Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Dualism of agent”
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Oppong, Seth. "Between Bandura and Giddens: Structuration Theory in Social Psychological Research?" Psychological Thought 7, nr 2 (22.10.2014): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v7i2.104.
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In any social analysis, one can attribute observed behavioural outcomes to actions and inactions of people (agents) or to the presence or absence of certain structures or systems. The dualism of agent and structure is resolved through the concept of duality as proposed by Anthony Giddens in his structuration theory (ST). Though ST has been applied in other disciplines, it is either less known or applied in psychology. This paper sought to examine ST as a framework for understanding the interdependent relationship between structure and agents in the light of offering explanatory framework in social science research or policy formulation. It concluded with an integrated model comprising elements of both Bandura’s social-cognitive theory and Giddens’ ST.
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Kholidah, Uci Elly, i Siti Hardiyanti Amri. "ETNOSENTRISME DALAM TENGGELAMNYA KAPAL VAN DER WIJCK KARYA HAMKA DALAM PERSPEKTIF STRUKTURASI GIDDENS". Poetika 7, nr 1 (30.07.2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v7i1.45407.
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Sebagai makhluk sosial, manusia saling berinteraksi dengan gugus pengetahuan dan pengalaman berbeda satu sama lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis etnosentrisme dalam novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck karya Hamka dengan perspektif Strukturasi Giddens. Strukturasi menolak pandangan dualisme dengan menekankan dualitas agen dan struktur. Setiap agen bertindak berdasarkan skemata atau struktur dalam ruang dan waktu tertentu. Selanjutnya, aktivitas sosial para agen tersebut memengaruhi struktur itu kembali. Dalam konteks sastra, agen merujuk pada penulis dan tokoh-tokoh yang ada di dalam karya sastra. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gejala etnosentrisme melalui tindakan para tokoh dalam novel merupakan manifestasi struktur penulis. Novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck merupakan sarana komunikasi Hamka selaku agen yang dimotivasi oleh keinginan akan perbaikan dan perubahan terhadap struktur budaya Minangkabau. Karya ini juga mampu mengubah sistem sosial yang membentuk struktur etnosentrisme Hamka.Kata Kunci: Strukturasi; Agen; Struktur; Anthony Giddens; Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck As social beings, humans interact using a distinct set of knowledge and experiences. This research aims to analyze ethnocentrism in the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck by Hamka through the perspective of Giddens’ structuration. The theory of structuration rejects the notion of dualism by highlighting the duality of agent and structure. Every agent acts on a schemata or structure in a certain space and time. Furthermore, the agents' social activities conversely affect the structure. In literary context, agents refer to both writer and characters in literary work. The result of this study indicates that the phenomenon of ethnocentrism showed through the actions of the characters in the novel isthe manifestation of the author's structure. The novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck is a media of communication for Hamka as an agent motivated by his desire for improvements and changes in the structure of Minangkabau culture. This work is also able to change social system that actually constructs Hamka ethnocentrism structure.Keywords: Structuration; Agent; Structure; Anthony Giddens; Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck.
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Mangoting, Yenni, Retnaningtyas Widuri i Tonny Stephanus Eoh. "The Dualism of Tax Consultants’ Roles in the Taxation System". Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan 21, nr 1 (23.05.2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jak.21.1.30-37.
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The dualism of tax consultant's role as the agent of taxpayers and governments becomes a phenomenon in this research. Therefore, this research aims to understand the meaning of the dualism role of tax consultants in the taxation system. This study uses a qualitative approach to interpretive methods. The interpretive method assumes that reality does not stand alone but is constructed by the research subject. The method of data collection is done by interviewing two taxpayers and three tax consultants. The data analysis focused on the sentences and phrases that directly allude the researched phenomenon. The result of the research tells that there is an effort to balance the dualism of the role so that tax consultants can still protect the taxpayer’s interests, while ensuring that their services do not harm the nation. The balance of the dualism of the role is reflected into four meanings, namely: taxpayer advisors, mediators of taxpayer and government conflicts, aligning taxpayer and government relations and controlling taxpayer compliance
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Dalton, Drew M. "Towards an Object-Oriented Ethics: Schopenhauer, Spinoza, and the Physics of Objective Evil". Open Philosophy 1, nr 1 (28.08.2018): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2018-0006.
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AbstractObjects are inert, passive, devoid of will, and as such bear no intrinsic value or moral worth. This claim is supported by the argument that to be considered a moral agent one must have a conscious will and be sufficiently free to act in accordance with that will. Since material objects, it is assumed, have no active will nor freedom, they should not be considered moral agents nor bearers of intrinsic ethical vale. Thus, the apparent “moral neutrality” of objects rests upon a kind of subject/object or mind/body dualism. The aim of this paper is to explore two paths by which western thought can escape this dualism, re-valuate the alleged “moral neutrality” of material objects, and initiate a sort of “object oriented ethics,” albeit with surprising results. To do so, this paper explores the work of Arthur Schopenhauer and Baruch Spinoza to interrogate both the claim that material objects have no will and that freedom is the necessary condition for ethical responsibility. This paper concludes by arguing that not only should objects been seen as bearers of their own ethical value, a determinate judgement can be made regarding that value through a basic understanding of the laws of physics.
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Summers-Bremner, Eluned. "Reading Irigaray, Dancing". Hypatia 15, nr 1 (2000): 90–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2000.tb01081.x.
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My essay incorporates Irigaray's notion of the sensible transcendental, a dynamic attempt to reconstitute the body/mind dualism which founds Western thought, into a reading of the practice of European concert dance. I contend that Irigaray's efforts toward articulating a language of the body as active agent have much to offer (feminist) analyses of dance practice, and develop this claim through a reading which reflects philosophically on the changing nature of my own dance activity.
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DUFFY, GAVAN. "The Agent-Structure Co-Constitution and the Vietnam Commitment Decisions: A Rejoinder to Yuen Foong Khong". Japanese Journal of Political Science 4, nr 1 (maj 2003): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109903001075.
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This essay responds to Yuen Foong Khong's (2002) spirited defence of his Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam Decisions of 1965 (Khong, 1992). The author had earlier criticized Khong's overemphasis of agency over structure in his accounting of the 1965 US troop deployment decisions (Duffy, 2001). This essay points to several deficiencies in Khong's defence. Chief among them are (a) the inconsistency between Khong's conception of structure and his professed constructivism, and (b) the false dualism between agency and structure open which Khong's defence rests.
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Goff, Philip. "VI—Panpsychism and Free Will: A Case Study in Liberal Naturalism". Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 120, nr 2 (1.07.2020): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aoaa009.
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Abstract There has been a resurgence of interest in panpsychism in contemporary philosophy of mind. According to its supporters, panpsychism offers an attractive solution to the mind–body problem, avoiding the deep difficulties associated with the more conventional options of dualism and materialism. There has been little focus, however, on whether panpsychism can help with philosophical problems pertaining to free will. In this paper I will argue (a) that it is coherent and consistent with observation to postulate a kind of libertarian agent causation at the micro-level, and (b) that if one if believes in libertarian agent causation at the macro-level, there are significant advantages in also postulating its existence at the micro-level.
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Korolev, Sergei, i Irina Lyalina. "The rating Brain of Bureaucrats and Luhrmann’s Zettelkasten: two versions of the “Machine Man” in the age of digitalization". SHS Web of Conferences 106 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110604008.
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The modern “digitalized” person is predominantly an object of information, to a lesser extent a subject and an agent of information. The digitalization of the individual manifests itself in the expansion of all sorts of rating systems through which the employer controls the employee and social media monitors people’s daily lives. The phenomenon of “digitalized man” brings us back to the idea of dualism: the man of the modern information society is objectively bifurcated into a biopsychic organism, on the one hand, and his “digital replica”, on the other. Niklas Luhmann proved by his way of life the possibility of a paradoxical synthesis between the idea of mechanistic (bureaucratic) functionality and the idea of spontaneous, intuitive insight inherent only in a living person.
