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Tran, Van Bon. "Dual finite element analysis for contact problem of elastic bodies with an enlarging contact zone." Applications of Mathematics 31, no. 5 (1986): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/am.1986.104213.
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Härke, Heinrich. "Through a Black Hole into Parallel Universes." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 26, no. 2 (2020): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341383.
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Abstract The Anglo-Saxon immigration of the 5th-6th centuries AD led to a dual contact situation in the British Isles: with the native inhabitants of the settlement areas in south-eastern England (internal contact zone), and with the Celtic polities outside the Anglo-Saxon areas (external contact zone). In the internal contact zone, social and ethnogenetic processes resulted in a complete acculturation of the natives by the 9th century. By contrast, the external contact zone between Anglo-Saxon and Celtic polities resulted in a cultural and linguistic split right across the British Isles up to the 7th century, and arguably well beyond. The cultural boundary between these two domains became permeable in the 7th century as a consequence of Anglo-Saxon Christianization which created a northern communication zone characterized by a distinct art style (Insular Art). In the early medieval British Isles, contact resulting from migration did not lead to cultural exchange for about two centuries, and it took profound ideological and social changes to establish a basis for communication.
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Yu, Yan, Rong Ji Zhou, and Feng Xue Wang. "Numerical Simulation of the Temperature Field During DP1000 Dual-Phase Steel Resistance Spot Welding." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.666.
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Dual phase steel resistance spot welding process is transient, rapid, invisible, complex, which makes the physical process of welding not yet be fully understood. Both the preprocessing contact stress field and thermo - electric transient process under alternative current(AC)load of the resistance spot welding of DP1000 dual - phase steel are analyzed by ANSYS12.0 finite-element analysis software. The fusion zone formation process and the contact situation of electrode and workpiece, between workpieces, lamination surface is investigated through numerical simulation. The project can help understand the phenomenon and essence of the DP1000 spot welding optimize the structure design and process design, quality control, for the dual-phase steel in vehicle body spot welding quality control to provide theoretical guidance.
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Berre, Simon Le, Isabelle Ramière, Jules Fauque, and David Ryckelynck. "Condition Number and Clustering-Based Efficiency Improvement of Reduced-Order Solvers for Contact Problems Using Lagrange Multipliers." Mathematics 10, no. 9 (2022): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10091495.
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This paper focuses on reduced-order modeling for contact mechanics problems treated by Lagrange multipliers. The high nonlinearity of the dual solutions lead to poor classical data compression. A hyper-reduction approach based on a reduced integration domain (RID) is considered. The dual reduced basis is the restriction to the RID of the full-order dual basis, which ensures the hyper-reduced model to respect the non-linearity constraints. However, the verification of the solvability condition, associated with the well-posedness of the solution, may induce an extension of the primal reduced basis without guaranteeing accurate dual forces. We highlight the strong link between the condition number of the projected contact rigidity matrix and the precision of the dual reduced solutions. Two efficient strategies of enrichment of the primal POD reduced basis are then introduced. However, for large parametric variation of the contact zone, the reachable dual precision may remain limited. A clustering strategy on the parametric space is then proposed in order to deal with piece-wise low-rank approximations. On each cluster, a local accurate hyper-reduced model is built thanks to the enrichment strategies. The overall solution is then deeply improved while preserving an interesting compression of both primal and dual bases.
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Chang, Yoon Suk, Seong In Moon, Young Jin Kim, Jin Ho Lee, Myung Ho Song, and Young Hwan Choi. "Assessment of Steam Generator Tubes with Dual Axial Through-Wall Cracks." Solid State Phenomena 120 (February 2007): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.120.71.
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In this paper, conservatisms of current plugging criteria on steam generator tubes are reviewed and six new failure prediction models for dual through-wall cracks are proposed. In order to determine the optimum ones among these local or global failure prediction models, a series of plastic collapse tests and corresponding finite element analyses are carried out with respect to two adjacent axial through-wall cracks in thin plates. Then, reaction force model, plastic zone contact model and COD (Crack Opening Displacement) base model were selected as the optimum ones for integrity assessment of steam generator tubes with dual cracks.
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Cakir, Esin, Emre Ozlu, Mustafa Bakkal, and Erhan Budak. "Investigation of temperature distribution in orthogonal cutting through dual-zone contact model on the rake face." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 96, no. 1-4 (2018): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1479-3.
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Wang, Meng-Jiao, and Yakov Kutsovsky. "Effect of Fillers on Wet Skid Resistance of Tires. Part II: Experimental Observations on Effect of Filler-Elastomer Interactions on Water Lubrication." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 81, no. 4 (2008): 576–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548221.
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Abstract It was demonstrated previously that on the worn surface of vulcanizates during wet skid tests, carbon black is covered by rubber whereas silica particles are at least partly exposed. In this report, the experimental results of the effects of carbon black and silica on wet skid resistance measured by various test methods and under different conditions are explained based on the “Three Zone Concept” of the contact area of tread compounds with the track surface during sliding or rolling. The three zones are water film squeezing, transition and traction zones. In the first two zones, where hydro-dynamic and micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication mechanisms are dominant, silica is beneficial for wet friction. In the traction zone, where friction is governed by boundary lubrication, carbon black is preferred. Under test conditions where the water squeezing and transition zones are more developed, such as at high speed, lower temperature, smoother track surface, lower load, higher slip angle, and ABS brake, the silica shows better performance, but otherwise where the traction zone is larger, carbon black gives higher wet skid resistance. Accordingly, a new carbon-silica dual phase filler CSDPF 4210 that is characterized by high surface coverage with silica has been developed. With this material, the wet skid resistance of a passenger tire on a car with ABS at high speed and smooth road surface is significantly improved.
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Mao, Xinyu, Wei Liu, Yuanzhi Ni, and Valentin L. Popov. "Limiting shape of profile due to dual-mode fretting wear in contact with an elastomer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 9 (2015): 1417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215619450.
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We consider fretting wear due to superimposed normal and tangential oscillations of two contacting bodies, one of which is an elastomer with a linear rheology. Similarly to the contact of elastic bodies, at small oscillation amplitudes, the wear occurs only in a circular slip zone at the border of the contact area and the wear profile tends to a limiting form, in which no further wear occurs. It is shown that under assumption of a constant coefficient of friction at the contact interface, the limiting form of the wear profile does depend neither on the particular wear criterion nor on the rheology of the elastomer and can be calculated analytically in a general form. The general calculation procedure and explicit analytic solutions for two initial forms, parabolic and conical, are presented for various combinations of frequencies and phases of normal and tangential oscillations as well as for various linear rheologies of the elastomer.
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Chen, Zuo Rong, and Shou Wen Yu. "Interaction between a Rigid Cylinder with a Piezoelectric Half-Space with Partial Adhesion." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.333.
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An axisymmetric problem of interaction of a rigid rotating flat ended punch with a transversely isotropic linear piezoelectric half-space is considered. The contact zone consists of an inner circular adhesion region surrounded by an outer annular slip region with Coulomb friction. Beyond the contact region, the surface of the piezoelectric half-space is free from load. With the aid of the Hankel integral transform, this mixed boundary value problem is formulated as a system of dual integral equations. By solving the dual integral equations, analytical expressions for the tangential stress and displacement, and normal electric displacement on the surface of the piezoelectric half-space are obtained. An explicit relationship between the radius of the adhesion region, the angle of the rotation of the punch, material parameters, and the applied loads is presented. The obtained results are useful for characterization of piezoelectric materials by micro-indentation and micro-friction techniques.
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Punati, Venugopala Swami, Ishan Sharma, and Pankaj Wahi. "An exact dual-integral formulation of the indentation of finite, free-standing, end-supported adhesive elastic layers." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 5 (2018): 1294–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286518786069.
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We study indentation by a rigid cylindrical punch of finite, free-standing, adhesive elastic layers that are supported only at their ends. The adhesion is considered through an adhesive-zone model. Formulating the boundary-value problem, we obtain two coupled Fredholm integral equations of the first kind, which are solved by a collocation method. Results for non-adhesive contact are obtained when adhesion is zero, and they match well with our own finite element computations and earlier approximate analyses. Additionally, we obtain new results for deeper indentation of non-adhesive contact. In the limit of very adhesive and/or very soft solids, we formulate an approximate model similar to the well-known Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) model for half-spaces. Our results for adhesive contact match well with preliminary indentation experiments on adhesive layers. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our approach in modelling structural adhesives through a specific example.
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Wang, Bing, and Zhao Wu Wang. "Numerical Analysis of Quasistatic Contact between Rubber Roller and Rigid Roller." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1446.
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A quasistatic and steady state contact problems of rubber roller and rigid roller is modeled by using a stress function in the form of series. The model is derived from the paper feed unit of duplicating machine. The point interpolation meshfree method (PIM) is applied to obtain the solution of the dual series equations resulting from the boundary condition. Stress and deformation for the rubber roller are obtained based on elasticity theory. Effects of rubber thickness and normal load are observed through the numerical examples. The observation show that the contact zone is changing with the normal load F and the rubber thickness has effect on the stress distribution. In addition, the study shows that the PIM method is an efficient and promising method for simulating the problem.
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Wu, Xiang-Dong, Mian Tian, Yao He, et al. "Short to Midterm Follow-Up of Periprosthetic Bone Mineral Density after Total Hip Arthroplasty with the Ribbed Anatomic Stem." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 27, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3085258.
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Background. Femoral bone remodeling around hip prosthesis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is definite but unpredictable in time and place. This study aimed to investigate the implant-specific remodeling and periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) changes after implantation of the Ribbed anatomic cementless femoral stem. Methods. After power analysis, 41 patients who had undergone primary unilateral THA with the Ribbed anatomic cementless stem were included. BMD of the seven Gruen zones was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the contact, fitness, and fixation of the femoral stem and proximal femur were analyzed by X-ray. Additional clinical outcome parameters were also recorded. Results. Compared with the contralateral unoperated side, significant reductions of BMD were detected in the distal zone (Gruen zone 4: 1.665±0.198 versus 1.568±0.242 g/cm2, P=0.001) and middle distal zone (Gruen zone 5: 1.660±0.209 versus 1.608±0.215 g/cm2, P=0.026) on the prosthetic side, but no significant differences in BMD were detected in other zones (Gruen zones 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7). Subgroups analyses indicated no significant correlation between periprosthetic BMD changes and clinical factors including primary disease and body mass index. Visible areas of bone ingrowth indicated solid fixation of the femoral stem and there was no case of loosening. Clinical and functional outcome scores were excellent with mean HHS of 93.13 points and mean WOMAC score of 5.20 points, and three patients described intermittent mild thigh pain at the final follow-up. Conclusions. For the Ribbed femoral stem, the periprosthetic BMD was well maintained in the proximal femur, while periprosthetic BMD was significantly reduced in the distal and middle distal zones of the femur. Further clinical investigations are required to examine the efficacy of the Ribbed stem, particularly with regard to long-term survival. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800017750.
