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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "E-flow Assessment"
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Suwal, Naresh, Alban Kuriqi, Xianfeng Huang, João Delgado, Dariusz Młyński i Andrzej Walega. "Environmental Flows Assessment in Nepal: The Case of Kaligandaki River". Sustainability 12, nr 21 (22.10.2020): 8766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218766.
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Environmental flow assessments (e-flows) are relatively new practices, especially in developing countries such as Nepal. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the influence of hydrologically based e-flow methods in the natural flow regime. The study used different hydrological-based methods, namely, the Global Environmental Flow Calculator, the Tennant method, the flow duration curve method, the dynamic method, the mean annual flow method, and the annual distribution method to allocate e-flows in the Kaligandaki River. The most common practice for setting e-flows consists of allocating a specific percentage of mean annual flow or portion of flow derived from specific percentiles of the flow duration curve. However, e-flow releases should mimic the river’s intra-annual variability to meet the specific ecological function at different river trophic levels and in different periods over a year covering biotas life stages. The suitability of the methods was analyzed using the Indicators of Hydrological Alterations and e-flows components. The annual distribution method and the 30%Q-D (30% of daily discharge) methods showed a low alteration at the five global indexes for each group of Indicators of Hydrological Alterations and e-flows components, which allowed us to conclude that these methods are superior to the other methods. Hence, the study results concluded that 30%Q-D and annual distribution methods are more suitable for the e-flows implementation to meet the riverine ecosystem’s annual dynamic demand to maintain the river’s health. This case study can be used as a guideline to allocate e-flows in the Kaligandaki River, particularly for small hydropower plants.
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Ćosić-Flajsig, Gorana, Ivan Vučković i Barbara Karleuša. "An Innovative Holistic Approach to an E-flow Assessment Model". Civil Engineering Journal 6, nr 11 (1.11.2020): 2188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091611.
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River water resources provide a wide range of necessary ecosystem services, including regulating, provisioning, supporting and cultural services. Ecosystem services are linked to an appropriate level of functionality of river water resource processes, which can be connected with river basin environmental objectives. Environmental objectives can be achieved only if appropriate flow and sediment regimes and related river morphology quality are guaranteed. The obligation to define environmental flow (E-flow) in the European Union Water Framework Directive European (WFD) is not explicit, and the implementation of the WFD is more focused on water quality. Considering the specific climatic, hydrographic and hydrological conditions and the definition of E-flow, each EU country has developed procedures for their investigation and determination. In the Republic of Croatia, no methodology has been elaborated, nor is there any legal regulation to define E-flow downstream of a dam or water intake site. This paper presents the significant pressures that have affected the transboundary rural Sutla River basin between Croatia and Slovenia. These pressures can cause changes in the hydrological regime and biological elements of water quality. The holistic approach defines the E-flow for a profile on the Sutla River by linking hydrological, morphological, and ecological characteristics based on the exploration of the Sutla River and its biological communities. The full implementation of a holistic approach and the transition to Level III of the E-flow definition requires the enhancement of exploratory hydrological and biological monitoring that enables the use of habitat modelling. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091611 Full Text: PDF
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Wei, June, Binshan Lin i Meiga Loho-Noya. "Development of an E-Healthcare Information Security Risk Assessment Method". Journal of Database Management 24, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2013010103.
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This paper developed a method to assess information security risks in e-healthcare. Specifically, it first developed a static E-Healthcare Information Security Risk (EHISR) model to present thirty-three security risk factors by identifying information security threats and their sources in e-healthcare. Second, a dynamic E-Healthcare Information Flow (EHIF) model was developed to logically link these information risk factors in the EHISR model. Pattern analysis showed that information security risks could be classified into two levels, and versatility analysis showed that the overall security risks for eight information flows were close with a range from 55% to 86%. Third, one quantifiable approach based on a relative-weighted assessment model was developed to demonstrate how to assess the information security risks in e-healthcare. This quantitative security risk measurement establishes a reference point for assessing e-healthcare security risks and assists managers in selecting a reliable information flow infrastructure with a lower security risk level.
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de Jalón, Diego García, Martina Bussettini, Massimo Rinaldi, Gordon Grant, Nikolai Friberg, Ian G. Cowx, Fernando Magdaleno i Tom Buijse. "Linking environmental flows to sediment dynamics". Water Policy 19, nr 2 (5.12.2016): 358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.106.
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This is a policy discussion paper aimed at addressing possible alternative approaches for environmental flows (e-Flows) assessment and identification within the context of best strategies for fluvial restoration. We focus on dammed rivers in Mediterranean regions. Fluvial species and their ecological integrity are the result of their evolutionary adaptation to river habitats. Flowing water is the main driver for development and maintenance of these habitats, which is why e-Flows are needed where societal demands are depleting water resources. Fluvial habitats are also shaped by the combined interaction of water, sediments, woody/organic material, and riparian vegetation. Water abstraction, flow regulation by dams, gravel pits or siltation by fine sediments eroded from hillslopes are pressures that can disturb interactions among water, sediments, and other constituents that create the habitats needed by fluvial communities. Present e-Flow design criteria are based only on water flow requirements. Here we argue that sediment dynamics need to be considered when specifying instream flows, thereby expanding the environmental objectives and definition of e-Flows to include sediments (extended e-Flows). To this aim, a hydromorphological framework for e-Flows assessment and identification of best strategies for fluvial restoration, including the context of rivers regulated by large dams, is presented.
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Sharma, Urvashi. "Effective framework for Environmental-flows estimation for data deficient Indian rivers". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, nr 2 (10.06.2019): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2116.
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Data deficiency is a major problem in recommending appropriate environmental flows (e-flows) requirements for rivers in many parts of the world. Several studies have been done using a variety of e-flows assessment methodologies. Large dams and hydropower projects are major manipulators of the flow regimes resulting in degraded ecosystems ubiquitously. In India attempts have been made to develop e-flows requirements of rivers to maintain a good riverine ecosystem. Most of the studies are based on hydrological methods, which do not take all the variables affecting flow-regimes into consideration. This paper highlights the problems in assessment of e-flows and their on-ground implications in India. In this study, probable solutions to these problems are suggested a conceptual framework for data deficient areas is proposed. This framework is based upon extensive baseline surveys of fluvial morphology, ecology and of indigenous population. Framework has six steps namely: monitoring the baseline conditions, setting up objectives, hydrological analysis, ecological analysis, climatic anomalies incorporation and recommendations. Finally, e-flows recommendations are made based on hydrological studies, habitat suitability curves and area of inland water body which should be maintained in the river basin. All these recommendations are compared and suitable e-flows recommendations are made based on studied variables. The review also suggests for bottom-up approach for e-flows assessment i.e. e-flows assessment and application should be done on small tributaries of rivers in initial phase of projects and those methods which deliver satisfactory results should only be applied to larger rivers.
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Davies, Peter M., Robert J. Naiman, Danielle M. Warfe, Neil E. Pettit, Angela H. Arthington i Stuart E. Bunn. "Flow–ecology relationships: closing the loop on effective environmental flows". Marine and Freshwater Research 65, nr 2 (2014): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13110.
