Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Ecological disturbance

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Ecological disturbance”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Ecological disturbance"

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Dornelas, Maria. "Disturbance and change in biodiversity". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, nr 1558 (27.11.2010): 3719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0295.

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Understanding how disturbance affects biodiversity is important for both fundamental and applied reasons. Here, I investigate how disturbances with different ecological effects change biodiversity metrics. I define three main types of disturbance effects: D disturbance (shifts in mortality rate), B disturbance (shifts in reproductive rates) and K disturbance (shifts in carrying capacity). Numerous composite disturbances can be defined including any combination of these three types of ecological effects. The consequences of D , B and K disturbances, as well as of composite DBK disturbances are examined by comparing metrics before and after a disturbance, in disturbed and undisturbed communities. I use simulations of neutral communities and examine species richness, total abundance and species abundance distributions. The patterns of change in biodiversity metrics are consistent among different types of disturbance. K disturbance has the most severe effects, followed by D disturbance, and B disturbance has nearly negligible effects. Consequences of composite DBK disturbances are more complex than any of the three types of disturbance, with unimodal relationships along a disturbance gradient arising when D, B and K are negatively correlated. Importantly, regardless of disturbance type, community isolation enhances the negative consequences and hinders the positive effects of disturbances.
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Crausbay, Shelley D., i Patrick H. Martin. "Natural disturbance, vegetation patterns and ecological dynamics in tropical montane forests". Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, nr 5 (14.07.2016): 384–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000328.

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Abstract:Disturbance is a central process in forest dynamics, yet the role of natural disturbance in tropical montane forests (TMFs) has not been systematically addressed. We posit that disturbance in TMFs has a wider role than commonly acknowledged and its effects are distinctive because: (1) TMFs often have very low rates of productivity due to low resources, and so recovery from disturbance may be slow, (2) montane forests have marked environmental heterogeneity which interacts with disturbance, (3) a large percentage of TMFs are regularly exposed to high energy windstorms and landslides, and (4) TMFs contain a biogeographically rich mixture of tree species with divergent evolutionary histories that interact differently with different disturbance types. We reviewed the literature on natural disturbance in TMFs and found 119 peer-reviewed papers which met our search criteria. Our review shows that disturbance is widespread in TMFs with pronounced effects on structure, function, composition and dynamics. Disturbance is also evident in the ecology of TMF biota with clear examples of plant life-history traits adapted to disturbance, including disturbance-triggered germination, treefall gap strategies and resprouting ability. Important aspects of TMF disturbances are stochastic and site-specific, but there are broad patterns in disturbance type, frequency and severity along latitudinal, altitudinal and environmental gradients. Compared with the lowland tropics, TMF disturbances are more spatially structured, TMFs experience more disturbance types in a given area due to environmental complexity, and TMFs are much more prone to small-scale yet severe landslides as well the large and potentially catastrophic disturbances of cyclones, forest die-back and fire. On the whole, natural disturbance should assume a larger role in models of ecosystem processes and vegetation patterns in TMFs. An improved understanding of what creates variation in disturbance severity and post-disturbance recovery rates, how composition and diversity feedback on disturbance type and likelihood, and how global change will alter these dynamics are important priorities in future TMF ecology research.
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Lugo, Ariel E. "Effects of Extreme Disturbance Events: From Ecesis to Social–Ecological–Technological Systems". Ecosystems 23, nr 8 (18.02.2020): 1726–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00491-x.

