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Rousseau, Thomas. "Politiques et techniques de l’éclairage public pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable en France : Acteurs, mutations et impacts urbains". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0101.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe importance of having a nocturnal look on the city and of integrating artificial lighting into the urban landscape is growing at the same time as the need for a more pleasant environment in the city favouring social cohesion. At the same time, the particularly difficult social and economic climate and the ever stronger environmental considerations are forcing society and town councils to change faced with the stakes and new paradigms which are essential. In this context, urban lighting requires new approaches in the same way as the optimization of public policies devoted to transport, waste or water management. The nocturnal development in the cities cristallizes the multiple stakes and needs for change concerning the development of cultural heritage, consideration of practices, the comfort of public space, the support for cultural events, urban marking, the cost control of plans or preserving the night sky. To meet the needs and better articulate street lighting, it is imperative to take into consideration the stakes concerning the durability of street lighting. Local authorities have to find less functionalist and more qualitative approaches. It is a case of moving from street lighting to the development of urban lighting. This brings up certain questions. What are the policies and techniques of street lighting set up to meet the requirements of sustainable development ? What are the stakes ? In what way is it important to take them into account in the current socioeconomic context ? What approaches and strategies are being put into action ? Who are the key players to meet these stakes ? Are they the same ones over the whole country? Do they meet the requirements of long-term lighting ? Based on a survey of around one hundred towns in metropolitan France, our work aims at a better understanding of the consideration of durability in the public policies of lighting which seem mainly guided by economic strategies and the will to meet the requirements of the « economic » section of sustainable development. At the same time, the human and social dimension of sustainability in public lighting seems to be developing with an ever growing consideration for practices in the cities. We shall see that the tendencies of public policies on lighting are changing. What new ideas are spreading around ? What are the impacts on the city and the way of developing it ? This work also allows us to remind ourselves of the importance of lighting management in public policies and of the place of the users. The tendencies accepted by the town councils do not seem to be dictated either by the technical offer and the manufacturers or by the price of energy but rather by a combined mix of nocturnal issues depending on the size of the town, urban policies and the geographical, cultural and economic context
Rousseau, Thomas. "Politiques et techniques de l’éclairage public pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable en France : Acteurs, mutations et impacts urbains". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0101.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe importance of having a nocturnal look on the city and of integrating artificial lighting into the urban landscape is growing at the same time as the need for a more pleasant environment in the city favouring social cohesion. At the same time, the particularly difficult social and economic climate and the ever stronger environmental considerations are forcing society and town councils to change faced with the stakes and new paradigms which are essential. In this context, urban lighting requires new approaches in the same way as the optimization of public policies devoted to transport, waste or water management. The nocturnal development in the cities cristallizes the multiple stakes and needs for change concerning the development of cultural heritage, consideration of practices, the comfort of public space, the support for cultural events, urban marking, the cost control of plans or preserving the night sky. To meet the needs and better articulate street lighting, it is imperative to take into consideration the stakes concerning the durability of street lighting. Local authorities have to find less functionalist and more qualitative approaches. It is a case of moving from street lighting to the development of urban lighting. This brings up certain questions. What are the policies and techniques of street lighting set up to meet the requirements of sustainable development ? What are the stakes ? In what way is it important to take them into account in the current socioeconomic context ? What approaches and strategies are being put into action ? Who are the key players to meet these stakes ? Are they the same ones over the whole country? Do they meet the requirements of long-term lighting ? Based on a survey of around one hundred towns in metropolitan France, our work aims at a better understanding of the consideration of durability in the public policies of lighting which seem mainly guided by economic strategies and the will to meet the requirements of the « economic » section of sustainable development. At the same time, the human and social dimension of sustainability in public lighting seems to be developing with an ever growing consideration for practices in the cities. We shall see that the tendencies of public policies on lighting are changing. What new ideas are spreading around ? What are the impacts on the city and the way of developing it ? This work also allows us to remind ourselves of the importance of lighting management in public policies and of the place of the users. The tendencies accepted by the town councils do not seem to be dictated either by the technical offer and the manufacturers or by the price of energy but rather by a combined mix of nocturnal issues depending on the size of the town, urban policies and the geographical, cultural and economic context
Williamson, Simon. "Délégation de service public et environnement". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT4023.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the French context of externalising the public action, this study focuses on the delegation of environmental public services to private operators. In both fields of water and waste managements, will be demonstrated the extension of their functional and material aspects, found in their management and marketing, to their submission to European Union environmental laws. Prospective improvements of the management combination that follow their own limit review, go over the "concessive" model application, in order to reach one more generalist to management modes. Developed thorough the "equity matrices concept", this study, looking for a pro-environment public service, invites to a modification, already initiated, of its territorial and competitive statute
Caudal, Sylvie. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit public français". Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33016.
Pełny tekst źródłaBecause of the limits of the specific protections, it's a necessity to integrate the protection of environment to the main public politics of economical and social development, and planning. It's the reason why such an approach makes great strides, which has consequences in law. To study the concept of integrated protection of environment in French public law requires, after having proposed a definition, to make an inventory of the different fields concerned: it's easy to find it in public politics of planning and management of natural resources, but we can discover it also in town planning law, country law, energy law. . . The research consists then in finding some common characters for all these legal systems, so that it can be proved that there is an integrated protection of environment law. There are also some legal obstacles to the development of integration
Inserguet-Brisset, Véronique. "Propriete publique et environnement". Limoges, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIMO0419.
