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Liu, Gui Huan, Yi Hui Wen, Tao Tao Jin, Hai Guang Hao i Shu Fang Liu. "Designing of Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism Based on the Key Ecological Function Zone: A Case Study in the Source Area of Dongjiang River". Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (wrzesień 2013): 962–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.962.
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At present, China is establishing eco-compensation mechanism on the basis of key ecological function zones and ecological factors, but trans-provincial eco-compensation mechanism (especially in river basin) is making slow progress due to its complicated stakeholders involvement. The promulgation of relevant papers, such as Planning on National Main Functional Zones and National Key Ecological Function Zones, provide important basis and new thoughts for implementing eco-compensation mechanism in China. In this paper, we take trans-provincial key ecological function zone as breakthrough point to study trans-provincial river basin eco-compensation mechanism, and take the source area of Dongjiang River in Jiangxi province and Guangdong province as an example to put forward some ideas for trans-provincial river basin eco-compensation mechanism designing based on the key ecological function zones. Taking the study of key ecological function zone as the platform, we propose a framework of river basin eco-compensation plan, which includes particular design in the following aspects: the funding needs, funding sources, financial operation mechanism, monitoring and evaluation, organizational management and compensation security system. Designing River basin eco-compensation mechanism in source areas while based on key ecological function zone, which will increase the scientific nature and rationality of policy making, is more in line with ideas and concepts of payment for ecosystem services (PES) and it will effectively promote scientific and rational development and implementation of river basin eco-compensation. However there are still many inevitable problems in the following aspects: river basin eco-compensation monitoring and evaluation, management of river basin eco-compensation and measures to ensure the long-term effect of river basin eco-compensation policy. With the in-depth understanding of eco-compensation study and practice in China, these problems should be constantly improved and Chinas eco-compensation mechanism will become increasingly complete and rigorous in the future.
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Thai, Nguyen Dinh, Nguyen Tai Tue, Nguyen Thi Hong i Tran Thi Dung. "PHÂN VÙNG CHỨC NĂNG SỬ DỤNG BỀN VỮNG TÀI NGUYÊN- MÔI TRƯỜNG HUYỆN ĐẢO VÂN ĐỒN, QUẢNG NINH". Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 18, nr 4 (15.03.2019): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18/4/12248.
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Van Don district has many favorable conditions in terms of geographical location, economic and political position, and diversity in natural resources for developing marine economic zone. The strength of the district is to develop eco-tourism, conservation of valuable marine ecosystems as well as exploitation of minerals and construction materials. At the present, Van Don is facing negative impacts from urbanization and economic development, environmental degradation, and reduction of biodiversity. Therefore, the purpose of this study aims to determine the zoning criteria and application for the functional zoning for sustainable use of environment and natural resources in Van Don island district. Based on the zoning criteria and natural and socio-economic characteristics, Van Don island district can be divided into two main environmental and natural resources function zones, consisting of Cai Bau island zone (with 3 sub-zones) and Van Hai zone (with 4 sub-zones). Each sub-region has its own unique characteristics that are scientific foundations for orienting sustainable development.
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Grimm, Isabel Jurema, Adriana Pasco Dias, Carlos Alberto Cioce Sampaio i Valdir Fernandes. "Interdisciplinarity and educational practices in eco-development: analysis of the experience of the Rio Sagrado micro-watershed - Morretes/PR". Ambiente & Sociedade 18, nr 1 (marzec 2015): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc764v1812015en.
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Considering the relationship nature-society, that leads us to the knowledge production process, in which pedagogical practice should be based. The interdisciplinary to respond socio-environmental questions in opposition to the developmental model, should focus in alternatives, reviewing traditional ways of life, capable to induce ecologically based practices, concerned with the sustainability. Thus, there is the perspective of eco-development, aimed at more equitable balance between economic, social and environmental issues. At "Rio Sagrado" watershed, Education's Zone for Eco-Development, in Morretes (PR) where projects are developed in order to promote the knowledge's hybridization which should interacting between folk wisdom and scientific knowledge, looking toward to solve social and environmental problems, faced by the local community. Methodologically is an action-research, which had as its main result the environmental changes' observation, which happened in that territory, where knowledge emerged from the experience and knowhow which could achieve the scientific knowledge.
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Ramadani, Aisyah Hadi, Rizkya Karima i Riska Surya Ningrum. "Antibacterial Activity of Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus) Eco-enzyme Against Acne Bacterias (Staphylococcus aureus and Prapionibacterium acnes)". Indo. J. Chem. Res. 9, nr 3 (31.01.2022): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-nin.
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Acne (acne vulgaris) is a skin disease caused by infection or inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Staphylococcus aureus and Prapionibacterium acnes was the main actor in the infection. Eco-enzyme that is made from pineapple peel has been stated that have inhibitory activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria, also applied as home industry soap. This study objective as scientific support that Eco-enzyme phytochemical compounds had the antibacterial activity to the acne bacteria. Eco-enzyme was composed of pineapple peel, brown sugar, and water with the ratio of 3:1:10 for 3 months fermentation time. Eco-enzyme was screened of its phytochemical compound and antibacterial activity against S.aureus and P.acnes by dilution with various concentrations (1.5625%, 3, 125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% v/v) and various control. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was then tested by diffusion method to determine the inhibition zone with 3 replication using the higher concentration (50%, 75%, 100% v/v). The result showed that eco-enzyme has a clear yellow colour, contains tannin and saponin, MIC of S.aureus and P.acnes bacteria is 50%. The dilution test of eco-enzyme gives the most effective concentration to inhibit S.aureus at eco-enzyme 100% (v/v), contrasted to P. acnes which didn’t show the best inhibition concentration.
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Zuo, Jin, i Qin Yan. "Recycling Inter-Feed Relationship between Wetlands’ Protective Using and Eco-Town Construction". Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (październik 2011): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1085.
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As the wetlands has decreased and degenerated badly due to human’s excessive use, it becomes to be a hotspot in international academe’s forefield to resume and rebuild wetlands. Simply opposing protection to using can effectively ease up the stress of wetland’s degradation in a short term, but is disadvantageous to wetland’s sustainable development. This article takes Tianjin Qilihai wetland as example, aiming at its existing problems, sums up two kinds of infection genes – exterior representation and interior motivation, and intensively analyzes the sticking point from three aspects – economic, acknowledgement and mechanism. It suggests that basing on the idea of accretion and co-prosperity, we can divide wetland area into three zone – core zone, buffer zone and experimental zone, and then let the interior dispersive inhabitants and production activities move out to the intensively constructed eco-town. Thus we can make scientific use of wetland’s economical value and promote circumjacent industries’ transformation. Moreover, by the recycling use of water on a model of source separation combined with wetland classification, the quantity of regenerated water would reach 18.25 million cubic meters. By the Low Impact Development (LID) strategies in the control and use of rainfall and flood, the quantity of rainwater for use would reach 8.62 million cubic meters per year. In this way, the wetlands’ ecological conservation would obtain regurgitation-feeding, the construction of eco-town would be organically combined with protection and using of wetlands, and an effective system of wetlands’ sustainable development and using would be established.
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Zhou, Xiang, Ye Shi, Qingchun Hu, Shen Zhang, Xihong Zhang i Lingzhen Meng. "Discrete Element Simulation of the Relationship between Composition, ITZ Property, and Tensile Behavior of Eco-Friendly UHPC Matrix". Materials 16, nr 10 (19.05.2023): 3844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103844.
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To combat global warming, the development of eco-friendly ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has become one of the current research hotspots. Understanding the relationship between composition and performance of eco-friendly UHPC from a meso-mechanical point will be of great significance in proposing a more scientific and effective mix design theory. In this paper, the 3D discrete element model (DEM) of an eco-friendly UHPC matrix was constructed. The mechanism of the effect of the interface transition zone (ITZ) properties on the tensile behavior of an eco-friendly UHPC matrix was studied. The relationship between composition, ITZ property, and tensile behavior of eco-friendly UHPC matrix was analyzed. The results show that ITZ strength influences the tensile strength and cracking behavior of eco-friendly UHPC matrix. The effect of ITZ on the tensile properties of eco-friendly UHPC matrix is more significant than that of normal concrete. The tensile strength of UHPC will be increased by 48% when the ITZ property is changed from normal condition to perfect. Improving the reactivity of the binder system of UHPC will improve the performance of ITZ. The cement content in UHPC was reduced from 80% to 35%, and the σITZ/σPaste was reduced from 0.7 to 0.32. Both nanomaterials and chemical activators can promote the hydration reaction of the binder material, which in turn leads to better ITZ strength and tensile properties for an eco-friendly UHPC matrix.
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Chernyshev, D. O. "ENGINEERING PROTECTION ECO-SYSTEMS TERRITORIES ON THE BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY PRINCIPLES APPLICATION". ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, nr 49 (17.10.2017): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.853.
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The article is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and applied problem issue - the search for organizational and technological solutions for biosferous construction on the example of marine and river coastal areas engineering protection in Ukraine. The main causes of imperfect activities in the field of coastal areas protection are: insufficient considering natural processes laws in the coastal zone of sea, reservoirs and rivers during the formation of design decisions; work incompleteness andcoastal protection and coastal regulating structures formation incompleteness in local complexes that fully cover coastal natural systems where there is a high level of natural processes interconnections that do not ensure their project effectiveness. It was substantiated that objective of shores engineering protection ecosystems increasing objective reliability is the most rational damaging construction of the gabions.
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Gogoberidze, G., V. Levkevich, E. Rumiantceva i T. Serhiyevich. "INDICATOR APPROACH FOR ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE ARCTIC COASTAL REGIONS". Экономическая наука сегодня, nr 14 (10.12.2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2021-14-87-100.
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The Arctic zone is a strategically important region for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation and the Union State. At the same time, an absolutely large part of the population and economic activity in the Arctic is concentrated in the coastal zone. For the effective decision-making process support on the sustainable development of Arctic regions, it is necessary to develop scientific justifications for the implementation of Arctic strategies. As a such tool an information and analytical system can be used in the form of a model of strategic spatial planning of Arctic coastal eco-socioeconomic systems based on an indicator approach. The current state and trends of socio-economic development of the Arctic coastal regions of Russia are analyzed as an approbation of this model.
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Hauffe, Torsten, Christian Albrecht i Thomas Wilke. "Assembly processes of gastropod community change with horizontal and vertical zonation in ancient Lake Ohrid: a metacommunity speciation perspective". Biogeosciences 13, nr 10 (18.05.2016): 2901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2901-2016.