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Pouryousefi, Sareh, i Jeff Frooman. "The Problem of Unilateralism in Agency Theory: Towards a Bilateral Formulation". Business Ethics Quarterly 27, nr 2 (28.02.2017): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2016.77.
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ABSTRACT:Some business ethicists view agency theory as a cautionary tale—a proof that it is impossible to carry out successful economic interactions in the absence of ethical behaviour. The cautionary-tale view presents a nuanced normative characterisation of agency, but itsunilateralfocus betrays a limited understanding of the structure of social interaction. This article moves beyond unilateralism by presenting a descriptive and normative argument for abilateralcautionary-tale view. Specifically, we discuss hat swaps and role dualism in asymmetric-information principal-agent relationships and argue that the norm of reciprocity can function as a moral solution to agency risks in adverse-selection and moral-hazard problems. Our bilateral cautionary-tale formulation extends the normative boundaries of agency theory, while leaving the fundamental economic assumptions of agency theory intact.
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Rizky Novian Hartono, Sriwati i Wafia Silvi Dhesinta Rini1. "Kerugian Keuangan Negara pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dalam Perspektif Doktrin Business Judgement Rule". KELUWIH: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 2, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/soshum.v2i1.4392.
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Abstract— State-Owned Enterprises that act as an agent of development and business entity for the country are the concrete forms to reach the welfare state goal. Persero, as the example of state-owned enterprises will surely experience advantages and disadvantages due to the dynamic condition of the business world. With the various regulations that regulate state-owned enterprises itself, created a disharmony form of liability to the directors about the business loss. This research aims to identify do the loss of the state-owned enterprises would classified as state financial losses in the perspective of doctrine business judgment rule. This research using statute approach and conceptual approach shows that there is a dualism view about the position of separated-state wealth in the scope of state finances resulting in different interpretations of the meaning of state financial losses by the law enforcers. This dualism view caused a disharmony form of liability that asked to the Directors of Persero when that occur losses because according to the Section 2 and Section 3 Law Number 20 of 2001 jo Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption, the directors would probably asked the liability for the alleged of corruption because causing state financial losses, on the other side according to the Section 97 verse 5 Law number 40 of 2007 concerning Company there is an exception to the directors so they would not be able to be charges. Furthermore, losses that happened in the state-owned enterprises can not only occur as a result of abuse of power but are result of business risks so the directors can be protected by the doctrine of business judgment rule from criminal charge.
Keywords: persero state-owned enterprises, state financial losses, business risks, business judgment rule
Abstrak—BUMN sebagai pelaku perekonomian nasional yang memiliki peran ganda yakni sebagai agent of development sekaligus sebagai business entity, merupakan salah satu bentuk konkret perpanjangan tangan negara dalam mewujudkan cita-cita bangsa dan negara yakni memajukan kesejahteraan umum. Layaknya sebuah perusahaan, BUMN Persero sebagai salah satu bentuk BUMN pasti akan mengalami keuntungan maupun kerugian akibat dinamisnya dunia bisnis. Menjadi sebuah problematika ketika kerugian yang dialami oleh BUMN Persero tersebut dihadapkan dengan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku bagi BUMN, baik dalam ranah hukum publik maupun dalam ranah hukum privat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah apakah kerugian yang dialami oleh BUMN dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai kerugian keuangan negara dalam perspektif doktrin business judgment rule. Melalui penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode statute approach dan conceptual approach ditemukan bahwa adanya dualisme pandangan kedudukan kekayaan negara yang dipisahkan dalam lingkup keuangan negara sehingga menimbulkan perbedaan penafsiran makna kerugian keuangan negara oleh aparat penegak hukum. Dualisme pandangan ini berdampak pada ketidakharmonisan bentuk pertanggungjawaban yang dimintakan kepada Direksi BUMN Persero ketika terjadi kerugian pada tubuh BUMN sebab berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 2 dan/atau Pasal 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Direksi BUMN Persero dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban secara pidana atas dugaan tindak pidana korupsi karena menyebabkan kerugian keuangan negara namun berdasarkan Pasal 97 ayat (5) Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas terdapat pengecualian agar Direksi BUMN tidak dimintakan pertanggungjawaban secara pribadi. Lebih jauh, kerugian pada BUMN tidak hanya dapat terjadi akibat dari adanya penyalahgunaan wewenang melainkan akibat dari adanya risiko bisnis sehingga doktrin business judgment rule dapat diterapkan untuk memberikan perlindungan bagi direksi dari tuntutan pidana..
Kata kunci : badan usaha milik negara, kerugian keuangan negara, risiko bisnis, business judgment rule
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HadžiMuhamedović, Safet. "My Grandmother Drank the Qur'an: Liquid Readings and Permeable Bodies in Bosnia". CounterText 7, nr 1 (kwiecień 2021): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/count.2021.0216.
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Starting with a curious childhood memory, the author considers the practices of imbibing – or otherwise transforming and internalising – sacred texts as modes of reading in their own right. At the heart of the argument is a call for a receptive apprehension of reading, open to worlds beyond substance dualism and the detachment of text and meaning residing therein. Kaleidoscopic autobiographical elements merge with and extend through a variety of transmutational, syncretic practices, such as the rituals of ‘erasure’ (e.g. kombe) across the African continent, or the magical inscriptions ( zapisi) and the ritual of ‘horror pouring’ ( salivanje strave) in Bosnia. Water appears as a particularly efficacious agent, flowing between humans and more-than-humans and connecting different bodies, religions, and forms of knowledge. Noticing that the recurring motif of such practices is healing, the author wonders if the drinking of text might be a remedy against the political ontology of inter-corporeal distance. A radically intimate engagement with text, it is suggested, requires the kind of trust that allows for permeability – an always-potential openness, a new sort of liquid critical reading.
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Polleri, Maxime. "“Matters” of Importance: Contaminated Materiality in the Aftermath of the Fukushima Disaster". NEXUS: The Canadian Student Journal of Anthropology 23, nr 1 (1.06.2015): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/nexus.v23i1.891.
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Contamination has been viewed as a form of invasion—an intrusion perpetrated by a group, a pernicious substance, or an unwanted agent. It is ‘the Other’ that has fascinated anthropologists for so long. We often assume that our current theory of knowledge about contamination is justified—although this current understanding fails to take into account the agency of contaminants themselves. Ideas about contamination throughout history have helped to fashion a particular dichotomy—a dualism where infection contrasts against wellbeing, where purity confronts impurity, and where ‘pristine’ nature opposes toxic landscapes. However, this binary understanding is often a double bind that does not reflect all of the nuances involved in contemporary problems, such as ecological disasters. For this reason, anthropologists have a lot to gain by focusing on matter – that is – to envision the agency of given materialities as a complementary topic to the analytical processes surrounding contamination. For instance, what actually happens if we consider that contamination “refuses” to recognize our political, social, and cultural boundaries? This article attempts to reconceive the notion of contamination by targeting the materiality of contaminants, particularly nuclear radioactivity in relation to the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, in order to theorize a hybridized (i.e., non-binary) understanding of contamination—an understanding that better reflects the ways in which societies, governments, and individuals think about and interact with matter.
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Milidrag, Predrag. "Platonism, cartesianism and Hegel’s thought in the Matrix Trilogy". Filozofija i drustvo 24, nr 4 (2013): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1304268m.