Pełny tekst źródłaMosser, Sophie. "Eclairage urbain : enjeux et instruments d'action". Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082307.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of the renewal of theories and practices in the field of "urban lighting", what is the quality of the public actions toward lighting regarding their social reception? On the one hand, our bibliographical and experimental work on the perception of the night environments reveals the limits of the paradigms of both visual comfort and the needs for lighting devices. On the other hand, our study of the doctrines and logics of action makes it possible to clarify the process of production of the city at night. Crossing these two dimensions, the regulation of the lighting policies comes out as a major stake to improve the relevance and the utility of the actions of lighting: it consists in undertaking the actions in accordance with representations of the public good that are built collectively. Our work with lighting managers and technicians makes it possible to outline instruments which could help to put this regulation into practice. It is crucial to sustain the development of these instruments
Marochini, Eric. "Les remembrements en Moselle entre économie, environnement et société : essai de géographie rurale et appliquée". Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Marochini.Eric.LMZ9913_1.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research about rural geography is devoted to the regrouping of lands, which is today the center of multiple varied issues. It is no longer used as a mere tool of revision and reorganization of agricultural plots of land. Its developing purpose and conservation desire as well as the preservation or improvement of rural societies coherence have led to a change of aims as regards the regrouping of lands, without changing its major function of rationalization of parcels. These methods are now resolutely turned towards the ambition of sustainable agriculture. The author deals here with the numerous questions linked to those new expectations analysing is his research the geographical area of the departement of Moselle. There, the landscapes are characterized by openfields whose divisions varies strongly with geo-historical and geo-agronomical specificities in the areas studied. Besides, for o couple of years, the Conseil Général of Moselle has put a lot into a qualitative approach throughan adequate property development. It is therefore an original field of experiment. The extrem variety and complexed entanglement of the possible consequences of a regrouping have led the author to deal with the experiment on fifteen towns regrouped between 1986-1996, along a cross-disciplinary theme, before suggesting sollutions, orientations so as to make aims, the procedure and the decision-making instruments evolve qualitatively
Le, Briero Sébastien. "Les eaux douces domaniales dans le droit français contemporain : contribution sur les rapports entre la protection de l'environnement et la domanialité publique". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575319.
Pełny tekst źródłaStamboulous, Artémis. "La participation du public et l'évaluation des incidences environnementales en droits communautaire, français et grec". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR30026.
Pełny tekst źródłaDamage to the environment through human activity and economic development has resulted in the establishment of the environmental assessment principle into the European’s Union, French and Greek legal orders. It evaluates the impact that projects, plans and programs may have on the environment and public health. The public must take part in this evaluation that may affect its life and the environment. The principle of public participation in the environmental protection is constituted of three distinct principles; Access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters. The application of these principles requires not only the environmental education of citizens but also the reorganisation of the decisional process
Spanou, Calliope. "L'administration et les nouveaux mouvements sociaux : consommation, environnement, femmes". Amiens, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AMIE0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the 60's and the 70's, new social movements appear, independently from the working class movement, and focus on new social issues. The political and administrative system takes cognizance of these issues and create new administrative agencies to take charge of them ; in this process, the role of political parties and unions seems rather limited and the politicization and intermediation are mainly carried out by a social movement or by the administration itself. The administrative agencies created on this occasion are transverse, weak and hybrid and have to overcome the hostility of older agencies. Their survival demands the adoption of special strategies and especially the cooperation with the social movements which form their constituency. This way, the administrative agency and the militants become interdependent, come closer and influence each other: it is then possible to speak of a "militant administration". However, tension and conflict are not excluded from their relationship because of the role confusion and the lack of precise task division between the two partners. These are also some of the basic reasons why corporatism is absent from their relations
Glodt, Hélène. "Qualité perçue de l'éclairage urbain, dans la ville, la nuit". Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100100.
Pełny tekst źródłaThere are numerous researches that focus on effects of lighting on man. They generally show an impact on light estimation, cognitive performance, mood and behaviours but this type of research is generally conducted in indoor artificial lighting. Very few focus on outdoor night lighting except Hanyu (1997) who examined relationship between two sets of variables: visual properties and affective appraisals in night time neighbourhood experience. Our main purpose was to examine how people evaluate the outdoor night lighting. We sought to find out people's expectations of the various functions of urban lighting, to know what criteria they use to evaluate a good lighting. In this study, we expected that individuals and contextual factors as age, gender, length of time spent living in a given area and localization would influence the evaluation of the functionality and quality of lighting, and the evaluation of quality of life
Lasmothey, Kossi Biova Placide. "Analyse environnementaliste du droit de la commande publique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2022_0282_LASMOTHEY.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe principle of neutrality of public procurement law is dead, long live the instrumentalization of public procurement law for environmental purposes! Such is the general observation made by our research which offers a full, meticulous and methodical environmentalist analysis of public procurement law. Obviously, by a theoretical-practical analysis, it is observed that in the current state of administrative contractual practice, despite the seductive modernism induced by the insertion of ecological considerations, the obstinate conservatism due to the economic preference of the contracting authorities, still showing a deep reluctance to fully use the environmental potential of public procurement contracts. However, there is no reason to be pessimistic, because the evolution of the legislative framework allows to hope and to breathe new and more effective environmental dynamics into public procurement Law and contractual practice
Debil, Fanny. "Quand la santé devient écologique : Acteurs et transferts de la planification en santé environnement(ale) (OMS-France)". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD011.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhat if health was too serious to be left to health actors ? What if risks can disappear ? These interrogations have driven some of the national environmental health action plans. This specific planning is structurally a matter of transfers and changes, uncertainty and controversies. This thesis deals with its genesis, making, and effects. It integrates a transnational scene, the World Health Organization that initiates the planning. It also considers a national level, the French one precisely, that imports the planning. Two rationale are used : an actor-centered approach, a balanced examination of preexistence and innovation. This work thus foresees the political dimension of the national environmental health planning in France. It requires health and ecological state actors with adequate resources. These actors go beyond sanitary engineers that are historical advocates of environmental health. Besides, the ecological actors determine the continuity of the planning. This suggests that the owners of the environmental health problem have now changed. This also means a distance with the initial project of WHO. For more than twenty years, the national planning reduces the ubiquity of environmental health. It also suggests its exploding aspects. This thesis provides some insight to understand the making of this problem, its actors and debates, its times and quantities. It explores the inside, the highest level and the boundaries of the state. It enlightens the transcendence of systemic expertise with respect to scientific expertise for governing the human-environment relationships. More broadly, it leads to question the vigorous relation between the cross-cutting and sectoral aspects of public intervention
Moritz, Marcel. "Les communes et la publicité commerciale extérieure : pour une valorisation environnementale et économique de l'espace public". Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32039.
