Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Eastern Cities)”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Eastern Cities).
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Eastern Cities)”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Rajagopalan, Mrinalini. "Planning Middle Eastern Cities". Journal of Architectural Education 59, nr 2 (listopad 2005): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1531-314x.2005.00023.x.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Grodek, T., J. Lange, J. Lekach i S. Husary. "Urban hydrology in mountainous middle eastern cities". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, nr 3 (17.03.2011): 953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-953-2011.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. The Mediterranean climate together with the type of urban setting found in mountainous Middle Eastern cities generate much lower runoff yields than previously reported and than usually estimated for urban design. In fact, a close analysis shows that most of the rainwater remains within the cities as a possible source for urban groundwater recharge. The present study examined two locales – Ramallah, an old traditional Palestinian Arab town, and Modiin, a new township in Israel – both situated on the karstic Yarkon Taninim aquifer. This aquifer supplies the only high-quality drinking water in the region (one quarter of the Israeli-Palestinian water demand), which is characterized by dense populations and limited water resources. This paper provides the first measured information on the hydrological effects of urbanization in the area. It was found that the shift of the mountainous natural steep slopes into a series of closed-terraces with homes and gardens create areas that are disconnected from the urban runoff response. Roofs drained into the attached gardens create favorable recharge units. Mainly low-gradient roads became the principal source for urban runoff already following 1–4 mm of rainfall. Parallel roads converted single peak hydrographs towards multi-peak runoff responses, increasing flow duration and reducing peak discharges. The remaining urban area (public parks, natural areas, etc.) generated runoff only as a result of high-magnitude rainstorms. All of the above conditions limited urban runoff coefficients to an upper boundary of only 35% and 30% (Ramallah and Modiin, respectively). During extreme rainstorms (above 100 mm) similar runoff coefficients were measured in urban and natural catchments as a result of the limited areas contributing to runoff in the urban areas, while natural terrain does not have these artificial limits. Hence, the effects of urbanization decrease with event magnitude and there is significant potential for urban groundwater recharge. However, frequent low-magnitude rainstorms often generate highly polluted stormwater in urban sewer systems and this water should only be used with great caution.
3
Grodek, T., J. Lange, J. Lekach i S. Husary. "Urban hydrology in mountainous middle eastern cities". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, nr 5 (27.09.2010): 7305–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-7305-2010.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. The Mediterranean climate together with the type of urban setting found in mountainous Middle Eastern cities generate much lower runoff yields than previously reported and than usually estimated for urban design. In fact, a close analysis shows that most of the rainwater remains within the cities as a possible source for urban groundwater recharge. The present study examined two locales – Ramallah, an old traditional Palestinian Arab town, and Modiin, a new township in Israel – both situated on the karstic Yarkon Taninim aquifer. This aquifer supplies the only high-quality drinking water in the region (one quarter of the Israeli-Palestinian water demand), which is characterized by dense populations and limited water resources. This paper provides the first measured information on the hydrological effects of urbanization in the area. It was found that the shift of the mountainous natural steep slopes into a series of closed-terraced homes and gardens created areas that are disconnected from the urban runoff response. Roofs drained into the attached gardens and created favorable recharge units. Mainly low-gradient roads became the principal source for urban runoff already following 1–4 mm of rainfall. Parallel roads converted single peak hydrographs towards multi-peak runoff responses, increasing flow duration and reducing peak discharges. The remaining urban area (public parks, natural areas, etc.) generated runoff only as a result of high-magnitude rainstorms. All of the above conditions limited urban runoff coefficients to an upper boundary of only 22% and 30% (Ramallah and Modiin, respectively). During extreme rainstorms (above 100 mm) similar runoff coefficients were measured in urban and natural catchments as a result of the limited areas contributing to runoff in the urban areas, while natural terrain does not have these artificial limits. Hence, it was found, the effects of urbanization decrease with event magnitude and there is significant potential for urban groundwater recharge. However, frequent low-magnitude rainstorms often generate highly polluted stormwater in urban sewer systems and this water should only be used with great caution.
4
TAKAHASHI, Seiichi. "Remains of Capital Cities in Eastern Asia". Japanese Journal of Human Geography 42, nr 5 (1990): 442–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.42.442.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Guo, Shengqian, Xue Tang, Ting Meng, Jincan Chu i Han Tang. "Industrial Structure, R&D Staff, and Green Total Factor Productivity of China: Evidence from the Low-Carbon Pilot Cities". Complexity 2021 (4.01.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6690152.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Using data of 26 cities in China from 2004 to 2017, the green total factor productivity is investigated by the SMM-GML method. The corresponding empirical analysis is conducted with the DID model. This paper investigates the relation between low-carbon pilot policy (LCC) and green total factor productivity and discusses the mediating effect of industrial structure and the number of R&D staff (RDS). First, we find that LCC has a significant effect on pilot cities’ GTFP. And, it also promotes GTFP via industrial structure. Second, LCC can improve industrial structure optimization and realization, and industrial structure realization affects GTFP significantly, while optimization cannot. Third, LCC cannot attract more RDS, and RDS harms local GDFP because of talent misallocation. At last, the rate of GTFP presented different upward trends in the order of non-eastern cities and eastern cities. The effect of LCC on GTFP is significant in non-eastern cities, but not eastern ones, which clearly demonstrates the imbalanced development of the green economy. Therefore, the governments of eastern and non-eastern regions should adopt different measures based on local conditions in industrial structure transformation and recruitment and strengthen environmental regulations to make the effect of the low-carbon policy lasting and promote GTFP growth balance in all regions.