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Providing flows for biota and environmental processes is a challenging water management issue. For society the ability and willingness to allocate water to sustain the environment is increasingly competitive due to escalating demand and as a consequence of climate change. In response, an array of environmental flow (E-flow) methods have developed. Our view is that few E-flows have been implemented and even fewer evaluated in a research and management context. Much of our science effort in E-flows has been directed primarily at method development, with less attention being given to monitoring, evaluation and subsequent revision of E-flow strategies. Our objectives are to highlight the lack of connection between current trends in E-flow literature and theory with assessment of the efficacy and practical application of these methods. Specifically, effective E-flows need to be explicit about flow-ecology relationships to adequately determine the amount and timing of water required. We briefly outline the historical development of E-flows and discuss how serial development of methods and techniques has restricted implementation, evaluation and revision. We highlight areas where methods are lacking, such as incorporation of data on flow-ecology relationships into operational use of E-flow methods. We suggest four initial steps that will improve the applicability, implementation and ultimate success of E-flows.
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O'Brien, Gordon C., Chris Dickens, Eleanor Hines, Victor Wepener, Retha Stassen, Leo Quayle, Kelly Fouchy, James MacKenzie, P. Mark Graham i Wayne G. Landis. "A regional-scale ecological risk framework for environmental flow evaluations". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, nr 2 (2.02.2018): 957–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-957-2018.
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Abstract. Environmental flow (E-flow) frameworks advocate holistic, regional-scale, probabilistic E-flow assessments that consider flow and non-flow drivers of change in a socio-ecological context as best practice. Regional-scale ecological risk assessments of multiple stressors to social and ecological endpoints, which address ecosystem dynamism, have been undertaken internationally at different spatial scales using the relative-risk model since the mid-1990s. With the recent incorporation of Bayesian belief networks into the relative-risk model, a robust regional-scale ecological risk assessment approach is available that can contribute to achieving the best practice recommendations of E-flow frameworks. PROBFLO is a holistic E-flow assessment method that incorporates the relative-risk model and Bayesian belief networks (BN-RRM) into a transparent probabilistic modelling tool that addresses uncertainty explicitly. PROBFLO has been developed to evaluate the socio-ecological consequences of historical, current and future water resource use scenarios and generate E-flow requirements on regional spatial scales. The approach has been implemented in two regional-scale case studies in Africa where its flexibility and functionality has been demonstrated. In both case studies the evidence-based outcomes facilitated informed environmental management decision making, with trade-off considerations in the context of social and ecological aspirations. This paper presents the PROBFLO approach as applied to the Senqu River catchment in Lesotho and further developments and application in the Mara River catchment in Kenya and Tanzania. The 10 BN-RRM procedural steps incorporated in PROBFLO are demonstrated with examples from both case studies. PROBFLO can contribute to the adaptive management of water resources and contribute to the allocation of resources for sustainable use of resources and address protection requirements.
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Lillo, G., R. Mastrullo, A. W. Mauro i L. Viscito. "Flow boiling of R1233zd(E) in a horizontal tube: Experiments, assessment and correlation for asymmetric annular flow". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 129 (luty 2019): 547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.09.117.
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Yadav, Maharshi, Govind Pandey i Pradeep Kumar. "Environmental Flow Assessment (EFA) of Tawi River Discharge at the Jammu Location Using the Global Environmental Flow Calculator (GEFC)". Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, nr 2 (1.06.2023): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i02.054.
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The water, food, and energy demands are the basic requirements of society. These demands are increasing daily due to an increase in population or lifestyle changes. To fulfill these ever-increasing demands, several water resource projects have come up which require the storage or diversion of river water. These interventions have caused widespread degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Due to the degradation of the aquatic ecosystem, several programs all around the globe began. In this series, Brisbane Declaration (2007) provided a more holistic definition of Environmental Flows (EFs) as the quantity, timing, duration, frequency, and quality of flows required to sustain freshwater, estuarine and near-shore ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on them. The present study was envisaged to assess for environmental flows of the Tawi river with a major objective of assessing the environmental flows of the Tawi river using the Global Environmental Flow Calculator developed by IWMI. The method provides E-Flows for different Environmental Management Classes. For the western Himalayan region, the river stretches in Environmental Management Class ‘B’ and ‘C’. The assessment provides E-Flows in two ways: (i) the percentage of Mean Annual Runoff and (ii) average monthly environmental flows. E-Flows were estimated as 42.34% to 56.96% of Mean Annual Runoff and varied from 5.73 cumecs during November to 68.23 during August.
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Zidouni, Kendil, Salah Bousbia i Amina Mataoui. "Assessment of three turbulence model performances in predicting water jet flow plunging into a liquid pool". Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 25, nr 1 (2010): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1001013z.
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The main purpose of the current study is to numerically investigate, through computational fluid dynamics modeling, a water jet injected vertically downward through a straight circular pipe into a water bath. The study also aims to obtain a better understanding of jet behavior, air entrainment and the dispersion of bubbles in the developing flow region. For these purposes, three dimensional air and water flows were modeled using the volume of fluid technique. The equations in question were formulated using the density and viscosity of a 'gas-liquid mixture', described in terms of the phase volume fraction. Three turbulence models with a high Reynolds number have been considered i. e. the standard k-e model, realizable k-e model, and Reynolds stress model. The predicted flow patterns for the realizable k-e model match well with experimental measurements found in available literature. Nevertheless, some discrepancies regarding velocity relaxation and turbulent momentum distribution in the pool are still observed for both the standard k-e and the Reynolds stress model.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "E-flow Assessment"
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Correia, Samantha Amélia de Souza Costa. "Flow, bem-estar subjetivo, estresse e suas relações em adultos brasileiros". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/186093.
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O principal objetivo da presente dissertação foi estudar o flow. Para isso, dois estudos foram realizados. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo adaptar a LONG Dispositional Flow Scale DFS-2 - General para o Português Brasileiro e investigar algumas evidências de validade do instrumento nesta população. Esse primeiro estudo foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira foi o processo de tradução e adaptação da escala. A segunda etapa foi a realização de um estudo empírico. Os participantes foram uma amostra nacional de 310 adultos (77,4% mulheres), com idade entre 18 e 63 anos (M = 31, DP = 9,1). Parâmetros de análise fatorial confirmatória do modelo de Jackson (2010) com nove fatores de primeira ordem e com um fator de segunda ordem (flow) com os mesmos nove fatores de primeira ordem foram apresentados. Também foi apresentado um novo modelo proposto com seis fatores, e também um fator de segunda ordem dos mesmos. A DFS-2 geral apresentou propriedades psicométricas adequadas, sugerindo sua utilidade na avaliação do flow no contexto brasileiro. Os resultados também mostram correlações entre flow e outras variáveis (satisfação com a vida, afetos e estresse). O segundo estudo foi uma revisão sistemática que objetivou apresentar um panorama das publicações científicas sobre instrumentos psicológicos utilizados na Avaliação Psicológica do Estresse entre 2008 e 2015. Os resultados mostram as bases de dados, número de resumos e artigos incluídos e os instrumentos mais utilizados para mensurar o estresse. As conclusões da presente dissertação mostram a importância da freqüência de flow na promoção da satisfação com a vida e afetos positivos e na prevenção ou redução do estresse na vida diária.The main purpose of the present dissertation was studying flow. In order to do so, two studies were conducted. The first study aimed to adapt the LONG Dispositional Flow Scale DFS-2 – General to Brazilian Portuguese and to investigate some validity evidences of the instrument in this population. This study was divided into two steps. The first one was the process of translation and adaptation. The second stage was the conduction of an empirical study. Participants were a nationwide sample of 310 adults (77.4% female), aged 18 to 63 years old (M= 31, SD= 9.1). Confirmatory factor analysis parameters of the Jackson (2010) model with nine first order factor and with a second order Flow factor with the same nine first order factors were presented. Also a new proposed model with six factor, with also a second order Flow factor are reported. General DFS-2 presented adequate psychometric properties, suggesting its usefulness in evaluating flow in the Brazilian context. The results also show correlations between flow and other variables (satisfaction with life, affects and stress. The second study was a sistematic review that aimed to present an overview of the scientific publications about psychological instruments used at Psychological Assessment of Stress between 2008 and 2015. Results show the ued databases, number of abstractas and papers included and the most used instruments to measure stress. The conclusions of this dissertation show the importance of flow frequency on the promotion of satisfaction with life and positive affects and on the prevention or reduction of stress in daily life.
