Artykuły w czasopismach: „Dual fuel mode”

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Ramesha, D. K., Adhiviraj Singh Bangari, Chirag P. Rathod i Chaitanya R. Samartha. "Experimental Investigation Of Biogas-Biodiesel Dual Fuel Combustion In A Diesel Engine". Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 13, nr 1 (1.06.2015): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2015-0003.

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Abstract This study is an attempt at achieving diesel fuel equivalent performance from diesel engines with maximum substitution of diesel with renewable fuels. In this context the study has been designed to analyze the influence of B20 algae biodiesel as a pilot fuel in a biodiesel biogas dual fuel engine, and results are compared to those of biodiesel and diesel operation at identical engine settings. Experiments were performed at various loads from 0 to 100 % of maximum load at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. In general, B20 algae biodiesel is compatible with diesel in terms of performance and combustion characteristics. Dual fuel mode operation displays lower thermal efficiency and higher fuel consumption than for other fuel modes of the test run across the range of engine loads. Dual fuel mode displayed lower emissions of NOx and Smoke opacity while HC and CO concentrations were considerably higher as compared to other fuels. In dual fuel mode peak pressure and heat release rate were slightly higher compared to diesel and biodiesel mode of operation for all engine loads.

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Shu, Zepeng, Huibing Gan, Zhenguo Ji i Ben Liu. "Modeling and Optimization of Fuel-Mode Switching and Control Systems for Marine Dual-Fuel Engine". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, nr 12 (15.12.2022): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10122004.

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The marine dual-fuel engine can switch between diesel and gas modes according to the requirements of sailing conditions, fuel cost, and other working conditions to make sure the ship is in the best operating condition. In fuel-mode switching in engines, problems such as unstable combustion and large speed fluctuations are prone to occur. However, there are some disadvantages, such as poor safety, environmental pollution, and easy damage to the engine, when the large, marine dual-fuel engine is directly tested on the bench. Therefore, in this paper, a joint simulation model of a dual-fuel engine is built using GT Power and MATLAB/Simulink to investigate the engine’s transient process of fuel-mode switching, and the conventional fuel PID(Proportion Integral Differential) control system is optimized using the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm. The simulation results show that the dual-fuel engine model has good accuracy, and the response in transient conditions meets the manufacturer’s requirements. In the process of switching from gas mode to diesel mode, due to the rapid change in fuel, the engine parameters, such as speed, fluctuate significantly, which is prone to safety accidents. In the process of switching from diesel to gas mode, because the fuel switching is gentle, all parameters are relatively stable, and the possibility of safety accidents is slight. The fuel PID control system optimized based on the cuckoo search algorithm has a better engine control effect than the traditional fuel control system.

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Sahoo, Bibhuti B., Niranjan Sahoo i Ujjwal K. Saha. "Dual Fuel Performance Studies of a Small Diesel Engine Using Green Fuels". Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (październik 2011): 2101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2101.

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The objective of this work is to review state of art practices and potential in diesel engines using greener fuels. Biogas with jatropha bio-diesel as ignition source was tested in a compression ignition diesel engine at six different loads under dual fuel mode. With a simple modification, the base engine was qualified to a dual fuel operation. For all the loads evaluated, dual fuel mode achieved a possible bio-diesel substitution of about 65%. In addition, it consumed lesser friction power as compared to the diesel mode during the operation. There were reductions in thermal efficiency, cylinder peak pressure and combustion noise under the dual fuel operation than the diesel mode due to lower burning velocity of biogas together with a longer pilot delay. However, this operation registered extremely lower NOx levels at all loads along-with reduced CO emissions at medium and higher loads. While significant increases in hydrocarbon emissions were observed.

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García, Antonio, Javier Monsalve-Serrano, David Villalta i Rafael Sari. "Fuel sensitivity effects on dual-mode dual-fuel combustion operation for different octane numbers". Energy Conversion and Management 201 (grudzień 2019): 112137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112137.

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Stepanenko, Denys, i Zbigniew Kneba. "ECU calibration for gaseous dual fuel supply system in compression ignition engines". Combustion Engines 182, nr 3 (30.09.2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-306.

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The dual fuel (DF) combustion mode is proven solution that allows to improve or get at the same level engine performance and reduce toxic compounds in exhaust gases which is confirmed by researchers and end-users. DF combustion mode uses two fuels gaseous fuel as a primary energy source and a pilot quantity of diesel fuel as ignition source. However, in order, to fully take advantage of the potential of the dual fuel mode, DF system must be proper calibrated. Despite the existence of commercial control systems for dual fuel engines on the market, the literature on the important parameters for the engine's operation introduced during calibration is scarce. This article briefly describes a concept of working algorithm and calibration strategy of a dual fuel electronic control unit (ECU) The purpose of calibration is to achieve the greatest possible use of an alternative gaseous fuel without causing accelerated engine wear.

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Zhang, Fan, Huiqiang Zhang i Bing Wang. "Conceptual study of a dual-rocket-based-combined-cycle powered two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, nr 5 (1.05.2017): 944–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017703148.

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The liquid oxygen/methane staged cycle liquid-rocket engine is one of the most potential rocket engines in the future for its higher performance, higher fuel density and reusable capacity. Two working states of this liquid-rocket engine named as full-load state and half-load state are defined in this paper. Based on this liquid-rocket engine, a dual-rocket-based-combined-cycle propulsion system with liquid oxygen /air/methane as propellants is therefore proposed. The dual-rocket-based-combined-cycle system has then five working modes: the hybrid mode, pure ejector mode, ramjet mode, scramjet mode and pure rocket mode. In hybrid mode, the booster and ejector rockets driven by the full-load liquid-rocket engine work together with the purpose of reducing thrust demand on ejector rocket. In scramjet mode, the fuel-rich burned hot gas generated by the half-load liquid-rocket engine is used as fuel, which is helpful to reduce the technical difficulty of scramjet in hypersonic speed. The five working modes of dual-rocket-based-combined-cycle are highly integrated based on the full- or half-load state of the liquid oxygen/methane staged cycle liquid-rocket engine, and the unified single type fuel of liquid methane is adopted for the whole modes. Then a preliminary design of a horizontal takeoff two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle is conducted based on the dual-rocket-based-combined-cycle propulsion system. Under an averaged baseline thrust and specific impulse, the launch trajectory to reach a low Earth orbit at 100 km is optimized via the pseudo-spectral method subject to maximizing the payload mass. It is shown that the two-stage-to-orbit vehicle based on the dual-rocket-based-combined-cycle can achieve the payload mass fraction of 0.0469 and 0.0576 for polar mission and equatorial mission, respectively. Conclusively, insights gained in this paper can be usefully applied to a more detailed design of the dual-rocket-based-combined-cycle powered two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle.

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Chaichan, Miqdam, i Dina Muneam. "Operational Parameters Influence on Resulted Noise of Multi-Cylinders Engine Runs on Dual Fuels Mode". Journal of Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences ( Print ISSN: 1681-6870 ,Online ISSN: 2790-2293 ), nr 1 (14.10.2021): 186–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.55562/jrucs.v35i1.269.

