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Demory, François. "Paleomagnetic dating of climatic events in Late Quaternary sediments of Lake Baikal (Siberia)". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/181/.
Pełny tekst źródłaLake Baikal provides an excellent climatic archive for Central Eurasia as global climatic variations are continuously depicted in its sediments. We performed continuous rock magnetic and paleomagnetic analyses on hemipelagic sequences retrieved from 4 underwater highs reaching back 300 ka. The rock magnetic study combined with TEM, XRD, XRF and geochemical analyses evidenced that a magnetite of detrital origin dominates the magnetic signal in glacial sediments whereas interglacial sediments are affected by early diagenesis. HIRM roughly quantifies the hematite and goethite contributions and remains the best proxy for estimating the detrital input in Lake Baikal. Relative paleointensity records of the earth′s magnetic field show a reproducible pattern, which allows for correlation with well-dated reference curves and thus provides an alternative age model for Lake Baikal sediments. Using the paleomagnetic age model we observed that cooling in the Lake Baikal region and cooling of the sea surface water in the North Atlantic, as recorded in planktonic foraminifera δ18 O, are coeval. On the other hand, benthic δ18 O curves record mainly the global ice volume change, which occurs later than the sea surface temperature change. This proves that a dating bias results from an age model based on the correlation of Lake Baikal sedimentary records with benthic δ18 O curves. The compilation of paleomagnetic curves provides a new relative paleointensity curve, “Baikal 200”. With a laser-assisted grain size analysis of the detrital input, three facies types, reflecting different sedimentary dynamics can be distinguished. (1) Glacial periods are characterised by a high clay content mostly due to wind activity and by occurrence of a coarse fraction (sand) transported over the ice by local winds. This fraction gives evidence for aridity in the hinterland. (2) At glacial/interglacial transitions, the quantity of silt increases as the moisture increases, reflecting increased sedimentary dynamics. Wind transport and snow trapping are the dominant process bringing silt to a hemipelagic site (3) During the climatic optimum of the Eemian, the silt size and quantity are minimal due to blanketing of the detrital sources by the vegetal cover.
Meilleur, Dominique. "Distribution de la taille des cristaux (DTC) et géochimie des laves rhyolitiques de la chaîne volcanique Inyo, Long Valley, Californie /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Pełny tekst źródłaBedianashvili, Giorgi. "The Koban necropolis and the Late Bronze -Early Iron Age Caucasus : Ernest Chantre’s Koban collections from the French National Archaeological (Saint-Germain-en-Laye) and Confluences (Lyon) Museums". Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4035.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work examines Ernest Chantre’s archaeological collections from the Koban necropolis, stored at the National Archaeological Museum of France, at Saint-Germain-en-Laye and the Confluences Museum in Lyon. The Koban necropolis, which was excavated by Chantre in 1881, is located in the North Caucasus. It has given its name to one of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age cultures of the Caucasus.This dissertation brings to light Koban objects, both published and unpublished, and organizes themin a systematic fashion. Typological classification of each group of objects is examined andpresented. These data are then compared with materials from other parts of the Caucasus. The focus of the research determines the cultural environment of the Koban necropolis in the Caucasus region, as objects from this site reflect certain characteristic features of different regions of the Caucasus such as Colchis and Shida Kartli.One of the main components of this dissertation is the reconstruction of Koban funeral assemblages.These are presented differently here than has previously been done. Along with presenting the assemblages, radiocarbon data is also presented from grave no. 9, which enables us to re-examine, to an extent, the chronology of Koban necropolis
Cook, Alicia McCaghren. "Edgar Degas's fan shaped designs art, decoration, and the modern woman in late-nineteenth-century France /". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/cook.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNielsen, Johs. "1864-Da Europa gik af lave /". Odense : Odense university press, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355612150.
Pełny tekst źródłaJacobsson, Inga. "Aegyptiaca from late Bronze Age Cyprus /". Jonsered : P. Aströms, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38903559s.
Pełny tekst źródłaOsgood, Richard. "Warfare in the late Bronze Age of North Europe /". Oxford : BAR, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36994668v.
Pełny tekst źródłaPouliquen, Caroline. "Le développement du tourisme dans les espaces de nature protégés français et européens : les cas du Parc National du Lake District (Royaume-Uni), de l’Espace Naturel de Doñana (Espagne) et du Parc Naturel Régional du Verdon (France)". Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the 19 th century, the first protected areas in the Western world were created and had two missions to fulfil : environmental protection and promoting opportunities for enjoyment in order to welcome tourists. Since 1970 newly created protected areas have followed this double goal. The first 'Parc Naturel Régional' we studied from 2006 to 2008 had such goals but the relationship between the environmental protection goal and the tourism development goal was very tense. Tourists were seen as a threat, and managers had rather focusing on environmental protection. This thesis deals with three protected areas : the Lake District National Park (UK), the 'Espacio Natural de Doñana' (Spain) and the 'Parc Naturel Régional du Verdon' (France). What is at stake is the discovery of whether or not the tension is real between environmental protection and tourism in these areas. We aim at understanding in what way this tension can be felt and the reasons why these areas experience this tension (or not). After a content analysis showing that words used by managers were quite severe about tourists, we study the way the area is spatially ordered ,the relationships between actors, and statistics in tourism, revealing a total breaking off between the protected area, managers and tourists, whose practices are not understood nor accepted. The study of cultural and historical factors that can explain this tension shows a strong influence of the history of tourism,artistic heritage, political and economical history on the way nature is defined and the way tourism is accepted in each area
Malmgren, Kjell. "Klavdhia-Tremithos : a middle and late Cypriote Bronze Age site /". Jonsered : Paul Åström Forlag, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39069032n.
Pełny tekst źródłaChapman, Sarah Lynn. "The embalming ritual of late period through Ptolemaic Egypt". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7771/.
Pełny tekst źródłaGoshime, Demelash. "Intégration des données de précipitations satellitaires et au sol pour l'évaluation des ressources en eau dans le bassin des lacs de la vallée centrale du Rift, en Éthiopie". Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1066.