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Lee, Woo-Jae, Ohhun Kwon, Renjing Huang, Chao Lin, Raymond J. Gorte, and John M. Vohs. "Flexible atomic layer deposition system for coating porous materials." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 40, no. 3 (2022): 032401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001679.
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Herein, we describe an atomic layer deposition (ALD) system that is optimized for the growth of thin films on high-surface-area, porous materials. The system incorporates a moveable dual-zone furnace allowing for rapid transfer of a powder substrate between heating zones whose temperatures are optimized for precursor adsorption and oxidative removal of the precursor ligands. The reactor can both be evacuated, eliminating the need for a carrier gas during precursor exposure, and rotated, to enhance contact between a powder support and the gas phase, both of which help us to minimize mass transfer limitations in the pores during film growth. The capabilities of the ALD system were demonstrated by growing La2O3, Fe2O3, and LaFeO3 films on a 120 m2 g−1 MgAl2O4 powder. Analysis of these films using scanning transmission electron microscopy and temperature-programmed desorption of 2-propanol confirmed the conformal nature of the oxide films.
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Prodana, Mariana, Claudiu-Eduard Nistor, Andrei Bogdan Stoian, Daniela Ionita, and Cristian Burnei. "Dual Nanofibrous Bioactive Coatings on TiZr Implants." Coatings 10, no. 6 (2020): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060526.
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The objective of this research was to obtain a dual coating with antimicrobial properties on TiZr implants. The metallic surfaces were modified with two biopolymers (poly(lactic acid) and polycaprolactone), the first deposited by dip coating and the second by electrospinning, in order to create a nanofibers type of coating with antibacterial and bioactive effect. The surface characteristics of the obtained bioactive coatings were evaluated by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, by scanning electron microscopy and by contact angle measurements. The electrochemical characterization of the coatings was performed in simulated body fluid. The metallic ion release from the coated implant materials was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of the coatings were studied using agar disc diffusion method and percentage inhibition of growth method for two bacterial strains—S. aureus and E. coli. The presence of silver nanoparticles presented high inhibition zone against gram negative bacteria like E. coli. Cell viability of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and cytoskeleton morphology, were tested in vitro for the biological evaluation. The results on in vitro cell response indicated good cell membrane integrity and viability for such nanofibrous bioactive coatings compared to the control substrate. These surface architectures design on implant materials holds promise for biomedical applications, presenting good antimicrobial properties and promote cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Uyulan, Caglar, Metin Gokasan, and Seta Bogosyan. "Dynamic Investigation of the Hunting Motion of a Railway Bogie in a Curved Track via Bifurcation Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8276245.
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The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the Hopf bifurcation behavior of a two-axle railway bogie and a dual wheelset in the presence of nonlinearities, which are yaw damping forces in the longitudinal suspension system and heuristic creep model of the wheel-rail contact including dead-zone clearance, while running on a curved track. Two-axle railway bogie and dual wheelset were modeled using 12-DOF and 8-DOF system with considering lateral, vertical, roll, and yaw motions. By utilizing Lyapunov’s indirect method, the critical hunting speeds related to these models are evaluated as track radius changes. Hunting defined as the lateral vibration of the wheelset with a large domain was characterized by a limit cycle-type oscillation behavior. Influence of the curved track radius on the lateral displacement of the leading wheelset was also investigated through 2D bifurcation diagram, which is employed in the design of a stable model. Frequency power spectra at critical speeds, which are related to the subcritical and supercritical bifurcations, were represented by comparing the two-axle bogie and dual wheelset model. The evaluated accuracy to predict the critical hunting speed is higher and the hunting frequency in unstable region is lower compared to the dual wheelset model.
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Mallick, Rajashree, Ramanuj Kumar, Amlana Panda, and Ashok Kumar Sahoo. "Hard Turning Performance Investigation of AISI D2 Steel under a Dual Nozzle MQL Environment." Lubricants 11, no. 1 (2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010016.
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In recent years, hard turning has emerged as a burgeoning cutting technology for producing high-quality finishing of cylindrical-shaped hardened steel for a variety of industrial applications. Hard turning under dry cutting was not accepted because of the generation of higher cutting temperatures which accelerated tool wear and produced an inferior surface finish. Nowadays, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is widely accepted in hard turning to reduce the problems encountered in dry cutting. This research aimed to augment the MQL performance in the hard turning process of AISI D2 steel by applying a novel concept, namely, a dual jet nozzle MQL system that supplies the cutting fluid into the cutting zone from two different directions. The performances of hard turning are discussed using machinability indicator parameters, such as surface roughness, tool wear, cutting temperature, power consumption, noise emission, and chip morphology. The dual nozzle MQL greatly reduced the friction between contact surfaces in the cutting zone and provided improved surface quality (Ra = 0.448 to 1.265 µm). Furthermore, tool flank wear was found to be lower, in the range of 0.041 to 0.112 mm, with abrasion and adhesion being observed to be the main mode of wear mechanisms. The power consumption was greatly influenced by the depth of cut (46.69%), followed by cutting speed (40.76%) and feed (9.70%). The chip shapes were found to be helical, ribbon, and spiral c type, while the colors were a metallic, light blue, deep blue, and light golden.
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Moula, Evangelia E., and Konstantinos D. Malafantis. "Homer’s Odyssey: from classical poetry to threshold graphic narratives for dual readership." Journal of Literary Education, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/jle.2.13779.
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This article’s focus is some unconventional adaptations of the Odyssey in graphic language, belonging to the threshold literary field and contextualized in different historical and cultural milieus. Since ancient Greek literature in general and Homer in particular, ceased to be considered as sacred scripts, they discarded the centuries-long formalistic and idealistic approach and served as a vehicle for criticism or as a mirror of each receiving culture’s present. The kind of relation established between each adaptation and its pre-text is defined by the inscribed meta-narratives in its body. The graphic adaptations under discussion, countercultural, demystifying or even subversive, participate in the so called “cross-audience phenomenon”, addressing a dual readership, both children and adults. They aim at undermining the heroic ethos, provoking skepticism and criticizing allusively the contemporary politics. They also trivialize the original by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation. This way they facilitate dialogue between past and present, by creating a contact zone within which pluralism is the major trait.
 Key words: The Odyssey, classics’ reception, comic book adaptations, threshold literature, pluralism
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Brglez, Ana, Barbara Piškur, and Nikica Ogris. "In Vitro Interactions between Eutypella parasitica and Some Frequently Isolated Fungi from the Wood of the Dead Branches of Young Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)." Forests 11, no. 10 (2020): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101072.
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The ten most frequently isolated fungi from the wood of the dead branches of Acer pseudoplatanus L. were tested in dual cultures to evaluate their in vitro antagonistic activity against Eutypella parasitica R.W. Davidson and R.C. Lorenz, the causative agent of a destructive disease of maples in Europe and North America. The tested fungi, treated also as challenge isolates, were Diaporthe sp., Eutypa sp., Eu. maura, E. parasitica, Fusarium avenaceum, Neocucurbitaria acerina, Neonectria sp., Peniophora incarnata, Petrakia irregularis, and Phomopsis pustulata. The antagonistic ability of each challenge isolate was evaluated by calculating an index of antagonism (AI) based on the interaction type in the dual cultures. The results of competition between the fungal isolates were quantified after re-isolations from the interaction zone (s). The dual cultures revealed two main types of competitive interactions: Deadlock, consisting of mutual inhibition after mycelial contact or at a distance, and replacement, reflecting in the inhibition of E. parasitica, followed by partial overgrowth by the replacing fungus. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in average AI and s of challenge isolates between different dual culture assays. Based on the results of the antagonism index, Eutypa sp., Eu. maura, Neonectria sp., and P. incarnata had the highest inhibitory effect on E. parasitica growth and were recognized as the most promising candidates for further biocontrol studies of E. parasitica. The mycelium of E. parasitica at the interaction zones remained mostly viable, except in dual cultures with Eutypa sp., F. avenaceum, and Neonectria sp., where re-isolations did not yield any colony of the E. parasitica isolate. Based on the results, we assume that E. parasitica is a weak competitor, which invests less energy in direct mycelial competition. We discuss the potential of the observed antagonists as a possible biocontrol of Eutypella canker of maple. Nevertheless, additional experiments should be performed for a solid conclusion about competitive ability of E. parasitica and usefulness of antagonists as biocontrol.
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Coifman, Benjamin. "Freeway Detector Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1917, no. 1 (2005): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191700117.
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Loop detectors have been the preeminent detection technology for several decades, but they require closing of the right-of-way during installation and potentially undermine the integrity of the pavement surface if they are not installed before paving. As a result, there is great interest in emerging technologies that promise traffic detection without the liabilities of loop detectors, many of which have already been deployed in large numbers. The remote traffic microwave sensor (RTMS) is among the most widely deployed noninvasive traffic detectors. This study evaluates the performance of the RTMS in side-fire mode relative to loop detectors in freeway applications. First, the aggregated data reported by the RTMS using its internal controller emulation are compared with data from nearby dual-loop detectors. It is shown that the RTMS measures are noisier than loop detectors for occupancy (percentage of time the detector is occupied by vehicles) and flow (number of vehicles per unit time), although the RTMS velocity estimates are almost as good as those from single-loop detectors (but inferior to direct measurement from dual-loop detectors). Second, the study considers aggregate measurements from contact closure data and compares the RTMS against the dual-loop detectors. For reference, the work also compares one loop against another in a dual-loop detector, with the spacing between loops being greater than the spacing between the reference loops and the RTMS detection zone.
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Karakurt, Ilkay, Kadir Ozaltin, Hana Pištěková, et al. "Effect of Saccharides Coating on Antibacterial Potential and Drug Loading and Releasing Capability of Plasma Treated Polylactic Acid Films." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (2022): 8821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158821.
