Rozprawy doktorskie: „Dugong”

1

Gerrard, Cedric Aron. "Dugong-watching tourism and encounter response of the dugong, Dugong dugon, in Shark Bay, Western Australia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ49615.pdf.

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2

Haynes, David. "Pesticide and heavy metal concentrations in Great Barrier Reef sediment, seagrass and dugongs (Dugong dugon) /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16183.pdf.

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3

Churchward, Carol Anne. "The effect of depth and activity type on dugong (Dugong dugon) diving behaviour in Shark Bay, Western Australia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64946.pdf.

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4

Rahman, Ibrahim Haji Abdul. "The sea mammal Dugong dugon and its environment: Chemical analysis and speciation studies". Thesis, Rahman, Ibrahim Haji Abdul (1996) The sea mammal Dugong dugon and its environment: Chemical analysis and speciation studies. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51688/.

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Samples of sediment, seagrass and dugong tissues were analyzed for selected elements: Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cd, Ni, Co, Al, P and S. Iron was the most interesting element found in relation to the samples analyzed. The level of iron in dugong liver tissue is extraordinarily high, ranging from 12 691- 71 123 µg g-1 dry weight. Ferritins from liver of dugong were isolated and characterized. Ferritin was purified by heat treatment and two-column gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and Sephacryl S-300. Isolation of ferritin was monitored by determining iron to protein ratio. For reference, ferritin was also isolated from human liver and spleen. Purity of the isolated ferritin was determined by analytical electrophoresis. The amino acid composition and subunit nature of the purified ferritin are within the normal range reported for the well-characterized human liver and spleen ferritins and horse spleen ferritin. The core size of purified dugong ferritin was determined by electron microscopy, which also indicated that purified dugong ferritin had a limited crystallinity. Mossbauer spectra of purified ferritin at 78K indicated the presence of ferrihydrite (5Fe2O39H2O) rather than geothite-like (α-FeOOH) iron oxide. This latter iron oxide was detected in the whole liver tissue of dugong. Overall, the characteristics of purified dugong ferritin are similar to other mammalian ferritins. The elemental analysis of dugong tissue, seagrass and sediment in its environment indicated that the dugong studied live in areas of minimum anthropogenic activity. The naturally high level of iron in its environment and food is reflected in the high liver iron values. The ability of the liver tissue to withstand the high concentration of iron in the tissue without apparently damaging the tissue deserves further study.

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5

Folkmanova, Veronika. "The Oil of the Dugong: Towards a Cross-Cultural History of an Indigenous Medicine". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367913.

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This thesis explores the relationship between Indigenous knowledge and Australian settler perceptions of medicinal practice by examining the manufacturing and use of dugong oil. It tracks the growth of the dugong industry in Moreton Bay in the mid-nineteenth century, before analysing the way in which dugong oil made its way through the hands of medical practitioners into newspaper advertisements and exhibitions from Australia to Europe. At this time, Australia was following Britain in the move to professionalise medicine despite a continuing popularity of heterodox and home treatments. Discoveries‘ of new medicinal remedies by medical professionals blur the lines of orthodox and unorthodox medicine and add another dimension to this history. Specifically, the case of dugong oil, learned from the Indigenous inhabitants, shows the interconnectedness of the dominant and the minority stories, shedding new light on the history of medicine, products, exchange and ideas in the age of empire.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science
Arts, Education and Law
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6

Holley, David K. "Movement patterns and habitat usage of Shark Bay dugongs". Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0016.html.

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7

Car, Zoe. "Seeing through others' eyes : towards a hybrid ecology of marine turtle and dugong in Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/519.

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This thesis explores the conflict between conservationists and Indigenous communities over the hunting of marine turtles and dugong in Australia, with a view to finding a way to overcome the barriers that prevent the resolution of this issue. I approached this exploration as an ecologist, using the framework of Berkes (2004) who proposed three shifts for the field of ecology. This meant taking a systems approach and investigating the intertwining threads of the issue as possible, with a specific focus on integrating the human aspects of the problem in a participatory manner. By doing so my work entered into a third space where multiple possibilities for investigation opened up. Through listening to others with expertise on the matter (from both Indigenous and non-Indigenous cultures) I have created a hybrid account of the ecology of marine turtles and dugong in Australia. The methodology used in undertaking this research was reflexive in nature, with a focus upon both my own and Bardi and Jawi culture, utilising interviews and participant observation as my primary methods of data collection. Wherever possible, a collaborative and participatory approach to the research was undertaken, with many people assisting me in my growing understandings of this issue. I have made use of various text-based resources, including the current scientific literature, historical accounts and records and my own field diaries to support the interview data that I collected. This account traces the origins of the conflict over marine turtle and dugong in Australia and focuses on a few key moments where attempts to resolve the issue have occurred over the past twenty years. By viewing these moments through the lens of the ecological discourses described by Manuel-Naverrete et al. (2008), it can be seen that progress towards the resolution of the conflict is unlikely to occur when participants retain a strongly normative worldview, and that movement towards an ecosystemic-pluralistic framework allows for a more flexible and adaptive response to this problem. Furthermore I argue that many of the underlying causes of the conflict are based on non-Indigenous cultures’ painful grappling with our current disassociation from the other-than-human world and that the adoption of a transformative-collaborative approach to our relationship with country may provide an opportunity to heal this rift.

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8

Gaus, Caroline, i n/a. "Dioxins in the Marine Environment: Sources, Pathways and Fate of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Queensland, Australia". Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030624.144111.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs) are two groups of lipophilic, persistent organic pollutants that are produced as by-products of various anthropogenic and industrial processes. Due to their relatively high toxic potencies and potential to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in organisms and through the food chain, the contemporary widespread distribution of these compounds is a concern to the health of the environment, wildlife and humans. This study determined the distribution, pathways and fate of PCDD/Fs in the coastal zone of Queensland, Australia, including the inshore marine environment of the World Heritage Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. This ecosystem supports unique fauna and flora such as the marine herbivorous mammal dugong (Dugong dugon) and its food source, seagrass. Elevated PCDD/Fs were present in soils and sediments along the entire Queensland coastline. Highest concentrations were found in soil from agricultural irrigation drains and in sediments near the mouths of major rivers. Elevated concentrations were associated with rural and urban types of land-use, and PCDD/Fs were present even in locations remote from anthropogenic activities. PCDD/F congener-specific analysis revealed an unusual profile in all samples, dominated by OCDD, with PCDFs present in low concentrations or below the limit of detection. Distinct HxCDD isomer patterns were observed, with the 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD/1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCDD isomer pair dominating the 2,3,7,8-substituted HxCDDs. Similar congener and isomer characteristics were reported in sediments, soil and clay samples from other continents, but could not be attributed to any known source. Possible PCDD/F sources in Queensland were assessed using segmented estuarine sediment cores, for which radiochemical chronologies were established for each depth. Variations of PCDD/F concentrations in the sediment cores over several centuries of depositional history were relatively small. Elevated PCDD levels were still present in sediment slices from the early 17th century. PCDD/F homologue profiles in sediments deposited during the last 350 years were almost identical and correlated well to the characteristic profiles observed in surface sediments and soils from the entire Queensland coastline. These results suggested the presence of an unidentified PCDD source prior to the production of commercial organochlorine products. To investigate the formation of the unusual PCDD/F profiles, congener and isomer specific analyses were undertaken in soils, sediments and dated sediment cores. The results demonstrated that specific transformation processes in the environment have resulted in the observed PCDD profile characteristics. Dechlorination of OCDD was proposed to result in distinct 1,4-pattern characteristics (i.e. formation of isomers chlorinated in the 1,4,6,9-positions). Consequently, the environmental samples do not reflect the signatures of the original source. An alternative hypothesis to natural formation is discussed evaluating these processes and their implications for possible source contributions. This hypothesis explores the potential for the influence of anthropogenic PCDD precursors (e.g. pentachlorophenol) during the 1940s to 1990s. Transport of PCDD/Fs from the land-based source via impacted tributary river systems, and subsequent deposition processes are proposed to result in PCDD/F accumulation in the inshore marine ecosystem. The extent of the sediment PCDD/F contamination governs the concentrations in the extensive inshore marine seagrass meadows of Queensland. Partitioning processes in the sediment-seagrass system lead to increased toxic equivalency (TEQ) in the seagrass, compared to sediment.The relationship between contaminated inshore sediments, seagrass and dugongs were evaluated using six dugong habitat regions along the coastline. PCDD/F body burdens in dugongs are governed by sediment (and seagrass) PCDD/F concentrations in their habitat. High seagrass (and incidental sediment) ingestion rates, selective retention of toxicologically potent congeners and relatively low PCDD/F elimination capacities in dugongs are proposed to result in elevated PCDD/F concentrations and TEQ levels in adult animals. Transfer efficiencies of 4 and 27% of maternal TEQ levels to foetuses and calves (respectively) during gestation and lactation result in relatively high exposure potentials to offspring. Compared to no-observed-adverse-effect-levels in other mammals, and based on the results of this study, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 10-24 pg TEQ kg-1 day-1 was estimated for dugongs. The results of the present study found that dugongs from some regions along the coastline of Queensland exceed this TDI by up to 20 fold, suggesting that these populations may be at risk from PCDD/F contamination in their habitat. These results have important implications for the health of the environment, wildlife and humans and were used to develop a conceptual understanding of the sources, pathways and fate of dioxins in Queensland, Australia.

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9

Gaus, Caroline. "Dioxins in the Marine Environment: Sources, Pathways and Fate of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Queensland, Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367537.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs) are two groups of lipophilic, persistent organic pollutants that are produced as by-products of various anthropogenic and industrial processes. Due to their relatively high toxic potencies and potential to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in organisms and through the food chain, the contemporary widespread distribution of these compounds is a concern to the health of the environment, wildlife and humans. This study determined the distribution, pathways and fate of PCDD/Fs in the coastal zone of Queensland, Australia, including the inshore marine environment of the World Heritage Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. This ecosystem supports unique fauna and flora such as the marine herbivorous mammal dugong (Dugong dugon) and its food source, seagrass. Elevated PCDD/Fs were present in soils and sediments along the entire Queensland coastline. Highest concentrations were found in soil from agricultural irrigation drains and in sediments near the mouths of major rivers. Elevated concentrations were associated with rural and urban types of land-use, and PCDD/Fs were present even in locations remote from anthropogenic activities. PCDD/F congener-specific analysis revealed an unusual profile in all samples, dominated by OCDD, with PCDFs present in low concentrations or below the limit of detection. Distinct HxCDD isomer patterns were observed, with the 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD/1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCDD isomer pair dominating the 2,3,7,8-substituted HxCDDs. Similar congener and isomer characteristics were reported in sediments, soil and clay samples from other continents, but could not be attributed to any known source. Possible PCDD/F sources in Queensland were assessed using segmented estuarine sediment cores, for which radiochemical chronologies were established for each depth. Variations of PCDD/F concentrations in the sediment cores over several centuries of depositional history were relatively small. Elevated PCDD levels were still present in sediment slices from the early 17th century. PCDD/F homologue profiles in sediments deposited during the last 350 years were almost identical and correlated well to the characteristic profiles observed in surface sediments and soils from the entire Queensland coastline. These results suggested the presence of an unidentified PCDD source prior to the production of commercial organochlorine products. To investigate the formation of the unusual PCDD/F profiles, congener and isomer specific analyses were undertaken in soils, sediments and dated sediment cores. The results demonstrated that specific transformation processes in the environment have resulted in the observed PCDD profile characteristics. Dechlorination of OCDD was proposed to result in distinct 1,4-pattern characteristics (i.e. formation of isomers chlorinated in the 1,4,6,9-positions). Consequently, the environmental samples do not reflect the signatures of the original source. An alternative hypothesis to natural formation is discussed evaluating these processes and their implications for possible source contributions. This hypothesis explores the potential for the influence of anthropogenic PCDD precursors (e.g. pentachlorophenol) during the 1940s to 1990s. Transport of PCDD/Fs from the land-based source via impacted tributary river systems, and subsequent deposition processes are proposed to result in PCDD/F accumulation in the inshore marine ecosystem. The extent of the sediment PCDD/F contamination governs the concentrations in the extensive inshore marine seagrass meadows of Queensland. Partitioning processes in the sediment-seagrass system lead to increased toxic equivalency (TEQ) in the seagrass, compared to sediment.The relationship between contaminated inshore sediments, seagrass and dugongs were evaluated using six dugong habitat regions along the coastline. PCDD/F body burdens in dugongs are governed by sediment (and seagrass) PCDD/F concentrations in their habitat. High seagrass (and incidental sediment) ingestion rates, selective retention of toxicologically potent congeners and relatively low PCDD/F elimination capacities in dugongs are proposed to result in elevated PCDD/F concentrations and TEQ levels in adult animals. Transfer efficiencies of 4 and 27% of maternal TEQ levels to foetuses and calves (respectively) during gestation and lactation result in relatively high exposure potentials to offspring. Compared to no-observed-adverse-effect-levels in other mammals, and based on the results of this study, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 10-24 pg TEQ kg-1 day-1 was estimated for dugongs. The results of the present study found that dugongs from some regions along the coastline of Queensland exceed this TDI by up to 20 fold, suggesting that these populations may be at risk from PCDD/F contamination in their habitat. These results have important implications for the health of the environment, wildlife and humans and were used to develop a conceptual understanding of the sources, pathways and fate of dioxins in Queensland, Australia.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Health
Faculty of Health Sciences
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10

Gaus, Caroline. "Dioxins in the marine environment sources, pathways, and fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Queensland, Australia /". Connect to this title online, 2002. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/9765.