6
Hosier, R. "Energy and Environmental Management in Eastern African Cities". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, nr 9 (wrzesień 1992): 1231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a241231.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cities in eastern Africa have been growing at an unheralded pace, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Despite this rapid urbanization, very little research has been focused on energy and the environment in urban eastern Africa. This paper contains a review of what little work has been carried out to date. Several conclusions are pointed out. First, cities throughout the region remain small and have formed largely without industrial development. ‘Urbanization without industrialization’ means that the existing urban environmental problems are attributable to inadequate provision of service and not to the industrialization-linked problems found in more developed countries. Even if economic growth improves, action will be necessary to alleviate existing environmental problems. Second, the expected rapid pace of urban growth will impose tremendous costs at all levels. Increased user costs, either through reliance on private-sector alternatives or through public-sector tariffs, must be increasingly relied upon to defray the fiscal impacts of rapid urbanization and to assure the sustainability of urban infrastructural systems. Third, as the anticipated urban growth and industrialization take place, the focus of energy and environmental planners working on cities in eastern Africa will shift from basic service provision to increasingly complex problems. These shifts will require labor and financial resources far exceeding those currently found in these countries. Fourth, although energy and environmental needs may differ according to the size of the city, there has been little or no attention paid to problems outside of the primate cities. As a result, it is unclear how the problems and solutions will differ across the urban hierarchy. Clearly, urban planners need to consider the importance of energy and the environment. At the same time, energy and environmental researchers must pay greater attention to urban areas.
7
Kühn, Manfred, Matthias Bernt i Laura Colini. "Power, politics and peripheralization: Two Eastern German cities". European Urban and Regional Studies 24, nr 3 (8.05.2016): 258–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776416637207.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Increasing socio-spatial inequalities in Europe have led to a revival of the term “peripheralization” in urban and regional research. In this context, peripheralization is often seen as an outcome of powerlessness. It is stated that peripheralized actors are lacking the capacities to influence decisions or are excluded from decision-making networks. This paper contributes to the understanding of the relationship between peripheralization and power by empirically testing if the notion of “powerless” peripheries holds true in the light of established theories on local power. Therefore, we refer to the Community Power Debate, especially to concepts known as the “three faces of power” and the distinction between “power over” and “power to”, which were brought forward by Urban Regime theories. We discuss two empirical cases in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and demonstrate that peripheralization here cannot be regarded as the outcome of an intended disadvantage facilitated by powerful elites (“power over”). Rather, we highlight a number of structural constraints, which decisively limit the capacity to act and the scope for local decision-making (“power to”). We conclude that future research should overcome a perspective on peripheries as exclusively being dominated and disadvantaged by the centres and focus on the lack of resources that hinders peripheries to have a more sustained influence in political decision-making.
8
Chen, Kun, Yinrong Chen, Qingying Zhu i Min Liu. "The Relationship between Environmental Regulation, Industrial Transformation Change and Urban Low-Carbon Development: Evidence from 282 Cities in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 19 (7.10.2022): 12837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912837.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Environmental regulation (ER) plays an important role in urban low-carbon development (ULCD). First of all, we evaluate the ULCD level of 282 cities in China from 2005 to 2020 by constructing an index group and entropy method. Two panel models are then used to test the spillover effects and threshold effects of ER and industrial structure on ULCD. The results show that the ULCD level of most cities is still in grade III (0.27–0.38) or IV (0.38–0.49), and the level of central-western cities is generally lower than that of eastern cities. Furthermore, the spillover effect of ER and industrial structure upgrading (UIS) on ULCD is positive in eastern cities (0.038) but opposite in central or western cities (−0.024). Further results show that the positive effects of optimization of industrial structure (OIS) and UIS are gradually increasing with the improvement of ER. However, the positive effects are more beneficial to the eastern cities. Therefore, the conclusions of this study can provide a decision-making reference for local government to comprehensively formulate environmental and industrial policies to enhance the low-carbon development of cities.
9
Wang, Ke, i Xueying Yu. "Industrial Energy and Environment Efficiency of Chinese Cities: An Analysis Based on Range-Adjusted Measure". International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 16, nr 04 (28.07.2014): 1023–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622014400033.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Industrial energy and environment efficiency evaluation is essential in guiding national and environmental policy making, since the industrial sector is the largest energy consumer and major pollutants producer in China. This study utilizes the Range-Adjusted Measure (RAM)-based models to evaluate the energy and environment efficiency of industrial sectors in 31 Chinese major cities. The empirical results show that eastern Chinese cities outperform their western counterparts in terms of industrial energy efficiency, and central Chinese cities outperform their eastern counterparts in terms of industrial environment efficiency. Under natural disposability, 23 cities exhibit decreasing returns to scale, and under managerial disposability, 18 cities exhibit increasing damages to scale.
10
Li, Shicheng, Jian Gong, Qinghai Deng i Tianyu Zhou. "Impacts of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway on Accessibility and Economic Linkage of the Third Pole". Sustainability 10, nr 11 (31.10.2018): 3982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113982.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Constructing the Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR) was a landmark project and was beneficial to the sustainable development of the Third Pole. To understand the sustainable development of remote regions by the provision of railway, we studied the QTR’s impact on accessibilities and economic linkages for four cities in the Third Pole, Xining, Golmud, Nagqu, and Lhasa, and between these four cities and 29 capital cities in mid-eastern China. First, employing average shortest travel time (ASTT) and weighted average travel time (WATT) as indicators, we calculated the railway-based accessibilities for June 2006 and January 2013. Then, using a gravity model, railway-based economic linkages were determined. The results demonstrate that: (i) ASTT for Xining–Golmud decreased by 4.14 h from June 2006 to January 2013. Both ASTT and WATT indicated that the accessibilities of the four cities and between these four cities and 29 capital cities in mid-eastern China improved significantly, and the spatial disparity in accessibility for the four cities decreased, which increased the balance and sustainability of the transportation system; (ii) the average contribution rate of the QTR to improving economic linkages for six routes among the four cities was 25.29%, with the Xining–Nagqu and Nagqu–Lhasa linkages improving most significantly; (iii) the QTR strengthened economic linkages between the four cities and mid-eastern cities. Because of the QTR, the economic linkages between the four cities and 29 capital cities increased 27.58% on average. The spatial disparity in interurban economic linkages also decreased. Transporting products from Tibet should be promoted to strengthen the sustainability of economic growth.
