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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Dryland river"
1
Petts, Geoff. "Perspective: river science for dryland river regulation". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 141, nr 2 (3.07.2017): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2017.1376774.
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Burford, Michele A., Andrew J. Cook, Christine S. Fellows, Stephen R. Balcombe i Stuart E. Bunn. "Sources of carbon fuelling production in an arid floodplain river". Marine and Freshwater Research 59, nr 3 (2008): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07159.
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Dryland rivers are characterised by highly pulsed and unpredictable flow, and support a diverse biota. The present study examined the contribution of floodplain sources to the productivity of a disconnected dryland river; that is a waterhole, after a major overland flood event. Rate measures of productivity were combined with stable isotope and biomass data on the food web in the waterhole and floodplain. The present study estimated that 50% of the fish carbon in the waterhole after flooding was derived from floodplain food sources. In the few months after retraction of the river to isolated waterholes, the large biomass of fish concentrated from the flooding decreased by 80%, most likely as a result of starvation. Based on the development of a carbon budget for the waterhole, mass mortality is hypothesised to be the cause of the high rates of heterotrophic production in the waterhole. The present study suggests that floodplain inputs are important for fuelling short-term production in waterholes, but via an unconventional pathway; that is, fish mortality. The episodic nature of flooding in dryland rivers means that changes in flow regimes, such as water regulation or abstraction, will reduce flooding and hence floodplain subsidies to the river. This is likely to have significant impacts on river productivity.
3
Sandercock, P. J., J. M. Hooke i J. M. Mant. "Vegetation in dryland river channels and its interaction with fluvial processes". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 31, nr 2 (kwiecień 2007): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133307076106.
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Vegetation forms a major component of the channel environment of dryland rivers in Mediterranean Europe yet the interactions between vegetation and fluvial processes in dryland river channels have received relatively little attention. Characteristic of dryland channels is a degree of complexity and irregularity in morphology coupled with abrupt changes in patterns of riparian vegetation along their course. This is in contrast to more temperate and humid channels, which show strong downstream trends in morphology and a regularity in the distribution of vegetation across the valley floor. The general effect of vegetation in these channels appears to be to enhance the processes of sedimentation and increase resistance to erosion. However, at high stress levels vegetation may be removed. The limited work that has been undertaken indicates that there is considerable variability in the effect that vegetation has on channel processes, depending on both the magnitude of the flow and characteristics of the vegetation, such as their distribution and positioning within the channel and factors such as plant flexibility, cross-sectional area (blockage ratio), number of stems. Studies of sediment connectivity are beginning to yield new insights into the dynamics of dryland rivers, and in particular the role of vegetation in reducing the connectivity of sediment transfers downstream. Detailed surveying at monitored sites such as is being carried out within the EU-funded project RECONDES is required to study the interactions between vegetation, sediment and flow in dryland rivers of the Mediterranean region.
4
Parsons, Melissa, i Mark Southwell. "Flooding and geomorphology influence the persistence of the invasive annual herb Noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale Bertol.) in the riparian zone of the dryland Darling River, Australia". Rangeland Journal 37, nr 5 (2015): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14116.
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The relationship between flooding, and the establishment and persistence of exotic species, is not well understood in highly variable dryland rivers. Increased moisture associated with floods is likely to stimulate establishment and growth of exotic plants, but floods may also act as a stress to exotic plants if floods last for weeks to months. This study examined how physical drivers of dryland rivers – flood inundation and geomorphology – influence the persistence of Xanthium occidentale Bertol. in the dryland Darling River, Australia. The distribution of X. occidentale was associated with flood-related moisture subsidy, moderated by channel geomorphology. Dead stalks and burrs on the ground occurred above the 8-m height of the previous flood. Adult and juvenile plants occurred below 8 m corresponding to smaller flood events. Flatter geomorphic units (floodplains and benches) contained more plants and burrs, whereas steeper geomorphic units (banks) did not retain burrs, limiting plant abundance. Flooding is not a stress to X. occidentale. A glasshouse experiment showed that flood durations of up to 40 days had minimal effect on the germination, survival and growth of X. occidentale burrs, seeds or seedlings. Weed management strategies for X. occidentale in dryland rivers could be enhanced by targeting periods following flooding when moisture availability is increased on the flatter geomorphic units in the river channel.
5
Lamontagne, S., W. S. Hicks, R. W. Fitzpatrick i S. Rogers. "Sulfidic materials in dryland river wetlands". Marine and Freshwater Research 57, nr 8 (2006): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06057.