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MASOERO, ALESSANDRO. "Water Resources and Flood Hazard Assessment with Consideration of Anthropic Effects". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2534513.
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Studies on water resources are rarely developed in basins where anthropic impact is negligible; therefore, the flow values are seldom ''natural'' and are often significantly affected by the interference of human works. These alterations of the natural discharges can be due to the presence, along the river network, of interfering hydraulic structures. Interactions between these infrastructures and the natural streamflow are certainly in need of further attention. Two main issues have been studied here in detail: i) the impact on water availability and the variability caused by water abstractions and ii) the flood attenuation effect induced by existing reservoirs, that produces flood hazard mitigation downstream.
When working in a regional analysis framework, input data and results should represent the natural conditions. Hence, the alterations due to hydraulics structures embedded into the river network should be removed or introduced carefully.
For instance, regional estimates of flood peak discharges do not consider the flood attenuation operated by the existing reservoirs. Nevertheless dams have a significant impact, especially in the nearest areas downstream, that should be accounted for. For the Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Regions, this flood peak attenuation effect has been studied in detail to provide a correct starting point for further flood hazard studies.
On the other hand, to assess the impact of water abstractions on daily discharge data, basic indices of alterations have been defined and an innovative correction model to reconstruct the natural streamflow statistics has been proposed. Non-impacted discharge characteristics are needed to provide a correct regional estimate of water resources availability and, consequently, of the gross hydropower potential. For water use planning purposes or to define the residual hydropower potential, the correction model proposed can also be used backward, adding anthropic effects to non-impacted values of discharge.
The relevance of the proposed approach and methods in regional analysis of extreme and average flows is something that can be better recognized only with the effort of systematically characterizing the infrastructures that interfere with the natural hydrology along the river network. The applications made in this work were made possible by a cooperative effort addressed to the realization of a comprehensive Hydrological and Infrastructures Information System for the Regione Piemonte, that constitutes an important laboratory for hydrological simulations in a real world of heavily altered natural processes.
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Piroddi, Lorenza. "A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of methanol production via gasification of mixed plastic waste". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24738/.
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One of the most promising technologies for plastic waste valorization in the frame of a circular economy is gasification. Gasification of plastic waste allows to produce a syngas which can be further processed to produce chemicals. In this thesis, a plastic waste-to-methanol route is investigated.
After evaluating the plastic waste mass potential available in the Netherlands for gasification through Material Flow Analysis, a waste-to-methanol process is modeled based on literature review and Aspen Plus simulations. Finally, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is performed with the aid of the software SimaPro and specifically focusing on global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative fossil energy demand (CFED). The obtained results are compared with the environmental performance of a traditional natural gas-to-methanol route.
This case study shows that 270 kt of plastic waste would be available for gasification in the Netherlands in an optimistic scenario. The modeling of the plastic waste-to-methanol process proves the feasibility of synthesizing pure methanol from a waste-sourced syngas. The results from the LCA indicate that the plastic waste-to-methanol process is associated to a global warming potential equal to almost 3.75 tonnes of CO2 equivalent and responsible for the consumption of about 37.41 GJ of primary energy derived from fossil resources. The waste-to-methanol process is responsible for six times greater GHG emissions than methanol produced from steam reforming of natural gas, and it consumes an additional 11.0% of primary fossil energy. Different sensitivity analyses were carried out to test the robustness of the results. All scenarios confirmed a higher GWP associated to the waste-to-methanol process, which therefore has, for the foreseeable future, rather limited practical relevance since there is no environmental convenience relative to a standard fossil-based methanol production.
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FILIPPIS, G. DE. "CALIBRATION OF THE GROUNDWATER FLOW MODEL AND ASSESSMENT OF THE SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A MULTI-LAYERED AQUIFER SYSTEM OF THE IONIAN COASTAL AREA (TARANTO GULF, SOUTHERN ITALY)". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/362522.
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In some Mediterranean karst areas, groundwater is often the only available supply for freshwater. Besides the contamination induced by human activities, coastal aquifers often suffer from the saltwater intrusion phenomenon, which can be enhanced by both extensive withdrawals and climatic changes. Establishing an effective set of regulatory and management measures to ensure the sustainability of coastal aquifers requires a deep knowledge about natural and anthropic stresses involved in groundwater dynamics. In this regard, a prior conceptualization of aquifer systems and a deeper characterization of balance terms through mathematical modelling are of paramount importance.
In the gulf of Taranto (southern Italy), these issues are particularly pressing, as the multi-layered, carbonatic aquifer is the only available resource of freshwater and satisfies most of the human water-related activities. Especially during the last decades, proper management plans and decisions seem to be compelling, as the national government included Taranto in the list of the contaminated sites of national importance, due to the presence of highly-polluting activities nearby the Mar Grande and Mar Piccolo seawater bodies, whose relationship with the underground resources is matter of concern, as they host important freshwater springs. Furthermore, the Taranto area is particularly sensitive to the phenomenon of seawater intrusion, both for the specific hydrostratigraphic configuration and for the presence of highly water-demanding industrial activities. These problems, strictly related to the protection and preservation of groundwater quality and quantity, have triggered several actions. Among them, the Flagship Project RITMARE (la Ricerca Italiana per il Mare - the Italian Research for the Sea) took into account criticalities involving several environmental components within the Mar Piccolo ecosystem, including groundwater.
In this thesis, a full charactrization of the multi-layered aquifer system of the whole Province of Taranto is presented, with the purpose of supporting monitoring activities, land-use plans and management decisions. The preliminary outcomes refer to the identification of the conceptual model, namely the reconstruction of the hydrostratigraphic structure of the underground and the qualitative assessment of the groundwater dynamics. The successive development of a numerical model permits to produce a tool for quantifying the hydrogeological balance and simulating the system response to climate or man-induced changes.
Generally speaking, thorough evaluation of model adequacy and/or accuracy is an important step in the study of environmental systems, due to the uncertainties on hydrodynamic properties and boundary conditions and to the scarcity of good-quality field data. This commonly results in groundwater models being calibrated and often leads to the development of many candidate models that can differ in the analysed processes, representation of boundary conditions, distribution of system characteristics, and parameter values. In this framework, calibration of alternative models allowed to identify the main challenges which limit the reliability of model outcomes and test model adequacy while proposing a new calibration methodology, which represents tha major scientific contribution of this thesis.
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Nicosia, Fabio Giovanni. "Infomobilità applicata ai sistemi di trasporto a domanda flessibile". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1497.
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Il settore di produzione di beni e servizi è sempre alla continua ricerca di sistemi che possano ottimizzare i loro processi di produzione, con l obiettivo primario di ridurre i costi sostenuti. La crisi economica, che negli ultimi anni ha colpito l Europa in molti settori economico-produttivi, ha accentuato ulteriormente l esigenza di ricercare tutte quelle procedure e/o metodologie che possano permettere un abbattimento delle spese, mantenendo gli stessi standard qualitativi e quantitativi.
