifically rigorous data are obtained from quantitative research. The recent change in emphasis of camera trapping research use is reflected in the decreasing range of camera trap models being used in Australian research. Practitioners are moving away from less effective models that have slow reaction times between detection and image capture, and inherent bias in detectability of fauna, to more expensive brands that offer faster speeds, greater functionality and more reliability.
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Bradford, Tessa M., Rafał Ruta, Steven J. B. Cooper, María L. Libonatti i Chris H. S. Watts. "Evolutionary history of the Australasian Scirtinae (Scirtidae; Coleoptera) inferred from ultraconserved elements". Invertebrate Systematics 36, nr 4 (4.05.2022): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is21053.
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The Scirtidae Fleming, 1821 has been identified as one of the earliest diverging groups of Polyphagan beetles and is particularly speciose in Australia. However, very little is known about the origin of the Australian scirtids and there is a need for a robust, well-supported phylogeny to guide the genus and species descriptions and understand the relationships among taxa. In this study we carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the Australian Scirtinae Fleming, 1821, using DNA sequence data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and included representative taxa from New Zealand, New Caledonia, South America, South Africa and Eurasia in the analysis. Bayesian analyses of a concatenated dataset from 79 taxa recovered four major Southern Hemisphere groupings and two Australian–Eurasian groupings. The Veronatus group mainly consisted of genera from New Zealand, with the three Australian representatives only distantly related to each other. Relaxed molecular clock analyses, using the estimated age of the crown node of the Polyphaga for calibration, support a Gondwanan history for four of the groups of Australian Scirtinae and a northern origin for two groups. Our results highlight the value of commercially available UCEs for resolving the phylogenetic history of ancient groups of Coleoptera.
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Adams, LG. "Chionogentias (Gentianaceae), a new generic name for the Australasian 'snow-gentians', and a revision of the Australian species". Australian Systematic Botany 8, nr 5 (1995): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9950935.
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The taxonomic and nomenclatural history of the Australasian snow-gentians (Gentianaceae) is reviewed and includes: (a) the state of its taxonomy in Australia; (b) the current tribal and subtribal context; (c) the status of the infra-generic basionym Oreophylax Endl.; (d) the status of sections Andicola Griseb. and Antarctophila Griseb., and (e) the question of generic relevance of Gentianella Moench, Selatium G.Don, Ulostoma G.Don and Pitygentias Gilg. Past confusion within the Australasian component involving misapplication of the names G. montana G.Forst., G. saxosa GForst. and G. diemensis Griseb. is resolved. The morphology, floral biology and breeding system of the purely Australasian elements are analysed and evidence is presented that justifies their taxonomic segregation as a new genus, Chionogentias L.G.Adams, gen. nov., typified by the New Zealand Chionogentias saxosa (G.Forst.) L.G.Adams. A key to Australian taxa is provided; 14 species and 10 subspecies are recorded for Australia, of which 12 and 8 respectively are newly described. New combinations are made for 27 Australasian species originally described under Gentiana: Chionogentias antarctica (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. antipoda (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. astonii (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. bellidifolia (Hook.f.) L.G.Adams, C. cerina (H0ok.f.) L.G.Adams, C. chathamica (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams, C. concinna (Hook.f.) L.G.Adams, C. cotymbifera (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. diemensis (Griseb.) L.G.Adams, C. divisa (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. filipes (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams, C. gibbsii (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. gracilifolia (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams, C. grisebachii (H0ok.f.) L.G.Adams, C. lilliputiana (C.J.Webb) L.G.Adams, C. lineata (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. matthewsii (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. montana (G.Forst.) L.G.Adams, C. patula (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. pleurogynoides (Griseb.) L.G.Adams, C. saxosa (G.Forst.) L.G.Adams, C. serotina (Cockayne) L.G.Adams, C. spenceri (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. tenuifolia (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. tereticaulis (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. townsonii (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams and C. vernicosa (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams.