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Due to a combination of river regulation, dryland salinity and irrigation return, lower River Murray floodplains (Australia) and associated wetlands are undergoing salinisation. It was hypothesised that salinisation would provide suitable conditions for the accumulation of sulfidic materials (soils and sediments enriched in sulfides, such as pyrite) in these wetlands. A survey of nine floodplain wetlands representing a salinity gradient from fresh to hypersaline determined that surface sediment sulfide concentrations varied from <0.05% to ~1%. Saline and permanently flooded wetlands tended to have greater sulfide concentrations than freshwater ones or those with more regular wetting–drying regimes. The acidification risk associated with the sulfidic materials was evaluated using field peroxide oxidations tests and laboratory measurements of net acid generation potential. Although sulfide concentration was elevated in many wetlands, the acidification risk was low because of elevated carbonate concentration (up to 30% as CaCO3) in the sediments. One exception was Bottle Bend Lagoon (New South Wales), which had acidified during a draw-down event in 2002 and was found to have both actual and potential acid sulfate soils at the time of the survey (2003). Potential acid sulfate soils also occurred locally in the hypersaline Loveday Disposal Basin. The other environmental risks associated with sulfidic materials could not be reliably evaluated because no guideline exists to assess them. These include the deoxygenation risk following sediment resuspension and the generation of foul odours during drying events. The remediation of wetland salinity in the Murray–Darling Basin will require that the risks associated with disturbing sulfidic materials during management actions be evaluated.
6
Walker, K. F., F. Sheldon i J. T. Puckridge. "A perspective on dryland river ecosystems". Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 11, nr 1 (wrzesień 1995): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450110108.
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Costa, A. C., A. Bronstert i J. C. de Araújo. "A channel transmission losses model for different dryland rivers". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, nr 4 (3.04.2012): 1111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1111-2012.
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Abstract. Channel transmission losses in drylands take place normally in extensive alluvial channels or streambeds underlain by fractured rocks. They can play an important role in streamflow rates, groundwater recharge, freshwater supply and channel-associated ecosystems. We aim to develop a process-oriented, semi-distributed channel transmission losses model, using process formulations which are suitable for data-scarce dryland environments and applicable to both hydraulically disconnected losing streams and hydraulically connected losing(/gaining) streams. This approach should be able to cover a large variation in climate and hydro-geologic controls, which are typically found in dryland regions of the Earth. Our model was first evaluated for a losing/gaining, hydraulically connected 30 km reach of the Middle Jaguaribe River (MJR), Ceará, Brazil, which drains a catchment area of 20 000 km2. Secondly, we applied it to a small losing, hydraulically disconnected 1.5 km channel reach in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW), Arizona, USA. The model was able to predict reliably the streamflow volume and peak for both case studies without using any parameter calibration procedure. We have shown that the evaluation of the hypotheses on the dominant hydrological processes was fundamental for reducing structural model uncertainties and improving the streamflow prediction. For instance, in the case of the large river reach (MJR), it was shown that both lateral stream-aquifer water fluxes and groundwater flow in the underlying alluvium parallel to the river course are necessary to predict streamflow volume and channel transmission losses, the former process being more relevant than the latter. Regarding model uncertainty, it was shown that the approaches, which were applied for the unsaturated zone processes (highly nonlinear with elaborate numerical solutions), are much more sensitive to parameter variability than those approaches which were used for the saturated zone (mathematically simple water budgeting in aquifer columns, including backwater effects). In case of the MJR-application, we have seen that structural uncertainties due to the limited knowledge of the subsurface saturated system interactions (i.e. groundwater coupling with channel water; possible groundwater flow parallel to the river) were more relevant than those related to the subsurface parameter variability. In case of the WEGW application we have seen that the non-linearity involved in the unsaturated flow processes in disconnected dryland river systems (controlled by the unsaturated zone) generally contain far more model uncertainties than do connected systems controlled by the saturated flow. Therefore, the degree of aridity of a dryland river may be an indicator of potential model uncertainty and subsequent attainable predictability of the system.
8
Balcombe, Stephen R., Angela H. Arthington, Neal D. Foster, Martin C. Thoms, Glenn G. Wilson i Stuart E. Bunn. "Fish assemblages of an Australian dryland river: abundance, assemblage structure and recruitment patterns in the Warrego River, Murray - Darling Basin". Marine and Freshwater Research 57, nr 6 (2006): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06025.
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Fish in dryland rivers must cope with extreme variability in hydrology, temperature and other environmental factors that ultimately have a major influence on their patterns of distribution and abundance at the landscape scale. Given that fish persist in these systems under conditions of high environmental variability, dryland rivers represent ideal systems to investigate the processes contributing to and sustaining fish biodiversity and recruitment in variable environments. Hence, spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure was examined in 15 waterholes of the Warrego River between October 2001 and May 2003. Fish assemblages in isolated waterholes were differentiated at the end of the dry 2001 winter but were relatively similar following high summer flows in January 2002 as a consequence of high hydrological connectivity among waterholes. Small, shallow waterholes supported more species and higher abundances than large-deep waterholes. Large, deep waterholes provided important refuge for large-bodied fish species such as adult yellowbelly, Macquaria ambigua, and the eel-tailed catfish, Tandanus tandanus. Recruitment patterns of bony bream (Nematalosa erebi), Hyrtl’s tandan (Neosilurus hyrtlii) and yellowbelly were associated with high flow events and backwater inundation; however recruitment of yellowbelly and bony bream was also evident following a zero-flow period. Departures from typical flood-induced seasonal spawning patterns may reflect opportunistic spawning behaviours appropriate to the erratic patterns of flooding and dry spells in dryland rivers.
9
Fellows, C. S., M. L. Wos, P. C. Pollard i S. E. Bunn. "Ecosystem metabolism in a dryland river waterhole". Marine and Freshwater Research 58, nr 3 (2007): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06142.