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In this article I will try to interpret changes in Neo, the main character in The Matrix Trilogy, against the background of the ideas of Plato and Descartes, as well as Hegel?s from his Philosophy of History and The Phenomenology of Spirit. Although ?philosophical? The Matrix Trilogy is not long-winded and boring film: instead of talking endlessly, the characters are working ceaselessly, and that work is changing them. Contrary to wide?spread opinion, this interpretation does not find the presence of Descartes? hyperbolic doubt in the first part of trilogy, but first film sees as a pure Platonism. Nevertheless, there are the Cartesian motifs (e.g. dualism, freeing mind from preconceived opinions, acquiring different habits of belief). The result of the first film is the position of Hegelian unhappy consciousness. This is just a preparation for the key moment of whole Trilogy that is the dialogue between Neo and Architect. Neo?s decision to chose to save Trinity is interpreted in Hegel?s terms of the infinite right of the subject to satisfy himself in his activity and work; because of that, this, sixth Neo is new. After showing the differences in the objectives of Neo and Agent Smith, and transformations of the objectives of humans, the third part of the article analyzes the very end of the Matrix Revolutions, using Marx?s ideas, with some references to Plato and Nietzsche.
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Alekseeva, T. A., A. P. Mineyev i I. D. Loshkariov. "«LAND OF CONFUSION»: QUANTUM PHYSICS IN IR THEORY?" MGIMO Review of International Relations, nr 3(48) (28.06.2016): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-7-16.
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The article deals with the "Quantum mind"hypothesis which has been elaborated in recent works of Alexander Wendt. It is ultimately significant to analyze this hypothesis and to expand on its difficulties and possible inconsistencies given Wendt's credentials in IR theorizing. It allows us to develop a new approach and promising research program on the basis of the hypothesis and its critical reflection. Wendt's quantum physicalism (or holism) implies serious philosophical injury and outstanding usage of different science disciplines' apparatus including physics, biology, and psychology. Thought-provoking approach of Wendt boosts researching efforts within the field of political philosophy, world politics and international relations. The main feature of the hypothesis is the idea of quantum nature in social and political processes which appears to be the consequence of epistemological authority of current science. Alexander Wendt proposes several explanations for quantum foundations within the political and social processes including wide-known "agent-structure" dilemma. According to him, invisibility of social structures does not lead to denial of its existence. Firstly, social structures emerge from the space of possibilities and are not directly dependant on material factors. Secondly, invisibility and its acceptance in different areas are parts of science clarification in many areas including quantum physics. The article discuses how quantum physics principles such as particle-wave dualism, superposition and size absoluteness can be useful in social and political studies. This allows us to demonstrate the given hypothesi' potential in research field of social sciences with regard to international relations and world politics.
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Sylla, Bernhard, i João Ribeiro Mendes. "Introduction". Ethics, Politics & Society 3 (21.05.2018): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/eps.3.1.104.
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The word “Anthropocene” appeared for the first time in printed form in 2000. It was introduced by the Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen and the U.S. limnologist Eugene Stoermer in a two-page paper jointly published in the issue number 41 of the IGBP Newsletter. They coined the neologism to express the idea shared by both that we have already entered a new unprecedented age in which our species has become a major geological agent.
Since then, a veritable explosion in the number of publications dedicated to the concept has occurred. Taking in consideration only the data provided by Web of Science, until 2010 around 100 books and papers were published about the Anthropocene, in 2015 that number increased eightfold, and in the last three years again this number has doubled, making a total that goes beyond 2000 publications in less than two decades.
Another thing to be noticed is the broadening of the discussion of the concept from the Geosciences (aiming at its explanation, i.e., at finding out if there is enough reliable evidence available for its formal incorporation in the scientific discourse) to the Social Sciences (seeking its understanding, that is, the uncovering of the historical reasons that led to its emergence and what political, economic, social and cultural consequences derive from it) and to the Humanities (attempting at a critique of its theoretical and practical implications). This is giving rise to the formation of the multidisciplinary field of the Anthropocene studies.
The Anthropocene did not go unnoticed to the philosophers too, leading them to inquire its ontological, epistemological, moral and aesthetic assumptions and implications. Moreover, because it seems to be provoking a deep transformation of Philosophy itself, a sense of urgency to think it through is now arising in the wider philosophical community.
With the purpose of producing a relevant contribution to the ongoing debate on the theme, within the 9th Braga Meetings on Ethics and Political Philosophy (BMEPP 9), between June 11 and 12, a special session with the title “Philosophical challenges of the Anthropocene” was organized. This dossier includes a selection of the best papers, from more than two dozen, delivered during that event.
The first is authored by one of the keynote speakers of the BMEPP 9, Professor Darrel Moellendorf (Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), and has the title “Three Interpretations of the Anthropocene: Hope and Anxiety at the End of Nature”. We are very grateful to Professor Moellendorf for having had the generosity to offer us his text for publication in this dossier.
In his paper he argues that there are three plausible interpretations, or attempts to make sense of the Anthropocene as an ongoing process: the Promethean, generating great expectations about our capacities to manage the planet; the destructive, provoking considerable anxiety regarding our environmental-civilizational destiny; and the inegalitarian, raising growing concern about our collective coexistence. According to him, any of them is equally plausible, and it is quite difficult to predict which trajectory the Anthropocene will take in the future.
The second contribution, from Cláudia Toriz Ramos (Fernando Pessoa University), entitled “Ecopolitics and global security: from discourse to policies”, shows, with great clarity, how the ecopolitical discourse has been crafted, assimilated to public policies, and ultimately contributed to the development of international and global security policies that pay increasing attention to environmental sustainability and security in contemporary times.
Bernhard Sylla (University of Minho) in “Anti-dualism in the discourse on the Anthropocene” carried out a thorough analysis and criticism of the more or less widely adopted claim among scholars of the “three cultures”, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities, that the recognition of the Anthropocene implies the obsolescence of philosophically entrenched dualisms, such as nature vs. culture, social system vs. ecological system, or subject vs. object, and the resulting need to overcome that way of thinking that is incapable of coping with the environmental challenges of today. Focusing on the criticism that Andrew Feenberg and Gernot Böhme addressed at Donna Haraway and Bruno Latour`s purported forms of anti-dualism, he argues that although valuable it is not sufficiently convincing.
The last piece, “The cosmopolitan and environmental challenges of the idea of Europe in the age of the Antropocene”, penned by Bruno Rego (University of Minho), attempts a reassessment of the principles of classical contractualism and sketches a revamp of the idea of Europe for the 21st century in response to the problems triggered by the anthropogenic global environmental crisis. He also proposes that cities in the EU space can be thought of as cosmopolitan political agents and foster an effective socioecological contribution to the Anthropocene challenges.
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Pohan, Budiman, i Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin. "Praktik Pernikahan dalam Masyarakat Lokal: Agensi versus Agama". JSW (Jurnal Sosiologi Walisongo) 4, nr 1 (30.04.2020): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jsw.2020.4.1.5456.
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This study aims to describe the dialectical process between local agents and religious structures in the practice of marriage in Padang Sidempuan. The research method is qualitative descriptive with a case study design that focuses on narrating the objective conditions of agent and structure duality. Informants were chosen purposively, supported by observational data, interviews, and documentation. Data analyzed through the process of collection, reduction, exposition, verification, and conclusion. The results showed that: 1) Conceptually, the practice of marriage experienced practical distortions that were configured through consensus of sharia and local elites; 2) the practice of marriage is a phenomenon of the duality of agents and structuring each other; 3) agent habitus is dominated by Mandailing culture through power relations and surplus capital of the local elite compared to the sharia procedure of religious structure. However, the competence of agents is able to compress marital rules into semi-complex; 4) the importance of promoting religious habituation strategies through internalization and dissemination of alternative sharia marriage practices.
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Faul, B. V. "Minimal dualism and epistemic approach". Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity 6, nr 1 (2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2021-6-1-86-90.