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More than half of the hospital-associated infections worldwide are related to the adhesion of bacteria cells to biomedical devices and implants. To prevent these infections, it is crucial to modify biomaterial surfaces to develop the antibacterial property. In this study, chitosan (CS) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) were chosen as antibacterial coating materials on polylactic acid (PLA) surfaces. Plasma-treated PLA surfaces were coated with CS either direct coating method or the carbodiimide coupling method. As a next step for the combined saccharide coating, CS grafted samples were immersed in ChS solution, which resulted in the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) formation. Also in this experiment, to test the drug loading and releasing efficiency of the thin film coatings, CS grafted samples were immersed into lomefloxacin-containing ChS solution. The successful modifications were confirmed by elemental composition analysis (XPS), surface topography images (SEM), and hydrophilicity change (contact angle measurements). The carbodiimide coupling resulted in higher CS grafting on the PLA surface. The coatings with the PEC formation between CS-ChS showed improved activity against the bacteria strains than the separate coatings. Moreover, these interactions increased the lomefloxacin amount adhered to the film coatings and extended the drug release profile. Finally, the zone of inhibition test confirmed that the CS-ChS coating showed a contact killing mechanism while drug-loaded films have a dual killing mechanism, which includes contact, and release killing.
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McMaster, Gerald, Michael Frederick Rattray, Natalja Chestopalova, et al. "The Virtual Platform for Indigenous Art: An Indigenous-led Digital Strategy." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 18, no. 1 (2022): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501906211072908.
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Over the past decade, a multitude of digital platforms engaging with Indigenous collections of ancestral belongings have been developed for the public in an effort to reconsider and reconceptualize notions of access and Indigenous ownership in virtual space. An initiative in partnership with the Onsite Gallery, the Virtual Platform for Indigenous Art (VPIA) is a newly developed resource that originates from Dr. Gerald McMaster’s Entangled Gaze Project at the Wapatah Centre for Indigenous Visual Knowledge, OCAD University in Toronto, Canada. VPIA is a strategic digital platform that brings together a specific dataset of Indigenous artworks and cultural belongings that portray European and Asian newcomers to Turtle Island, drawn from global museum collections. The platform’s innovative approach to collections is grounded in a dual record format, where visitors are invited to create a Community-Member profile and contribute knowledge and information to artwork pages that consist of a permanent institutional record and an evolving community-generated VPIA record. The VPIA is intended to bridge communities and institutions to facilitate digital contributions of novel ideas about the Turtle Island contact zone and the implications of the colonial period, from early contact through to the twentieth century.
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Demina, L. I., V. S. Zakharov, and M. Yu Promyslova. "Introduction of the Stanovsky ophiolites of Faddesky block of Northeasten Taimyr according to geological data and numerical modeling results." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2022-1-24-34.
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The geological position, morphology of serpentinite bodies, limitation by faults, the presence of surrounding metamorphites as enclosing strata fragments within the Stanovsky ophiolite complex, the nature of metamorphism, high deformation of rocks of both ophiolites and contact zone strata, and the mineral parageneses of secondary transformations fully correspond to the signs of Stanovsky ophiolites introduction into the deeply metamorphosed Faddeevsky block strata of Northeastern Taimyr, and not their obduction. The modeling results showed that fragments of the oceanic crust introduced into the metamorphosed complexes of the continental crust during the collision can have a dual origin — from the primary oceanic crust, and from the newly formed crust of the back-arc basin. A detailed chemical composition analysis of the Stanovsky ophiolites indicates their formation in the suprasubduction setting of the back-arc basin, which justifies the possibility of the second scenario.
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Varghese, B., and K. V. Kumar. "High removal rate grinding of transmission components using CBN wheels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, no. 8 (2007): 1353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem785.
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Higher productivity and improved part quality requirements are increasingly being demanded of material removal processes. While these demands impose significant challenges, in some cases they also present opportunities to consider grinding as a viable alternative to processes such as turning, milling, and broaching. This has been made possible through advances in various aspects of grinding technology including abrasives, wheel design, coolant, and its application as well as machine tool technology. The current paper discusses grinding of a nodular cast iron transmission yoke component on a dual spindle grinder as opposed to the current processes of milling and broaching. High contact length in this application presented significant problems to supply coolant to the grinding zone and had an adverse effect on wheel life. An electroplated cubic boron nitride wheel was designed with special arrangements to supply coolant to the grinding zone. This design facilitated grinding the yokes at a specific removal rate of 200mm3/mms and a cutting speed of 80 m/s while maintaining yoke parallelism of less than 5 μm. Grinding tests were conducted using water-soluble oil coolant. Both grinding power and part parallelism were monitored in a pilot run to evaluate the wheel life. The approach was demonstrated to provide lower total operating cost while providing superior part quality.
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Lim, Jia Jia, Claerwen M. Jones, Tiing Jen Loh, et al. "The shared susceptibility epitope of HLA-DR4 binds citrullinated self-antigens and the TCR." Science Immunology 6, no. 58 (2021): eabe0896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0896.
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Individuals expressing HLA-DR4 bearing the shared susceptibility epitope (SE) have an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Posttranslational modification of self-proteins via citrullination leads to the formation of neoantigens that can be presented by HLA-DR4 SE allomorphs. However, in T cell–mediated autoimmunity, the interplay between the HLA molecule, posttranslationally modified epitope(s), and the responding T cell repertoire remains unclear. In HLA-DR4 transgenic mice, we show that immunization with a Fibβ-74cit69-81 peptide led to a population of HLA-DR4Fibβ-74cit69-81 tetramer+ T cells that exhibited biased T cell receptor (TCR) β chain usage, which was attributable to selective clonal expansion from the preimmune repertoire. Crystal structures of pre- and postimmune TCRs showed that the SE of HLA-DR4 represented a main TCR contact zone. Immunization with a double citrullinated epitope (Fibβ-72,74cit69-81) altered the responding HLA-DR4 tetramer+ T cell repertoire, which was due to the P2-citrulline residue interacting with the TCR itself. We show that the SE of HLA-DR4 has dual functionality, namely, presentation and a direct TCR recognition determinant. Analogous biased TCR β chain usage toward the Fibβ-74cit69-81 peptide was observed in healthy HLA-DR4+ individuals and patients with HLA-DR4+ RA, thereby suggesting a link to human RA.
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Kowalski, Tadeusz, and Piotr Bilański. "Fungicolous Fungi on Pseudosclerotial Plates and Apothecia of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Their Biocontrol Potential." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (2022): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112250.
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In the present work, research tasks were carried out in the search for fungi with potential biocontrol possibilities in relation to the ash dieback pathogen, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In the years 2012–2021, dead petioles of F. excelsior and F. mandshurica were collected, on which morphological structures of H. fraxineus showed unusual symptoms of dying (apothecia) and signs of colonization by other fungi (pseudosclerotial plates). Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data, 18 fungal taxa were identified. Thirteen of them belong to Ascomycota: Clonostachys rosea, Cl. solani, Cordyceps sp., Minimidochium sp., Nemania diffusa, Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Trichoderma atroviride, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. rodmanii, T. tomentosum, Trichoderma sp., and five other taxa are represented by Basidiomycota: Corticiales sp., Cyathus olla, Efibula sp., Gymnopus sp. and Polyporales sp. In 108 dual cultures in vitro, three different types of interactions were distinguished: (i) physical colony contact (5.6%), (ii) presence of an inhibition zone between the colonies (0.9%), and (iii) copartner overgrowth of H. fraxineus colonies and partial or complete replacement of the pathogen (93.5%). In the dual cultures, various morphological deformations of H. fraxineus hyphae were observed: the development of apical or intercalary cytoplasmic extrusions, development of internal hyphae of the test fungi in pathogens’ hyphae, the deformation and disruption of significant sections of H. fraxineus hyphae via lysis and mycoparasitism, complete desolation of H. fraxineus cells and breakdown of hyphae into short fragments, and disappearing of pigment in the affected hyphae of H. fraxineus. The inoculation tests performed in vivo or in glass Petrie dishes showed that all the identified taxa were able to lead to pathological changes in H. fraxineus apothecia, and the mycelium of some of them completely covered pseudosclerotial plates of H. fraxineus. It was emphasized in the discussion that such activity of these fungi in forest stands may contribute to the reduction in the H. fraxineus inoculum reservoir.
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Kowalski, Tadeusz, and Piotr Bilański. "Fungi Detected in the Previous Year’s Leaf Petioles of Fraxinus excelsior and Their Antagonistic Potential against Hymenoscyphus fraxineus." Forests 12, no. 10 (2021): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101412.
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Studies on fungal communities in the previous year’s leaf petioles of Fraxinus excelsior found in litter in five ash stands in southern Poland were made in 2017. Fungi were identified on the basis of isolation from 300 surface sterilized leaf petioles and by in situ inventory of fruit bodies (on 600 petioles, in spring and autumn). Identification was based on morphology of colonies and fruit bodies, and sequencing of ITS region of the rRNA gene cluster. In total, 2832 isolates from 117 taxa (Ascomycota—100; Basidiomycota—15; Mucoromycota—2 taxa) were obtained with the isolation method. The most frequent taxa (with frequency >10%) were: Nemania serpens, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, Alternaria sp. 1, Boeremia sp., Helotiales sp. 1, Epicoccum nigrum, Venturia fraxini, Fusarium sp., Fusarium lateritium, Nemania diffusa, Typhula sp. 2 (in descending order). In total, 45 taxa were detected with the in situ inventory method. Eleven taxa were classified as dominant: Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, Venturia fraxini, Leptosphaeria sp. 2, Cyathicula fraxinophila, Typhula sp. 2, Hypoderma rubi, Pyrenopeziza petiolaris, Cyathicula coronata, Hymenoscyphus scutula, Leptosphaeria sclerotioides and Hymenoscyphus caudatus. Among 202 leaf petioles colonized by H. fraxineus, 177 petioles also showed fructification of 26 other fungi. All the isolated saprotrophs were tested in dual-culture assay for antagonism to two strains of H. fraxineus. Three interaction types were observed: type A, mutual direct contact, when the two fungi meet along the contact line (occurred with 43.3% of test fungi); type B, with inhibition zone between colonies (with 46.9% of test fungi); type C, when the test fungus overgrows the colony of H. fraxineus (with 9.8% of test fungi). The possible contribution of the fungal saprotrophs in limiting of the expansion of H. fraxineus in ash leaf petioles, which may result in reduction in the inoculum of ash dieback causal agent, is discussed.