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Abstract. The Balkan Lake Ohrid is the oldest and most diverse freshwater lacustrine system in Europe. However, it remains unclear whether species community composition, as well as the diversification of its endemic taxa, is mainly driven by dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, or species interaction. This calls for a holistic perspective involving both evolutionary processes and ecological dynamics, as provided by the unifying framework of the “metacommunity speciation model”.The current study used the species-rich model taxon Gastropoda to assess how extant communities in Lake Ohrid are structured by performing process-based metacommunity analyses. Specifically, the study aimed (1) to identifying the relative importance of the three community assembly processes and (2) to test whether the importance of these individual processes changes gradually with lake depth or discontinuously with eco-zone shifts.Based on automated eco-zone detection and process-specific simulation steps, we demonstrated that dispersal limitation had the strongest influence on gastropod community composition. However, it was not the exclusive assembly process, but acted together with the other two processes – environmental filtering and species interaction. The relative importance of the community assembly processes varied both with lake depth and eco-zones, though the processes were better predicted by the latter.This suggests that environmental characteristics have a pronounced effect on shaping gastropod communities via assembly processes. Moreover, the study corroborated the high importance of dispersal limitation for both maintaining species richness in Lake Ohrid (through its impact on community composition) and generating endemic biodiversity (via its influence on diversification processes). However, according to the metacommunity speciation model, the inferred importance of environmental filtering and biotic interaction also suggests a small but significant influence of ecological speciation. These findings contribute to the main goal of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) deep drilling initiative – inferring the drivers of biotic evolution – and might provide an integrative perspective on biological and limnological dynamics in ancient Lake Ohrid.
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Vopilovskiy, Sergey S. "Foreign Economic Partners of Russia in the Arctic Zone". Arctic and North, nr 46 (25.03.2022): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2022.46.33.
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The study expresses the readiness of foreign investors to participate in Russia's Arctic innovation projects in difficult international economic and political conditions. Key high-tech projects of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) with the participation of international economic partners are presented. The tendency of economic interaction in the field of high technologies is expressed, which has not been subjected to political pressure from outside. The key investor companies of the Asia-Pacific region (APR) and the European Union (EU), with which agreements on participation in projects have been signed, are presented. The intentions of the world powers for economic partnership in the Arctic projects of Russia are discussed, the most promising areas and areas of activity are outlined. It is determined that the domi-nant economic attention is shown by Asian countries. The leader is the People's Republic of China (PRC), interaction with which contributes to the acceleration of investment growth in these projects and has a wide range of industry areas. The implementation of AZRF projects with the participation of foreign part-ners has a positive multiplier effect on the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the main eco-nomic highway of the Russian Arctic. The high value of Russian and international scientific research in the Arctic is determined, as well as the critical importance of the achievements of scientific and technological progress (STP), and as a result, a high-tech economy; the increased interest of the world powers in the work of the Arctic Council is indicated; the general attention to the thin ecological system of the Arctic is presented. The aim of the study is to assess the current economic agreements with the participation of international partners and to attract foreign investment in promising long-term Arctic projects in Russia.
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Wang, Jin, Guangxue Li i Feiyong Chen. "Eco-Environmental Effect Evaluation of Tamarix chinesis Forest on Coastal Saline-Alkali Land Based on RSEI Model". Sensors 22, nr 13 (5.07.2022): 5052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22135052.
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Taking representative Tamarix chinensis forest in the national-level special protection zone for ocean ecology of Changyi city in Shandong province of China as the objective, this research studied how to use remote sensing technology to evaluate natural eco-environment and analyze spatiotemporal variation. In the process of constructing the index system of ecological environment effect evaluation based on RSEI (Remote Sensing Ecological Index) model, AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), Salinity, Greenness, Wetness, Heat and Dryness, which can represent the ecological environment of the reserve, were selected as the corresponding indexes. In order to accurately obtain the value of the RSEI of the study area and to retain the information of the original indexes to the greatest extent, the SPCA (spatial principal components analysis) method was applied in this research. Finally, the RSEI was applied to evaluate the ecological and environmental effects and to analyze the spatial characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution of the study area. The results not only provide scientific evidence and technical guidance for the protection, transformation and management of the Tamarix chinensis forest in the protection zone but also push the development of the universal model of the ecological environment quality with a remote sensing evaluation index system at a regional scale.
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Dickman, Christopher R., i Libby Robin. "Putting Science in its Place: The Role of Sandringham Station in Fostering Arid Zone Science in Australia". Historical Records of Australian Science 25, nr 2 (2014): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14014.
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For the past fifty years, Sandringham Station has provided a major focus for scientific work in southwestern Queensland, an arid region that includes the Simpson Desert and the Channel Country (together 'Desert Channels'). This paper explores the role of place, chance and private enterprise in supporting science in this region. Unlike other parts of inland Australia, where government initiatives were prominent, science in Queensland's arid country was privately supported, and research there had an ecological or eco-physiological rather than an economic focus. It began later than elsewhere (1960s), and its scientific questions were different from those framed in research stations set up to address agricultural and pastoral imperatives. The location of Sandringham on the ecological edge between the ephemeral wetlands of the anastomosing channels and the dune country of the Simpson Desert created an ecotonal area that was rich in animals adapted to living in Australian desert country, and a particular opportunity to observe their adaptations to the boom-and-bust ecological conditions. The role of local observers, particularly station managers and naturalists, has been critical in studying the often cryptic animals of the region, and the ongoing support of the station itself was essential to investigations that were mostly on private leasehold lands.
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Wang, Hui. "Regional assessment of human-caused ecological risk in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone using production–living–ecology analysis". PLOS ONE 16, nr 2 (8.02.2021): e0246749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246749.
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In this study, based on the regional land-use risk space division (regional ecological risk source/receptor space identification) using production–living–ecology analysis, three spatial function indexes, i.e., production, living, and ecology function indexes, were proposed for regional ecological risk assessment (RERA) with respect to human disturbance. The first two indexes can be regarded as regional ecological risk source indexes, whereas the final index can be regarded as a regional ecological risk receptor index. Using an artificial assignment method based on the land-use types and Defense Meteorological Program Operational Line-Scan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light intensity data, these three spatial function indexes were effectively manifested. By incorporating these indexes with eco-environmental vulnerability proxies, an RERA framework was established and applied in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone (PLEZ), which is an ecological-protection and economic-development coordination-oriented region in China. The results suggest that (1) the DMSP/OLS nighttime light intensity data correlated well with the spatial distribution of regional urban/town areas; consequently, it was reasonable to use this dataset for representing regional production-living function space (urban/town area). (2) Overall, the forestlands and winter waterbodies of Poyang Lake were in the high-risk grade, and so did the Nanchang City construction land area; in contrast, the final risk levels of winter wetlands and croplands were relatively low. (3) Owing to the highest human disturbance (including both production and consumption human activities) and eco-environmental vulnerability level, urban/town areas such as Nanchang City had the highest final risk grade. (4) The low, medium, high, and very high-risk grades accounted for 21.22%, 39.53%, 36.31%, and 2.94% of the region, respectively. I believe that the proposed land use function indexes will be helpful in conducting human-caused RERA research in the future. Furthermore, the assessment results can provide a scientific basis for regional ecological risk management within the PLEZ.
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Ahmed, Sayed. "Pancha rathas, the five stone temples of the Mahabalipuram site". Paranoá: cadernos de arquitetura e urbanismo, nr 28 (5.09.2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18830/issn.1679-0944.n28.2020.07.
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Heritage and landscape development may take place within the heritage assemble procedure. The study presents a case of Stone heritage, characterized by an important intangible Vedic chanting heritage which again linked to the seashore forest and Pallava temple architecture. The purpose is to search diverse physiognomies of what opportunity exists in natural context and its playing role with the built heritage and eco-tourism. The methodology includes an extensive literature review of previous texts and collecting key factors out of those literary and pictorial data for historical evidence proved analysis. The results developed from a scientific approach over such case where ethnology, ancient technology and architectural style might have lost its authenticity and integrity for robust deforestation of associated garden heritage over different courses of time just because of the absence of boundary and buffer zone concept. It revealed three major opportunities for future sustainable accomplishment in this historic site: significance of effective network comprising authorities and stakeholders, over excessive tourism can also be regarded as curse for local landscape because of rapid urbanization and finally ecological bounties, recapture of areas and aggregation need a strong legitimation to justify buffer zone and site boundary from all possible direction.
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JURAEV, D. "WINTER WHEAT ASSESSMENT FOR GROWTH, GRAIN YIELD, AND QUALITY PARAMETERS UNDER DIVERSE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS". SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 55, nr 4 (31.08.2023): 1193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.15.
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The presented study aims to select the early-maturing and high-yielding winter wheat genotypes via the assessment of various eco-geographical groups and to illustrate their scientific significance for the diverse environmental conditions of the Kashkadarya Region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Twentyfour advanced wheat lines underwent selection and evaluation for comparison with six regional and promising cultivars to further improve and use for crossbreeding. Overall, eight cultivars showed promising in the desert zone of the Kashkadarya Region, 24 in the middle area, and 13 in the region’s foothills, while selecting five for the desert zone, six in the middle, and 10 in the foothills of Uzbekistan. Seventeen cultivars and advanced lines attained selection for the desert area of District Kasbi with higher protein content (14%), 21 in the middle zone of District Karshi, and 22 in the foothills of District Shahrizabz. Cultivars and advanced lines selected for the desert area of District Kasbi, in the middle zone of District Karshi, and in the foothills of District Shahrizabz numbered 14, 14, and three, respectively, where the gluten content was more than 30%. Weather conditions also affect the wheat genotype yields in the irrigated areas, and due to less rainfall in March-May of 2011, in the desert and foothills, the average yield declined by 0.2–0.23 and 0.15–0.25 t/ha in the deserts and foothills, respectively, compared with other years. The precipitation in March-May strongly correlated (r = 0.47) with the grain yield in winter bread wheat.
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Kondakova, Yu. "COLLABORATION OF FASHION AND SCIENCE IN MODERN FASHION DESIGN". Technical Aesthetics and Design Research 4, nr 3 (3.06.2023): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2687-0878-2022-4-3-5-18.
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Modern fashion is a zone of influence of the active development of science and technology, embodying the ideas of descience in the creativity of modern designers and contributing to its development. The object of the study is the components of the collaboration of fashion and science as a key trend in modern fashion design – innovation and environmental friendliness. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, the system method, comparative and structural-functional approaches, the idea of developing a synthesis of science and fashion. As a result of the research, the author comes to conclusions about the transformation of the human worldview under the influence of the collaboration of science and fashion: along with concern for bodily comfort and attraction to new opportunities when using digital clothing, a person begins to strive for material awareness. Scientific developments make it possible to create new materials, each of which allows designers to embody them in products that affect a change in worldview and allow them to create revolutionary inventions in the technologies of creating clothing and innovative textiles: eco-techno textiles, 3D printing, nanotechnology, electronic textiles, smart materials
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Liu, Lina, Jingjing Zeng, Xinnian Wu, Jiansheng Qu, Xuemei Li, Jing Zhang i Jinyu Han. "Review on Eco-Environment Research in the Yellow River Basin: A Bibliometric Perspective". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 19 (22.09.2022): 11986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911986.