11
Liu, Juan, Jing Yu Su, Wei Wang i Dong Hui Ma. "Information Entropy Method for Evaluating Regional Earthquake Relative Disaster-Carrying Capability". Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (maj 2012): 2070–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2070.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In order to enhance the accuracy of regional disaster-carrying capability assessment, the dissipative structure of the regional urban earthquake relative disaster-carrying system is highly complicated and nonlinear. Moreover, the problem is multi-attribute, multi-index and multilevel. Based on the evaluation index system of regional relative disaster-carrying capability, This paper used the entropy weight assignment method to work out each index’s objective weight, quantitatively researched the 29 cities’ earthquake relative disaster-carrying capability, worked out every city’s relative disaster-carrying capability and divided its grades using the mean deviation method. The research results showed that the earthquake relative disaster-carrying capability of our country was much unbalanced. It was positively correlation with the economic performance, the eastern, central and western cities’ earthquake relative disaster-carrying capabilities were mainly distributed in the shape of the ladder. The eastern cities’ capabilities were much higher than the western cities’. So, we suggested that the eastern cities should further improve its earthquake disaster-carrying capability and the central and western cities should spend more efforts to develop its earthquake disaster-carrying capability. Only in this way, our country’s urban earthquake disaster reduction can develop evenly.
12
Wang, Na, i Yongrok Choi. "Comparative Analysis of the Energy and CO2 Emissions Performance and Technology Gaps in the Agglomerated Cities of China and South Korea". Sustainability 11, nr 2 (17.01.2019): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020475.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the technology gap, energy efficiency, and CO2 emission performance of the agglomerated cities in Eastern and Central China and South Korea under economic heterogeneity. The potential reductions of energy and CO2 emission are estimated from agglomerated city perspectives. The global meta-frontier non-radial direction distance function is used to conduct an empirical analysis of agglomerated cities among Eastern, Central China and South Korea. The results show the potential reduction of 7.58 billion tons of CO2 emissions in Korea and another potential reduction of 1930.62 toe energy for the research period in China, if Korea and China proactively collaborate with each other. The empirical results conclude several unique findings and their implications. First, there are significant differences between the Chinese and Korean cities, in energy efficiency, CO2 emission performance, and meta-technology gaps. Korean cities play a leading role at benchmarking efficiency level with meta-frontier technology. Second, there is no significant difference between total-factor and single-factor performance indexes in the Korean cities, because South Korea requires large capital stocks to replace energy in the production process. However, the opposite is true for Eastern and Central China cities. Finally, there is huge potential for the Chinese cities to reduce energy and CO2 emissions by “catching up” internally as well as by the collaborative efforts with Korean cities.
13
Singelmann, Joachim, i Jurgen Friedrichs. "The Development of Cities in Western and Eastern Europe." Contemporary Sociology 16, nr 4 (lipiec 1987): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069911.
Pełny tekst źródła
14
Welch, Paul D. "How Early were Cities in the Eastern United States?" Journal of Urban History 30, nr 4 (maj 2004): 594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144203259353.
Pełny tekst źródła
15
Khatam, Azam, i Oded Haas. "Interrupting planetary urbanization: A view from Middle Eastern cities". Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, nr 3 (9.03.2018): 439–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775818759334.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper argues that the ‘city’ as a political entity is significant in struggles over the ‘urban’, by identifying two moments of ‘differential urbanization’ in the Middle East. Our study in Iran and Palestine/Israel shows that the vision of the ‘city’ as a legitimizing space for political citizenship is at the heart of conflicting imaginaries: in Iran, ‘cities of revolution’ built through housing the poor around Tehran, and redistributive politics that stand on filling the ‘rural/urban gap’, and in Palestine, the new city of Rawabi as a city of Palestinian independence, where privatized urban development contrasts colonial spatialities with anti-colonial potentials. Thus, the right to the ‘urban’ involves claims for the ‘city’ that go beyond the capitalist logic of urbanization. This theorization points to a troubling gap in the planetary urbanization thesis, which moves from collapsing the ‘urban/non-urban’ divide into ‘concentrated’, extended’ and ‘differential’ urbanization to diminishing the role of distinct sociospatial configurations in claims over the ‘urban’. Our case studies show that examining the reconfiguration of inherited spatialities in the context of particular political regimes is imperative for epistemology of the ‘urban’ in its planetary stage. Urbanization otherwise remains an uninterrupted process towards a non-spatial ‘urban condition’.
16
Türeli, Ipek. "‘Small’ Architectures, Walking and Camping in Middle Eastern Cities". International Journal of Islamic Architecture 2, nr 1 (1.03.2013): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia.2.1.5_1.
Pełny tekst źródła
17
Gibb, Herman, Cary Haver, Kostj Kozlov, Jose A. Centeno, Vera Jurgenson, Allan Kolker, Kathryn M. Conko, Edward R. Landa i Hanna Xu. "Biomarkers of Mercury Exposure in Two Eastern Ukraine Cities". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 8, nr 4 (22.01.2011): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2011.556984.
Pełny tekst źródła
18
Farzampour, Alireza, i Arash Kamali-Asl. "Seismic hazard assessment for two cities in Eastern Iran". Earthquakes and Structures 8, nr 3 (25.03.2015): 681–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.3.681.
Pełny tekst źródła
19
Falkenhausen, Lothar von. "The economic role of cities in Eastern Zhou China". Archaeological Research in Asia 14 (czerwiec 2018): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2017.07.008.