Tra i settori maggiormente in crisi, soprattutto nelle regioni meridionali d Italia, c è quello della gestione integrata dei rifiuti solidi urbani.
I problemi tipici che si riscontrano in questo campo possono essere inglobati in due macro-categorie:
-la raccolta dei rifiuti su scala territoriale locale, che ha come obiettivo principale quello di ottimizzare il servizio al fine di minimizzare i costi di trasporto all interno dei centri urbani;
- il trasporto dei rifiuti su scala territoriale regionale, dai centri di produzione locali agli impianti di trattamento/recupero/smaltimento quello su scala regionale, che, oltre ad avere come obiettivo quello di minimizzare i costi di trasporto, ha lo scopo di localizzare ed individuare i siti ottimali per la realizzazione di nuovi impianti di trattamento e smaltimento dei rifiuti.
Il problema del trasporto dei rifiuti solidi urbani dai luoghi di produzione (città) ai luoghi di smaltimento (impianti di trattamento) è una fase del sistema di gestione solitamente trascurata. Questo perché, a torto, considerata poco impattante rispetto alle altre fasi di trattamento. Il presente lavoro, invece, ritenuta l importanza del problema, si propone di determinare i flussi e i costi del trasporto di rifiuti all interno di un territorio ed in più di dimostrare come una corretta gestione del conferimento del rifiuto nei vari impianti di trattamento/recupero/smaltimento, possa contribuire in modo significativo al miglioramento del processo di gestione dei rifiuti e ad un concreto risparmio di risorse economiche ed ambientali.
Un notevole contributo in tal senso è dato dai cosiddetti Sistemi di Trasporto Intelligenti (Intelligent Transportation System, ITS), che grazie a tecnologie telematiche innovative (Information and Communication Technologies, ICT) permette di offrire un servizio flessibile ad una domanda anch essa flessibile a causa della variabilità giornaliera della produzione di rifiuti solidi urbani, nonché a tutta una serie di problematiche e criticità dovute a fattori non prevedibili.
Alla luce dei risultati emersi dallo studio, sia su scala territoriale urbana che su scala territoriale regionale, si può concludere che una corretta pianificazione dei sistemi di gestione dei rifiuti dovrebbe prevedere un analisi dettagliata della fase di raccolta e trasporto dei rifiuti e prevedere la valutazione di possibili alternative per la diminuzione delle emissioni totali attraverso l ottimizzazione dei trasporti.
A tale scopo l integrazione di tecnologie telematiche innovative e l utilizzo di modelli di ottimizzazione dei percorsi di raccolta nonché dei flussi dei rifiuti dai centri di produzione agli impianti di smaltimento, può essere determinante per il raggiungimento di un efficiente gestione integrata dei rifiuti solidi urbani.
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Seyed, Jabbari Seyed Shervin. "Phytoremediation efficiency: assessment of flow system and plant performance in constructed wetland". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Water is one of the most basic human needs for survival, though, there is a shortage in the amount of drinking water around the globe. Thus, preserving the quality of available water should be of high importance for us. For this purpose, we must treat water, used in every aspect of human activity, before releasing it back to the water bodies. With an increased inclination towards sustainability and green technologies, Constructed Wetlands (CW) are getting more attention as a more eco-friendly treatment for wastewater rather than conventional treatment plants.
There are different types of CW operating around the world with a different typology of plants vegetated in them. The aim of this Thesis is to compare these differences to find the best combination for improving CW performance for wastewater treatment. Different case studies throughout Italy have been examined for this matter. Many of these cases, used Hybrid CW rather than a single stage of either Vertical Subsurface Flow CW (VSSF) or Horizontal Subsurface Flow CW (HSSF), and usually, there is a Floating Treatment Wetland (FTW) as a tertiary step for further refining water quality before releasing it. This kind of Treatment setup for CWs shows an increased abatement efficiency for wastewater.
Lastly, vegetations in CW usually improve the efficiency of wetland performance. The important parameters in selecting macrophytes are their survivability and adaptability in wetland conditions. Among the macrophytes encountered Phragmites Australis and Iris Pseudacorus generally showed a higher growth performance and more adaptability in CW conditions.
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Lau, Ka Yan Winifred. "E-waste : the material flow and occupational safety and health risk assessments in Hong Kong". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1457.
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Trinci, Giuditta. "Spatial organization of ecologically-relevant high order flow properties and implications for river habitat assessment". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368525.
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The turbulent properties of flow in rivers are of fundamental importance to aquatic organisms yet are rarely quantified during routine river habitat assessment surveys or the design of restoration schemes due to their complex nature. This thesis uses a detailed review of the literature to highlight the various ways in which plants and animals modify the flow field, how this can deliver beneficial effects; and how turbulence can also generate threats to growth and survival. The thesis then presents the results from detailed field assessments of turbulence properties undertaken on low, intermediate and high gradient rivers to advance scientific understanding of the hydrodynamics of rivers and inform effective habitat assessment and restoration. A reach-scale comparison across sites reveals spatial variations in the relationships between turbulent parameters, emphasising the need for direct measurement of turbulence properties, while a geomorphic unit scale assessment suggests that variations in turbulence at the scale of individual roughness elements, and/or within the same broad groupings of geomorphic units (e.g. different types of pools) can have an important influence on hydraulic habitat. The importance of small-scale flow obstructions is further emphasised through analysis of the temporal dynamics of turbulence properties with changes in flow stage and vegetation growth. The highest magnitude temporal changes in turbulence properties were associated with individual boulders and vegetation patches respectively, indicating flow intensification around these sub-geomorphic unit scale features. Experimental research combining flow measurement with underwater videography reveals that more sophisticated turbulence parameters provide a better explanation of fish behaviour and habitat use under field conditions, further supporting direct measurement of turbulent properties where possible. The new insights into interactions between geomorphology, hydraulics and aquatic organisms generated by this work offer opportunities for refining habitat assessment and restoration design protocols to better integrate the important role of turbulence in generating suitable physical habitat for aquatic organisms.
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Trinci, Giuditta. "Spatial organization of ecologically-relevant high order flow properties and implications for river habitat assessment". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2762/1/TRINCI_Thesis_finalGTcorretta.pdf.
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The turbulent properties of flow in rivers are of fundamental importance to aquatic organisms yet are rarely quantified during routine river habitat assessment surveys or the design of restoration schemes due to their complex nature. This thesis uses a detailed review of the literature to highlight the various ways in which plants and animals modify the flow field, how this can deliver beneficial effects; and how turbulence can also generate threats to growth and survival. The thesis then presents the results from detailed field assessments of turbulence properties undertaken on low, intermediate and high gradient rivers to advance scientific understanding of the hydrodynamics of rivers and inform effective habitat assessment and restoration. A reach-scale comparison across sites reveals spatial variations in the relationships between turbulent parameters, emphasising the need for direct measurement of turbulence properties, while a geomorphic unit scale assessment suggests that variations in turbulence at the scale of individual roughness elements, and/or within the same broad groupings of geomorphic units (e.g. different types of pools) can have an important influence on hydraulic habitat. The importance of small-scale flow obstructions is further emphasised through analysis of the temporal dynamics of turbulence properties with changes in flow stage and vegetation growth. The highest magnitude temporal changes in turbulence properties were associated with individual boulders and vegetation patches respectively, indicating flow intensification around these sub-geomorphic unit scale features. Experimental research combining flow measurement with underwater videography reveals that more sophisticated turbulence parameters provide a better explanation of fish behaviour and habitat use under field conditions, further supporting direct measurement of turbulent properties where possible. The new insights into interactions between geomorphology, hydraulics and aquatic organisms generated by this work offer opportunities for refining habitat assessment and restoration design protocols to better integrate the important role of turbulence in generating suitable physical habitat for aquatic organisms.