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The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important economic zone and ecological barrier in China. The analysis of its research characteristics and hotspots has been helpful to grasping the future research direction. This work carried out text mining and analysis on scientific papers related to eco-environment research in the YRB from English and Chinese publications. It showed that: there was a fluctuating upward trend over the past 30 years, which was closely related to major events in the YRB during the same period. Chinese research institutions have a closer cooperation with the USA, Australia and other developed countries. More articles were from high-quality journals in ecology, the environment, and others. Interestingly, research institutions with more Chinese articles were mainly located around Beijing or the YRB. Additionally, from a research object perspective, both the English and Chinese articles have mainly focused on large areas such as the lower Yellow River, the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the upper reaches of the Yellow River, then turning to small areas such as the Yellow River estuary and the source area of the Yellow River. Eco-environment research in the YRB has involved multiple disciplines, and “water–soil–vegetation–ecological protection” has been widely concerned. From the evolution law of hot topics, it has shown a transformation from quantity to quality, from utilization to management, from macro to micro, from construction to high-quality development. It suggests that future research should focus on water, soil, the ecological environment and local high-quality development in small regions and small watersheds.
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Li, Qianming, Bohong Zheng, Bing Tu, Yusheng Yang, Zhiyuan Wang, Wei Jiang, Kai Yao i Jiawei Yang. "Refining Urban Built-Up Area via Multi-Source Data Fusion for the Analysis of Dongting Lake Eco-Economic Zone Spatiotemporal Expansion". Remote Sensing 12, nr 11 (2.06.2020): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111797.
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Rapid urbanization has given rise to serious urban problems. It is crucial to understand the urbanization process to accurately and quickly identify boundary changes in urban built-up areas and implement planning schemes and adjustments in scientific and effective ways. This study proposes a new method to automate and refine the extraction of urban built-up areas by using Landsat and nighttime light (NTL) imagery. The urban agglomeration of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone (UADLEEZ) Landsat data are mapped to NTL data using resampling, superpixel segmentation, and assigning the blank part with the Euclidean distance method. We then compared our findings with those produced via traditional threshold extraction methods. In total, 33 built-up areas of UADLEEZ boundary maps were produced between 1992 and 2018. Thus, we reached the following conclusions: (1) the urban built-up areas obtained via our proposed method are finer than those obtained via other threshold extraction methods; (2) we applied the extraction method to UADLEEZ, and analyzed the expansion of the urban agglomeration based on expansion scale, gravity center offset, and landscape pattern index, the analysis of expansion process is consistent with the actual situation; (3) the proposed method can be used to draw long-term dynamic maps of urban extents in units of years, and the results can be used to update the existing products. This study can serve as a reference for future urban planning, and provide both adjustment programs for relevant departments, and an objective basis for governmental decision-making.
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Vorontsova, E. V., i A. L. Vorontsov. "General assessment of the environmental status and environmental risks in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation". E3S Web of Conferences 161 (2020): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016101018.
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The article presents an assessment of the current ecological status of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as a promising area of active industrial development. Acknowledging the current negative environmental consequences of human activities in the Arctic, the authors raise the issue of environmental risks in the Arctic region, which inevitably arise due to the intensification of resource extraction in these areas. From the standpoint of a risk-based approach, the authors insist on the need to take into account the environmental safety requirements in the Arctic region when conducting any kind of business and other activities, taking into account the particular vulnerability of the Arctic ecosystems and the climate-forming significance of this region for the entire planet. In their opinion, at present, the problem of environmental safety in the Russian Arctic is aggravated by several unfavorable factors: environmental damage accumulated over a long period of previous economic and military activities; the lack of the necessary legal framework to regulate resource extraction activities in the region, taking into account new environmental requirements; Russia’s lack of the latest eco-friendly technologies for offshore hydrocarbon production. Each of these factors is capable of provoking irreversible environmental consequences, and, accordingly, each of them should be subjected to in-depth scientific evaluation in the framework of strategic and project-economic planning.
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Degteve, S. V., Y. A. Dubrovskiy i A. B. Novakovskiy. "Species and coenotic diversity of fir (Abies sibirica) forests in foothill and mountain landscapes of the Northern and Subpolar Urals". Vegetation of Russia, nr 29 (2016): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2016.29.3.
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The plant cover of the western macroslope of the Urals was studied by the researchers from the Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1989. Investigations, that were carried out in the basin of the Unya river, Pechoro-Ilychsky biosphere reserve and national park «Yugyd va», allowed to obtain information on the structure, dynamics and species diversity for so far poorly studied fir (Abies sibirica) forests within the foothills and mountain zone of Northern and Subpolar Urals (Degteva, Dubrovskiy, 2014). Standard methods adopted in geobotany and forest typology (Ipatov, Mirin, 2008) were used, including Ipatov’s abundance scale for species in herb-dwarf shrub layer assess, at 79 sample plots of 400 m2 size. The data of 32 relevés kept in the phytocenarium of the Institute of Biology were taken into consideration. The level of α-diversity of vascular plants was assessed as a mean value of species number per plot. Ellenberg’s ecological scales (Degteva, Novakovskiy, 2012) adopted to the study area were used in assessing the relations of vegetation and main environmental factors (humidity, soil nutrition, soil acidity and illumination). Data processing was performed using the statistical packages SPSS and PC-ORD (McCune et. al., 2002). Coenoflora of fir forests of area in question includes 169 vascular plant species from 102 genera and 43 families. The leading families are Asteraceae and Poaceae. Species from 16 eco-coenotical groups are present in the coenoflora with 47.1 % belonging to "valley" eco-coenotical group and 29.7 % to taiga-forest one; 8 species are included into the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic.
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Dong, Haibiao, Jing Hao, Zongyu Chen, Guanghui Zhang, Mingjiang Yan i Jinzhe Wang. "Root Water Uptake Patterns for Nitraria during the Growth Period Differing in Time Interval from a Precipitation Event in Arid Regions". Sustainability 14, nr 13 (5.07.2022): 8203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138203.
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Vegetation root water uptake is one of the most central water transport processes along the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface particularly in (semi-)arid ecosystems. The identification and quantification of root activities and water uptake patterns of arid vegetation remain challenging. This paper aims at the quantitative examination of water uptake behaviors of Nitraria, a prevalent desert species in arid environments, during the growth phase via a multivariate linear mixed model based on water stable isotopes, with a main focus on the time interval from a precipitation pulse. The observations indicate that the precipitation events exert periodic significant pulse-effects on vegetation water uptake through direct absorption (contribution of almost 75%) and activation of deep root activity at a certain depth. While in most occasions without rainfall, Nitraria relies on its extremely extensive shallow roots in surface-near lateral zone (contribution of about 60%) to extract massive soil as well as the hydraulic lifting mechanism to survive drought. Achievements would be beneficial to enhancing the understanding of entangled water transport processes and eco-hydrological feedbacks along soil-vegetation interface in arid ecosystems and contribute to a scientific allocation to water resources with the consideration of ecological protection.
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Kiew, Ruth, i Rafidah Abdul Rahman. "Plant diversity assessment of karst limestone, a case study of Malaysia’s Batu Caves". Nature Conservation 44 (11.05.2021): 21–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.44.60175.
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Batu Caves hill is typical of karst hills in Peninsular Malaysia due to its small size and high biodiversity. It harbours 366 vascular plant species that represent about 25% of the Peninsula’s limestone flora. Five species are endemic to Batu Caves and 23 are threatened species. This high biodiversity is the result of many microhabitats, each with their own assemblages of species. Threats are especially severe as the area of Batu Caves is surrounded by urbanisation that encroaches to the foot of cliffs, is vulnerable to fire, habitat disturbance and, formerly, by quarrying. Assigning a Conservation Importance Score (CIS) to all species is quantitative and accurate, can be implemented rapidly and produces reproducible results. Species with highest CIS are native species of primary vegetation, restricted to limestone substrates, endangered conservation status and, in this case, endemic to Batu Caves. It allows not only species, but microhabitats, sites within a hill and different hills to be compared. By identifying and surveying all microhabitats and focusing on locating endemic and threatened species, maximum biodiversity can be captured. Of the 16 microhabitats identified, the most threatened were the buffer zone, lower levels of steep earth-covered slopes and cave entrances. Application of this method provides a scientific basis for balancing the need to protect microhabitats and sites with the highest CIS, with their multiple uses by various stakeholders, which, at Batu Caves, include the activities of cave temples and eco-recreation. It also provides a scientific quantitative method to compare hills to ensure that those hills with highest CIS are not released for mining.
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Grebennikov, Vadim, Ivan Shipilov i Olesya Khonina. "Photosynthetic activity and agro-energy efficiency of growing perennial grasses under different modes of use of the grass stand". Agrarian Bulletin of the 198, nr 7 (31.07.2020): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-198-7-2-11.
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Abstract. The purpose of research is to study the adaptability and stability of new varieties and species of perennial grasses under different modes of use of grass (hay, pasture), aimed at reducing the dependence of their productivity on fluctuations in agrometeorological conditions in the arid zone. The research is based on the methods of designing grasslands adapted to extreme conditions of the arid zone and capable of withstanding temperature, water, and coenotic stresses due to morphophysiological reactions of plants. Results and practical significance. The most productive eco-plastic grass mixtures of new varieties of perennial legumes and grasses that are necessary for creating agrophytocenoses for target use have been identified. Correlative relationships of the productivity level of the species and variety with the physiological parameters of plants were established. The role of the phytocenotic factor that characterizes the relationship of plants in different modes of use of grass (haymaking, pasture) is determined and patterns in the dynamics of accumulation of crop biomass by grass mixtures of different botanical composition are established. The highest biomass on average for 4 years was formed by crops in the mode of haymaking use of grass (alfalfa + wheat grass + brome + sainfoin + melilot – 3.07 t/ha of dry matter). For pasture use, on average, over 4 years, the highest productivity was provided by a grass mixture – alfalfa + fairway + brome + wheatgrass + festulolium + sainfoin + melilot with a collection of 1.5 t/ha of dry matter and 9.6 GJ/ha of exchange energy for a net energy income of 8.7 GJ/ha. Scientific novelty. For the first time for the conditions of the dry-steppe zone, an adaptive approach to the creation of productive stands of perennial grass mixtures with the participation of new varieties and species of legumes and grasses, revealing the mechanism of plant interaction based on the developed optical structure of phytocenosis in different modes of forage use (haymaking, pasture), is proposed.
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Helili, Pariha, i Mei Zan. "Coupling Coordination Development of Urbanization and Ecological Environment in the Urban Agglomeration on the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China". Sustainability 15, nr 5 (23.02.2023): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054099.
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With rapid urbanization and increasingly prominent environmental issues, objective evaluation of the quality of the ecological environment is crucial for environmental protection and sustainable development. Most remote sensing ecological indices (RSEI) used for ecological environmental quality evaluation include only four indicators (greenness, humidity, heat, and dryness), and many studies have ignored the impact of air quality on urban ecological environmental quality in arid areas. This study used the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (UANSTM), China, as the research area based on the Google Earth Engine platform via Landsat remote sensing images and NPP/VIIRS data to establish a new remote sensing ecological index (RSEInew) and compounded night light index of urbanization level. The coupling coordination degree model was used to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of the coordinated development of the ecological environment and urbanization in UANSTM and major cities from 2015 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) compared to RSEI, RSEInew is more suitable for assessing the ecological quality of arid zones because it accounts for air quality; (2) the RSEInew value for the eco-environmental quality of UANSTM from 2015 to 2020 improved and then deteriorated with an overall declining trend. The variation in the RSEInew rating was between “strongly bad” and “neutral,” and there were differences in the quality of the ecological environments among cities; (3) the level of urbanization in the economic zone of UANSTM from 2015 to 2020 increased significantly, and the degree of coordination between urbanization and ecological environmental quality coupling steadily increased but remained moderately imbalanced. The results of this study provide a scientific reference for the economic development and ecological environmental protection of the study area.