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In this paper the author presents an argument in favor of minimal dualism — thesis, according to which conscious agents are able to exist without bodies. Author demonstrates the advantages of this argument. Firstly, he shows that this argument is invulnerable to the epistemic strategy of criticizing the conceivability argument. Secondly, the epistemic approach restricts the conceivability of creatures, the possibility of which is incompatible with the minimal dualism
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Dharma, Laga Adhi. "Islam Between Structure and Agent Duality in Maryam: Anthony Giddens’ Perspective of Novel by Okky Madasari". SHAHIH: Journal of Islamicate Multidisciplinary 6, nr 1 (5.06.2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/shahih.v6i1.3562.
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Conflicts with religious backgrounds are a phenomenon that often occurs unexpectedly around us. These events can inspire authors to write into the literary works that they produce. Social conditions cannot be separated from the process of the birth of a literary work. This paper aims to describe the social structure that influences the author in writing a literary work, as well as how the author tries to build a narrative to influence the social structure through his work. The formulation of the research problem is related to whether the social structure affects the agent (author) and how the agent (author) represents what is in Maryam's novel. The theory used in this research is the structuration concept proposed by Anthony Giddens. The results showed that the social structure, especially about the Ahmadiyah conflict on the island of Lombok, influenced Okky Madasari as an author (agent) in producing the novel Maryam. There are also ideas developed by Okky Madasari which aim to influence the social structure through his work. This is where the duality process between social structures and agents influences one another.
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Li, Yu. "CEO Duality in Internationalization Decisions: Agent or Steward?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, nr 1 (1.08.2019): 19611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.19611abstract.
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Sarpong, Sam, i Ibrahim B. Nabubie. "Nuisance or discerning? The social construction of street hawkers in Ghana". Society and Business Review 10, nr 2 (13.07.2015): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-03-2015-0005.
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Purpose – The paper aims to focus on how the dualism “petty trading and traffic” exacerbates the development of a social bond among traders from various communities and ethnic groups in Ghana. As understood in their normal innocuous sense, “traffic and petty trading” independently mark off two generally distinguishable exclusive partners. However, both petty trading and traffic now denote essential aspects of contemporary Ghana’s new social order shared uniquely among informal traders. The paper dilates on this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach – The theory underpinning this study is social constructionism. Social constructionism is part of a post-modern understanding of the nature of reality. It is a strand of sociology, pertaining to the ways in which social phenomena are created, institutionalised and made into tradition by humans. The core idea of constructionism, therefore, is that some social agent produces or controls some object. ’s (1967) situational constraints thesis also provides an important element to this paper. The thesis maintains that the poor in society are constrained by the facts of their situation; hence, the poor are unable to translate many of their ideals into reality in view of the considerable poverty that engulfs them. The thesis, reiterates that once the constraints of poverty are removed, the poor would have no difficulty adopting mainstream behavioural patterns and seizing available opportunities. The thesis is significant in exploring the objectives of this paper. Findings – The paper finds that petty trading has given its adherents a new wave of life. The picture that emerges is that, although street hawkers are seen as a nuisance, a failure in society and lacking knowledge, they have become mindful of what society thinks about them. As a result, some have devised means to cope with what they do and also to find new ways to address the challenges facing them. The findings confirmed that people are self-reflexive beings and that they shape their own behaviour despite the influence of a variety of social factors that may constrain them. The study found that street hawkers have found a way to make life more meaningful for themselves than are actually perceived. Originality/value – The paper seeks to discover the daily lives of petty traders, which have been stealthily tied in to urban development and planning. It brings a new dimension to the issue of petty trading. The fundamental argument of the paper is that the multidimensional nature of poverty is leading petty traders to a new consciousness which bodes well for them. These traders are shaping their own behaviour despite the influence of a variety of social factors that may constrain them. The social bond and interrelationship that permeate their working relationship has created a basis for which they now forge close ties that promote an inclusion from the exclusion that they are generally enjoined to.
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Puetz, Kyle. "Fields of Mutual Alignment: A Dual-Order Approach to the Study of Cultural Holes". Sociological Theory 35, nr 3 (wrzesień 2017): 228–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735275117725765.
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In this article, I discuss how network-analytic exploitations of the duality of agents and social object enable the study of fields from two analytical vantage points. Such an approach entails: (1) the discovery of field positions through identification of cultural holes within a network of agents’ tastes and (2) the measurement of interobject competition to identify social objects contributing most to the organization of field positions. Characterizing this approach as a mutual-alignment framework, I discuss its analytical advantages. At the level of the agent, I suggest that positions within fields retrieve their value by virtue of their relational style, or their relationship to the field’s cultural holes. At the level of the social object, I provide an analytical framework for identifying structurally important social objects through relationships of asymmetrical competition and incommensurability, or a lack of substitutability. I provide an empirical application to a population of film critics.
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Imadah Thoyyibah i Rahmad Alamsyah. "POLA STRUKTURASI PORNOGRAFI DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF TEORI STRUKTURASI". JURNAL SOSIO-KOMUNIKA 1, nr 1 (20.05.2022): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.57036/jsk.v1i1.18.
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This study aims to dissect the structuration pattern between agents and structures in the structural dimension behind the practice of pornography in Indonesia. The analysis is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using library data sources and empirical data from various media sources that have been factually documented. Structuring is the stretching or structuring of social relations across space and time based on the principle of duality relations, which means there is a reciprocal relationship and interrelationship between structure and agent. Based on the structuration scheme, the practice of pornography involves three dimensions of structure; namely signification (signification), domination (mastery), and legitimacy (justification) which are interrelated. The three dimensions of the structure that are both a means and a resource for the practice of pornography include; 1) the pattern of marking and meaning of pornographic material; 2) the pattern of global domination and authority of the capitalist economy industry; and 3) patterns of legitimacy and the mobilization of sanctions through cultural norms, artistic ideology, and freedom of expression. Structurally, the agent collaborates with the abstract system/expert system to regularize pornographic material into public consumption on a regular basis, creating practical awareness for the agents. This regularization is reproduced in people's behavior along with culture, discourse on sexuality, art and freedom of expression.
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Churilin, Maxim Yu, i Tatiana A. Valiulina. "Phenomena of Quantum Economy". Economic Strategies 160, nr 5 (20.10.2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-5.185.2022.30-41.
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The paper undertakes to analyse the changes in the economic agent which it is subject to when described from the perspective of different worldviews. The mechanistic, electrodynamic and relativistic quantum worldviews suggest different interpretations of the properties of the object, hence describe economic objects different in nature. Reliance on physicalist methods makes it possible to reveal an economic agent displaying solidarity and to outline its preconditions. The goal of this research is reconsidering the object of economics and revealing its new properties. The first task is to describe the economic agent in mechanistic terms, the second task is to add to it the properties that are drawn from quantum mechanics. The paper looks for analogies and metaphors of such phenomena as tunnel effect and duality of microparticles. It also suggests a system of institutional organization for regulating demand for different categories of goods. The theory of institutions is interpreted through the analogies of the electrodynamic worldview. The principles of behavioral economics are presented in terms of the quantum-relative worldview. The article reveals a new production factor that allows the agent to exchange the labour performed in the system of informal institutions for its analogies in the formal system. It is inferred that the peculiarities of behaviour are formed by institutions and divide agents of demand into groups. The metaphors of quantum-field experiments are revealed to explain the mechanisms of influence on these groups depending on their preferences. The paper explores the agent of demand — the purchaser — consisting of multiple households. Economic analogies are searched in the process of interpreting the law of demand and supply.
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Tullis, Anson. "Duality Unresolved and Darwinian Dilemmas". Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 8, nr 1 (18.04.2015): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.8.1.55-64.
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By using Sharon Street’s Darwinian Dilemma, Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek and Peter Singer attempt to show that Sidgwick’s duality of practical reason, whereby an agent has equal reason to act in their own interests or act impartially for the benefit of all, is not actually a duality; rather, reasons for action are solely impartial due to the unreliability of intuitions favoring self-interested behavior. I argue that Lazari Radek and Singer fail to accomplish their goal. I argue that Singer has previously provided an account of impartiality that makes it just as unreliable on the same grounds as self-interested tendencies. Sidgwick’s duality remains unresolved.