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AbstractEcologists addressed the effects of disturbances from the onset of the field by focusing on ecesis, which is the process by which organisms migrate and establish under the environmental conditions created by disturbances. Ecesis is the onset of succession, a self-organizing process whose nature, speed, and outcome depend in part on the outcomes of ecesis and the residual legacies remaining after disturbances. A by-product of succession after a disturbance is the reorganization of species dominance, or novelty. The degree of novelty in the outcome increases with the severity of the disturbance event. Initially, ecologists focused mostly on non-anthropogenic disturbances, but as human activity intensified and became a global force, more attention was given to the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystems. Today, anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic disturbances and their interactions are increasingly affecting ecosystems, particularly those exposed to extreme disturbance events. Extreme disturbance events are complex and low probability events composed of several disturbance forces that individually and in synergy affect different sectors of ecosystems, including the conditions that drive ecesis. I review the literature on disturbance research including the effects of extreme disturbance events on social–ecological–technological systems (SETSs). A SETS is an ecosystem defined by the flow and accumulation of energy through the medium of organisms, constructed infrastructure, institutions, and their environment. Human intentions, values, and capacities are part of the functioning of SETS, and they can drive ecological processes as do non-anthropogenic forces. Moreover, human-directed activities after an extreme disturbance event affect whole landscapes. The passage of hurricane María over the Puerto Rico SETS established that extreme disturbance events are of such power and complexity that they can influence the level and kind of relationship between humans and the environment, including the structure and species composition of the ecological systems within SETS. However, extreme disturbance events such as hurricanes have not changed the successional trajectory originally impulsed by anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, the species composition and functioning of novel forests in Puerto Rico are tied to economic activity in the social and technological sectors of SETS. It is no longer possible to interpret ecosystem functioning without considering the synergy between anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic extreme disturbances.
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Halling, Roy E., L. Boddy, R. Watling i A. J. E. Lyon. "Fungi and Ecological Disturbance". Mycologia 81, nr 5 (wrzesień 1989): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3759894.

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Zhang, H., Z. Zhang, X. Guo, J. Zhao i Y. Shan. "UNDERSTANDING THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF FIRE DISTURBANCE IN THE EASTERN MONGOLIA USING MODIS PRODUCT". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (30.04.2018): 1921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1921-2018.

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Fire disturbance plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance, biodiversity and self-renewal. In this paper, the spatio-temporal pattern of fire disturbances in eastern Mongolia are studied by using the ArcGIS spatial analysis method, using the MCD45A1 data of MODIS fire products with long time series. It provides scientific basis and reference for the regional ecological environment security construction and international ecological security. Research indicates: (1) The fire disturbance in eastern Mongolia has obvious high and low peak interleaving phenomenon in the year, and the seasonal change is obvious. (2) The distribution pattern of fire disturbance in eastern Mongolia is aggregated, which indicates that the fire disturbance is not random and it is caused by certain influence. (3) Fire disturbance is mainly distributed in the eastern province of Mongolia, the border between China and Mongolia and the northern forest area of Sukhbaatar province. (4) The fire disturbance in the eastern part of the study area is strong and the southwest is weaker. The spreading regularity of fire disturbances in eastern Mongolia is closer to the natural level of ecosystem.
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Edwards, Patrick M., Megan Colley i Angie Shroufe. "Investigating Ecological Disturbance in Streams". American Biology Teacher 83, nr 4 (1.04.2021): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2021.83.4.254.

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Teaching students about ecological disturbance provides them with an understanding of a critical factor that shapes the structure and function of biological communities in environmental systems. This article describes four simple experiments and related curriculum that students can use to conduct inquiry around the theme of disturbance in stream ecosystems: insect drift, colonization, life history, and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Over five years, our students conducted these experiments 57 times; 79% of the experiments resulted in data that supported students’ hypotheses. Our findings show that the experiments can be used as a framework for inquiry-based learning about important ecological processes such as disturbance, dispersal, colonization, and succession. These experiments meet several of the Next Generation Science Standards, are easily and ethically conducted, and require very little equipment.
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Savage, Melissa. "Ecological Disturbance and Nature Tourism". Geographical Review 83, nr 3 (lipiec 1993): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215731.

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DeAngelis, D. L., J. C. Waterhouse, W. M. Post i R. V. O'Neill. "Ecological modelling and disturbance evaluation". Ecological Modelling 29, nr 1-4 (wrzesień 1985): 399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(85)90063-8.

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Hu, Yang, Tim S. Doherty i Tim S. Jessop. "How influential are squamate reptile traits in explaining population responses to environmental disturbances?" Wildlife Research 47, nr 3 (2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19064.