Pełny tekst źródła
20
Yang, Hui. "Spatial Layout of Linear Cities in Eastern Region of Northwest China". Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (sierpień 2013): 1684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1684.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Eastern region of northwest China includes Shaanxi, Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region and the area to the east of Lanzhou city, Gansu Province. Most of the region is covered by Qinling mountains and Loess Plateau that is a crisscross network of gullies, Urban land for construction shows a form of ribbon, thus creating a large number of linear cities. In this paper, based on the theories of linear city which is Matas classic theory of urban form , and based on linear cities status and trends of development in eastern region of northwest China, we put forward the concept of "organic growth" and "dynamic growth" into linear citiesstudy. Based on this, the paper combines with examples of typical cases, to explore a new form of linear cities spatial layout which combine dispersal and compaction, and not only give full play to Linear Cities advantages, but also as far as possible to avoid the disadvantages ,with the aim of changing the passive situation in the development of these cities .
21
Yu, Huayi, i Yanfen Huang. "Regional heterogeneity and the trans-regional interaction of housing prices and inflation: Evidence from China’s 35 major cities". Urban Studies 53, nr 16 (21.07.2016): 3472–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015617882.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper proposes a theoretical framework to analyse the regionally heterogeneous responses of housing prices and inflation to the monetary aggregates shock and the trans-regional interaction of housing prices and inflation, which has seldom been discussed in previous literature. Using a GVAR (Globe Vector Autoregression) model, evidence based on China’s 35 major cities for this framework is provided. The results show that (1) the housing price shocks have weak positive influence on CPIs (consumer price index); (2) the housing price shocks, especially the shocks in first-tier cities and eastern cities, have strong positive influence on domestic housing price dynamics and housing prices of other cities; (3) monetary aggregates shock has strong influence on the housing prices of first-tier cities and eastern cities, while weak influence on that of central and western cities. CPIs are barely influenced by monetary aggregates shocks. The empirical results are in accordance with the theoretical explanation. Based on empirical results, this paper proposes policy recommendations for stabilising housing prices.
22
CHEN, Nan, Guiyang ZHUANG, Shouxian ZHU, Dong WANG i Jue LI. "Evaluation of Low-Carbon Development of Chinese Cities in 2018". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 09, nr 01 (marzec 2021): 2150003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748121500032.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper evaluates the low-carbon development of 176 Chinese cities in 2018 using the Low-carbon City Evaluation Indicator System developed by Research Institute for Eco-civilization, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The evaluation shows an overall improvement of low-carbon development of cities in China, with 10 cities scoring 90 points and above, and 106 cities scoring 80–89 points. From the perspective of city category, the low-carbon development scores present an order as follows: service-oriented [Formula: see text]-prioritized [Formula: see text] cities. Geologically speaking, eastern cites perform best, western cities come second and central cities come last. Of the three batches of low-carbon city pilots, the scores follow the pattern of Batch [Formula: see text] 3. Most cities are characterized by high carbon consumption and reduced efforts in low-carbon management and capital investment. Finally, this paper proposes to attach more importance to low-carbon development and strengthen capacity building for low-carbon governance; intensify efforts for constructing low-carbon pilots in order to help achieve the goal of carbon emission peak during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period; and to improve the Low-carbon City Evaluation Indicator System.
23
Tarasevych, Olena, Yevhen Akhromkin, Anastasiia Volkova, Daria Zablodska i Andriy Akhromkin. "Resilient Openness of Eastern European Cities in the Conditions of Sustainable Development". Problemy Ekorozwoju 18, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2023.1.11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article is devoted to the research of the resilience category, which is now one of the best safety catalysts of each state and its cities. The authors consider the resilience of cities and European countries in terms of preserving the vector of their sustainable development and successful confrontation with external and internal challenges, political and intellectual elite’s efforts to anticipate and neutralize these challenges. This material is disclosed in scientific and practical approaches to openness of countries (cities), as well as through analysis of results of resilience estimation on large cities of Eastern Europe in sustainable development conditions. The article emphasized importance of ratings and methods that reflect the results of the transparency assessment of the city councils’ activities in order to ensure their social, economic and environmental development. For the purposes of the article the authors presented main assessment results of pollution and comfort of residence in cities of Eastern Europe, which allowed to carry out comparative assessment analysis of openness and transparency of the Ukrainian cities in the context of their resolution under sustainable development conditions.
24
Zhang, Yunzhi. "Free trade and the environment – evidence from Chinese cities". Environment and Development Economics 25, nr 6 (20.10.2020): 561–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x2000042x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThis paper studies the impact of trade openness and the proportion of exporters on environmental quality through the scale, composition and technique effects from 1998 to 2007 using firm- and city-level data for 287 Chinese cities. Our results reveal that, on average, trade openness has a detrimental impact on the environment in Chinese cities, but this impact remains heterogeneous across regions. A higher proportion of exporters improves the environment in central and eastern cities while generating nevertheless more pollution in western cities. As regards the sector-specific impact, we find that the higher proportion of exporters in the mining and less-polluting manufacturing sectors in eastern cities diminishes the emissions of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). Our finding also suggests that a pollution haven effect emerges in China at the city level. Finally, our results confirm the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve effect for the PM2.5 pollutant across Chinese cities.
25
Li, Wenchao, Lingyu Xu, Jian Xu i Ostic Dragana. "Carbon Reduction Effect of Green Technology Innovation from the Perspective of Energy Consumption and Efficiency". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (29.10.2022): 14113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114113.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Consumption-oriented or efficiency-oriented, it is a hard choice for the green technology innovation pathway. This paper uses the intermediary model to empirically analyze the panel data from 250 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019. The conclusions show that: 1. At present, energy consumption-oriented green technology innovation at the national level in China shows a completely intermediary effect, which has a more obvious emission reduction effect; compared with energy consumption, energy efficiency-oriented green technology innovation only has a very weak intermediary effect of 6.58%. 2. Only the Eastern non-resource cities and the Midwest resource cities’ green technology innovation have the effect of energy efficiency-oriented emission reduction, accounting for 8.11% and 9.02%, respectively. 3. Both the Eastern resource cities and the Midwest non-resource cities have no intermediary effect on energy efficiency, so carbon emission reduction is more difficult than in other cities.