Pełny tekst źródłaAt the dawn of celebrating the thirtieth anniversary of a law which is its vault key, the law for external commercials accumulates a series of paradoxes, especially when it comes to a "local authority" approach. While public opinion is getting more and more sensitive to environmental protection, this imperative finds it difficult to assert itself. Certainly, writings make it possible to create local rules for commercials and give a large variety of repressive measures, but none of these possibilities is convincing. Unable to meet the requirements of environmental protection, the positive law doesn’t make it possible for local authorities to have an effective economical use either. Does it mean that combining an environmental and an economical development is an unachievable goal ? With a critical study of the applicable clauses and some reform proposals, we’ll try to prove the opposite
Reculin, Sophie. ""Le règne de la nuit désormais va finir". L'invention et la diffusion de l'éclairage public dans le royaume de France (1697-1789)". Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30034/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis proposes to understand the beginnings of street lighting before the invention of gas and electricity, as an object of total urban history. It analyses the process of introducing, spreading and appropriating street lighting throughout the Kingdom of France between 1697 - when public lanterns were imposed by the monarchy in the main cities of the Kingdom of France - and the revolutionary period. Although the measure was first contested by the municipalities and some of the inhabitants, from the 1770s onwards it became a mark of urbanity and an instrument of control. Based on the abundant documentation from municipal, departmental and national archives, the thesis studies the transition from "illumination" to "public lighting". The aim is to understand the decision-making process between central, provincial and local authorities, as well as the circulation of knowledge and experience in the field of lighting. The growing interest of urban populations in this new technical object led to its improvement and then to the adoption of the « réverbère » that replaced the candlelight lantern at the beginning of the Revolution. The thesis also analyses the economic, financial and social conditions of lighting development, through the figure of the entrepreneur, the street lighter and the expert. The influence of the Tourtille Sangrain company played a decisive role in the spread of urban lighting during the last third of the 18th century. Finally, it is a question of questioning the reception of innovation by city dwellers and the "cultural revolution" (D. Roche) induced in the city's night-time uses
Gillet-Lorenzi, Emmanuelle. "Enquête publique et participation du public : l'exemple des grands projets d'infrastructure de transport". Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD009.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn participation of the public, evolution of the procedure inquiry, engendered by the law Bouchardeau, of July 12, 1983, turn out essential. An analysis of the procedures led about the big projects of infrastructure of transport allows nevertheless to put in evidence the limits in any optimal efficiency of this procedure of inquiry. The principles of a fruitful contemporary evolution can be then loosened. It is a question above all of insuring the insertion of the procedure of inquiry a efficient process of participation of the public. This way, a first phase of participation should be organized most upstream possible of the decision-making. The objective is to assure(insure) a qualitative and premature information, necessary for the development of constructive contradictory exchanges. The National Commission of the Public Debate appears then as the indispensable guarantor of this participation. Still it is necessary that it is endowed with a real power of influence. The procedure Bouchardeau contains, besides, in itself, certain incapacities : the information of the public can be improved in its contents as in its shape ; the limits in an actual consideration of the expression of the public prevent any unconditional recognition of the public inquiry. The recognition for the benefit of the "commissaries enquêteurs", of the role of pivot, appears, then as an essential objective to achieve : The editorial staff of a specific status is imperative itself ; an intensification of the value and the reach attributed to the report and to the conclusions of inquiry is indispensable. Joining continuance with the law Bouchardeau of 1983 and the law Barnier of 1995, the law of February 27, 2002 insures certainly the democratisation and the transparency of the process of elaboration of the big projects. Overhangs operated in public inquiry are nevertheless incomplete. The question of the elaboration of a big law on the participation remains composed
Steiner, Bruno. "Espace public et pensée-paysage : faire place au public par le paysage". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG059.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the making of urban public areas through the landscape focusing on two issues:- Through an epistemic approach of the landscaping project process, it intends to identify the conceptual founding principles characterizing a landscape-way of thinking the city, highlightening some paradigms that single it out: walk, map, garden.- Spotting out the risks and stakes involved in the “visibility crisis” that affects the public area nowadays in the double form of the co-presence modes that break down and of the dramatization of urban territories, it questions the new prospects opened by this new project culture to connect again political area and public areas. At the cross-road between aesthetics and politics, the making of public space can be the art to invent new processes of subjectification. The thesis considers the journeys and the tales, as raw materials to layout the areas establishing an emancipated audience; it explores some tactics of landscape writings
Chamard-Heim, Caroline. "La distinction des biens publics et des biens privés : contribution à la définition de la notion de biens publics". Lyon 3, 2002. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247098903.
Pełny tekst źródłaRainaud, Anne. "Le droit des risques industriels : à la recherche d'une branche du droit". Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0028.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe topic of this thesis is abut the happening of a law of industrial risks. In front of the intensity of these risks, for the man and the environment, a question has been asked : isn't there a law that regulate the risks of industrial activities, and stop the phenomenon of patchwork law> there was a synthesis todo, a dynamic one. Trough a studie of different types of regulations used in public and private law, an investigation about the environmental law has been do. But, mainly, we search after a law of industrial risks as an independant branche
Guyon, Jean-Paul. "Environnement et croissance du pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Aït. ) et du pin noir d'Autriche (Pinus nigra Arn. ) : applications en sylviculture". Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0144_GUYON.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBothereau, Benjamin. "À la lanterne ! Modes d’existence d’un objet banal, entre imaginaire technique et politique. Invention, économie urbaine, publics et circulations du «réverbère», Paris, Barcelone, XVIIIe s". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH152.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur culture has trivialized the streetlamp and deprived it of its meanings. However, the lantern became a visual and semantic revolutionary leitmotiv at the end of the 18th c.As a technical innovation of 18th c streetlighting, the lantern à réverbères optimizes the luminous intensity by using concave metal reflectors (réverbères) to direct the beam of light where needed. If the historiography focused on the Argand’s lamp, this research deals with a far less noble and valued technical element, the reflector. The entwinement of the innovation with narratives and cultural discourses structures its imaginary: artefact biography is therefore a precious tool to approach it, by getting rid of the subject-object distinction in order to question its modes of existence.Firstly, we study the genesis of the lantern and the inscription of its technical imaginary as a rationalized answer to the lighting challenge. To continue with, we analyse the streetlamp in action and its extramaterial properties through its integration to its milieu. Processes of mediation and their transformative power are the next focus, though the study of the technical (transcultural) circulations between France and Spain, and the media of advertising and promotion (technical press, trade cards), all of which shaping the interactions between the invention, the public and the markets. We finish this survey with the political lantern and its paradox, as the artefact, strongly linked to absolute monarchy and police– or military- control, became a revolutionary emblem. By entwining the technical and symbolic functions of the streetlamp, we want to shed light upon the resonances of the political imaginary within the lantern materiality. This study therefore aims at drawing attention to the multi-layered meanings of this so-called “banal” object, and at considering the streetlamp as a significant bearer of cultural identity