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Zhao, Yiqi. "VALIDATION AND CONFORMITYTEST OF CGMES MODELS OFENTSO-E TEST NETWORKS". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-196223.
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För att uppnå optimal resursdelning och öka hållbar energiförsörjning, stiger behovet av gränsöverskridande kraftöverföring ständigt. Därför frekventa utbyta information med detaljerade galler uppgifter krävs. För att standardisera sådant utbyte och därigenom främja gemensam kraftsystemstudier i Europa, Common Grid Model Exchange Standard (CGMES) grundar sig på IEC CIM (Common Information Models) utfärdats av ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission Operators for Electricity) i 2013. En CGMES bedömning av överensstämmelse processen också inrättats att uppmuntra och undersöka antagandet av CGMES med relevanta kraftsystemtillämpningar. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att validera att Network Manager produkten av ABB har genomfört CGMES ordentligt. Effektflödesberäkningar utförs baserat på ENTSO-Es provnäten och erhållna lösningarna jämförs med standard resultat samt resultaten från Power Factory (ett kraftsystem analysverktyg från DIgSILENT som redan har passerat bedömningen av överensstämmelse med framgång). Jämförelse resultaten analyseras alltså för att identifiera orsakerna till eventuella avvikelser från standardeffektflödeslösningar och ge förslag på framtida utveckling av Network Manager.To achieve optimal resource sharing and enhance the sustainability of energy supply, the need for cross-border power transmission is continuously growing. Therefore, frequent information exchange with detailed grid data is required. To standardize such exchange and thus to facilitate common power system studies in Europe, the Common Grid Model Exchange Standard (CGMES) based on IEC CIM (Common Information Models) was issued by ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission Operators for Electricity) in 2013. A CGMES conformity assessment process was also set up to encourage and examine the adoption of CGMES with relevant power system applications. The main purpose of this thesis is to validate that the Network Manager product of ABB has implemented CGMES properly. Power flow calculations are performed based on ENTSO-E’s test networks and the solutions obtained are compared with the standard results as well as the results from Power Factory (a power system analysis tool from DIgSILENT that has already passed the conformity assessment successfully). The comparison results are analyzed thus to identify causes of any variation from the standard power flow solutions and to give suggestions for future development of Network Manager.
Książki na temat "E-flow Assessment"
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Galderisi, Maurizio, i Sergio Mondillo. Assessment of diastolic function. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0009.
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Modern assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function should be based on the estimation of degree of LV filling pressure (LVFP), which is the true determinant of symptoms/signs and prognosis in heart failure.In order to achieve this goal, standard Doppler assessment of mitral inflow pattern (E/A ratio, deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time) should be combined with additional manoeuvres and/or ultrasound tools such as: ◆ Valsalva manoeuvre applied to mitral inflow pattern. ◆ Pulmonary venous flow pattern. ◆ Velocity flow propagation by colour M-mode. ◆ Pulsed wave tissue Doppler of mitral annuls (average of septal and lateral E′ velocity).In intermediate doubtful situations, the two-dimensional determination of left atrial (LA) volume can be diagnostic, since LA enlargement is associated with a chronic increase of LVFP in the absence of mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation.Some new echocardiographic technologies, such as the speckle tracking-derived LV longitudinal strain and LV torsion, LA strain, and even the three-dimensional determination of LA volumes can be potentially useful to add further information. In particular, the reduction of LV longitudinal strain in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction and normal ejection fraction demonstrates that a subclinical impairment of LV systolic function already exists under these circumstances.
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Moti, Praneeta. An assessment of the validity of the standard K-E model used by CFD modelling software, fluent, with the use of experimental data of flow past a cube. 2002, 2002.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "E-flow Assessment"
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Yaazhmozhi, K., J. Senophiyah-Mary, Radhakrishnan Loganath, R. Balaji, N. Dhivya Priya, K. Nalini i Sadhan K. Ghosh. "A Detailed Assessment on the Flow of Mobile Phones as E-Waste in Coimbatore District". W Sustainable Waste Management: Policies and Case Studies, 441–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7071-7_39.
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Culotta, Fabrizio. "A Prospective Sustainability Indicator for Pension Systems". W Proceedings e report, 209–14. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.39.
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This work proposes an informative system to monitor pension systems by integrating pension and labor market statistics. This more comprehensive system is used to build an indicator to measure prospectively the sustainability of pension systems. The set of indicators is divided into two groups, each tracking pension contributions and payments flows. Each flow is composed by the product of three statistics: a statistics for the extensive margin, i.e. how many contributors and retirees, one for the intensive margin, i.e. how much workers contribute and pensioners receive pensions, and one for the durational margin, i.e. for how long workers contribute and retirees receive pensions. As such, the statistical content is coherent with the set of pension indicators considered by Eurostat and OECD. Statistics are extracted from Eurostat database and ensure cross-country comparability. The advantage of this approach is twofold. Firstly, it allows reflecting specificities of each pension regimes, characterized by own specific contribution rules and pension formulas, without explicitly account for them. Secondly, it allows to relate the assessment of sustainability of pension systems to the dynamics of labor markets since it explicitly takes into account the distribution of wages, the duration of working life, the distribution of old-age pensions and the life expectancy at retirement. An application on a pool of seven European countries (Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands) is provided for the period 2015 - 2019. The indicator for the prospective sustainability of pension systems is compared across two other alternatives to stress the contribution of each margin. These alternatives are then compared with a benchmark indicator and their correlations are measured.
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Mikoš, Matjaž. "Landslide Research and Technology in Patent Documents". W Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 29–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_3.
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AbstractScience, Technology, and Innovation play a crucial role in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SF DRR). The International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) initiated the Sendai Landslide Partnerships 2015–2025 as a voluntary commitment to SF DRR. In 2020, the ICL launched the Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk (KLC 2020) as a follow-up of the Sendai Landslide Partnerships 2015–2025. Closely related to the above-mentioned Innovation are patents as a form of intellectual property rights and are often used as an innovation assessment parameter. This article reports on a study conducted to look at the patent documents that are available in open-access databases in order to evaluate how well they relate to the field of landslide research and technology. Landslide-related patent documents were extracted using different search terms in the patent document titles, abstracts, claims and/or their general text from the Google Patents, using the Espacenet tools from the European Patent Office, and the Derwent Patent Index inside the Web of Science offered by Clarivate Analytics, respectively. The extracted patent documents were analyzed with regard to the applicant respectively inventor affiliation (academic, non-academic, country of affiliation) and to the technical field of a patent using well-known patent classifications. The most active countries claiming landslide-related patents were recognized. Furthermore, review and research articles in SpringerLink and SCOPUS databases were searched to study how often scientific articles are citing landslide-related patents. The results of the study can be summarized as follow: (i) in the Google Patents database there are 15,000 + landslide-related patent documents, and in the Espacenet and the Derwent Innovation index database 5000+, respectively. In the patents titles, abstracts, and claims, processes are more often used to describe the patent than the technology; (ii) the number of technological (non-science) based patents is higher than that of academic (science-based) patents, with some specific field of applications, where the situation is the opposite; (iii) with regard to the different areas of technology to which landslide-related patent documents pertain, the categories “G-Physics” and “E-Fixed constructions” are clearly prevailing: “G” for debris flows and landslides, and “E” for fallings rocks and mudflows; (iv) the majority of landslide-related patents are filled and/or granted in China, followed by Japan and South Korea, USA and EU member countries—five major emerging economies (called BRICS) are outperforming developed countries, with a very prevailing Chinese contribution; (v) only a fraction of the order of a few one-in-thousands of landslide-related patents documents are cited in journal review and research articles.