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Adams, LG. "Corrigenda — Chionogentias (Gentianaceae), a new generic name for the Australasian 'snow-gentians', and a revision of the Australian species". Australian Systematic Botany 8, nr 5 (1995): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9950935c.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The taxonomic and nomenclatural history of the Australasian snow-gentians (Gentianaceae) is reviewed and includes: (a) the state of its taxonomy in Australia; (b) the current tribal and subtribal context; (c) the status of the infra-generic basionym Oreophylax Endl.; (d) the status of sections Andicola Griseb. and Antarctophila Griseb., and (e) the question of generic relevance of Gentianella Moench, Selatium G.Don, Ulostoma G.Don and Pitygentias Gilg. Past confusion within the Australasian component involving misapplication of the names G. montana G.Forst., G. saxosa GForst. and G. diemensis Griseb. is resolved. The morphology, floral biology and breeding system of the purely Australasian elements are analysed and evidence is presented that justifies their taxonomic segregation as a new genus, Chionogentias L.G.Adams, gen. nov., typified by the New Zealand Chionogentias saxosa (G.Forst.) L.G.Adams. A key to Australian taxa is provided; 14 species and 10 subspecies are recorded for Australia, of which 12 and 8 respectively are newly described. New combinations are made for 27 Australasian species originally described under Gentiana: Chionogentias antarctica (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. antipoda (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. astonii (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. bellidifolia (Hook.f.) L.G.Adams, C. cerina (H0ok.f.) L.G.Adams, C. chathamica (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams, C. concinna (Hook.f.) L.G.Adams, C. cotymbifera (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. diemensis (Griseb.) L.G.Adams, C. divisa (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. filipes (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams, C. gibbsii (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. gracilifolia (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams, C. grisebachii (H0ok.f.) L.G.Adams, C. lilliputiana (C.J.Webb) L.G.Adams, C. lineata (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. matthewsii (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. montana (G.Forst.) L.G.Adams, C. patula (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. pleurogynoides (Griseb.) L.G.Adams, C. saxosa (G.Forst.) L.G.Adams, C. serotina (Cockayne) L.G.Adams, C. spenceri (Kirk) L.G.Adams, C. tenuifolia (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. tereticaulis (Petrie) L.G.Adams, C. townsonii (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams and C. vernicosa (Cheeseman) L.G.Adams.
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Debenham, ML. "The biting midge genus Forcipomyia (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) in the Australasian region (Exclusive of New Zealand). I. Introduction, key to subgenera, and the Thyridomyia and Trichohelea groups of subgenera". Invertebrate Systematics 1, nr 1 (1987): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9870035.
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Specimens of the genus Forcipomyia are among the most commonly encountered in biting midge collections in Australia, but until recently no systematic studies of the genus have been undertaken. The present author has published taxonomic studies of Australasian Region species of the subgenera Lasiohelea and Dacnoforcipomyia, and (with W. W. Wirth) of Euprojoannisia; the remaining subgenera are now examined. In this first part a key to the Australasian Region subgenera, and a study of those subgenera related to Thyridomyia and Trichohelea, are presented. These are: Thyridomyia Saunders (three previously described species); Synthyridomyia Saunders (six new species: caestuum, oryx, bucera, tympanista, operimenti, ansericolli); Collessohelea, subgen. nov. (one new species, yungurara); Blantonia Wirth & Dow (one new species, testudo); Schineromyia, subgen. nov. (one new species, gandangara); Trichohelea Goetghebuer (16 species, of which 10 - ferrea, cliens, imparidentes, alienus, sector, chirurgus, scorpio, lunata, arcis, tumulus - are new); Typhonomyia, subgen. nov. (one new species, anachoreta); Herakleohelea, subgen. nov. (one new species, grallator); Kattangomyia, subgen. nov. (two new species: taurus, orbis); Pterobosca Macfie (five previously described species); and Phytohelea Remm (five species, of which one - forfices - is new). For each subgenus the history of the taxon and its recorded biology are summarised, and the relationships of the Australasian species to other faunas are discussed. The interrelationships of the subgenera are also considered. The Japanese species Dasyhelea crinume Tokunaga, 1932 (subsequently (1934) transferred by its author to Apelma sensu Saunders = Phytohelea), which was described in all stages, is transferred to subgenus Pterobosca, where it provides important amplification of the subgeneric diagnosis.
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Rix, Michael G. "Systematics of the Australasian spider family Pararchaeidae (Arachnida:Araneae)". Invertebrate Systematics 20, nr 2 (2006): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is05032.