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Zhesko, Ella. "City Food Navigation: About Tastes, Places and Professions". Inter 14, nr 2 (29.06.2022): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/inter.2022.14.2.6.
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This text is a summary of an online interview with gastrojournalist. The conceptual basis of the text is P. Bourdieu's concept of taste. On the one hand, taste was considered as a way of building symbolic boundaries between social groups, on the other hand, as a skill acquired by physical and mental training. Taste was correlated with food choice as interrelated components of behavior. Аgents of gastronomic discourse were identified as mediators for the audience in the process of demonstrating their social status, group, or ethnicity through food consumption. The interview showed the high importance of drawing a line between journalists and bloggers as agents of gastronomic discourse, as well as the non-triviality of this task due to the blurring of boundaries between these professional statuses. Knowledge, professional qualities, and skills necessary for functioning as an agent of discourse were taken as the main criteria for distinguishing between journalists and bloggers. What was said in the interview made it possible to conclude that the distinction between bloggers and journalists as professional statuses is accompanied by their coexistence as social roles — the revealed duality may be the main reason for the difficulty of formalizing the demarcation criteria. The criteria by which the agent of gastronomic discourse forms an idea of the audience were also discussed. The image of readers and the intentions of discourse agents are formulated, with the help of which the audience of various Internet platforms is influenced. The means of influencing the audience, which are available to agents of discourse, are mentioned. As a result, it was found that professionalism in a certain sense also serves to organize ideas about the audience and to determine the style of building interaction with it.
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Kővári, Bálint, Ferenc Hegedüs i Tamás Bécsi. "Design of a Reinforcement Learning-Based Lane Keeping Planning Agent for Automated Vehicles". Applied Sciences 10, nr 20 (14.10.2020): 7171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207171.
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Reinforcement learning-based approaches are widely studied in the literature for solving different control tasks for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles, from which this paper deals with the problem of lateral control of a dynamic nonlinear vehicle model, performing the task of lane-keeping. In this area, the appropriate formulation of the goals and environment information is crucial, for which the research outlines the importance of lookahead information, enabling to accomplish maneuvers with complex trajectories. Another critical part is the real-time manner of the problem. On the one hand, optimization or search based methods, such as the presented Monte Carlo Tree Search method, can solve the problem with the trade-off of high numerical complexity. On the other hand, single Reinforcement Learning agents struggle to learn these tasks with high performance, though they have the advantage that after the training process, they can operate in a real-time manner. Two planning agent structures are proposed in the paper to resolve this duality, where the machine learning agents aid the tree search algorithm. As a result, the combined solution provides high performance and low computational needs.
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FRONTEROTTA, FRANCESCO. "MODELLO, COPIA, RICETTACOLO: MONISMO, DUALISMO 0 TRIADE DI PRINCIPI NEL TIMEO?" Méthexis 27, nr 1 (30.03.2014): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680974-90000634.
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In this paper, I examine Plato’s onto-cosmological conception in the Timaeus, trying to find out how many principles or set of principles are established in Timaeus’ description of the constitution of kosmos. The intelligible model, the sensible copy, the receptacle and the demiurge: these are the different kinds of the things that are and the agents of their relations. But it is not clear at all if this perspective can be represented as a form of monism, dualism or anything else.
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Ferguson, Thomas Macaulay. "Explicit analyses of proof/refutation interaction for constructible falsity and Heyting–Brouwer logic". Journal of Logic and Computation 30, nr 8 (2.10.2020): 1505–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa047.
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Abstract Nelson’s logic of constructible falsity $\textsf{N}$ and Rauszer’s Heyting–Brouwer logic $\textsf{HB}$ are well-known cases of extensions of intuitionistic logic $\textsf{Int}$ enriched with novel connectives. Wansing has suggested that Gödel’s provability interpretation of $\textsf{Int}$ can be extended to these systems by pairing the category of formal proofs with a distinct category of formal refutations. In this paper, we extend the framework of Artemov’s justification logic to provide explicit analyses of $\textsf{N}$ and $\textsf{HB}$ (and the dual-intuitionistic logic $\textsf{DualInt}$) that respect a distinction between proofs and refutations. The application distinguishes the categories by reinterpreting the agents of multiple-agent justification logic as devices that operate exclusively on one or the other category. The analyses reveal that differences between $\textsf{N}$ and $\textsf{HB}$ can be reduced to competing interaction principles characterizing the coordination between proofs and refutations. We conclude by reappraising some of the unusual features of $\textsf{HB}$ in light of the explicit analysis of $\textsf{HB}$.
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Pinto, António Costa. "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships". Contemporary European History 11, nr 3 (31.07.2002): 429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777302003053.
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This article considers four dictatorships that have each been associated with European fascism: Portuguese Salazarism, Spanish Francoism, Italian Fascism and German National Socialism. It seeks to ascertain the ‘locus’ of political decision-making authority, the composition and the recruitment channels of the dictatorships' ministerial elites during the fascist era. The interaction between the single party, the government, the state apparatus and civil society appears fundamental if we are to achieve an understanding of the different ways in which the various dictatorships of the fascist era functioned. The party and its ancillary organisations were not simply parallel institutions: they attempted to gain control of the bureaucracy and select the governing elite – forcing some dictatorships towards an unstable equilibrium in the process, even while they were the central agents for the creation and maintenance of the leader's charismatic authority. The article focuses on an analysis of the gradations of these tensions that may be illustrated by the eventual emergence of a weaker or stronger ‘dualism of power’. This ‘dualism of power’ appears to be the determining factor in explanations for the typological and classificatory variations used to qualify those dictatorships that have been historically associated with fascism, and which have been variously defined as ‘authoritarian’ and ‘totalitarian’, or as ‘authoritarian’ and ‘fascist’.
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Babatoundé, Alain L. "Dualisme financier et politique monétaire : un réexamen théorique des implications". Articles 91, nr 3 (26.05.2016): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036493ar.
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Cet article réexamine les implications monétaires du dualisme financier. Enrichissant le cadre d’analyse de Sidrauski (1967), Montiel (1991) puis Agénor et Alper (2009) des dépôts décentralisés pour lesquels les agents ont une préférence (Ary Tanimoune, 2007), nous dérivons l’offre de dépôts des agents non financiers sur le marché des fonds prêtables. Nous montrons que le taux d’intérêt créditeur des institutions de microfinance (IMF) et celui des banques ont un même effet direct ou indirect sur l’offre de dépôts décentralisés; cet effet dépend d’un niveau critique de différentiel de taux. L’effet substitution attendu d’une hausse de taux d’intérêt créditeur des banques s’opère si et seulement si le différentiel de taux qui prévaut est inférieur à ce seuil critique. Nous concluons ainsi, que la politique de taux créditeur reste inefficace lorsque les différentiels de taux d’intérêt entre les deux sous-secteurs sont relativement faibles. Avec cet ancrage théorique, non seulement le résultat relativise la proposition de Eboué (1990) suivant laquelle les dépôts décentralisés renforcent l’activité bancaire avec une meilleure mobilisation de l’épargne à des fins d’investissement productif, mais aussi, il apporte une explication à l’échec des politiques de libéralisation financière dans les économies en développement. Le modèle permet d’établir par ailleurs, une relation inverse entre l’offre de dépôts décentralisés et le taux d’intérêt sur le marché monétaire.
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Casiavera. "Strategi Peserta Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Mempertahankan Status Pesertanya; Studi Nagari Punggasan Timur Kecamatan Linggo Sari Baganti Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan". Jurnal Masyarakat Maritim 3, nr 2 (27.12.2019): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jmm.v3i2.1716.
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This study explains about PKH recipients’ strategy to accept the assistance and not to be graduated. This study used the qualitative approach using descriptive type. Informants are chosen based on purposive sampling technique while data collection applies observation technique and in-depth interview (loosely structured interview). It uses Structuration theory proposed by Anthony Giddens which focuses on duality relation between agent and structure.