26
Li, Guohui, Naifang Bei, Junji Cao, Jiarui Wu, Xin Long, Tian Feng, Wenting Dai, Suixin Liu, Qiang Zhang i Xuexi Tie. "Widespread and persistent ozone pollution in eastern China during the non-winter season of 2015: observations and source attributions". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, nr 4 (23.02.2017): 2759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2759-2017.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. Rapid growth of industrialization, transportation, and urbanization has caused increasing emissions of ozone (O3) precursors recently, enhancing the O3 formation in eastern China. We show here that eastern China has experienced widespread and persistent O3 pollution from April to September 2015 based on the O3 observations in 223 cities. The observed maximum 1 h O3 concentrations exceed 200 µg m−3 in almost all the cities, 400 µg m−3 in more than 25 % of the cities, and even 800 µg m−3 in six cities in eastern China. The average daily maximum 1 h O3 concentrations are more than 160 µg m−3 in 45 % of the cities, and the 1 h O3 concentrations of 200 µg m−3 have been exceeded on over 10 % of days from April to September in 129 cities. Analyses of pollutant observations from 2013 to 2015 have shown that the concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, and PM2.5 from April to September in eastern China have considerably decreased, but the O3 concentrations have increased by 9.9 %. A widespread and severe O3 pollution episode from 22 to 28 May 2015 in eastern China has been simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to chemistry (WRF-CHEM) to evaluate the O3 contribution of biogenic and various anthropogenic sources. The model generally performs reasonably well in simulating the temporal variations and spatial distributions of near-surface O3 concentrations. Using the factor separation approach, sensitivity studies have indicated that the industry source plays the most important role in the O3 formation and constitutes the culprit of the severe O3 pollution in eastern China. The transportation source contributes considerably to the O3 formation, and the O3 contribution of the residential source is not significant generally. The biogenic source provides a background O3 source, and also plays an important role in the south of eastern China. Further model studies are needed to comprehensively investigate O3 formation for supporting the design and implementation of O3 control strategies, considering rapid changes of emission inventories and photolysis caused by the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan released by the Chinese State Council in 2013.
27
Kéza, Petra Kinga, i Szabolcs Rámháp. "Central and Eastern European regional centers in the focus of urban rankings and urban indexes". Economic Annals-ХХI 195, nr 1-2 (9.02.2022): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v195-03.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The relevance of the paper is predetermined by the fact that nearly 75% of the population in the European Union live in cities, so the European Union is committed to making cities more sustainable. Thus, recent years have seen an increasing need for studies on urban indexes measuring European cities as well as those on the evaluation of the indexes. The purpose of this paper is to prove that Central and Eastern European medium-sized cities as regional centers are an under-researched area in social science research. While one typical trend of this research is ranking based on various aspects as well as the determination of leading cities, the regional centers of Central and Eastern European countries are only tangentially included in this research. The research objectives: The analysis examines 94 regional centers in ten Central and Eastern European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia) with regional functions at NUTS2 level based on a total of 41 different economic indexes and rankings. The research was based on the Eurostat Urban Audit database and the keyword search engine of scientific search engines such as Web of Science, Science direct, and Google Scholar. The research question: Which Central and Eastern European regional centers are examined by the different city rankings and indexes? The research results and conclusions are the following: 1) As a result of the research, it was found that out of the 94 regional centers, the most examined cities are Krakow, Wroclaw and Brno. A randomly selected city is included in only 11% of the studied rankings and indexes. 2) However, half of the Central and Eastern European capitals are considered areas for city rankings and indexes. The most studied capitals are, ranked in order of focus; Budapest and Prague, Vienna, Ljubljana, Bratislava, Sofia, Warsaw and Zagreb. 3) Based on the correlation analysis, we found a strong relationship between two indicators (Cultural Creative Cities Index and Smart Cities Index) which suggests that it would make sense to explore further relationships for which it is indispensable to have the right quality and quantity of data. All in all, it would be worthwhile creating an economic index measuring the performance of Central and Eastern European regional centers which could help regional and city governments as well as potential investors get an up-to-date and comprehensive picture of regional centers in the region.
28
Lin, Shanlang, Ziyang Chen i Ziwen He. "Intra-City Industrial Collaborative Agglomeration, Inter-City Network Connectivity and Green Technology Innovation". Sustainability 13, nr 16 (7.08.2021): 8835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168835.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Using the panel data of 263 prefecture-level cities in China, this article explores the development of green technology innovation under the influence of intra-city industrial collaborative agglomeration and inter-city network connectivity. Regression results prove that both of them can enhance green technology innovation. However, further heterogeneity tests suggest that the promoting power of industrial collaborative agglomeration is only significant in the eastern, central and medium-level cities. Meanwhile, there is a significant negative moderating correlation between industrial collaborative agglomeration and network connectivity. This negative moderating effect is particularly significant in the eastern, high and low-level cities.
29
Ilyassova, K. M., i S. A. Bagdatova. "Global Cities of the East: a conceptual and empirical analysis of foreign studies". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 135, nr 2 (2021): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2021-135-2-115-129.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article is aimed at defining the findings and concepts of the researchers of the Eastern global cities and highlighting the features of "East Asian" global cities. For the most of the twentieth century, this area was one of the least urbanized areas in the world, but now cities are growing rapidly and becoming important centers in the regional and global urban hierarchy. The researchers of the Eastern countries identified 16 major megacities claiming the title of world cities, namely Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Seoul, Busan, Taipei, Singapore, Bangkok, Manila, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, and Istanbul. Tokyo on this list, followed by Hong Kong, is included in the "Global City", while Seoul and Taipei are included in the ranking of world cities as national models of "recently industrialized countries". These and other issues related to the global cities of the East are based on research and analysis by foreign and Russian authors.