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Noise is a pollutant by the combustion process that may have direct effect upon surrounding environment. In this study, noise measurements were taken for multi cylinders, four stroke Fiat engine converted to run as dual fuel engine on diesel and gaseous fuels of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas (NG). The study focused on the influence of some operating parameters. These parameters included: engine load, pilot fuel injection timing, pilot fuel mass, and engine speed. It was found that using LPG as the main fuel in duel fuel mixture exhibits higher engine noise compared to NG or neat diesel. The results showed that advancing injection timing from optimum ones increased engine sound pressure levels.

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Tang, Yuanyuan, He Li, Yuchi Jiang, Wenwei Liang i Jundong Zhang. "The Control-Oriented Heat Release Rate Model for a Marine Dual-Fuel Engine under All the Operating Modes and Loads". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, nr 1 (2.01.2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010064.

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An accurate model plays an important role in control strategy development of smart ships. For the control-oriented engine models, calibration by experienced personnel is key to outputting high accuracy. However, the dual-fuel engine runs in liquid fuel mode, gas fuel mode, and fuel sharing mode. It is impossible to tune a single model or a set of parameters for the dual-fuel engine under all operating modes and loads. On the basis of our experience and practice, a Wiebe-based heat release rate model is used. To make the Wiebe model available for the dual-fuel engine, the Wiebe parameters are assumed to be linear functions. The combustion beginning angle is modeled as a function of fuel quantity in liquid fuel mode and as a look-up table in gas fuel mode for all loads. The combustion duration and the combustion distribution factor are modeled as a function of fuel quantity and engine revolution both in liquid fuel mode and in gas fuel mode. In fuel sharing mode, the heat release rate is modeled as a combination of the heat release rate models in liquid fuel mode and gas fuel mode. This model is called the SL model. For a further discussion, four types of combinations in fuel sharing mode are investigated. In addition, in liquid fuel mode and gas fuel mode, the combustion duration model and the combustion distribution factor model are replaced by the Woschni/Anisits model, which was specifically used in the diesel engine. This variation of model is called the WA model. To validate our hypothesis and models, the Wiebe parameters in liquid fuel mode and gas fuel mode are given, four types of combinations and two cases of comparisons in fuel sharing model are discussed, and the engine performance is checked and analysed. Results show that for the SL model, the average RMSE is 1.45% in the liquid fuel mode, 2.22% in the gas fuel mode, and 2.53% in the fuel sharing mode. For the WA model, the RMSE of the NOx is 9.79% in liquid fuel mode and 45.20% in gas fuel mode. Its maximum error reaches −65.54%. The proposed SL model is accurate and can generate Wiebe parameters that are better than the carefully tuned parameters. The WA model is not suitable for engine models that require NOx-emission-related parameters.

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Arbi Trihatmojo, Ahmad, Bambang Sudarmanta i Oki Muraza. "Performance and Combustion Process of a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Operating with CNG-Palm Oil Biodiesel". Journal of Railway Transportation and Technology 2, nr 1 (31.03.2023): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jrtt.v2i1.22.

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Efforts to build and develop a low-emission transportation system have been carried out, one of which is by applying biodiesel and gas to dual-fuel diesel engines. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, low-sulfur, and high flash point alternative diesel fuel. In the dual fuel mode, CNG is used as a substitute fuel and palm biodiesel as a combustion pilot which is injected directly into the combustion chamber at 13 °CA BTDC. CNG injection timing was 110 °CA ATDC and the CNG injection duration was gradually increased. Performance and combustion processes in single-fuel mode and dual-fuel mode are compared. The engine was kept at a constant speed of 2000 rpm at all load conditions. The results show that the dual fuel mode at low and medium loads produces in-cylinder pressure and the heat release rate is lower than the single fuel mode, but at high loads, it produces in-cylinder pressure and the heat release rate is 5.14% greater. CO and HC emissions produced by the dual fuel mode are higher than the single fuel mode at all loads. conversely, the dual-fuel mode produces 95.58% lower smoke emissions than the single-fuel mode at all loads.

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Vaught, C., M. Witt, D. Netzer i A. Gany. "Investigation of solid-fuel, dual-mode combustion ramjets". Journal of Propulsion and Power 8, nr 5 (wrzesień 1992): 1004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23585.

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Jagadish, C., i Gumtapure Veershetty. "Experimental Studies of Biogas in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine by Dual Fuel Mode of Operation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (listopad 2019): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.109.

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The aim of this work is to examine the performance, combustion as well as emission characteristics of diesel engine performed for various mixtures of methane-enriched biogas (95% CH4). Experiments were performed on a single cylinder, four-stroke constant speed, direct injection, water-cooled diesel engine. The engine is operated by means of dual fuel mode using diesel and different mixtures of methane-enriched biogas (BG) like BG10, BG20, BG30, and BG40 mixed with the air (i.e. BG40-40% of CH4 by volume respectively) for different loads and at injection timing of 27.5° before top dead centre (bTDC). The performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the engine operated by dual fuel mode were experimentally analyzed, and compared with respect to diesel mode. The experimental result reveals that better performance and lower emissions were observed for BG40 compared to other mixtures. The brake thermal efficiency of BG40 is lower by 2.43% compared to diesel at full load. The cylinder peak pressure for dual fuel mode is higher by 6.55% when compared with diesel mode. NOx emission reduced by 2.6 % and CO emission increased by 3.3% compared to diesel at full load respectively. Keywords: Biogas, Energy, Combustion, Emission, Injection timing, dual fuel mode

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Shen, Ya Chong, Chun Hua Zhang, Gang Li i Jia Wang Zhou. "Effects of Substitution Ratio on the Emission Characteristics of a Dual-Fuel Engine Fueled with Pilot Diesel Fuel and Methanol". Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (marzec 2015): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.504.

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Substitution ratio is an important parameter influencing on the performance of dual-fuel engine. In order to study the effects of substitution ratio on the emission characteristics of diesel/ methanol dual-fuel engine, a 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine was converted into a dual-fuel engine fueled with pilot diesel fuel and methanol. Methanol was injected into the intake pipe and ignited by pilot diesel fuel. Experiments were performed at a constant speed of 1400 r/min, and at three different engine loads of 40%, 60% and 100%. The experimental results indicate that CO and HC emissions of dual-fuel mode both increase significantly with the increase of substitution ratio, and are higher than those of diesel mode. Compared to diesel mode, dual-fuel mode generates lower NOx and smoke emissions. In addition, as substitution ratio increases, NOx and smoke emissions are decreased.

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Bermúdez, Vicente, Vicente Macián, David Villalta i Lian Soto. "Impact of injection settings on gaseous emissions and particle size distribution in the dual-mode dual-fuel concept". International Journal of Engine Research 21, nr 4 (24.04.2019): 561–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419844413.