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Kroos, Christian, Damith C. Herath i Stelarc. "Evoking Agency: Attention Model and Behavior Control in a Robotic Art Installation". Leonardo 45, nr 5 (październik 2012): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00435.
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Robotic embodiments of artificial agents seem to reinstate a body-mind dualism as consequence of their technical implementation, but could this supposition be a misconception? The authors present their artistic, scientific and engineering work on a robotic installation, the Articulated Head, and its perception-action control system, the Thinking Head Attention Model and Behavioral System (THAMBS). The authors propose that agency emerges from the interplay of the robot's behavior and the environment and that, in the system's interaction with humans, it is to the same degree attributed to the robot as it is grounded in the robot's actions: Agency cannot be instilled; it needs to be evoked.
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M'hamdi, Ahmed, Fatima-Ezahra Sfa, Mohamed Nemiche, Saida Hachimi El Idrissi i Rafael Pla-López. "Modelling “Occident/Orient” duality and migration process with mobile agents". Systems Research and Behavioral Science 36, nr 6 (listopad 2019): 750–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.2642.
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HEYNE, GREGOR, MICHAEL KUPPER i LUDOVIC TANGPI. "PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION UNDER NONLINEAR UTILITY". International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 19, nr 05 (29.07.2016): 1650029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024916500291.
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This paper studies the utility maximization problem of an agent with nontrivial endowment, and whose preferences are modeled by the maximal subsolution of a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). We prove existence of an optimal trading strategy and relate our existence result to the existence of a maximal subsolution to a controlled decoupled forward–BSDE (FBSDE). Using BSDE duality, we show that the utility maximization problem can be seen as a robust control problem admitting a saddle point if the generator of the BSDE additionally satisfies a specific growth condition. We show by convex duality that any saddle point of the robust control problem agrees with a primal and a dual optimizer of the utility maximization problem, and can be characterized in terms of a BSDE solution.
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Mehtta, Megnaa. "Nonhuman Governance". Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 42, nr 3 (1.12.2022): 584–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-10148247.
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Abstract The current ecological crisis and its accompanying environmental consciousness has prodded many to reject Western dualism and instead embrace animism. Taking the Sundarbans forests of India as a starting point, the author shows how several animated, nonhuman agents of the region guide both resource use and social relationships through a set of rules known as the “rules of the jungle.” The source of these rules are deities, demons, and spirits—that is, “cosmic polities”—that undeniably govern life in the Sundarbans and across the landscape of South Asia. Mehtta shows how such nonhuman forms of governance and animistic ontologies can act as a source not only of care and an ecological consciousness but also are capable of exclusion and discrimination. Consequently, the South Asian context provides an important cautionary tale about the blind embrace of animism as the sole savior of our ecological crisis by revealing a spectrum of violence within certain strands of animistic ontologies. Simultaneously the author shows how Western repertoires of thought reveal framing devices that transcend dualism and may be read as the precursors of contemporary environmental consciousness. This article ultimately proposes the importance of acknowledging a bricolage of ontologies and realities without entrenching them in a particular identity of caste, tribe, or “indigeneity” or in being of “the West” or of “the rest of the world.”
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Spahn, Andreas. "Digital Objects, Digital Subjects and Digital Societies: Deontology in the Age of Digitalization". Information 11, nr 4 (20.04.2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11040228.
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Digitalization affects the relation between human agents and technological objects. This paper looks at digital behavior change technologies (BCT) from a deontological perspective. It identifies three moral requirements that are relevant for ethical approaches in the tradition of Kantian deontology: epistemic rationalism, motivational rationalism and deliberational rationalism. It argues that traditional Kantian ethics assumes human ‘subjects’ to be autonomous agents, whereas ‘objects’ are mere passive tools. Digitalization, however, challenges this Cartesian subject-object dualism: digital technologies become more and more autonomous and take on agency. Similarly, human subjects can outsource agency and will-power to technologies. In addition, our intersubjective relations are being more and more shaped by digital technologies. The paper therefore re-examines the three categories ‘subject’, ‘object’ and ‘intersubjectivity’ in light of digital BCTs and suggests deontological guidelines for digital objects, digital subjects and a digitally mediated intersubjectivity, based on a re-examination of the requirements of epistemic, motivational and deliberational rationalism.
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Ferenczi, Szilárd. "Murder, Revolt and State of Siege. Reforming Cluj/Kolozsvár's City Police in 1901". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia 66, nr 1 (luty 2022): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhist.2021.1.06.
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"Murder, Revolt and State of Siege. Reforming Cluj/Kolozsvár's City Police in 1901. In August of 1901, after the brutal murder of an army officer by two police agents, followed by an uprising in Cluj/Kolozsvár, long serving chief of police Pál Deák was removed from office, and the city’s police institution was reorganized, to the extent of conditioning even the private life of police agents. The study presents a detailed account of the events, contextualizing them inside the dualist-era history of the city’s police, attempting, in the narrative process, to bring its protagonists and their motives as close as possible to the contemporary reader. Keywords: Urban history, Police, Self-government, Institutional reform, Violence. "
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Rasyid, Erwin, Fitri Maulidah Rahmawati i Hari Akbar Sugiantoro. "Communication Structuring in Aisyiyah’s Empowerment Activities in Isolated Tribal Communities". Komunikator 14, nr 2 (14.11.2022): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jkm.16059.
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Several parties continue to criticize the empowerment of remote tribal or indigenous communities. The empowerment program for remote indigenous communities has not yet been deemed effective for empowering indigenous communities. Using Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory, this study aims to examine how communication is structured in community empowerment activities for isolated tribes. Using a case study methodology, this study uses qualitative descriptive approach. Interviews were conducted with the Regional Leader of ‘Aisyiyah (PDA) Banggai, who empowered an isolated tribe in the interior of Tombiobong, Maleo Jaya village, South Batui sub-district, Banggai district, Central Sulawesi (Sulteng). The study indicates that social reproduction occurs through the duality of structures in Aisyiyah empowerment activities among the indigenous Loinang people. This fits with Giddens’s idea of duality, which says that structure and agent work together and affect each other.
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Sérgio, Manuel. "A Filosofia da Libertação e a alta competição desportiva". MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 1, nr 1 (30.10.2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463.2017.v1.n1.p91-96.