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Stephan, Matthias, S. Bak, Sirkka Stephan, Jianzhu Chen, and Darrell Irvine. "Synapse-directed delivery of immune-stimulants using T-cell-conjugated nanoparticles (162.30)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (2012): 162.30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.162.30.
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Abstract Regulating molecular interactions in the T cell synapse to prevent autoimmunity or, conversely, to boost anti-tumor immunity has long been a goal in immunotherapy. However, delivering therapeutically meaningful doses of immune-modulating compounds into the synapse represents a major challenge. Here, we report that covalent coupling of maleimide-functionlized nanoparticles (NPs) to free thiol groups on T cell membrane proteins enables efficient delivery of compounds into the T cell synapse. We demonstrate that surface-linked NPs are rapidly polarized toward the nascent immunological synapse (IS) at the T cell/APC contact zone during antigen recognition. To translate these findings into a novel therapeutic application we tested the NP delivery of NSC-87877, a dual inhibitor of Shp1 and Shp2, key phosphatases that downregulate T cell receptor activation in the synapse, in the context of adoptive T cell therapy of cancer. Conjugating NSC-97977-loaded NPs to the surface of tumor-specific T cells just prior to adoptive transfer into mice with advanced prostate cancer greatly promoted T cell expansion at the tumor site, relative to co-infusing the same drug dose systemically, leading to enhanced survival of treated animals. Altogether, our studies support the application of T-cell-linked synthetic NPs as efficient drug delivery vehicles into the IS, as well the broad applicability of this new paradigm for therapeutically modulating signaling events at the T-cell/APC interface.
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Mishchenko, V., S. Byelikov, O. Klimov, et al. "CREATION OF SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL USING THE ROLLING METHOD OF ASYMMETRICAL PACKAGES FOR DUAL-PURPOSE PRODUCTS." New Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2023-2-5.
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Purpose. The object of research in this work was the creation of a bimetallic material with increased mechanical and operational properties by rolling asymmetric packages. According to the preliminary results of the structure and properties research, the optimal compositions of the base and cladding layer of the bimetallic workpiece with the smallest difference in thermal expansion coefficients were selected. With the help of asymmetric rolling of base packages – steel 14Х17Н13КМБх + cladding layer-steel 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч, a bimetallic workpiece was made, which had low stresses in the welded seam and the zone of thermal influence, unlike the package 14Х17Н13КМБх + 10ХФТБх. Therefore, no grooving and thermal cracks were observed in the bimetal samples during the magneithermal production of spongy titanium. The inflow of nickel into spongy titanium from the surface of the plating layer during the recovery process did not exceed 0.004 % by mass. in the first five blocks of titanium since the beginning of operation.
 Research methods. Metallographic, durometric, dilatometric.
 Results. With the help of dilatometric research, the coefficients of thermal expansion of samples of base steels – 14Х17Н13КМБх, and steels of the cladding layer – 10ХФТБх and 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч were obtained. As a result of research close to production conditions, a bimetallic workpiece was obtained, which is not subject to gouging, is crack-resistant and does not cause nickel to flow into the titanium sponge.
 Scientific novelty. On the basis of experimental data, the development of destruction of the inner surface of the reactors of the magnetothermal process for the production of sponge titanium, which is subjected to temperature, mechanical load and periodic contact with titanium tetrachloride, liquid magnesium and magnesium chloride, which leads to grooving, the appearance of cracks in the reactor and the inflow of nickel into the titanium sponge, has been established. It is shown that in order to eliminate these undesirable phenomena, it is necessary to use a bimetallic material of different chemical composition with similar structure and physical and mechanical properties: coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness and strength limit.
 Practical value. On the basis of research results, the chemical composition of the base – steel 14Х17Н13КМБч, cladding layer – steel 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч and the mode of hot deformation were developed, which made it possible to obtain the necessary structure, physico-mechanical and service properties.
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Medeiros, Flavio, Erdal Ozkan, and Hossein Kazemi. "Productivity and Drainage Area of Fractured Horizontal Wells in Tight Gas Reservoirs." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 11, no. 05 (2008): 902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/108110-pa.
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Summary This paper discusses the performance and productivity of fractured horizontal wells in heterogeneous, tight-gas formations. Production characteristics and flow regimes of unfractured and fractured horizontal wells are documented. The results show that if hydraulic fracturing affects stress distribution to create or rejuvenate natural fractures around the well, the productivity of the system is significantly increased. Unless there is significant contrast between the conductivities of the hydraulic and natural fractures, hydraulic fractures may not significantly contribute to the productivity. For extremely tight formations, the effective drainage area may be limited to the naturally fractured region around the well and the hydraulic fractures. It is also shown that very long transient flow periods govern the productivity and economics of fractured horizontal wells in tight formations. The results of this study are also applicable to oil production from fractured shale. Introduction Economic gas and oil production from low permeability reservoirs has been a challenge for the oil and gas industry. Because most of the high permeability reservoirs have been exploited and many low permeability reservoirs remain undeveloped, the latter have taken the industry attention recently. Particular attention has been given to tight-gas reservoirs with permeability in the range of micro-Darcies or below and to oil accumulation in fractured shale. Hydraulically fractured horizontal wells are the proven technology to produce oil and gas from tight formations. Hydraulic fractures reduce well drawndown, increase the productivity of horizontal wells by increasing the surface area in contact with formation, and provide high conductivity paths to the wellbore. Depending on in-situ stress orientation, hydraulic fractures can be parallel (longitudinal) or perpendicular (transverse) to horizontal well axis. Project economics in tight formations, however, depends strongly on well spacing and the number of hydraulic fractures required to drain the reservoir efficiently. Field evidence indicates that the drainage areas of fractured horizontal wells in tight formations may be limited to a rectangular region confining the horizontal well and the transverse hydraulic fractures. Also, there has been evidence that hydraulic fracturing in tight formations changes stresses in fracture drainage area, which could create or rejuvenate natural fractures in the near-vicinity of the horizontal well. This fracture network, which may be characterized as a dual-porosity system, may contribute significantly to improve productivity of the fractured horizontal well. Much work has been done (Soliman et al. 1990; Larsen and Hegre 1994; Temeng and Horne 1995; Raghavan et al. 1997; Wan and Aziz 1999; Al-Kobaisi et al. 2006) to investigate pressure-transient analysis and short- and long-term productivity of horizontal wells with single or multiple hydraulic fractures. The effect of a dual-porosity zone surrounding hydraulic fractures, however, has not been considered in the previous studies. The main objective of this study is to investigate the combined effects of a dual-porosity region and hydraulic fractures on the productivity of horizontal wells. The results presented in this work are based on a semianalytical model developed by Medeiros et al. (2006). The model was derived from the Green's function formulation of the solution for the diffusivity equation (Gringarten and Ramey, 1974, Ozkan and Raghavan, 1991a, 1991b) and has the capability to incorporate local heterogeneities. In this work, we use the semianalytical model to incorporate induced finite-conductivity fractures (transverse and longitudinal) along the horizontal well and naturally fractured zones around the hydraulically fractured horizontal well by using the dual-porosity idealization. We use the example data sets given in Tables 1 through 3 to consider different cases of horizontal wells with and without induced and natural fractures.
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Wen, Zilan, Zhen Zeng, Fei Ren, and Fred O. Asiegbu. "The Conifer Root and Stem Rot Pathogen (Heterobasidion parviporum): Effectome Analysis and Roles in Interspecific Fungal Interactions." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (2019): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120658.
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Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen is an economically important basidiomycete, causing root and stem rot disease of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in Northern Europe. The H. parviporum genome encodes numerous small secreted proteins, which might be of importance for interacting with mycorrhiza symbionts, endophytes, and other saprotrophs. We hypothesized that small secreted proteins from H. parviporum (HpSSPs) are involved in interspecific fungal interaction. To identify HpSSP-coding genes potentially involved, we screened the H. parviporum effectome and compared their transcriptomic profiles during fungal development and in planta tree infection. We further conducted phylogenetic analysis, and identified a subset of hypothetical proteins with nonpredicted domain or unknown function as HpSSPs candidates for further characterization. The HpSSPs candidates were selected based on high-quality sequence, cysteine residue frequency, protein size, and in planta expression. We subsequently explored their roles during in vitro interaction in paired cultures of H. parviporum with ectomycorrhizal Cortinarius gentilis, endophytic Phialocephala sphaeroides, saprotrophs (Mycena sp., Phlebiopsis gigantea, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium), respectively. The transcriptomic profile revealed that a large proportion of effector candidates was either barely expressed or highly expressed under all growth conditions. In vitro dual-culture test showed that P. sphaeroides and C. gentilis were overgrown by H. parviporum. The barrage zone formation or no physical contact observed in paired cultures with the saprotrophs suggest they had either combative interaction or antibiosis effect with H. parviporum. Several HpSSPs individuals were up- or downregulated during the nonself interactions. The results of HpSSPs gene expression patterns provide additional insights into the diverse roles of SSPs in tree infection and interspecific fungal interactions.
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Begum, Salma, R. K. Tombisana Devi, and N. Iboton Singh. "Evaluation of fungicides, biocontrol agents and botanicals for management of damping-off in cabbage seedlings caused by Fursarium moniliforme sheld." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (2015): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.572.
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The antagonistic effect of 10 fungicides, four biocontrol agents and 10 locally available botanicals in controlling the growth and sporulation of Fusarium moniliforme in vitro were tested. A pot culture experiment was also conducted to study the effect of seed treatment and soil treatment alone or in combination on germination and seedling vigour of cabbage. In vitro evaluation of ten fungicides by poisoned food technique showed that all the fungicides efficiently inhibited complete inhibition of the linear growth of the fungus was observed with Thiophenate methyl, Carbendazim, Mancozeb, Difenconazole, Propiconazole, Hexaconazole, Sixer and Tricyclazole. Sporulation was completely inhibited by all the fungicides evaluated. In dual culture technique of the fungus and biocontrol agents, of the four biocontrol agents evaluated the antagonists, T. hamatum completely overgrew the pathogen, T. harzianum colonized on half of the growth of the pathogen, T. viride remained locked with the fungus at the point of contact and P. citrinum formed inhibition zone with the fungus. Sporulation was completely inhibited by all the four antagonists. Among the ten locally available botanicals tested by poisoned food technique in vitro, garlic extract showed maximum fungitoxic propertyfollowed wild sage (Lantana camara), onion (Allium cepa), neem (Azadirachta indica), goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) and marigold (Tagetes erecta) . In pot culture experiment, the least disease incidence was recorded in soil treatment with carbendazim (26%) followed by T. harzianum (29%) and P. glabrum (29.7%). However,considering the various drawbacks and hazardous effects resulting from use of chemicals, biocontrol agents and plant extracts can be recommended to use in raising healthy seedlings free from pre- and post-emergence damping-off.