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Burkholder, Derek A. "Top Down Control in a Relatively Pristine Seagrass Ecosystem". FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/799.

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The loss of large-bodied herbivores and/or top predators has been associated with large-scale changes in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems around the world. Understanding the consequences of these declines has been hampered by a lack of studies in relatively pristine systems. To fill this gap, I investigated the dynamics of the relatively pristine seagrass ecosystem of Shark Bay, Australia. I began by examining the seagrass species distributions, stoichiometry, and patterns of nutrient limitation across the whole of Shark Bay. Large areas were N-limited, P-limited, or limited by factors other than nutrients. Phosphorus-limitation was centered in areas of restricted water exchange with the ocean. Nutrient content of seagrasses varied seasonally, but the strength of seasonal responses were species-specific. Using a cafeteria-style experiment, I found that fast-growing seagrass species, which had higher nutrient content experienced higher rates of herbivory than slow-growing species that are dominant in the bay but have low nutrient content. Although removal rates correlated well with nutrient content at a broad scale, within fast-growing species removal rates were not closely tied to N or P content. Using a combination of stable isotope analysis and animal borne video, I found that green turtles (Chelonia mydas) – one of the most abundant large-bodied herbivores in Shark Bay – appear to assimilate little energy from seagrasses at the population level. There was, however, evidence of individual specialization in turtle diets with some individuals foraging largely on seagrasses and others feeding primarily on macroalgae and gelatinous macroplankton. Finally, I used exclusion cages, to examine whether predation-sensitive habitat shifts by megagrazers (green turtles, dugongs) transmitted a behavior-mediated trophic cascade (BMTC) between sharks and seagrasses. In general, data were consistent with predictions of a behavior-mediated trophic cascade. Megaherbivore impacts on seagrasses were large only in the microhabitat where megaherbivores congregate to reduce predation risk. My study highlights the importance of large herbivores in structuring seagrass communities and, more generally, suggests that roving top predators likely are important in structuring communities - and possibly ecosystems - through non-consumptive pathways.

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Holley, David K. "Movement patterns and habitat usage of Shark Bay dugongs". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/70.

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In order to define small and large scale spatial and temporal individual movement patterns of dugongs (Dugong dugon) within the Shark Bay World Heritage Property (SBWHP) a total of 19 dugongs were fitted with remote location recording and transmitting devices. Combined locations from all units totalled over 10,000 locations. This spatial and temporal data was used to define movement patterns of dugongs within Shark Bay as well as areas of high use deemed to be indicative of foraging activity. Platform Transmitting Terminals (PTT?s) using the ARGOS location collection system tracked animals over large temporal scales with 4 animals tracked up to periods of 11 months. Using these instruments it was possible accurately define a previously identified large-scale seasonal movement pattern within the confines of Shark Bay. These four animals showed distinct seasonal home ranges defined by changes in Sea Surface Temperature.

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Takahashi, Eri. "Risk Assessment of Marine Algal Toxins on Humans and Dugongs". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367296.

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Algal toxins can have a significant impact on human and ecological health as the toxins accumulate in the food chain and are consumed by both humans and marine organisms. This study focussed on the following marine algal toxins that were present at the study sites: okadaic acid (OA), domoic acid (DA), gymnodimine (GD), pectenotoxin-e (PTX-2) and PTX-2 seco acid (PTX-2SA). The study sites investigated for potential algal toxin exposure were selected from the waters around North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Australia, where shellfish are harvested by the local population, and where dugongs are known to feed on seagrass. Samples were collected monthly for two consecutive years. The species of toxinproducing algae present at the sites studied were Pseudo-nizschia sp., Dinophysis caudata, D. acuminata and Prorocentrum lima. The occurrence of Dinophysis species was observed to be dependent on the season while Pseudo-nitzschia sp was present both in colder and warmer months. Data on the dose-response analysis were extracted from published literature. This data was categorised into whole organisms, human and animal cell lines, and compared to one another. For further toxicodynamic studies, human cell lines were dosed with known concentrations of the toxins: OA, DA and GD. These cytotoxicity and microarray analyses were performed to observe the effects of toxins on gene regulation. A more extensive analysis was performed using GD alone. Expression of numerous genes was affected, and real time polymerase chain reaction reactions were performed to confirm the regulation of those genes. Gymnodimine was demonstrated to affect genes within pathways relating to oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, MAPK and Wnt signalling pathways. The cytotoxicity and microarray data and the data accumulated from the published literature were combined to form a comprehensive database of both chronic and acute effects. The database was then referred to for the dose-response analysis for the risk assessment. The exposure data attained from field sampling in the current study was analysed against the doses for any shown effects. Total daily intake for humans and dugongs sourcing food from around the island were calculated and health risks were estimated by incorporating tolerable daily intake, guideline values and total daily intake. The risk characteristics of algal toxins on the health of humans (consuming shellfish) and dugongs (consuming seagrass) indicated that acute health risks were unlikely, unless an outbreak of toxic algae (algal bloom) were to occur. Since there were no occurrences of algal blooms during the study period, high levels of toxins were not detected in any of the collected shellfish, phytoplankton or seagrass samples. However, if such blooms were to occur around the island, the phytoplankton could potentially produce algal toxins at high enough concentrations to cause acute toxic effects in the consumers. The current study has also demonstrated that there is a potential for chronic, long term health effects from consuming shellfish and seagrass around the island. The presence of low-level concentrations of algal toxins in the food sources can lead to chronic effects. Toxins such as OA are known tumour promoters. For dugongs, which feed on seagrass on daily basis, the potential for chronic effects is high. It was demonstrated that GD also possesses toxicological characteristics that may enhance the possibility of tumour promotion because of its effect of down-regulating parts of the apoptosis pathway, which may prevent cell death and as a consequence, lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Faculty of Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Tamkevičiūtė, Vanda. "Akies dugno vaizdų analizės algoritmai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060607_124617-14595.

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The use of advanced technologies in medicine allows to diagnose diseases in their initial stage. Its automatical parameterization is possible only in clear, qualified pictures. The paper investigates the initial processing of the picture of eye bottom which is necessary for the parameterization of sight nerve disc. This is the change of a colourful picture into a grey one and covering the picture with a net what allows to find a sight nerve disc. The paper describes the problems which disturb to precisely localize a sight nerve disc. This would be a net of blood-vessels, which is treated as noise in pictures. There is also a shortly discussed possible method for the further picture treatment – parameterization of a sight nerve disc. The research investigates and looks for optimal netting parameters that could more precisely and faster to find a sight nerve disc. A realised programme is presented which performs the initial picture treatment allowing to choose necessary netting parameters: the size of a cell, pace and form. In addition, the instruction of programme using is presented. The results received during the research are illustrated with the experiment description, diagrams and remarks.

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Patašius, Martynas. "Akies dugno kraujagyslių vingiuotumo įvertinimo metodai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060524_140707-93494.

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Tortuosity of eye fundus blood vessels is one of parameters that describe state of the blood vessels. It can be detected from fundus images. The increase in vessel tortuosity was observed in eyes of patients with advanced background diabetic retinopathy, papilloedema, arterial hypertension, even in some completely healthy eyes (in this case tortuosity does not change in time). Thus the feature of the line – tortousity – could be used as the diagnostic feature in medical applications. Unfortunately, completely reliable definition and numerical estimation of tortuosity of line (blood vessel) does not exist, although there were some more or less successful attempts to define it. This work presents a new way to estimate the tortuosity using the integral of square derivative of curvature. It is compared with the existing methods both theoretically and experimentally. Three types of lines have been used for experimental comparison: theoretical models of retinal vessels (straight line, parabola, sinusoid and their combinations), lines extracted from real fundus images and lines extracted from optometric scale for retinal vessel evaluation. To ease the extraction of the lines from these images a new version of one of the methods for vessel tracking has been created and implemented.

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Ichikawa, Kotaro. "Studies on behavioral ecology and protection measures of the dugongs based on analyses of marine acoustical informations". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135985.

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Sandiford, Mark. "A study of the reproductive biology of Bombacopsis quinata (Jacq.) Dugand". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242057.

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Syrkaševaitė, Eglė. "Dubens dugno raumenų treniravimo efektyvumas moterų šlapimo nelaikymo prevencijai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_145220-81201.

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Tyrimo objektas. Moterų dubens dugno raumenų jėga ir jų treniravimo galimybės. Tyrimo problema. Dubens dugno raumenys vaidina svarbų vaidmenį šlapimo sulaikymui ir dubens organų palaikymui (Bo & Sherburn, 2005). Su amžiumi atrofuojasi (silpnėja ir nyksta) gleivinė, silpnėja dubens dugno raumenys, mažėja jungiamojo audinio, jis tampa ne toks elastingas, susilpnėja šlapimo pūslės sfinkteris (raumenų žiedas), pasikeičia šlapimo pūslės ir makšties anatomija (Thakar & Stanton, 2000). Kai sutrinka raumenų, laikančių uždarytą šlapimo pūslę, funkcija, gali atsirasti šlapimo nelaikymas. Ligoniai susiduria su daugybe socialinių ir psichologinių problemų, apribojamas žmogaus fizinis ir socialinis aktyvumas (Peeker et al., 2003). Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti dubens dugno raumenų treniravimo efektyvumą moterų šlapimo nelaikymo prevencijai. Tyrimo uždaviniai. 1. Įvertinti tiriamųjų dubens dugno raumenų jėgą prieš ir po kineziterapijos; 2. Įvertinti tiriamųjų dubens dugno raumenų pajėgumą amžiaus aspektu; 3. Nustatyti priklausomybę tarp dubens dugno raumenų pajėgumo, gimdymų skaičiaus ir gimdymo būdo; 4. Nustatyti ryšį tarp dubens dugno raumenų pajėgumo ir pilvo raumenų statinės ištvermės. Tyrimo metodika. Anketinės apklausos metu buvo išsiaiškintas tiriamųjų amžius, ūgis, svoris, gimdymų skaičius ir gimdymo būdas. Objektyvus dubens dugno raumenų jėgos testavimas buvo atliekamas penkiasdešimčiai moterų, naudojant dubens dugno raumenų treniruoklį bei dubens dugno raumenų funkcijos matavimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Object of research: Strength of women pelvic floor muscles and the possibilities of their training. Problem of research: Pelvic floor muscles play an important role in the urinary continence and support of pelvic organs (Bo & Sherburn, 2005). With age the mucous atrophies (weakens and wanes), the pelvic floor muscles weaken, connecting tissue diminishes, it becomes less elastic, sphincter (ring of muscles) of the bladder weakens, the anatomy of bladder and vagina changes (Thakar & Stanton, 2000). When the function of muscles that maintain the bladder closed disconcerts, the incontinence may manifest. Patients confront many social and psychological problems, physical and social activity of the person become limited (Peeker et al., 2003). Aim of research: Assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercises to the prevention of incontinence of women. Goals of research: 1. Evaluate the strength of participants pelvic floor muscles before and after the physiotherapy; 2. Evaluate the strength of participants pelvic floor muscles with respect to the age; 3. Determine the relationship among the strength of pelvic floor muscles, number and ways of deliveries; 4. Determine the relationship between the strength of pelvic floor muscles and static endurance of abdominal muscles. Methods of research: With the help of questionnaire there were determined the age, height, weight, number of deliveries and ways of deliveries of participants. Pelvic floor muscle strength of fifty women was... [to full text]

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Paunksnytė, Ieva. "Titnagdumblių erdvinis heterogeniškumas paviršinėse dugno nuosėdose eutrofinėje priekrantės lagūnoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20140623_164912-43643.

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TITNAGDUMBLIŲ BENDRIJŲ ERDVINIS HETEROGENIŠKUMAS KURŠIŲ MARIŲ LAGŪNOS (LIETUVOS DALIS) PAVIRŠINĖSE DUGNO NUOSĖDOSE Santrauka Kuršių marių (Lietuvos dalis) dugno nuosėdose 2003 ir 2005 m. aptiktos 212 titnaginių dumblių rūšys ir vidurūšiniai taksonai, 18 apibūdinta iki genties. Centricae klasei priklauso 42 rūšys, Pennatae – 170. Didžiausia rūšių įvairove išsiskyrė gentys Navicula – 39 rūšių, Fragilaria – 21, Achnanthes – 17, Nitzschia – 14, Stephanodiscus – 11, Cyclotella – 11 rūšių. Bendras titnaginių dumblių gausumas paviršinėse dugno nuosėdose buvo 7,8–43 mln. tekų/g orasausių nuosėdų, nuosėdų kolonėlėse 6,9–43 mln. tekų/g. Didžiausi titnagdumblių kiekiai paviršinėse dugno nuosėdose ir kolonėleje buvo nustatyti šiaurinėje Kuršių marių dalyje Klaipėdos sąsiauryje. Dugno nuosėdose didžiausi kiekiai buvo betosinių titnaginių dumblių. Paviršinėse dugno nuosėdose jų kiekiai buvo 46,9–58 % bendro dumblių gausumo. Dugno nuosėdų kolonėlėse 38–72 %. Didžiausi kiekiai bentosinių titnaginių dumblių buvo nustatyti Klaipėdos sąsiauryje. Planktoninės rūšys paviršinėse dugno nuosėdose sudarė 42–54 % bendro dumblių gausumo, dugno nuosėdų kolonėlėse 26–62 %. Didžiausi planktoninių dumblių kiekiai paviršinėse nuosėdose nustatyti centrinėje marių dalyje ties Juodkrante, kolonėlėje – Klaipėdos sąsiauryje. Visuose dugno nuosėdų mėginiuose dominavo gėlavandenės-druskėtos ir druskėtos-gėlavandenės titnaginių dumblių rūšys. Paviršinėse nuosėdose jų kiekiai buvo 81,9–95,6 % bendro dumblių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Heterogeneity of diatom assemblages in the surface sediments of Curonian Lagoon (Lithuanian part) SUMMARY Totally 212 species and varietes of diatoms were indentified in Curonian Lagoon surface sediments (in 2003) and five sediments core (in 2005). Systematically 42 diatom species belong to Centricae class. The pargest specines amount were from genus Navicula – 39, Fragilaria – 21, Achnanthes – 17, Nitzschia – 14, Stephanodiscus – 11, Cyclotella – 11. The total amount of diatoms varied from 7,8 mln. to 43 mln. valves/g in surface sediments and from 6,9 to 43 mln. valves/g in the cores. The largest amounts were found in the Klaipėda Strait. In diatoms assemblages benthic specines prevailed. Their amount reached 46,9 % - 58 % of total diatoms amount in the surface sediments and 38 - 72 %. in the cores. The lagest amount of benthic diatom was found in the Klaipėda Strait. Planktonic diatoms amount varied from 42 to 54 % in the surface sediments and 26 - 62 % in the cores. Lagest amount the largest amount was found in Juodkratė and Klaipėda Strait core. In all sediments samples dominanted brakish - freshwaters water species. Their amount varied from 81,9 to 95,6 % in the surface sediments and 78 – 94 % in the sediments cores. Marine species in all samples formed till 2,3 % and fresh waters specines – no more than 1,98 %. Typical species of eutrophicated waters constituted 40 % of the total number of species. The most abundant species were: Actinocyclus normanii, A. normanii var... [to full text]

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Bagdevičiūtė, Daiva. "Mikrobiloginiai organinių medžiagų mineralizacijos ypatumai Vilniaus apylinkių ežerų dugno nuosėdose". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20101125_185305-71359.