30
Wang, Huadi, Shaogui Xu, Qiuyi Xie, Jianying Fan i Nianxing Zhou. "Study on the Temporal and Spatial Differentiation of Provincial Tourism Efficiency in Eastern China and Influencing Factors". Complexity 2021 (4.10.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4580917.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Tourism efficiency can be used to effectively measure the utilization of regional tourism resources and the state of tourism economic development. Based on the super efficiency DEA model, Malmquist index, and spatial econometric model, this article measures the static and dynamic tourism efficiency of 11 provinces and cities in eastern China for 2010 to 2019. In combining ArcGIS 10.0 and MATLAB 2016b software, this article studies the temporal and spatial differentiation of tourism efficiency in eastern provinces and cities and influencing factors. The results show that (1) the overall tourism efficiency of eastern provinces is at a high level and relatively stable, but the regional distribution is quite varied, and problems of spatial imbalance are prominent; (2) the overall tourism efficiency of eastern provinces is increasing, and the change index of technical efficiency contributes the most, followed by the change index of scale efficiency; and (3) industrial status, traffic conditions, tourism resource endowment, and the labour force are the main factors affecting the temporal and spatial differentiation of tourism efficiency in eastern provinces and cities, while the level of economic development and information technology have no significant impact.
31
Grigoryeva, Elena, i Konstantin Lidin. "Baikal Ray, linearity and the eastern turn". проект байкал 19, nr 72 (31.07.2022): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.72.1981.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the historical perspective, Irkutsk has always been a city with high linearity. In the 1960s, a group of young architects made active attempts to give Irkutsk a high degree of linearity. Their projects echo the work of the Moscow NER group, the Archigram group, and Japanese metabolists. The most striking project to improve the linearity of Irkutsk was the “Baikal Ray” by V. Voronezhsky. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in the projects of linear cities and regions created by the sixtiers. The article considers the conditions under which the restructuring of cities aimed at increasing the linearity is justified and beneficial. It is shown that in today’s context the “Baikal Ray” project becomes relevant again.
32
Munusturlar, Süleyman. "EXAMINATION OF THE LEISURE ATTITUDES OF INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN TURKEY FROM AN EAST TO WEST PERSPECTIVE". Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, nr 105 (2017): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i105.25.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background. This study aims at examining the leisure attitudes of individuals by comparing eastern and western cities. The study cinvolved 469 individuals who were living within the borders of İstanbul, Ankara, Eskişehir, Van, Tunceli and Hakkari and were selected through convenience sampling. While 257 participants were female, 212 of them were male. Methods. In the study, Independent Samples t-test, which is a parametric test, One Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and Kruskal Wallis, which is a non-parametric test, were used in order to determine the independent variables affecting the dependent variable of leisure attitude and its sub-dimensions. Results. The statistical analyses carried out revealed that the city of residence, the region of residence and education had impact on the leisure attitudes. Individuals living in eastern cities had lower leisure attitude scores than those living in western cities, educational status also was an important variable affecting the leisure attitude in eastern cities. Conclusion. In conclusion, leisure attitudes of individuals were affected positively and negatively by many variables within the context of limitations and opportunities that principally the geographical region brings along.
33
Wang, Xueyang, Xiumei Sun, Haotian Zhang i Chaokai Xue. "Digital Economy Development and Urban Green Innovation CA-Pability: Based on Panel Data of 274 Prefecture-Level Cities in China". Sustainability 14, nr 5 (2.03.2022): 2921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052921.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The digital economy (DE) plays a crucial role in green innovation (GI) and green development as a new economic form. Based on the panel data of 274 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2019, this paper constructs a comprehensive DE index and conducts two-way fixed effect regression to explore its impact on GI capabilities and examines the mediating effect of industrial structure transformation and upgrading. The research results show that: (1) The development of the DE has significantly improved the GI capability of cities. (2) In terms of space, the development of DE and GI ability development in eastern cities outperform that in central and western regions. However, the development of eastern cities is almost saturated and slow, while the development of central and western cities is faster. (3) The DE has a significant role in promoting GI capabilities in the central and western regions. Although the eastern region has a positive impact, it is negligible. In terms of urban scale, the DE of the large, medium, and small cities positively affects GI capabilities to the effect. (4) The transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure mediate the relationship between the DE and GI. Based on the above conclusions, relevant suggestions for improving GI capabilities around the development of the DE and industrial transformation and upgrading must be devised.
34
Chang, Sheng-Wen, i N. Edward Coulson. "Sources of Sectoral Employment Fluctuations in Central Cities and Suburbs: Evidence from Four Eastern U.S. Cities". Journal of Urban Economics 49, nr 2 (marzec 2001): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.2000.2192.
Pełny tekst źródła
35
Ma, Fei, Yanru Guo, Kum Fai Yuen, Suhan Woo i Wenjing Shi. "Association between New Urbanization and Sustainable Transportation: A Symmetrical Coupling Perspective". Symmetry 11, nr 2 (9.02.2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020192.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
New urbanization (NU) and sustainable transportation (ST) are two important issues in urbanization, and their symmetrical coupling is an important factor for measuring the development of the urbanization process. To comprehensively explore the symmetrical coupling level of NU and ST in the urbanization process, this study proposed a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model and calculated the CCD values of China’s nine metropolises using panel data from 2007 to 2016. The results showed that: (1) From the perspective of each city’s development, the CCD values for Beijing, Tianjin and Chongqing showed a downward trend, and those for Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Wuhan exhibited a rising trend, while the CCD values for Zhengzhou and Xi’an fell initially and then rose gradually; (2) Based on the regions of the nine cities, the CCD values of the eastern cities and the central cities all demonstrated a growth trend, while those of the western cities were consistently lower than the central and eastern cities; however, the western cities experienced the highest growth rate. (3) Predictive results showed that the CCD levels of new urbanization and sustainable transportation in the eastern, central and western cities are projected to remain unchanged. Finally, it is expected that regionally balanced development will be realized in 2025. From the symmetrical coupling perspective, this study measured and predicted the coupling coordination level of NU and ST of nine metropolises undergoing the urbanization process, which provides a theoretical basis for effective decision-making for comprehensive and sustainable development of China’s urbanization.