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Abstract Context Understanding how organismal attributes influence sensitivity to environmental perturbations is a central theme in ecology and conservation. Certain traits, such as body size, habitat use, dietary preference and reproductive output are considered important determinants of animal species’ responses to the impacts of ecological disturbances. However, the general relationships between functional traits and post-disturbance responses by animals are not fully understood. AimsOur primary aim was to use a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of species traits on variation in population abundances of squamate reptiles (i.e. lizards and snakes). MethodsWe extracted data from 107 original published studies, from which 1027 mean effect sizes of post-disturbance responses by 298 species were estimated. We examined short-term responses only (i.e. within 3 years since the most recent disturbance). A comprehensive range of disturbances was examined, such as habitat destruction, fragmentation, fire, and exotic-species invasions. We used Bayesian linear mixed-effect modelling (BLMM), utilising the Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm (MCMC) for the meta-regression. Specifically, we tested the influence of eight species traits (body size, diet, temporal activity pattern, sociality, reproductive mode, clutch size, habitat selection, and mean body temperature), along with disturbance type, in explaining variation in species-specific abundance responses of squamate reptiles post-disturbance. Key resultsPost-disturbance abundance responses of squamate species were significantly influenced by two parameters, namely, mean body temperature and clutch size. In general, significant positive responses post-disturbance were observed for species with higher mean body temperatures and a greater clutch size. The type of disturbance had no detectable influence on squamate abundances. The influence of random effects (heterogeneity among studies and species, and broad taxonomic identity) accounted for more of the model variation than did the fixed effects (species traits and disturbance type). ConclusionsCertain species traits exerted some influence on the sensitivities of lizards and snakes to ecological disturbances, although the influence of random effects was very strong. Our findings are likely to be a result of the complexity and idiosyncratic nature of natural abundance patterns among animal species, in addition to the potential confounding effect of methodological differences among studies. ImplicationsThe present study is the first major quantitative synthesis of how species traits influence population-level responses of squamate reptiles to ecological disturbances. The findings can be used to guide conservation efforts and ecological management, such as by prioritising the efforts of mitigation on species that reproduce more slowly, and those with lower body temperatures.
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Chaves Cardoso, Jéssica, Philip J. Burton i Che M. Elkin. "A Disturbance Ecology Perspective on Silvicultural Site Preparation". Forests 11, nr 12 (28.11.2020): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121278.

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Silvicultural site preparation methods are used as planned disturbances for counteracting soil and vegetation constraints, as well as facilitating successful tree regeneration and growth. Understanding the possible effects of silvicultural site preparation on the ecosystem and evaluating site preparation as an ecological disturbance can help guide the selection and application of site preparation techniques for forest management goals. This review evaluates silvicultural site preparation techniques that are commonly used in boreal mixedwood ecosystems as agents of ecological disturbance by comparing the effects of each technique on the area disturbed and the degree of biomass modification, and then ordering them along a disturbance severity gradient. With a strong emphasis on the numerical estimation of the spatial footprint of different disturbances, broadcast burning typically has the highest disturbance severity, followed in order by broadcast herbicide use, mixing, plowing, disc trenching, mounding, scalping, and inverting. The evaluation of disturbance severity of various silvicultural site preparation techniques while using the proposed framework is feasible, in which quantitative assessments of area disturbed and biomass modification could be collected and assessed in most managed forests.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Ecological disturbance"

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Peterson, Garry D. "Contagious disturbance and ecological resilience". [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 1999. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/1999/amg2055/peterson%5Fg.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 1999.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 261 p.; also includes graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 248-260).
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Roderick, Mary J. "Ecological Restoration and Urban Planning: Integrating to end distURBANce". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242941905.

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Roderick, Mary. "Ecological restoration and urban planning integrating to end distURBANce /". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1242941905.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisor: Menelaos Triantafillou. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 18, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Ecological Restoration; Urban Planning; Integration; Landscape Ecology. Includes bibliographical references.
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Michalski, Fernanda. "Ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation and disturbance in Amazonian forests". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432441.

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Tomblin, David Christian. "Ecological niche responses of small mammals to gypsy moth disturbance". Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040517/.

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Underwood, Emma Clare. "Consequences of ecological disturbance on ground dwelling invertebrates : implications for conservation /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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O'Connor, Christopher Daniel. "Spatial and temporal dynamics of disturbance interactions along an ecological gradient". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311565.