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Wei, June, Binshan Lin i Meiga Loho-Noya. "Development of an E-Healthcare Information Security Risk Assessment Method". W Healthcare Administration, 248–69. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6339-8.ch014.
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This paper developed a method to assess information security risks in e-healthcare. Specifically, it first developed a static E-Healthcare Information Security Risk (EHISR) model to present thirty-three security risk factors by identifying information security threats and their sources in e-healthcare. Second, a dynamic E-Healthcare Information Flow (EHIF) model was developed to logically link these information risk factors in the EHISR model. Pattern analysis showed that information security risks could be classified into two levels, and versatility analysis showed that the overall security risks for eight information flows were close with a range from 55% to 86%. Third, one quantifiable approach based on a relative-weighted assessment model was developed to demonstrate how to assess the information security risks in e-healthcare. This quantitative security risk measurement establishes a reference point for assessing e-healthcare security risks and assists managers in selecting a reliable information flow infrastructure with a lower security risk level.
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Maimun, Adi, Istaz F. Nursyirman, Ang Yit Sian, Rahimuddin Samad i Sulaiman Oladokun. "Using AIS Data for Navigational Risk Assessment in Restricted Waters". W Transportation Systems and Engineering, 1154–63. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8473-7.ch059.
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The Strait of Malacca is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. It averages 150 ship passes a day and more than 50,000 ships annually. With a high concentration of vessels in a narrow path, multiple risk situations arise. Analyzing traffic density is made harder by cross traffic and an unknown traffic density at the Strait. In 2009, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), through a collaboration with Kobe University, successfully installed an Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver. Through the AIS receiver, data of ship movements in the Strait of Malacca and Singapore could be recorded. A program was established by UTM to retrieve the data for the purpose of marine traffic collision risk analysis. In this research, a risk assessment method using AIS data is proposed for restricted waters such as for the Strait of Malacca and Singapore. The Risk Assessment Methodology requires the estimation of collision probabilities. The collision probability of the proposed method considers the Traffic Density, directions of traffic flow (with respect to a subject vessel), and probability of navigational failure. An area in the Strait of Singapore between the latitudes of 1°13'N and 1°07'N and Longitudes of 103°4'E and 103°56'E was selected to illustrate the method. By analysing the AIS data of traffic flow, the probabilities of collision for the area were determined. The effect of vessel parameters of length and speed on the risks of collision are also shown.
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Ravarini, Aurelio, Marco Tagliavini, Carlo Zanaboni, Paolo Faverio, Jennifer Moro i Donatella Sciuto. "Solutions to Support Procurement Activities within Industrial Districts". W Electronic Commerce in Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises, 231–47. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-146-9.ch014.
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The evolution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is thought to bring new development opportunities for enterprises by enabling the development of new industrial districts and consolidating existing ones. In fact, small to medium-sized enterprises could largely benefit from this potential innovation, and, specifically, from the improvement of the management of supply chain activities. ICTs, and especially Internet-based technologies, can support the flow of materials with a more efficient way of communicating and sharing information.In spite of these premises, pioneering organizations providing e-commerce solutions for procurement have experienced many difficulties in sustaining their business. One relevant reason can be identified in the existing misalignment between the characteristics of the available technological solutions and the actual requirements characterizing the industrial district as a whole. The development of these solutions has been mainly based on the specifications of larger companies, which often turn out to be very different from the needs and requirements of SMEs. This chapter analyzes the characteristics of industrial districts and the features of existing e-procurement solutions, and cross-matches the two dimension in order to verify the adequacy of vendors’ offer to demand’s needs. The deriving assessment represents the basis to propose a set of prescriptive models of e-procurement solutions that should properly cover industrial districts requirements.
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Chochliouros, Ioannis P., Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, Tilemachos D. Doukoglou i Elpida Chochliourou. "Developing Measures and Standards for the European Electronic Signatures Market". W Information Communication Technology Standardization for E-Business Sectors, 201–18. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-320-3.ch014.
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The European Authorities have promoted a specific and innovative framework for the use of electronic signatures, allowing the free flow of electronic signature-related products and services cross borders, and ensuring a basic legal recognition of such facilities. The core aim was to promote the emergence of the internal market for certification products, mainly intending to satisfy various requirements for the proper use and immediate “adoption” of electronic signature applications related to e-government and personal e-banking services. Thus, a number of technical, procedural, and quality standards for electronic signature products and solutions have been developed, all conforming to the requirements imposed by the EU regulation and the relevant market needs. In the present work, we examine the role of standardization activities for the promotion of several needs of an “open” European market based on the effective usage of e-signatures, and being able to affect a great variety of technological, business- commercial, regulatory, and other issues. In any case, the transposition of legal requirements into technical specifications (or business practices) needs to be harmonized at a European member-states’ level in order to enable adequate interoperability of the final solutions proposed. Appropriate technical standards for the sector can help to establish a presumption of conformity that the electronic signature products following or implementing them comply with all the legal requirements imposed, in the background of the actual European policies. Thus we discuss recent European and/or national initiatives to fulfil such a fundamental option. The European Electronic Signature Standardization Initiative (EESSI) has been set up under the auspices of the European Commission for the carrying out of a work program aiming at the development of standards (be it technical specifications or policy practices) that would facilitate the implementation of the basic legal instrument (the “Electronic Signatures Directive”). Two major streams of possible standards-setting work have been determined, covering: (i) Qualitative and procedural standards for the provision of certification services and (ii) technical standards for product interoperability. We identify (and evaluate at a primary level) the basic components/modules of EESSI’s specific results, already developed and offered in the market either as technical regulations and/or as recognized standards, with respect to essential requirements imposed by the European regulation. We also discuss relevant “feedback” already gained from various market areas and we focus on challenges for further implementation, progress, adoption, and development, especially in the framework for the promotion of converged broadband (Internet-based) communications facilities. It is important for the market that expected standardization work takes into account new technological developments as, in the future, users will move their e-signature key from device-to-device in a connected world. The added value of standards in the e-signatures sector, for both end users and assessing parties (judge, arbitrator, conformity assessment body, etc.) is of extreme importance for the future of the European electronic communications market.
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Kacperczyk-Bartnik, Joanna, i Tomasz Ochinowski. "Przyczynek do wykorzystania perspektywy narracyjnej w zarządzaniu ochroną zdrowia. Analiza opieki nad pacjentką podczas cięcia cesarskiego". W Ochrona zdrowia i gospodarka. Przegląd współczesnych problemów systemu opieki zdrowotnej, 167–94. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Sekcja Wydawnicza Wydziału Zarządzania UW, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/978-83-235-5874-3.swwz.11.7.