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2006 - 2007 metais atlikus tyrimus skirtingų sezonų metu buvo nustatyta, kad, antropogenizuotų Sudervės (Salotė, Gilužis, Gineitiškės) ir Riešės (Paežeriai, Raudondvaris, Riešė) upių baseinų ežerų vandenyje ir dugno nuosėdose susiformavo palankios aplinkos sąlygos SRB, heterotrofinių ir E. coli bakterijų augimui ir dauginimuisi. Skirtingais sezonais (pavasarį, vasarą, rudenį), tirtųjų ežerų dugno nuosėdose, SRB kiekis stipriai skirėsi ir svyravo nuo 0 iki 106 KSVS/ml. Sudervės upės baseino ežerų dugno nuosėdose, didžiausias šių bakterijų skaičius buvo nustatytas liepos mėnesį ir siekė 104 KSVS/ml. Tuo tarpu didžiausias SRB skaičius Riešės upės baseino ežerų dugno nuosėdose buvo nustatytas rugsėjo mėnesį ir siekė 106 KSVS/ml. Intensyviausiai heterotrofinės bakterijos tirtuose ežeruose vystėsi dugno nuosėdose, tuo tarpu vandens paviršiuje buvo aptkti vidutiniškai 1000 kartų mažesni šių bakterijų kiekiai. Daugiausiai heterotrofinių bakterijų vandens paviršiuje bei dugno nuosėdose, lyginant su kitais tirtaisiais ežerais, buvo aptikta Riešės ežere. Daugiausiai E. coli bakterijų Sudervės ir Riešės upių baseinų ežeruose buvo aptikta vandens paviršiuje liepos mėnesį, esant aukštai vandens temperatūrai (18,4 - 21,8 °C). Didžiausias šių bakterijų kiekis buvo užfiksuotas Gilužio ežere. Vienas pagrindinių veiksnių, skatinusių sulfatų redukcijos proceso intensyvumą tirtų ežerų dugno nuosėdose, buvo sulfatų kiekis. Daugiausiai šio junginio susikaupė vasarą. Todėl sulfatų redukcijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Investigations were carried out in water layers and bottom sediments of Suderve (Salote, Giluzis, Gineitiskes) and Riese (Paezeriai, Raudondvaris, Riese) rivers lakes, which undergo anthropogenic impact, in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn) of 2006-2007. It was established that the whole complex of abiotic factors formed favorable conditions for the growth of SRB, heterotrophic and E. coli bacteria. The differences in the abundance of sulphate reducing bacteria in bottom sediments did not reflect the intensity of the process. Generally, their amount varied from 0 to 106 colony forming units (CFU) per ml on media with lactate. The highest abundance of SRB in the lakes of Suderve river basin was recorded in July and reached 104 CFU per ml. Meanwhile, the highest abundance of SRB in the lakes of Riese river basin was recorded in September and reached 106 CFU per ml. The highest amount of heterotrophic bacteria was registered in bottom sediments while in water layer it was estimated 1000 times lower amount. In comparison with other investigated lakes the highest abundance of heterotrophic bacteria in water layer and bottom sediments was determined in Lake Riese. The highest amount of E. coli bacteria was determined in water layer by a high water temperature in July (18, 4 - 21, 8 °C) in basins of Suderve and Riese rivers lakes. The highest abundance of these bacteria was recorded in Giluzis Lake. The intensity of sulphate reducing process mainly depends on sulphate... [to full text]

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Raulinaitis, Mindaugas. "Hidromechaninio ežerų valymo įtaka metalų ir metaloidų pasiskirstymui dugno nuosėdose". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121227_090639-11076.

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Nors hidromechaninio ežerų valymo darbai vykdomi jau daugelį metų, iki šiol nėra aišku, kaip pasikeičia ežero aplinkosauginė būklė po jo išvalymo, o Lietuvos ir kitų šalių mokslinėje literatūroje informacijos apie valymo sąlygotus metalų ir metaloidų pasiskirstymo dugno nuosėdose pokyčius yra stebėtinai mažai. Disertacijos tyrime buvo taikoma kompleksinė šių pokyčių vertinimo sistema, pasitelkiant ne tik išsamius geocheminius lauko ir laboratorinius tyrimus, bet ir matematinę statistinę analizę bei erdvinę duomenų prognozę ir interpoliaciją. Tyrimų ir analizės rezultatai parodė, kad hidromechaninis ežero valymas sąlygoja nagrinėjamų metalų ir metaloidų kiekių pokyčius ir jų persiskirstymą dugno nuosėdose, kuris yra savitas atskiriems cheminiams elementams, todėl siekiant nustatyti valymo darbų įtaką būtina naudoti indikatorius, leidžiančius įvertinti bendro, kumuliacinio nuosėdų užterštumo lygio pokyčius visų nagrinėjamų elementų atžvilgiu. Vieno iš tokių indikatorių – suminio užterštumo rodiklio Zd verčių statistinė analizė ir erdvinė interpoliacija leido ne tik nustatyti statistiškai patikimą hidromechaninio ežero valymo įtakotą metalų ir metaloidų pokyčių reikšmingumą naujai susiformavusiame paviršiniame dugno nuosėdų sluoksnyje, bet ir pademonstruoti erdvinį šių elementų perskirstymą dugno paviršiaus plote. Disertacijoje pateikiama informacija yra ypač aktuali vertinant Lietuvos ežerų būklę, planuojant ežerų dugno nuosėdų šalinimo darbus ir nustatant jų tikslingumą.
Although hydromechanical lake remediation projects have been carried out over several decades, there still is a lack of evidence about the changes in environmental status after such projects, while scientific literature regarding redistribution of metals and metalloids caused by hydromechanical bottom sediment removal is especially scarce both in Lithuania and in other countries. Research of the dissertation consisted not only of extensive geochemical field work and laboratory analysis, but also methods of mathematical statistics and spatial interpolation. Results of the research and their analysis allowed to conclude that hydromechanical lake remediation results in changes of the contents of metals and metalloids of interest and their spatial redistribution in lake bottom sediments, which are specific to each metal and metalloid, thus cumulative indicators should be used to assess overall changes in sediment quality of remediated lakes. Calculation and statistical analysis of on of such indicators - total sediment contamination index (Zd) and surface interpolation of its values allowed to evaluate statistical significance of changes in contamination degree of the newly formed surface sediment layer and to assess cumulative spatial redistribution of metals and metalloids caused by hydromechanical lake remediation. Data provided in the dissertation is especially significant in preparation and design of future sediment removal projects and in determining their feasibility.

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Karlsson, Jessica. "Plikttrogen och duglig : En studie av lärar- och lärarinneideal i dödsrunor åren 1928-1930". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Historia, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-12994.

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Undersökningens syfte är att studera läraridealgenom dödsrunor för att se vilka ideal som den avlidne framställdes i samt sehur dessa skiljer sig åt i ett genusperspektiv. Minnesrunorna finns publiceradei Sveriges allmänna folkskollärarföreningstidningsorgan Svensk läraretidningoch undersökningsperioden är åren 1928- 1930. Undersökningen visade på att bådeden manlige och den kvinnliga läraren framställdes i stort sett lika även omdet skiljer sig åt procentuellt sett. Läraridealet för denna tid var enpliktrogen och nitiskt lärare/lärarinna som på ett dugligt, intresserat ochsjälvuppoffrande sätt utförde sitt kall. Därtill tillkom ideal såsom glad,avhållen och godhjärtad. Manliga lärarideal var även redighet samt att dennekunde ses som försynt. För den kvinnlige läraren framhålls ideal såsom moderligoch fostrarinna.

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Barros, Felipe Eduardo Lima Reina de. "Geopolítica e Religião Uma Análise Crítica da Obra de Alexander Dugin". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19412.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais
A presente dissertação de mestrado analisa a contribuição da religião enquanto elemento de legitimação política na obra de Alexander Dugin, tanto no contexto da política interna - no estímulo ao sentimento de coesão nacional e inclinação para modelos autoritários de poder -, quanto para enquadrar ideologicamente a política internacional – o reconhecimento de esferas de poder e espaços civilizacionais: o retorno dos impérios. Para tal, faz-se uma análise qualitativa e hermenêutica a partir de duas teses antagônicas que aparecem constantemente na obra do autor: à pós-história de Hegel, Kojève e Fukuyama, Dugin responde com a visão Tradicionalista do Eterno Retorno, que encontra em Samuel Huntington uma inusitada expressão contemporânea. Como o retorno à religião é capaz de modular a universalização dos valores ocidentais? A expectativa de transição e convergência do espaço pós-soviético e do mundo pós-colonial para o modelo ocidental não se realiza porque o próprio Ocidente não é mais o mesmo com o fim da União Soviética. O pós-socialismo coincide com a pósmodernidade e preserva os novos Estados em um constante estado de conflito. O retorno da religião à política seria uma reação consequente da condição pós-Ocidental. Dugin, no entanto, não é mero espectador das dinâmicas da política internacional. Sua obra é um manifesto político endereçado a todos os descontentes com a vigente ordem internacional, um apelo à união de diferentes regimes e grupos políticos e religiosos através de um “ecumenismo distante” que só se coaduna pela existência de um inimigo comum, o Ocidente.
This master's dissertation analyzes the contribution of religion and tradition as elements of political legitimation in Alexander Dugin's work, both in the context of domestic politics - in stimulating the feeling of national cohesion and the inclination towards authoritarian models of power - and in framing it ideologically for international politics - the recognition of spheres of power and civilizational spaces: the return of empires. For this, a qualitative and hermeneutic analysis will be made from two antagonistic theses that appear constantly in the author's work: to the posthistory of Hegel, Kojève and Fukuyama, Dugin responds with the Traditionalist view of the Eternal Return, which he finds in Samuel Huntington an unusual contemporary expression. How is the return to religion able to modulate the universalization of Western values? The expectation of transition and convergence from post-Soviet space and post-colonial world to the Western model is not realized because the West itself is no longer the same with the end of the Soviet Union. Post-socialism coincides with late modernity and preserves the new states in a constant state of conflict. For Dugin, the return of religion to politics is a consequent reaction to the post-Western condition in the West. Dugin, however, is not merely a spectator of the dynamics of international politics. His work is a political manifesto addressed to all discontented with the prevailing international order, an appeal to the union of different political and religious groups through a "distant ecumenism" that is only matched by the existence of a common enemy, the West.
N/A

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Tadaravičiūtė, Rūta. "Dubens dugno raumenų lavinimo kineziterapijos metodais efektyvumas moterims su įtampos šlapimo nelaikymu". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060509_183248-66827.