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Interactions among site conditions, disturbance events, and climate determine the patterns of forest species recruitment and mortality across landscapes. Forests of the American Southwest have undergone significant changes over a century of altered disturbance regimes, human land uses, and changing environmental conditions. This study reconstructs the interactions between fire, spruce beetle outbreaks, climate, and anthropogenic factors and their influence on the species composition, spatial extent, and structure of four upper elevation forest types. We found that fire-climate associations changed following fire exclusion and recent high-severity fires occurred during less severe conditions than in several larger, lower severity fires in the historical record. Contemporary fires are burning with higher severity than similarly-sized historical fires, suggesting a shift toward higher-severity fire as a result of changes to forest structure and fuels over much of the upper elevation forest. In high elevation forests, the area occupied by Engelmann spruce and corkbark fir doubled in size over the four decades following fire exclusion. The increase in spruce beetle outbreak size and severity in the 20th century appears to be linked to significant expansion of host extent, accelerated growth of spruce in mixed-conifer forest, and incidence of anomalously warm summer temperatures followed by up to a decade of low precipitation. Trends toward warming, drying conditions are expected to increase the risk of future high-severity outbreaks, especially in locations of recent spruce population expansion. Forest conversion from disturbance-adapted to competition-adapted species following fire exclusion was a function of site productivity. Species assemblages in the lowest and highest productivity sites were the most stable over the century following fire exclusion. Frequent low severity fires maintained the stocking of forests in moderate productivity sites below their biological potential, conferring a degree of resistance to drought, insect outbreaks, and high-severity fire prior to fire exclusion. Current forests located on moderate productivity sites are now the most vulnerable to drought and future disturbance. Aggressive action to restore historical species composition, stocking and fire component of these forests may return resilience to this system in the face of projected changes to fire and climate dynamics.
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Schmitt, Susanne F. "Disturbance and succession on the Krakatau Islands, Indonesia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2b3257d-0a00-4286-a38a-01e3016da708.

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This thesis set out to investigate the influence of disturbance on the succession of the Krakatau islands (Rakata, Sertung, Panjang). The hierarchical model of succession by S. Pickett and colleagues (1987) was adopted as a research framework, and provided the basis for an alternative model of succession on Krakatau that focuses on processes rather than successional pathways. Investigations were conducted on (i) the meso-scale, and (ii) the patch-scale, (i) quantified the recent disturbance regime, and inter- and intra-island differences in diversity, (ii) compared sapling performance (growth, mortality and recruitment), and species compositional patterning in space and time for saplings and the seed bank with respect to island, gap size and severity of disturbance. Multivariate techniques were used, and amongst other attempts at characterising the light environment, hemispherical photography was employed. For the first time the effect of a continuous period of volcanic activity (1992-1995) of Anak Krakatau could be directly quantified and compared between Panjang and Sertung (ash-affected) and Rakata (receiving no ash). Increased rates of gap formation in the volcanically active period in comparison to the previous decade were found for all islands. This supports the disturbance-driven model of Whittaker and colleagues. However, an extension is required, because, contrary to expectation, Rakata also experienced more disturbance. This increase is argued to be a result of more severe weather conditions, and an increased number of earth tremors, during times of volcanic activity. The disturbance factors of extreme climatic events (e.g. ENSO events) and human impact are also proposed for inclusion in the alternative model. Drought associated with the 1994 El Niño is of relevance to short-term and potential long-term impact on regeneration dynamics and succession. Attention was drawn to the local human influence of pumice mining on the coastal forests. Supporting previous findings on the plot- and whole island scales, data from species presence/absence transects established that species richness and beta-diversity on the ash- affected islands was also lower on the meso-scale. Panjang's canopy composition is less uniform, and locally more species-rich than Sertung's. More evidence of the suggested decline of the mono-dominant species Neonauclea calycina and Timonius compressicaulis was gathered. The third dominant, Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum, is expanding in the lowlands of all islands. This is aided by its ability to regenerate in moderate shade, to grow rapidly in gap environments, and its tolerance of ash-fall, drought and herbivory. However, on Rakata, it is not expected to become generally mono-dominant because a considerable number of other potential canopy species are present. Sapling performance and species composition and its changes were in general strongly affected by ash-fall and drought. These factors tended to override effects of gap size and severity of disturbance. Advance regeneration, and the composition of the local forest type were identified as important factors influencing the composition of the early stages of gap-fill. The local forest type also seemed to contribute most to seed bank composition. As rarer species tended to have clumped distributions, and 'safe sites' for regeneration seemed not to be limiting, dispersal constraints were argued to be the most likely factors slowing diversification, unless further severe volcanic disturbance leads to successional set-back. The latter also strongly limits the predictability of succession on Krakatau.
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Pankey, Joel Robert. "Centaurea in the Columbia basin ecoregion : disturbance, invasion, and competition". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/j_pankey_042109.pdf.

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Yang, Jian. "Spatially explicit and stochastic forest landscape model of fire disturbance and succession". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4174.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (November 14, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Książki na temat "Ecological disturbance"

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van, Andel J., Bakker J. P. 1906- i Snaydon R. W, red. Disturbance in grasslands: Causes, effects, and processes. Dordrecht: Dr W. Junk Publishers, 1987.