Pełny tekst źródłaDes changements importants ont été observés dans le bilan hydrique du bassin des lacs de la vallée centrale du Rift (CRV) en Éthiopie au cours des dernières décennies, ce qui entrave leurs services pour une grande variété d'écosystèmes. Cependant, les contributions des composantes du bilan hydrique n'ont pas encore été quantifiées en raison du manque de disponibilité continue des données et de réseaux de pluviomètres suffisants. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé l'estimation des précipitations par satellite du groupe Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation (CHIRP) en utilisant la modélisation des précipitations et du ruissellement où le ruissellement simulé a servi d'entrée à la simulation du niveau de l'eau. La thèse se compose de quatre étapes ultérieures. Les deux premiers se concentrent sur l'évaluation et la correction des biais des précipitations du satellite CHIRP pour simuler le débit et le niveau de l'eau du lac en utilisant le modèle Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV). Le troisième se concentre sur la quantification du prélèvement d'eau réel et de son impact sur le bilan hydrique du lac à partir des données des relevés de captage d'eau. Dans la dernière étape, nous avons évalué la demande d'eau actuelle et future à l'aide du modèle d'évaluation et de planification de l'eau (WEAP) et évalué les impacts probables du développement des ressources en eau sur le niveau d'eau des lacs CRV. Les résultats montrent que CHIRP a des biais à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles. Cependant, la correction du biais de l'estimation satellite a considérablement réduit le biais et a révélé de meilleures simulations de ruissellement. Le ruissellement simulé pour les bassins versants de jauge Meki et Katar a contribué respectivement à 855 mm et 524 mm à l'afflux du lac. Le ruissellement des bassins versants non jaugés est d'environ 182 mm, ce qui représente 8,5% de l'apport total du lac. La simulation du niveau d'eau du lac montre une bonne concordance de 1986 à 2000, mais une détérioration de la concordance après 2000, qui est principalement attribuée à une erreur dans l'un des termes du bilan hydrique et aux influences anthropiques. Dans l'ensemble, cette étude indique l'applicabilité de l'estimation des précipitations par satellite CHIRP pour les études du bilan hydrique des lacs dans la région où les données sont rares dans la vallée centrale du Rift en Éthiopie. L'estimation du prélèvement d'eau réel du lac Ziway a montré que chaque année 37 Mm3 d'eau sont prélevés pour l'état actuel. Lorsque les futurs plans de développement seront pleinement mis en œuvre, la quantité annuelle estimée de captage d'eau augmentera de 2,5 fois (soit 94 Mm3), ce qui entraînera une baisse du niveau d'eau du lac de 0,94 m et une réduction de la surface de 38 km2. Cela entraînera par conséquent une réduction de 26% du volume de stockage réel par rapport à l'état naturel de base. Les résultats de la simulation WEAP pour l'ensemble du bassin des lacs CRV ont révélé que pour le développement à long terme une moyenne de 223,02 Mm3 de demande en eau et 176,6 Mm3 d'eau détournée du lac et de ses affluents. Cela donnera une demande annuelle non satisfaite de 46,5 Mm3 dans le bassin central des lacs de la vallée du Rift. Il a également constaté que la plupart des programmes de développement des ressources en eau dans tous les bassins versants auront des demandes non satisfaites dans les scénarios à long terme plus élevés que dans le développement actuel. Cela a donc révélé une baisse annuelle moyenne du niveau de l'eau du lac de 2, 0,97 et 2,1 m pour le lac Ziway, Langano et Abiyata, respectivement. Par conséquent, cette étude indique que les impacts actuels du développement des ressources en eau autour du lac sont substantiellement importants et vont s'accentuer dans les futurs plans de développement. Par conséquent, l'étude suggère une gestion intégrée de l'eau du lac et de ses bassins versants
Rookes, Stephen. "From the Bay of Pigs to Lake Tanganyika : non-state armed actors in the Congo crisis, 1960-1967". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20021.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhereas the Democratic Republic of the Congo became independent in June 1960 within a very short space of time the country will be torn apart by a series of secession and rebellions. In Katanga, secession is supported by the arrival of a mercenary army and the United Nations is sent to restore order by ridding the Congo of these foreign forces.The UN mission complete and its forces having been withdrawn by July 1963, the Congolese government will then be confronted by a popular rebellion in rural areas of the Congo. Supported by the People's Republic of China and radical African nations this communist-inspired rebellion makes rapid progress and soon two-thirds of the Congo is in the hands of the Simbas, the name adopted by the rebels. By August 1964 the Simbas have reached Stanleyville, the Congo's second largest city, and threaten to kill hundreds of mainly Belgian hostages. With the Congolese National Army being unfit to defeat the rebellion alone, it is reinforced by hundreds of white mercenaries. Seeing the rebellion and its communist support as a threat to its ideologies of Containment and the Domino Theory, the United States also provides military assistance in the shape of an air force and a small commando unit. Known collectively as the Makasi, these US covert forces comprise of Cuban Exiles recruited and paid by the CIA. Many of these Exiles took part in the Bay of Pigs invasion in April 1961. These Exiles join the list of CIA covert forces who have taken part in secret operations in China and in Guatemala. They will be joined by more veterans of the failed invasion in 1965 when a naval force is created to patrol Lake Tanganyika. It is from here that rebel forces are being supplied with food and weapons provided by communist-bloc nations and supporters. Moreover, from April 1965, the rebel forces will also be joined by Che Guevara who has hopes of starting up a popular revolution in the heart of Africa. Guevara's presence in the Congo being rapidly detected by the US, the Exiles are informed and see the Congo as an opportunity to gain revenge for the Bay of Pigs
Lólos, Yannos G. "The late Helladic I pottery of the southwestern Peloponnesos and its local characteristics /". Göteborg : P. Åström, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389209645.
Pełny tekst źródłaRwabuhungu, Rwatangabo Digne. "Etude du comportement biogéochimique du carbone dans le lac Kivu au nord-ouest du Rwanda". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210422.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe Rift Est-Africain comprend plusieurs grands lacs, dont le lac Kivu situé entre 1°34’
et 2°30’ de latitude Sud et compris entre 28°50’ et 29°23’ de longitude Est. Ce lac,
localisé au nord-ouest du Rwanda à la frontière avec la République Démocratique du
Congo, présente une spécificité unique au monde: ses eaux profondes contiennent
une gigantesque quantité de gaz dissous (3/4 de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), 1/4 de
gaz méthane (CH4)).
Les études antérieures indiquent que les eaux du lac Kivu présentent une structure
stratifiée particulière qui se décline en 13 couches dans le bassin principal. Nous
avons établi une nouvelle stratification, en quatre couches de la colonne d’eau dans
ce bassin sur base des données physico-chimiques mais aussi, en tenant compte
tout particulièrement du comportement biogéochimique du carbone. Cette structure
simplifiée permettra une meilleure évaluation de l’impact environnemental et une
gestion durable de l’exploitation du gisement de gaz méthane du lac Kivu.
Un suivi détaillé de plusieurs paramètres physico-chimiques, biogéochimiques ainsi
que des éléments majeurs, mineurs et en trace, présents dans le bassin principal du
lac, dans sa partie rwandaise en un point fixe au large de Kibuye, durant la petite
saison sèche, apporte un éclairage plus précis de leur distribution dans la colonne
d’eau. Une étude de la variation spatio-temporelle de ces paramètres est réalisée
aussi bien à Kibuye qu’à Gisenyi et ce durant les différentes saisons pour, entre
autres, servir de base de données nécessaire à toute comparaison ultérieure.