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The Pararchaeidae, a family of cryptic spiders known only from Australia and New Zealand, is revised. Six new genera: Anarchaea, gen. nov., Flavarchaea, gen. nov., Forstrarchaea, gen. nov., Nanarchaea, gen. nov., Ozarchaea, gen. nov., Westrarchaea, gen. nov., and 24 new species are described, 23 from mainland Australia and one from New Zealand. Anarchaea, gen. nov. from eastern Australia contains four species: A. corticola (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. (type species), A. falcata, sp. nov., A. raveni, sp. nov. and A. robusta (Rix, 2005), comb. nov. Flavarchaea from eastern, southern and south-western Australia contains seven species: F. anzac, sp. nov., F. badja, sp. nov., F. barmah, sp. nov., F. hickmani (Rix, 2005), comb. nov., F. lofty, sp. nov., F. lulu (Rix, 2005), comb. nov. (type species) and F. stirlingensis, sp. nov. Forstrarchaea is represented only by the type species F. rubra (Forster, 1949), comb. nov. from New Zealand. Nanarchaea from eastern Australia contains two species: N. bryophila (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. and N. binnaburra (Forster, 1955), comb. nov. (type species). Ozarchaea from Australia and New Zealand contains 16 species: O. bodalla, sp. nov., O. bondi, sp. nov., O. daviesae, sp. nov., O. forsteri, sp. nov., O. harveyi, sp. nov., O. janineae, sp. nov., O. ornata (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov. (type species), O. platnicki, sp. nov., O. saxicola (Hickman, 1969), comb. nov., O. spurgeon, sp. nov., O. stradbroke, sp. nov., O. valida, sp. nov., O. waldockae, sp. nov., O. werrikimbe, sp. nov., O. westraliensis, sp. nov. and O. wiangarie, sp. nov. Pararchaea Forster, 1955 is represented only by the type species P. alba Forster, 1955 from New Zealand. Westrarchaea, endemic to south-western Western Australia, contains three species: W. pusilla, sp. nov., W. sinuosa, sp. nov. (type species) and W. spinosa, sp. nov. A morphological cladistic analysis of the Pararchaeidae supported monophyly of the genera. Natural history information is summarised for each species where known, and the moulting behaviour, mating behaviour and egg sac of a pararchaeid species are described for the first time.
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Liew, Chia-Sin, Andrew E. Memory, Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Peter J. de Lange i Pieter B. Pelser. "The delimitation and evolutionary history of the Australasian Lautusoid group of Senecio (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)". Taxon 67, nr 1 (6.03.2018): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/671.8.
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McGowan, Angela. "Historical archaeology at Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica". Polar Record 24, nr 149 (kwiecień 1988): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740000872x.
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AbstractArchaeological investigations formed part of the conservation work of Project Blizzard in 1985–86 at the site of Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) huts, Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay. The extent and nature of the archaeological resources are described, and the results of excavations inside the main hut in 1985 are summarized. Excavation stratigraphy is interpreted in the light of the documented post-abandonment history of the site, and used to measure the extent to which human activity inside the hut may be contributing to its deterioration.
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Lebel, Teresa, i Michael A. Castellano. "Australasian truffle-like fungi. IX. History and current trends in the study of the taxonomy of sequestrate macrofungi from Australia and New Zealand". Australian Systematic Botany 12, nr 6 (1999): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97039.
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Australian sequestrate macrofungi have not been studied extensively until recently, even though their presence in Australia was recognised over 120 years ago by Baron Ferdinand von Mueller in connection with mycophagy by marsupials. The early mycological history in Australia is linked to the first expeditions and collections of plant material by naturalists from 1790 to 1830. These collections were sent to, and described by, foreign mycologists such as the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, the Rev. C. Kalchbrenner and E. M. Fries. M. C. Cooke's (1892) Handbook of Australian Fungi was the first attempt at compiling an Australian mycoflora. D. McAlpine and L. Rodway were the first resident collectors to expand on the information collated by Cooke. Later, G. H. Cunningham (1944) wrote The Gasteromycetes of New Zealand and Australia, bringing together the taxonomy of all known sequestrate macrofungi in the region. By 1895 approximately 2000 species of fungi had been recorded from Australia, 32 of them sequestrate. Recent intensive efforts in limited habitats have expanded our knowledge considerably, with more than 600 new species of sequestrate fungi recorded over the past 7 years. Many more remain to be discovered in Australia and New Zealand and knowledge of their biology and ecology needs to be developed.
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Klazenga, Niels. "The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) and the Changing Role of Herbaria". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (15.06.2018): e25866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25866.