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Franklin, Jerry F. Natural disturbance and stand development principles for ecological forestry. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2007.

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Franklin, Jerry F. Natural disturbance and stand development principles for ecological forestry. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2007.

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M, Crawford R. M., North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. i NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Disturbance and Recovery of Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems (1995 : Rovaniemi, Finland), red. Disturbance and recovery in Arctic lands: An ecological perspective. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

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Alberta. Parks and Protected Areas Division. Significance and disturbance study of Devonshire Beach-Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park. Edmonton: The Company, 2004.

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Ferguson, Sue A. Disturbance climate events in the Columbia River Basin / Sue Ferguson. Seattle, Wash: Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1997.

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Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection. Resource Data Division i Geowest Environmental Consultants Ltd, red. Biophysical inventory, significant, sensitive and disturbance features of the Whaleback area. Edmonton: GEOWEST Environmental Consultants Ltd., 1997.

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Hann, Wendel. Disturbance departure and fragmentation of natural systems in the interior Columbia basin. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2003.

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Environmental ecology: The ecological effects of pollution, disturbance, and other stresses. Wyd. 2. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995.

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Amit, Saxena, Macdonald I. D, Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection. Resource Data Division i Geowest Environmental Consultants Ltd, red. Biophysical overview, significant, sensitive and disturbance features of the Eagle Butte sensitive area. Edmonton: GEOWEST Environmental Consultants Ltd., 1996.

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Części książek na temat "Ecological disturbance"

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McKenzie, Donald. "Ecological Disturbance". W Mountains in the Greenhouse, 109–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42432-9_6.

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Turner, Monica G., i Virginia H. Dale. "Modeling Landscape Disturbance". W Ecological Studies, 323–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4244-2_13.

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Clewell, Andre F., i James Aronson. "Disturbance and Impairment". W Ecological Restoration, 33–70. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-59726-323-8_3.

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Swanson, F. J., S. M. Wondzell i G. E. Grant. "Landforms, Disturbance, and Ecotones". W Ecological Studies, 304–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2804-2_15.

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Douglas, Ian. "The Disturbance Caused by". W Ecological Studies, 225–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91544-5_13.

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Bazzaz, F. A., i T. W. Sipe. "Physiological Ecology, Disturbance, and Ecosystem Recovery". W Ecological Studies, 203–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71630-0_10.

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Biere, A. "Ecological significance of size variation within populations". W Disturbance in Grasslands, 253–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4055-0_17.

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Belnap, J., i D. Eldridge. "Disturbance and Recovery of Biological Soil Crusts". W Ecological Studies, 363–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8_27.

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Denslow, Julie S. "Functional Group Diversity and Responses to Disturbance". W Ecological Studies, 127–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79755-2_7.

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Zyryanova, O. A., A. P. Abaimov, T. N. Bugaenko i N. N. Bugaenko. "Recovery of Forest Vegetation After Fire Disturbance". W Ecological Studies, 83–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9693-8_5.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Ecological disturbance"

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Layton, Astrid, Bert Bras i Marc Weissburg. "Ecological Robustness as a Design Principle for Sustainable Industrial Systems". W ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47560.

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Ecology has acted as a source for sound design principles and studies have examined how ecological principles can enhance sustainability in human industrial networks. Engineered systems are often designed for maximum performance, but in many cases robustness is sought with respect to unwanted variations in input or other parameters. Taguchi’s signal to noise ratio and other quality engineering principles are well known fundamentals in the field of robust design. In this paper, we will introduce flow-based equations from ecological network analysis (ENA) to determine how to modify the flows and connections in industrial systems to balance efficiency and robustness against disturbances. In ENA, the robustness of a system is given by the relationship of flow path diversity to system efficiency. Systems with diverse flows are more resilient to a disturbance since there are redundant pathways, but are inefficient precisely because they contain many flow paths with the same endpoints. Efficient systems have increased capacity to transfer material and energy, but this is at the cost of fewer pathways so the system is brittle. Thus, given a disturbance, a robust system balances redundancy with efficiency/capacity. Ecological systems seem to occupy a narrow range of states that balance efficiency and resilience to confer robustness. Human networks, like trade networks, water reclamation facilities, etc. have been analyzed using these robustness principles and methods for flow based ecological network analysis. These analyses show that human networks may be more brittle than their ecological counterparts because of insufficient flow path diversity.
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Zuo, Yuefei, Chuang Liu, Hui Fu, Kai Wang i Shouyi Han. "Speed control of electrical drives using a full decoupled active disturbance rejection controller". W 2016 Eleventh International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ever.2016.7476364.