L’origine des gaz dissous dans le lac Kivu a fait l’objet de plusieurs études et
hypothèses. Les deux principaux gaz dissous du lac ont un élément biogéochimique
en commun: le carbone. Par des mesures isotopiques et par comparaison avec le
système limnologique du lac Tanganyika voisin, la correspondance de l’allure
générale de la distribution comparée du carbone inorganique dissous (DIC), de
l’alcalinité totale et du δ13CDIC dans les deux lacs indique notamment que les
processus à l’origine du gaz méthane du lac Kivu ne sont pas liés au magmatisme, ni
à des phénomènes thermocatalytiques. Nous pensons que le carbone, et par
conséquent le gaz méthane du lac Kivu, est d’origine phytoplanctonique.
L’explication par une étude hydrogéologique et pédologique de l’origine de la
stratification pérenne de la colonne d’eau du lac Kivu constitue un point de vue
intéressant. Une autre perspective serait, celle visant à établir par des données
biogéochimiques, le taux de régénération du gaz méthane du lac Kivu afin d’en
déterminer la durée d’exploitabilité réelle.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Boyce, Liel Y. "Knightly Bird Vows: A Case Study in Late Medieval Courtly Culture". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3134.
Pełny tekst źródłaRubin, Anita. "Growing up in social transition : in search of a late modern identity /". Turku : Turun yliopisto, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40204264k.
Pełny tekst źródłaLacroix, René. "Description du dialecte laze d’Arhavi (caucasique du sud, Turquie) : grammaire et textes". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20091/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work is a grammatical description of the Arhavi dialect of Laz, together with texts. Laz belongs to the South Caucasian (or ‘Kartvelian’) language family, alongside Mingrelian, Georgian and Svan. It is spoken in north-east Turkey. In the 1965 Turkish census, the last official statistic, 85,108 persons identified themselves as speakers of Laz.Laz is an endangered and unwritten language. All speakers are bilingual in Turkish; young people still understand the language, but do not speak it.Up until now, the grammar of Laz has only been known from older or incomplete works. The present study is the first comprehensive description of a Laz dialect.In the first part of this study, the following topics are discussed: the phonology, the phonological and morphophonological processes, the noun phrase, the interlocutive (1st and 2nd person), demonstrative and emphatic-reflexive pronouns, the interrogative and indefinite pronouns, the postpositions, the adverbs, the finite verb, the non-finite verb, the simple sentence and the complex sentence (relative clauses, adverbial clauses, complement clauses and conditional clauses). In the chapter on finite verbs, particular attention is devoted to cross-referencing affixes, tenses, spatial and affirmative preverbs, valency-changing operations (middle, applicative, potential-deagentive, causative), irregular verbs and the formation of verbal lexemes, and a morphological classification of verbs is put forward. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the origin of some cross-referencing suffixes. In the chapter on simple sentences, I examine the syntactic characteristics of core arguments, in particular of non-canonical (dative) subjects.In the second part, I present ten texts which I collected during fieldwork.This study is typologically oriented. As a consequence, it sometimes departs from other works on South Caucasian languages, which are commonly based on traditional Georgian grammar, when it is helpful to compare Laz with what has been observed in other languages
Petrović, Nenad. "Beliefs from far away : context and function of foreign cult objects in the Late Bronze Age Aegean /". Göteborg : Department of classical archaeology and ancient history, Göteborg University, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39932872b.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoutin, Henri. "Méthode de contrôle actif d'instruments de musique : cas de la lame de xilophone et du violon". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066621.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchallin, Ann-Louise. "Islands under influence : the Cyclades in the Late Bronze Age and the nature of Mycenaean presence /". Göteborg : P. Aströms Förlag, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371601690.
Pełny tekst źródłaArdisson-Charpentier, Hélène. "Étude d'un poste de travail à la chaîne (montage de lave-vaisselle) à partir d'une expérience personnelle". Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT3357.
Pełny tekst źródłaFlores, Aviles Gabriela Patricia. "A groundwater basin multidisciplinary approach to conceptualize subsurface flow and trace nitrate contamination sources. Lake Titicaca, Bolivia". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU019.
Pełny tekst źródłaWater quality degradation, climate variability and population growth are among the factors that constrains water availability in the semi-arid Katari and Lago Menor region (6,350 Km^2), leading to an increasingly exploitation of groundwater resources. This thesis aims to conceptualize subsurface flow and trace nitrate contamination sources in the groundwater system within the Katari and Lago Menor Region.A multidisciplinary approach for field investigation was used in this study, including a regional groundwater source inventory and groundwater level measurements, geophysical investigation techniques (e.g. TDEM-Time Domain ElectroMagnetic soundings), piezometer construction and installation, and a regional sampling campaign and analysis for major ion chemistry and dual isotopes of 15N-NO3 and 18O-NO3.The results allowed identifying the limits of two different geological settings (Piedmont subsystem and Lacustrine plain), the geometry of the Quaternary porous geologic media and the bottom boundaries of the aquifer.The groundwater flow regime corresponds to a classical gravity-driven regional flow system. Six subdomains possessing different hydraulic properties were identified. A large portion of the aquifer presents an unconfined behaviour, particularly on the Piedmont, whereas it remains confined in the plain areas. The thickness of the unconfined portion varies from 50 to 150 meters. Values of hydraulic conductivity for the unconfined portion range from 1.1E-04 to 5.9E-08 m/sec, specific yield ranges from 0.16 to 0.20 and recharge values range from 118 to 382 mm/year. While for the confined part the transmissivity values range around 6.0E-06 m^2/sec with a storavity value of 1.2E-02 to 6.0E-03.In the high Piedmont areas where the hydraulic heads are high, the low mineralization and the chemical and isotopic compositions showed that the groundwater source is of good quality. In contrast, in the lower sector of the Piedmont, the shallower water tables of the alluvial-fluvioglacial-lacustrine sequence, make this area more vulnerable to contamination. Chemical facies and the isotopic composition of the dissolved NO3 revealed that the main origin of this anion is related to nitrogen fertilizers towards the NW of the Piedmont and human/animal waste towards the SE. Moreover, natural nitrate attenuation processes occur mainly in the lower sector of the Piedmont, when groundwater mixes with the reservoir of lacustrine origin. Groundwater flowing in the plain areas, present primarily Na(K)-Cl facies relating the presence of evaporites. In this area groundwater is prone to contamination, especially when the clay layer is absent and in places where a connection to the Piedmont is evidenced (subterranean channels). The contribution of groundwater to the current Lake Titicaca (Cohana Bay) appears to be retarded due to the presence of the clay layer.This basin-scale conceptual groundwater flow model provides a good understanding of the aquifer functioning, and a guide to future data collection, in order to improve the robustness of future groundwater flow numerical modeling. All the science-based information generated from this research was arranged into a GIS spatial database to support decision makers in the management and protection of groundwater resources. This science-based information also contributes to the environmental remediation of Lake Titicaca, a national priority for the Plurinational State of Bolivia
Laporte, Philippe. "étude de la diffraction en géométrie de Laue : application à l'astrophysique nucléaire". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003544.