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This chapter proposes the use of narrative medicine for the purposes of health care management. Narrative medicine enables the supplementation of clinical evidence based medicine with additional reflection and empathy, which contributes to achieving higher levels of professionalism. This part of the book presents the narrative perspective, established in four specific examples of stories on the Caesarean section. It addresses issues of teamwork, the role of information flow between team members, the hierarchy of positions, the assignment of tasks based on knowledge and skills, mutual control and an in-depth assessment of the current obstetric situation, as well as the affirmation of the continuity of care. The analysis based on examples allows us to accurately trace the events from the perspective of individual characters, along with the genesis of possible shortcomings and the formulation of universal conclusions. As a result, efforts can be made to achiev e the best use of the potential of the whole medical team, the optimal division of tasks according to competencies and the increase of the quality and efficiency of the provided work. High interpersonal skills assist in appropriate co-operation between team members representing various medical professions.
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Markam, Hosizah, Fachmi Tamzil i Mulyo Wiharto. "End-User Need Assessment for Developing Electronic Integrated Antenatal Care (e-iANC)". W MEDINFO 2021: One World, One Health – Global Partnership for Digital Innovation. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220056.
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Electronic Integrated Antenatal Care is a web-based application for antenatal care (ANC) data and information management for independent practice midwives. This study aimed to assess the end-user needs for e-iANC development. Their needs for data and information were represented by a use case diagram. Five key stakeholders were identified related to the development of an e-iANC. Interviewing representatives of each informant provided the functions, and information content and flows for each function. The Extended e-iANC needs and promoted insight among all of the actors’ perspectives. The use-case scenario for extended e-iANC includes all of the elements of midwifery care include antenatal care, childbirth, puerperium, immunization, and family planning. The deployment of integrated information of extended e-iANC with the primary healthcare applications and the district health department is necessary for comprehensive information on maternal and child care innovation.
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Lu, Zi, Jing Zhang, Bing Han, Zhuopeng Deng i Ji Lu. "The Development of Urban E-Governement in China". W Global E-Government, 214–37. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-027-1.ch013.
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The chapter assesses and cognizes the development of urban e-government in China from two main aspects: functionality and complexity. To functionality, nine websites of urban governments in China at three levels were selected for this assessment. Data needed for the study was tracked and recorded continuously for six weeks from these websites. To complexity, the influence of e-government to urban modality and evolution are explored, which shows that e-government has a leading role to the gathering and decentralization of urban space, the organization of material (people) flows and the informal exchange in internal cities.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "E-flow Assessment"
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Harezlak, Valesca, i Mijke Van Oorschot. "A GLOBAL E-FLOW ASSESSMENT TOOL". W Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022859.
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Yuki, T. Ishibashi, C. Dahmani, Y. Abe, S. Hataoka, A. Ikemura, I. Kan i Y. Murayama. "E-032 High resolution cone beam ct for the assessment of stent apposition after flow diverterstent treatment". W SNIS 14TH, Annual Meeting, July 24–27, 2017, The Broadmoor, Colorado Springs, CO. BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-snis.104.
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Charmiyan, Mahmoud, Ahmed-Reza Azimian, Ebrahim Shirani i Fethi Aloui. "Capability Assessment of Five Different RANS-Based Turbulence Models to Simulate the Various Regions of Slot Turbulent Impingement Jet Flow". W ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69203.
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In this paper, impingement of a turbulent rectangular flow to a fixed wall is investigated. The jet flows from bottom-to-top and the output jet Reynolds is 16000. The nozzle-to-plate distance is equal to 10 (H/e = 10). Five turbulence models, including k-ε, RNG k-ε, k-ω SST, RSM and v2f model have been used for two-dimensional numerical simulation of the turbulent flow. Because of the complexities of the impingement flow, such as curved streamlines, flow separation, normal strains and sudden deceleration in different areas, different turbulence models are proposed to simulate different regions of the flow. To investigate the capability of these turbulence models in simulating different regions of the impinging jet, the mean flow velocity field and turbulent kinetic energy are extracted and compared with the experimental data of a two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV). The calculated error of these five turbulence models was presented for the various flow regions, while it have not been clearly investigated earlier. Results indicate the highest conformity of the v2f model with the experimental data at the jet centerline. However, this model does not predict well the flow at the shear layer and wall-jet areas. RSM Gibson and Lander model has the highest conformity with the experimental data in these regions.
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Takenaka, S., K. Suga, T. Kinjo i S. Hyodo. "Flow Simulations in a Sub-Micro Porous Medium by the Lattice Boltzmann and the Molecular Dynamics Methods". W ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82062.
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In order to devise and establish a cost-effective strategy to simulate flows in continuum to slip and transitional regimes, present study focuses on evaluating a lattice Boltzmann equation [Niu et al., Phys. Rev. E 76, 036711, 2007] formerly proposed by the present authors’ group. The main test flow case is a flow around a square cylinder situated in a sub-micro channel. Since a rather shorter streamwise domain size and a periodic streamwise boundary condition are imposed, the flow regime is regarded as a part of an infinite cylinder array set in a narrow channel which can be considered as a kind of micro-porous media. For the assessment of the lattice Boltzmann simulations, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using Leonard-Jones potential are also performed. In the MD simulations, novel boundary treatments are applied. The results of the square cylinder flow by both the simulations at Knudsen number Kn=0.08 show reasonable agreement and confirm the reliability of the present lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The fact that the computational time of the present MD simulation to obtain the reliable statistics is 1800 times as much as that of the LBM clearly indicates the usability of the LBM for engineering applications even in the slip and transitional flow regimes.
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Milanovic, Ivana, Tom A. Eppes i Kalyan Goparaju. "E-Designation for Compressible Aerodynamics Course". W ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-86317.
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Abstract The US Air Force has added the ‘e’ designation to denote an aircraft or satellite having been designed using computer modeling and simulation, as well as interface technologies like virtual and augmented reality. This new digital aerospace engineering process, i.e. using computers to design, model, and test aircraft before an actual prototype is built, is so important that it drives the need for a different approach to the engineering curriculum. In response, our students are provided an opportunity to create and analyze throughout a lecture-based course. The availability of sophisticated software and its use outside of the classroom without prior training facilitates nonlinear learning, promotes exploration of alternative resources, from written material to the human network, and ultimately brings it all back to the theoretical underpinnings. The Compressible Aerodynamics course in its first iteration featured the following simulation projects: (1) Incompressible flow through the converging nozzle, (2) Flying on earth, (3) Pitot tube, (4) Compressible flow over an airfoil, (5) Airfoil in different flow regimes, and (6) Rayleigh flows. They were chosen from six ANSYS Fluids Engineering Innovation Courses that are available free online. Each project originally included a video, handout, and pre-generated mesh, and was further customized with specifically focused grading criteria. This study built on the authors’ previous work on the use of simulations in the individual courses and course sequences in the mechanical engineering program. The goals were to bring the elements of the new digital aerospace engineering process to standard lecture-based courses, ensure students’ engagement from the beginning, and increase the time students invest in studying. The anticipated challenges (from the perspective of Bloom’s Taxonomy) were (1) non-hierarchal structure of learning where students create and analyze while mastering the use of the tool, (2) integrated and balanced process of learning where every element of the framework is equally important, and (3) the differences that each learner brings, from motivation to the cognitive processing. The significance of our approach and its success are illustrated with qualitative and quantitative evidence. Qualitative data provide examples of student work, while quantitative assessment of students’ understanding and confidence in comprehension of select concepts includes grades, student surveys, and course evaluations.