Guilleux, Céline. "L'institutionnalisation de la santé environnementale en France. : D'une approche globale homme / environnement à la sectorisation d'actions de santé publique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe last fifteen years, debates around environmental health problems increased in the public space. Brought on by heterogeneous social actors (scientists, activists, public health professionals, sick persons...), they highlight new social concerns about environmental and health dangers. Based on a methodology associating discourse analysis, network analysis and direct observation, the thesis examines the institutionalisation of environmental health and argues that its main stake is the passage from a global approach of the relations between health and environment to its division into public health actions. To demonstrate this, our work analyses the emergence of environmental explanations of health constructed by pluridisciplinary scientific networks during the 90s. This approach differs from the sanitary movement by regarding invisible health dangers (electromagnetic fields, endocrine disruptors, nanoparticles...) and defining individuals as living beings evolving in ecosystems. Its social aknowledgement grows during the 2000s as a result of activist networks organised around its divulgation. Furthermore, the thesis shows the part played by professional NGOs of environmental health in the transformation of local and environmental illness claims into public health reform claims more generally. The integration of these claims in public health risk assessment leads to a progressive normalization and division of environmental health (occupational health, habitation, air pollution, endocrine disruptors...). This process leads to definition of new behavioral norms recommending individuals become their own risk managers
Houel, Nicolas. "Pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse : étude des enjeux et méthodes de la requalification du parc d'éclairage public de la métropole nantaise au travers de la récolte d'indicateurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs des ambiances nocturnes en ville". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0032.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs part of a CIFRE contract associated with the definition of the Lighting Development Coherence Scheme (SCAL) of the city of Nantes, Nicolas Houel’s thesis contributes to identifying the stakes of better energy and light sobriety in the management of its public lighting park. The research deals with the development methodology of the SCAL and focuses on the identification of current controversies in the artificial lighting practice, to raise awareness and involve the users of public spaces in the evaluation and production of nocturnal urban ambiances. It includes a series of field surveys dedicated to the evaluation and iteration of a method for the collection of sensitive indicators. Beyond its analytical part, the thesis proposes an unprecedented digital mapping tool to monitor the installations and to in real time the collection of physical and sensitive indicators identified by the users. The research addresses the concept of expertise of use, potentially complementary of political, artistic and technical ones that currently govern public lighting. They highlight the prominent place of artificial lighting in collective culture and the very low representativity of the concept of darkness. The pedagogy of light sobriety, regarding the challenge of energy and light sobriety originally pursued through an approach of awareness to public lighting for users, is ultimately oriented towards a form of pedagogy of darkness, in which light sobriety could settle lastingly
Egasse, Benjamin. "L'État, la fortification et le littoral lorientais : pouvoirs, économie et environnement d'un système défensif au XVIIIe siècle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIL549.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween 1695 and 1815, the harbor of Lorient located on the southern coast of Brittany hosts within it strategic economic and military activities of the kingdom of France. The tensions and Franco-British conflicts that enameled the eighteenth century make it necessary to secure this space. By successive campaigns, the Lorient coastline is endowed with a complete mesh of fortifications intended to protect the interests of the kingdom of France. The study of the construction of the defensive system of the Lorient coastline makes it possible to understand under which conditions the construction of the whole of this device is carried out and what are the effects of the implantation and the exploitation of the latter, by analyzing the political, technical, economic, military, social and environmental data of coastal development in the past. This development requires significant financial resources raised through the Tax. On the ground, the realization of the royal will is in the hands of the “engineers of the king” who in turn rely on the experience of building entrepreneurs who have been awarded the "king's business" in defense matters. This duo must work under tension in a tight financial, diplomatic and military context
Pallesen, Trine. "L’assemblage d’un marché de l'électricité éolienne : analyse de la construction de dispositifs de marché". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0019/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis project studies the making of a market for wind power in France. Markets for wind power are often referred to as ‘political markets: On the one hand, wind power has the potential to reduce CO2-emissions and thus stall the effects of electricity generation on climate change; and on the other hand, as an economic good, wind power is said to suffer from (techno-economic) ‘disabilities', such as high costs, fluctuating and unpredictable generation, etc. Therefore, because of its performance as a good, it is argued that the survival of wind power in the market is premised on different instruments, some of which I will refer to as ‘prosthetic devices'. This thesis inquires into two such prosthetic devices: The feed-in tariff and the wind power development zones (ZDE) as they are negotiated and practiced in France, and also the ways in which they affect the making of markets for wind power. Theoretically, this dissertation mobilizes a constructivist approach according to which markets are seen as socio-technical assemblages, stressing the heterogeneous and distributed character of their constituent elements. Furthermore, the approach allows questioning the deadlocked delineation between politics and economics, a delineation that appears to underlie the idea of the political market. Based on fieldwork in France, the core of this thesis is made up of two analyses; firstly, the definition of a feed-in tariff is empirically followed as a process of valuation in which value is seen as the outcome of irregular and costly activities, rather than the identification of an inherent value.To study how value, here in the form of a price, comes about in the case of wind power, five different empirical traces are followed with each one representing a distinct approach to valuation. These valuation proposals involve qualifying and disqualifying wind power, e.g., from CO2-reducing to CO2-emitting, and they span a range of controversies. The second analysis addresses the ZDE-device. It follows the device along two phases; namely, its conception and its emerging practice in a specific case, the territory of Pays de la Serre. The first phase is discussed as a politicization of wind power, a distinct framing of location in which the possibility for local opposition is enforced. The second phase, i.e. the practice of the device in Pays de la Serre, is better described as an economization of the landscape, a process of translating the territory according to one-dimensional layers. In their final presentation, these layers are accumulated and black-boxed, and the criteria for their construction disappear
Kirszenblat, Joël. "L'animal en droit public". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0463.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnimals, which for a long time were legally classified as property, are nowadays beginning to be recategorised. Even if French law denies them the status of non-human persons, they are nonetheless recognized as being sentient. This legal oddity, in which animals are at one and the same time both living beings and property, has been the subject of numerous studies, and certain researchers have succeeded in resolving these paradoxes. However, if the status of animals has been frequently examined from a legal angle, little specific or overall research has been undertaken in the domain of public law. And yet, it appears that the study of animals in public law raises questions and answers that are equally interesting. That is why the present thesis, « Animals in public law », follows two main, complementary choices: that of being an inventory, and that of theorizing. Charting, first of all, the reality of the situation seems essential in order to facilitate doctrinal or jurisprudential interpretation. Secondly, this study has made possible the theorizing of certain judicial questions. Finally, public law offers new perspectives for the creating of a true system of laws concerning animals. This work, whose main outcome is to contribute new elements to dereification and to avoid certain inconsistences, would foreground animal interests – notably by placing animals in a new societal order to be protected, or by setting forth a new approach to the personification of animals. Moreover, the study of comparative public law offers us different perspectives in the defence of animal rights – notably through the constitution