Pełny tekst źródłaVandkilde, Helle Northover Peter. "From stone to bronze : the metalwork of the late Neolithic and earliest Bronze Age in Denmark /". Højbjerg : Jutland archaeological society, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37065950t.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiegler, Thomas. "Système d'altération et minéralisation en uranium le long du faisceau structural Kiggavik-Andrew Lake (Nunavut, Canada) : modèle génétique et guides d'exploration". Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2313/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work presents a multi-scale study of the relationships between alteration and uranium mineralization along the South Eastern margin of the Meso-Proterozoic Thelon Basin, Nunavut, Canada. The ore associated alterations are hosted in an Archean volcano-sedimentary sequence belonging to the Woodburn Lake Group (WLG). Their main expression is a mineral assemblage composed of dominant illite (1Mcis & 1Mtrans polytypes) together with sudoite ± hematite and aluminum phosphate sulfate minerals. Moreover carbonaceous materials cogenetic with the uranium mineralization have been identified as potential indicators of the hydrothermal conditions. At a regional scale, alteration is strongly controlled via East-West faults forming the main frame of the Kiggavik-Andrew Lake structural trend. Then from the regional to the mineral scale, alterations signatures at Kiggavik are similar to the ones described in deep basement rocks of unconformity type uranium deposits in both Athabasca (Canada) and Kombolgie (Australia) Paleoproterozoic basins. In addition mineralogical markers studies (APS minerals) lead to the distinction between hydrothermal and diagenetic processes as well as elemental transfers during fluid rock interaction. Finally, detailed studies on radiation induced defects on illite revealed new ways to tracing and better understanding the radio elements mobility in such deep seated natural systems
Parada, Robert. "Étalonnage en vol des capteurs couleur de l'eau sur des cibles sombres". Littoral, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DUNK0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe ability to conduct in-flight absolute radiometric calibrations of ocean color sensors will determine their usefulness in the decade to come. On-board calibration systems are often integrated into the overall design of such sensors and have claimed uncertainty levels below 5%. Independent means of system calibration are needed to confirm that the sensor is accurately calibrated Vicarious (i. E. Ground-referencing) methods are an attractive way to conduct this verification. This research describes the development of in-flight absoluteradiometric calibration methods which reference dark (i. E. Low-reflectance) sites. The high sensitivity of ocean color sensors results in saturation over bright surfaces. Low-reflectance targets, such as water bodies, are therefore required for their vicarious calibration. Sensitivity analyses of the reflectance-based and radiance-based techniques, when applied to a water target, are performed. Uncertainties in atmospheric parameters, surface reflectance measurements, and instrument characterization are evaluated for calibrations of a representative ocean color sensor. Reflectance-based uncertainties range between 8. 4% at 0. 412 micrometers and 4. 0% at 0. 865 micrometers ; corresponding radiance-based uncertainties range between 12. 3% and 23. 9%. These studies indicate that better characterization of aerosol parameters is required and that radiometer pointing accuracy must be improved to make the radiance-based method useful. The uncertainty estimates are evaluated using data from a field campaign at Lake Tahoe in June, 1995. This lake is located on the California-Nevada border and has optical characteristics similar to oceanic waters. Aircraft-based radiance data and surface measurements of water reflectance are used to calibrate visible and near infrared bands of the Airbone Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). The vicariously-derived calibration coefficients are compared to those obtained from a laboratory-based calibration of AVIRIS. The results agree at the 2-6% level for the reflectance-based method indicating that the believed reflectance-based method uncertainties may be overestimated. Finally, as a consequence of this research, the testing and refinement of radiative transfer codes applicable to oceanic environments is accomplished. These modifications lead to an improvement in the prediction of top-of-atmosphere radiances over water targets
Steen, Eveline J. van der. "Tribes and territories in transition : the central East Jordan valley in the late Bronze age and early Iron ages : a study of the sources /". Leuven : Peeters, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41032833w.
Pełny tekst źródłaRankin, Matthew. "A Wolfe in Montcalm's clothing : an exploration into the figure of betrayal within the mythistories of Meech Lake (Québec français, 1987-1995)". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17957.
Pełny tekst źródłaBayne, Nicholas. "The grey wares of north-west Anatolia : in the middle and late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age and their relations to the early Greek settlements /". Bonn : R. Habelt, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38895535z.
Pełny tekst źródłaParveen, Bushra. "Structure et dynamique de la communauté bactérienne libre et attachée dans les écosystèmes lacustres". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22221.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe free-living bacteria point of view dominates in recent research of freshwater microbial ecology, only a few studies have focused on attached bacterial communities. In present study, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, diversity of attached and free-living bacterial community was investigated from two freshwater aquatic systems ; a mesotrophic lake Bourget and a hypereutrophic lake Villerest. The diversity of attached and free-living Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, in relation to environmental variables was investigated from lake Bourget during two contrasting periods of phytoplankton dominance. Comparison analyses showed a phylogenetic difference between attached and free-living bacterial communities of all three studied bacterial groups. The betaI, appeared as most dominant among all clades representing phylogenetic diversity of freshwater Betaproteobacteria, for both attached and free-living fractions, contributing to 57.8% of of the total retrieved opertational taxonomic units (OTUs). For Actinobacteria, the acIV cluster was detected as dominant, followed by acI accounting for 45% and 25% of the total retrieved OTUs respectively. Similarly, freshwater Verrucomicrobia cluster namely, CRE-PA29, FukuN18, CL120-10 appeared as dominant, comprising 22.3%, 16.15% and 14.61% of the total retrieved OTUs respectively. This study allowed defining 15 new putative clades representing the freshwater bacterial divesity of Betaproteobacteria (lbI-lbVIII), Actinobacteria (acLBI) and Verrucomicrobia (CRE-PA29, FukuS27, BourFI-BourFIV). In addition, 12 clusters representing the phylogenetic diversity of Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were exclusively comprised of OTUs from the attached fraction. The seasonal dynamics of environmental variables have been reflected as changes in distinct bacterial phylotypes for both attached and free-living communities. The attached bacterial communities of Actinobacteria showed affiliation with Chrysophyceae biomass and N-NO3, while attached Betaproteobacteria were affiliated with biomass of Chlorophyceae and phytoplankton richness. Similarly attached verrucomicrobial communities appeared to be mainly influenced by phytoplankton richness, rotifers abundances and inorganic nutrients (NNO3,SiO2). On the other hand, within free-living communities, few actinobacterial clades were found to be dependent on either nutrients or phytoplankton communities, whereas Betaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were mainly associated with biological parameters (i.e. phytoplankton and copepods communities). In another study during a cyanobacterial (Microcystis sp.) bloom from lake Villerest, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were detected as prevalent taxa among the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, however, Verrucomicrobia and Deinococcus-Thermus appeared as comparatively less abundant bacterial groups in both fractions. Whereas, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes and Op11 were appeared as minor phyla in clone libraries of attached and free-living bacterial communities. For attached bacterial communities Betaproteobacteria (n=118) appeared as most dominant group, followed by Gammaproteobacteria (n=74) and Bacteroidetes (n=52). The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences obtained for the clone library from free-living fraction showed that most of the OTUs belonged to Betaproteobacteria (n=192) followed in decreasing order by Bacteroidetes (n=132) and Actinobacteria (n=61) whereas Gammaproteobacteria (n=42) and Alphaproteobacteria (n=42) appeared in equal proportion in free-living 16S rRNA clone libraries. (...)