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Object of the study. Pelvic floor muscles strength and endurance of women with stress urinary incontinence. Problem of the study. The actuality of urinary incontinence remains in Lithuania, not only because of it’s prevalance, but also because women are not able to find appropriate help and incorrect treatment methods are applied. Aim of the study. To evaluate the efficiency of physical therapy methods for the pelvic floor muscle re-education in women with stress urinary incontinence. Objectives. To evaluate the efficiency of Kegel and combined methods for the pelvic floor muscle re-education in women with stress urinary incontinence, to compare the efficiency of Kegel and combined methods for the pelvic floor muscle re-education in women with stress urinary incontinence. Methods. The objective pelvic floor muscle maximum strenght and endurance in 24 female were measured using pelvic floor muscle function measurement apparatus „Pelvexiser“ and chronometer. The subjects were interviewed about urinary incontinence symptoms‘ severity and urinary incontinence occurrence during provocative tests. Research data was analysed using SPSS 10,0 for Windows. Results. Muscle function assessment after treatment showed that in both groups pelvic muscles strenght and endurance improved significantly. After treatment a majority of women in Kegel group indicated the severity of their symptoms as moderatley problematic, the majority of women in combined method group reported only minor symptoms... [to full text]

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Losleben, Tamar. "Pilot study of horizontal roughing filtration in northern Ghana as pretreatment for highly turbid dugout water". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43883.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).
In Northern Region Ghana (NRG), highly turbid rainwater runoff and intermittent streams are collected in earthen dams called dugouts. These dams serve as many communities' main source of drinking and domestic water despite their physical and microbial contamination. Slow sand filtration (SSF), a low-cost technology for treating microbial contaminated drinking water is only recommended for water < 50 NTU. Two research objectives were established to address this issue; to characterize dugout particle sizes and distribution and to test a pilot horizontal roughing filter's (HRF) effectiveness at removing turbidity from highly turbid dugout water. Among the four dugouts tested in NRG, they typically have high concentrations of non-setttleable colloidal (< 1 m) and small supracolloidal particles (< 10 m). In addition, a pilot HRF at Ghanasco Dam in Tamale, NRG was conducted using three 7m tubes filled with three sizes of granite gravel, local gravel, and broken pieces of ceramic filters arranged by decreasing size. The pilot study was run for 52 days to test if HRF could reduce the high turbidity (305 NTU) to < 50 NTU to make SSF a viable option. There were a number of promising outcomes: the best performing media, the granite gravel, by removing an average 46% of the influent turbidity (filter coefficient X = 0.002 min-1), produced an average effluent turbidity of 51 NTU which almost achieved the goal of < 50 NTU. The granite gravel HRF removed twice as much turbidity (46%) as plain settling (25%). Overall, the granite gravel removed 76% and 84% of the influent turbidity according to the settling test and pilot HRF data respectively. Three recommendations derived from this pilot HRF study are (1) to monitor dugout water quality, (2) to investigate media and particle properties to enhance colloidal particle removal
(cont.) (3) to modify the HRF to effectively remove very high dry season turbidities and likely even higher rainy-season turbidities from dugout water.
by Tamar Rachelle Losleben.
M.Eng.

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Nasario, João Paulo Sardin 1990. "Biologia floral, reprodutiva e cariótipos de espécies de Pseudobombax Dugand (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) do sudeste do Brasil". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314934.

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Orientador: Eliana Regina Forni Martins
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T09:37:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nasario_JoaoPauloSardin_M.pdf: 1858989 bytes, checksum: 1fd7e7dcb1a5473c4ff7fb12d1cd1a15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Tradicionalmente incluso na extinta família Bombacaceae, Pseudobombax Dugand pertence à subfamília Bombacoideae, Malvaceae sensu lato. Abrange cerca de 29 espécies, das quais 16 ocorrem em território brasileiro e nove são endêmicas. No Brasil, a maioria das espécies é encontrada no sudeste, planalto central e nordeste. As espécies possuem considerável valor comercial, por serem utilizadas no mundo todo, principalmente na ornamentação e arborização urbana. Estudos sobre o sistema reprodutivo e citogenéticos são raros para o gênero. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se o estudo da biologia floral e reprodutiva, assim como a análise cariotípica de três espécies de Pseudobombax da região sudeste do Brasil. As espécies de Pseudobombax são importantes fontes de pólen e néctar para seus visitantes florais, especialmente por florescerem na estação seca. Algumas diferenças foram observadas entre os períodos de floração e frutificação durante os dois anos de estudo, as quais podem estar relacionadas a diferentes quantidades de chuva antes do início da floração. As flores apresentam antese crepuscular/noturna, com características que se encaixam na síndrome da quiropterofilia. As flores de P. tomentosum são significativamente diferentes das demais espécies (maior comprimento da flor, das pétalas, do ovário e do cálice), porém a forma e o indumento dos frutos é a principal característica que podemos utilizar para separar taxonomicamente as três espécies. Os estudos reprodutivos das três espécies evidenciaram alta porcentagem de fecundação cruzada, indicando alogamia. A eficácia reprodutiva manteve-se alta, confirmando a necessidade de polinização cruzada e, consequentemente, de seus polinizadores. As análises citogenéticas mostraram contagens inéditas, com 2n=88 para Pseudobombax sp. (nova) e P. tomentosum e 2n=84 para P. grandiflorum. O número básico sugerido para as espécies de Pseudobombax é x=44. Foi confirmado mais de um número cromossômico no gênero, o que sugere a derivação por disploidia, decorrente de possíveis rearranjos cromossômicos. Pseudobombax sp. (nova) e P. grandiflorum, espécies muitas vezes confundidas entre si, possuem números cromossômicos diferentes (2n=88 e 2n=84, respectivamente) sendo este um caráter adicional importante na separação taxonômica das duas espécies. O bandamento CMA/DAPI evidenciou um padrão conservado dentro do gênero, com seis bandas CMA+ nas três espécies. Os valores métricos dos cromossomos das espécies em estudo indicaram um comprimento do complemento cromossômico pequeno, nas quais o menor tamanho cromossômico foi de 0,3 µm em P. grandiflorum e o maior foi de 3,5 µm em P. tomentosum. O diferente número cromossômico, bem como algumas características morfológicas florais e do fruto podem ser utilizadas na separação taxonômica das três espécies de Pseudobombax em estudo, evidenciando assim a existência de uma nova espécie para o gênero
Abstract: Traditionally included in the extinct family Bombacaceae, Pseudobombax Dugand belongs to the Bombacoideae subfamily, Malvaceae sensu lato. Composed by about 29 species, of which 16 occur in Brazilian territory and nine are endemic. In Brazil, most species are found in the southeast, northeastern and central plains. Species have considerable commercial value, for being used worldwide, especially in ornamentation and urban forestry. Studies on the reproductive system and cytogenetics are rare for the genus. This work aimed to study the floral and reproductive biology, as well as analysis of karyotype of three species of Pseudobombax from southeastern Brazil. The Pseudobombax species are important sources of pollen and nectar for their floral visitors, especially by flourishing in the dry season. Some differences were observed between the periods of flowering and fruiting during the two years of study, which may be related to different amounts of rainfall before flowering. The flowers have crepuscular/nocturnal anthesis, with features that fit in the chiropterophily syndrome. The flowers of P. tomentosum are significantly different from the other species (greater length of the flower petals, the ovary and the cup), but the shape and indumentum of the fruit is the main feature that we can use to separate the three species taxonomically. Reproductive studies of the three species showed a high percentage of outcrossing, indicating outcrossing. The reproductive efficiency remained high, confirming the necessity of cross-pollination and, therefore, their pollinators. Cytogenetic analysis showed unprecedented chromosome counts, with 2n=88 to Pseudobombax sp. (new) and P. tomentosum and 2n=84 for P. grandiflorum. The basic chromosome number suggested to Pseudobombax is x=44. We confirmed more than one chromosome number in the genus, which suggests derivation by disploidy, due to possible chromosomal rearrangements. Pseudobombax sp. (new) and P. grandiflorum, species often confused with each other, presented different chromosome numbers (2n=88 or 2n=84 , respectively) which is an important taxonomic character for the separation of the two species. The CMA/DAPI banding showed a conserved pattern within the genus, with six CMA+ bands in all species. The metric values of the chromosomes of the species under study indicated a small chromosomal complement length, wherein the smallest chromosome size was 0.3 µm in P. grandiflorum and the largest was 3.5 µm in P. tomentosum. The different chromosome numbers, as well as some floral and fruit morphological characteristics can be used for taxonomic separation of the three Pseudobombax species under study Pseudobombax, thus revealing the existence of a new species for the genus
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal

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Dugan, Sandra [Verfasser], i Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Arnold. "Untersuchung der Ultraschallabsorption in ermüdungsbeanspruchten Werkstoffen mittels Laserultraschall / Sandra Dugan. Betreuer: Walter Arnold". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1052557554/34.

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Zachovajevienė, Brigita. "Dubens dugno, diafragmos ir liemens raumenų funkcinių ryšių ir jų kaitos įvertinimas vyrams po radikalios prostatektomijos". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130508_082155-84143.

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Dubens dugno raumenų aktyvinimas yra labai specifinis: dėl minėtų raumenų lokalizacijos pacientams yra sudėtinga įsivaizduoti, suprasti bei pajausti jų susitraukimą ir atliekamą funkciją. Kitas apsunkinantis veiksnys yra tas, kad daugumai pacientų dubens dugno raumenys asocijuojasi su intymumu ir lytiniu gyvenimu, ir jie vengia bei gėdisi spręsti šią problemą. Kita vertus, specialistams, dirbantiems su asmenimis, nelaikančiais šlapimo, sudėtinga įvertinti teisingą dubens dugno raumenų susitraukimą bei atliekamų pratimų efektyvumą. Šie apribojimai ir skatino ieškoti alternatyvių šlapimo nelaikymo bei dubens dugno raumenų disfunkcijų sprendimo būdų, įrodant egzistuojančius tiriamųjų raumenų funkcinius ryšius, jų poveikį funkciniams vyrų rodikliams po radikalios prostatektomijos. Šiame darbe taikant atskirų raumenų grupių aktyvinimą ir vertinant tiriamų raumenų fizinius rodiklius buvo ieškoma funkcinių sąsajų tarp dubens dugno, diafragmos ir liemens raumenų. Tikimasi, kad šio tyrimo rezultatai, išvados ir parengtos praktinės klinikinės rekomendacijos bus naudingos visiems reabilitacijos srities specialistams įvairiuose paciento gydymo etapuose, gydytojams urologams bei ginekologams, tiesiogiai susiduriančiais su asmenimis, turinčiais dubens dugno raumenų disfunkcijas. Sudarytos namų programos padės pacientams spręsti ne tik su šlapimo nelaikymu susijusias problemas, bet ir bus profilaktinė priemonė asmenims, esantiems padidintos rizikos grupėje.
Activation of pelvic floor muscles is extremely specific: due to the localization of the mentioned muscles, it is difficult for the patients to visualize, understand and feel the contraction and performed function. Another puzzling factor is the fact that many patients associate pelvic floor muscles with intimacy and sexual life and, therefore, try to avoid and are embarrassed to solve the problem. On the other hand, specialists working with patients with urinary incontinence find it difficult to evaluate a proper contraction of pelvic floor muscles and efficiency of performed exercises. These limitations have stimulated search for alternative solutions for urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscles dysfunctions with the aim to prove existing functional relations between the studied muscles as well as their influence on the functional characteristics in men after radical prostatectomy. This particular thesis was aimed at finding functional associations between pelvic floor, diaphragm, and trunk muscles by applying activation of separate muscle groups and evaluating physical parameters of the studied muscles. It is expected that the results, conclusions, and prepared practical clinical recommendations of this research will be of use for all rehabilitation specialists in various stages of treatment, as well as for doctors urologists and gynaecologists, who deal directly with individuals possessing pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions.

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Lapinskaitė, Loreta. "Diafragmos, skersinio pilvo ir dubens dugno raumenų funkciniai ryšiai ir jų kaita po gimdos šalinimo operacijos". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130613_144411-18873.

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Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti diafragmos, skersinio pilvo ir dubens dugno raumenų funkcinius ryšius ir jų kaitą moterims po gimdos šalinimo operacijos. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti skersinio pilvo raumens aktyvumą ir ištvermę prieš ir po gimdos šalinimo operacijos kontrolinėje ir skersinio pilvo raumens lavinimo grupėje ir tarp jų. 2. Įvertinti diafragmos aktyvumą prieš ir po gimdos šalinimo operacijos kontrolinėje ir skersinio pilvo raumens lavinimo grupėje ir tarp jų; 3. Įvertinti dubens dugno raumenų jėgą ir ištvermę prieš ir po gimdos šalinimo operacijos kontrolinėje ir skersinio pilvo raumens lavinimo grupėje ir tarp jų. Tyrimo kontingentas ir metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo savanorės moterys, kurioms planuota gimdos šalinimo operacija. Jos atsitiktine tvarka buvo suskirstytos į dvi grupes: kontrolinę grupę (n=17), kurioje poveikis netaikytas, ir skersinio pilvo raumens lavinimo grupę (n=15), kurioje skirti skersinio pilvo raumens lavinimo pratimai. Diafragmos aktyvumas tirtas kvėpavimo slėgio matuokliu “MicroRPM“, dubens dugno raumenų jėga ir ištvermė – „Peritron 9300“ aparatu, o skersinio pilvo raumens aktyvumas ir ištvermė – Stabilizer“ prietaisu dieną prieš gimdos šalinimo operaciją ir praėjus šešioms savaitėms bei trims mėnesiams po jos. Išvados: 1. Po gimdos šalinimo operacijos, nelavinant skersinio pilvo raumens, jo aktyvumas ir ištvermė mažėja ir didžiausias mažėjimas stebimas šeštą savaitę po operacijos. Lavinant skersinį pilvo raumenį, jo jėga didėja tolygiai visu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Research aim: To evaluate functional relations and their changes between diaphragm, transversus abdominis and pelvic floor muscles after hysterectomy. Objectives of study: 1.To evaluate an activity, endurance of transversus abdominis muscle in control group, transversus abdominis muscle training group and between these groups before and after hysterectomy. 2.To evaluate an activity of diaphragm muscle in control group, transversus abdominis muscle training group and between these groups before and after hysterectomy. 3.To evaluate strength and endurance of pelvic floor muscles in control group, transversus abdominis muscle training group and between these groups before and after hysterectomy. Contingent and methods of the study: All investigative women were divided randomly into two training groups: control (n=17), and transversus abdominis muscle (n=15). The strength of diaphragm was estimated with “MicroRPM“, pelvic floor muscles strength and endurance – „Peritron 9300“ device, and the activity and strength of transversus abdominis muscles was assessed with „Stabilizer“ one day before the operation of hysterectomy, six weeks and three months after it. Conclusions: 1.If there is no training of transversus abdominis muscle after uterus removal surgery, its activity and endurance decreases and the largest decrease is observed in the sixth week after surgery. While the transversus abdominis muscle is trained, its strength increases progressively all postoperative period and... [to full text]

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Bengtsson, Håkan. "En resa över havet : en studie av stockbåtens användning inom Erteböllekulturen med ett fokus på Tybrind Vig och Stralsund". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69828.