Challéat, Samuel. ""Sauver la nuit" : empreinte lumineuse, urbanisme et gouvernance des territoires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOL016.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur society maintains a complex relation with night, space-time often outside the diurnal cadences which facilitates the reflection, the imagination, the creation, the listening and the link with the other one, while revealing the segregation, the fear, and thus the restriction. By this research, we put compared to the urban lighting – real light project carrier of a strong symbolism – the socio-cultural, ecological and sanitary costs engendered by the artificial light. The urban lighting generates a geographical interlacing of bright imprints of differentiated scales, which we approach by various modellings, without forbidding us the sensitive analysis. We clarify, at various scales, the games of institutional actors and the constraints surrounding the governance of the street lighting in France, and we underline the reproduction of the possibilities offered for its local management. A characterization of the various impacts of the nocturnal artificial light by means of abstract tools of the economy of the environment allows to define as real pollutions the ecological and sanitary damages, and as nuisance the decrease – even the loss – of the accessibility to the starry sky. We show how the environmental good "starry sky" was seized by the astronomers to carry a positive project integrating henceforth the nocturnal environment in general: "Save the night". Oppositions to this project marked out its history, but the necessary energy savings and the budgets of territorial communities bring henceforth the local actors to reconsider with more interest the various propositions made by the associations of "protection of the nocturnal sky and environment". But the difficult efficiency of the mechanisms of coasian bargaining brings us to defend that the protection of these pure public goods, not unbargainable, must be taken care by the public authorities
Vicard, Fanny. "L'implication des ménages dans un service public local d'environnement : le cas de la gestion des déchets ménagers par les collectivités territoriales françaises". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10385/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the issue of households’ participation to a local public service provision, offering an economic analysis of the strategies developed by local governments in France to involve households in waste reduction practices and recycling.In a first part, we present the policy instruments available to local governments in the French context to foster the adoption by households of waste management practices more respectful of the environment. Environmental economics are used here to build aconceptual framework to understand local governments’ waste management policy. On this basis, a typology of the measures undertaken by local governments to involve households in waste reduction practices and recycling is developed. We identify four distinct strategies,as specific combinations of the measures implemented by local governments.In the second part, we assess the determinants of local governments’ choices with regard to their waste management strategy and the ability of each strategy to promote recycling effort by households. Drawing on insights from public economics and economicsof household waste management, a microeconomic model is developed to simultaneously analyze local governments and households waste management decisions. Theoretical propositions derived from the model are then empirically tested. The results highlight their mportance for local governments of taking into account households’ characteristics in the definition of their waste management strategy. We also show that households’ recycling effort rises when local governments implement measures directly constraining household waste production
Comby, Émeline. "Pour qui l'eau ? Les contrastes spatio-temporels des discours sur le Rhône (France) et le Sacramento (Etats-Unis)". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30043/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaA given society’s relationship with water is contextual, based on individual and public perceptions. This research investigated how public perception has been shaped by different stakeholders in two different river systems. To do so, we compared the trajectories of the Rhône River (France) and the Sacramento River (United States) by combining field observations with a principal dataset of 5,985 newspaper articles. Because the definition of social problems occurs within public arenas, this retrospective study of newspaper coverage allowed us to evaluate exogenous and endogenous discontinuities, static and dynamic constraints, and environmental and social trajectories. Media coverage was analyzed using content, quotation, and textual data analysis as well as GIS. Conflict between values entails interaction between different arenas, mobilizes spokespeople, and consolidates power relations. The Advocacy Coalition Framework promotes the hybridization between bottom-up and top-down policies and legitimizes different processes of discussion and problem-solving. Dialog between stakeholders exists in space and time between here and elsewhere, present and past, and risk and disasters. These temporal factors were addressed with a synchronic study. During the twentieth century, the Rhône River and the Sacramento River have undergone a great number of changes, primarily due to different decisions made at the national level. Nevertheless in both basins, advocacy coalitions have been key sources of political changes for thirty years: they share a set of beliefs and act in concert to address local concerns in water policy. Finally, a more detailed case study is presented for the Rhône basin, where French law and scientific knowledge require integrated river basin management. The Rhône case study demonstrates the spatial and temporal variability of opinions, debates, and discourses about water, which often embody tensions because of conflicting demands
Doutre, Julien. "De Grenoble à Sofia : une sociologie des parcs et jardins publics en milieu urbain". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH033.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe parks and gardens, in contrast to the buildings and the perennial buildings of the cities, are alive. Through the seasons and years they change, the trees grow, the leaves fall, the flowers hatch and fade. In the same way that men maintain their bodies, care must be taken of these green spaces. In this perspective, green spaces are both social actors and social spaces, and they can be considered as producers of territorialities, elaborating rules of appropriation, stories, myths and the meaning they hold. This thesis aims to study how these territories can be producers of public action and meaning, both for public decision-makers, professionals of green spaces and users. Through three different angles of approach, we approach the public parks of Grenoble and Sofia by history, representations and uses, and finally by an aesthetic dimension that is specific to them, and which allows to highlight processes Common to all urban environments, such as stakeholder conflicts, gentrification or patrimonialization.Although many studies deal with green spaces, not only in sociology, but also in urban planning, geography, political science, the work we propose here is original and proposes to approach this theme of the park from an unprecedented angle. Indeed, this study highlights a strong comparative dimension with a terrain that has taken place in very different cities, distant geographically and culturally. In addition, the study does not center on a particular space, but on a myriad of parks and urban gardens scattered in both cities. So it is more global and structural phenomena that have emerged and emphasized. Finally, this study is also original in the sense that we propose to mobilize an urban sociology rather than a sociology of the environment to deal with these spaces. We propose a critique of the sociology of the environment and show that it is not necessarily the most relevant to understand the functioning of urban parks
Bauer, Karl Matthias. "Les conceptions du droit : limites à l'harmonisation communautaire du droit public : exemple de la mise en œuvre du droit communautaire de l'environnement en France et en Allemagne". Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis aims at proving that the national conceptions of law, existing in Community law, through their own juridical logic, set the limits to european harmonization of law. Two different patterns are compared in German and French law. Each of them is the expression of the national comprehension of the separation of powers. The latter is an element that makes up the national constitutional identity which is intangible. Any infringement of the Community law on this identity entitles the applying body to put a check on the priority of Community law. The second part of aims at proving this theory in a specific area of law based on the analysis of the implementation of Community Environmental law has been selected since the divergence between the two conceptions are clearly the most significant. The voluntaristic model thus seems to have won the race of the systems. Europe not being federalized, the principle of the priority of the national conception of law, as reveales in caselaw, does not currently allow a complete harmonization of the systems
Kah, Estelle. "Un problème de préservation de l'environnement en géographie : L'élimination des déchets ménagers et le comportement des usagers : L'exemple du consentement à payer". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GEO9.