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Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (AVH) was created in 2001 and developed between 2001 and 2006 with the databasing of the label data of specimens from the Australian Commonwealth, state and territory herbaria. The success of AVH ultimately led to funding for the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) and in October 2012 AVH was re-launched as part of the ALA infrastructure (http://avh.chah.org.au). Since 2012, some university herbaria have also joined AVH and in June 2017 the New Zealand Virtual Herbarium (NZVH) was integrated, giving rise to the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. The AVH currently holds almost 6.3 million records from 23 Australian and New Zealand herbaria and comprises over 80 per cent of the vouchered occurrence records of Australian plants, algae and fungi in ALA. While no longer at the forefront of the digitisation wave, having been around for so long, AVH can provide valuable insights into how and to what extent herbarium data is used and into the benefits of digitisation for herbaria and natural history collections. Six years of download statistics shows an ever-increasing use of AVH data and a widening of the user base. A far greater proportion of downloaded records is ostensibly used for new uses like ecological research and conservation, than for the traditional uses of herbarium specimen data, systematics and collections management. The last few years have also seen an increase in the use of AVH data in education. Over the years many research articles based on AVH data have been written, mostly at the interface between ecology and systematics, i.e. biogeography and conservation science. With the increase of the types of uses for herbarium data, it becomes important, also for the herbaria themselves, to consider the fitness for purpose of AVH data for uses other than the purpose for which it was collected. It has become apparent that the uncertainty of the latitudes and longitude provided with herbarium specimens is often too great for use in ecological research or conservation and there is a bias in collection density at the bioregion level, which is likely to be more severe at smaller spatial scales. Also, while the demand for vouchered occurrence records is increasing, we have seen a steady decrease in the intake of new specimens by Australian herbaria since the 1980s. This presentation will cover how Australian herbaria use AVH, how other users use AVH and what being part of AVH has meant to Australian herbaria.
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Hamli, Hadi, i Abdulla Al Asif. "Trends of bivalve (Bivalvia) research in East Malaysia: a systematic review". Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 6, nr 2 (31.08.2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v6i2.56140.
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The unique biodiversity in Malaysia makes this country a global hotspot for different aspects of research. Many European and non-native research activities are conducting by different research groups, whereas local institutions also collaborate with them to explore the pristine nature of west (peninsular Malaysia) and East Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah province). East Malaysia is located in Borneo Island, and the biodiversity of this area are huge. The current review work scrutinized the information about the research activities on aquatic bivalve species and their different aspects of the investigation. This investigation revealed, to date 28 research publications were published on aquatic bivalves from eastern Malaysia, where biodiversity, conservation and ecology was the major aspect of research. The other aspects were aquaculture, natural history and taxonomy, nutritional study, reproduction of bivalve, morphology, and pollution can be mentionable. The major portion of this eastern Malaysia are not investigated and it is assumed that many species are still not reported. Further studies demand to explore the vast bivalve biodiversity of this part of Malaysia. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2021, 6 (2), 50-59
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GREENBAUM, ELI, KAITLIN E. ALLEN, EUGENE R. VAUGHAN, OLIVIER S. G. PAUWELS, VAN WALLACH, CHIFUNDERA KUSAMBA, WANDEGE M. MUNINGA i in. "Night stalkers from above: A monograph of Toxicodryas tree snakes (Squamata: Colubridae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from Central Africa". Zootaxa 4965, nr 1 (27.04.2021): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4965.1.1.
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The genus Toxicodryas, historically included with the renowned Australasian cat-eyed snakes of the colubrid genus Boiga, currently includes two widespread species (T. blandingii and T. pulverulenta) in western, central, and eastern Africa. We leverage findings from a recent phylogenomic and historical demographic analysis of this genus (based on 2848–4471 Rad-seq loci from across the genome), with robust sampling from throughout the ranges of both species, to define two additional taxonomic units, with species boundaries corresponding to river barriers. Additional morphometric data from scores of examined museum specimens and literature records bolster the recognition of these two new cryptic species. We hypothesize that T. blandingii occurs west of the confluence of the Congo and Ubangi rivers, whereas a cryptic new species that is found east of this biogeographic barrier has significantly higher numbers of ventral scale counts in both sexes, additional significant differences in several scale counts, and lower venom toxicity. Toxicodryas pulverulenta occurs west of the Niger Delta in West Africa, whereas a cryptic new species that is found east of this biogeographic barrier has significantly higher numbers of subcaudal scale counts in both sexes. A review of published information regarding morphological variation, ecology, natural history, habitat, and venom is summarized for these four Toxicodryas species.
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Christidis, Les, Martin Irestedt, Dianne Rowe, Walter E. Boles i Janette A. Norman. "Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal a complex evolutionary history in the Australasian robins (Passeriformes: Petroicidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61, nr 3 (grudzień 2011): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.014.
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Daniel, Claire, Craig D. Millar, Stefanie M. H. Ismar, Brent M. Stephenson i Mark E. Hauber. "Evaluating molecular and behavioural sexing methods for the Australasian gannet (Morus serrator)". Australian Journal of Zoology 55, nr 6 (2007): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo07073.