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RUBEL, O., А. AGHAYEV, MOFTAH А. KALED A ASALAM, A. A. ZHIKHAREVA i N. REZNICHENKO. "INSTITUTIONAL ECOSYSTEM AS A NEW PARADIGM OF NATURE MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT". Economic innovations 21, nr 4(73) (20.12.2019): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.4(73).139-149.
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Topicality. The non-institutional methodology of environmental management based on the formation of the “institutional ecosystem” has been considered and scientifically substantiated. The scientific categories that provide its methodological integrity are substantiated: “institutional dominants”, “replicates”, “institutional players”, decomposition of these concepts within the framework of modern economic-ecological and neo-institutional theory, its connection in the context of the formation the national institutional model of eco-management. A number of institutional innovations (replicates) have also been proposed, in particular the requirements for updating Annex XXX to the EU - UA Association Agreement in the context of the development of the national eco-management system.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to discuss the challenge to institutional development for institutional ecosystem as a new paradigm of nature management development.Research results. Institutional ecosystem - a dynamic, balanced, sustainable, self-replicating, regulated system that is "comfortable" for the entities of institutional relationships that transact with each other, is also a source of institutional ecosystem formation (role of the entity), involved in its formation , development, regulation (through the formation of institutional discourse), consumption (through the use of part of the institutional environment under its influence) and acting on principles: Institutional prediction based on the transformation of institutional dominance; -Replication (timely exit from the "comfort zone" for institutional transformations and system fertility at different hierarchical levels; Incubation - ensuring the completeness of the institutional cycle. There is an institutional ecosystem equilibrium balance between institutional rules (dominant), conditions (subdominants). However, this situation is short-lived: In the current context, institutional dominance is changing rapidly. And the institutional ecosystem has to “adjust” internal institutional conditions (subdominants) in order to obtain a state of equilibrium (institutional homeostasis).Conclusion. 1. The ecosystem, as a scientific category used in economics, is primarily characterized by internal dynamics and development under the influence of internal and external factors. 2. The ecosystem is seen as a network consisting of elements, some of which are the largest and define ecosystem health; it is defined by the relevant dominant. 3. Cooperative and mutual aid processes play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems, regardless of the status and capabilities of their participants. This approach is completely in line with the basic tenet of the non-institutional economy on the support and role of "weak links".
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Kehl, John, Brett Waring, Robyn Smith i David Nalder. "Multiple Use Management Planning in Queensland, Australia: the Koombooloomba Ecotourism Project (a case study)". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, nr 4 (1.04.2001): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0123.
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Queensland, Australia's second largest state, has 4 million hectares of publicly owned state forest, managed for multiple use. The government and the community expect state forest management to protect biodiversity, landscapes, cultural heritage values and water quality. State forests are also available for a wide range of commercial and non-commercial uses including timber harvesting, honey production, eco-tourism,grazing, mining, quarrying, education, scientific research, military training and recreation. A proportion of this estate is located throughout Queensland's coastal zone, in close proximity to the major population centres. In the coastal mountains in particular, the juxtaposition of high conservation values, commercial timber, recreation and eco-tourism demands precipitates conflict over forest use and presents a challenge for multiple use planning systems. Beginning in 1986, state forest planning utilised a system called Management Priority Area Zoning (MPAZ). This was a manual system which partitioned forestry land into primary priority use zones with a variety of secondary uses permitted. Decisions were made by professional foresters without public input. Although many of the concepts in MPAZ are still valid,such an autocratic approach is no longer acceptable. In 1998, development began on a new forest planning system known as MUMPS (Multiple Use Management Planning System). It is broadly based on MPAZ, but incorporates GIS and decision-support technology coupled with the capacity for structured community participation. MUMPS is designed to operate on a scale of 50 000 to 100 000 ha, with the planning area subdivided into 100 to 150 planning units. At its analytical core, MUMPS is a phased process for forming a steering committee: collation of site-specific data, assessment and evaluation of a number of forest uses, procedures for gauging and incorporating community and stakeholder values and a process for examining management and compatibility as well as the preparation of a draft and final plan. To ensure its effectiveness, MUMPS is being developed in an iterative manner with field trials based on MUMPS modules and concepts, while the whole system is being integrated and refined. The Koombooloomba Ecotourism Project is one of these MUMPS trials. The site of the trial is a tropical, mountainous region in northern Queensland, partly in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. It includes an hydro-electric dam within publicly owned native forest and encompasses a number of key values including the world heritage rainforest, conservation,hydro-power generation, indigenous culture, timber,eco-tourism and recreation. In this case, MUMPS took over a stalled, unstructured planning process. The MUMPS process reinvigorated the earlier planning project, broadened the assessed values and resulted in a management plan. The case study demonstrates how forest managers, the community (including traditional Aboriginal land-owners),commercial tourism, recreationists and the hydro-electricity industry can cooperate in the sustainable management of a listed World Heritage mountain forest area. Issues associated with the methodology, community involvement and management implications are discussed and analysed.
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Tolstoy, Aleksandr, Valery Lesovik, Roman Fediuk, Mugahed Amran, Murali Gunasekaran, Nikolai Vatin i Yuriy Vasilev. "Production of Greener High-Strength Concrete Using Russian Quartz Sandstone Mine Waste Aggregates". Materials 13, nr 23 (7.12.2020): 5575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235575.
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Quartz sandstone (QS) is a mine waste; therefore, its use in construction allows for both reducing the cost of the concrete and contributing to the utilization of waste. The scientific originality of this study is the identification of models of the effect of QS aggregate on the physicomechanical, durability characteristics, and eco-safety of greener high-strength concrete. The study used an energy-efficient method of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic pulses on the destruction mechanisms of quartz-containing raw materials. The characteristics of quartzite sandstone aggregates, including the natural activity of radionuclides, were comprehensively studied. The features of concrete hardening, including the formation of an interfacial transition zone between the aggregate and the cement matrix, were studied, taking into account the chemical and morphological features of quartzite sandstone. In addition, the microstructural and morphological properties of concrete were determined after a 28 day curing. In this study, the behaviors of the concrete with QS aggregate were investigated, bearing in mind the provisions of geomimetics science on the affinity of structures. The results obtained showed that the QS aggregate had the activity of natural radionuclides 3–4 times lower compared to traditional aggregates. Efficient greener concrete with a 46.3 MPa compressive strength, water permeability grade W14, and freeze–thaw resistance of 300 cycles were also obtained, demonstrating that the performance of this greener concrete was comparable to that of traditional concrete with more expensive granite or gabbro diabase aggregates.
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Li, K., i G. S. Li. "Vulnerability assessment of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong Province". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, nr 7 (20.07.2011): 2003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2003-2011.
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Abstract. Being bordered by the South China Sea and with long coastline, the coastal zone of Guangdong Province is often under severe risk of storm surges, as one of a few regions in China which is seriously threatened by storm surges. This article systematically analyzes the vulnerability factors of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong (from Yangjing to Shanwei). Five vulnerability assessment indicators of hazard-bearing bodies are proposed, which are social economic index, land use index, eco-environmental index, coastal construction index, and disaster-bearing capability index. Then storm surge vulnerability assessment index system in the coastal area of Guangdong is established. Additionally, the international general mode about coastal vulnerability assessment is improved, and the vulnerability evolution model of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong is constructed. Using ArcGIS, the vulnerability zoning map of storm surges in the study region is drawn. Results show that there is the highest degree of storm surge vulnerability in Zhuhai, Panyu, and Taishan; second in Zhongshan, Dongguan, Huiyang, and Haifeng; third in Jiangmen, Shanwei, Yangjiang, and Yangdong; fourth in Baoan, Kaiping, and Enping; and lowest in Guangzhou, Shunde, Shenzhen, and Longgang. This study on the risk of storm surges in these coastal cities can guide the land use of coastal cities in the future, and provide scientific advice for the government to prevent and mitigate the storm surge disasters. It has important theoretical and practical significance.
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Petrescu, A. M. R., R. Abad-Viñas, G. Janssens-Maenhout, V. Blujdea i G. Grassi. "Global estimates of C stock changes in living forest biomass: EDGARv4.3 – 5FL1 time series from 1990 to 2010". Biogeosciences Discussions 9, nr 3 (26.03.2012): 3767–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-3767-2012.
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Abstract. While the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) focuses on global estimates for the full set of anthropogenic activities, the Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector might be the most diverse and most challenging to cover consistently for all world countries. Parties to UNFCCC are required to provide periodic estimates of GHG emissions, following the latest approved methodological guidance by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The aim of the current study is comparing the IPCC GPG 2003 and the IPCC AFOLU 2006 by calculating the C stock changes in living forest biomass, and then using computed results to extend the EDGAR database. For this purpose, we applied the IPCC Tier 1 method at global level, i.e. using spatially coarse activity data (i.e. area, obtained combining two different global forest maps: the Global Land Cover map and the eco-zones subdivision of the GEZ Ecological Zone map) in combination with the IPCC default C stocks and C stock change factors. Results for the C stock changes were calculated separately for Gains, Harvest, Net Deforestation and Fires (GFED3), for the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010. At the global level, results obtained with the two set of IPCC guidance differed by about 40%, due to different assumptions and default factors. The IPCC Tier 1 method unavoidably introduced high uncertainties due to the "globalization" of parameters. When the results using IPCC AFOLU 2006 for Annex I countries are compared to other international datasets (UNFCCC, FAO) or scientific publications, it emerges a significant overestimation of the sink. For developing countries, we conclude that C stock change in forest remaining forest can hardly be estimated with Tier 1 method. Overall, confronting the IPCC 2003 and 2006 methodologies we conclude that IPCC 2006 suits best the needs of EDGAR and provide a consistent global picture of C stock changes in living forest biomass independent of country estimates.
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TABAKAEVA, Evgeniya, Alexander DUNETS i Oleg Akimov. "Low-mountain territories of Bolshaya Belokurikha: tourism design based on the recreation opportunity spectrum". Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, nr 1 (30.03.2023): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-1-182-196.