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Reactivity controlled compression ignition concept has been highlighted among the low temperature combustion strategies. However, this combustion strategy presents some problems related to high levels of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions at low load and high-pressure rise rate at high load. Therefore, to diminish these limitations, the dual-mode dual-fuel concept has been presented as an excellent alternative. This concept uses two fuels of different reactivity and switches from a dual-fuel fully premixed strategy (based on the reactivity controlled compression ignition concept) during low load to a diffusive nature during high load operation. However, the success of dual-mode dual-fuel concept depends to a large extent on the low reactivity/high reactivity fuel ratio and the injection settings. In this study, parametric variations of injection pressure and injection timing were experimentally performed to analyze the effect over each combustion process that encompasses the dual-mode dual-fuel concept and its consequent impact on gaseous and particles emissions, including an analysis of particle size distribution. The experimental results confirm how the use of an adequate injection strategy is indispensable to obtain low exhaust emission and a balance between the different pollutants. In the fully premixed reactivity controlled compression ignition strategy, the particles concentrations were dominated by nucleation mode; however, the increase in injection pressure and the advance of the diesel main injection timing provided a simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxide and solid particles (accumulation mode). During the highly premixed reactivity controlled compression ignition strategy, the accumulation-mode particles increased, and their concentrations were higher when the diesel main injection timing advanced and injection pressure decreased, as well as there was a slight increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Finally, in the dual-fuel diffusion strategy, the concentrations of accumulation-mode particles were higher and there was a considerable increase of these particles with the advance of the diesel main injection timing and the reduction of the injection pressure, while the nitrogen oxide emissions decreased.

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Li, Jianping, Di Shen, Qiang Fu, Yanhua Wang i Wenyan Song. "Mode transition of fuel control test in a dual-mode combustor". Applied Thermal Engineering 111 (styczeń 2017): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.173.

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Hountalas, Theofanis D., Maria Founti i Theodoros C. Zannis. "Experimental Investigation to Assess the Performance Characteristics of a Marine Two-Stroke Dual Fuel Engine under Diesel and Natural Gas Mode". Energies 16, nr 8 (19.04.2023): 3551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083551.

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With the aim of CO2 emissions reduction in the maritime sector, dual fuel engines operating on natural gas are the most prominent technical and commercially available solution. A promising variant is the two-stroke high-pressure natural gas injection engine, utilizing diesel pilot fuel injection for ignition of the gaseous fuel while being able to operate in diesel-only mode. In this study, a comparative analysis of the performance and the combustion mechanism of dual fuel and diesel mode for this engine type is conducted using experimental data. Studies based on measurements conducted on actual scale are limited in the literature due to the engines’ sheer size not allowing lab testing. The analysis was conducted using measurements acquired during the factory acceptance tests involving conventional operating data and cylinder pressure data acquired using a piezoelectric sensor. In terms of the mean pressure and temperature, only minor differences were found. The specific fuel consumption was improved under low load operation for the dual fuel mode by 1.8%, while a small increase of 1.2% was found near full load. Differences were found in the combustion process from 25 to 75% load with considerably faster premixed and diffusion combustion for the dual fuel mode leading to a 6–8% decrease in combustion duration. Despite the combustion process differences, the performance under dual fuel operation was overall close to that of conventional diesel with an acceptable 1.5% efficiency reduction on average. This confirms that modern dual fuel marine engines can achieve the performance standards of conventional ones while benefiting from low-carbon fuel use to reduce CO2 emissions.

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Ilves, Risto, Rauno Põldaru, Andres Annuk i Jüri Olt. "THE IMPACT OF A TWO-PHASE DIESEL FUEL PILOT INJECTION ON THE COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS AIR–FUEL MIXTURE COMBUSTION PROCESS IN A DIESEL ENGINE". Transport 37, nr 5 (20.12.2022): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.17938.

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Nowadays, there is a global trend towards the use of alternative fuels in order to reduce environmental pollution. For example, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has become more widely used around the world. The use of different fuels in engines affects the combustion process and efficiency, with the latter potentially being reduced by such means as, for example, the use of gaseous fuels in conventional diesel engines. Therefore, it is also important to know how CNG combusts in a diesel engine and how the combustion process can be improved. Consequently, the aim of the study is to give an overview of the effect of divided Diesel Fuel (DF) pilot injection on the combustion process of a naturally aspirated diesel engine using dual-fuel mode, with one fuel being DF and the other CNG. The focus of the article is on the commonly used engines on which the diesel injection system works regularly, and CNG fuel is injected into the intake manifold as an additional fuel. The engine DF quantity and injection timing are regulated by the acceleration pedal. The article provides an overview of the diesel and dual-fuel combustion process, and compare the DF and dual-fuel combustion processes. For this purpose, a test was carried out in order to measure the various involved parameters, such as the combustion pressure, torque, and fuel consumption. The results demonstrated that ignition delay does not significantly vary with the use of gas as a fuel source, and the maximum combustion pressure is actually higher with gas. The combustion is more rapid in dual-fuel mode and results indicate that when using dual-fuel mode on regular engines, it would be necessary to regulate the pre- and main-injection timing.

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Pham, Van Chien, Jae-Hyuk Choi, Beom-Seok Rho, Jun-Soo Kim, Kyunam Park, Sang-Kyun Park, Van Vang Le i Won-Ju Lee. "A Numerical Study on the Combustion Process and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Marine Engine at Full Load". Energies 14, nr 5 (1.03.2021): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051342.

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This paper presents research on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke Natural gas–Diesel dual-fuel marine engine at full load. The AVL FIRE R2018a (AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria) simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both diesel and dual-fuel mode to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed a good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 1.7% and 6.75%, while NO, soot, CO, and CO2 emissions were reduced up to 96%, 96%, 86%, and 15.9%, respectively, in the dual-fuel mode in comparison with the diesel mode. The results also show better and more uniform combustion at the late stage of the combustions inside the cylinder when operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode. Analyzing the emission characteristics and the engine performance when the injection timing varies shows that, operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode with an injection timing of 12 crank angle degrees before the top dead center is the best solution to reduce emissions while keeping the optimal engine power.

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Lee, Jeongwoo, Sanghyun Chu, Jaegu Kang, Kyoungdoug Min, Hyunsung Jung, Hyounghyoun Kim i Yohan Chi. "The classification of gasoline/diesel dual-fuel combustion based on the heat release rate shapes and its application in a light-duty single-cylinder engine". International Journal of Engine Research 20, nr 1 (16.12.2018): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418817676.