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The availability of molecular methods for avian sex identification has revolutionised the study of sexual differences in behaviour, morphology, life-history traits and conservation management. We implemented the recommendations of a recent review of DNA-based sex-identification by (1) verifying the sex-specificity and (2) estimating the accuracy of different sex-assignment methods in an apparently monomorphic seabird, the Australasian gannet (Morus serrator). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on the amplification of the sex-linked chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding gene (CHD) repeatedly assigned the same sex in 96% (n = 27 replicates) and correctly sexed all individuals with known gonadal anatomy (n = 6). PCR and sex-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) showed agreement for 99.5% of individuals (n = 201). DNA-sexed pairs known to be social mates consisted of a male and a female in 96% of pairs sexed by PCR (n = 77) and 98% of pairs sexed by RFLP (n = 65). DNA-sexed females were in the bottom and males in the top copulatory position in 86% of observed copulations (n = 43 individuals). These results validate assumptions that both membership in social pairs and different copulatory positions can serve as reliable behavioural proxies for field-based sex identification in this colonial and obligately biparental seabird.
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Dixon, Kingsley, i Raymond L. Tremblay. "Biology and natural history of Caladenia". Australian Journal of Botany 57, nr 4 (2009): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08183.
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The genus Caladenia comprises species that exhibit remarkable consistency in terms of growth form and phenological patterns. All taxa are herbaceous perennials, with the shoot arising annually from a single, usually spheroid, tuber and producing a single, hairy leaf. The tuber is annually replaced either side-by-side with the parent tuber or terminating a descending structure known as a dropper. The dropper is a depth-seeking mechanism that enables placement of the tuber at depth in the soil as a means to avoid predation by surface-foraging native mammals or away from the high temperatures and desiccating conditions during summer dormancy. The 3--5 attenuated roots produced at the junction between the tuber and shoot and produced late in the growing cycle and devoid of mycorrhiza suggest their functional significance may relate to water uptake. Mycorrhizal endophytes are confined to a hypertrophic stem region at the soil surface (collar) subtending the leaf that positions the collar directly in the organically rich zone at the soil surface. This morphology is a unique characteristic of several Australasian orchids in the tribe Diuridae. Mycorrhizal infection occurs rapidly, with maximum colonisation in concert with the onset of breaking rains. Pelotons are restricted to cortical cells, with fully developed pelotons throughout infected tissues within a week or so of soil wetting. Infection occurs as a ‘once-off’ event, with little evidence of secondary infection later in the growth cycle and no evidence of peloton digestion. Some taxa utilise vegetative propagation, often leading to localised clustering as for taxa in the ‘filamentosa’ complex or, extensive clonal mats as found in Caladenia flava and C. latifolia where daughter tubers are produced at the end of extending horizontal outgrowths. For the majority of taxa, plants remain dry-season (summer) dormant from a few months up to 7 months for arid-zone taxa, with shoot emergence from the tuber of temperate species thought to occur in response to a drop in the mean minimum temperature. Pollination biology of Caladenia is apparently through a process of deception, either as food or sexual mimics, with some taxa engaging in self-pollination. Here we review the natural history of Caladenia and acknowledge that much of our understanding is based on assumptions of the biology of terrestrial orchids in general and emphasise areas of research and biological enquiry that will be critical in the development of an effective conservation program for the genus.
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Ashman, Lauren G., Seunggwan Shin, Andreas Zwick, Adam Ślipiński i Duane D. McKenna. "The first phylogeny of Australasian Lamiinae longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) reveals poor tribal classification and a complex biogeographic history". Systematic Entomology 47, nr 1 (listopad 2021): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/syen.12526.
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Wheeler, Barbara, i Linda Young. "Antarctica in museums: the Mawson collections in Australia". Polar Record 36, nr 198 (lipiec 2000): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400016454.
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AbstractThe relics of polar exploration are treasured in the museums of a multitude of nations. In Australia, the focus of most such collections is Sir Douglas Mawson and his expeditions to Antarctica in 1911–14 and 1929–31. The nature of these collections divides into the two large categories of scientific specimens and expedition relics. The latter are spread among Australian and other museums in a distribution that speaks of fascination with the exotic and heroic aspects of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition and the geopolitical ramifications of the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition. The specimens, by contrast, have not been treated well, and although thoroughly documented, may be close to losing their integrity as scientific resources. Both types of material merit the renewed attention of their museum-keepers as resources on the history of Antarctica.
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Syme, Anna E., Daniel J. Murphy, Gareth D. Holmes, Stuart Gardner, Rachael Fowler i David J. Cantrill. "An expanded phylogenetic analysis of Austrostipa (Poaceae: Stipeae) to test infrageneric relationships". Australian Systematic Botany 25, nr 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb10049.