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Log-boats within the Ertebölle culture have had a broad use in the society. From social usesas transport and communication devises to economical uses within hunting and fishing. Thelog-boats have been quite large, larger than log-boats in later periods. With a length of up to 10 meters and a width of 0,5-1 meter the log-boat have been big enough to carry a family andthere gear along the cost. Even though the long and narrow shape of the log-boat have made them mostly suitable for calm and shallow water they have still aloud the people of theErtebölle culture to cross major waters such as the sound between Denmark and Sweden.

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Bulut, Bilge. "Betrayal In Under Western Eyes By Joseph Conrad, The Painted Veil By Somerset Maugham, And Bir Dugun Gecesi By Adalet Agaoglu". Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611311/index.pdf.

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This study examines the theme of betrayal in three different literary works.Betrayal is seen in different forms in the three novels. In the first chapter of the thesis, the protagonist&rsquo
s betrayal to his friend in the English writer Joseph Conrad&rsquo
s Under Western Eyes is evaluated in terms of the reasons, process, and results. Psychological analysis of the character that betrays is made. In the second chapter adultery is examined in The Painted Veil by Somerset Maugham, who is another English writer. The reasons for the adultery the woman commits, her guilty conscience after the adultery, and the enlightenment process are discussed. In the third chapter, two characters&rsquo
betrayal to their ideology is examined with the background set as Turkey in the 1970s in Bir Dü
gü
n Gecesi by Adalet Agaoglu, who is a Turkish writer. Psychological status of the characters is studied based on their feelings at a wedding night with their reasons to have deviated from their political views.Themes such as lack of love and dilemma, which collect the three novels under the same title, are particularly examined.

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Umland, Andreas. "Post-Soviet 'Uncivil Society' and the rise of Aleksandr Dugin : a case study of the extraparliamentary radical right in contemporary Russia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611980.

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Andrén, Ingrid Lindgren. "Inte ett dugg eller bara nästan inte : en korpusanalys av kollokationer med partikeln vůbec i tjeckiskan". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Slaviska språk, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-180831.

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I den här undersökningen studeras hur den tjeckiska partikeln vůbec används i kollokationer där den ursprungliga absoluta betydelsen begränsas. De ord som undersökts i kombination med vůbec är skoro, téměř, málem, takřka och bezmála, som alla kan översättas med ’nästan’. Studien har gjorts i två subkorpusar till den tjeckiska nationalkorpusen, SYN 2015 och ORAL v1, och har inom tidsramen 1990–2014 undersökt frekvensen av de angivna kollokationerna och eventuella tendenser till ökning eller minskning i användningen. Den första korpusen, SYN, omfattar skriven tjeckiska och den andra, ORAL, tjeckiskt talspråk. Undersökningen bygger på relativa frekvenser av förekomster vilket möjliggjort jämförelser mellan de båda korpusarna, och därmed mellan skriven och talad tjeckiska. Studien visar att vůbec är ett vanligt förekommande ord i tjeckiskt språkbruk och i synnerhet i det talade språket. Den totala användningen av vůbec separat är ungefär tre gånger större i talspråket än i skriftspråket. Det omvända gäller för de ordkombinationer som har betydelsen ’nästan inte alls’. De är i stället mer frekventa i skriftspråket. Tendenser till ökning eller minskning har med det valda underlaget inte kunnat påvisas.

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Friberg, John. "Måtte allt det gå i uppfyllelse som jag ständigt har i tankarna, att du skall bli en duglig man och göra vår familj heder : En historiedidaktisk undersökning kring Raoul Wallenberg och hans minne". Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31143.

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Hur ser användandet av Raoul Wallenbergs minne ut? Hur, var, när och varför är de frågor som ställs gällande användandet av hans minne. I den här studien undersöks hur eftervärlden har använt Raoul Wallenbergs minne. Metoden är av det kvalitativa slaget och bygger på att undersöka relaterad information kring artefakter av Wallenberg för att kunna besvara studiens frågeställningar. Som hjälp för studiens undersökning och analys har Jörn Rüsens, och framför allt Anders Dybelius teoretiska perspektiv används. Det bygger främst på den tematisering av begreppet historiekultur som Rüsen gjort, och som Dybelius satt i ett empiriskt sammanhang. Det visade sig att Wallenbergs personlighet och egenskaper var väldigt centrala för användandet av hans minne. Användandet uppstod främst under tidigt 80-tal i USA och gav Wallenberg en internationell berömmelse. Det var startskottet för användandet av hans minne. Sedan dess har intresset kring honom ökat och idag är han erkänd som en stor hjälte, och kämpe för mänskliga rättigheter.

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Shumi, Dugo Girma [Verfasser], i Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Woody plant biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in the forest-agriculture mosaic of southwestern Ethiopia / Girma Shumi Dugo ; Betreuer: Jörn Fischer". Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1195215835/34.

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Shumi, Dugo Girma Verfasser], i Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] [Fischer. "Woody plant biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in the forest-agriculture mosaic of southwestern Ethiopia / Girma Shumi Dugo ; Betreuer: Jörn Fischer". Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:luen4-opus-145707.

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Peterson, Jon Richard. "“An Evil Empire”: The Rhetorical Rearmament of Ronald Reagan". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273107940.

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Vesna, Mijatović. "Procena kardiološke bezbednosti pri primeni metadona u supstitucionoj terapiji zavisnika od opijata". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=87273&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Metadon je sintetski agonist opijatnih receptora koji se primenjuje u sklopu supstitucione terapije opijatnih zavisnika metadonom (STM) i u terapiji hroničnog bola. Dugoročna primena STM je praćena blagim, uglavnom prolaznim, neželjenim delovanjima. Međutim, metadon pripada grupi lekova koji mogu da prouzrokuju prolongaciju korigovanog QT intervala (QTc) u elektrokardiogramu (EKG-u) i povećaju rizik za nastanak potencijalno fatalnih aritmija tipa torsades de pointes. Opijatni zavisnici metadon najčešće koriste u kombinaciji sa benzodiazepinima, i ova kombinacija lekova predstavlja faktor rizika za nastanak smrtnog ishoda. Iako je najveći broj lekara upoznat sa rizikom za razvoj respiratorne depresije prilikom primene opijata u kombinacji sa benzodiazepinima, velika studija otkriva da su ventrikularne aritmije i srčani zastoj najčešće prijavljivana neželjena delovanja metadona, primenjenog u kombinaciji sa benzodiazepinima. Ciljevi ovoga radu su da se analizom smrtnih slučajeva povezanih sa upotrebom metadona (MRDs) tokom desetogodišnjeg perioda na teritoriji Vojvodine i sprovođenjem kliničkog ispitivanja kod opijatnih zavisnika na STM proceni kardiološka bezbednost primene metadona, posebno u kombinaciji sa benzodiazepinima. Sprovedena je retrospektivna studija za određivanje karakteristika MRDs na teritoriji Vojvodine, kao i kliničko ispitivanje u kome su učestvovali opijatni zavisnici koji počinju sa STM. Snimanje EKG-a (za izračunavanje QTc intervala) i uzorkovanje krvi (za određivanje koncentracije metadona i diazepama i vrednosti troponina) je sprovedeno kod svih učesnika istraživanja u 5 vremenskih tačaka (pre početka primene STM, 8. i 15. dana i nakon 1. i 6. meseca primene STM). Koncentracije metadona i diazepama u serumu su određivane metodom tečne hromatografije sa masenom spektrometrijom (LC-MS). U Vojvodini je zapažena rastuća tendencija MRDs, ali ni jedan od umrlih nije bio na STM, i najverovatnije su samoinicijativno koristili metadon i benzodiazepine. Patohistološki nalaz na srcu može govoriti u prilog kardiotoksičnosti metadona i njegove kombinacije sa benzodiazepinima, pogotovo kod slučajeva sa pronađenim akutnim miokardijalnim oštećenjem. Što se tiče hroničnih promena na srcu, ne postoji mogućnosti da se potvrdi niti opovrgne uloga psihostimulanasa. Detektovane koncentracije metadona i diazepama kod MRDs su bile u opsegu terapijskih (<1 μg/ml). Poredeći socio-demografske karakteristike opijatnih zavisnika koji su počeli sa STM u ovom istraživanju sa podacima iz sličnih studija sprovedenih širom sveta, zapažena je sličnost u pogledu velikog broja karakteristika. Srednje doze metadona 8., 15. dana i nakon 1. i 6. meseca primene STM su bile 40,23±17,11 mg, 47,11±16,79 mg, 50,00±17,55 mg i 78,63±18,14 mg, dok su srednje doze diazepama u istim vremenskim tačkama bile 35,92±10,47 mg, 33,89±9,23 mg, 28,33±11,55 mg i 28,12±11,67 mg. Srednje koncentracije metadona su u posmatranim tačkama ispitivanja iznosile 153,44±111,51 ng/ml, 157,43±112,39 ng/ml, 176,77±118,56 ng/ml i 342,86±181,54 ng/ml, dok su srednje koncentracije diazepama bile 923,00±537,89 ng/ml, 923,76±739,96 ng/ml, 560,74±436,72 ng/ml i 1045,32±932,72 ng/ml. Dužina QTc intervala pre primene STM je bila 411,87±27,22 ms, tj. 414,64±29,38 ms 8. dana STM, 416,97±26,39 15. dana, i 425,20±17,71 ms nakon 1. meseca tj. 423,50±14,72 ms nakon 6. meseca primene STM. Pokazan je statistički značajan porast dužine QTc intervala nakon 1. i nakon 6. meseca primene STM u odnosu na vrednost pre primene STM, kako u grupi svih ispitanika, tako i u podgrupi muškog pola. Pokazano je postojanje statistički značajne korelacije između koncentracije metadona i dužine QTc intervala nakon 15. dana, 1. i 6. meseca primene STM, kako kod svih ispitanika, tako i u podgrupi muškog pola. Ova korelacija ostaje statistički značajna i ukoliko se uključe i drugi faktori – koncentracija diazepama i dužina perioda upotrebe heroina, kod svih ispitanika i u podgrupi muškog pola nakon 15 dana i mesec dana primene STM, kao i u podgrupi muškog pola nakon 6. meseca STM. Iako nijedan pacijent nije prijavio neko neželjeno delovanje metadona na nivou kardiovaskularnog sistema, najveći broj pacijenata oba pola se nakon prvog meseca primene STM žalio na pojačano znojenje i opstipaciju. Koncentracije metadona i diazepama u uzorcima krvi kod MRDs se nalaze u rasponu koncentracija ovih lekova u krvi ispitanika koji su učestvovali u prospektivnoj studiji. Trećina umrlih je imala samo znake akutnog oštećenja srca, dok do porasta troponina i vrednosti QTc intervala preko 500 ms nije došlo ni kod jednog ispitanika iz prospektivne studije. Potrebno je sprovesti dalja istraživanja sa ciljem razjašnjenja moguće uloge benzodiazepina u povećanju kardiotoksičnosti metadona kod opijatnih zavisnika na STM.
Methadone is a synthetic agonist of opioid receptors which is used in methadone maintenance tratment (MMT) of opiate addicts as well as in the treatment of chronic pain. A long-term use of MMT is followed by mild, mostly transient, adverse effects. However, methadone belongs to a group of medicines which can provoke a prolongation of QTc (corrected QT) interval in electrocardiogram (ECG) and thus increase the risk from the development of potentially fatal arrhythmias – torsades de pointes. Moreover, methadone is widely associated with benzodiazepines use in heroin addicts, and this combination is considered as a risk factor for lethal outcome. Despite the fact that most of health care professionals are aware of possible respiratory depressant effect of methadone and benzodiazepines co-administration, recently published data reveal that ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest are currently the most frequent adverse event attributed to methadone and benzodiazepine co-medication. The aim of this study is to assess cardiac safety of methadone use, especially in combination with benzodiazepines, by analyzing characteristics of methadone-related deaths (MRDs) during 10-year period as well as by conducting a clinical trial among opiate addicts in MMT. A retrospective study to determine the characteristics of MRDs in Vojvodina, as well as a clinical trial in which participated opiate addicts at the start of MMT were performed. ECG (to calculate QTc interval) and blood sampling (to determine methadone and diazepam concentrations and troponin values) were performed in all study participants at five time points (before the introduction of MMT, on 8th, on 15th day, after 1 and 6 months of MMT). Methadone and diazepam concentrations in serum were determined by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). An increasing tendency of MRDs was observed in the region of Vojvodina, but none of the victims were under healthcare professionals’ control, and, most commonly, they used methadone and benzodiazepines, on their own initiative. Pathohistological findings in the heart in MRDs might support cardiac adverse effects of methadone and its combination with benzodiazepines, especially in cases with acute myocardial damage. As for the chronic heart changes, we can neither confirm nor exclude the role of psychostimulants. Detected concentrations of methadone and diazepam were in therapeutic range (<1 μg/ml). Comparing socio-demographic characteristics of opiate addicts who started with MMT in this study with data from similar studies conducted worldwide, the similarity in terms of large number of features was observed. The mean methadone dose on the 8th, 15th days, and after 1 and 6 months of MMT was 40.23±17.11 mg, 47.11±16.79 mg, 50.00±17.55 mg and 78.63±18.14 mg, respectively, while the mean diazepam dose at the same time points was 35.92±10.47 mg, 33.89±9.23 mg, 28.33±11.55 mg and 28.12±11.67 mg, respectively. The mean methadone concentration at observed time points was 153.44±111.51 ng/ml, 157.43±112.39 ng/ml, 176.77±118.56 ng/ml and 342.86±181.54 ng/ml, respectively, while the mean diazepam concentration was 923.00±537.89 ng/ml, 923.76±739.96 ng/ml, 560.74±436.72 ng/ml and 1045.32±932.72 ng/ml, respectively. The length of QTc interval before the introduction of MMT was 411.87±27.22 ms, 414.64±29.38 ms on the 8th day of MMT, 416.97±26.39 on the 15th day of MMT, after 1 month of MMT 425.20±17.71 ms and after 6 months of MMT 423.50±14.72 ms. There was a statistically significant increase in the length of QTc interval after 1 and 6 months of MMT in comparison to the value before the application of MMT, within the whole group of patients and in the subgroup of men. A statistically significant correlation between the concentration of methadone and QTc interval length after 15 days, 1 and 6 months of MMT, both in the whole group and in the subroup of men was observed. The correlation remained statistically significant if the other factors, such as concentration of diazepam and the length of heroin use, were included, in all patients and in the subgroup of men after 15 days and one month of MMT as well as in the subgroup of men after 6 months of MMT. Although none of the patients reported any cardiac adverse effect of methadone, the majority of them complained of sweating and constipation after the first month of MMT. Concentrations of methadone and diazepam in blood samples in MRDs were within the range of concentrations of these drugs in blood of patients who participated in the prospective study. In one third of MRDs only signs of acute myocardial damage were detected, while an increase in troponin values and the length of QTc interval over 500 ms did not occur in any patient in the prospective study. Further studies could clarify the possible role of benzodiazepines in the increasing cardiotoxicity of methadone in opiate addicts in MMT.