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In this research, there are two major sections for analysis: the characteristics of gasoline and diesel dual-fuel combustion and their application to operating load extension with high thermal efficiency and low emissions. All the experiments were completed using a single-cylinder compression ignition engine with 395 cc displacement. In the first section, the dual-fuel combustion modes were classified into three cases by their heat release rate shapes. Staying at 1500 r/min with a total value of 580 J of low heat for each cycle condition, the diesel injection timing was varied from before top dead center with a 6–46 °crank angle with 70% of gasoline fraction based on the low heating value. Among the modes were two suitable dual-fuel combustion modes for a premixed compression ignition. The first suitable mode shows multiple peaks in the heat release rate (mode 2) and the second suitable mode shows a single peak with a “bell-shaped” heat release rate (mode 3). These two dual-fuel combustion types showed a high gross indicated thermal efficiency of up to 46%. Based on the results in the first section, the practical application of dual-fuel premixed compression ignition combustion was investigated considering a high thermal efficiency and a high-load condition. At a 1500 r/min/gross indicated mean effective pressure of 6.5 bar, 48% of the gross indicated thermal efficiency was obtained by using dual-fuel premixed compression ignition combustion mode 3. This mode was typical of a “reactivity controlled compression ignition,” while the nitrogen oxides and the particulate matter emissions satisfied the EURO-6 regulation (0.21 g/kW h and 2.8 mg/m3, respectively). In addition, a high thermal efficiency (45%) with low maximum pressure rise rate, NOx (nitrogen oxides), and particulate matter emissions was obtained at 2000 r/min/gross indicated mean effective pressure 14 bar condition by the adjustment of dual-fuel premixed compression ignition combustion mode 2. As a result, this research contributes to the understanding and practical application of dual-fuel combustion for a light-duty compression ignition engine.

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Kumar, Ashok, Piyushi Nautiyal i Kamalasish Dev. "To Study the Effects of (Compressed Natural Gas + Diesel) Under Dual Fuel Mode on Engine Performance and Emissions Characteristic". Sensor Letters 18, nr 2 (1.02.2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4170.

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The present study is investigated on the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by compressed natural gas and base diesel (CNG + Diesel). The CNG fuels used as the primary fuel, and diesel as pilot fuel under dual-fuel mode. The pilot fuel is partially replaced by CNG at a different percentage. The primary fuel is injected into the engine with intake air during the suction stroke. The experimental results reveal the effect of CNG + diesel under dual fuel mode on BTE, BSFC, CO, CO2, HC, NOx and Smoke. It is observed from the experimental results that CO2, NOx and Smoke emissions decreased but HC and CO emissions increase with an increase in CNG energy share.

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Fu, Youyao, i Bing Xiao. "The development of an electronic control system for diesel–natural gas dual-fuel engine". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, nr 4 (23.02.2018): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818756803.

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To meet the actual application requirements for the diesel–natural gas dual-fuel engine refit, a new electronic control system for the dual-fuel engine is developed in the study. Specifically, an active mode switching board is developed to achieve flexible switching between the pure diesel mode and dual-fuel mode. A diesel nozzle physical simulator is developed to ensure that the original diesel electronic control unit does not trigger fault alarm when engine works in the dual-fuel mode. Moreover, a dual-fuel electronic control unit, which uses the high-speed and multicore TMS320F28M35 as its microcontroller unit, is additionally developed on the basis of the original diesel electronic control unit. The peak and hold current shape for the diesel nozzle is intelligently controlled by the software program in C2000 core. Experiments reveal that the developed electronic control system can select a proper working mode according to the engine operation condition and smoothly switch the working mode without any fault alarms.

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Turmina, R., C. R. Altafini, C. A. Costa, G. D. Telli i J. S. Rosa. "SMALL ENGINE-GENERATOR SET OPERATING ON DUAL-FUEL MODE WITH ETHANOL – CASTOR OIL BLENDS". Revista de Engenharia Térmica 19, nr 2 (21.12.2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v19i2.78609.

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The increase in greenhouse gas emissions and our dependence on fossil fuels have motivated researchers to seek the use of renewable fuels in internal combustion engines, which can be produced locally and have clean combustion. The blending method in diesel engines has been recognized as an effective alternative to partially or totally replace the use of diesel fuel. In this regard, this paper studied the operation of a small engine-generator set in mono-fuel mode (diesel fuel - DO) and in dual-fuel mode using hydrous ethanol (HET) and castor oil (OM) blends, indicating a total replacement of diesel fuel. Efficiency, power, specific fuel consumption and gaseous emissions were assessed in a single cylinder diesel cycle engine. The percentages in volume of the HET-OM samples were: 75% - 25%, 70% - 30%, 60% - 40%, and 50% - 50%. The exhaust gas temperature decreased with the mixtures. Carbon monoxide emission decreased 57%, carbon dioxide decreased 9.8%, and nitrogen oxides reduced 19%. It was also observed that the percentage of smoke opacity tends to decrease close to zero with addition of ethanol. Hydrocarbon emissions increased with rising of the OM concentration and the same for the specific fuel consumptions, which was 25.4% higher than diesel fuel. The best fuel conversion efficiency was achieved with the blend HET75-OM25, being 9% higher compared to diesel fuel operation. Power on diesel fuel operation showed a better result keeping stable, with the increase of the compression ratio and the delay of the start of injection. In general, the results confirmed that the performance is comparable to that of diesel fuel, indicating that renewable fuels appear as an alternative for the reduction of the environmental impacts and the reduction of fossil fuels consumption.

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Bai, Peng, Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan i Martin Z. Bazant. "A dual-mode rechargeable lithium–bromine/oxygen fuel cell". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, nr 27 (2015): 14165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03335g.

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Parthasarathy, M., P. V. Elumalai, M. Murunachippan, P. B. Senthilkumar, Saboor Shaik, Mohsen Sharifpur i Nima Khalilpoor. "Influence of Injection Pressure on the Dual-Fuel Mode in CI Engines Fueled with Blends of Ethanol and Tamanu Biodiesel". International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022 (28.11.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6730963.

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The acceleration of global warming is primarily attributable to nonrenewable energy sources such as conventional fossil fuels. The primary source of energy for the automobile sector is petroleum products. Petroleum fuel is depleting daily, and its use produces a significant amount of greenhouse emissions. Biofuels would be a viable alternative to petroleum fuels, but a redesign of the engine would be required for complete substitution. The use of CNG in SI engines is not new, but it has not yet been implemented in CI engines. This is due to the fuel having a greater octane rating. The sole use of CNG in a CI engine results in knocking and excessive vibration. This study utilizes CNG under dual-fuel conditions when delivered through the intake manifold. In a dual-fuel mode, compressed natural gas (CNG) is utilized as the secondary fuel and a blend of 90% tamanu methyl ester and 10% ethanol (TMEE10) is used as the primary fuel. The injection pressure (IP) of the primary fuel changes between 200 and 240 bar, while the CNG induction rate is kept constant at 0.17 kg/h. The main combustion process is governed by the injection pressure of the pilot fuel. It could be affecting factors such as the vaporization characteristics of the fuel, the homogeneity of the mixture, and the ignition delay. Originally, tamanu methyl ester (TME) and diesel were used as base fuels in the investigation. As a result of its inherent oxygen content, TME emits more NOx than diesel. The addition of 10% ethanol to TME (TMEE10) marginally reduces NOx emissions in a CI mode because of its high latent heat of vaporization characteristics. Under peak load conditions, NOx emissions of TMEE10 are 6.2% lower than those of neat TME in the CI mode. Furthermore, the experiment was conducted using TMEE10 as the primary fuel and CNG as the secondary fuel. In the dual-fuel mode, the TMEE10 blend showed higher combustion, resulting in an increase in performance and a significant decrease in emission characteristics. As a result of the CNG’s high-energy value and rapid burning rate, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of TMEE10 improves to 29.09% compared to 27.09% for neat TME. In the dual-fuel mode of TMEE10 with 20.2% CNG energy sharing, the greatest reduction in fuel consumption was 2.9%. TMEE10 with CNG induction emits 7.8%, 12.5%, and 15.5% less HC, CO, and smoke, respectively, than TME operation.