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Introduction. Bolshaya Belokurikha is a dynamically developing tourist destination in the low mountains of the Altai Territory with a sufficient number of underdeveloped territories near the resort town of Belokurikha. The article shows the application of a territory management system based on the recreation opportunity spectrum for the design of the developing territories of Bolshaya Belokurikha. The purpose of the study is to classify the tourist areas of Bolshaya Belokurikha in accordance with the recreation opportunity spectrum and develop recommendations for their design. Materials and methods. The study included the following stages: 1) analysis of the existing use of territories, 2) defining of opportunity setting factors (controlled factors), 3) description of the potential recreation opportunity spectrum with specific values of factors for each class of territory, 4) typification of the territories of Bolshaya Belokurikha in accordance with the characterized spectrum classes, 5) comparison of the planned classes with the current state of the territories and the formulation of design recommendations. The following methods were used to collect data: observation, analysis of secondary data, non-standardized survey of experts from the scientific and business communities in the field of tourism in the form of interviews with open-end questions. At the data processing stage, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and classification were used. As opportunity setting factors (controlled factors), we chose the frequency of encounters with other visitors, the density of buildings and infrastructure, the type of accommodation facilities, the number of service facilities, the type of access to the territory (development of the transport and route network and its quality). Results. The potential recreation opportunity spectrum of Bolshaya Belokurikha includes 8 classes of territories that can satisfy the different needs of visitors: urban territory (obtaining the widest possible range of services in the most comfortable conditions), rural areas (rest from the bustle of the city in comfortable conditions, eco-food, immersion in rural life), motorized sightseeing (quick access to nature in relatively comfortable conditions), a pedestrian zone (short walks along specially equipped health trails near the urban area), semi-primitive motorized territory (active secluded outdoor recreation in comfortable conditions with the possibility of moving on ATVs, bicycles, etc.), hiking zone (solitary short-term (1-3 days) recreation in comfortable conditions, light hiking with overnight stays at camp sites, in glampings, etc.), backcountry (trekking) zone (solitary recreation in training conditions, long hiking with overnight stays in tents in designated places), primitive territory (full immersion in nature with a high level of risk and difficulty). Discussion. Taking into account current trends in demand, the most attention in terms of design in Bolshaya Belokurikha is currently required by the semi-primitive motorized zone and the hiking zone: it is necessary to create accommodation facilities, equip existing routes and design new ones in accordance with the standards defined for each class of territory. Conclusion. The analysis of the existing use of tourist areas within Bolshaya Belokurikha showed that over time, the structure of the tourist space becomes more complex and the transition from point development to area development takes place. The conditions for the development of the tourist territories of Bolshaya Belokurikha as a whole tourist complex and its competitiveness on the basis of the implementation of recreation opportunity spectrum are determined. Resume. 1. The potential recreation opportunity spectrum in the tourist areas of Bolshaya Belokurikha is described in the form of standards for 8 classes of territories. 2. Types of recreational opportunities that require priority development are identified, objects for design are proposed. Suggestions for practical application and direction for future research. The results of the research can be useful in the development of spatial planning schemes for municipal districts and master plans for tourist areas in Bolshaya Belokurikha, as well as in the development of a methodological base for designing tourist areas. Further research can be aimed at conducting a detailed functional zoning of tourist areas in Bolshaya Belokurikha, taking into account the identified recreation opportunitу spectrum.
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Chen, Wen, Jinjie Wang, Jianli Ding, Xiangyu Ge, Lijing Han i Shaofeng Qin. "Detecting Long-Term Series Eco-Environmental Quality Changes and Driving Factors Using the Remote Sensing Ecological Index with Salinity Adaptability (RSEISI): A Case Study in the Tarim River Basin, China". Land 12, nr 7 (28.06.2023): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071309.
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Ecological challenges resulting from soil salinization in the Tarim River Basin (TRB), exacerbated by climate change and human activities, have emphasized the need for a quick and accurate assessment of regional ecological environmental quality (EEQ) and driving mechanisms. To address this issue, this study has developed a remote-sensing ecological index with salinity adaptability (RSEISI) for EEQ assessment in the Tarim River Basin by integrating the comprehensive salinity index (CSI) into the remote-sensing ecological index (RSEI). The RSEISI enhances the sensitivity of soil salinity and characterizes the surface features of arid regions, thus expanding the applicability. Then, we used time-series analysis methods and a geodetector to quantify the spatial temporal trends and driving factors of EEQ in the TRB from 2000 to 2022. The results show that the RSEISI with salinity adaptation effectively monitors the EEQ of the TRB. The EEQ of the TRB displayed the situation of oasis expansion, desert deterioration, and glacier melting, and the multiyear average EEQ grades were dominated by medium and poor grades in desert and saline areas, while medium, good, and excellent grades were concentrated in oasis and mountainous areas. Looking at the trend of change in conjunction with land-use types, the EEQ of the TRB showed a mild degradation trend mainly in unused land, followed by a mild improvement trend in cropland and grassland. The Hurst index indicated that the EEQ of most areas of the TRB will improve in the future. Soil type, land use, precipitation, and temperature were considered to be key factors affecting the EEQ across the TRB, and changes in the EEQ were found to be the interaction of multiple factors. This study may provide innovative concepts and methodologies, scientific and technological support for ecological management, and green development models in the northwest arid zone.
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Lou, Yuanyuan, Dan Yang, Pengyan Zhang, Ying Zhang, Meiling Song, Yicheng Huang i Wenlong Jing. "Multi-Scenario Simulation of Land Use Changes with Ecosystem Service Value in the Yellow River Basin". Land 11, nr 7 (29.06.2022): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11070992.
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Land use change plays a crucial role in global environmental change. Understanding the mode and land use change procedure is conducive to improving the quality of the global eco-environment and promoting the harmonized development of human–land relationships. Large river basins play an important role in areal socioeconomic development. The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important ecological protective screen, economic zone, and major grain producing area in China, which faces challenges with respect to ecological degradation and water and sediment management. Simulating the alterations in ecosystem service value (ESV) owing to land use change in the YRB under multiple scenarios is of great importance to guaranteeing the ecological security of the basin and improve the regional ESV. According to the land use data of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018, the alterations in the land use and ESV in the YRB over the past 30 years were calculated and analyzed on the basis of six land use types: cultivated land, forestland, grassland, water area, built-up land, and unused land. The patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model was used to simulate the land use change in the study area under three scenarios (natural development, cultivated land protection, and ecological protection in 2026); estimate the ESV under each scenario; and conduct a comparative analysis. We found that the land use area in the YRB changed significantly during the study period. The ESV of the YRB has slowly increased by ~USD 15 billion over the past 30 years. The ESV obtained under the ecological protection scenario is the highest. The simulation of the YRB’s future land use change, and comparison and analysis of the ESV under different scenarios, provide guidance and a scientific basis for promoting ecological conservation and high-quality development of river basins worldwide.
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Hych, Olha, Oksana Zakora, Mariia Rastorhuieva i Andrii Zilinskyi. "Trial using of ultrasonic cavitation in cottonization processes of hemp fibers". ScienceRise, nr 4 (31.08.2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002042.
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The object of research: ultrasonic processing technology of textile materials.
Investigated problem: increasing the degree of splitting of complex hemp fibers due to the effect of the mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation on them.
The main scientific results: The article shows the potential of textile production to ensure the environmental friendliness of textile products, and the development and implementation of new eco-technologies of physical and mechanical cottonization of hemp fiber is important in this. Analysis of existing methods of cottonization and structural features of hemp fibers has led to the conclusion that the destruction of cellulose satellites in complex fiber can be considered as a process of purification from impurities, since the technologies for purification of substances in the aquatic environment by ultrasound now are widely used. Therefore the process of cottonization of hemp by technology of ultrasonic treatment was used in this investigation for the first time. The basic principle effect on the textile material what placed in the liquid are the hydroacoustic effects formed by the collapse of cavitation bubbles in the contact zone "liquid-material". Experimental studies of the geometric characteristics of the obtained hemp cottonine were carried out, and the effectiveness of the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the change of the structure of hemp fiber was confirmed. Due to the removal of inlaid substances under the action of cavitation, the complex fibers of hemp were split, as a result of which the range of variation and the absolute value of their length and linear density were decreased.
The scope of practical use of the research results: textile enterprises of deep processing of bast raw materials into technical and household yarns.
Innovation technological product: technology of ultrasonic cottonization of hemp fibers.
The scope of using the innovation technological product: manufacturing of textile hemp products for general use.
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Mudrak, О., G. Mudrak, V. Serebryakov, A. Shcherbliuk i О. Romanchuk. "The necessity of expanding the territory of «Karmelyukove Podillia» National Natural Park". Agroecological journal, nr 1 (6.04.2021): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2021.227234.
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Based on comprehensive environmental monitoring, geobotanical, zoogeographical, landscape-ecological, hydro-ecological, forest-typological, agroecological principles and approaches and own field research, it is proposed to expand the area of the national natural park (NNP) «Karmelyukove Podillya» within Vinnytsia region. The general ecological and geographical characteristics of the park from the standpoint of physical-geographical and geobotanical zoning are given. It is shown which objects of the nature reserve fund (NRF) are parts of the park. The structural elements of the ecological network of the park have been identified (natural cores: 1 — Britavske; 2 — Chervonohreblyanske; 3 — Verbske; 4 — Bondurivske; 5 — Kurenivske; 6 — Novoukrainske; 7 — Lubomyrkivske as well as regenerative territories: 1 — Novoukrainska; 2 — Verbska; 3 — Stratiyivska; 4 — Bondurivska; 5 — Luzhska; 6 — Chervonohreblyanska), functional zoning of its territory was carried out, where representative and rare ecosystems are taken into account. The functional zoning of the NNP territory is shown, where typical, representative and rare ecosystems are taken into account. The necessity of changing the regime of the territory of the tract «Stratiyivska Dacha» in quarters 72, 74–75 on the area of 641 ha from the economic zone to the zone of regulated recreation is substantiated. The need to include in the park with the right of permanent use of the tract «Vyshenka», an area of 47.7 hectares, located within the Chechelnytsia village council as a holistic natural complex, represented by unique landscapes of different types of ecosystems, including forest, meadow-steppe and water-wamps. This area is characterized by 8 habitats with valuable associations of plant groups, which include 15 regionally rare species and 9 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, home to more than 50 species of animals with international and national sozological status. In general, it is advisable to transfer other territories to the NNP for permanent use: ornithological reserve of local significance «Stavky» — 6.9 ha; lands of historical and cultural purpose — 17.3 hectares; forest reserve land — 7.7 hectares; agricultural land — 25.5 hectares; shrubs, reserve land — 7.3 hectares. The total area of these plots is 64.7 hectares, which together with the tract «Vyshenka» will be 112.4 hectares. The inclusion of these areas in the park will preserve representative landscapes with diverse flora and fauna, rational use of recreational potential, promote eco-tourism, sport hunting and fishing, introduce permanent nature education, conservation and environmental education, create new jobs for the population and will maintain the established regime of park protection and engage in organic farming. Currently, the park needs to conduct scientific activities, develop various types of ecological tourism — hiking, biking, equestrian, water, health, historical and cultural, to develop ecological and educational trails, and increase the ecological and educational level of the local population, in the economic zone to engage in organic farming. At present, this work should be aimed at reviving folk traditions in the field of nature protection and forming a caring attitude to the nature of the native land.
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Ustуmenko, P. M., S. Yu Popovуch i D. V. Dubyna. "«Green Book»: levels of functioning, syntaxonomy, structuring". Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 12, nr 1 (31.03.2021): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest2021.01.009.