36
Al-Alwani, Mustafa, Steve Goodhew i Wei Pan. "Towards Sustainable Middle Eastern Cities: A Local Sustainability Assessment Framework". Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 27, nr 2 (29.05.2019): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubes.v27i2.2321.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
To assist in making Middle Eastern cities more sustainable a guiding methodological framework for local sustainability assessment is key to achieving a sustainable future. This paper investigates available frameworks and develops an approach to local sustainability assessment (LSA), by constructing a methodological framework utilising a combination of (bottom-up) and (top-down) approaches. This facilitates the formulation, selection and prioritisation of key indicators, which can then guide the assessment of a city’s sustainability at a local level in the Middle East. The paper finally applies the LSA methodological framework to the Iraqi city of Hilla and succeeds in formulating and ranking 57 useful and valid sustainability indicators.
37
Auzina, L. I. "Predicting groundwater rise in historical centres of Eastern Siberian cities". Earth sciences and subsoil use 44, nr 1 (5.04.2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-1-73-84.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of the research work is to develop a procedure for on-line prediction of the groundwater hydrodynamic mode change caused by the barrage effect of deep foundation structure construction. The main method used is the development of an analytical model as a result of variant solutions of the Laplace equation. The solutions have been elaborated in the course of studies conducted in historical centers of Irkutsk and other cities of Eastern Siberia. As a result, diagrams predicting the formation depth of groundwater level have been created, and the territories have been assessed according to their flooding conditions. An analytical model has been developed for backwater prediction. The model is rather simple, universal and can be applied for predictive calculations on the territories of historical cities located in similar geological and hydrogeological conditions. The available material analyzed, it is concluded that preliminary vertical planning of the territory, correct approach to foundation type selection as well as seasonal rise of underground water play a significant role in the formation of a new headwater elevation.
38
Kim, Chan-Ju, i Mi-Kyung Ro. "Comparison of Mens' Denim Fashion in Eastern and Western Cities". Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles 31, nr 7 (31.07.2007): 997–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5850/jksct.2007.31.7.997.
Pełny tekst źródła
39
Kradin, Nikolay N., Svetlana E. Baksheeva i Stanislav D. Prokopets. "Cities and palaces of the Mongol Empire in Eastern Transbaikal". Sibirskie istoricheskie issledovaniya, nr 2 (1.06.2018): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/2312461x/20/4.
Pełny tekst źródła
40
Chaniotis, Angelos. "Negotiating Religion in the Cities of the Eastern Roman Empire". Kernos, nr 16 (1.01.2003): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/kernos.821.
Pełny tekst źródła
41
Szívós, Erika. "Introduction: Historic Jewish Spaces in Central and Eastern European Cities". East Central Europe 42, nr 2-3 (20.01.2015): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04202005.
Pełny tekst źródła
42
KULIĆ, VLADIMIR. "The Builders of Socialism: Eastern Europe's Cities in Recent Historiography". Contemporary European History 26, nr 3 (21.11.2016): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777316000497.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
When the angry homeowners of a popular Seattle neighbourhood recently decided to rise in protest against the impending changes in the urban development code, they claimed that their chief goal was to protect the district from turning into an ‘Eastern Bloc city’. If the City Council allowed the new legislation to pass, reportedThe Seattle Times, Seattle was ‘in danger of becoming the Soviet Warsaw or East Berlin of the Pacific Northwest’. ‘I've been to Poland’, one protester said, ‘I know what they [Polish cities] look like. They're bleak. They're dead.’
43
Mazza, Mariana, Nicolás Refojo, María Eugenia Bosco-Borgeat, Constanza Giselle Taverna, Alicia Cristina Trovero, Ariel Rogé i Graciela Davel. "Cryptococcus gattiiin urban trees from cities in North-eastern Argentina". Mycoses 56, nr 6 (3.05.2013): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/myc.12084.
Pełny tekst źródła
44
Ma, Ning, Puyu Liu, Yadong Xiao, Hengyun Tang i Jianqing Zhang. "Can Green Technological Innovation Reduce Hazardous Air Pollutants?—An Empirical Test Based on 283 Cities in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 3 (30.01.2022): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031611.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Based on the panel data of 283 cities in China from 2009 to 2018, this paper analyzes the effect of urban green scientific and technological innovation enhancement on hazardous air pollutants using the GS2SLS method, which simultaneously controls for model endogeneity and spatial spillover effects and reveals the transmission mechanism of urban green scientific and technological innovation level. It was found that (1) There is a significant spatial spillover effect of hazardous air pollutants between regions, both in China as a whole and in the eastern, central, and western parts of the country, and the spatial spillover effect of hazardous air pollutants is significantly greater in the eastern and central parts of China than in the western parts. (2) Green technological innovation has a significant inhibitory effect on hazardous air pollutants in cities in eastern and central China. An extended study found that the improvement in green technology levels in innovative cities has a better effect on controlling hazardous air pollutants than in non-innovative cities. (3) The energy- saving and green economy effects have a mediating influence on the effect of green technological innovation on hazardous air pollutants in cities, and the simultaneous occurrence of these two effects in green technological innovation serves to enhance the transmission of hazardous air pollutants in order to facilitate the long-term management of haze.
45
Enyedi, György. "The transition of post-socialist cities". European Review 3, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700001460.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
After World War II, the European semi-periphery—southern, Mediterranean and the eastern one—underwent rapid industrialization and urbanization. During this process. East-Central European socialist countries also replicated the forms—but not the social content and mechanism—of earlier Western European urbanization. Post-socialist transition has introduced important changes into urban processes as follows: (a) growing inequalities; (b) development of transboundary relations and the beginning of city competition across the whole of Europe; (c) independent urban governments; (d) transformation of urban society; and (e) privatization of urban land and housing.