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Halewadimath, Sushurth, V. S. Yaliwal i N. R. Banapurmath. "Fuel efficiency enhancement of modified diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using renewable and sustainable fuels". International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 12, nr 4 (3.05.2019): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2019.1608331.

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Pal, Amit, i Abhishek Tiwari. "An Investigation of the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engines in Dual-Fuel Mode". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 1, nr 3 (2013): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.131311.

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Nowadays automobiles have become significantly essential to our modern life style. On the other hand, future of automobiles, built on the internal combustion engines, has been badly hit by the twin problems due to diminishing fuel supplies and environmental degradation. Thus, it is very important to identify some clean-burning, renewable, alternative fuels to ensure the safe survival of internal combustion engines. However, it is not possible to have a common alternative fuel for universal application in the existing engines that have been designed to operate on petroleum-based fuels. Towards this, scientists have proposed a range of solutions for diesel engines, one of which is the use of gaseous fuels as a complement for liquid diesel fuel. These engines, which use conventional diesel fuel and gaseous fuel, are referred to as ‘dual-fuel engines’. In this work an attempt is made to find the role of various operating parameters in optimizing engine operating and design parameters, and the effect of the type of gaseous fuel on the performance and emissions of the gas diesel engines. The ‘dual fuel concept’ is a promising technique for controlling both NOx and soot emissions even on existing diesel engine. But, HC, CO emissions and ‘bsfc’ are higher for part load gas diesel engine operations.

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Velmurugan, K., J. Arunprasad i R. Thirugnanasambantham. "Agricultural tractor engine combustion in dual-fuel mode: Optimization of pilot fuel injection". Materials Today: Proceedings 33 (2020): 3271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.666.

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Singh, Hukam, Shailesh Kumar Singh, Ashutosh Kumar i Rangnath M. S. "Effects of Dual-fuel at Different Engine Parameters". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, nr 1 (2017): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.511726.

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Rapid depletion of fossil fuels is urgently demanding an extensive research work to find out the viable alternative fuel for meeting sustainable energy demand without any environmental impact. looking at the twenty first century, it seems that cleaner and greener form of energy in complete congruence with environment are the only hope for a sustainable future.In the current investigation CNG is used with Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) in a dual fuel mode for complete combustion of charge present inside the combustion chamber, and for the reduction of emissions associated with CI engines. The engine trials were conducted on a stationary air cooled constant speed agricultural direct injection diesel engine by increasing load from 0-100%.The effects of the pilot charge on various performance and emission characteristics were evaluated on all range of load. While comparing the results with diesel an increment in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and reduction in the emissions i.e. CO, HC, smoke were found with the dual fuel mode of CNG-JOME in CI engine.

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Wu, Taoyang, Anren Yao, Guofan Qu, Youkai Ai, Wenchao Wang, Baodong Ma i Chunde Yao. "Experimental study on ultra-low raw emissions in diesel/methanol dual fuel engine based on dual-loop EGR". E3S Web of Conferences 360 (2022): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236001037.

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In this paper, an experimental investigation on achieving ultra-low raw emissions in a diesel/methanol dual fuel engine based on dual-loop EGR was carried out. The effect of dual-loop EGR (High pressure EGR and low pressure EGR) on the combustion, performance and emissions of methanol engine has been studied comprehensively. The results show that ultra-low NOx (<0.4g/kWh) and PM (<10 mg/kWh) emissions can be achieved simultaneously in diesel methanol dual fuel engine with the help of EGR. The combustion phase is delayed with the increase of EGR rate in both EGR modes. However, the methanol equivalence ratio and in cylinder combustion temperature in high pressure EGR mode are significantly higher than those in low pressure EGR mode. Therefore, the CO and THC emissions are obviously lower in high pressure EGR mode than that in low pressure EGR mode. The combustion efficiency and brake thermal efficiency of the engine are 1.9% and 9.6% higher in high pressure EGR mode than those in low pressure EGR mode, respectively.

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Karagöz, Yasin, i Majid Mohammad Sadeghi. "Electronic control unit development and emissions evaluation for hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engines". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, nr 12 (grudzień 2018): 168781401881407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018814076.

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In this study, it was aimed to operate today’s compression ignition engines easily in dual-fuel mode with a developed electronic control unit. Especially, diesel engines with mechanical fuel system can be easily converted to common-rail fuel system with a developed electronic control unit. Also, with this developed electronic control unit, old technology compression ignition engines can be turned into dual-fuel mode easily. Thus, thanks to the flexibility of engine maps to be loaded into the electronic control unit, diesel engines can conveniently be operated with alternative gas fuels and diesel dual fuel. In particular, hydrogen, an alternative, environmentally friendly, and clean gas fuel, can easily be used with diesel engines by pilot spraying. Software and hardware development of electronic control unit are made, in order to operate a diesel engine with diesel+hydrogen dual fuel. Finally, developed electronic control unit was reviewed on 1500 r/min stable engine speed on different hydrogen energy rates (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% hydrogen) according to thermic efficiency and emissions (CO, total unburned hydrocarbons, NOx, and smoke), and apart from NOx emissions, a significant improvement has been obtained. There was no increased NOx emission on 15% hydrogen working condition; however, on 45% hydrogen working condition, a dramatic increase arose.

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Koten, Hasan, Mustafa Yilmaz i M. Zafer Gul. "Compressed Biogas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine Optimization Study for Ultralow Emission". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (1.01.2014): 571063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/571063.

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The aim of this study is to find out the optimum operating conditions in a diesel engine fueled with compressed biogas (CBG) and pilot diesel dual-fuel. One-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and multiobjective optimization code were employed to investigate the influence of CBG-diesel dual-fuel combustion performance and exhaust emissions on a diesel engine. In this paper, 1D engine code and multiobjective optimization code were coupled and evaluated about 15000 cases to define the proper boundary conditions. In addition, selected single diesel fuel (dodecane) and dual-fuel (CBG-diesel) combustion modes were modeled to compare the engine performances and exhaust emission characteristics by using CFD code under various operating conditions. In optimization study, start of pilot diesel fuel injection, CBG-diesel flow rate, and engine speed were optimized and selected cases were compared using CFD code. CBG and diesel fuels were defined as leading reactants using user defined code. The results showed that significantly lower NOx emissions were emitted under dual-fuel operation for all cases compared to single-fuel mode at all engine load conditions.