Pełny tekst źródłaNougarol, Renaud. "La tarification incitative des déchets ménagers comme processus d’économisation ? : sociologie des cadrages et des débordements d’une politique publique". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20086.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn France, public authorities have been trying to generalize Unit-Based Pricing of household waste (UBP). It is a pricing system that consists in charging users for the waste management service depending on the amount of waste they produce. Nevertheless, UBP is not largely implemented because the actors responsible for its implementation fear being confronted to a certain number of economic issues, social issues and environmental issues.Keeping in mind the triple observation that the scientific literature on this subject was essentially written by economists, that economists generally favour the economic incentive, and that they have a central place in public action, the general hypothesis of this research is about the role of economists and their studies to set the agenda of UBP in France by a dynamics of "framing" of its "overflowing" (of its problems). This thesis defends the idea of an economization process characterized by successive "translations" – before and during the Grenelle de l'Environnement – of the work of a waste-assessment organisation marked by the presence of certain economists and certain economic studies favourable to UBP. These "translations" have been carried out by Communist representatives, and this thesis is in accordance with the various works which show that the economisation cannot be reduced to organic links with the liberal economic doctrine or with a form of "neoliberalism" which would constitute the explanatory variable of public policies change.In addition, this research focuses on the local implementation of UBP. By describing, step by step, how members of a local community set up their unit-based pricing project between 2013 and 2016, the work undertaken shows how they have "managed" various "overflows" related to its implementation
Guerlet, Grégory. "La gestion des ports par une entite publique : aspects européens et environnementaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0347.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the past shelters for ships in iniquity, harbours true port places consisting of industrialo-port zones became. Doors were opened on the world, harbours are in the middle of the trades of States and constitute a not negligible trump in the foreign trade of these. Different laws and port reforms led the French legislator and the port actors to refocus the missions of each within the port place so that our harbours achieve the challenge of the competition imposed by our neighbours of the Benelux notably, and also answer the environmental pressures which Europe imposes on harbours. In France, harbours always have were considered to be utility with a duality which was translated by an administrative service for regalian missions and an industrial and commercial service for the more commercial missions. The French vision of the port public service appears since then outdated and France owes adapt to a harmonization of the management of its harbours in European norms. The reform of 2008 transferred tools to private firms, allowing the harbours to reorganize itself around development and management. It is necessary to consider the harbour as in the center of the chain of the commercial transport and an integrated management of these last appears necessary, implicating a development of our harbours side earths up, with of the Earth, fluvial and rail services which will be an answer to competition. The multimodality of harours is a working which France must set up and is under way of building, with a catch in count of environmentin the middle of every plan. France disposes big facede coastal region here not much or badly exploited. Port policy begins becoming one of the preferences of the national leaders and will allow in France of (re)to find itsmaritime vocation which for the time being too much for a long time ignored
Boccarossa, Alexandra. "Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2018theseBoccarossaA.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Tuscano, Martina. "L’alimentation au défi de l’écologisation : une analyse sociologique de l’action publique et de l’action collective dans deux territoires de Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHES0136.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor the past twenty years, the environmental issue has been present in all areas of society, and the environment has become the central problem in the formulation of narratives and collective projects. The agri-food system provides an invaluable field for observing processes of ecologisation. Through an ethnographic survey conducted over three years (2017-2020) in the south-est of France, this research examines the ways in which the environmental issue is problematized, adopted or criticised within collectives that associate a range of actors aiming at transforming food production and consumption patterns. It combines a socio-anthropological approach of public action with a pragmatic approach of collective action and focuses on the way in which institutional, economic and civil society actors address the ecological issue in the agri-food field. This study focuses, on the one hand, on territorial public action programmes (e.g., “Projets Alimentaires Terriaux”) and, on the other hand, on targeted collective initiatives (participative certifications, social and solidarity economy initiatives, consumers mobilisations, producers’ groups). Firstly, it suggests that the narratives of ecologisation produced locally reflect both the institutionalisation of environment and the specificity of the two territorial contexts studied. Secondly, it shows that the collective problematization of the environmental question can be a source of tension within the collectives under study, especially when it undermines the established routines, values, and forms of organization. Finally, this work shows that the advent of the environmental question is expressed by a “projectification” of action, both individual and collective, revealing a quest for new purposes in a time of crisis
Guerlet, Grégory. "La gestion des ports par une entite publique : aspects européens et environnementaux". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983306.
Pełny tekst źródłaGeorgeault, Laurent. "Le potentiel d'écologie industrielle en France : approche territoriale et éléments de réalisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010641.