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Little is known about ecosystem processes in dryland rivers, despite the global distribution of these systems. Those in Australia are characterised by long periods of no flow in which they persist for many months as series of isolated, often turbid, waterholes. We assessed benthic and pelagic primary production, respiration, and bacterial production in one of these waterholes to determine the metabolic balance of the waterhole and resolve the relative importance of autochthonous and allochthonous sources of organic carbon. Despite a photic zone depth of only 0.25 m, three lines of evidence suggested that autochthonous sources of organic carbon were important for fuelling bacterial production under no-flow conditions: the metabolic balance of the waterhole was not indicative of large allochthonous inputs; rates of gross primary production were great enough to meet a substantial fraction of estimated bacterial carbon demand; and pathways for allochthonous carbon to enter the waterhole were limited. These results suggest that models of lake metabolism based on temperate ecosystems can be expanded to include dryland river waterholes, which group with eutrophic lakes owing to their high levels of inorganic nutrients, low allochthonous inputs and autotrophic metabolic balance.
10
Wan, Wenhua, Hang Zheng, Yueyi Liu, Jianshi Zhao, Yingqi Fan i Hongbo Fan. "Ecological Compensation Mechanism in a Trans-Provincial River Basin: A Hydrological/Water-Quality Modeling-Based Analysis". Water 14, nr 16 (18.08.2022): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162542.
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Ecological compensation is an important economic means of water pollution control and quality management, especially for trans-regional rivers with unbalanced economic and social development between upstream and downstream. The Tangbai River Basin (TRB), a watershed crossing Henan province and Hubei province, China, forms one of the nation’s most productive agricultural regions. The TRB has been exposed to high doses of fertilizers for a long time. This study simulates hydrologic and nutrient cycling in the TRB using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with limited data available. The results indicate that dryland fields, which constitute 62% of the basin area, produce 80% of total nitrogen (TN) and 85% of total phosphorus (TP) yields of the whole river basin. The water quality of river sections at the provincial boundary shows that only 29% of the time from 2000 to 2019 met the Class III standard regarding TN and TP concentrations, and the concentrations in the spring flood season are approximately three times the mean in the non-flood season. The Grain for Green ecological restoration measure in Henan province shows that restoration of non-flat drylands can reduce nutrient loads at trans-provincial sections by 3.5 times compared to that of slope-independent drylands; however, the water quality compliance rate remains similar. The value of ecological compensation can also vary widely depending on different quantitative criteria. The SWAT-based pollutant quantification method adopted in this study could have implications for ecological compensation in trans-regional rivers.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Dryland river"
1
Carver, Scott Stevenson. "Dryland salinity, mosquitoes, mammals and the ecology of Ross River virus". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0100.
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[Truncated abstract] In an era of emerging and resurging infectious diseases, understanding the ecological processes that influence pathogen activity and the influences of anthropogenic change to those are critical. Ross River virus (RRV, Togoviridae: Alphavirus) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis occurring in Australia with a significant human disease burden. In the southwest of Western Australia (WA) RRV is principally vectored by Aedes camptorhynchus Thomson (Diptera: Culicidae), which is halophilic. The inland southwest, the Wheatbelt region, of WA is substantially affected by an anthropogenic salinisation of agricultural land called dryland salinity, which threatens to influence transmission of this arbovirus. This study assessed the ecological impacts of dryland salinity on mosquitoes, mammalian hosts and their interactions to influence the potential for RRV transmission. Many aquatic insect taxa colonise ephemeral water bodies directly as adults or by oviposition. Using a manipulative experiment and sampling from ephemeral water bodies in the Wheatbelt, I demonstrated that salinity of water bodies can modify colonisation behaviour and the distribution of some organisms across the landscape. Halosensitive fauna selected less saline mesocosms for oviposition and colonisation. In particular, Culex australicus Dobrotworksy and Drummond and Anopheles annulipes Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), potential competitors with Ae. camptorhynchus, avoided ovipostion in saline mesocosms and water bodies in the field. This finding suggests salinity influences behaviour and may reduce interspecific interactions between these taxa and Ae. camptorhynchus at higher salinities. Using extensive field surveys of ephemeral water bodies in the Wheatbelt I found mosquitoes frequently colonised ephemeral water bodies, responded positively to rainfall, and populated smaller water bodies more densely than larger water bodies. The habitat characteristics of ephemeral water bodies changed in association with salinity. Consequently there were both direct and indirect associations between salinity and colonising mosquitoes. Ultimately the structure of mosquito assemblages changed with increasing salinity, favouring an increased regional distribution and abundance of Ae. camptorhynchus. The direct implication of this result is secondary salinisation has enhanced the vectorial potential for RRV transmission in the WA Wheatbelt. ... This thesis contributes to an emerging body of research aimed at delineating important ecological processes which determine transmission of infections disease. Collectively the findings in this study suggest dryland salinity enhances the potential for RRV activity in the Wheatbelt. Currently, human RRV notifications in the Wheatbelt do not reflect the salinity-RRV transmission potential in that area, but appear to be associated with dispersal of RRV from the enzootic coastal zone of southwest WA. I speculate dryland salinity is a determinant of potential for RRV transmission, but not activity. Dryland salinity is predicted to undergo a two to four fold expansion by 2050, which will increase the regional potential for RRV activity. Preservation and restoration of freshwater ecosystems may ameliorate the potential for transmission of RRV and, possibly, human disease incidence.