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The study of phytocenotic diversity in the light of modern scientific concepts of its preservation is now a new and to some extent holistic worldview of this global problem for humanity. According to the panphytocenocentric concept, its solution should be carried out at the local, regional, national and international levels. Protection of phytocenotic diversity in Ukraine has become an integral part of the concept of ecologically balanced development, national programs for biodiversity conservation as a mandatory element of state environmental policy. Therefore, it is important to preserve phytocoenotic diversity as a set of phytocoenotic taxa, which reflect all levels of organization of phytocoenosystems, which were formed in the process of phylocenogenesis in various eco-conditions and assessed by a set of geososological features. The purpose of the publication is a comprehensive level analysis of the current composition of the rare phytocenosis of Ukraine, establishing a new list of rare syntaxons, elaboration of the latest structure of the second official edition of the Green Book of Ukraine and outlining tasks for the future. The issues of the second official edition of the “Green Book of Ukraine” are considered. In this context, a critical analysis of the syntaxonomic composition of the currently functioning rare phytocenofund of Ukraine is carried out, methodological violations of their selection are revealed, the structure of the description of rare syntaxons is offered. The authors have identified 983 associations of 104 formations, which will be taken as the basis for the second official publication of the “Green Book of Ukraine”. An important element of the syntaxonomic protection of vegetation is also the creation of regional (oblast) lists of rare associations based on the principles of creating the “Green Book of Ukraine”. For the first time a modern rare phytocenofund for its main natural regions has been determined: Ukrainian Polissya, Ukrainian Carpathians, Podolsk part of the forest zone, Forest-steppe of Ukraine, Steppe of Ukraine, Mountain Crimea.
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Ramazanova, Zoya B., i Sevda A. Suleimanova. "DRINKS OF THE PEOPLES OF DAGESTAN IN THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES". History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, nr 2 (1.07.2021): 480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch172480-492.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the drinks of the peoples of Dagestan in the period under study, which represent a certain independent subsystem within the general food system. The article was written based on the material of the ethnographic expeditions of 1985-2005. in the districts of Dagestan.The relevance of the research topic is due to the environmental crisis, initiated by the growth of industrialization, increased antagonism. an appeal to the historical experience of the peoples of Dagestan makes it possible to identify positive examples of an eco-oriented attitude towards the natural environment of the Dagestanis in the period under study. The heightened interest in the national origins of modern culture, in particular, in everyday culture, which has emerged recently; the location of Dagestan in the contact zone, in which local traditional forms and phenomena are intertwined with European and Near Eastern ones, also actualize the topic raised in the article.The ethnographic materials of the author became the sources for the study. Field ethnographic materials on the peoples of Dagestan are considered from the point of view of a special and comprehensive study of drinks as a specific subsystem within the general nutrition system. The generalization of information from sources on ethnography made it possible to get an idea of the place and composition of the drinks of the peoples of Dagestan, about the stability of traditions, about the dependence on natural and geographical conditions and economy.Methodology of the work. The research is based on the principle of historicism, which makes it possible to analyze the traditional drinks of the peoples of Dagestan in the context of socio-cultural changes. Also, the method of logical research has become important in the article, the task of which is to reveal the role that the individual elements of the system play in the whole. Along with general scientific methods, private research methods were used in the work: identifying a specific, descriptive method, a method of generalization. The field of application of the research results is in educational and research activities.
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Wang, Wenlin, Wenjing Li, Mengyong Xue, Xiaomin Gu, Chenghui Ye, Yanwen Jiao, Bo Liu, Yujie Han, Yi Tong i Xiaofei Zhang. "Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Lake Water and Groundwater Chemistry in Hulun Lake, Northeast China". Water 15, nr 5 (28.02.2023): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15050937.
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Lakes in cold and arid regions are extremely vulnerable to global climate change, and the study of seasonal spatial and temporal fluctuations of lake-groundwater chemistry is of major significance for water resource management and environmental preservation. In this study, we combined hydrogeochemical, multivariate statistical, and spatial interpolation methods to assess spatial and temporal variations of lake and groundwater chemistry in Hulun Lake during the frozen and non-frozen periods. The results show that sodium (Na+) is the most abundant cation in the Hulun Lake area. Bicarbonate (HCO3−) and sulfate (SO42−) are the most predominant anions in the lake, river, and ground water during both seasons. The higher Na+ + K+ concentrations in the frozen season were related to longer circulation time and lower renewable rate. The water chemistry of the lake was of the HCO3-SO4-Cl-Na type and that of groundwater in the east and west regions was of the SO4-Cl-Na and HCO3-Na types, respectively. The chemical compositions of groundwater in the non-frozen season were mainly affected by evaporation and concentration, while rock weathering, evaporation, and human activities jointly controlled groundwater chemical component in the frozen period. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods, Ca2+, NO3−, and SO42− were identified as the main controlling indicators of the chemical characteristics of groundwater and lake water. The increase of Ca2+ concentration in the center of the lake was related to groundwater discharge along the marginal tectonic fracture zone along the lake shores, which was the potential groundwater discharge area. The unconsolidated aquifer provides recharge channels for groundwater on the eastern side, which has a certain influence on the increase of nutrient concentration (NO3−) in the lake on the eastern shore. This research adds to our rough understanding of the lake-groundwater interaction in Hulun Lake, and provides a scientific foundation for the sustainable use of water resources, as well as the eco-logical integrity preservation in cold and arid regions.
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Hu, Xiaojing, Chuanming Ma, Xu Guo, Yonggang Li, Hanxiang Xiong, Yang Qiu i Hao Cui. "Groundwater Function Zoning for Groundwater Management Based on RSF, EEF, and GEF in the Plain of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, China". Water 15, nr 17 (4.09.2023): 3158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173158.
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Groundwater function zoning is an important means to ensure that groundwater plays its various functions, which can provide a scientific basis for the protection and development of groundwater resources. Water resources are scarce in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration (CPUA), so it is of great significance to evaluate groundwater vulnerability and to zone groundwater function in this area. In this study, the resource supply function (RSF), eco-environment function (EEF), and geo-environment function (GEF) of groundwater were analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), maximum method, and dominant mark method, so as to divide the shallow groundwater function in the plain of the CPUA. The results show that the reservation areas (32.0%) are distributed in the areas from Luoning County to Yanjin County, Changyuan County to Xinzheng County, and the areas near mountainous in the south of the CPUA. The geological-disaster-prone areas (29.5%) are distributed in the areas from Ruyang County to Luohe City, Weihui County to Jiyuan City, Xingyang County to Changge County, Changyuan County to Yuanyang County, and Kaifeng City. The development and utilization areas (6.4%) are distributed near mountainous areas in the CPUA. The ecologically vulnerable areas (7.5%) are distributed in the east of Kaifeng City and the northeast of Xinxiang City. The conservation areas (24.6%) are distributed in the areas from Ruyang County to Wuyang County, Xinzheng County to Xingyang County, the north of Xuchang City, the east of Luohe City, Kaifeng City, and Xinxiang City. In order to better manage the groundwater, this study evaluates the vulnerability of the groundwater using the DRASTIC model and makes a single indicator sensitivity analysis. The results show that the accuracies of indicators D, A, and I are particularly important for this vulnerability evaluation. According to the groundwater vulnerability and the land use types, some suggestions were put forward. The research results can provide a reference for groundwater management and development in the CPUA and other areas.
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Pogrebnyak, Volodymyr G., Igor I. Chudyk, Andriy V. Pogrebnyak i Iryna V. Perkun. "Perforation of oil and gas wells by a high-velocity jet of polymer solution". Nafta-Gaz 78, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2022.01.01.
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ABSTRACT: The work is devoted to the development of a technological process for perforating oil and gas well casing strings by a high-velocity jet of a polymer solution. The proposed method of well perforation refers to methods for the secondary opening of productive deposits in the well by hydrojet perforation of the casing strings, annulus cement ring (stone) and rock. The new knowledge about the dynamics of polymer solutions under the conditions of flow through the jet-forming nozzles of a hydroperfora-tor, which create a high-velocity jet, became the main scientific basis for this method of hydroperforation of oil and gas well casings. The study of the reaction of polymer solutions to the hydrodynamic effect with stretching led to the formulation of a structural con-cept, the “common denominator” of which is a strong deformation effect of the hydrodynamic field on macromolecular coils, which in terms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics generates a kind of rubber-like high elasticity. The peculiarities of the hydrodynamic behaviour of aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) during flow under the conditions of various nozzle jets were modelled, and the regularities of the influence of the resulting dynamic structures on the efficiency of hydrojet water–polymer perforation were established. The mechanism of hydrojet water–polymer perforation of casing columns in oil and gas wells was clarified. The mecha-nism of the large destructive capacity of a high-velocity polymer solution jet is not due to the reduction of turbulent friction by small polymer additives (the Toms effect), but consists in the destructive action of the dynamic pressure of the water–polymer jet “rein-forced” by highly developed macromolecular coils and the dynamic structures formed under the action of extended flow in the inlet section of the hydroperforator nozzles. The method of perforating oil and gas well casings comprises the exact determination of the perforation zone in lowering on production tubing a hydroperforator with 2–4 jet flow-forming nozzles for directing hydrojet to the zone of perforation, sealing the inside cavity of tubing pipes and the jet operators, actuating a ball valve at the bottom of the jet operators, sealing the annulus with a self-sealing gland and supplying the working cutting fluid to the tubing – which differs in that the aqueous solution of PEO used as a working cutting fluid has a molecular weight of 6 · 106 and a concentration 0.003–0.007% by weight and a working pressure of 100–300 MPa. The PEO additives are very environmentally friendly because this polymer is not harmful to humans or the environment. Experimental and industrial testing of this method of well perforation, which was carried out during the secondary opening of a reservoir at a well in the Carpathian oil- and gas-bearing region, confirmed the practical and eco-nomic feasibility of its use.
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Petrescu, A. M. R., R. Abad-Viñas, G. Janssens-Maenhout, V. N. B. Blujdea i G. Grassi. "Global estimates of carbon stock changes in living forest biomass: EDGARv4.3 – time series from 1990 to 2010". Biogeosciences 9, nr 8 (30.08.2012): 3437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3437-2012.
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Abstract. While the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) focuses on global estimates for the full set of anthropogenic activities, the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector might be the most diverse and most challenging to cover consistently for all countries of the world. Parties to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are required to provide periodic estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, following the latest approved methodological guidance by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The current study aims to consistently estimate the carbon (C) stock changes from living forest biomass for all countries of the world, in order to complete the LULUCF sector in EDGAR. In order to derive comparable estimates for developing and developed countries, it is crucial to use a single methodology with global applicability. Data for developing countries are generally poor, such that only the Tier 1 methods from either the IPCC Good Practice Guide for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG-LULUCF) 2003 or the IPCC 2006 Guidelines can be applied to these countries. For this purpose, we applied the IPCC Tier 1 method at global level following both IPCC GPG-LULUCF 2003 and IPCC 2006, using spatially coarse activity data (i.e. area, obtained combining two different global forest maps: the Global Land Cover map and the eco-zones subdivision of the Global Ecological Zone (GEZ) map) in combination with the IPCC default C stocks and C stock change factors. Results for the C stock changes were calculated separately for gains, harvest, fires (Global Fire Emissions Database version 3, GFEDv.3) and net deforestation for the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010. At the global level, results obtained with the two sets of IPCC guidance differed by about 40 %, due to different assumptions and default factors. The IPCC Tier 1 method unavoidably introduced high uncertainties due to the "globalization" of parameters. When the results using IPCC 2006 for Annex I Parties are compared to other international datasets such as (UNFCCC, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)) or scientific publications, a significant overestimation of the sink emerges. For developing countries, we conclude that C stock change in forest remaining forest can hardly be estimated with the Tier 1 method especially for calculating the C losses, mainly because wood removal data are not separately available on harvesting or deforestation. Overall, confronting the IPCC GPG-LULUCF 2003 and IPCC 2006 methodologies, we conclude that IPCC 2006 suits best the needs of EDGAR and provide a consistent global picture of C stock changes from living forest biomass independent of country estimates.