Decharneux, Julien. "Creation and Contemplation: The cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/322002.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Sciences des religions
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nao, Oumarou. "Le masque à lame chez les Moosé, les Nuna et les Bwaba : le problème de sa diffusion : étude de son milieu social et de sa géographie stylistique". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010616.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe blade mask is a wooden monoxyle object used in ritual ceremonies among a large number of people from western africa including moose, nuna and bwaba people from the present burkina faso. The study of the morphology of such a wood-carving, in addition to the analyse of its stylistic geography within the limits of the present work, clearly shows that the blade masks of the moose on one side and those of the nuna and of the bwaba on the other side do not have the same origin, because both types have been influenced at different times by groups coming from different horizons with a well-mastered style
Lawson, Cecil Bryant. "Leviathan's Rage: State Sovereignty and Crimes Against Humanity in the Late Twentieth Century". Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/13/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStoner, Joseph Stephen. "Magnetic properties and paleointensity records frome late quaternary Labrador sea sediments = Propriétés magnétiques et enregistrements de paléointensité des sédiments du quaternaire récent de la mer du Labrador /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ; Université du Québec à Montréal, 1995. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuval, Bastien. "Ecodynamics of trace metals and metalloids in Pyrenean lakes in relation to climate change and anthropogenic pressure". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3046.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe management and conservation of Pyrenean high mountain lakes within the current context of climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure require detailed knowledge of their biogeochemical functioning. In this doctoral thesis, five sampling campaigns were carried out (2017-2019) in more than 20 alpine lakes. The analysis of water samples allowed us to study the occurrence, the depth profiles, the geographical distribution and the seasonal trends of a large array of physico-chemical and biogeochemical parameters. Specifically, the cycle of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the fate of Potentially Harmful Trace Elements (PHTEs) were investigated. The mercury (Hg) was specially studied through the development of an analytical procedure for the measurement of trace concentrations in natural waters and through biogeochemical investigations on the distribution and the fate of Hg species in the water column, as well as in sediment archives.The new and robust procedure developed in this work to measure the total alkalinity (TA) and the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) allowed us to determine the other two parameters of the CO2 system, the pH and the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2). The bedrock characteristics of the watershed appear to be the most important parameters influencing the acid status of the studied lakes. Moreover, obtained fCO2 values indicate that lakes are sources of CO2 for the atmosphere.The measurement of various physico-chemical parameters allowed us to discriminate and classify the studied lakes according to their water geochemistry, highlighting the importance of the trophic status of the lakes, the geological background and the atmospheric inputs. The occurrence, sources and behaviour of the PHTEs were investigated with evidence of a contrast between geological and atmospheric inputs. Intensive monitoring revealed some PHTEs to be highly sensitive to environmental changes such as temperature and redox conditions.Monitoring natural concentrations of total Hg in aquatic systems remains a difficult challenge and there is a need for the development of low cost and easy handling analytical methods. The method for analysis of trace Hg concentrations developed and optimized in this work was successfully operational and exhibits a suitable limit of detection and an excellent reproducibility. Hg speciation results in the water column demonstrated the pristine state and the dynamic of the Pyrenean lakes. The homogeneity in the non-gaseous total Hg concentrations in the studied lakes confirmed the absence of local sources and the potential use of these ecosystems as sentinels of regional to global Hg contamination. While inorganic mercury (iHg) did not show seasonal variations, monomethylmercury(MMHg) was significantly higher in autumn 2018 and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) varied strongly within and among lakes. In-situ experiments confirmed the conditions that promote Hg methylation (stratified anoxic waters), demethylation and photoreduction (intense UV light).The historical Hg record in sediment archives highlighted temporal trends in Hg accumulation rates (HgARs) with a progressive increase since the 16th Century and the industrialization, mirroring the Hg production in Almadén mines (Southern Spain). Besides, Hg stable isotopes allow the identification of distinct anthropogenic sources as well as past climate variability.Overall, environmental changes in lake ecosystems, induced by either climatic conditions (temperature, light intensity) or anthropogenic pressure (atmospheric inputs, eutrophication, atmospheric CO2) are likely to produce significant impacts among CO2, specific PHTEs and Hg biogeochemical cycles in mountainous ecosystems
Nougrigat, Séverine. "Les éruptions à dôme de lave récentes de la Montagne Pelée (Martinique, Petites Antilles) : paramètres physico-chimiques des processus éruptifs". Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077161.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouchez, Camille. "Bilan et dynamique des intéractions rivières-lac(s)-aquifères dans le bassin hydrologique du lac Tchad : approche couplée géochimie et modélisation des transferts". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4332/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLake Chad Basin (LCB) is a 2.5 billion km2 closed drainage basin, in the center of Africa. Lake Chad enhances the climatic variations over the LCB while the multi-layers aquifer system contains large water resources. The hydro(geo)logical response of the LCB to climatic variability is studied by combining geochemical and modeling approaches. The lake Chad levels modeling, calibrated from hydrological, chemical and isotopic data, allows to disentangle evaporation from transpiration and from infiltration. Transpiration, neglected in previous studies, accounts for 15% of the total ET. From the chlorine dynamic in the LCB, a transit time of 10 yr in the upper basin, a short renewal rate of lake waters and their infiltration toward the aquifer are estimated. GCM paleoclimatic simulations over the last millennium were introduced into a rainfall-runoff model (GR2M) and the lake level model. It shows the difficulty to reconcile lake level records from paleohydrological modeling. The detection of thermonuclear 36Cl together with stable isotopic composition of groundwaters allow to draw the present-day recharge distribution in the Quaternary aquifer. Present-day recharge occurs close to surface waters in 60% of the groundwater sampled and an evaporation between 85 and 98% of waters in the surrounding of Lake Chad is estimated. Groundwaters with a contrasted geochemical signature are stored in the center of the piezometric depressions, suggesting no present-day recharge. The deep waters of the CT, with water ages of 300 000 yr, show geochemical patterns indicative of an old and humid recharge period. These original data give new insights into paleorecharge in the Sahelian band