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Although the Australasian grass genus Austrostipa is species rich, abundant and ecologically significant, the subgeneric classification of its 62 species has not been comprehensively tested with molecular data. We used three molecular markers from 51 species to determine a phylogeny of the genus and found strong support for the following seven of the existing subgenera: Falcatae, Austrostipa, Aulax, Lobatae, Bambusina, Lancea and Longiaristatae. The molecular data do not support Tuberculatae and Eremophilae, which could be combined with subgenus Austrostipa. The data are equivocal or insufficient regarding monophyly of Ceres, Arbuscula, Petaurista and Lanterna. Data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region appear to be suitable for phylogenetic analysis of this group, and the degree of sequence variability resolves species-level relationships with good levels of support. In contrast, chloroplast sequence data from the matK and rbcL genes do not resolve most relationships at the species level, and the inferred phylogeny hints at gene duplication, chloroplast capture, or deep coalescence in the evolutionary history of Austrostipa.
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Arai, T., T. Otake, D. J. Jellyman i K. Tsukamoto. "Differences in the early life history of the Australasian shortfinned eel Anguilla australis from Australia and New Zealand, as revealed by otolith microstructure and microchemistry". Marine Biology 135, nr 2 (5.11.1999): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050637.
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Seifert, Bernhard. "The Ant Genus Cardiocondyla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): The Species Groups with Oriental and Australasian Origin". Diversity 15, nr 1 (23.12.2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010025.
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The world-wide fauna of the genus Cardiocondyla is assessed to have 79 currently recognized species and is subdivided into 14 informal species groups plus three monotypical clades. It is argued that the phylogenetic placement of Cardiocondyla next to the genus Ocymyrmex Emery, 1886 as proposed by Blaimer et al. (2018) is doubtful. The main body of the paper is a species-level taxonomic revision of those six species groups and the one monotypical clade which have their centers of origin in the Oriental and Australasian regions. The fauna of this area comprises 26 species eleven of which are described as new: Cardiocondyla schulzi n.sp., C. argentea n.sp., C. semiargentea n.sp., C. argyrotricha n.sp., C. latifrons n.sp., C. micropila n.sp., C. allonivalis n.sp., C. excavata n.sp., C. goroka n.sp., C. subspina n.sp. and C. sulcata n.sp. Recognized as junior synonyms were: Cardiocondyla tsukuyomi Terayama, 1999 and C. breviscapus Seifert, 2003 of C. minutior Forel, 1899 and C. brevispinosa (Donisthorpe, 1948) of C. paradoxa Emery, 1897. Each confirmed species is characterized by verbal descriptions, 18 numerically recorded phenotypic characters, z-stack images in three viewing positions, the key, a differential diagnosis and, if available, a brief life history. Exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analyses of phenotypic characters support the separation of the cryptic species Cardiocondyla minutior Forel, 1899, C. goa Seifert, 2003 and C. tjibodana Karavajev, 1935, two of which have dispersed as tramp species to the New World. Missing development of postzygotic isolation due to very strong prezygotic barriers is indicated in the closely related species Cardiocondyla latifrons n.sp. and C. micropila n.sp. which produce fertile hybrids in laboratory rearings but apparently do not hybridize in a natural context even if nesting in close neighborhood. The strong prezygotic isolation is supposed to be generated by the prevalence of intranidal mating and the difficulty for a mated heterospecific gyne to become accepted in a foreign colony.
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SHEA, GLENN, SCOTT THOMSON i ARTHUR GEORGES. "The identity of Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841 (Testudines: Chelidae) reassessed". Zootaxa 4779, nr 3 (20.05.2020): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.3.9.
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The identity of Chelodina oblonga has been unclear because it has been variously defined to include populations of snake-necked chelid turtle from the southwest of Western Australia, across northern Australia, Cape York and southern New Guinea in its broadest conception, from just the northern part of this range (northern Australia and New Guinea), or restricted to the southwest corner of Western Australia in its narrowest conception. Uncertainty over the identity of the type specimens has added to the confusion. In this paper, we review the historical data on the extent of the type series of Chelodina oblonga, and its potential provenance, and find evidence that resolves some of the inconsistencies in previous literature on the identification of the type. Our analysis casts doubt on the northern Australian provenance of the type material. Hence, we return the name C. oblonga to the south-western species, in accordance with the genetic evidence for the provenance of the type in the Natural History Museum, London, and the external morphology of the type series. We designate a lectotype for the species, and redefine the subgeneric names that apply to the Australasian genus Chelodina, providing a new subgeneric name for one lineage.
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MICHAUX, BERNARD, i VISOTHEARY UNG. "Biotectonics of Sulawesi: Principles, methodology, and area relationships". Zootaxa 5068, nr 4 (18.11.2021): 451–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.1.