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Kim, Jaeyoung. "Effect of Dual-focus Contact Lenses on Myopic Progression." Annals of Optometry and Contact Lens 22, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52725/aocl.2023.22.1.1.
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The prevalence of myopia is increasing, and is particularly high in Asia, including Korea. The myopia is associated with serious ocular complications such as cataract, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. There have been several studies to control progression of myopia using optical or medical treatment. Among them, MiSight<sup>®</sup> has been clinically proven and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to control the progression of myopia in children. MiSight<sup>®</sup> is a dual-focus contact lens containing a large central correction zones to correct refractive error and concentric zones of alternating distance and near powers to produce myopic retinal defocus. In this paper, I reviewed the optical design of dual-focus contact lens, and the results of several clinical studies that showed efficacy and safety of dual-focus contact lens on the progression of myopia is investigated.
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Kuznetsov, M., and G. Kryachko. "INFLUENCE OF BLOWING PARAMETERS AND SLAG REGIME ON SILICON AND SULFUR CONTENT IN BLAST-FURNACE CAST IRON." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 1, no. 38 (2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.38.2021.1.
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At two blast furnaces (BF) with a volume of 1386 and 1500 m³, the influence of the parameters of blast and slag modes on the content of silicon and sulfur in cast iron was investigated. The blast mode was evaluated by the consumption of pulverized coal fuel (PCF) and oxygen, the slag mode was evaluated by its basicity CaO / SiO₂. It was found that the injection of pulverized coal into the hearth of 1500 m³ BF in the range of flow rates from 108 to 120 g/m³·s, and in the hearth of 1386 m³ BF in the range from 90 to 110 g/m³·s was accompanied by a decrease in the silicon content in cast iron. The deterioration of the transition of silicon into cast iron with an increase in the consumption of pulverized coal is explained by the complex effect of factors that retard the reduction of its oxides. Extreme relationships were also established between the intensity of melting in terms of oxygen consumption and the silicon content in the cast iron of the furnaces under study. The extreme dependences of the studied variables are due to the dual effect of the melting intensity on the reduction of silicon oxides: a reduction in the time of contact of the metal with furnace gases reduces the possibility of transition of silicon into metal, and an increase in the volume of the silicon reduction zone improves these possibilities. When operating a 1386 m³ furnace on calcium slag in the range of CaO / SiO₂ basicity change from 0.9 to 1.3 without removing the blast furnace operation periods associated with a change in operating conditions, the absence of dependence of the silicon content in cast iron on the CaO/SiO₂ modulus was found/ In its turn this indicated the complexity of factors influencing the reduction of silicon oxides. In the same range of changes in basicity and different operating modes of the furnace, a noticeable effect of basicity on the sulfur content in cast iron was observed, which indicates the decisive role of basicity in the process of blast-furnace desulfurization.
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Belogolovskii, M. A., S. Y. Larkin, A. I. Khachaturov, and T. A. Khachaturova. "Devices with dual-zone tunnel insulator based on nanoscale superconducting contacts and ferromagnetic layers." Electronics and Communications 18, no. 1 (2013): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2013.18.1.186879.
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Siemek, Jakub, and Jerzy Stopa. "A Simplified Semi-Analytical Model for Water-Coning Control in Oil Wells With Dual Completions System." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 124, no. 4 (2002): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1506699.
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In this paper, a mathematical model and numerical investigations on dynamic water/oil contact (WOC) in a reservoir with active bottom waters are addressed. An original analytical solution describing the theoretical shape of the dynamic oil-water contact in the reservoir is presented and compared with some results of numerical simulations made by a commercial flow-simulator. It is shown that both water and oil may be produced simultaneously but selectively from their respective zones. This allows a theoretical control of the dynamic WOC by the water flow rate. Consequently, an increased amount of oil can be produced along with water, depending on the well completion interval in relation to the oil/water contact in the reservoir. This shows the possibility of an “in situ” separation concept. The advantage of such a separate production of water and oil is to prevent the mixing oil with water within the pump and tubing.
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Stepanova, Eva, Pavel Zak, Alzbeta Zavrelova, et al. "The Detection of Viral Infection in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples Collected From Recipients of Allogeneic Haematological Stem Cell Transplantation with Pneumonia (A 3 Year Epidemiological Study 2008–2010)." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 4577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4577.4577.
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Abstract Abstract 4577 Background Both radiological (chest X-rays and High Resolution Computed Tomography) and PCR methods are essential for viral pneumonia diagnostic procedures. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples obtained from patients with signs of lower respiratory tract infection were tested and analysed for viral agents. Materials and methods: Forty seven BAL samples were obtained from 32 recipients (20 males and 12 females) of allogeneic haematological stem cell transplantation. Of those, 30 patients (93 %) were transplanted for haematological malignancy (52 % with acute myeloid leukemia, 12 % with chronic lymphatic leukemia) and 2 for aplastic anemia. BAL sampling was performed in locations of maximum signs of pathological process according to X-ray or HRCT. For testing, 4× 50 ml of F1/1 was installed in alveoli and 3rd and 4th portions were used. Viral infection diagnosis was based on real-time PCR detection of nucleic acid and/or immunochromatography detection of viral antigens. The following examinations were commonly performed on BAL samples: microscopic and cytologic examination (including staining for Pneumocystis jiroveci and branched fungi), cultivation (bacteriological, mycological and mycobacterial), real-time PCR (adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1,2, influenza virus A/B/H1N1, parainfluenza virus 1,2,3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), varicella zoster virus, rhinovirus, Epstein Barr virus, human metapneumovirus, Mycobacterium sp. et TBC, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Aspergillus fumigatus, panfungal DNA, Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP)) and immunochromatography/immunofluorescence detection of antigens (Adenovirus, influenza virus A/B, respiratory syncytial virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae) and Aspergillus galactomannan. Results: Viral agents were detected in 20 (out of 47) samples (in some of those, several tests yielded more than one positive or grey zone result). No viral infection was detected in 27 samples. Dual viral infection was diagnosed in 4 cases. Overall, 20 tests proved significant viral load (104cp/ml) (see Tab. 1). Tab. 1 Viruses examined and detected by PCR and immunochromatography (therapy: G – ganciclovir, F – foscarnet, A - aciclovir, T oseltamivir, R – ribavirin). Note: Influenza is mostly detected from nasal swab – this type of sample was not included in our study. Discussion and conclusion The examination of BAL is very helpful for early diagnosis of viral pneumonia. The analysis must be performed from the 3rd and 4th portion of lavage fluid that comes in close contact with the terminal part of lungs - alveoli. As we expected CMV, HSV and RSV were found to be the most frequent causes of viral pneumonia. PCP pneumonia was not detected because of the sulfamethoxazolum/trimethoprimum prophylaction. In case of low viral load all other clinical, radiological and other laboratory findings must be evaluated to confirm viral etiology. High viral load is always alarming and it is necessary to start administration of causative antiviral therapy as soon as possible if it is available. Disclosures: Smolej: GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Travel Grants; Roche: Honoraria, Travel Grants; Genzyme: Honoraria, Travel Grants.
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Mori, Yuki, Ryojun Ikeura, and Ming Ding. "Estimation of Care Receiver’s Position Based on Tactile Information for Transfer Assist Using Dual Arm Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 26, no. 6 (2014): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2014.p0743.
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<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00260006/07.jpg"" width=""300"" />Position estimation by forearms</div> For a robot that uses two arms to lift and transfer a care receiver from a bed to a wheelchair, we report a method of estimating the positioning of the care receiver. The maneuver for such a task involves a high DOF, and the robot is capable of executing the maneuver much like a human being. The care receiver may experience pain or become unstable when being carried, however, depending on the positioning of contact between the robot’s arms and the care receiver. For this reason, nursing care robots must be able to recognize the positioning of contact with the care receiver and either modify it or alert the operator if it is unsuitable. We use the information obtained by tactile sensors on the robot’s arms when making contact with the care receiver to estimate the latter’s positioning. By dividing a care receiver’s position on a bed into nine zones and applying machine learning to tactile sensor data and positioning, it is possible to estimate positioning highly accurately. </span>
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Carpenter, Chris. "Static Measurements Enhance Saturation and Permeability Interpretation." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 08 (2021): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0821-0046-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202683, “Marrying the Static and Dynamic Worlds: Enhancing Saturation and Permeability Interpretation Using a Combination of Multifrequency Dielectric, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Wireline Formation Testers,” by Hassan Mostafa, Ghassan Al-Jefri, SPE, and Tania Felix Menchaca, SPE, ADNOC, et al., prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Accurate water saturation evaluation and permeability profiling are crucial factors in determining volumetrics and productivity of multiple, stacked carbonate reservoirs offshore Abu Dhabi and derisking reservoir management. The case study presented in the complete paper illustrates how the integration of static measurements, such as dielectric dispersion and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with dynamic measurements improves understanding of reservoir properties and supports more-accurate reservoir evaluation. Sampling and downhole fluid analysis (DFA) performed by wireline formation tester (WFT) identifies the fluid and rock properties in various flow units. Field Background and Challenges Optimal field development requires accurate estimations of water saturation and permeability. In this greenfield, the hydrocarbon is generally oil (medium to light) with very low asphaltene content. Overall, the reservoir quality is controlled by a combination of depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy, and diagenesis. Some reservoirs have good porosity, but reconciliation of log-based water saturation results with well-test results has been an issue. The objective in this case study was to drill a pilot hole for data gathering in a poorly characterized field location. Phase I included drilling a hole with a 55° deviation to cover all reservoirs for data gathering only, with the openhole reservoir section then being plugged and abandoned. Phase II of the plan was to sidetrack and complete the well as dual water-injector boreholes. In the reservoir section of the pilot borehole, a variety of logs was acquired for evaluation, including both logging-while-drilling and wireline measurements. While drilling, triple- combination data were acquired, consisting of gamma ray, resistivity, and nuclear logs (density neutron) along with resistivity images. The wireline-logging program was carried out in two stages to avoid differential sticking. In the first stage, the WFT was used to acquire 10 pressure points, seven points in the first reservoir and three points in the second. Two DFA stations were also recorded in Zone 1 to confirm whether the oil/water contact was deeper than expected. Logging was conducted using a high-tension wireline cable, which facilitates quicker accessibility to the openhole sections. In the second stage, multiple wireline runs were performed for the formation evaluation of the complete section, followed by the WFT pressure and fluid-sampling run on the drillpipe conveyance. Another critical challenge was to obtain accurate water saturations in the heterogeneous, minor, thin reservoirs, which are bounded by dense layers above and below and cause shoulder-bed effects. The third challenge in this well was to obtain an accurate, continuous, and representative permeability profile for the multiple reservoirs. WFT mini-drillstem test (DST) stations along with NMR logs were used to address this important requirement.