Maingault, Sophie. "Surface-based characterization of healthy human adult cortex : An investigation of its morphological variability, late maturation and asymmetries". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0127/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaStudying the complexity of the human brain anatomy requires the characterization of multimodal and multiscale features obtained by recent in vivo neuroimaging techniques. In the present thesis, we benefited from up to date automated surface-based brain image analysis software to extract structural phenotypes of the human cerebral cortex, namely the cortical thickness, the surface area, the sulcal depth, the curvature and the intracortical myelin content. The principal aim of this work was to characterize multimodal structural variables on a large database of 450 healthy adults aged from 18 to 57 years (the BIL&GIN database) in order to describe the inter-individual variability of brain structural organization and notably the research of candidate markers for brain maturation and lateralization. We first took the example of the Heschl’s gyrus hosting the primary auditory cortex and having high variability due to the presence of different pattern of gyrus duplication coupled with strong interhemispheric differences. We showed that the partial or complete duplication of the Heschl’s gyrus was associated to loco-regional modifications in terms of cortical thickness, surface area and myelin located posteriorly to this gyrus and in the planum temporale, this two regions being implied in language processing. In a second study, we investigated the cortical structural modifications associated to late maturation (between 18 and 30 years) and cortical atrophy linked to aging. We revealed that the computation of a maturation index based on an integration of cortical thickness and intracortical myelin improved the discrimination of two different patterns of grey matter changes during these different stages of life. Finally, we characterized cortical asymmetries using a specific hemisphere surface matching which removed differences in sulcal morphology and position between both hemispheres. We highlighted regions where thickness and surface area asymmetries were concordant (leftward or rightward asymmetry for both anatomical variables) and regions of opposite asymmetries (leftward for one and rightward for the other). About 20% of regions that showed cortical thickness and surface area asymmetries presented negative correlation between these variables. It is striking that the two regions with the strongest anatomical asymmetries; the planum temporale and the superior temporal sulcus had rather positive asymmetry correlations. The planum temporale presented a leftward asymmetry of both cortical thickness and area while the superior temporal sulcus showed a right asymmetry of the two variables. This study demonstrated that there were correlations between thickness and surface area asymmetries, characteristics of the cortex organization. These areas are key sites for which it now remains to study the anatomical relevance as markers of brain lateralization and its functional correlates
Borrel, Guillaume. "Diversité des archées et implication de la composante procaryote dans le cycle biogéochimique du méthane en milieu aquatique continental : études taxonomiques et fonctionnelles dans la colonne d'eau et les sédiments anoxiques du lac Pavin". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932300.
Pełny tekst źródłaReid, Vanessa. "Ladies in the House : gender, space and the parlours of Parliament in late-nineteenth-century Canada". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ43985.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBilloin, David. "L'habitat perché et le peuplement entre Antiquité tardive et haut Moyen Âge dans le massif jurassien". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30016.
Pełny tekst źródłaHillfort and population between late antiquity and high Middle Ages in the massif of the Jura mountains Thirty years of archaeology considerably enriched knowledge of late antiquity and of high Middle Ages in the field of the habitat. But all facets of occupation are not studied yet. So, Hillforts are rediscovered after the neglect into which had plunged them a factual and pessimistic historiographic reading, showy in these sites of simple punctual shelters where would have taken refuge a frightened population by «barbaric invasions». However identified by researches pioneers of the local erudite persons since the end of the XVIIIth century, this oppida, castra and castella signalled notably in the texts of Gregory de Tour, are fast abandoned and consider then as devoid of interest. Several authors however had drawn attention to this form of occupation, as Gabriel Fournier (1962) in Auvergne and Paul-Albert Février (1978) in the South of France, but these Hillforts stayed outside all big syntheses on the habitat. Except some punctual searches, it is necessary to wait for 2000s to see being born of research plans on these full themes, the one in Mediterranean (Schneider 2001), other one in Swore it (Billoin, Gandel on 2013). These Hillforts appear since then much more many than he was imagined, revealing a general phenomenon not stationed in a southern tradition. The perchement of the habitat expresses itself with force in the variety of occupations, going of modest military posts, in various fortifications linked to the defence of network viaire, where still true stuck agglomerations endowed with built surrounding wall, with church and/or with élitaires buildings of type. The transience or the stability of some of them until Carolingian period and their importance in the woof of the population constitute so many advances and innovative problems put down by these stuck establishments which return obsolete the traditional interpretative diagramme of epiphenomenon linked to insecurity. The objective of this job is to analyse the founding elements and the modalities of establishment of these Hillforts replaced in the woof of the population between late antiquity and high Middle Ages in the massif of Jura. Between France and Switzerland, this geographical frame is large enough to receive an abundant and present material double interest to be a sector of the Gaul of the centre is still badly known, of transition between a Mediterranean socioeconomic model and a northern model, between Roman and barbaric influence
Breton, Jean. "Modélisation thermique et simulation numérique en régime variable de parois à lame d'air insole et/ou ventilée : intégration dans un code de calcul de charges thermiques de bâtiments". Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0014.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn our present work we develop detailed numerical software of the thermal behaviour of walls containing a vertical air slab and used as solar or internal gains collectors(Trombe wall, green house effect wall. . . ). The first part is devoted to a bibliographic analysis of convective behaviour of large aspect ratio cavities. In a second part we define the hypothesis and describe the numerical mode is used for each wal1 and their coupling with a detailed software of the thermal behaviour of buildings. The third part presents parametric studies of physical or technological characteristics of the walls. We use here an original criteria for the energetic performance (the Solar Gain Ratio) which enable us to show the main influence of the aeraulic and thermal couplings between the wall and the dwelling cell. Finally we propose simplified mode is which respect this last point and accept a more general description of the physical phenomena inside the walls
Flaux, Clément. "Paléo-environnements littoraux Holocène du lac Maryut, nord-ouest du delta du Nil, Egypte". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3011/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe ancient city of Alexandria was founded upon a narrow beach ridge, washed by the Maryut to the south. This Nile delta lagoon has been at the heart of the industrial and commercial economies of the city from Antiquity through to present day. Against the backdrop of this rich geoarchaeological context, the aim of this coastal geomorphology thesis is to elucidate the environmental history of the Maryut region.We have reconstructed the hydrological and geographical evolution of the lagoon during the Holocene using: (1) bio-sedimentology of radiocarbon-dated sediment archives; and (2) strontium isotopes in ostracod shells. The Maryut basin was transgressed by the sea around 7.5 ka cal. BP. Progressively, Nile inputs became dominant in the lagoon's hydrological budget, concomitant with the coastal progradation of the delta. After 5.5 ka cal. BP, our data attest to a gradual return to dominant marine conditions, which we link to a reduction in Nile flow in the context of the end of the African Humid Period. This marine lagoon seems to have been perennial until 3 ka cal. BP before Nile inflow became dominant, from the 3rd millennium BP until 0.8-0.9 ka cal. BP. The sediment archives and the historical data support an important retraction of the waterbody around 1 ka cal. BP, recorded by evaporite deposits. This was followed by a new highstand around 0.7 ka cal. BP before a retraction centred on 0.3-0.2 ka cal. BP. Since around 2000 years, this contrasting environmental history is correlated with phases of agriculture peaks and recessions and shows the increasing impact of irrigation practices on the functioning of the Maryut, located at the end of the hydrological conveyor
Young, Ruth. "Agriculture and pastoralism in the late Bronze and Iron Age, North West frontier province, Pakistan : an integrated study of the archaeological plant and animal remains from rural and urban sites, using modern ethnographic information to develop a model of economic organisation and contact /". Oxford : Archaeopress, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39071852r.