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Berisha, Sanije, i Sara Wittrin. "”Att tycka synd om de här barnen gagnar dom inte ett dugg” : en kvalitativ studie om barn som bevittnat våld i hemmet och deras särskilda behov av stöd". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal University College, Department of Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-358.

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Melin, Kristina. "A New Russian Idea? : Neo-Eurasianist Ideas in the Russian Presidential Addressesto the Federal Assembly 2014 – 2016". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318650.

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This essay aims to determine the prevalence of Neo-Eurasianist ideas in the Russian official political discourse be examining the Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly 2014, 2015 and 2016. Neo-Eurasianism is understood as a political ideology encompassing narratives, norms and policy suggestions. The study is conducted in two steps. Firstly, it interprets Neo-Eurasianism as conveyed by Aleksandr Dugin and develops an analytical scheme based on his ideas. Secondly, the prevalence of Neo-Eurasianist ideas in the Russian Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly 2014, 2015 and 2016 is thematically analysed within the established analytical framework. The study affirms a limited presence of Neo-Eurasianist ideas in the material. Normative notions concerning cultural plurality, a multipolar world order and Russia’s role in the world are present, whereas the underlying assumptions and subsequent policy suggestions cannot be fully affirmed. Contrary, Putin at occasion enacts the Neo-Eurasianist normative notions to articulate other policy suggestions than what Dugin’s ideas prescribe, e.g. counter-terrorism measures. This suggests that the Neo-Eurasianist discourse is used as a rationale to legitimize regime policies, a conclusion that has been drawn in previous studies as well. Regardless of motive, Neo-Eurasianist ideas seem to have taken a limited, but firm, hold in Russian official political discourse.

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Tikel, Daniela. "Using a genetic approach to optimise dugong (Dugong dugon) conservation management". Thesis, 1997. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/28125/1/28125-tikel-1997-thesis.pdf.

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Distributed throughout the coastal tropical and sub tropical waters of the Indo-west Pacific, the dugong (Dugong dugon) is considered rare over much of its range and listed by the IUCN (1996) as 'vulnerable to extinction'. The largest numbers of dugongs are believed to occur in Australian waters. The main threats to dugong numbers are anthropogenic activities, such as accidental netting, habitat deterioration and Indigenous hunting. The primary objective of this study is to recognise intraspecific genetic subdivision for dugong management. Complementing ecological studies, these findings have immediate and practical relevance to the conservation management of the dugong. Genetic material was sampled from various types of dugong tissue including skin, muscle, bone, and their faeces. Advances upon established sampling approaches for marine mammals include a biopsy system tailored to dugongs and the extraction, amplification and sequencing of dugong DNA from their faeces. Samples from approximately 250 dugongs were collected by carcass salvage, from dugongs hunted by Indigenous peoples, and by remote sampling of free ranging dugongs. Not all the samples collected were analysed, mainly because of low sample quality. From dugong samples collected from Australia (n=92), West Indian Ocean (n=4) and Asia (n=7), three genetic markers were investigated: the cytochrome b gene and control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and microsatellites. Cytochrome b proved to contain insufficient variation for an interpopulation comparison, whereas a block of DNA sequence (194 bases), positioned 5' in the control region of mtDNA, was identified as suitable for interpopulation comparison because of its high variation. A substantial foundation for the development of microsatellite markers for future research was established by this study. In addition to recognising a six base repeat located 3' in the control region of mtDNA, five GT-AC imperfect microsatellites were sequenced from a dugong genome library. The application of microsatellites was not developed further than their location and characterisation. The hypervariable region 1 of mtDNA was sequenced for a total of 103 dugongs, as well as in an outgroup, the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Among the dugong sequences, 39 variable sites and 37 haplotypes (specific DNA sequences) were found. Phylogenetic trees constructed from the mtDNA haplotypes showed three clusters: West Australian, East Australian and Asian. These haplotype clusters suggest that Asian and East Australian dugongs are more closely related to each other than either group is to the West Australian dugongs. Surprisingly, haplotypes of West Indian Ocean dugongs are extremely similar to the haplotypes of dugongs from East Australia despite their large geographical separation. This suggests that the West Indian Ocean and East Australian dugongs shared a more recent ancestor compared to the Asian or West Australian dugongs. The geographical range of the Asian mtDNA haplotypes does not overlap with the Australian haplotypes. The two Australian mtDNA haplotype clusters overlap geographically in the Great Barrier Reef region. The intraspecific genetic partitioning of dugong populations from Australia, Asia, and the West Indian Ocean, can be partly explained in terms of historical geography. The distinction of the two Australian mtDNA haplotype clusters may be attributed to the Torres Strait (land bridge) acting as a periodic barrier to dugong movements during the Pleistocene low sea level phases. It is of particular interest to management that West Australian haplotypes have such a limited spread to the south and east Australian dugong range. Similarly, East Australian haplotypes do not extend north and west along the Australian coast beyond Torres Strait. Considering the dugong's potential for dispersal, the spread of the two Australian haplotype clusters is remarkably limited. Dugongs have a high intraspecific genetic diversity (average nucleotide diversity = 3.425, and haplotypic diversity = 0.766), and a rate of evolution (suggested to be 2% per Myr per lineage for the HVR-l) that is comparable to most land mammals. The suggested low level of female mediated gene flow between neighbouring populations indicates that successful recolonisation of a depleted area may be extremely slow. For conservation management of the Australian dugong, populations should be treated as distinct units with some degree of overlap. To maintain continuity among these populations, and to preserve the existing high intraspecific genetic diversity, management initiatives should be directed at limiting further fragmentation of the dugongs' range.

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42

Hodgson, Amanda Jane. "Dugong behaviour and responses to human influences". Thesis, 2004. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/73/1/01front.pdf.

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Knowledge of the behavioural ecology of a species is important for the development of conservation initiatives. With an understanding of how behaviour has evolved under given environmental and phylogenic constraints, it is possible to predict the response of a population to novel circumstances such as anthropogenic disturbance. Little is known about many aspects of the behaviour of dugongs (Dugong dugon). This species is difficult to observe as dugongs are benthic feeders, usually occurring in turbid waters. They tend to be wary of boats or divers and individuals cannot easily be distinguished. As dugongs occur in shallow, coastal waters, they are particularly vulnerable to human impacts; however, these impacts have not previously been quantified through direct observations of dugong behaviour. To overcome the difficulties in observing dugongs, I developed a blimp-cam, which allowed me to video dugongs from a blimp tethered to my research vessel. The use of the blimp-cam was facilitated by selecting Moreton Bay, Queensland, as my study site, where dugongs are readily located in clear, shallow waters. I used this technology to obtain baseline information about dugong behaviour, and investigated the function of the large herds persistently formed by dugongs in Moreton Bay. I then observed the response of dugongs to boats and pingers (acoustic alarms used on fishing nets to reduce marine mammal bycatch) to determine the risk of boat strikes and effects of disturbance from these two sound sources. At a height of 50m the blimp-cam provided an overhead view of dugongs at water depths of up to 4m, and distances of up to 200 m via a monitor on board the research vessel. Using a remote control, I could scan large herds of dugongs or continually observe individuals. Through focal follows of individual dugongs I developed an ethogram and a daily time budget for dugongs in Moreton Bay. Dugongs spent most of their time feeding (41%), travelling (32%), and surfacing (ascending to, and descending from, surface, 18%), and relatively little time resting (7%), socialising (6%) or rolling (1%). Environmental variables accounted for little of the variability in the proportion of time dugongs spent in each behavioural category. Time budgets did not differ significantly between single individuals and mothers with calves. However, mothers spent significantly more time feeding and surfacing, and less time travelling than their calves. Calves were observed suckling for mean bout lengths of 87 s. The mean submergence time for all individuals was 75 s, but was significantly shorter for calves (72 s) in comparison to their mothers (82 s). Submergence times were not affected by depth (< or ≥ 1.5 m), but were affected by behaviour. Dugongs spent 3.5% of the day resting at the surface of the water, during which time they are particularly vulnerable to boat strike. Mother-calf pairs appear most vulnerable to boat strike because they spend more time near the surface than single individuals. Calves are especially vulnerable as they rise or submerge by crossing onto their mother’s back during a quarter of their dives, and spent 13% of their time travelling and resting over their mothers’ back. I found that individual dugongs spent significantly more time feeding while in large, dense herds than when in smaller groups or scattered, suggesting that these herds are formed primarily to facilitate feeding. Dugongs did not seek large herds for resting, and calves were less likely to be surrounded by dugongs other than their mothers, than single individuals. These observations suggest that dugongs do not shelter in herds when most vulnerable to shark attack, and that herds are unlikely to have a predatory defence function. Herd structure was fluid, with individuals changing nearest neighbours after an average of 1 min, and showing no obvious preference for nearest neighbour type (single individual or mother-calf pair). Thus there was no evidence of a social function for these herds. My results support the theory that seagrass distribution and seasonality, sediment type, a lack of other disturbance of seagrass beds, and a yearround presence of dugongs on the Moreton Banks facilitate cultivation grazing. Observations of the response of dugongs to boats passing opportunistically provided information on the risk of boat strikes. Unlike controlled passes which were restricted to the below-planing speed limit of the study area, independent boats were often travelling above this limit. Only boats travelling above planing speed were observed passing directly over the top of dugongs. I hypothesise that the distance of the flight threshold for dugongs remains constant regardless of boat speed. Thus the speed of an approaching boat determines the time dugongs have to evade the boat, and speed is the main factor affecting the risk of boat strikes. Controlled experiments were conducted to determine the effects of boats on dugong behaviour. The behaviour of focal dugongs during a 4.5 min time sample was not significantly affected by whether there was a boat passing, the number of consecutive passes made (1 to 5 passes), or whether the pass was continuous or included a stop and restart during the pass. During the subsurface interval of the focal dugong that corresponded with the control boat’s closest approach time, the travel distance, travel direction and subsurface time were not correlated with the boat’s approach distance. However, during this subsurface interval dugongs were less likely to remain feeding if the boat passed within 50 m than if it passed at a greater distance. Mass movements of dugong feeding herds in response to boats were obvious but only lasted an average of 122 sec. These movements occurred in response to boats passing at all speeds, and at distances of less than 50 m to over 500 m. Relatively low levels of boat traffic in Moreton Bay in winter mean that a maximum 0.8 – 6% of feeding time may be interrupted by boats. However, if the number of boats registered in Queensland continues to increase at the current rate, the rate of disturbance is likely to increase. The response of dugongs to pingers was tested to determine whether these alarms may prevent dugongs from using important habitat areas. An array of two 10kHz ‘BASA’ pingers did not cause an observable response by dugongs. There was no significant difference in the rate of dugong movement away from the focal arena surrounding the pingers, orientation of the dugongs, or the presence or absence of feeding plumes, while the pingers were active compared to when inactive. The observed responses suggest that boat strikes are currently a bigger threat to dugongs than disturbance from boats or pingers, and support speed restrictions for boats in areas commonly used by dugongs. My results also reflect the need for detailed risk assessments to be conducted in areas where dugong habitat overlaps with areas of high boat traffic, and prior to future developments that will increase boat traffic. Further studies that build on the fundamental knowledge of dugong behaviour gained through this research will provide an understanding of human impacts in a wide range of habitats and aid in developing appropriate anthropogenic mortality targets for dugongs.