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ResumoNa visão de um administrador ou gestor desportivo, o mundo é entrevisto pelo prisma dos negócios, dado que, para ele, no mundo todo, as pessoas não passam de agentes económicos, compradores ou vendedores, encontrando-se o desporto, inserido em pleno sistema capitalista e, com efeito, o atleta de altos rendimentos, no dualismo senhor-servo, objectualizado. Na exigência de se salientar e apontar possibilidades, este breve ensaio indica um novo tempo, um novo mundo, uma história nova, na qual o futebol é mais do que futebol e o desporto é mais do que desporto, integrando-se na construção de uma humanidade diferente, de uma globalização alternativa, de uma competição-diálogo, no lugar da competição hostil. Isto exige um novo treino desportivo, não apenas “tático”, mas “antropológico e tático”. Na Ciência da Motricidade Humana, pela transcendência, o ser humano não é um ser resignado, fatalista, ele define-se, acima do mais, pelo seu futuro, pelos seus possíveis.Palavras-chave: Desporto. Capitalismo. Ciência da Motricidade Humana.The Philosophy of Liberation and the high sport competitionAbstractIn the eyes of an administrator or sports manager, the world is visualized by the prism of business, given that, for him, all over the world, people are nothing more than economic agents, buyers or sellers, and sports are included in the system capitalist and, indeed, the high-yielding athlete, in the master-servant dualism, objectified. In the demand to emphasize and point out possibilities, this brief essay indicates a new time, a new world, a new history, in which football is more than football and sport is more than sport, integrating itself into the construction of a humanity, an alternative globalization, a competition-dialogue, instead of hostile competition. This requires a new sports training, not just “tactical”, but “anthropological and tactical”. In the Science of Human Motricity, by transcendence, the human being is not a resigned, fatalistic being, he is defined above all by his future, by his possible.Keywords: Sport. Capitalism. Science of Human Motricity.La Filosofía de la Liberación y la alta competición deportivaResumenEn la visión de un administrador o gestor deportivo, el mundo es visualizado por el prisma de los negocios, dado que, para él, en todo el mundo, las personas no pasan de agentes económicos, compradores o vendedores, encontrándose el deporte, insertado en pleno sistema capitalista y, con efecto, el atleta de altos rendimientos, en el dualismo señor-siervo, objetivado. En la exigencia de señalar y apuntar posibilidades, este breve ensayo indica un nuevo tiempo, un nuevo mundo, una historia nueva, en la que el fútbol es más que fútbol y el deporte es más que deporte, integrándose en la construcción de una humanidad diferente, de una globalización alternativa, de una competencia-diálogo, en lugar de la competencia hostil. Esto exige un nuevo entrenamiento deportivo, no sólo “táctico”, pero “antropológico y táctico”. En la Ciencia de la Motricidad Humana, por la trascendencia, el ser humano no es un ser resignado, fatalista, él se define, sobre todo, por su futuro, por sus posibles.Palabras clave: Deporte. Capitalismo. Ciencia de la Motricidad Humana.
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Artiga González, Álvaro. "dualismo analítico agente/estructura y las relaciones entre economía y política en El Salvador". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 77, nr 769 (17.08.2022): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v77i769.7052.
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Las relaciones entre economía y política pueden ser observadas en el ámbito de las políticas públicas. Eso es lo que suelen hacer los manuales básicos de macroeconomía y ciencia política. Sin embargo, los momentos de (re)estructuración económica y política constituyen una oportunidad para profundizar en su estudio que no suele aparecer en esos manuales. La historia económica y política de El Salvador ofrece varios de esos momentos oportunos para estudiar las relaciones entre las estructuras económica y política. Sobre todo, si se les observa bajo el prisma del dualismo analítico agente/estructura. Esto implica considerar esas relaciones no de manera directa, entre estructuras, sino de manera indirecta, entre personas que operan como agentes en ambas estructuras. La (re)estructuración económica en El Salvador ha tenido, históricamente, un correlato en la (re)estructuración política. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 77, No. 769, 2022: 59-85.
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Octaviana, Natasya. "ANALISIS ELEMEN-ELEMEN FRAUD HEXAGON THEORY SEBAGAI DETERMINAN FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING". Jurnal Akuntansi 11, nr 2 (30.08.2022): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46806/ja.v11i2.895.
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The financial report is a report that presents data about the company's finances in a certain period. The importance of a financial report will be a trigger for company management to take various ways so that the company's financial statements always look good. This study uses agency theory, which is a theory that explains the relationship between shareholders (principals) and management (agents), where the agent is tasked with carrying out every order from the principal to improve company performance so that it can put pressure on agents to commit financial statement fraud. The sample of this research is infrastructure, utility, and transportation companies listed on the IDX during the 2018-2020 period, totaling 45 companies so as to obtain 135 research samples. This research was conducted with non-probability sampling technique and purposive sampling method. The tests in this research are pooling test and logistic regression analysis test. This study states that the variables of financial stability, nature of industry, and the ratio of total accruals have a positive and significant effect on the possibility of fraudulent financial reporting. The financial target variable has a negative and significant effect on the possibility of fraudulent financial reporting. Meanwhile, external pressure, ineffective monitoring, change in auditor, CEO's education, frequent number of CEO's pictures, and state-owned enterprises variables have no significant effect on the possibility of fraudulent financial reporting. Suggestions for further researchers are to add other independent variables such as personal financial needs, CEO duality, change in directors, and political connection as variables that can trigger financial statement fraud.
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Mathrani, Anuradha, i Sanjay Mathrani. "Work Practices to Curb Attrition in the Indian Hi-Tech Software Development Industry". International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 2, nr 3 (lipiec 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcitp.2011070101.
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Whilst collaborative knowledge work is gaining momentum across national borders, there are a number of issues associated with management of human resources creating this knowledge. This is especially relevant where IT professionals learn to apply present and prior work contexts together over ICT tools. But the tenure of IT professionals is often limited, leading to loss of specialist skills and continuity of knowledge flow. Indian firms have recognised the importance of human capital as a vital knowledge resource and are making efforts to reduce attrition. This paper sheds light on how hi-tech software firms overcome the challenges associated with the high attrition of IT professionals, and provides new insights on emerging practices for retaining and motivating the agents. Findings reveal that agents have the power to bring about transformation in organisational practices. New organisational routines for retaining professionals have been implemented to motivate professionals and capture contextual knowledge into project repositories. This reduces dependency of IT firms on individuals. The study illustrates empirically the dualism between IT professionals and organisational work structures for enabling each other in knowledge industries.
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Sérgio, Manuel. "A Filosofia da Libertação e a alta competição desportiva". MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 1, nr 1 (30.10.2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463-2017-v1-n1-p91-96.
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Resumo Na visão de um administrador ou gestor desportivo, o mundo é entrevisto pelo prisma dos negócios, dado que, para ele, no mundo todo, as pessoas não passam de agentes económicos, compradores ou vendedores, encontrando-se o desporto, inserido em pleno sistema capitalista e, com efeito, o atleta de altos rendimentos, no dualismo senhor-servo, objectualizado. Na exigência de se salientar e apontar possibilidades, este breve ensaio indica um novo tempo, um novo mundo, uma história nova, na qual o futebol é mais do que futebol e o desporto é mais do que desporto, integrando-se na construção de uma humanidade diferente, de uma globalização alternativa, de uma competição-diálogo, no lugar da competição hostil. Isto exige um novo treino desportivo, não apenas “tático”, mas “antropológico e tático”. Na Ciência da Motricidade Humana, pela transcendência, o ser humano não é um ser resignado, fatalista, ele define-se, acima do mais, pelo seu futuro, pelos seus possíveis.Palavras-chave: Desporto. Capitalismo. Ciência da Motricidade Humana. The Philosophy of Liberation and the high sport competition Abstract In the eyes of an administrator or sports manager, the world is visualized by the prism of business, given that, for him, all over the world, people are nothing more than economic agents, buyers or sellers, and sports are included in the system capitalist and, indeed, the high-yielding athlete, in the master-servant dualism, objectified. In the demand to emphasize and point out possibilities, this brief essay indicates a new time, a new world, a new history, in which football is more than football and sport is more than sport, integrating itself into the construction of a humanity, an alternative globalization, a competition-dialogue, instead of hostile competition. This requires a new sports training, not just “tactical”, but “anthropological and tactical”. In the Science of Human Motricity, by transcendence, the human being is not a resigned, fatalistic being, he is defined above all by his future, by his possible.Keywords: Sport. Capitalism. Science of Human Motricity. La Filosofía de la Liberación y la alta competición deportiva Resumen En la visión de un administrador o gestor deportivo, el mundo es visualizado por el prisma de los negocios, dado que, para él, en todo el mundo, las personas no pasan de agentes económicos, compradores o vendedores, encontrándose el deporte, insertado en pleno sistema capitalista y, con efecto, el atleta de altos rendimientos, en el dualismo señor-siervo, objetivado. En la exigencia de señalar y apuntar posibilidades, este breve ensayo indica un nuevo tiempo, un nuevo mundo, una historia nueva, en la que el fútbol es más que fútbol y el deporte es más que deporte, integrándose en la construcción de una humanidad diferente, de una globalización alternativa, de una competencia-diálogo, en lugar de la competencia hostil. Esto exige un nuevo entrenamiento deportivo, no sólo “táctico”, pero “antropológico y táctico”. En la Ciencia de la Motricidad Humana, por la trascendencia, el ser humano no es un ser resignado, fatalista, él se define, sobre todo, por su futuro, por sus posibles.Palabras clave: Deporte. Capitalismo. Ciencia de la Motricidad Humana.