Pełny tekst źródłaNo English summary available
Boccarossa, Alexandra. "Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20043/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Hily, Sandrine. "Les commissions de quartier à l’heure de l’engagement écocitoyen, à Dijon : entre communication stratégique publique locale et construction d’un espace public restreint morcelé". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH022/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral thesis in Information and Communication Science explores the question of eco-citizen commitment in the neighborhood commissions of Dijon. Many academic or more popular publications in different fields of research (Information and Communication Science, social and environmental psychology, political science, law, philosophy, ecology, etc.) have addressed this issue in recent years. Once the actors of the question had been defined (the inhabitants, elected officials, technicians, representatives of structures and associations, etc.), it was possible to study different instances of participatory democracy in Dijon. The following question ensued : "How are the neighborhood commissions of Dijon stretched between the information-communication implementations of local public communication and fragmented, limited public space?" How does eco-citizenship emerge or not from this split? The methodology used by the author was inductivist with observant participation, research-action as field researcher since she is both a researcher and a municipal councilor of Dijon, the Delegate to local democracy (2014-2020)
Calla, Simon. "Des poissons, des hommes et des rivières : sociologie d'un problème de pollution en Franche-Comté". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC020.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween 2009 and 2015, several rivers in the Doubs department were the scene of episodes of fish mortality. Summarising the uncertainties and concerns about the sustainability of fishing practices and potential health risks, this phenomenon has most often been explained by "river pollution". However, it seems that such a qualification casts a veil on the attempts at solutions put in place by the actors. Returning to the various surveys through which the actors concerned by this situation mobilize different resources to understand the causes of fish mortality episodes and control them, this work shows that the complexity of the phenomenon, the diversity of the issues it covers and its geographical size exceed the singular capacity of resolution specific to each group (environmental associations, structures representing the agricultural world, public authorities...) and require collective but always uncertain activity to define the problem and its solutions. It also appears that these investigations carry with them the risk of mutual denunciation and attribution of responsibilities. Also, while river advocates are engaged in denouncing agricultural activities and sanitation management leading to the opening of a conflict situation, experts mandated by government representatives conclude that the phenomenon is multifactorial and leads to a dilution of responsibilities. The situation then remains partly undetermined and the explanation by "river pollution" becomes a political solution, or even a "diplomatic tool" for a collective problem that is difficult to make sense of
Koveneva, Olga. "Vivre ensemble dans la nature et dans la ville : regards comparés sur les grammaires de la mise en commun en France et en Russie". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0064.
Pełny tekst źródłaWeakening of citizen participation and crisis of the legitimacy of political action -that is the challenge that modern democracies face nowadays our dissertation approaches this problem by questioning practical aspects of citizen engagement -disengagement in regard to the tension inherent to the exercise of politics that confronts the proximate environment, place of living, with the public sphere, place of discussing and constructing politics. Through a comparative study of local communities in Russia and France (2002-2011) based on the framework french pragmatic sociology, we consider the experiences of public affairs, follow the emergence and the progressive constitution of politics from proximate relations to extended solidarities and causes, and analyze various modes of engaging according to which persons respond to troubles, establish ties, take initiatives, mobilize oneself, use shared repertoires of action and put their efforts together the findings of this research fill the lacunaes of studies focusing primarily y on the civil society building or on the development of participatory democracy. We show, in particular, that the distancing of people from active participation to politics can be explained by their reluctance to certain prevailing constraints of public, as well as to the lack of understanding and recognition, in the public sphere, of their proximate environment that the political action aims to change
Clement, Florent. "La politique autoroutière française à l'épreuve des mots du Grenelle de l'Environnement : saisir le changement par l’infusion des lignes narratives". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH038/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHow could the French « Grenelle de l'Environnement », a political event that came down to a set of malleable discourses at first sight, have led to the end of several important highway projects that had been studied for long ? How could this event of environmental policies and out of the frontiers of the highway sector, to which neither the administration nor the members of the Parliament participated, be behind such an important change in a policy considered as traditional and sectorial?This work argues that a link can be established between the transformation of a policy and the production of a discourse outside the frontiers of its sector. It is based on the concept of storylines – short narratives that make sense linking each other the elements of policies – and develops the notion of infusion as the process of the construction of a cognitive framework on new storylines. Our case-study shows that the infusion of the storylines of the “Grenelle de l'Environnement” in the highway sector enables to understand the policy change. From a theoretical point of view, this PhD thesis argues that storylines are useful for policy and policy change analysis. On the one hand, storylines can be considered as explanatory variables of policy change : the concept of storyline helps to understand how the Grenelle could have produced some change in the french highway policy with the end of several important projects, while it was only a set of malleable discourses. On the other hand, they can also be interpreted as state variables: the infusion of the storylines of the Grenelle in the highway policy gives a representation of the policy and particularly of its antagonistic dynamics between the national and the local level
Batisse, Julien. "Responsabilité sociétale et ancrage territorial d'une entreprise de services urbains : le cas de Lyonnaise des Eaux". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30049/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of contemporary reflections on the sustainability of urban water utilities, we focus on Lyonnaise des Eaux’s corporate social responsibility strategy as a contribution to putting into words and implementing sustainable development in this sector. This work aims at analyzing on the one hand the causes, processes, goals of Lyonnaise des Eaux CSR strategy and understanding on the other hand the impact of these strategies on the company’s territorial embeddedness. CSR's territorial impetus is expressed via a global-local interaction process leading to the regionalization of Lyonnaise des Eaux CSR strategy and, its local embodiment through sustainable development projects. Based on the example of water management in the Bordeaux metropolis, we have studied and conducted two sustainable development projects within the company, one focused on water poverty management and the other focused on sustainable management of domestic water consumption. Exploring the feasibility conditions of these CSR projects highlights the opportunities for the company to meet the challenges of the territory by limiting the impact associated with its business or generate specific resources necessary for its integration into local innovation systems. The territorial approach of corporate responsibility strategy shows that it also appears as a negotiated interface used by Lyonnaise des Eaux for its adaptation and action at different scales
Thomas, Rachel. "Ambiances publiques, mobilité, sociabilité : approche interdisciplinaire de l'accessibilité piétonnière des villes". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514432.
Pełny tekst źródłaMilesi, Sandrine. "Étude de la production de furocoumarines par la Rue officinale (Ruta graveolens L. ) : cultures de plantes au champ et cultures in vitro". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_MILESI_S.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVodouhe, Sèlognon Gilles. "Hautepierre : un éco-quartier modèle pour la ville de Strasbourg : utopie ou réalité ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG041.