2
Sheldon, Fran. "Littoral ecology of a regulated dryland river (River Murray, South Australia), with reference to the gastropoda /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5441.pdf.
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Boys, Craig Ashley, i n/a. "Fish-Habitat Associations in a Large Dryland River of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070807.112943.
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Many aspects concerning the association of riverine fish with in-channel habitat remain
poorly understood, greatly hindering the ability of researchers and managers to address
declines in fish assemblages. Recent insights gained from landscape ecology suggest
that small, uni-scalar approaches are unlikely to effectively determine those factors that
influence riverine structure and function and mediate fish-habitat associations. There
appears to be merit in using multiple-scale designs built upon a geomorphologically-derived
hierarchy to bridge small, intermediate and large spatial scales in large rivers.
This thesis employs a hierarchical design encompassing functional process zones
(referred to hereafter as zones), reaches and mesohabitats to investigate fish-habitat
associations as well as explore patterns of in-channel habitat structure in one of
Australia's largest dryland river systems; the Barwon-Darling River.
In this thesis, empirical evidence is presented showing that large dryland rivers are
inherently complex in structure and different facets of existing conceptual models of
landscape ecology must be refined when applied to these systems. In-channel habitat
and fish exist within a hierarchical arrangement of spatial scales in the riverscape,
displaying properties of discontinuities, longitudinal patterns and patch mosaics. During
low flows that predominate for the majority of time in the Barwon-Darling River there
is a significant difference in fish assemblage composition among mesohabitats. There is
a strong association between large wood and golden perch, Murray cod and carp, but
only a weak association with bony herring. Golden perch and Murray cod are large
wood specialists, whereas carp are more general in there use of mesohabitats. Bony
herring are strongly associated with smooth and irregular banks but are ubiquitous in
most mesohabitats. Open water (mid-channel and deep pool) mesohabitats are
characterised by relatively low abundances of all species and a particularly weak
association with golden perch, Murray cod and carp. Murray cod are weakly associated
with matted bank, whereas carp and bony herring associate with this mesohabitat patch
in low abundance.
Nocturnal sampling provided useful information on size-related use of habitat that was
not evident from day sampling. Both bony herring and carp exhibited a variety of
habitat use patterns throughout the die1 period and throughout their lifetime, with
temporal partitioning of habitat use by juvenile bony herring and carp evident. Much of
the strong association between bony herring and smooth and irregular banks was due to
the abundance of juveniles (<100mm in length) in these mesohabitats. Adult bony
herring (>100mm length) occupied large wood more than smooth and irregular banks.
At night, juvenile bony herring were not captured, suggesting the use of deeper water
habitats. Adult bony herring were captured at night and occupjed large wood, smooth
bank and irregular bank. Juvenile carp (<200mm length) were more abundant at night
and aggregated in smooth and irregular banks more than any other mesohabitat patch.
Adult carp (>200mm length) occupied large wood during both day and night.
There is a downstream pattern of change in the fish assemblage among river zones, with
reaches in Zone 2 containing a larger proportion of introduced species (carp and
goldfish) because of a significantly lower abundance of native species (bony herring,
golden perch and Murray cod) than all other zones. In comparison, the fish assemblage
of Zone 3 was characterised by a comparatively higher abundance of the native species
bony herring, golden perch and Murray cod. A significant proportion of the amongreach
variability in fish assemblage composition was explained at the zone scale,
suggesting that geomorphological influences may impose some degree of top-down
constraint over fish assemblage distribution. Although mesohabitat composition among
reaches in the Barwon-Darling River also changed throughout the study area, this
pattern explained very little of the large-scale distribution of the fish assemblage, with
most of the variability in assemblage distribution remaining unexplained. Therefore,
although mesohabitat patches strongly influence the distribution of species within
reaches, they explain very little of assemblage composition at intermediate zone and
larger river scales. These findings suggest that small scale mesohabitat rehabilitation
projects within reaches are unlikely to produce measurable benefits for the fish
assemblage over intermediate and large spatial scales in the Barwon-Darling River. This
indicates the importance taking a holistic approach to river rehabilitation that correctly
identifies and targets limiting processes at the correct scales.
The variable nature of flow-pulse dynamics in the Barwon-Darling River creates a
shifting habitat mosaic that serves to maintain an ever-changing arrangement of habitat
patches. The inundation dynamics of large wood habitat described in this thesis
highlights the fragmented nature of mesohabitat patches, with the largest proportion of
total in-channel large wood remaining unavailable to fish for the majority of the time.
At low flows there is a mosaic of large wood habitat and with increasing discharge more
potential large wood habitat becomes available and does so in a complex spatial
manner. What results in this dryland river is a dynamic pattern of spatio-temporal
patchiness in large wood habitat availability that is seen both longitudinally among
different river zones and vertically among different heights in the river channel. Water
resource development impacts on this shifting habitat mosaic.