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Oertel, Frank, i Mark Owen. "On Utility-Based Superreplication Prices of Contingent Claims with Unbounded Payoffs". Journal of Applied Probability 44, nr 4 (grudzień 2007): 880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1197908811.
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Consider a financial market in which an agent trades with utility-induced restrictions on wealth. For a utility function which satisfies the condition of reasonable asymptotic elasticity at -∞, we prove that the utility-based superreplication price of an unbounded (but sufficiently integrable) contingent claim is equal to the supremum of its discounted expectations under pricing measures with finite loss-entropy. For an agent whose utility function is unbounded from above, the set of pricing measures with finite loss-entropy can be slightly larger than the set of pricing measures with finite entropy. Indeed, the former set is the closure of the latter under a suitable weak topology. Central to our proof is a proof of the duality between the cone of utility-based superreplicable contingent claims and the cone generated by pricing measures with finite loss-entropy.
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Oertel, Frank, i Mark Owen. "On Utility-Based Superreplication Prices of Contingent Claims with Unbounded Payoffs". Journal of Applied Probability 44, nr 04 (grudzień 2007): 880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200003600.
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Consider a financial market in which an agent trades with utility-induced restrictions on wealth. For a utility function which satisfies the condition of reasonable asymptotic elasticity at -∞, we prove that the utility-based superreplication price of an unbounded (but sufficiently integrable) contingent claim is equal to the supremum of its discounted expectations under pricing measures with finite loss-entropy. For an agent whose utility function is unbounded from above, the set of pricing measures with finite loss-entropy can be slightly larger than the set of pricing measures with finite entropy. Indeed, the former set is the closure of the latter under a suitable weak topology. Central to our proof is a proof of the duality between the cone of utility-based superreplicable contingent claims and the cone generated by pricing measures with finite loss-entropy.
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Indri, Kartika, Pramadila Icca i Sulistyowati Sri. "GCG, CORPORATE CHARACTERISTICS, AND FINANCIAL DISTRESS AS A DETERMINANT OF EXTENSIVE VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURES". Jurnal RAK (Riset Akuntansi Keuangan) 6, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rak.v6i1.4346.
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The existence of a conflict of interest between the principal and the agent causes information asymmetry. This information asymmetry can be minimized by voluntary disclosure in the annual report. GCG factors, company characteristics, and financial distress are predicted to influence the extensive voluntary disclosure. This study aims to examine the effect of ownership dispersion, financial distress, the board size, CEO duality and age of listings on the extensive voluntary disclosure. Data population are basic and chemical industry companies listed on IDX for the 2015-2018. A purposive sampling was used as method and obtained 160 samples. This study used secondary data from annual reports. Data were analyzed by using the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis method. This study found that Ownership Dispersion and Size of the Board of Commissioners have a significant positive effect on Extensive Voluntary Disclosure. Whereas Financial Distress, CEO Duality, and Age of Listing have no significant effect on Extensive Voluntary Disclosure.
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Hamzah, Muhammad Zilal, i Andhika Suparjan. "PENGARUH KARAKTERISTTK CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHAD AP STRUKTUR MODAL". Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing dan Informasi 9, nr 1 (14.04.2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v9i1.665.
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<p><em>Today, global economics condition has given many changes in national </em><em>economics situation, especially in business competition. It can be seen from the </em><em>agents of economics activity either domestic or foreign agent who operated </em><em>their activities in Indonesia. Hence, every company should have their own </em><em>characteristic in order to develop their business, if compares to anothers. This </em><em>research aims to know the effect of corporate governance characteristic on capital structure. With using Ordinary Least Square method, this research </em><em>finds that Board Size, Board Composition, CEO Duality, CEO Tenure, Firm Size, ROA, Risk, and Growth have significant effect toward their Debt Ratio, </em><em>simultaneously. Meanwhile, partially Board Size and Growth have no </em><em>significant effect toward Debt Ratio. As the conclusion, the good corporate </em><em>governance will increase the value of the firm.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Corporate Governance, Capital Structure, value of the firm.</em></p>
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Krisdinanto, Nanang. "PIERRE BOURDIEU, SANG JURU DAMAI". KANAL: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 2, nr 2 (1.10.2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/kanal.v2i2.300.
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Pierre Bourdieu built his theoretical orientation as a solution to what he saw as a false opposition between objectivism and subjectivism; to quote Bourdieu: “absurd opposition between individual and society”. Bourdieu offered a point of view that emphasizes on duality in the relationship between agent and structure, as an alternative to the previously existing dualistic views. Bourdieu refers to his theoretical orientation as genetic structuralism, constructivist structuralism or structuralist constructivism. Through the concept of habitus, field, and capital, Bourdieu integrated objectivism (which emphasizes the role of objective structure in social practice) and subjectivism (which emphasizes the role of agent in social practice). Bourdieu formulated the theory of social practice with the equation (Habitus x Capital) + Field = Practice. Practice, in Bourdieu’s mind, is the product of the relationship between habitus and field, wherein within field itself there are powers at stake, especially between people with capital and people without capital.
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Chen, Biyun, Yanni Chen, Bin Li, Yun Zhu i Chi Zhang. "An Optimal Dispatching Model for Integrated Energy Microgrid Considering the Reliability Principal–Agent Contract". Sustainability 14, nr 13 (23.06.2022): 7645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137645.
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As the increasing penetration of sustainable energy brings risks and opportunities for energy system reliability, at the same time, considering the multi-dimensional differentiation of users’ reliability demands can further explore the potential value of reliability resources in Integrated Energy Microgrid (IEM). To activate the reliability resources in a market-oriented perspective and flexibly optimize the operational reservation in dispatch, an optimal dispatching model in IEM considering reliability principal–agent contracts is proposed. We establish the reliability principal–agent mechanism and propose a cooperative gaming model of Integrated Energy Operator (IEO) and Integrated Energy User (IEU) based on the optimal dispatching model. At the upper level, the economic dispatching model of IEO is established to optimize the operation reservation, and the reliability principal–agent contract from users in the lower level would influence reliability improvement. Each IEU in the lower level maximizes its energy utilization and gives the corresponding reliability principal–agent incentives according to the reliability improvement degree and its actual demand. The bi-level model is solved by the KKT condition and strong duality theorem. A case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model in reducing the energy dispatch cost, improving the economic benefits of each participant, realizing the optimal allocation of reliability resources and optimizing the IEM energy structure, and the sensitivity analysis of dispatch cost with the user’s energy-using benefits is discussed.
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Feng, Liu. "The Impact of Governance Mechanism of Financial Listed Companies on the Pay and the Pay-Performance Sensitivity of Executives". International Journal of Business and Management 13, nr 3 (25.02.2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n3p233.
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The corporate governance mechanism is very important to solve the principal-agent problem effectively. Based on the particularity of the financial industry, this paper uses the panel data of 45 listed companies in China's financial industry from 2007 to 2015, the empirical results show that the degree of ownership concentration, the duality of CEO and chairman of the board and the independent directors proportion have a significant negative impact on executive pay, and the size of the board of supervisors has no marked impact on executive pay. The degree of ownership concentration has a significant positive impact on the pay-performance sensitivity, and the duality of CEO and chairman of the board, the independent directors proportion and the size of the board of supervisors have a significant negative impact on the pay-performance sensitivity. For the listed companies in the financial sector, they should pay attention to the executive pay disclosure system, the board of supervisors governance mechanism and the independent director system. We can use the degree of ownership concentration to improve the pay-performance sensitivity, and make corporate governance more effective.