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Сёмкин, Б. И., i Л. И. Варченко. "FOUR-COMPONENT ECOLOGICAL INVARIANTS AND THEIR DISTURBANCE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS". W Геосистемы Северо-Восточной Азии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2021.65.50.044.

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Установлены существенные преимущества нового подхода, при котором многокомпонентными инвариантами являются относительные спектры. С использованием сравнительного анализа установлено постоянство многокомпонентных инвариантов и их изменение под воздействием антропогенных факторов. A general approach to the study of invariants in natural sciences is proposed. On examples using the traditional and new approaches, estimates of ecological and taxonomic invariants were made. Significant advantages of the new approach, in which relative spectra are multicomponent invariants, have been established. Using a comparative analysis, the constancy of multicomponent invariants and their change under the influence of anthropogenic factors have been established.
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Panyam, Varuneswara, Tirth Dave i Astrid Layton. "Understanding Ecological Efficiency and Robustness for Network Design Using Thermodynamic Power Cycles". W ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85404.

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Ecology has acted as a source for sound design principles and studies of ecosystems have examined how ecological principles can enhance sustainable human network design. Engineered systems are often designed for maximum performance, but in many cases, robustness is lost due to unwanted variations in inputs or efficiency. Taguchi’s signal to noise ratio and other quality engineering principles are well known fundamentals in the field of robust design. In this paper, we will introduce flow-based metrics from ecological network analysis (ENA) for robustness, efficiency, and redundancy. Ecosystem robustness is related to the balance between flow path diversity and system delivery efficiency. Systems with diverse flows are more resilient to a disturbance since there are redundant pathways, but are inefficient because they contain many flow paths with the same endpoints. Efficient systems are better able to transfer material and energy, but this is at the cost of fewer pathways so the system is brittle. Thus to survive a disturbance, an ecosystem system balances redundancy with efficiency. Thermodynamic power cycles are used to understand the relationship between energy efficiency, measured using first law efficiency, and ecological robustness and an ecological balance of efficiency to redundancy (as measured by ascendency vs development capacity). The result highlights the importance of understanding differences in the meaning of efficiency between two fields, and that from an engineering standpoint robustness does not have to be sacrificed to obtain energy efficiency.
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Shah, Reena. "Ecological Factors Impacting the Efficacy of Interventions Among Students With Emotional Disturbance in Nonpublic Schools". W 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1578460.

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Jiang, Z. H., L. H. Shu i B. Benhabib. "Reliability Analysis of Non-Constant-Size Part Populations in Design for Remanufacture". W ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dfm-8935.

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Abstract Remanufacture offers significant economic and ecological advantages over other end-of-life options. The goal of this research is to enable estimation of cost due to replacement of parts in systems undergoing remanufacture. In our previous work, a novel repairable-system reliability model that allows system modifications was developed to describe a population of systems undergoing remanufacture. In this paper, the reliability model is modified to accommodate population size changes during the replacement process. The effects of two types of disturbances to population size, pulse and continuous, on the replacement rate behavior are studied. Analysis of actual industrial data is presented as an example of population replacement under continuous disturbance. This example confirms that a simulation using the reliability model proposed in this paper yields an estimation for replacement rate with acceptable error bound.
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Weissenberger, Jürgen, Jen Dushane, Dan Vos i Ella Ede. "Traditional Ecological Knowledge on Acoustic Disturbance - Research Project Partnering with Communities on the North Slope, Alaska". W SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179284-ms.

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Orlyuk, M., i А. Romenets. "Spatial-time disturbance of geomagnetic field for some territories of the north and southern hemispheres: ecological aspect". W 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201801845.

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Gerling, Heather S. "Minimizing the Impacts of Pipeline Development on Native Prairie Ecosystems: A Public Land Manager’s Perspective". W 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2124.