Projects undertaking both fish habitat assessment and rehabilitation need to carefully
consider spatial scale since the drivers of fish assemblage structure can occur at scales
well beyond that of the reach. Fish-habitat associations occurring at small spatial scales
can become decoupled by process occurring across large spatial scales, making
responses in the fish assemblage hard to predict. As rivers become increasingly
channelised, there is an urgent need to apply research such as that conducted in this
thesis to better understand the role that in-channel habitats play in supporting fish and
other ecosystem processes. Habitat rehabilitation projects need to be refined to consider
the appropriate scales at which fish assemblages associate with habitat. Failure to do so
risks wasting resources and forgoes valuable opportunities for addressing declines in
native fish populations. Adopting multi-scalar approaches to understanding ecological
processes in aquatic ecosystems, as developed in this thesis, should be a priority of
research and management. To do so will enable more effective determination of those
factors that influence riverine structure and function at the approariate scale.
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Medeiros, Elvio S. F., i n/a. "Trophic Ecology and Energy Sources for Fish on the Floodplain of a Regulated Dryland River: Macintyre River, Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051115.174552.
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Drylands occupy about one-third of the world's land surface area and rivers in these regions have less predictable flow regimes than those in humid tropical and temperate regions. Australia's dryland river-floodplain systems cycle through recurrent periods of floods and droughts, oflen resulting in extreme hydrological variability. As a result, these systems have been described as having a 'boom and boost' ecology with periods of high productivity associated with flooding. Not surprisingly, flow and its variability have been recognised as major driving forces in the ecological functioning of Australian rivers and responses to flow variability from fish and aquatic invertebrates have been reasonably well described. Furthermore, the reduced amount of water reaching floodplain waterbodies due to river regulation has been held responsible for successional changes in aquatic biota and, consequently, the resources available for both fish and invertebrates. However, information regarding the impacts of water resource development has generally focused on within-channel processes of Australian rivers, not on floodplains, which are arguably more affected by water development. The following dissertation is concerned with how different types of natural and modified floodplain lagoons are able to trophically support their fish communities in the floodplain of the Macintyre River, Border Rivers catchment (QLD/NSW), a regulated dryland river. This study focuses on the influence of flooding and the implications of an extended dry period, and different levels of flow regulation, on the feeding ecology of selected fish species (Ambassis agassizil, Lelopotherapon unicolor and Nematalosa erebi) between 2001 and 2003. Food resources consumed by fish are hypothesised to vary in response to flooding, when inundation of isolated lagoons and vast floodplain areas can result in a burst of primary and secondary productivity. Given the permanently elevated water levels of some regulated floodplain lagoons, fish diets are hypothesised to be less variable in these floodplain habitats in comparison to diets of fish from floodplain lagoons with natural flow and water regime. Feeding ecology is examined firstly, in terms of diet composition of selected fish species, using stomach content analysis, and secondly, in relation to possible energy sources sustaining fish (using stable isotope analysis) in selected floodplain lagoons and a site in the main channel of the Macintyre River. The information produced should allow managers to take variations in food resources, food web structure and dietary ecology into account in management regimes for refugia and dryland systems in general. Factors such as diel and ontogenetic variations in dietary composition and food intake by fish are shown to considerably affect ovemll dietary patterns of each study species. Therefore, it is important to understand the contributions of such factors to the variability of fish dietary patterns before performing studies on resource use by fish in floodplain habitats of the Macintyre River. Major food categories consumed by the study species were zooplankton, aquatic invertebrates and detrital material. Zooplankton was of particular importance as this food item was ingested by all three study species at some stage of their life history. Spatial and temporal variation in diet composition of the study species was mostly associated with changes in prey items available across floodplain habitats and between seasons (summer/winter). The low magnitude of flooding events during the study period is arguably the most likely factor influencing the lack of patterns of variation in fish diets in floodplain habitats subject to flooding, whereas in non-flooded lagoons the observed dietary variation was a consequence of successional changes in composition of the aquatic fauna as the dry season progressed. Water regime had an important effect on differences in fish diet composition across lagoons, but further evaluation of the influence of flooding is needed due to overall lack of major flooding events during the study period. Autochthonous resources, namely plankton, were the basis of the food web and phytoplankton in the seston is the most likely ultimate energy source for fish consumers, via planktonic suspension feeders (zooplankton). Nevertheless, organic mailer could not be disregarded as an important energy source for invertebrates and higher consumers. In general, the present study does not provide support for the major models predicting the ftinctioning of large rivers, such as the River Continuum Concept and Flood Pulse Concept, which argue that allochthonous organic matter either from upstream or from the floodplain are the most important sources of carbon supporting higher consumers. In contrast, the Riverine Productivity Model would be more appropriate to describe the food web and energy sources for consumers in the Macintyre River floodplain as this model suggests that local productivity, based on autochthonous phytoplankton and organic matter, ftiels food webs in large rivers. The results of this study suggest that factors known to affect phytoplankton production in floodplain lagoons (e.g. flow regulation, turbidity and nutrient/herbicide inputs) must be seriously considered in current landscape and water management practices.