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Druzhinin, Valentin N., Vadim G. Suvorov, Nikolay V. Druzhinin, Aleksandr N. Cherniyi, and Sergey N. Troynyakov. "X-ray computer densitometry in the diagnosis of fat hepatosis." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, no. 10 (2020): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-10-681-686.
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Currently, the problem of reducing the risk of developing fat liver hepatosis from exposure to household and industrial toxicants among the working-age population continues to be an important medical and social problem, since not timely diagnosis of the disease can lead to its progressive course with the development of inflammatory changes, necrosis and liver fibrosis up to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. In this regard, the search for methods and techniques that optimize the diagnosis of fat hepatosis is relevant. Modern methods of radiation diagnostics of liver density characteristics can significantly reduce subjectivity in the assessment of changes due to the use of quantitative indicators. The aim of study - improving the quality of x-ray diagnostics of fat liver disease based on a precision assessment of the density of the liver parenchyma using computed tomography. A comparative retrospective analysis of the results of a comprehensive clinical and radiological examination of 115 men of working age in the range of 40-55 years was performed. The main group (48 people) - employees of machine-building plants: shapers, stumpers, fitters-assemblers who had industrial contact with such factors as local vibration, dust, noise, muscle strain, burdened with a long alcoholic history and the presence of signs of metabolic syndrome: hyperlipidemia, impaired tolerance to carbohydrates, diabetes, abdominal obesity. The comparison group included representatives of auxiliary professions without clinical signs of pathology (47 people), comparable in age and experience with the main group. X-ray examinations were performed using computer tomographs: "HI Spead CT/e Dual" by GE Medical Systems and "Aqulion 64" by Toshiba. To measure the liver density in Hounsfield units (HU), the ROI (zone of interest) tool was used, which allows determining the desired value over areas of different dimensions. Measurements were performed on computer screens in 4 zones of interest at 4 levels of scanning of the liver lobes (apex, level of the caval gate, level of the left lobe, level of the portal gate) with the calculation of the average values of the density index (IDH) and density gradients (IDG) relative to the aorta, spleen and kidney. Analysis of the results of a posteriori CT densitometry of various parts of the liver within the framework of the developed algorithm, including the use of absolute and relative (gradient) x-ray density indicators of hepatic, vascular (aorta),splenic and renal structures, allowed us to expand our understanding of the quantitative density characteristics both in normal and in patients with signs of diffuse fat hepatosis (FH). It was found that the liver parenchyma density indicators can be a kind of (conditional), sometimes the only indicators of the degree of severity of changes that objectively manifest positive or negative dynamics of pathophysiological processes and, in particular, at the initial stages of the development of the studied pathology. Density differences in the right and left liver parenchyma in the control group (conditional norm) in terms of absolute density and its gradient, regardless of the level of scanning, were insignificant (statistically unreliable). In patients with clinical signs of fatty liver infiltration at the stage of steatosis, in the absence of x-ray morphologically detectable structural changes, a decrease in IDH and the dynamics of its increase (recovery) at various stages of observation were revealed. Even with comparatively equal IDH of the evaluated departments, the IDG of different people differed, manifesting the individuality of metabolic processes occurring in the body, in particular in the liver, is a kind of indicator of their direction and severity. The significance of density indicators as predictors of the subsequent stages of the pathology under consideration was particularly evident in the analysis of the results of primary diagnostics and its development in the dynamics of observations. The application of the developed methodological approach allowed us to expand our understanding of the possibilities of KT-liver densitometry in patients with metabolic syndrome (hyperlipidemia, impaired carbohydrate tolerance, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity) in the diagnosis of fatty liver disease (FLD) at various stages of examination, including in the early subclinical phases of pathology development. The results obtained indicate the predominant role of ethyl alcohol as a hepatotoxicant in the development of FLD in the estimated cohort of the working-age population. The use of an original algorithm for evaluating tissue density makes it possible to significantly ensure the objectivity of the interpretation of research results.
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Tesema, Tolesa, and Megersa Adugna. "Analysis of Determinants of Economic Efficiency in Honey Production in Horo Guduru Zone, Ethiopia: Stochastic Dual Cost Frontier Model Approach." Advances in Agriculture 2023 (January 25, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5813388.
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Honey production is generating employment and source of income in the rural area of Ethiopia. However, its productivity was low. The objective of this study was to measure the economic efficiency of honey production in Ethiopia’s Horo Guduru Wollega Zone and their limiting factors. To achieve the above-mentioned objective, the study employed a survey methodology using a structured questionnaire tool, and the data were collected from 396 households. Both descriptive and econometric data analysis methods are employed. Dual cost was used to measure the levels of economic efficiency and the Tobit model to identify the determinants of economic efficiency in the study area. In this regard, the analysis relied on a cross-sectional data collected from 396 sample farm households. The mean economic efficiency was 44%. This demonstrates that the farmers in the study area have to decrease production cost by 56% to achieve 100% economic efficiency level. From the determinants of economic efficiency family size, extension services, training, beekeeping experience, and family size are significant technical efficiency variables for honey producers. The study suggests policies to address economic inefficiencies by increasing the number of hives, extending the best performers’ experience by increasing the frequency of extension contacts on honey production, facilitating and expanding credit service in the study area, making bee forage access simple, and increasing forest coverage on the land area in line with the current policy of Ethiopia. Additionally, since farmers in the study area spend their time guarding the honey from damage by ants and monkeys, labor that utilizes technology must be made available in the study area.
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Mueller, Mathias, Benjamin F. Walter, Peter K. Swart, et al. "A tale of three fluids: Fluid-inclusion and carbonate clumped-isotope paleothermometry reveals complex dolomitization and dedolomitization history of the Latemar platform." Journal of Sedimentary Research 92, no. 12 (2022): 1141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2022.047.
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Abstract This work focuses on an exceptionally complex natural laboratory, the Triassic Latemar isolated platform in the Dolomite Mountains of northern Italy. It explores spatial and temporal gradients in processes and products related to contact metamorphism, dolomitization, and the dedolomitization of marine limestones. Rock samples were studied using dual fluid-inclusion thermometry and clumped-isotope thermometry. Independent of the spatial position at Latemar, Δ47 clumped-isotope and fluid-inclusion data provide contrasting paleotemperature estimates. An apparent lack of systematic patterns in fluid-inclusion data (homogenization temperature, salinity, density) results from analyses of micrometer-sized growth zones within a single crystal. The composition of the individual fluid inclusions represents a “snapshot” of fluid mixing with variable endmember elemental ratios. The bulk crush-leach data and slopes in Caexcessversus Nadeficit diagrams indicate different water–rock interactions and fluid signatures with evaporation sequences and crystalline rocks. The presence of three fluid types (crystalline basement brine, halite-dissolution brine, seawater) in all carbonates suggests that all fluids coexisted during contact metamorphism and dolomitization of Latemar carbonates. Non-equilibrium processes overruled thermodynamic controls on the precipitation of diagenetic phases. Fluid mixing resulted in the precipitation of two complex carbonate successions. The Δ47 data represent bulk temperatures, averaging the mixing ratio of fluids with different temperatures and their respective volume. Fluid-inclusions record patterns of remarkable complexity and shed light on the complexity of a multi-fluid system. Data shown here provide answers to the controversial interpretation of dolomitizing fluid temperature in the Latemar and exemplify the strengths of multi-proxy paleotemperature studies.
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Keon, B. H., S. Schäfer, C. Kuhn, C. Grund, and W. W. Franke. "Symplekin, a novel type of tight junction plaque protein." Journal of Cell Biology 134, no. 4 (1996): 1003–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.134.4.1003.
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Using a monoclonal antibody we have identified and cDNA-cloned a novel type of protein localized, by light and electron microscopy, to the plaque associated with the cytoplasmic face of the tight junction-containing zone (zonula occludens) of polar epithelial cells and of Sertoli cells of testis, but absent from the junctions of vascular endothelia. The approximately 3.7-kb mRNA encodes a polypeptide of 1142 amino acids (calculated molecular weight 126.5 kD, pI 6.25), for which the name "symplekin" (from Greek sigma upsilon mu pi lambda epsilon kappa epsilon iota, nu, to tie together, to weave, to be intertwined) is proposed. However, both the mRNA and the protein can also be detected in a wide range of cell types that do not form tight junctions or are even completely devoid of any stable cell contacts. Careful analyses have revealed that the protein occurs in all these diverse cells in the nucleoplasm, and only in those cells forming tight junctions is it recruited, partly but specifically, to the plaque structure of the zonula occludens. We discuss symplekin as a representative of a group of dual residence proteins which occur and probably function in the nucleus as well as in the plaques exclusive for either tight junctions, adherens junctions, or desmosomes.
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Schneider, Stephen P. "Local Circuit Connections Between Hamster Laminae III and IV Dorsal Horn Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 3 (2008): 1306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00962.2007.
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To better understand the role of intrinsic spinal cord circuits in the integration of mechanosensory information, we studied synaptic transmission between neurons in Rexed's laminae III–IV, a major termination zone for cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferents, using dual, simultaneous whole cell electrophysiological recordings in young hamsters. Synaptic connections were detected between 32 of 106 cell pairs (linkage probability of 0.3) and were predominantly unidirectional (91%). Inhibitory connections outnumbered excitatory connections by 2:1. Amplitude of single-axon postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) was independent of postsynaptic cell input resistance. Intracellular labeling suggested that recordings were obtained from local axon interneurons. In connected cell pairs, the percentage of presynaptic action potentials that failed to evoke a postsynaptic response was 44 ± 29%. Shape indices of PSPs suggested that synaptic contacts were widely distributed along the postsynaptic membrane. Linkage probability was unrelated to intrinsic firing properties, laminar position of the cells or the distance (<160 μm) separating them. However, PSPs in target cells following action potentials in neurons with phasic firing patterns had longer duration and lower failure rates than PSPs activated by neurons with tonic firing patterns. Thus transmission reliability at synapses between lamina III/IV interneurons overall is low, and efficacy of these connections is related to firing properties of the presynaptic cells. The observations also suggest that synaptic organization in LIII–IV is fundamentally different from the superficial dorsal horn (LI–II) where neural circuits may be composed of stereotyped units made from connections between a few functional types of neurons.