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43

Hodgson, Amanda Jane. "Dugong behaviour and responses to human influences". 2004. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/73/1/01front.pdf.

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Knowledge of the behavioural ecology of a species is important for the development of conservation initiatives. With an understanding of how behaviour has evolved under given environmental and phylogenic constraints, it is possible to predict the response of a population to novel circumstances such as anthropogenic disturbance. Little is known about many aspects of the behaviour of dugongs (Dugong dugon). This species is difficult to observe as dugongs are benthic feeders, usually occurring in turbid waters. They tend to be wary of boats or divers and individuals cannot easily be distinguished. As dugongs occur in shallow, coastal waters, they are particularly vulnerable to human impacts; however, these impacts have not previously been quantified through direct observations of dugong behaviour. To overcome the difficulties in observing dugongs, I developed a blimp-cam, which allowed me to video dugongs from a blimp tethered to my research vessel. The use of the blimp-cam was facilitated by selecting Moreton Bay, Queensland, as my study site, where dugongs are readily located in clear, shallow waters. I used this technology to obtain baseline information about dugong behaviour, and investigated the function of the large herds persistently formed by dugongs in Moreton Bay. I then observed the response of dugongs to boats and pingers (acoustic alarms used on fishing nets to reduce marine mammal bycatch) to determine the risk of boat strikes and effects of disturbance from these two sound sources. At a height of 50m the blimp-cam provided an overhead view of dugongs at water depths of up to 4m, and distances of up to 200 m via a monitor on board the research vessel. Using a remote control, I could scan large herds of dugongs or continually observe individuals. Through focal follows of individual dugongs I developed an ethogram and a daily time budget for dugongs in Moreton Bay. Dugongs spent most of their time feeding (41%), travelling (32%), and surfacing (ascending to, and descending from, surface, 18%), and relatively little time resting (7%), socialising (6%) or rolling (1%). Environmental variables accounted for little of the variability in the proportion of time dugongs spent in each behavioural category. Time budgets did not differ significantly between single individuals and mothers with calves. However, mothers spent significantly more time feeding and surfacing, and less time travelling than their calves. Calves were observed suckling for mean bout lengths of 87 s. The mean submergence time for all individuals was 75 s, but was significantly shorter for calves (72 s) in comparison to their mothers (82 s). Submergence times were not affected by depth (< or ≥ 1.5 m), but were affected by behaviour. Dugongs spent 3.5% of the day resting at the surface of the water, during which time they are particularly vulnerable to boat strike. Mother-calf pairs appear most vulnerable to boat strike because they spend more time near the surface than single individuals. Calves are especially vulnerable as they rise or submerge by crossing onto their mother’s back during a quarter of their dives, and spent 13% of their time travelling and resting over their mothers’ back. I found that individual dugongs spent significantly more time feeding while in large, dense herds than when in smaller groups or scattered, suggesting that these herds are formed primarily to facilitate feeding. Dugongs did not seek large herds for resting, and calves were less likely to be surrounded by dugongs other than their mothers, than single individuals. These observations suggest that dugongs do not shelter in herds when most vulnerable to shark attack, and that herds are unlikely to have a predatory defence function. Herd structure was fluid, with individuals changing nearest neighbours after an average of 1 min, and showing no obvious preference for nearest neighbour type (single individual or mother-calf pair). Thus there was no evidence of a social function for these herds. My results support the theory that seagrass distribution and seasonality, sediment type, a lack of other disturbance of seagrass beds, and a yearround presence of dugongs on the Moreton Banks facilitate cultivation grazing. Observations of the response of dugongs to boats passing opportunistically provided information on the risk of boat strikes. Unlike controlled passes which were restricted to the below-planing speed limit of the study area, independent boats were often travelling above this limit. Only boats travelling above planing speed were observed passing directly over the top of dugongs. I hypothesise that the distance of the flight threshold for dugongs remains constant regardless of boat speed. Thus the speed of an approaching boat determines the time dugongs have to evade the boat, and speed is the main factor affecting the risk of boat strikes. Controlled experiments were conducted to determine the effects of boats on dugong behaviour. The behaviour of focal dugongs during a 4.5 min time sample was not significantly affected by whether there was a boat passing, the number of consecutive passes made (1 to 5 passes), or whether the pass was continuous or included a stop and restart during the pass. During the subsurface interval of the focal dugong that corresponded with the control boat’s closest approach time, the travel distance, travel direction and subsurface time were not correlated with the boat’s approach distance. However, during this subsurface interval dugongs were less likely to remain feeding if the boat passed within 50 m than if it passed at a greater distance. Mass movements of dugong feeding herds in response to boats were obvious but only lasted an average of 122 sec. These movements occurred in response to boats passing at all speeds, and at distances of less than 50 m to over 500 m. Relatively low levels of boat traffic in Moreton Bay in winter mean that a maximum 0.8 – 6% of feeding time may be interrupted by boats. However, if the number of boats registered in Queensland continues to increase at the current rate, the rate of disturbance is likely to increase. The response of dugongs to pingers was tested to determine whether these alarms may prevent dugongs from using important habitat areas. An array of two 10kHz ‘BASA’ pingers did not cause an observable response by dugongs. There was no significant difference in the rate of dugong movement away from the focal arena surrounding the pingers, orientation of the dugongs, or the presence or absence of feeding plumes, while the pingers were active compared to when inactive. The observed responses suggest that boat strikes are currently a bigger threat to dugongs than disturbance from boats or pingers, and support speed restrictions for boats in areas commonly used by dugongs. My results also reflect the need for detailed risk assessments to be conducted in areas where dugong habitat overlaps with areas of high boat traffic, and prior to future developments that will increase boat traffic. Further studies that build on the fundamental knowledge of dugong behaviour gained through this research will provide an understanding of human impacts in a wide range of habitats and aid in developing appropriate anthropogenic mortality targets for dugongs.

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44

Preen, Anthony Robert. "Interactions between dugongs and seagrasses in a subtropical environment /". 1992. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1086.

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45

Kwan, Donna. "Towards a sustainable indigenous fishery for dugongs in Torres Strait : a contribution of empirical data analysis and process". Thesis, 2002. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1376/25/JCU_1376_Kwan_2002_thesis.pdf.

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Given the globally threatened status of dugongs and the fact that Torres Strait supports the world's largest dugong population, there is international, national, regional and local interest in ensuring the sustainability of the Torres Strait traditional dugong fishery. This fishery is endorsed by the Torres Strait Treafy between Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study investigated, within a biological context, the major factors (i.e., those additional to biological) that determine sustainability of the traditional dugong fishery in Torres Strait. My thesis had the following specific aims: (1) To provide information relevant to the development of community-based management for the dugong fishery in Torres Strait by: describing and quantifying the major factors that affect hunting pattern, hunting effort, hunting success and harvest levels in the major dugong hunting community of Mabuiag Island, and estimating the life history parameters of Torres Strait dugongs at the time of my study, and (i) comparing them with parameters obtained from parallel studies of dugong life history and reproductive biology in order to gain insights into the factors influencing these aspects of dugong ecology, and (ii) incorporating them into population models to predict the natural rate of change in the size of the population in the absence of hunting mortality. (2) To assist in the development of community-based management in Torres Strait through contributing to capacity building by actively involving Torres Strait Islanders in my research and training them in the collection of catch statistics and biological samples from dugongs. The fieldwork for this project was undertaken primarily at Mabuiag Island between September 1997 and November 1999 inclusive. All data and specimens from 127 female and 51 male dugongs were collected from animals butchered for food by Torres Strait Islander hunters. Being able to live and work within the Mabuiag Island community provided me with the rare opportunity to develop a relationship with Islanders built upon the mutual trust, co-operation and commitment. Involving Islanders as active participants in my research allowed me to collect the valuable specimens on which my information is based. The active involvement of hunters and community members enhanced their development of a sound understanding of and trust in the information I obtained. By training Torres Strait Islanders as research assistants, 1 also increased the capacity of the community to actively participate in future research, monitoring and management programs for dugongs. This study provided the opportunity to identify the main factors which impact catch rates of dugongs by Islanders. Only four to five hunters were responsible for 79% and 75% of the 145 and 170 dugongs taken at Mabuiag lsland during March to October in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The magnitude of the dugong catch was influenced by ecological, economic environmental and social factors that affected the temporal and spatial nature of hunting effort and hunting success. When my results were compared with those of other studies using similar techniques, I showed that the age and size at sexual maturity and first reproduction, pregnancy rates of female dugongs and the sex ratio of their young exhibit considerable variability in both space and time. The age and size at sexual maturity and first reproduction of male dugongs exhibit similar variability. At Mabuiag lsland in 1997-99, female dugongs reached sexual maturity between six or seven and fourteen years and at body lengths of between 2.05 and 2.58 m. Male dugongs reached sexual maturity between four and thirteen years and at body lengths between 1.90 and 2.57 m. Calving intervals of adult female dugongs from Mabuiag lsland in 1998-99 ranged between 2.4 f s.e. 0.3 to 3.3 f s.e. 0.5 years. The parameters from Mabuiag lsland in 1997-98 are thus the lowest recorded for dugongs. At Mabuiag lsland in 1997-98, almost all sexually mature nulliparous females were either pregnant andlor lactating and the sex ratio of foetuses was 1:3 in favour of males. Variability in life history parameters such as age at sexual maturity and first reproduction, pregnancy rates and calving intervals in dugongs is likely to result from spatial and temporal variation in seagrass community composition and biomass. Thus, food quality and availability influence dugong population dynamics. When their seagrass food disappears as a result of episodic disturbance, some dugongs suspend breeding. It is likely that the effects of food supply on life history parameters and hence fecundity in dugongs includes both density dependent and density independent components. The gaps in the age composition of the catch from Mabuiag in 1997-99 together with the low pregnancy rates of animals caught in the Daru market at that time suggest that a seagrass dieback in Torres Strait in the late 1970s had significant effects on dugong recruitment. These links between seagrass food availability and dugong life history parameters have very important implications for management given the dugong's susceptibility to large-scale episodic losses of seagrass. Several findings in this study highlight that a regional approach to management will be required because the potential for episodic or longer-tern over-harvesting can be exacerbated in the event of a combination of: low dugong fecundity as a result of extensive seagrass dieback events such as that reported in the 1970s; movements of dugongs close to hunting communities to feed on intertidal seagrass in response to dieback of deepwater communities exacerbating high hunting pressure; increase in hunting pressure in response to reduction in important sources of income such as the cray fishery. Management coordinated at a regional scale must include the Northern Peninsula Area of Cape York and PNG. Management will need to build on established processes which incorporate Ailan Kast'om (the customary way of life of Torres Strait Islanders) and institutional structures in the Torres Strait region which include the: Torres Sfraif Treafy, Torres Sfraif Fisheries Acf (1984), Native Title and regional Islander initiatives such as MaSTERS (Marine Strategy for Torres Strait). A community-based management approach, which builds on the research processes, and the empirical information obtained in this study, has considerable potential to ensure that the Torres Strait dugong fishery is sustainable. The challenge now is to build on information and trust generated by this project by enabling Islanders to use these results to develop and implement appropriate management plans for their dugong resources.

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46

Kwan, Donna. "Towards a sustainable indigenous fishery for dugongs in Torres Strait : a contribution of empirical data analysis and process". 2002. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1376/1/01front.pdf.