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Native prairie is recognized in Alberta for its significant ecological, cultural and economic value. Much of the remaining prairie in Alberta is under public ownership and is managed for multiple uses and values. This paper illustrates how public land managers and industry cooperate to minimize disturbance to this valuable resource. The emphasis at the planning stage is proper inventory and identification of sensitive landscape, plant and animal features on proposed alignments, followed by appropriate realignment or mitigative action. At the pre-construction phase, environmental training of staff has raised awareness about the value of the prairie resource. During construction, the implementation of traffic control plans, shut down criteria and innovative soil handling techniques have reduced the overall impact of activities. Use of special equipment, erosion control techniques and revegetation strategies during reclamation can enhance the recovery of prairie disturbances. Proper monitoring is an important component of successful reclamation, and can lead to modifications of methods and equipment that give better future protection to this valuable landscape.
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Lemke, Michael, Andrew F. Casper, T. D. Van Middlesworth, Heath M. Hagy, Jeffery Walk, Douglas Blodgett i Keenan Dungey. "Ecological Response of Floodplain Restoration to Flooding Disturbance: A Comparison of the Effects of Heavy and Light Flooding". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.112.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Ecological disturbance"

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Franklin, Jerry F., Robert J. Mitchell i Brian J. Palik. Natural disturbance and stand development principles for ecological forestry. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-19.

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Berkowitz, Jacob, i Christine VanZomeren. Approaches to identify and monitor for potential acid sulfate soils in an ecological restoration context. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43349.

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Potential acid sulfate soils include materials with the capacity to generate acidity under certain environmental conditions. As such, these soils can pose challenges to ecological restoration projects occurring in wetlands and nearshore environments. To provide guidance for ecosystem restoration practitioners, the following technical note describes acid sulfate soil formation and distribution and then describes techniques for identifying and monitoring acid sulfate soil conditions prior to and following implementation of restoration activities. Finally, this technical note outlines a number of tools and recently published resources to help avoid unintended consequences of acid sulfate soil disturbance and achieve ecological restoration objectives.
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Wells, Aaron, Tracy Christopherson, Gerald Frost, Matthew Macander, Susan Ives, Robert McNown i Erin Johnson. Ecological land survey and soils inventory for Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2016–2017. National Park Service, wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287466.