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Costa, Renata Aparecida, Antonio Roberto Saad, Anderson Targino da Silva Ferreira, Maria Carolina Hernandez Ribeiro, and Regina De Oliveira Moraes Arruda. "URBAN SANITARY CONDITIONS AND BATHING WATER QUALITY OF THE ENSEADA AND SÃO LOURENÇO BEACHES, MUNICIPALITY OF BERTIOGA, SÃO PAULO (SE, BRAZIL) / CONSEQUÊNCIAS DAS CONDIÇÕES SANITÁRIAS URBANAS DAS PRAIAS DA ENSEADA E SÃO LOURENÇO, MUNICÍPIO DE BERTIOGA-SP, NA QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS DESTINADAS À BALNEABILIDADE." Journal of Sedimentary Environments 3, no. 3 (2018): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2018.38136.
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Brazilian coastal zone comprises more than 8,000 km of extension, which together with the tropical climate, increase the interest of the coastal tourism in the coastal zone. Consequently, the demand for services in coastal cities, such as basic sanitation, is also increasing. In this way, the evaluation of the beach waters quality is of great relevance, since the contact with contaminated water can raise the exposure to pathogenic microorganisms and with this the transmission of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the balneability of two beaches (Enseada and São Lourenço, municipality of Bertioga, São Paulo State, SP, Brazil) using sanitary conditions as indicators. The soil coverture and sanitary sewage system were related to the quality of the beach waters. For the analyzed period (2010 to 2016) a direct correlation (R = 0.58 and R = 0.46) was observed between the monitoring stations balneability using the criteria of the “Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente” (National Council of the Environment) CONAMA 274/2000 and the World Health Organization, respectively, and the index of the sanitary sewage system for the region, similarly, the coefficient of determination (R²) presented values of 0.34 and 0.21. The results of the applied methodology allowed a satisfactory evaluation of the water quality of selected beaches and suggested that the São Lourenço beach has a better sanitary sewage system and, consequently, a better bathing water quality and lower risks to the bathers health, while the Enseada Beach presented regular indices due to the lack of a sewage collection system in most of this settlement area. ResumoA zona costeira brasileira compreende mais de 8.000 km de extensão, que aliada ao clima tropical, aumentam o interesse pelo turismo no litoral. Consequentemente, também aumenta a sobrecarga nos serviços das cidades litorâneas, como o de saneamento básico. Dessa forma, a avaliação da qualidade das águas praiais é de grande relevância, pois o contato dos banhistas com águas contaminadas pode elevar a exposição a microrganismos patogênicos, e com isso a transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a balneabilidade de duas praias (Enseada e São Lourenço, município de Bertioga-SP, SE Brasil) utilizando-se as condições sanitárias como indicadores. Para isto, buscou-se relacionar a cobertura do solo e esgotamento sanitário com a qualidade das águas das praias. Para o período analisado (2010 a 2016), observou-se uma correlação direta (R = 0,58 e R = 0,46) entre a balneabilidade dos pontos de monitoramento (critérios da Resolução CONAMA 274/2000 e da Organização Mundial da Saúde, respectivamente) e o índice de esgotamento sanitário da região; de maneira semelhante, o coeficiente de determinação (R²) apresentou valores 0,34 e 0,21. Por fim, os resultados mostraram que a metodologia utilizada permitiu avaliar a balneabilidade das praias selecionadas de forma satisfatória. Assim, a praia de São Lourenço demonstrou melhores condições de esgotamento sanitário e, como consequência, melhor balneabilidade e menores riscos à saúde dos banhistas, enquanto que a Praia da Enseada apresentou índices regulares em decorrência da inexistência de rede coletora de esgoto na maior parte de sua área.
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Błaszczyk, Lidia, Hanna Ćwiek-Kupczyńska, Karolina Hoppe Gromadzka, et al. "Containment of Fusarium culmorum and Its Mycotoxins in Various Biological Systems by Antagonistic Trichoderma and Clonostachys Strains." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 3 (2023): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9030289.
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Prevention of fungal diseases caused by Fusarium species, including F. culmorum, and thus the accumulation of mycotoxins in wheat ears, is a constant challenge focused on the development of new, effective crop management solutions. One of the currently most ecologically attractive approaches is biological control using natural antagonistic microorganisms. With this in mind, the antagonistic potential of thirty-three Clonostachys and Trichoderma strains was assessed in this work. Screening tests were carried out in in vitro cultures, and the observed potential of selected Trichoderma and Clonostachys strains was verified in field and semi-field experiments with two forms of wheat: winter cv. Legenda and spring cv. Bombona. Three strains, namely C. rosea AN291, T. atroviride AN240 and T. viride AN430 were reported to be most effective in inhibiting the growth of F. culmorum KF846 and the synthesis of DON, 3AcDON and ZEN under both laboratory and semi-controlled field conditions. Observations of the contact zones of the tested fungi in dual cultures exposed their mycoparasitic abilities against KF846. In addition, studies on liquid cultures have demonstrated the ability of these strains to eliminate F. culmorum toxins. Meanwhile, the strains of T. atroviride AN35 and T. cremeum AN392 used as soil inoculants in the field experiment showed a different effect on the content of toxins in ears (grains and chaffs), while improved wheat yield parameters, mainly grain health in both wheat cultivars. It is concluded that the selected Trichoderma and Clonostachys strains have a high potential to reduce the adverse effects of F. culmorum ear infection; therefore, they can be further considered in the context of potential biocontrol factors and as wheat crop improvers.
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Druzhinin, Alexander. "The "Caucasian component" of the ethno-demographic structure of the regions of Southern Russia: post-Soviet dynamics." Pskov Journal of Regional Studies 17, no. 3 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310014704-7.
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Modern Russia is a space of prolonged interaction of many peoples and ethnic groups. The general numerical prevalence in the ethnic structure of Russians is combined, at the same time, with almost ubiquitous &quot;intersperses&quot; of non-ethnic territories, as well as areas and zones characterized by complex inter-ethnic contact that differs in its dynamics. The latter include the vast majority of the regions of the South of Russia (understood as the dual unity of the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts), where the manifestations of polyethnicity are predetermined not only by the history of regionogenesis, but also by the factors of geographical proximity, and the issues of ethnodemographic dynamics in the post-Soviet period are particularly relevant. The article (based on the data of the population censuses of 1989, 2002 and 2010) aims to identify (and emphasize) the &quot;Caucasian component&quot; in the transformation of the ethnodemographic structure of the regions of Southern Russia. It is established, in particular, that the&quot; peak &quot; of migration of the peoples of the South Caucasus to the region (focused on the Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, Rostov region and Dagestan) occurred in the 1990s, and in the subsequent period, the main ethnodemographic changes were determined by the diffusion of the leading (in terms of their number) autochthonous North Caucasian ethnic groups (Chechens, Avars, Dargins, etc.) from the areas of their own &quot;local development&quot; to the steppe and coastal territories. It is shown that the trend of &quot;Caucasization&quot; of the regions of the Russian South is long-term, stable (and&quot; multi-speed &quot; for individual subjects of the Federation), and its effect can be predicted for the long term.
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Schultz, Tor P., Darrel D. Nicholas, and William P. Henry. "Efficacy of a copper(II)/oxine copper wood preservative mixture after 69 months of outdoor ground-contact exposure and a proposed mechanism to explain the observed synergism." Holzforschung 59, no. 3 (2005): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.061.
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Abstract Ground-contact stakes, made from defect-free southern yellow pine sapwood, were treated with water-borne copper(II) [ammoniacal copper carbonate, ACC, Cu(II)] alone, oil-borne oxine copper (Cu-8) alone, or a dual treatment of ACC followed by drying and then Cu-8. The treated stakes were installed at two locations in Mississippi (Dorman Lake and Saucier) in high- or severe-deterioration hazard zones and inspected after 69 months of exposure. Stakes treated with Cu(II) alone at the highest retention of 5.1 kg m−3 [copper retention is based on the copper oxide (CuO) weight, as is standard in the US] performed moderately well at the Saucier test site, with decay and termite ratings of 8.0 out of 10.0, but unsatisfactory at the Dorman Lake test plot, with decay and termite ratings both below 7.0. Samples treated with Cu-8 alone at the highest retention of 1.92 kg m−3 had poor termite protection, with ratings below 7 at both sites, and only fair decay ratings of 7.0 (Dorman Lake) and 7.6 (Saucier). In contrast, all stakes treated with Cu(II)/Cu-8 combinations, with at least 2.4 kg m−3 Cu(II) and 0.2 kg m−3 Cu-8, performed satisfactorily, with average decay and termite ratings all above 8.0 at both locations. The addition of Cu(II) to Cu-8 likely causes the di-ligand form [bis(8-hydroxyquinolinolate)Cu(II)] to equilibrate principally to the mono form. Thus, the combination of Cu(II) and Cu-8 appears to form a new compound with greater efficacy than either of the two starting “reagents” and, consequently, this mixture is not literally synergistic. Possible advantages of mono Cu-8 include: (1) the mono form may be easier to formulate in a water- or solvent-borne system than the commercial bis-Cu-8 biocide; (2) the preservative would have a relatively low metal content, which may make future disposal of treated wood easier; (3) this system would likely have much fewer metal corrosion problems than preservative systems formulated with uncomplexed copper(II); and (4) the two copper coordination sites that are not complexed with the ligand could bind to the carboxylic or phenolic groups in wood to make the mono form relatively leach-resistant.
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Garnett, R. L. "Recovery of Heavy Oil From the Monterey Formation in Offshore California by Cyclic Injection of Light-Oil Diluent." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 01 (2001): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/70992-pa.