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Medeiros, Elvio S. F. "Trophic Ecology and Energy Sources for Fish on the Floodplain of a Regulated Dryland River: Macintyre River, Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365765.
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Drylands occupy about one-third of the world's land surface area and rivers in these regions have less predictable flow regimes than those in humid tropical and temperate regions. Australia's dryland river-floodplain systems cycle through recurrent periods of floods and droughts, oflen resulting in extreme hydrological variability. As a result, these systems have been described as having a 'boom and boost' ecology with periods of high productivity associated with flooding. Not surprisingly, flow and its variability have been recognised as major driving forces in the ecological functioning of Australian rivers and responses to flow variability from fish and aquatic invertebrates have been reasonably well described. Furthermore, the reduced amount of water reaching floodplain waterbodies due to river regulation has been held responsible for successional changes in aquatic biota and, consequently, the resources available for both fish and invertebrates. However, information regarding the impacts of water resource development has generally focused on within-channel processes of Australian rivers, not on floodplains, which are arguably more affected by water development. The following dissertation is concerned with how different types of natural and modified floodplain lagoons are able to trophically support their fish communities in the floodplain of the Macintyre River, Border Rivers catchment (QLD/NSW), a regulated dryland river. This study focuses on the influence of flooding and the implications of an extended dry period, and different levels of flow regulation, on the feeding ecology of selected fish species (Ambassis agassizil, Lelopotherapon unicolor and Nematalosa erebi) between 2001 and 2003. Food resources consumed by fish are hypothesised to vary in response to flooding, when inundation of isolated lagoons and vast floodplain areas can result in a burst of primary and secondary productivity. Given the permanently elevated water levels of some regulated floodplain lagoons, fish diets are hypothesised to be less variable in these floodplain habitats in comparison to diets of fish from floodplain lagoons with natural flow and water regime. Feeding ecology is examined firstly, in terms of diet composition of selected fish species, using stomach content analysis, and secondly, in relation to possible energy sources sustaining fish (using stable isotope analysis) in selected floodplain lagoons and a site in the main channel of the Macintyre River. The information produced should allow managers to take variations in food resources, food web structure and dietary ecology into account in management regimes for refugia and dryland systems in general. Factors such as diel and ontogenetic variations in dietary composition and food intake by fish are shown to considerably affect ovemll dietary patterns of each study species. Therefore, it is important to understand the contributions of such factors to the variability of fish dietary patterns before performing studies on resource use by fish in floodplain habitats of the Macintyre River. Major food categories consumed by the study species were zooplankton, aquatic invertebrates and detrital material. Zooplankton was of particular importance as this food item was ingested by all three study species at some stage of their life history. Spatial and temporal variation in diet composition of the study species was mostly associated with changes in prey items available across floodplain habitats and between seasons (summer/winter). The low magnitude of flooding events during the study period is arguably the most likely factor influencing the lack of patterns of variation in fish diets in floodplain habitats subject to flooding, whereas in non-flooded lagoons the observed dietary variation was a consequence of successional changes in composition of the aquatic fauna as the dry season progressed. Water regime had an important effect on differences in fish diet composition across lagoons, but further evaluation of the influence of flooding is needed due to overall lack of major flooding events during the study period. Autochthonous resources, namely plankton, were the basis of the food web and phytoplankton in the seston is the most likely ultimate energy source for fish consumers, via planktonic suspension feeders (zooplankton). Nevertheless, organic mailer could not be disregarded as an important energy source for invertebrates and higher consumers. In general, the present study does not provide support for the major models predicting the ftinctioning of large rivers, such as the River Continuum Concept and Flood Pulse Concept, which argue that allochthonous organic matter either from upstream or from the floodplain are the most important sources of carbon supporting higher consumers. In contrast, the Riverine Productivity Model would be more appropriate to describe the food web and energy sources for consumers in the Macintyre River floodplain as this model suggests that local productivity, based on autochthonous phytoplankton and organic matter, ftiels food webs in large rivers. The results of this study suggest that factors known to affect phytoplankton production in floodplain lagoons (e.g. flow regulation, turbidity and nutrient/herbicide inputs) must be seriously considered in current landscape and water management practices.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Australian Environmental Studies
Full Text
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McGinness, Heather M., i n/a. "SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY AND HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY IN A DRYLAND, ANABRANCHING FLOODPLAIN RIVER SYSTEM". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070731.094606.
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Riverine landscapes are complex. More than just a single channel, they comprise a
shifting mosaic of hydrogeomorphic patches with varying physical and biological
characteristics. These patches are connected by water during flows of varying magnitude
and frequency, at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Combined, landscape
complexity and hydrological connectivity create biological diversity that in turn
maintains the productivity, ecological function, and resilience of these systems. This
thesis investigates the ecological importance of spatial heterogeneity and temporal
hydrological connectivity in a dryland floodplain river landscape. It focuses on
anabranch channels, and uses major carbon sources in these and adjacent landscape
patches as indicators of ecological pattern and process.