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Marekha, I., T. Kurbatova, K. Kyrychenko, D. Laznenko i O. Chygryn. "GREEN CAMPUS IN THE UNIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD". Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, nr 4 (2021): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.4-30.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the world practice of implementing Green Campuses programs in higher education institutions and assess the possibilities of practical implementation of the principles of sustainable development in Ukrainian universities. The following methods were used in the study: retrospective analysis – in considering the main stages of thegreen campusesconcept evolution, system-structural analysis – in substantiating and building a five-support structure of eco-campus, comparative analysis – in presenting examples of effective organization Green campuses on a global scale. The article emphasizes that universities around the world support the mission of providing future professionals with quality education that will promote the adequate development of student skills for the benefit of the community and the state. Therefore, the values that are incorporated by certain institutions of higher education are an essential factor that guides entrants when choosing a place of study. In this context, more and more universities on a global scale have begun to pay attention to the importance of including environmental friendliness and resource efficiency as an integral part of their corporate culture and even architecture. The aim of this environmental initiative is to create an ideological basis for students who would live environmentally sustainable activities as a daily practice. Along with environmental benefits for humans and the environment, green campuses bring economic, social, and reputational benefits to following universities. The authors of the article derived a five-pronged structure of green campuses, which is the basis of theoretical and conceptual provisions for the greening of educational activities. Yes, this structure provides the following system components as green administration of free economic zone, greening of educational and methodical activity, scientific and innovative activity in the field of green economy, ecological education of students and partnership for the purposes of sustainable development. The article presents global examples of effective organization of “green campuses” with justification of practical results. The UI GreenMetric rating system, in which Sumy State University became a participant, was detailed and briefly described, taking second place due to its pro-environmental activity, which is systematic and strategic.
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Rozputnyi, O., V. Herasymenko, I. Pertsovyi i M. Saveko. "Migration of 137Cs and 90Sr from black soil into vegetable of the Central part of the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine". Agrobìologìâ, nr 2(142) (22.12.2018): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2018-142-2-90-98.
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Regardless of the time after the Chernobyl disaster, the problem of radioactive contamination is very urgent. At present, 6.7 million hectares of our country remain contaminated, of which 1.2 million hectares of land are contaminated with 137Cs with a density of 42 to 589 kBq/m2 (1–15 Ci/km2). There are 2,161 settlements in the radioactively contaminated territories, where there are about 3 million inhabitants. For the inhabitants of rural areas of these settlements, the main part of food products belongs to the products obtained from the land, so the definition of plant contamination by artificial radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr on the lands affected by radioactive contamination. The Chernobyl accident is relevant, since the internal dose of radiation is formed due to consumed products, grown in private plots. Reducing the transition of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr from soil to crop production is one of the main tasks of agricultural production on contaminated radionuclide lands. The realization of these researchers will clarify the current state of migration of data of radionuclides in the soil-vegetation link in the agro eco systems of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine. From the moment of the Chernobyl accident, leading scientists conducted a sufficiently large number of scientific studies on the migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in agricultural production facilities, their accumulation in food products and the assessment of human exposure doses. The focus of the scholars focused on the territory of Polissya. Preferably migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in separate links and systems of the trophic chain. In addition, somewhat more attention is paid to 137Cs, which is the main dose-forming radionuclide. In addition, in forest-steppe areas that are radioactively contaminated, a significant proportion of pollution occurs at 90Sr, whose migration rate, according to scientists, will gradually increase. All these data led to the need for a detailed study of the state of migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in the soil-vegetation chain of agro eco systems of agricultural enterprises and private parts of the central forest-steppe affected by radioactive contamination because of the Chornobyl accident in the remote period. The purpose of these studies was to study the migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in the chain of soil plants in the villages Yosypivka and Tarasivka of the Kyiv region of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine, as well as the determination of the coefficients of transition of 137Cs and 90Sr from typical black soil to vegetable products for the next prognostication. The investigated areas of the Bila Tserkva district are located in the north-eastern part of the right-bank forest-steppe region of Ukraine and are represented mainly by typical low-humus black soil in the forests within the boundary plains. In order to achieve this goal, selection of samples of crop production and soil was carried out on private plots of peasants of Yosypivska and Tarasivska villages of the Bila Tserkva district of Kyiv region according to generally accepted methods. The territory of these settlements fell into the zone of the "southern trace of radioactive contamination" and is associated with the third and fourth zones of radioactive contamination. After preparation of samples, the activity of 137Cs and 90Sr was determined in the life safety department of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University at the USK Gamma Plus spectrometric complex according to the methodology for this device. To determine 90Sr, selective radiochemical separation was performed by precipitation of oxalates. The 90Sr determination was performed on the USC Gamma Plus beta spectrometric path. These studies were processed using the statistical method using the Microsoft Excel program. The main vegetable crops grown on private plots were carrots, cucumbers, potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes, zucchini, onions, peppers and radish. These studies were conducted during 2016-2018. From the data of the research it is clear that the least activity of 137Cs was in potatoes, onions and cucumbers. In zucchini and pepper, it appeared twice, carrots and tomatoes – almost four times, beets and radish – almost in 8, and beans – 11 times higher. Our studies show that there is a direct proportional relationship between the activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in the yield of vegetable crops and the level of the soil contamination. The research results make it possible, on the basis of the explained coefficient of transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr, to predict the contamination by plant radionuclides that will be grown in radioactive contaminated territories of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The coefficients of transition of 137Cs from soil (typical black soil) to vegetable crops grown in the III zone of radioactive contamination accumulate from 0.01 to 0.09 and 90Sr – from 0.01 to 0.30. The lowest coefficient of transition of 137Cs in potatoes, onions and cucumbers (0.01). In cabbage, squash and pepper, the transition factor is twice as high (0.03), and in carrots and tomatoes it is three times higher (0.04), in beets – 5 times, radish – 6 and beans – in 9 times higher. The lowest transfer coefficient of 90Sr in onions (0.01), in tomatoes and cucumbers it is 2 times higher (0.02), in pepper – 4 times higher (0.04), potatoes and cabbage – nine times higher (0.09), and in beets, radishes, carrots and beans in 27–30 times higher. The research conducted by us proves that the studied vegetable production, obtained in the settlements of Yosypivka and Tarasivka, does not exceed DR-2006, that is, it is quite suitable for use. The coefficients of the transition of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr from the soil (in this case, this typical black soil) to crop production grown on peasants’ plots have been determined, which will allow to predict in the future the contamination of 137Cs and 90Sr of vegetable products on the radically contaminated territories of the Central Forest-Steppe data. The content of radionuclide contamination of vegetable products after 33 years of the Chernobyl disaster proves that the problem of monitoring, studying and forecasting of products is still very relevant. Key words: 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides, pollution density, transition coefficient.
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Kruglyak, O. V. "PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIC PRODUCTION". Animal Breeding and Genetics 56 (4.12.2018): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.56.20.
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The experience of function organic farms in Ukraine was analyzed. In the process of substantiating the organization of dairy cattle breeding under the conditions of an organic farm, the key role is played by the successful selection of cattle breed and the solution to the problem of ensuring effective channels for the sale of products in order to achieve profitability. It was established that Simmental and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds showed themselves well in conditions of large-scale eco-production. In the small-scale sector, local breeds of cattle will work best to solve the problem of restoring and preserving the number of animals of local and endangered breeds of cattle. The experience of organizing the production of organic dairy products can be implemented in the experimental base of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine.
The purpose of the article is to investigate the organizational aspects of efficient production of organic products and its prospects in dairy cattle breeding Ukraine.
Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out on the data of the private enterprise "Galex-Agro" (Zhytomyr region), The State enterprise "Experimental farm "Niva" of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS (Cherkasy region); Observations of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, State Register of Pedigree Affairs in Animal Husbandry. In the course of research, patent research, content analysis of scientific sources and regulatory documents, structural analysis and synthesis, comparative methods, statistical, economical and mathematical methods were used.
The number of eco-farms is currently insignificant n Ukraine. Eco-friendly milk and beef are produced mainly by small farms, agricultural cooperatives and households. The largest number of domestic producers of organic dairy products is concentrated in the small-scale sector (farmers, households, production cooperatives, etc.). They are characterized by a close location to large cities or the presence of a compact cow population in ecologically clean areas, a closed cycle of production. Owners and managers of these farms are mostly supportive of the environmental lifestyle.
Among the largest "players" of this sector are companies with a closed cycle of production of organic agricultural products. This is a privately owned company “Galex-Agro” (Novograd-Volynskyi and Baranivskyi districts, Zhytomyr region), a Ukrainian-Swiss agrarian enterprise – a private joint-stock company “EthnoProduct” (northeast of Chernihiv region), limited liability company "Staryi Poritsk" (Volyn region).
The analysis of objective factors reducing the economic efficiency of domestic agricultural production, in particular due to the crisis in Ukraine's economic growth (the abolition of fiscal stimulation of the industry, the lack of access to external sources of financing, price disparity on agricultural products and means of production, and climate change, etc.), has necessitated the search for new ways of development of state research farms. So promising direction the scientists of IABG nd. a. M.V.Zubets and specialists of husbandry see introduction of organic farming system.
The first stage of the transition to eco-management was determined by the receipt of a certificate of growing of cereals with the subsequent registration of the production of organic dairy raw materials for the production of organic food. Creation of a special raw material zone for these needs involves the introduction of modern advanced technology of growing fodder crops (with elements of energy conservation and environmental feasibility) for the production of animal feed in accordance with the requirements of safety and quality.
In the process of substantiating the organization of dairy cattle breeding in the conditions of an organic farm, the key role belongs to the successful selection of the breed. Given the increased demands on cows' health and nutrition, more combined animals will be more productive. They have a rather high level of milk production and differ from specialized breeds with better meat qualities. Dairy cattle to achieve a sufficient level of productivity may more use rude and succulent feed with less concentrated costs. Dairy cattle to achieve a sufficient level of productivity may more use rude and succulent feed with less concentrated costs.
The main breed of the combined trend, which is well-known in the conditions of large-scale eco-production, is the Simmental (kept in privately owned company “Galex-Agro”). In the State enterprise "Experimental farm "Niva", as well as in PE "Agroecology ", the pedigree cattle of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds are kept (Table 1). The cows of this breed have a strong constitution, well adapted to contain in modern livestock complexes, machine milking in milking halls, have a high genetic potential of milk production. Average milk yields for one cow of this breed in Ukraine in 2017 amounted to 6236 kg with a fat content of 3.91%, protein – 3.23%. In the leading farms, Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed produce about 9–10 thousand kg of milk for 305 days of lactation.