Pełny tekst źródłaHatin, Tristan. "Réponse de la productivité diatomique aux changements climatiques et océanographiques au niveau du système turbiditique du Congo au cours du dernier million d'années". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0056/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo precise the evolution of the Congo deep sea fan (western African margin, eastern tropical South Atlantic), and the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic conditions of the zone during the last million years, variations of diatom productivity have been studied on two reference cores, KZAI-02 and RZCS-26, located respectively at 240 and 800 Kms of the Congo river mouth. This study is part of the REPREZAI project, REtrogradation/PRogradation in the ZAÏre deep-sea fan. High diatom accumulation rates were registered during the mid-part of MIS 6, the cold substage MIS 5d and the MIS 3-2, sustained essentially via nutrients, including dissolved silica, injected by the Congo River into the ocean. Low diatom accumulation rates were recorded during the early and late MIS 6, the MIS 5e, the early MIS 4 and the Holocene, when the terrigenous load in surface waters prevent a strong productivity. Further offshore, a substantial dissolved silica input by the discharges of the Congo river, but also a low consumption of this nutrient upstream, are required to have a strong productivity. The intensification of oceanic upwelling conditions also favors the siliceous productivity. The increasing influence of fluvial discharges, marked by a greater abundance of brackish diatoms off the mouth, corresponds fairly well to the establishment of the axial edifice of the Congo deep sea fan around ~ 230 ka BP. Two exploratory studies were conducted in complement: The study of morphometric variability of the diatom species Fragilariopsis doliolus, that highlighted important variation of the valvar surface during the Quaternary; the study of the silica isotopes that proved to be complex, because of important mix of biogenic and lithogenic silica in the samples
Ibrahim, Maimouna. "Impacts des changements d'usage des sols sur les ressources en eau souterraine au Sahel nigérien". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20046/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn semiarid sub-Saharan Africa, the rapid population growth (~3%.yr-1) during the past few decades has resulted in land clearing and large-scale conversion from savannah and fallow to rainfed or irrigation crop fields. The traditional duration of fallow has been also shortened. In order to estimate the impact of these land use changes on groundwater recharge, the vadose zone was investigated during three years (2009-2011) for two regions located in Niger (south-west and south-east).A qualitative analysis was first carried out for identifying vadose zone properties and for characterizing the corresponding water fluxes (0-10 m depth) for the main land use types: natural savannah; fallow; rainfed millet crop; and irrigated sweet pepper crop. Grain size and electrical resistivity profiles were established and soil water content and matric potential were monitored. Based on the results of this analysis, two more detailed investigations were performed.In southwestern Niger, in order to estimate changes in diffuse recharge from a fallow with Guiera senegalensis to a rainfed millet crop (Pennisetum sp.), a physically-based modeling with Hydrus-1D code was completed. Probability density functions were first built for the soil hydraulic parameters based on the GLUE approach; then, deep drainage (0-10 m depth) was simulated for a 2 × 100 year time-period including a fallow-millet conversion. It was shown that the increase in millet crop areas could result in an increase in deep drainage from 20 to 25 mm.yr-1 after a delay of 35 to 60 years.In southeastern Niger, in order to assess the impact of rainfed and irrigated cropping development on soil and groundwater salinization, major ion concentrations in pore water of the vadose zone were measured and compared with the geochemical composition of water inputs (rainfall, irrigation). It was shown that rainfed cropping does not affect soil water and groundwater quality whereas irrigation results in an increase of solutes concentrations in soil pore water, which could lead to a groundwater salinization at mid-term through soil leaching
Du, Jun. "Estimation de l'épaisseur des coulées de lave sur la Lune et le Mercure basée sur la modélisation de la dégradation topographique de cratères d’impact". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4099.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this study, partially buried craters on the lunar maria and the northern smooth plains of Mercury were identified using recently acquired optical, elevation, and composition data, and lava flow thicknesses near partially buried craters were estimated by numerically modeling their topographic degradation. In Chapter 1, I first introduce the geologic background of the volcanic plains on the Moon and Mercury. Next, I will summarize all the methods that have been used to estimate the lava flow thicknesses on the Moon and Mercury, as well as the research progress on the crater topographic degradation. In Chapter 2, I present the remote sensing datasets used in this study. Then, the criteria used to identify partially buried craters are discussed. A lava flow thickness estimation method is later proposed based on the topographic degradation of partially buried craters. The best fitting lava flow thickness was then determined by minimizing the difference between the modeled final profile and the observed profile. In Chapter 3, in order to solve the topographic diffusion equation, the elevation profile of a fresh impact crater is constructed as the initial condition. For lunar fresh impact craters, we constructed a set of topographic profiles that consider both crater sizes and target types. For fresh impact craters on Mercury, we constructed topographic profiles that only include transitional and complex craters. As described in Chapter 4, the basalt thicknesses were inverted using 41 mare craters whose rims are completely exposed. The result shows that the estimated mare basalt thicknesses vary from 33 to 455 m, with a median value of 105 m. We then calculated the total volume and eruption rate of lunar mare basalts, and found that the estimated eruption rate of mare basalts peaked at 3.4 Ga and then decreased with time, indicating a progressive cooling of the lunar interior. We also found that the topographic diffusivity of lunar craters increases with diameter and is almost invariant with time. In Chapter 5, I present a similar result for Mercury. The lava flow thicknesses were inverted for 17 craters whose rims were exposed and embayed for more than 50% of its circumference. The result shows that the lava flow thicknesses vary from 7 to 419 m, with a median value of 218 m. We then calculated the total volume and eruption rate of the lava flows. Comparing the topographic diffusivity on the Moon with that on Mercury, it can be found that both values are similar to each other. As shown in Chapter 6, there are some remaining issues that need to be solved in the future. First, I employed a simple axisymmetric geometry when analytically solving the topographic diffusion equation and did not consider a fully three-dimensional topographic degradation process. Second, the inverted topographic diffusivities have a large range of uncertainty and are not well constrained. Third, complex craters usually have complicated formation mechanism and a variable geologic background and crater morphology, resulting in considerable variability and uncertainty in the crater morphometric relations