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This study was conducted to inventory, classify, and map soils and vegetation within the ecosystems of Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM) using an ecological land survey (ELS) approach. The ecosystem classes identified in the ELS effort were mapped across the park, using an archive of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) datasets pertaining to land cover, topography, surficial geology, and glacial history. The description and mapping of the landform-vegetation-soil relationships identified in the ELS work provides tools to support the design and implementation of future field- and RS-based studies, facilitates further analysis and contextualization of existing data, and will help inform natural resource management decisions. We collected information on the geomorphic, topographic, hydrologic, pedologic, and vegetation characteristics of ecosystems using a dataset of 724 field plots, of which 407 were sampled by ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research and Services (ABR) staff in 2016–2017, and 317 were from existing, ancillary datasets. ABR field plots were located along transects that were selected using a gradient-direct sampling scheme (Austin and Heligers 1989) to collect data for the range of ecological conditions present within KATM, and to provide the data needed to interpret ecosystem and soils development. The field plot dataset encompassed all of the major environmental gradients and landscape histories present in KATM. Individual state-factors (e.g., soil pH, slope aspect) and other ecosystem components (e.g., geomorphic unit, vegetation species composition and structure) were measured or categorized using standard classification systems developed for Alaska. We described and analyzed the hierarchical relationships among the ecosystem components to classify 92 Plot Ecotypes (local-scale ecosystems) that best partitioned the variation in soils, vegetation, and disturbance properties observed at the field plots. From the 92 Plot Ecotypes, we developed classifications of Map Ecotypes and Disturbance Landscapes that could be mapped across the park. Additionally, using an existing surficial geology map for KATM, we developed a map of Generalized Soil Texture by aggregating similar surficial geology classes into a reduced set of classes representing the predominant soil textures in each. We then intersected the Ecotype map with the General-ized Soil Texture Map in a GIS and aggregated combinations of Map Ecotypes with similar soils to derive and map Soil Landscapes and Soil Great Groups. The classification of Great Groups captures information on the soil as a whole, as opposed to the subgroup classification which focuses on the properties of specific horizons (Soil Survey Staff 1999). Of the 724 plots included in the Ecotype analysis, sufficient soils data for classifying soil subgroups was available for 467 plots. Soils from 8 orders of soil taxonomy were encountered during the field sampling: Alfisols (<1% of the mapped area), Andisols (3%), Entisols (45%), Gelisols (<1%), Histosols (12%), Inceptisols (22%), Mollisols (<1%), and Spodosols (16%). Within these 8 Soil Orders, field plots corresponded to a total of 74 Soil Subgroups, the most common of which were Typic Cryaquents, Typic Cryorthents, Histic Cryaquepts, Vitrandic Cryorthents, and Typic Cryofluvents.
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Leis, Sherry, i Lloyd Morrison. Plant community trends at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve: 1998–2018. National Park Service, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294512.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network monitors plant communities at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve and evaluates a variety of environmental variables that affect vegetation patterns, including climate and ecological disturbances such as fire and grazing. Here we report on 2002–2018 trends in management actions (fire and grazing) and key plant community indicators. Temperature has increased over the past 50 years in the region. Precipitation and a standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index included a high degree of interannual variability and did not demonstrate directional change. We documented a decline in disturbance intensity (i.e., less frequent prescribed fire and lower stocking rates) since 2006. A preserve goal is to maintain 30 to 60% of the area as bare ground (soil and rock) for ideal greater prairie-chicken habitat. Bare areas have been in decline and minimally meet the goal preserve wide. Bare areas vary by pasture and year, with bare areas exceeding the threshold in earlier years and Big Pasture and Red House Pasture falling short in some recent years. Although the preserve-scale mean minimally met the objective, there was a great deal of heterogeneity across monitoring sites. Litter cover and depth were greater than ecological recommendations for the greater prairie-chicken, especially in 2018. Litter depth demonstrated a great deal of variability and included deep litter. Woody plants were targeted to remain below 5% cover. Preserve- and pasture-scale cover means were well below this threshold but are increasing. Species richness on a per site basis (alpha diversity) and preserve-wide richness (gamma diversity) showed no apparent directional change when corrected for differences in sample size. Comparison of native species composition between 2002 and 2018 revealed a 36.9% difference in the Sørensen Index, although observer error accounted for almost 2/3 of this apparent change. The preserve continues to have characteristic tallgrass prairie species, and nonnative species continue to be low. Similar to targeted invasive plant monitoring, we found the target species Kentucky bluegrass to be below park thresholds. Continued evaluation of fire frequency and grazing intensity will be critical to achieving ecological goals including conserving the greater prairie-chicken. Development of a grazing plan may assist with prescribing stocking rates that are consistent with the preserve’s ecological and cultural objectives and could include alternative herbivores, such as goats or expansion of bison.
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Boyle, Maxwell, i Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.
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Muxo, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Raul Urgelles, Joaquin Alonso, Judd Patterson i Andrea Atkinson. Biscayne National Park colonial nesting birds monitoring protocol—Version 1.1. National Park Service, styczeń 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290141.

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Breeding colonies of wading birds (orders Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes) and seabirds (orders Suliformes, Pelecaniformes) serve as important indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, as they respond to changes in food abundance and quality, contaminants, invasive species, and disturbance. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Restoration Coordination & Verification program (CERP-RECOVER) has identified wading-bird colonies as an important ecosystem restoration indicator. The National Park Service South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFCN) ranked colonial nesting birds eighth out of 44 vital signs of park natural resource conditions for ecological significance and feasibility. However, while large-scale monitoring efforts are occurring in the rest of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, only minimal historic data collection and no extensive ongoing monitoring of wading bird and seabird nesting have occurred in Biscayne National Park. Consequently, due to their high importance as biological indicators and because they are a gap occurring in regional monitoring efforts, the network has initiated a monitoring program of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park. This protocol provides the rationale, approach, and detailed Standard Operating Procedures for annual colonial bird monitoring within and close to Biscayne National Park and conforms to the Oakley et al. (2003) guidelines for National Park Service long-term monitoring protocols. The specific objectives of this monitoring program are to determine status and long-term trends in: Numbers and locations of active colonies of colonial nesting birds with a special focus on Double-crested Cormorants, Great Egrets, Great White Herons, Great Blue Herons, White Ibises, and Roseate Spoonbills. Annual peak active nest counts of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park with a special focus on the species mentioned above. An annual nesting index (i.e., sum of monthly nest counts) with a special focus on the species mentioned above. Timing of peak nest counts for the focal species.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson i Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, lipiec 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson i Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, sierpień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson i Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, styczeń 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6876399.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson i Albert Rango Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, sierpień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947060.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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