A conceptual model was proposed, describing the potential effects upon the distribution
and availability of major carbon sources of: a) a spatial mosaic of hydrogeomorphic
patches in the landscape (e.g. anabranches, river channel, and wider floodplain); and b)
four primary temporal phases of hydrological connection during flow pulses
(disconnection, partial connection, complete connection, and draining). This was then
tested by data collected over a three year period from a 16 km reach of the lower
Macintyre River (NSW/QLD Australia). Results were examined at multiple spatial
scales (patch scale � river channel vs. anabranches vs. floodplain; between individual
anabranches; and within anabranches � entry, middle and exit sites).
The data indicate that spatial heterogeneity in the lower Macintyre River landscape
significantly influences ecological pattern. Carbon quantity was greater in anabranch
channels compared to adjacent river channel patches, but not compared to the floodplain;
while carbon quality was greater in anabranch channels compared to both adjacent river
channel and floodplain patches. Stable isotope analysis indicated that carbon sources that
were predominantly found in anabranch channels supported both anabranch and river
organisms during a winter disconnection phase. Other carbon sources found in the main
river channel and the wider floodplain appeared to play a comparatively minimal role in
the food web.
Different phases of hydrological connection between anabranch channels and the main
river channel were associated with differences in the availability of carbon sources. In the
river channel, draining of water from anabranches (the draining phase) was associated
with relatively high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and low
concentrations of phytoplankton. Conversely, the disconnection phase was associated
with relatively low concentrations of DOC and high concentrations of phytoplankton in
the river channel. In anabranch channels and their waterbodies, the disconnection and
draining phases were associated with high concentrations of both DOC and
phytoplankton. Concentrations of these carbon sources were lowest in anabranches
during the partial and complete connection phases.
Different hydrological connection phases were also associated with changes in trophic
status in the aquatic components of the landscape. On the riverbanks, relatively low rates
of benthic production and respiration during the complete connection phase were
associated with heterotrophy. The remaining phases appeared to be autotrophic. Benthic
production on riverbanks was greatest during the disconnection phase, and respiration
was greatest during the partial connection phase. In the anabranch channels, rates of
production and respiration were similar during the disconnection phase, and were
associated with heterotrophy in the anabranch waterbodies. The remaining phases
appeared to be autotrophic. Respiration was greatest in anabranches during the
disconnection phase, and production was greatest during the draining phase. Both
production and respiration were lowest during complete connection. These differences
and changes varied according to the landscape patch examined.
At a landscape scale, anabranch channels act as both sinks and suppliers of carbon. High
rates of sediment deposition facilitate their role as sinks for sediment-associated carbon
and other particulate, refractory carbon sources. Simultaneously, anabranch channels
supply aquatic carbon sources from their waterbodies, as well as via processes such as
inundation-stimulated release of DOC from surface sediments. Modelled data indicated
that water resource development reduces the frequency and duration of connection
between anabranch channels and the main river channel. This loss of landscape
complexity via loss of connectivity with anabranches has the potential to reduce the total
availability of carbon sources to the ecosystem, as demonstrated by a modelled 13%
reduction in potential dissolved organic carbon release from anabranch sediments.
This thesis has demonstrated the importance of spatial heterogeneity in riverine
landscapes, by documenting its association with variability in the distribution and quality
of primary energy sources for the ecosystem. It has shown that this variability is
augmented by different phases of hydrological connectivity over time. Spatial
heterogeneity and hydrological connectivity interact to increase the diversity and
availability of ecological energy sources across the riverine landscape, at multiple spatial
and temporal scales. This has positive implications for the resilience and sustainability of
the system. Anabranch channels are particularly important facilitators of these effects in
this dryland floodplain river system. Anabranch channels are �intermediate� in terms of
spatial placement, temporal hydrological connection, and availability of carbon sources;
of high value in terms of high-quality carbon sources; and relatively easy to target for
management because of their defined commence-to-flow levels. Further research should
be directed toward evaluating other ecological roles of anabranch channels in dryland
rivers, thereby providing a more complete understanding of the importance of
connectivity between these features and other patches. This knowledge would assist
management of floodplain river landscapes at larger regional scales, including
amelioration of the effects of water resource development.
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Medeiros, Elvio S. F. "Trophic ecology and energy sources for fish on the floodplain of a regulated dryland river Macintyre River, Australia /". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051115.174552/.
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Carini, Giovannella, i n/a. "Effects of Contemporary and Historical Processes on Population Genetic Structure of Two Freshwater Species in Dryland River Systems (Western Queensland, Australia)". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050113.081250.