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Kshatriya, Anmol Singh, Prabhatkumar Tiwari, Sreekanth M, T. M. Yunus Khan, Shaik Dawood Abdul Khadar, Mohamed Mansour i Feroskhan M. "Investigations into the Combined Effect of Mahua Biodiesel Blends and Biogas in a Dual Fuel Engine". Energies 15, nr 6 (11.03.2022): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062057.

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Rapid depletion of conventional fuel sources has led to the use of alternative fuels and implementation of variant engine technologies to reduce deleterious emissions being released and deliver thermal energy for numerous applications. This research aims to study the usage of mahua methyl ester in a single-cylinder 4-stroke CI engine, optimized to operate in the dual fuel mode. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics are recorded and compared with diesel with the sole aim of finding the blend that provides adequate performance and diminishing emissions. To this effect, the percentage of mahua biodiesel blend, load, biogas flow rate and methane fraction are varied. The experimentation is conducted using three mahua biodiesel blend variants namely B10, B20 and B30. Gaseous fuel comprising biogas (CH4 and CO2 in ratio of 3:2) and methane (CH4) are incorporated in the dual fuel condition at 8 litre per minute (lpm) and 12 lpm. B20 blend demonstrated better performance and emission characteristics. The addition of biodiesel (B20) showed more than 5% improvement in brake thermal efficiency. Additionally, comparing with normal diesel mode, B20 showed lower CO (0.061%) and NOx (615 ppm) emissions. In the dual fuel condition, methane and biogas are effective in reducing the NOx emissions, but with a negative repercussion of extortionately elevated HC and CO emissions. The best combination is deduced to be B20 mahua biodiesel at 8 lpm of biogas flow rate in the dual fuel mode due to better performance and emission characteristics.

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Kammuang-lue, Niti, i Matas Bhudtiyatanee. "CO2 concentration from turbocharged common rail diesel engine dually fueled with compressed biomethane gas controlled at optimum ratio". MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202013.

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The objectives of this study are to investigate the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration from the compressed biomethane gas (CBG) and diesel dual-fueled diesel engine and to compare the CO2 concentration produced from the dual-fueled and the diesel-fueled engines. The duration of CBG injection was controlled by following the optimum ratio of the CBG obtained from the previous study. During the test, the engine speed was varied from 1,000 to 4,000 rpm and the engine torque was maintained to be 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the maximum engine torque. Experiment was divided into two parts consisting of the dual-fueled and the diesel-fueled modes. From the dual-fueled mode, when the engine speed increased, the CO2 concentration decreased. Because the optimum ratio of the CBG and the volumetric efficiency decrease during the high engine speed range, the proportion of the diesel increases, the incomplete combustion occurs. The unburned carbon oxidizes to be the CO in higher proportion than the CO2, thus, the CO2 consequently decreases. From the CO2 comparison, the dual-fuel mode produced the CO2 nearly the same as that of the diesel-fuel mode during the low engine torque. On contrary, the dual-fuel mode had higher CO2 concentration during the high engine torque.

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Aklouche, F. Z., K. Loubar, A. Bentebbiche, S. Awad i M. Tazerout. "Predictive model of the diesel engine operating in dual-fuel mode fuelled with different gaseous fuels". Fuel 220 (maj 2018): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.053.

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Diané, Ali, Gounkaou Woro Yomi, Sidiki Zongo, Tizane Daho i Hervé Jeanmart. "Characterization, at Partial Loads, of the Combustion and Emissions of a Dual-Fuel Engine Burning Diesel and a Lean Gas Surrogate". Energies 16, nr 15 (25.07.2023): 5587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155587.

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For decentralized power generation in West Africa, gas from a small biomass gasification unit can be used as the main fuel in a dual-fuel engine with diesel as the pilot fuel. To study the combustion in this type of engine (Lister Petter), experiments were conducted with a surrogate gas composed of liquefied petroleum gas and nitrogen (LPGN2), the energy context of which is similar to that of syngas. The tests were conducted at different loads and for different diesel substitution rates. The combustion analysis showed that the LPGN2 mixture had an overall behaviour similar to neat diesel, while the pressure peaks were lower in dual-fuel mode. The results also indicated a longer ignition delay and a pronounced diffusive combustion phase leading to a lower indicated mean effective pressure with gas. The fuel efficiencies remained low in both mono- and dual-fuel operation. The relative instability of the combustion in dual-fuel mode gave rise to an increase in the coefficient of variation (COVIMEP). Compared to neat diesel, the engine running at low loads in dual-fuel mode showed higher emission levels of CO, a slight reduction of 2.5% of CO2 and a substantial decrease of 73% for nitrogen oxides.

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Cooper, Maxim, Ashish Alex Sam i Apostolos Pesyridis. "Modelling of a Dual-Fuel-Mode Free-Jet Combustion System". Aerospace 6, nr 12 (17.12.2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6120135.

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The focus of this study is to design a combustion system able to sustain hypersonic flight at Mach 8. A Dual-Mode Free-Jet combustion chamber design, first tested in 2010 by NASA, is being adapted to run on hydrogen fuel instead of ethylene while addressing the excessive thermal heat load. This study is part of the FAME (Flight at Mach Eight) project, with the primary objective to design and analyse the engine configuration for a hypersonic commercial aircraft. This CFD analysis and validation study, the first to replicate this combustion chamber design, provides detailed instructions on the combustion system design. The analysis from this study can be used for future research to successfully reach a sustainable design and operation of a Dual-Mode Free-Jet combustion chamber. The 53% size reduction in the combustion system represents significant progress which encourages future research regarding in the design of combustion systems for hypersonic propulsion systems.

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Kobayashi, Kan, Sadatake Tomioka, Kanenori Kato, Atsuo Murakami i Kenji Kudo. "Performance of a Dual-Mode Combustor with Multistaged Fuel Injection". Journal of Propulsion and Power 22, nr 3 (maj 2006): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.19294.

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Singh, Praveen Kumar, Dharamveer Singh i Ashok Kumar Yadav. "Experimental Research on Biogas Utilization in CI Engines Using Biodiesel/Diesel Blends". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 10 (31.10.2022): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47135.

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Abstract: The present study covers the utilization of a gaseous alternative fuel, raw biogas, in a diesel engine. Biogas alone cannot run a diesel engine, because gaseous fuel cannot burn by compression. It can be supplied to the CI engines in dual fuel mode by using an air-biogas mixer device. In this work, it is aimed to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a biogas-biodiesel/diesel dual fuel mode diesel engine by employing a venturi gas mixer device for providing a homogeneous mixture.The performance and emission characteristics of the engine operated by dual-fuel mode were experimentally investigated, and compared to diesel. The results indicated that biogas inducted at a flow rate of 1L/min was found to have better performance and lower emission, than that of the other flow rates. On the other hand, dual-fuel mode with a biogas flow rate of BD10 BG@1L/min showed an average reduction in BTE of 9.94% and an average increment of 8.82% in BSFC as compared to diesel. Whereas an increment in CO and HC by 5.18% and 3.01% respectively and an average reduction in NOx emissions by 14.91% as compared to diesel.