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Summary This paper describes a single-well pilot in which light-oil diluent was injected through tubing to lower in-situ oil viscosity and increase production from a low-gravity oil well. The pilot well is located on the Heritage platform in the Santa Ynez Unit and produces from the Monterey formation. The pilot validated laboratory data suggesting that large production-rate increases could result from high-rate diluent injection. Introduction The Monterey formation is a complex reservoir with intense structuring, fracturing, and highly variable rock properties. It is a dual-porosity system, with low-permeability matrix rock and extensive fracturing. The fractures provide the flow path to the wells and are well-connected to a very large aquifer. The fluid system is equally complex. The original oil column was 2,000 ft thick, and the oil gravity varied from 5 to 19°API. Gravity/depth relationships vary within the field area. Heavy oil, as defined in this paper, is oil with dead-oil gravities of approximately 11°API or less. Fig. 1 is a geothermal temperature-gradient curve for offshore California. Fig. 2 is an estimation of live-oil viscosities for Monterey crude as a function of temperature and dead-oil gravity. Recovering the heavier oil at economic rates without producing large volumes of water is a challenge owing to a strong aquifer, highly permeable fractures, and a poor oil/water viscosity ratio. Achieving the large drawdown required to produce heavy oil at the high rates needed for economic operations offshore can result in the oil being bypassed by water flowing through the fractures. Even if bypassing can be avoided, the flow rate of heavy oil to the wellbore can be low. Furthermore, cooling of the heavy oil as it reaches the seafloor results in additional producing problems. As seen in Fig. 2, a 10°API oil has an in-situ viscosity of 100 cp at 200°F. As the heavy oil flows to the surface and cools, viscosity can rise above 10,000 cp and cause severe lifting problems. Deep, long throw wells (6,000 to 10,000 ft subsea), an offshore operating environment, a fracture zone with an active aquifer, and low heavy-oil prices rule out most methods of heavy-oil recovery. The challenge is to find a low-cost method to lower the oil viscosity in both the near-well region and the tubing. This paper documents a simple and inexpensive way to lower viscosity by an order of magnitude or more through cyclic injection of light oil. Theory Darcy's Law for radial, steady-state flow describes fluid flow in porous media. This simple equation gives guidance and insight to solve many oil-production problems:Equation 1 This pilot focused on reducing viscosity (µo) as a method to increase production rate (q). While the other components are also important, they were less critical for the following reasons:Fracture permeability in the major producing intervals of the Monterey formation in the Santa Barbara Channel is excellent. Wells have produced at rates in excess of 9,000 STB/D from as little as 40 ft true vertical depth (TVD) of the perforated interval. Average permeabilities are in the multidarcy range.High drawdowns may be harmful in the long run because of an unfavorable oil/water viscosity ratio. High drawdowns can result in water coning and fingering through the fractures, leaving bypassed oil in the formation. In addition, alternative lifting methods to increase drawdown can be costly owing to long throws and deep completions in the offshore environment. Reducing in-situ oil viscosity can improve the oil/water viscosity ratio, reduce water coning and fingering, reduce water cut, reduce lifting problems, and increase production rates and oil recovery from fractured heavy-oil reservoirs. HE-26 Pilot Background. The Heritage platform began producing from the Pescado field in the Santa Ynez Unit in December 1993. Wells produce 10 to 17°API oil from the Monterey and 34°API oil from sandstone formations. The Monterey formation consists of thin beds of porcelanite, chert, calcite, dolomite, and shale. The beds are highly fractured and well-connected both areally and vertically by an extensive fracture network. The fractures provide the primary flow paths in the reservoir and result in well rates as high as 10,000 STB/D. Formation pressure is supported by re-injection of produced gas and by a large, well-connected aquifer. The original oil column was approximately 2,000 ft thick and contained undersaturated oil with gravities grading from 19°API at the crest of the structure to 5°API at the original oil/water contact. Wells either flow naturally or are produced by high-volume gas lift. The sandstone formations lie below the Monterey and contain light oil with an associated gas cap. Sandstone wells flow naturally without the need for artificial lift. HE-26 History. The HE-26 well was drilled and completed in July 1997 in the Monterey formation, with perforations at 6,956 to 6,997 and 7,416 to 7,437 ft subsea. The well was stimulated with a combination of xylene, HCL, and mud acid, using foam and ball sealers for diversion. After stimulation, the well produced approximately 100 STB/D of 10.2°API oil and water. These perforations were isolated with a through-tubing bridge plug, and the well was reworked higher to 6,751 to 6,801 ft subsea. The new perforations were stimulated in a similar fashion. Oil gravity increased slightly, but production rates were unchanged. The interval was isolated with another through-tubing bridge. A final interval was perforated at 6,667 to 6,702 ft subsea. Oil gravity was slightly higher (11.4°API), but oil production rates once again did not change.
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Santos, Andréa Dryelle, and Saulo Roberto Vital. "Riscos Geomorfológicos No Município De Caicó-RN." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, no. 2 (2020): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.2.p434-448.
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Este estudo tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de mapeamento dos riscos geomorfológicos do município de Caicó, utilizando bases compostas por informações geomorfológicas (unidades geomorfológicas e declividade), cobertura da terra e dados censitários. Para realização do mapeamento geomorfológico procurou-se seguir a metodologia de compartimentação geomorfológica do relevo em táxons, proposta por Ross (1992), permitindo identificar uma unidade morfoestrutural, duas unidades morfoesculturais, uma subunidade morfoescultural e cinco modelados, sendo quatro de denudação e um de acumulação. Com a elaboração do mapa de declividade, constatou-se a predominância de zonas pedimentares, cujo nível de ondulação varia majoritariamente entre plano e suave-ondulado. A partir do mapa de uso e cobertura da terra do município, constatou-se uma hegemonia da vegetação esparsa e do solo exposto nas zonas pedimentares, e a presença de vegetação densa em superfícies elevadas ou em contato com pequenos corpos hídricos. Com a análise dos mapas censitários podemos estabelecer se existe ou não a ocorrência de áreas de risco em ambientes urbanos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que todos os mapas elaborados no presente trabalho, fornecem subsídios ao planejamento e zoneamento dos riscos e ao ordenamento do território do município de Caicó. Geomorphological Risks in the Caicó (RN) Municipality A B S T R A C TThis study aims to present a proposal for mapping geomorphological risks in the municipality of Caicó, using bases composed of geomorphological information (geomorphological units and slope), land cover and census data. For the extraction of geomorphological data, we sought to follow the methodology of geomorphological compartmentation of the relief in taxa, proposed by Ross (1992) and Brasil (2009), with adaptations for the semiarid environment. With regard to social data, the 2010 censo was used. From the elaboration of the geomorphological map, the predominance of pedestrian zones was found, whose level of undulation varies mainly between plane, smooth-wavy to moderately-wavy. Through the land cover map, it was possible to verify a hegemony of sparse vegetation and exposed soil in pedestrian zones, and the presence of dense vegetation on elevated surfaces or in contact with small bodies of water. With the analysis of census maps, in turn, we can establish relationships between physical and human variables, for the determination of socio-environmental vulnerability zones. Therefore, it should be noted that the data presented here will serve as a subsidy for urban and environmental planning in the municipality of Caicó. Keywords: Geomorphological Mapping. Geomorphological Risks. Caicó-RN.
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Ramasamy, Karthik, Lee Macpherson, Ghulam J. Mufti, Stephen Schey, and Yolanda Calle. "Dual Src/Abl Kinase Targeted Inhibition in Myeloma Microenvironment Promotes Myeloma Cell Apoptosis Both in Vitro and In Vivo." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2813.2813.
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Abstract Abstract 2813 Poster Board II-789 Osteoclast, in addition to eroding the bone resulting in lytic lesions, enhances plasma cell proliferation and survival via direct cell to cell contact. Src family protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs) and c-Abl kinase play important role downstream of integrin adhesion receptors, and regulate the cytoskeletal organisation, cell motility and gene expression in response to cell adhesion. We hypothesised targeting SFKs and Abl kinase with the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor Dasatinib has potential to reduce adhesion of plasma cells to ECM proteins in the bone marrow and modify the microenvironment by inhibiting osteoclast function, specifically bone resorption. As a result, myeloma cells could be sensitised to drugs with cytotoxic properties such as dexamethasone. Osteoclasts were generated from primary bone marrow mononuclear cells of myeloma and MGUS patients (n=10). Using Immunofluorescence, we found that Dasatinib 100nM but not dexamethasone inhibited osteoclastogenesis and disrupted the actin cytoskeletal organisation with actin clusters formed in the periphery of the cell. There was absence of actin ring formation at sealing zones which is essential for bone resorption. This effect consistently led to impaired osteoclast function, evidenced by fewer resorption pits formed on rabbit dentine slices on toluidine blue staining. Experiments were repeated ≥ 3 times. In plasma cells, the combination of dexamethasone and Dasatinib synergistically (Calcusyn software) inhibited cell proliferation at clinically relevant concentrations and induced apoptosis of human and murine myeloma cell lines alone and in cocultures with human stromal cells ( p<.001). Dasatinib alone at 200 nM concentration does not inhibit plasma cell proliferation with maximal serum concentration achieved in Phase I CML trials being 180nM. Additionally, Dasatinib and Dexamethasone in combination inhibited secretion of IL-6 but not MIL -1 alpha in stromal cell cocultures. Dasatinib but not dexamethasone significantly inhibited adhesion of myeloma cell lines on Fibronectin despite integrin activation with Magnesium EGTA. This effect was mediated through down regulation of both Src and Abl phosphorylation. Both Dasatinib and Dexamethasone inhibited adhesion of PC on stromal cells and osteoclasts. Taken together, our in vitro results suggest that Dasatinib and dexamethasone could be an effective therapeutic combination with Dasatinib impairing adhesion of plasma cells to the bone marrow microenvironment as well as osteoclast function and resultant bone disease thereby sensitising myeloma cells to the cytotoxic effect of dexamethasone. We have also established that the combination of Dasatinib 75mg/kg and dexamethasone 1mg/kg is not toxic to C57BL/KaLwRij mice. The anti-myeloma efficacy of these drugs alone and in combination is being currently studied. The combination of Dasatinib 100 mg OD days 1-28 and Dexamethasone 20mg OD on Day 1-4, 15-18 has resulted in a partial response (EBMT criteria) in 2 multiply relapsed and steroid refractory myeloma patients without significant toxicity. Serum calcium levels fell commensurate with disease response and we are currently performing experiments to analyse the effect of the drug combination on osteoclast function in vivo. These findings warrant exploring this drug combination in steroid resistant myeloma and patients with extensive skeletal disease prospectively in a phase I/II trial. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Dasatinib is not licensed for Myeloma.