Wang, Yuan. "Heart rate variability and respiration signals as late onset sepsis diagnostic tools in neonatal intensive care units". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S106/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLate-onset sepsis, defined as a systemic infection in neonates older than 3 days, occurs in approximately 10% of all neonates and in more than 25% of very low birth weight infants who are hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Recurrent and severe spontaneous apneas and bradycardias (AB) is one of the major clinical early indicators of systemic infection in the premature infant. Various hematological and biochemical markers have been evaluated for this indication but they are invasive procedures that cannot be repeated several times. The objective of this Ph.D dissertation was to determine if heart rate variability (HRV), respiration and the analysis of their relationships help to the diagnosis of infection in premature infants via non-invasive ways in NICU. Therefore, we carried out Mono-Channel (MC) and Bi-Channel (BC) Analysis in two selected groups of premature infants: sepsis (S) vs. non-sepsis (NS). (1) Firstly, we studied the RR series not only by distribution methods (moy, varn, skew, kurt, med, SpAs), by linear methods: time domain (SD, RMSSD) and frequency domain (p_VLF, p_LF, p_HF), but also by non-linear methods: chaos theory (alphaS, alphaF) and information theory (AppEn, SamEn, PermEn, Regul). For each method, we attempt three sizes of window 1024/2048/4096, and then compare these methods in order to find the optimal ways to distinguish S from NS. The results show that alphaS, alphaF and SamEn are optimal parameters to recognize sepsis from the diagnosis of late neonatal infection in premature infants with unusual and recurrent AB. (2) The question about the functional coupling of HRV and nasal respiration is addressed. Linear and non-linear relationships have been explored. Linear indexes were correlation (r²), coherence function (Cohere) and time-frequency index (r2t,f), while a non-linear regression coefficient (h²) was used to analyze non-linear relationships. We calculated two directions during evaluate the index h2 of non-linear regression. Finally, from the entire analysis process, it is obvious that the three indexes (r2tf_rn_raw_0p2_0p4, h2_rn_raw and h2_nr_raw) were complementary ways to diagnosticate sepsis in a non-invasive way, in such delicate patients.(3) Furthermore, feasibility study is carried out on the candidate parameters selected from MC and BC respectively. We discovered that the proposed test based on optimal fusion of 6 features shows good performance with the largest Area Under Curves (AUC) and the least Probability of False Alarm (PFA). As a conclusion, we believe that the selected measures from MC and BC signal analysis have a good repeatability and accuracy to test for the diagnosis of sepsis via non-invasive NICU monitoring system, which can reliably confirm or refute the diagnosis of infection at an early stage
Sabbah, Norman. "Réorganisation cérébrale consécutive à la perte tardive d'une partie ou de la totalité du champ visuel et à la restitution sensorielle : approche comportementale et par IRM fonctionnelle". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066532/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCerebral plasticity processes developing from late visual deficit are not fully understood. Insights into these mechanisms could improve the rehabilitation programs, provide the patients with new sensory substitution devices, and even predict the outcome of some vision restoration treatments. A variety of combined approaches should allow to better define these mechanisms. On the one hand, we investigated the functional connectivity (FC) of the brain by a resting-state fMRI analysis, and on the other hand we carried out a behavioral study. The selected subjects (1) had lost the peripheral visual field due to a pigmentary retinopathy and therefore holding a “tunnel vision”, (2) had lost the central visual field i.e. subjects suffering from central scotoma resulting from a Stargardt macular dystrophy, (3) became lately blind, as the result of pigmentary retinopathy terminal stage and (4) potentially visually-restored by a retinal prosthesis.(A) Resting-state functional connectivity studiesStudy 1. In subjects suffering from peripheral or complete visual loss, we studied the FC of visual and language areas. We found an increased FC in Broca’s and specific visually deprived areas in both groups of patients as compared to sighted controls. Therefore, the plasticity between the visual and language systems can develop in the adult brain i.e. long after the end of a developmental sensitive period, following not only total but also partial visual deprivation. These data also contribute to the debate about the development of such plasticity in the late blind. Furthermore, they reshape the conditions of vision and language systems plasticity, which is (1) constrained to visually deafferented regions and (2) possible even in presence of a residual vision.Study 2. In subjects with converse central or peripheral visual field defects, we studied the FC of V1 subregions – onto which the central visual field (cV1) and the peripheral visual field (pV1) are projected, with the rest of the brain. The results showed an increased FC of (1) tunnel vision subjects afferented region (cV1) with regions involved in space, scene processing and multisensory integration and (2) central scotoma subjects afferented region (pV1) with regions involved in face perception. Moreover, an increased FC was observed between deafferented regions and regions involved in high-order functions and top-down mechanisms. These findings suggest that the afferented regions of V1 strengthen the connections with regions involved in deficient visual functions, whereas the sensory-deafferented V1 tunes-up preexisting high-order mechanisms to assist vision. These data bring new information about the plasticity in sub-regions of V1 that develops to process various functions, following partial visual loss.(B) Behavioural study of blind subjects fitted with a retinal prosthesis Study 3. We finally examined the adaptive behavior of subjects suffering from pigmentary retinopathy fitted with a camera-connected retinal prosthesis for 4 years. Such a device can potentially lead to dissociation between eyes and head-mounted camera; this is incompatible with physiological mechanisms of the spatial localization of visualized images, which depend on the gaze direction. This kind of dissociation is expected to alter the visuomotor coordination in subjects fitted with the considered retinal prosthesis device. We observed that misalignments between gaze and head (i.e. camera) positions occur during visual search, and could not be prevented when following vestibulo-ocular reflexes. This misalignment leads to the illusion of a visual target movement, and affects the visuo-motor coordination that was quantified in this study. After 4 years of current use of their device, the subjects develop compensatory strategies that partially solve these issues
Poulin, Chloé. "Bilans hydrologiques et étude de la recharge de 3 systèmes lac-acquifère du bassin du lac Tchad par une approche géochimique multi-traceurs (18O,2H, 36Cl, 14C)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190125_POULIN_14fps318qs354zjyd983vik_TH.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSurface water and groundwater are threatened all over the Sahel and the Sahara, because of ove- rexploitation, population growth and climate change that are limiting groundwater sustainable access. Lake Chad Basin, located in the middle of the Sahel zone, cannot avoid these problems.The aim of this work is to understand the hydrological functioning of three lake systems within the basin and the hydrogeological functioning of the associated aquifers with particular emphasis on the modern and past recharge. We have coupled information obtained from the stable isotopes of water, 36Cl and 14C.A first water budget has been calculated for the lakes Iro by coupling stables isotopes data with satellite imagery. We have calculated the influx and outflux and shown that these lakes are « open » i.e. with a surface or an underground outflux. The aquifer recharge is modern, since we observed thermonuclear 36Cl in the groundwater.The Ounianga Lakes are located in the Saharan part of the Lake Chad basin, where they form oasis systems fed by the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer. They are split into two distinct systems : Ounianga Kebir and Ounianga Serir with two different hydrologic functioning. The Serir part is a chain of lakes with an increasing salinity towards the central lake, while the lakes of the Kebir system are independent from each other. By contrast with Iro and Fitri, we did not observe thermonuclear 36Cl in these lakes and groundwaters. On the other hand, these samples do not show any evidence of radioactive decay of 36Cl as observed by previous studies in the Egyptian part of the aquifer. 14C data enabled us to estimate an age of recharge around 10 000 years ago