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Zhu, Jianjun, Peng Li i Xin Geng. "Combustion characteristics of different premixed methanol charge compression ignition combustion modes". Thermal Science 24, nr 3 Part A (2020): 1609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190512028z.

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This paper proposes two dual fuel combustion modes for a Diesel engine based on two alternative fuels and explores the influence of engine compression ratio on combustion and fuel economy characteristics under heavy loads. The results show that reducing the compression ratio can reduce the pressure rise rate of the combustion mode of methanol premixed charge induced ignition, owing to a decrease in the brake thermal efficiency.

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Zulkifli, Fathul Hakim, Mas Fawzi i Shahrul Azmir Osman. "A Review on Knock Phenomena in CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (lipiec 2015): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.550.

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The compressed natural gas (CNG) – diesel dual fuel engine is discussed through their basic operation and its characteristic. The main problem of running a diesel engine on dual fuel mode with CNG as main fuel is addressed. A brief review of knock phenomena which is widely associated with a dual fuel engine is also covered. Methods to suppress onset knock were suggested.

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Masimalai, Senthilkumar, i Arulselvan Subramanian. "An experimental assessment on the influence of high octane fuels on biofuel based dual fuel engine performance, emission, and combustion". Thermal Science 21, nr 1 Part B (2017): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci161110323m.

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This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of different high octane fuels (such as eucalyptus oil, ethanol, and methanol) on engine?s performance behaviour of a biofuel based dual fuel engine. A single cylinder Diesel engine was modified and tested under dual fuel mode of operation. Initially the engine was run using neat diesel, neat mahua oil as fuels. In the second phase, the engine was operated in dual fuel mode by using a specially designed variable jet carburettor to supply the high octane fuels. Engine trials were made at 100% and 40% loads (power outputs) with varying amounts of high octane fuels up-to the maximum possible limit. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine were obtained and analysed. Results indicated significant improvement in brake thermal efficiency simultaneous reduction in smoke and NO emissions in dual fuel operation with all the inducted fuels. At 100% load the brake thermal efficiency increased from 25.6% to a maximum of 32.3, 30.5, and 28.4%, respectively, with eucalyptus oil, ethanol, and methanol as primary fuels. Smoke was reduced drastically from 78% with neat mahua oil a minimum of 41, 48, and 53%, respectively, with eucalyptus oil, ethanol, and methanol at the maximum efficiency point. The optimal energy share for the best engine behaviour was found to be 44.6, 27.3, and 23.2%, respectively, for eucalyptus oil, ethanol, and methanol at 100% load. Among the primary fuels tested, eucalyptus oil showed the maximum brake thermal efficiency, minimum smoke and NO emissions and maximum energy replacement for the optimal operation of the engine.

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Feroskhan, M., Saleel Ismail, Gobinath Natarajan, Sreekanth Manavalla, T. M. Yunus Khan, Shaik Dawood Abdul Khadar i Mohammed Azam Ali. "A Comprehensive Study of the Effects of Various Operating Parameters on a Biogas-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (9.01.2023): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021232.

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Alternative fuels are found to be the most promising solution to the problem of conventional IC engine pollution because their use curtails its huge emissions without exerting a negative impact on its performance. In this research, a conventional compression ignition engine is investigated by operating it with the combination of simulated biogas and neat diesel under a dual fuel mode of operations. The simulated biogas in the current work comprises different proportions of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixture. The full factorial approach in this work involved studying the effects of parameters such as biogas flow rate, composition, intake temperature, torque, and methane enrichment (complete removal of CO2 from biogas) on the engine performance, emissions, and combustion indices with an extensive number of experiments. It is witnessed from the research that biogas is capable of providing a maximum of 90% of the overall energy input, while the CI engine operates under dual fuel mode. Under the dual fuel mode of operation involving biogas, a significant amount of reductions are witnessed in secondary fuel consumption (67%), smoke (75%), and NOx (55%) emissions. At low flow rates, biogas is found to improve brake thermal efficiency (BTE), whereas it reduces hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. Methane enrichment resulted in more diesel substitution by 5.5% and diminishes CO and HC emissions by 5% and 16%, respectively. Increasing the intake temperature caused an increase in thermal efficiency (2%) and a reduction in diesel consumption (~35%), and it curtailed all emission elements except NOx.

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SEMBIRING, Rio Arinedo, Riky Stepanus SITUMORANG, Yoshihiko OISHI, Hideki KAWAI i Himsar AMBARITA. "Investigation of Diesel Engine Performance Using Biodiesel Fuel and Biogas in Dual Fuel Mode". Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2018 (2018): GS6–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2018.gs6-4.

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Velmurugan, K., J. Arunprasad i R. Thirugnanasambantham. "Emission analysis of tractor engine in dual-fuel mode: Optimization of pilot fuel injection". Materials Today: Proceedings 33 (2020): 3283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.731.

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da Costa, Roberto Berlini Rodrigues, L. F. A. Roque, T. A. Z. de Souza, C. J. R. Coronado, G. M. Pinto, A. J. A. Cintra, O. O. Raats, B. M. Oliveira, G. V. Frez i M. H. da Silva. "Experimental assessment of renewable diesel fuels (HVO/Farnesane) and bioethanol on dual-fuel mode". Energy Conversion and Management 258 (kwiecień 2022): 115554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115554.

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Pham, Van Chien, Beom-Seok Rho, Jun-Soo Kim, Won-Ju Lee i Jae-Hyuk Choi. "Effects of Various Fuels on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Four-Stroke Dual-Fuel Marine Engine". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, nr 10 (1.10.2021): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101072.

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A numerical study was carried out to investigate the effects of methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), and dimethyl ether (DME) on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke gas-diesel dual-fuel (DF) marine engine at full load. Three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formation inside the engine cylinder in the diesel and DF modes were performed using the AVL FIRE R2018a simulation software to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results agreed well with the measured values reported in the engine shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder peak pressure and temperatures, as well as the emission formations, in the DF modes in comparison to the diesel mode. The DF mode could significantly reduce nitric oxide (NO) emissions (up to 96.225%) of DME compared to the diesel mode. Meanwhile, C3H8 and CH4 fuels effectively reduced the soot (up to 82.78%) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (by 21.33%), respectively, compared to the diesel mode. However, the results also showed longer ignition delay times of the combustion processes when the engine operated in the DF mode, particularly in the DME-diesel mode. The combustion and emission characteristics of the engine were also analyzed when varying the injection timing; the results showed that applying the injection timing adjustment method could further address NO emission problems but led to a decrease in the engine power. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the benefits and disadvantages of adopting the injection timing adjustment strategy to address certain engine emission problems. This study successfully analyzed the benefits of using various gas fuels as alternative fuels and the injection timing adjustment method in DF marine engines to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) emission regulations without the use of any emission after-treatment devices.