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Eveloy, Vale´rie, Peter Rodgers i M. S. J. Hashmi. "An Experimental Assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics Predictive Accuracy for Electronic Component Operational Temperature". W ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47282.
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The flow modeling approaches employed in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes dedicated to the thermal analysis of electronic equipment are generally not specific for the analysis of forced airflows over populated Printed Circuit Boards. This limitation has been previously highlighted [1], with component junction temperature prediction errors of up to 35% reported. This study evaluates the predictive capability of candidate turbulence models more suited to the analysis of electronic component heat transfer. Significant improvements in component junction temperature prediction accuracy are obtained, relative to a standard high-Reynolds number k-e model, which are attributed to better prediction of both board leading edge heat transfer and component thermal interaction. Such improvements would enable parametric analysis of product thermal performance to be undertaken with greater confidence in the thermal design process, and the generation of more accurate temperature boundary conditions for use in Physics-of-Failure based reliability prediction methods. The case is made for vendors of CFD codes dedicated to the thermal analysis of electronics to consider the adoption of eddy viscosity turbulence models more suited to board-level analysis.
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Kremer, Gregory G., Timothy J. Ryan i Shyler Switzer. "A Risk Assessment Method and Safety Plan for a University Research Lab". W ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67286.
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Risk management processes follow relatively well established steps, but the hazard identification and risk assessment steps often depend heavily on “experts” with relevant expertise and operating experience. This paper presents a tool developed to help novice researchers identify and assess hazards more efficiently. The hazard identification tool was developed in the form of an updatable algorithm, based initially on previous risk assessments for similar situations as well as checklists and guidelines available from academic texts, Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), and industry. Major risk categories included in the algorithm include: a) Ergonomics and Mechanical, b) Chemical, c) Physical (including Electrical Hazards, Fire Safety, Noise Hazards, and Radiation Hazards), d) Psychological and Organizational, and e) Biological. In the initial test of the algorithm, a team of non-experts used the algorithm to identify risks for two Ohio Coal Research Center (OCRC) projects dealing with solid oxide fuel cell and electrostatic precipitator testing. Their results were comparable to the list of risks generated by a group of “research experts” without the algorithm. Future plans include making the algorithm available on a wiki platform to collaboratively develop it with the combined knowledge, experience and perspectives of all participating researchers. This paper also describes the overall safety plan for the Ohio Coal Research Center (OCRC), which operates within the Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment (ISEE) at Ohio University. An OCRC safety flow diagram is presented that has been successfully used to improve the safety of new research projects being led by new researchers.
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Duan, Xinjian. "Technical Basis for the Assessment of Small Bore High Energy Piping With Lower Than Code Specified Design Minimum Thickness". W ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45797.
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Wall thinning by Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC), Erosion-Cavitation (E-C), and fretting has been observed in carbon steel piping. At some locations, the predicted end-of-life wall thickness could be below the design minimum thickness required by ASME B&PV Code Section III, which is an extremely conservative analysis method. To support the life extension without replacement or repair, it is essential to demonstrate the fitness for service of degraded piping components that satisfy the mandatory structural factors with uncertainties explicitly identified and addressed in an integrated manner. The present paper discusses the key technical basis for a sound assessment of small bore high energy Class 1 piping with lower than Code specified design minimum thickness, and proposes some future research activities to further enhance the technical basis.
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Grace, Dale, i Thomas Christiansen. "Risk-Based Assessment of Unplanned Outage Events and Costs for Combined-Cycle-Plants". W ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68435.
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Unexpected outages and maintenance costs reduce plant availability and can consume significant resources to restore the unit to service. Although companies may have the means to estimate cash flow requirements for scheduled maintenance and on-going operations, estimates for unplanned maintenance and its impact on revenue are more difficult to quantify, and a large fleet is needed for accurate assessment of its variability. This paper describes a study that surveyed 388 combined-cycle plants based on 164 D/E-class and 224 F-class gas turbines, for the time period of 1995 to 2009. Strategic Power Systems, Inc. (SPS®), manager of the Operational Reliability Analysis Program (ORAP®), identified the causes and durations of forced outages and unscheduled maintenance and established overall reliability and availability profiles for each class of plant in 3 five-year time periods. This study of over 3,000 unit-years of data from 50 Hz and 60 Hz combined-cycle plants provides insight into the types of events having the largest impact on unplanned outage time and cost, as well as the risks of lost revenue and unplanned maintenance costs which affect plant profitability. Outage events were assigned to one of three subsystems: the gas turbine equipment, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) equipment, or steam turbine equipment, according to the Electric Power Research Institute’s Equipment Breakdown Structure (EBS). Costs to restore the unit to service for each main outage cause were estimated, as were net revenues lost due to unplanned outages. A statistical approach to estimated costs and lost revenues provides a risk-based means to quantify the impact of unplanned events on plant cash flow as a function of class of gas turbine, plant subsystem, and historical timeframe. This statistical estimate of the costs of unplanned outage events provides the risk-based assessment needed to define the range of probable costs of unplanned events. Results presented in this paper demonstrate that non-fuel operation and maintenance costs are increased by roughly 8% in a typical combined-cycle power plant due to unplanned maintenance events, but that a wide range of costs can occur in any single year.
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Ismail, D. "Integrated Process Safety Tools for Managing Risk of Abnormal Operations Condition in Medco E&P". W Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-f-233.
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Process safety is paramount for the oil and gas industry including Medco E&P. Process Safety is essential to prevent major incidents that may have significant impacts in terms of economic loses, environmental damage, and even human loss. Having a strong Asset and Operating integrity programs is a key to carrying out a strong process safety in day-to-day operations. One element in asset and operations integrity that contributes to delivering a safe operations is managing abnormal operation conditions. Abnormal operation condition is defined as operations with process/system/equipment anomaly because they are outside the safe operating limit (SOL), safety critical equipment (SCE) performance degradation, SCE integrity failure, and disable safety protected function. In Medco E&P, abnormal operations risk have been assessed and managed by several tools or systems such as Safety Critical Element Abnormal Risk Assessment (SCEARA), Integrated Anomaly Alert Notification (IAAN) and SCE Preventive and Corrective Maintenance (SCE PM & CM) deferment process. These tools are made as an effort in case of continuous operations under abnormal conditions is intended by minimizing residual risk to a tolerable level. These tools are implemented by online system in Medco E&P’s enterprise resource planning, known as Business Process Management (BPM). The findings reported from the audit and self-assessment showed that it is perplexing to monitor and track between the correlated systems. This later encouraged the integration of the above tools for better abnormal operation risk management. The integration of the system then introduced as Integrated Process Safety Tools. The Integrated Process Safety Tools adds values to the management of abnormal conditions by reducing overlapping processes in the business process flow, facilitating monitoring and mitigation control, and aligning the SCE deviation mitigation periods based on risks; ranging from report initiation, work order planning until deferment processes and also clear commitment to complete abnormality. Integrated Process Safety Tools are designed to be one of the foundations in building awareness and culture of Process Safety within the Company. This paper shares the experience in managing abnormal operation condition in Medco E&P offshore operations assets both surface facility and subsurface facility that associated with Safety Critical Equipment (SCE) and its enhancement through The Integrated Process Safety Tools. The Integrated Process Safety Tools adds values to the management of abnormal conditions by reducing overlapping processes in the business process flow, simplify monitoring and mitigation control, and aligning the SCE deviation mitigation periods based on risks; ranging from report initiation, work order planning until deferment processes, also clear commitment to complete abnormality.