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Given the globally threatened status of dugongs and the fact that Torres Strait supports the world's largest dugong population, there is international, national, regional and local interest in ensuring the sustainability of the Torres Strait traditional dugong fishery. This fishery is endorsed by the Torres Strait Treafy between Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study investigated, within a biological context, the major factors (i.e., those additional to biological) that determine sustainability of the traditional dugong fishery in Torres Strait. My thesis had the following specific aims: (1) To provide information relevant to the development of community-based management for the dugong fishery in Torres Strait by: describing and quantifying the major factors that affect hunting pattern, hunting effort, hunting success and harvest levels in the major dugong hunting community of Mabuiag Island, and estimating the life history parameters of Torres Strait dugongs at the time of my study, and (i) comparing them with parameters obtained from parallel studies of dugong life history and reproductive biology in order to gain insights into the factors influencing these aspects of dugong ecology, and (ii) incorporating them into population models to predict the natural rate of change in the size of the population in the absence of hunting mortality. (2) To assist in the development of community-based management in Torres Strait through contributing to capacity building by actively involving Torres Strait Islanders in my research and training them in the collection of catch statistics and biological samples from dugongs. The fieldwork for this project was undertaken primarily at Mabuiag Island between September 1997 and November 1999 inclusive. All data and specimens from 127 female and 51 male dugongs were collected from animals butchered for food by Torres Strait Islander hunters. Being able to live and work within the Mabuiag Island community provided me with the rare opportunity to develop a relationship with Islanders built upon the mutual trust, co-operation and commitment. Involving Islanders as active participants in my research allowed me to collect the valuable specimens on which my information is based. The active involvement of hunters and community members enhanced their development of a sound understanding of and trust in the information I obtained. By training Torres Strait Islanders as research assistants, 1 also increased the capacity of the community to actively participate in future research, monitoring and management programs for dugongs. This study provided the opportunity to identify the main factors which impact catch rates of dugongs by Islanders. Only four to five hunters were responsible for 79% and 75% of the 145 and 170 dugongs taken at Mabuiag lsland during March to October in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The magnitude of the dugong catch was influenced by ecological, economic environmental and social factors that affected the temporal and spatial nature of hunting effort and hunting success. When my results were compared with those of other studies using similar techniques, I showed that the age and size at sexual maturity and first reproduction, pregnancy rates of female dugongs and the sex ratio of their young exhibit considerable variability in both space and time. The age and size at sexual maturity and first reproduction of male dugongs exhibit similar variability. At Mabuiag lsland in 1997-99, female dugongs reached sexual maturity between six or seven and fourteen years and at body lengths of between 2.05 and 2.58 m. Male dugongs reached sexual maturity between four and thirteen years and at body lengths between 1.90 and 2.57 m. Calving intervals of adult female dugongs from Mabuiag lsland in 1998-99 ranged between 2.4 f s.e. 0.3 to 3.3 f s.e. 0.5 years. The parameters from Mabuiag lsland in 1997-98 are thus the lowest recorded for dugongs. At Mabuiag lsland in 1997-98, almost all sexually mature nulliparous females were either pregnant andlor lactating and the sex ratio of foetuses was 1:3 in favour of males. Variability in life history parameters such as age at sexual maturity and first reproduction, pregnancy rates and calving intervals in dugongs is likely to result from spatial and temporal variation in seagrass community composition and biomass. Thus, food quality and availability influence dugong population dynamics. When their seagrass food disappears as a result of episodic disturbance, some dugongs suspend breeding. It is likely that the effects of food supply on life history parameters and hence fecundity in dugongs includes both density dependent and density independent components. The gaps in the age composition of the catch from Mabuiag in 1997-99 together with the low pregnancy rates of animals caught in the Daru market at that time suggest that a seagrass dieback in Torres Strait in the late 1970s had significant effects on dugong recruitment. These links between seagrass food availability and dugong life history parameters have very important implications for management given the dugong's susceptibility to large-scale episodic losses of seagrass. Several findings in this study highlight that a regional approach to management will be required because the potential for episodic or longer-tern over-harvesting can be exacerbated in the event of a combination of: low dugong fecundity as a result of extensive seagrass dieback events such as that reported in the 1970s; movements of dugongs close to hunting communities to feed on intertidal seagrass in response to dieback of deepwater communities exacerbating high hunting pressure; increase in hunting pressure in response to reduction in important sources of income such as the cray fishery. Management coordinated at a regional scale must include the Northern Peninsula Area of Cape York and PNG. Management will need to build on established processes which incorporate Ailan Kast'om (the customary way of life of Torres Strait Islanders) and institutional structures in the Torres Strait region which include the: Torres Sfraif Treafy, Torres Sfraif Fisheries Acf (1984), Native Title and regional Islander initiatives such as MaSTERS (Marine Strategy for Torres Strait). A community-based management approach, which builds on the research processes, and the empirical information obtained in this study, has considerable potential to ensure that the Torres Strait dugong fishery is sustainable. The challenge now is to build on information and trust generated by this project by enabling Islanders to use these results to develop and implement appropriate management plans for their dugong resources.

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47

Nursey-Bray, Melissa. "Conflict to co-management : eating our words : towards socially just conservation of green turtles and dugongs in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia". Thesis, 2006. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1579/2/02whole.pdf.

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Indigenous communities worldwide face multiple challenges to maintain their unique cultural identity and value systems. In the natural resource management arena, these challenges include the imposition of western solutions to environmental management and biodiversity protection. This imposition has caused the dispossession or relocation of Indigenous peoples from their lands, a loss of traditional ecological knowledge, social disempowerment and economic inequity. Indigenous peoples are responding to these challenges by asserting their cultural identity, developing cultural re-vitalisation programs, and actively participating in western political processes for ongoing involvement in the environmental and natural resource management domain. Nonetheless, to date, many of these programs are faltering or have failed in their long-term implementation. Using a case study approach, my thesis examines this issue through an examination of Indigenous hunting of threatened species in a protected area. My research is based on the contention that language matters, as it is an enabling tool which reveals the knowledge and power relations in natural resource management. To this end, I compare perspectives held by Indigenous people on the one hand and government Management Agencies on the other, about traditional hunting, planning and the management of Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Dugongs (Dugon dugon) in Australia's Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA). To compare these perspectives I used a combination of discourse analysis, historical analysis and participant observation to analyse the development, implementation and subsequent failure of the Hope Vale Turtle and Dugong Hunting Management Plan, ‘Guugu Yimmithirr Bama Wii: Ngawiya and Girrbithi. My research yielded four key findings: (i) that significant differences exist between Management Agencies and Hope Vale Community about hunting, planning and management (Management Agency discourse for example prioritised biodiversity protection, while Indigenous discourse was primarily about ensuring cultural survival); (ii) that language in resource management does matter because different linguistic interpretations within such programs have a direct impact on their efficacy (iii) that social justice dimensions must be incorporated within management regimes in order to achieve both cultural survival and biodiversity protection objectives; and (iv) that resource management initiatives can never be divorced from the impact of external events, actors and power regimes. I thus confirm my thesis or argument that the use and understandings of language in resource management reflect power and knowledge relations, which in turn influence and impact upon the effectiveness of natural resource management programs. Through the integration of these findings my thesis concludes with the presentation of a socially just conservation methodology to guide future collaborations between Indigenous peoples and Management Agencies when addressing the ongoing cultural harvest of wildlife (such as Green turtles and Dugongs) in protected areas.

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48

Nursey-Bray, Melissa. "Conflict to co-management : eating our words : towards socially just conservation of green turtles and dugongs in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia /". 2006. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1579.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2006.
Appendix 2 (p. 444-454) contains the Research Agreement between the author and the Hopevale Community which governs further research or publications arising from the thesis. Typescript (photocopy). Bibliography: leaves 373-441.

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49

McDonald, Brenda Jayne. "Population genetics of dugongs around Australia : implications of gene flow and migration /". 2005. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1327.

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50

Cleguer, Christophe. "Informing dugong conservation at several spatial and temporal scales in New Caledonia". Thesis, 2015. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/48174/1/48174-Cleguer-2015-thesis.pdf.

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Comprehensive, up-to-date spatial information on species distributions and threatening processes can enhance the identification of sites for conservation and management action. Such information is often incomplete or simply unavailable at a scale that can inform real-world decision making because the cost and capacity needed for collecting reliable information are high especially when targeting species that occupy large ranges. Obtaining data to inform conservation at the appropriate spatial scale is of particular importance for species that occupy large ranges. The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a seagrass specialist and marine mammal that occurs over 130,000km of coastline in the Indo-West-Pacific. The dugong attracts global conservation attention because it is listed as vulnerable (IUCN Red List) and is increasingly exposed to multiple anthropogenic hazards in most of its range. There are many regions within the dugong's range where the likelihood of survival of the species is unknown. Collecting spatial-ecological information on the dugong in these regions can inform and optimize the effectiveness of regional and national conservation and management initiatives. The island-archipelago of New Caledonia is located in the Oceania region at the eastern edge of the dugong's range. The conservation status of the dugong in this region is unknown. The presence of the charismatic dugong in the lagoons of New Caledonia was an explicit reason for the World Heritage listing of some of the lagoons. No conservation actions have been implemented in New Caledonia to ensure the maintenance of the dugong stock except for the legislation that restricts dugong harvesting despite the species' high biodiversity, cultural and traditional value. The goal of my thesis was to build an evidence-base to enhance the conservation and management of dugongs in New Caledonia at several spatial and temporal scales and enhance understanding of dugong ecology in tropical coral reef environments by: 1. Assessing the temporal changes in the dugong population size and the capacity of the current marine protected areas (MPAs) to protect dugongs at the scale of New Caledonia. 2. Investigating the spatial ecology of dugongs in the coral reef lagoons of New Caledonia by studying their movement patterns and habitat use at local scales. 3. Integrating scientific research conducted on dugongs as part of this thesis to inform decisions relating to dugong conservation and management regionally and internationally. A single baseline aerial survey of dugongs in New Caledonia in 2003 estimated a population of 2026 (± SE = 553) individuals. A second similar survey in 2008 produced a lower estimate of 606 (± SE = 200) individuals, leading to concerns that the dugong population was experiencing a decline. I conducted four additional surveys in 2011 and 2012 with the objectives of updating information on the current size of the dugong population in New Caledonia and investigating evidence of decline in the population. The abundance estimates obtained from my four surveys ranged from 649 (± SE = 195) to 1227 (± SE = 296) dugongs. These results were not significantly different to the 2008 estimate but were significantly lower than the 2003 estimate. I concluded that the confounding effects of variation in environmental conditions, animal behaviour and sampling biases likely played a key role in the variation of the dugong population size estimates as I could not find any evidence external to the surveys that the dugong population had declined between 2003 and 2008 or that temporary migration was likely to have occurred. I used the data obtained from the time series of aerial surveys to develop a spatially-explicit model of dugong distribution and relative density. This model enabled me to determine the distribution of dugongs at the scale of the main island of New Caledonia over nearly a decade of monitoring, and to detect key dugong habitats. Dugongs were not explicitly considered in the design of the network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in New Caledonia. Thus any representation of important dugong areas in the MPA network is incidental. I used the spatially-explicit model of dugong distribution and relative density to retrospectively assess the capacity of the New Caledonia MPA network to protect dugongs from anthropogenic hazards. I quantified the amount of overlap between dugong relative density units and each type of MPA that was managed at the time of the study. I found that most of the important dugong areas in New Caledonia had a low coverage from the MPAs that provide high levels of restriction of anthropogenic activities. I identified several important dugong areas along the west and the north-east coast that were not covered by MPAs and should be considered in future conservation and management plans. The spatial mismatch between MPAs and dugong distribution was likely caused by weaknesses in the planning process. I provided guidance on how these shortcomings can be overcome for marine species of conservation concern in New Caledonia and other regions. The lack of consideration of marine mammals in conservation tools such as MPAs often stems from their highly mobile nature and dynamic movement patterns and the difficulty of defining their specific habitat needs due to lack of knowledge. Information on the dugong's use of space among key habitats and the scale of these movements has been comprehensively studied only in Australian waters where the environment differs from the lagoons of New Caledonia. I used satellite tracking technology to document the use of space by dugongs in the lagoons of New Caledonia. I developed a method of safely and quickly capturing dugongs in coral reef habitats and satellite–tracked 12 adult dugongs in three different regions of the west coast of New Caledonia. Animals displayed individualistic movement patterns. Their extent of movement was large relative to the size of the main island, and some individuals crossed jurisdictional boundaries. Three dugongs exited the lagoon and used the fore reef shelf (i.e., flattened coral reef area, located between the fore reef crest and deep open ocean waters) as corridor to transit from one bay to another. All tracked dugongs returned to their capture location. Home-range analyses showed that the range and core areas used by dugongs reflected the width of the lagoons. The home-range and core areas of dugongs did not differ between day and night. I investigated the habitat use of dugongs at a local scale at Cap Goulvain to enhance understanding of seasonal changes in abundance and habitat use of dugongs in coral reef environments and to provide spatially-explicit data to help local conservation decisions in a key dugong conservation value area. Access to seagrass resources is restricted by tides and the geomorphology of habitats and small size of the lagoon restrict dugongs' space use. I used data obtained from fine-scale dedicated dugong aerial surveys conducted every two weeks over 18 months at low and high tide to determine the seasonal and tidal changes in the number of dugongs and their use of a range of habitats in Cap Goulvain. I then compared the resultant dataset with the temporal changes in water temperature inside and outside the lagoon in this region. I found that more dugongs were sighted during the cool season than during the warm season in Cap Goulvain. At high tide, dugongs were expectedly sighted over the intertidal seagrass meadows in higher proportion than in any other monitored habitats during both seasons. As tides restricted access to the intertidal seagrass meadows there was a seasonal change in the use of other non-seagrass coral reef habitats: during the cool season, a higher proportion of dugongs was sighted outside the lagoon on the fore reef shelf than in any other habitat inside the lagoon; during the warm season the use of the fore reef shelf was less pronounced and dugongs were sighted in higher proportion inside the lagoon in the channels surrounding the intertidal seagrasses. Behavioural thermoregulation is a plausible explanation for the changes in the number of dugongs and the use of the fore reef shelf in Cap Goulvain during the cool season. Further investigation is required to assess the effect of other external factors including the temporal changes in the availability and quality of seagrass and abundance of sharks. Dugong aggregations (i.e., group of ≥ 10 animals) were observed inside the lagoon of Cap Goulvain during the warm season and outside the lagoon during the cool season. I used aerial and underwater footage of the dugong herds located outside the lagoon to explore the behaviour of dugongs in the herds. I found that the dugongs forming the aggregations were resting and no social behaviour other than calves feeding from their mother's teats was identified. The likely causes of dugong aggregations in this habitat include access to warm water, the number of dugongs present in the region at the time, the size of the fore reef shelf, the distance to inshore seagrass resources, and the risk of predation from sharks. These results demonstrated that both seagrass and non-seagrass habitats are important for dugongs and need to be included in future conservation and management programs in New Caledonia as well as other tropical coral reef regions. My thesis provided opportunities to enhance the conservation and management of dugongs in New Caledonia and new insights into the spatial ecology of dugongs in coral reef environments. Future management would be enhanced by considering the important dugong habitats and corridors identified in my research and should be coordinated at an ecological scale relevant to the dugong to be effective. Given the high cultural value of the dugong to the peoples of New Caledonia, communities should be consulted about their desire to participate in community-based management. In addition, ongoing education and communication programs should be continued especially in regions where illegal hunting may occur. Future research should be directed at understanding why illegal hunting occurs in New Caledonia and how compliance with the law could be increased. Further investigating the fine-scale interaction between seagrasses and dugongs in New Caledonia would also greatly enhance our understanding of dugong and seagrass ecology in tropical lagoons and coral reefs more generically.

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