46
Wei, Ling Hong, Hong Yang Wu i Huan Li. "Research on the Public Transport Integration of Major Western Region Cities – A Case Study on Bus Connection with Subway Line 6 in Chonqing". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (grudzień 2012): 3809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3809.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The major western cities of China are beginning to suffer the growing traffic congestion problems, which eastern cities of China has experienced. Learn lessons from eastern cities on traffic issues as soon as possible, dealing with the diversified modes of public transportation problem of convergence effectively, providing condition for integration development of urban public transport in the west is the main goal in this paper. This paper takes Subway transit Line 6 in Chongqing as a bus connection example. On the basis of passenger volume forecast, integrated public transport optimization theory and method are used to study Chongqing subway transit Line 6 along the feeder site optimization program , it can provide the theoretical foundation and technical support for the public transport network optimization of Chongqing.
47
Xiang, Guocheng, Yunjun Xiong, Jingjing Liu, Shihu Zhong i Xin Jiang. "How Far Is the Optimal Intercity Distance? Evidence from China". International Regional Science Review 43, nr 4 (7.08.2019): 344–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017619863473.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Based on the “centripetal force” and “centrifugal force” of the intermolecular distance model in physics, this article establishes a worthwhile and original mathematical model to analyze the influence of the distribution of cities on urban labor productivity. We incorporate the crowding parameter into the local spillover model and demonstrate the existence of the optimal intercity distance. In addition, we estimate the optimal intercity distance for urban economic efficiency by using data from Chinese prefecture-level cities. Judging from the deviation between the actual average distance and the optimal average distance in each region, the cities in the eastern region are overcrowding, and the cities in the central and western regions are too sparse. Findings in this study carry several important policy implications. For areas in the central and western regions with large administrative areas and large populations, it would be appropriate to increase the number of prefecture-level cities and industrial density through industrial transfer and development. This approach is conducive not only to improving the economic efficiency of the central and western cities and reducing the congestion of eastern cities but also to accommodating the radiation effect of the city on rural areas and achieving the goal of common prosperity.
48
Choi, Yongrok, Fan Yang i Hyoungsuk Lee. "On the Unbalanced Atmospheric Environmental Performance of Major Cities in China". Sustainability 12, nr 13 (3.07.2020): 5391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135391.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
As the largest emitter of CO2, China has also serious air pollution issues. Is it possible to catch these two rabbits under heterogenetic conditions of urbanization? To answer this, this study examines atmospheric environmental performance (SO2, NOx, and PMs) of 30 major cities in China using streaming data from 2011 to 2017. A non-radial SBM-DEA approach is adopted with a meta-frontier model to evaluate regional heterogeneity in atmospheric environmental management. Our results suggest that pollution prevention and regulation policies encouraged synergic development of most cities in the economy and atmospheric environment. On average, atmospheric environmental efficiency of the cities improved from 0.556 to 0.691. However, significantly unbalanced development exists in the regions, requiring customized policies. Eastern cities achieved continuing improvement owing to stringent air pollutant emission policies. Central cities showed a strong improvement but lacked momentum after they achieved certain targets. Western cities lagged behind in the studying period due to both technology gap as well as weak regulation. Furthermore, we identify heterogeneous paths for inefficient cities to enhance their performance using benchmark information. Economically developed eastern cities, such as Beijing, Fuzhou, are facing an over-supply issue. Reshaping their economic structure may be necessary to attain better environmental performance. Central cities face diversified issues. The emphasis of different cities may vary from stringent emission policies to proactive supply-side transition to achieve strong atmospheric management performance. For under-developed cities, preferential policies for investment and tax incentives may be needed to improve their production scale for higher efficiency.
49
Bufetova, Anna N. "HOW DOES CITY SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN RUSSIA CHANGE?" Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, nr 1 (8.07.2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-3-1-35-43.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The abolition of centralized regulation of the economy launched processes changing the settlement system and the structure of the urban system. At the same time, it is the urban settlement system that determines the resource efficiency, and space is one of these resources. In this work, we studied the dynamics of the city-size distribution in Russia in the post-Soviet period and the patterns of cities mobility within the distribution that had induced it. The research method is based on the use of the apparatus of Markov chains, estimation and analysis of transition probability matrices. The results showed a difference, and in some cases the opposite direction, of mobility patterns and dynamics of the city size distribution for the groups of cities located in the western and eastern parts of the country, as well as for groups of cities of different sizes. In general, the identified features of mobility patterns and the dynamics of the city size distribution reflect the trend of population concentration in large cities, the degradation of the urban periphery, the “compression” of the urban system of the eastern part of the country, the decrease in the diversity of the urban system in both western and eastern parts of the country, and the increase in territorial contrasts between their urban systems.
50
Wang, Chengwei, i Qingchun Meng. "Research on the Sustainable Synergetic Development of Chinese Urban Economies in the Context of a Study of Industrial Agglomeration". Sustainability 12, nr 3 (5.02.2020): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031122.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Synergetic development is the basis and means for the sustainable development of regional economies. Research on the synergetic economic relationship between cities and the exposure of the internal structure and evolution mechanisms of the Urban Economic Synergetic Development Network (UESDN) in the context of industrial agglomeration promote the construction and sustainable development of such a system. Industrial agglomeration not only affects the spatial distribution of industrial structures and enterprise activities but also causes differences in city positions. Using input–output theory, this study constructed a UESDN for China in 2005, 2010, and 2015, and employed social-network analysis to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of China’s synergetic development pattern. The degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the UESDN were computed using models in complex-network theory. This study found that the synergetic development pattern of Chinese urban economies has gradually developed from the hub-spoke model focused on Eastern provincial capitals to the network model of eastern and central cities over the period of 2005–2015. A few key cities act as intermediaries that carry economic factors with the shortest path in the UESDN. The Yangtze River economic belt, the axis belt of the Eastern coast and that of the Western economic belt were gradually formed. The number and strength of the correlation between cities within the subgroups have also continually increased. In our conclusion, we offer some suggestions for establishing a system of synergetic development between cities to improve urbanization levels.