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Biotectonics is an approach to historical biogeography based on the analysis of independently derived biological and tectonic data, which we demonstrate using the island of Sulawesi as an example. We describe the tectonic development of Sulawesi and discuss the relationship between tectonic models and phylogenetic hypotheses. We outline the problem of interpreting areagrams based on single phylogenies and stress the importance of combining all available data into a general areagram. We analysed the distributions of Sulawesi area of endemism endemics (AEEs) using 30 published phylogenies, which were converted into paralogy-free taxon-area cladograms using the programme LisBeth (Zaragüeta-Bagalis et al. 2012) from which Adam’s consensus trees were constructed using PAUP (Swofford 2002). The results of our analyses show that the relationship between the areas of endemism is congruent with the terrane history of the island. A further 79 phylogenies of Sulawesi species with extralimital distributions were analysed to determine area relationships of Sulawesi within the broader Indo-Pacific region. We demonstrate the utility of data partitioning when dealing with areas that are geologically and biologically composite by showing that analysing Asian and Australasian elements of the Sulawesi biota separately produced general areagrams that avoid artifice and are interpretable in the light of current tectonic models.
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Lo Brutto, Sabrina, Antonina Badalucco, Rocco Iacovera, Elisabetta Cilli i Maurizio Sarà. "Checklist of the Mammal Collection Preserved at the University of Palermo under the Framework of the National Biodiversity Future Center". Diversity 15, nr 4 (3.04.2023): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15040518.
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The latest reorganization of the Vertebrate collections preserved at the “Pietro Doderlein” Museum of Zoology of the University of Palermo (Italy) has made it possible to draw up a check-list of the Mammal taxa present in the stuffed (M), fluid-preserved (ML) and anatomical (AN) collections. The intervention was planned under the National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) agenda, focused on the enhancement of Italian natural history museums. The growing interest in museum collections strongly demands databases available to the academic and policy world. In this paper, we record 679 specimens belonging to 157 specific taxa arranged in 58 families and 16 orders. Most of the species (75.1%) come from the Palaearctic Region (southern Mediterranean and North Africa), with a minority of taxa coming from the Afrotropical (7.8%), Neotropical (4.6%), Indo-Malayan (3.4%) and Australasian (1%) regions. Among the 24% of the taxa listed in the IUCN categories as threatened (VU, EN, CR, RE) the specimens of the Sicilian wolf, a regional endemic subspecies that became extinct in the last century, stand out. Even if small (<1000 specimens), the collection of mammals of the Museum of Zoology is an important asset for research on biodiversity in the Mediterranean area, representing an international reference for those wishing to conduct morphological and genetic studies in this area.
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Ristevski, Jorgo, Paul M. A. Willis, Adam M. Yates, Matt A. White, Lachlan J. Hart, Michael D. Stein, Gilbert J. Price i Steven W. Salisbury. "Migrations, diversifications and extinctions: the evolutionary history of crocodyliforms in Australasia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 22.05.2023, 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2023.2201319.
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Brownsey, Patrick J., Daniel J. Ohlsen, Lara D. Shepherd, Whitney L. M. Bouma, Erin L. May, Michael J. Bayly i Leon R. Perrie. "A review of the fern genus Pellaea (Pteridaceae) in Australasia". Australian Systematic Botany, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb20006.
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Five indigenous species of Pellaea in Australasia belong to section Platyloma. Their taxonomic history is outlined, morphological, cytological and genetic evidence for their recognition reviewed, and new morphological and chloroplast DNA-sequence data provided. Australian plants of P. falcata (R.Br.) Fée are diploid and have longer, narrower pinnae than do New Zealand plants previously referred to P. falcata, which are tetraploid. Evidence indicates that P. falcata does not occur in New Zealand, and that collections so-named are P. rotundifolia (G.Forst.) Hook. Chloroplast DNA sequences are uninformative in distinguishing Australian P. falcata from New Zealand P. rotundifolia, but show that Australian P. nana is distinct from both. Sequence data also show that Australian and New Zealand populations of P. calidirupium Brownsey & Lovis are closely related, and that Australian P. paradoxa (R.Br.) Hook. is distinct from other Australian species. Although P. falcata is diploid and P. rotundifolia tetraploid, P. calidirupium, P. nana (Hook.) Bostock and P. paradoxa each contain multiple ploidy levels. Diploid populations of Pellaea species are confined to Australia, and only tetraploids are known in New Zealand. Evolution of the group probably involved hybridisation, autoploidy, alloploidy, and possibly apomixis. Further investigation is required to resolve the status of populations from Mount Maroon, Queensland and the Kermadec Islands.