Pełny tekst źródłaStrasbourg City choice of a “garden area” method of urban planning as the Urban Renewal Project (PRU) of Hautepierre area is not without questioning specialists interested in the subject. This thesis analyzes the potential resources of Hautepierre area to be reorganized into a “garden area”. This research sheds also lights on the elaborating process of the PRU, the involvement of the inhabitants, and the principal actors of this project (inhabitants, social landlords bailleurs sociaux, professionals and political representives). Evaluating the participation of Hautepierre inhabitants in the elaboration of the Urban Renovation Project (PRU) in term of capability reveals that there is no real active participation of these inhabitants. The “garden area” appears as a compromise between the National Urban Renewal Agency (ANRU) security requirements and the demand made by the inhabitants to preserve green areas. This choice is also symbolic in regard to the history of Hautepierre area and its socio-economic caracteristics
Flaminio, Silvia. "(Se) représenter les barrages : (a)ménagement, concessions et controverses". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN071/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this PhD thesis is to study representations and narratives on dams, which are often controversial infrastructures. If the symbolic role of dams has been underlined in the literature, few studies actually focus on the perception of dams and their spatial and temporal trajectories. Building on the literature of social and cultural geography on representation, and the writings of political ecology on discourse, this thesis confronts different sources (newspapers, interviews and archives), study areas (in France and Australia) and methodological approaches (quantitative and qualitative) in order to follow the discursive evolution of hydraulic infrastructure. The points of view of various stakeholders are also considered: inhabitants, engineers and hydraulic institutions, opponents to dams, administrations in charge of nature protection and scientists who produce environmental knowledge. From a methodologicial perspective, the dissertation highlights the limits of certain material and illustrates the necessity to consider different sources in parallel. The results show the evolution of waterscapes, hydrosocial spaces and cycles---the gradual concessions made to environmentalists at the expense of hydraulic bureaucracies---but they also illustrate, on a broader perspective, the production and the flow of discourses on the environment---the disaggregation of a Promethean discourse on nature and the multiplication of different and sometimes opposing representations of the environment---particularly during conflicts and controversies
Bouillet, Jérémy. "Débat privé, enjeu public? : comment les citoyens ordinaires construisent des opinions sur le problème de l’énergie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnergy appears to be a major public problem, in which the public authorities regularly commit. But at the other end of this chain, how do ordinary individuals appropriate the public problem of energy? In the classical measures of public opinion, energy and environmental issues are often far from the top of the hierarchy of priorities. However, to reduce the pressure generated by our consumption patterns on ecosystems, the change in consumer behavior and attitudes is presented as a major lever. Is the energy issue then a political issue for all but a problem for no one? In order to answer this question, we question the fabric of ordinary opinions and propose to consider them as discursive statements tested in more or less complex, conflicting and public social situations.Upstream, many actors with access to public space help to guide and promote certain normative injunctions to define "good" practice. But these injunctions are neither stable nor homogeneous: they are the subject of controversies and give rise to discursive reformulations, sometimes dissonant. Between technological, economic, ecological, societal, etc. energy as a public problem is then subjected to a framing by dynamic normative orders defining certain deviations and is offered solutions recognized as legitimate under the influence of, inter alia, public action.But this level of description does not take "ordinary" citizens into account, and covers a common instrumental presupposition that citizens with "good" information act "correctly". This presupposition is questionable. Admittedly, an overwhelming majority of respondents stressed their agreement in principle to energy savings, thus demonstrating their knowledge - even partial - of the existence of a "public energy problem" and a commitment - even limited - to injunctions to moderate their energy consumption. But this tacit agreement comes up against other injunctions, competition between problems, social practices and the practical implementation of solutions.Neither overcompetent nor incompetent, ordinary citizens construct meaning through competitive normative norms and seek to make it compatible with their lifestyles. To do this, the confrontation of their opinions and the collective adjustment of their representations are necessary. By taking up some of the notions of pragmatism, we examine how the perceptions of the energy problem vary according to the social scenes in which it is discussed, their publicity or the degree of conflict that they generate, and we show that local communities with a common interpretation of a problem - and possibly solutions - can emerge and help fuel the legitimacy of the problem in public space. In this way, we emphasize that there are more or less public spaces but which do not always meet the criteria of conflictualization and rise in generality. These spaces illustrate the importance of taking into account the ambivalence and the lability of opinions in the appropriation of a public problem and the standardization of its solutions
Florio, Sergio. "La protezione giuridica del paesaggio in Italia e in Francia". Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0080/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis expands on the status of legal protection of landscape in the two Countries. The Constitutional level of landscape preservation is older and specific in Italy, in France it is most recent and environment based in general. In regards to the ordinary legislation, beyond the Alps, we find a large number of institutions of preservation, differing according to the asset or the considered territory. There are overabundant administrative/urban instruments, that often provide only a formal protection and create some doubts. However, the preservation is high for some assets or areas, such as those in charge of the “Architectes des Bâtiments” or for the coastal areas. It is important the role of the administrative judge. On the contrary, in Italy, the fundamental tools (constrains, urban planning and permission) work for assets and protected territories in a generalized way. The planning has been little and badly implemented, while the permission has been used by the Regions with ease. However, the absolute right to the landscape presents itself in both Countries. In the conclusion, in regard to France, we advance, amongst other things, a specific system of legal permissions, the reduction of urban/environment documents, the introduction of more binding regulations and a specific scheduling. In regard to Italy, we think it appropriate to create a landscape planning, or better, to unify the landscape planning to the local urban one, creating a coordination, missing for the time being. In addition, we advance that authorization will be on State exclusive jurisdiction. The regulations could rise to the higher rank of ”Landscape State Property”, to be considered not as property regimen but as binding statute of priceless value and eminent domain assets for several respects
La tesi intende approfondire la protezione giudica del paesaggio nei due Paesi. Senza trascurare il contributo offerto da altre discipline nel corso degli anni.Non è un caso che in Francia il paesaggio è considerato un tema di studi a parte intera. Fondamentale prendere in considerazione il livello costituzionale di tutela, avanzato e specifico in Italia, recente e relativo all’ambiente in generale in Francia. Interessante anche il contributo della Convenzione europea del paesaggio di Firenze e le definizioni di paesaggio offerte da diverse discipline. Il paesaggio è proiettato verso la qualificazione di vero e proprio diritto, anche fondamentale. Il lavoro continua con lo studio analitico di numerosi istituti che connotano la protezione nei due paesi. La Francia si caratterizza per un sistema che potremmo definire binario, uno dedicato alla generalità dei territori e l’altro alle numerose zone particolarmente sensibili. L’Italia presenta invece una certa omogeneità di protezione per tutti i territori presi in considerazione. Nel corso della tesi si effettua una comparazione dei due sistemi, pur tenendo conto delle evidenti differenze. Nelle conclusioni si sottolineano punti di forza e di debolezza e si prospetta qualche ipotesi di miglioramento dei due sistemi giuridici