In the conditions of PE" Galex-Agro" and PE "Agroecology", a high level of milk yield has been achieved, while simultaneously maintaining a high level of health and reproduction of animals (the output of calves for 100 cows is approaching 100 goals). Consequently, the Simmental and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds showed themselves well in the conditions of large-scale eco-production, which gives grounds to predict the increase in productivity and reproduction of dairy cattle in State enterprise "Experimental farm "Niva" provided that the transition to the production of organic products of dairy cattle on the farm. Planned economic effect is expected at the level of 550 thousand UAH. per year.
For small producers, when choosing a breed, it is more important to focus on the ability of animals to adapt to environmental conditions, so local breeds of cattle are best placed under these conditions. These include Lebedynska, Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Brown Carpathian, Ukrainian Gray, Pinzgauer, Red Steppe and others. Animals of these breeds during the natural selection for a long time have improved adaptive ability and resistance to disease. In EU countries, farmers use local breeds of dairy cattle to produce high-quality, environmentally friendly livestock products. The experience of European countries shows that, due to the introduction of organic production in breeding dairy cattle breeding, it is also possible to solve the problem of restoring and preserving the number of animals of local and endangered breeds of cattle.
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Grigorev, S. A. "Extraction of remains of the mammoth fauna and local communities of the Arctic territories of Yakutia at the end of the 20th century". VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, nr 3(54) (27.08.2021): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-54-3-20.
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Studying the consequences of exploitation of indigenous territories is an urgent topic of modern science. This study presents the result of the research on the history of the development of a special type of resources — mammoth tusks in northern Yakutia. The paper is aimed at the analysis of impact of the new sector of the eco-nomy in the region on the local communities. It was also important to identify the sequence of the events that facilitated this development. The methodological basis of the study is represented by the historical method of ana-lyzing archival data, periodicals, and legal and scientific literature on this subject. Sources for the paper included materials from the National Archive of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), regional periodicals, as well as legal and reference materials covering this crucial stage in the development of the local indigenous communities. Despite the fact that extraction of fossil mammoth bone has been carried out for a long time, its active development began only at the end of the 20th century. The formation and progress of such a new type of mining activity has left a special impression on the development of the local population engaged in the traditional farming. Opportunities and the weak state control in this area have created favorable conditions for the emergence of a special environ-ment for economic relations. This has had a significant impact on social well-being of the local indigenous peo-ples. During this period, a special situation developed when, due to objective reasons, mammoth tusks turned from an object of natural origin that did not cause any interest into a valuable, highly sought resource. The gro-wing global demand for mammoth remains and the removal of barriers for external contacts in the Soviet Union stimulated the rapid development of the fundamentally different structure of socio-economic relations in the Arctic zone. As a result, this situation greatly influenced the state of the local indigenous communities. The areas of their traditional living became a territory of intensive development of “new resources”, which brought about real envi-ronmental and social threats, but also new opportunities. The new prospects, as well as the state unreadiness to regulate the emerging market of “wild” mammoth bone, created all conditions for the emergence of a special area of economic relations spanning the Arctic regions of Yakutia. This almost neglected factor undoubtedly had sig-nificant impact on the social well-being of the indigenous peoples living in the region at the end of the 20th century.
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Moline, Mark A., Kelly Benoit-Bird, David O’Gorman i Ian C. Robbins. "Integration of Scientific Echo Sounders with an Adaptable Autonomous Vehicle to Extend Our Understanding of Animals from the Surface to the Bathypelagic". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32, nr 11 (listopad 2015): 2173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0035.1.
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AbstractAcoustic echo sounders designed to map and discriminate organisms in the water column have primarily been deployed on ships. Because of acoustic attenuation of higher frequencies used to detect and discriminate micronekton and nekton, this has effectively restricted the range of this information to the upper water column. In an effort to overcome these range limitations by reducing the distance between the transducer and the targets of interest, dual-frequency (38 and 120 kHz) split-beam echo sounders were integrated into a Remote Environmental Monitoring Units (REMUS) 600 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), effectively doubling the range of quantitative acoustic data into the mesopelagic zone (600–1200 m). Data from the first set of missions in a range of conditions revealed that the AUV provided a stable platform for the echo sounders and improved vertical and horizontal positional accuracy over echo sounders towed by ships. In comparison to hull-mounted echo sounders, elimination of ship noise and surface bubbles provided a 17- and 19-dBW decrease in the noise floor for the 38- and 120-kHz echo sounders, respectively, effectively increasing the sampling range by 30%–40%. The extended depth range also increased the resolution of the acoustic horizontal footprint from 37–40 to 0.6–3.7 m, enabling discrimination of individual targets at depth. Also developed here is novel onboard echo sounder data processing and autonomy to allow sampling not feasible in a surface ship or towed configuration. Taken together, these data demonstrate an effective new tool for examining the biology of animals in the mesopelagic zone (600–1200 m) in ways previously only possible in the upper ocean.
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Yu, Dajie, Xianfang Yang i Lin Zheng. "Rural Development and Restructuring in Central China’s Rural Areas: A Case Study of Eco-Urban Agglomeration around Poyang Lake, China". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (10.01.2023): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021308.
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This study aims to provide a scientific reference for rural reconstruction and revitalization in the areas covered by Eco-Urban Agglomeration Around Poyang Lake. Rural development and restructuring is a comprehensive process involving multiple elements and a long-time sequence. Accordingly, scientific knowledge concerning the evolution and characteristics of the spatial and temporal patterns of rural development and reconstruction is crucial for successively facilitating rural revitalization and ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. In this study, a framework of rural development and restructuring was constructed for areas around Poyang Lake Eco-Urban Agglomeration based on the data regarding population, land, and industrial elements in the rural regional system, as well as the data of counties covered by Poyang Lake Eco-Urban Agglomeration. For this purpose, the entropy value and other research methods were used to analyze the level of rural development and the degree of rural reconstruction, as well as to identify the characteristics of rural reconstruction types. The study results revealed the following: (1) Rural Comprehensive Development Level has increased from 0.218 to 0.347, and the geographical development gap of the countryside has narrowed; however, the development level of each region and each factor continues to remain uneven. (2) The results demonstrated a wave-like advancement in the Rural Comprehensive Restructuring Degree, with a decreased Rural Population Restructuring Degree, an increased Rural Industry Restructuring Degree, and a decreased Rural Land Restructuring Degree. (3) Rural restructuring in the study area can be divided into six zones according to the level of rural development and the degree of rural restructuring, with Type I and Type III being the main types. Based on the above results, this research proposes optimizations for different rural development and reconstruction type zones.
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Sorg, Jean-Pierre. "Organisation de la recherche dans les zones sèches un cas concret dans l'ouest de Madagascar | Design of Forest Research in Dry Zones -a Case Study in the West of Madagascar". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, nr 3 (1.03.2000): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0084.
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An interesting research programme focusing on trees and forest,which has been continuing in the region of Morondava for more than 20 years, presently finds itself in an environment somewhat unfavourable for research and, therefore, is in an evaluative phase. While at the beginning the emphasis was strongly put on forestry, the programme developed more and more towards the interface mankind – forest, and through social-forestry activities progressively towards the population of the villages. Today, it is clear that research on participative management of forests and the scientific interest in natural eco-systems and their dynamics are complementary and have to be co-ordinated with regard to sustainability.
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Chaudhary, Suresh, Yukuan Wang, Amod Mani Dixit, Narendra Raj Khanal, Pei Xu, Kun Yan, Qin Liu, Yafeng Lu i Ming Li. "Eco-Environmental Risk Evaluation for Land Use Planning in Areas of Potential Farmland Abandonment in the High Mountains of Nepal Himalayas". Sustainability 11, nr 24 (5.12.2019): 6931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11246931.
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Land use change, especially that due to farmland abandonment in the mountains of Nepal, is being seen as a major factor contributing to increasing eco-environmental risk, undesirable changes in the socio-cultural landscape, biodiversity loss, and reduced capacity of the ecosystem to provide key services. This study aims to: i) evaluate eco-environmental risk for one of the high mountain river basins, the Dordi river basin in Nepal, that has a growing potential of farmland abandonment; and ii) develop a risk-based land use planning framework for mitigating the impact of risk and for enhancing sustainable management practices in mountain regions. We employed a multi-criteria analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign risk weightage to geophysical and socio-demographic factors, and performed spatial superposition analysis in the model builder of a geographic information system (GIS) to produce an eco-environmental risk map, which was subjected to a reliability check against existing eco-environmental conditions by ground truthing and using statistical models. The result shows that 22.36% of the basin area has a high level of risk. The very high, extreme high, moderate, and low zones accounted 17.38%, 7.93%, 28.49%, and 23.81%, respectively. A high level of eco-environmental risk occurs mostly in the north and northwest, but appears in patches in the south as well, whereas the level of moderate risk is concentrated in the southern parts of the river basin. All the land use types, notably, forest, grassland, shrub land, and cultivated farmland, are currently under stress, which generally increases with elevation towards the north but is also concentrated along the road network and river buffer zones where human interference with nature is the maximum. The risk map and the framework are expected to provide information and a scientific evidence-base for formulating and reasonable development strategies and guidelines for consensus-based utilization and protection of eco-environmental resources in the river basin. As an awareness raising tool, it also can activate social processes enabling communities to design for and mitigate the consequences of hazardous events. Moreover, this risk assessment allows an important link in understanding regional eco-environmental risk situation, land use, natural resources, and environmental management.
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de Lara, A., R. Khosla i L. Longchamps. "Characterizing spatial variability in soil water content for precision irrigation management". Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, nr 2 (1.06.2017): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017000279.
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One among many challenges in implementing precision irrigation is the reliable characterization of the soil water content (SWC) across spatially variable fields. For this purpose, commercial retailers are employing apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) to create irrigation prescription maps. The accuracy of this method at the field scale has received little attention from the scientific community. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterize spatial distribution of soil water content at the field scale for the purpose of precision irrigation management. Results showed mean SWC to be different across ECa derived management zones, indicating that soil ECa was able to characterize mean differences in SWC across management zones.
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Nedeljkovic, Milan, i Nebojsa Savic. "Spillovers of monetary policy shocks on financial markets during the crisis: Serbia and euro zone". Panoeconomicus 69, nr 2 (2022): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2202315n.
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The position of developing countries (DC) in the international financial system is the topic on which Dragoslav Avramovic worked throughout his successful scientific career. This paper extends his research towards an empirical analysis of the importance of spillovers from the changes in the monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) on the country risk premium and exchange rate in Serbia over the most intense phase of the Euro crisis (2008-2012). Empirical results suggest that the ECB policy changes during the crisis significantly spilled over to financial markets only in several dimensions. The policies did not have a statistically significant effect on the level of the exchange rate and of the risk premium. However, they had a significant effect on the rise in uncertainty, especially in the case of ECB?s foreign exchange liquidity and monetary stimulus measures. Our empirical results imply that the changes in monetary policy in advanced economies can drive uncertainty spillovers across the financial markets, thereby also affecting the business cycle fluctuations in emerging markets (EM).