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Zhang, Beidong, Yankun Jiang i Yexin Chen. "Research on Calibration, Economy and PM Emissions of a Marine LNG–Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, nr 2 (10.02.2022): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020239.

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In order to convert the marine diesel engine into an LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)–diesel dual-fuel engine and ensure its power and emission characteristics, a new calibration method is proposed, and the fuel substitution ratio, economy and detailed particulate matter emission law after the engine is calibrated using this method are studied. The calibration method takes the peak pressure in the cylinder and the exhaust temperature as constraints and uses the diesel mass substitution ratio as the objective function. Based on the proposed calibration method, the engine is calibrated by setting up a calibration test bench. The test obtains the distribution characteristics of the diesel mass substitution ratio under various operating conditions of the engine. The results show that the proposed calibration method allows the dual-fuel engine to achieve the same power performance as the original engine. At the same time, the diesel mass substitution ratio of the calibrated dual-fuel engine can reach up to 95% (800 r/min @ 800 Nm, 900 r/min @ 800 Nm and 1000 r/min @ 800 Nm). The substitution ratio in the range of 900 r/min~1200 r/min at a common speed is more than 70%, and the average diesel mass substitution ratio under all working conditions is 71%. Furthermore, the study of engine economy shows that the BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) of the dual-fuel mode is higher than that of the pure diesel mode when working under external characteristics, propulsion characteristics and different loads at 1000 r/min speed. This is more obvious when the load is small, and the two are closer when the load is medium or high; however, the fuel cost when the engine works in dual-fuel mode is much lower than that of the pure diesel mode. In the usual speed and load range, the particulate matter emission test shows that its particle size distribution, total number of particles and particle volume are significantly reduced in the dual-fuel mode.

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Legue, Daniel Romeo Kamta, Venant Sorel Chara-Dackou, Mahamat Hassane Babikir, Bali Tamegue Bernard, Marcel Obounou Akong i Paul Henri Ekobena Fouda. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Methane Combustion Combined with Biodiesel in Dual Fuel Mode". International Journal of Heat and Technology 40, nr 5 (30.11.2022): 1318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.400527.

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The present work investigates experimentally and numerically the combustion of methane coupled to biodiesel and diesel in dual fuel mode. The engine used is a single-cylinder Lister-Petter_01005299_TS1 modified for bi-fuel operation with a pre-chamber in the intake to allow methane to enter with the air. For this, we use three distinct fuels, conventional D100 diesel, B100 biodiesel and methane. The first two fuels are first burned independently under the same conditions independently under the same conditions using the double Wiebe phase. The numerical results obtained of this first combustion of B100 and D100 compared to the measured results show an agreement of 2% and 1.07% respectively for biodiesel and diesel allowing the validation of the numerical code. Next, we add methane to the air during the intake phase for the previously tested D100 and B100 fuels used as a pilot fuel in order to observe the impact of methane on cylinder pressure, nitrogen oxide emissions and heat release. The combustion model used is a two-zone 0D, one representing the burnt gases and the other the unburnt gases. The results showed a decrease in cylinder pressure and a large reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions of about 26.67% and about 48.76% when burning B100 biodiesel at medium load. The results also showed that the addition of methane to the air reduces the overall heat release of both fuels around TDC by 10.76% and 5.4% for biodiesel and diesel, respectively. But that in the diffusion phase, dual fuel combustion shows a higher heat release for diesel. It was also observed that peak pressures were reduced by 2.35% in the case of diesel compared to 7.45% for biodiesel.

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Nadar, Kapilan, i Rana Reddy. "Combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated with mahua oil and liquefied petroleum gas". Thermal Science 12, nr 1 (2008): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0801115n.

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For the present work, a single cylinder diesel engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode. To study the feasibility of using methyl ester of mahua oil as pilot fuel, it was used as pilot fuel and liquefied petroleum gas was used as primary fuel. In dual fuel mode, pilot fuel quantity and injector opening pressure are the few variables, which affect the performance and emission of dual fuel engine. Hence, in the present work, pilot fuel quantity and injector opening pressure were varied. From the test results, it was observed that the pilot fuel quantity of 5 mg per cycle and injector opening pressure of 200 bar results in higher brake thermal efficiency. Also the exhaust emissions such as smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are lower than other pressures and pilot fuel quantities. The higher injection pressure and proper pilot fuel quantity might have resulted in better atomization, penetration of methyl ester of mahua oil and better combustion of fuel.

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MUTLURI, Avinash, Radha Krishna GOPIDESI i Srinivas Viswanath VALETI. "A Research on the Performance, Emission and Combustion Parameters of the Hydrogen and Biogas Dual Fuel Engine". INCAS BULLETIN 12, nr 3 (1.09.2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.3.10.

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In the present research a diesel engine has been converted to dual fuel mode, injecting hydrogen and biogas as secondary fuel and the tests were conducted in dual fuel mode to evaluate the performance, emissions and combustion parameters of the engine. Diesel as a pilot fuel, hydrogen and biogas as a secondary fuel were injected from the inlet manifold. The hydrogen and the biogas which is a gaseous fuel were injected at 5 liters per minute (lpm) and the tests were conducted separately. From these tests, it was noted that there is an enhancement of 27.28% in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and increment of 10.70% in NOX emissions for diesel with 5 lpm hydrogen compared with diesel fuel under single fuel mode. Also, it was noted that the reduction in BTE was around 36.50% and NOX emissions about 15.68 % for diesel with 5 lpm biogas when compared with diesel fuel under single fuel mode.

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50

Nadar, Kapilan, Pratap Reddy i Rao Anjuri. "Comparison of performance of biodiesels of mahua oil and gingili oil in dual fuel engine". Thermal Science 12, nr 1 (2008): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0801151n.

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In this work, an experimental work was carried out to compare the performance of biodiesels made from non edible mahua oil and edible gingili oil in dual fuel engine. A single cylinder diesel engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode and liquefied petroleum gas was used as primary fuel. Biodiesel was prepared by transesterification process and mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) and gingili oil methyl ester (GOME) were used as pilot fuels. The viscosity of MOME is slightly higher than GOME. The dual fuel engine runs smoothly with MOME and GOME. The test results show that the performance of the MOME is close to GOME, at the pilot fuel quantity of 0.45 kg/h and at the advanced injection timing of 30 deg bTDC. Also it is observed that the smoke, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydro carbon emissions of GOME lower than the MOME. But the GOME results in slightly higher NOx emissions. From the experimental results it is concluded that the biodiesel made from mahua oil can be used as a substitute for diesel in dual fuel engine.

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