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Maynard, Andrew J., Luke Ambrose, Michael J. Bangs, Rohani Ahmad, Charles Butafa i Nigel W. Beebe. "Population structure and invasion history of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southeast Asia and Australasia". Evolutionary Applications, 25.03.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13541.
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Liu, Cui, Rui-Xia Zhang, Lin Li, Jun-Xia Su, Sheng-Dan Wu, Liang Xiong i Lin-Jing Zhang. "Phylogenetic relationships and diversification dynamics of Cerastium (Alsineae: Caryophyllaceae): implications for biogeographical patterns of herbs in the Northern Hemisphere". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 3.07.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad018.
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Abstract The evolutionary history of herbaceous species in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. The genus Cerastium is one of the most species-rich herbaceous genera in the Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae), and is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, it provides an ideal opportunity to explore the biogeographical history of herbs in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic tree for Cerastium with 75 species based on one nuclear and five plastid DNA markers. We then use an integrated phylogenetic, molecular dating, biogeographical, and diversification rate method to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of Cerastium. Cerastium is strongly supported as monophyletic and contains three major clades (Orthodon, Strephodon, and C. fragillimum). Cerastium originated from Europe in the middle Miocene (c. 13.45 million years ago), and subsequently colonized the New World, Africa, Asia, and Australasia through multiple intercontinental dispersal events. The dispersal of Cerastium from Europe (to both the East and West) and subsequent diversifications contributed to the formation of its contemporary Holarctic distribution pattern. The genus experienced rapid lineage accumulation during the late Miocene, possibly coinciding with a global decrease in temperature. These findings highlight the importance of the Northern Hemisphere in herbaceous species diversification in the late Miocene and Pliocene, and will deepen our understanding of the evolution of herbaceous plants.
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Shipton, Ceri. "Miniaturization and Abstraction in the Later Stone Age". Biological Theory, 25.01.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13752-022-00423-z.
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AbstractThis article offers some hypotheses to explain Later Stone Age lithic miniaturization: the systematic creation of small stone flakes on the finest-grained materials. Fundamentally, this phenomenon appears to represent the prioritization of stone tool sharpness over longevity, and a disposable mode of using stone tools. Ethnographic evidence from Australasia, the Andaman Islands, and Africa is used to suggest some specific functions for miniaturized lithics, as well as their relationship to other aspects of Later Stone Age material culture, including ochre crayons, shell beads, and notched bones. Miniaturized lithic functions are hypothesized to have a common basis in the cognitive capacity for abstraction: having ideas about ideas. The technological and social affordances of abstraction may have given later Homo sapiens significant adaptive advantages over other members of our genus.
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Lekammudiyanse, Manuja U., Megan I. Saunders, Nicole Flint, Andrew Irving, Christopher Aiken, Dana E. Clark, Anna Berthelsen i in. "Environmental drivers of flowering in the genus Zostera and spatio‐temporal variability of Zostera muelleri flowering in Australasia". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 21.01.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.4068.
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Abstract Seed‐based seagrass restoration strategies demand precise understanding of the environmental drivers influencing flowering. Flowering varies across diverse spatial and temporal scales, yet environmental drivers' effects on these dynamics have received less attention. Lack of knowledge regarding this life‐history stage limits the advancement of seed‐based restoration efforts, especially the establishment of shore‐based seagrass nurseries to enhance seed production. A systematic literature review on the flowering of the genus Zostera was conducted to develop a conceptual model that links influential environmental drivers with flowering. Additionally, a case study using existing survey data supplemented by additional field surveys was designed to explore the spatio‐temporal variability of flowering along the latitudinal gradient in Australasia for the species Zostera muelleri. Predictive models for flowering times were developed using regional climatic variables, following hypotheses generated from long‐term mesocosm observations. The review identified the direct and/or indirect effects of temperature, light, tidal variation, nutrients, salinity and grazing pressure on flowering dynamics. Four categories of flowering variables were identified based on their implications on restoration, namely, timing, abundance, the ratio between reproductive and vegetative growth and morphological characteristics. The spathe densities varied significantly among sites along the latitudinal gradient. While first (r2 = 0.71) and peak (r2 = 0.68) flowering times showed significant correlation with latitude, first flowering was equally predicted by mean winter air temperature and mean winter solar radiation (r2 = 0.73), whereas peak flowering time was best predicted by mean winter air temperature (r2 = 0.60). Accurate predictions of flowering times can improve conservation outcomes by enabling restoration practitioners to forecast flowering times and subsequent wild seed harvesting. The strong correlation between flowering times and climatic variables suggests future shifts in flowering times under climate change are likely, which is crucial knowledge for maintaining the contribution of restoration projects to seagrass conservation.