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Arid and semiarid river systems in Western Queensland, Australia, are characterized by the unpredictable and highly variable nature of their hydrological regimes as a result of the episodic nature of rain events in the region. These dryland rivers typically experience episodic floods and extremely low or no flow periods. During low or no flow periods, water persists only in relatively wide and deep sections of the river channels, which are called 'waterholes'. These isolated waterholes serve as refugia for aquatic species during protracted intervals between floods. In such discontinuous riverine habitat, dispersal of freshwater species may be achieved only during wet seasons, when water is flowing in rivers and the nearby floodplains. Obligate aquatic species occur in habitats that represent discrete sites surrounded by inhospitable terrestrial landscapes. Thus, movements are very much limited by the physical nature and arrangement of the riverine system. In addition, the distribution of a species may be also largely dependent on historical events. Landscape and river courses continually change over geological time, often leaving distinct phylogenetic 'signatures', useful in reconciling species' biology with population connectivity and earth history. The main aim of this study was to resolve the relative importance of contemporary and historical processes in structuring populations of two freshwater species in Western Queensland river systems. To address this aim, a comparative approach was taken in analysing patterns of genetic variation of two freshwater invertebrates: a snail (Notopala sublineata) and a prawn (Macrobrachium australiense). Mitochondrial sequences were used for both the species. In addition, allozyme and microsatellites markers were employed for N. sublineata. These species have similar distributions in Western Queensland region, although N. sublineata appears to be extinct in some catchments. M. australiense is thought to have good dispersal abilities due to a planktonic larval phase in its life cycle and good swimming capabilities, whereas N. sublineata is thought to have limited dispersal abilities, because of its benthic behaviour and because this species is viviparous. It was hypothesised that these freshwater invertebrates, would display high levels of genetic structure in populations, because physical barriers represented by terrestrial inhospitable habitat, are likely to impede gene flow between populations inhabiting isolated river pools. Genetic data for the two species targeted in this study supported this hypothesis, indicating strong population subdivision at all spatial scales investigated (i.e. between and within catchments). This suggests that contemporary dispersal between isolated waterholes is relatively restricted, despite the potential good dispersal abilities of one of the species. It was hypothesised that levels of gene flow between populations of aquatic species were higher during the Quaternary (likely movements of individuals across catchment boundaries) and that they have been isolated relatively recently. There is evidence that historically gene flow was occurring between populations, suggesting that episodic dispersal across catchment boundaries was likelier in the past. Episodic historical movements of aquatic fauna were facilitated by higher patterns of river connectivity as a result of the climate changes of the Pleistocene. Because the two species targeted in this study exhibit analogous spatial patterns of evolutionary subdivision it is likely that they have a shared biogeographic history. The unpredictable flow regime of rivers in Western Queensland is likely to have considerable effects on the genetic diversity of aquatic populations. First, if populations of obligate freshwater organisms inhabiting less persistent waterholes are more likely to experience periodic bottlenecks than those inhabiting more persistent ones, they would be expected to have lower levels of genetic diversity. Second, if populations inhabiting less persistent waterholes periodically undergo local extinction with subsequent recolonisation, there should be higher levels of genetic differentiation among them, due to the founder effects, than among those populations inhabiting more persistent waterholes. Contrary to the first prediction, the observed levels of genetic diversity in both N. sublineata and M. australiense were high in both more persistent and less persistent waterholes. There was no tendency for genetic diversity to be lower in less persistent than in more persistent waterholes. However, when Cooper waterholes were ranked in order of persistence, positive correlation between water persistence time in waterholes and genetic diversity was detected in N. sublineata but not in M. australiense. Contrary to the second prediction, highly significant genetic differentiation was found among populations from both less persistent and more persistent waterholes. This indicates that not only populations from less persistent but also those from more persistent waterholes were very dissimilar genetically. This study demonstrated the importance of both contemporary and historical processes in shaping the population structure of obligate freshwater species in Western Queensland river systems. It has indicated that contemporary movements of freshwater species generally are extremely limited across the region, whereas episodic dispersal across catchment boundaries was possible during the Pleistocene, due to different patterns of river connectivity.
9
Carini, Giovannella. "Effects of Contemporary and Historical Processes on Population Genetic Structure of Two Freshwater Species in Dryland River Systems (Western Queensland, Australia)". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367070.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Arid and semiarid river systems in Western Queensland, Australia, are characterized by the unpredictable and highly variable nature of their hydrological regimes as a result of the episodic nature of rain events in the region. These dryland rivers typically experience episodic floods and extremely low or no flow periods. During low or no flow periods, water persists only in relatively wide and deep sections of the river channels, which are called 'waterholes'. These isolated waterholes serve as refugia for aquatic species during protracted intervals between floods. In such discontinuous riverine habitat, dispersal of freshwater species may be achieved only during wet seasons, when water is flowing in rivers and the nearby floodplains. Obligate aquatic species occur in habitats that represent discrete sites surrounded by inhospitable terrestrial landscapes. Thus, movements are very much limited by the physical nature and arrangement of the riverine system. In addition, the distribution of a species may be also largely dependent on historical events. Landscape and river courses continually change over geological time, often leaving distinct phylogenetic 'signatures', useful in reconciling species' biology with population connectivity and earth history. The main aim of this study was to resolve the relative importance of contemporary and historical processes in structuring populations of two freshwater species in Western Queensland river systems. To address this aim, a comparative approach was taken in analysing patterns of genetic variation of two freshwater invertebrates: a snail (Notopala sublineata) and a prawn (Macrobrachium australiense). Mitochondrial sequences were used for both the species. In addition, allozyme and microsatellites markers were employed for N. sublineata. These species have similar distributions in Western Queensland region, although N. sublineata appears to be extinct in some catchments. M. australiense is thought to have good dispersal abilities due to a planktonic larval phase in its life cycle and good swimming capabilities, whereas N. sublineata is thought to have limited dispersal abilities, because of its benthic behaviour and because this species is viviparous. It was hypothesised that these freshwater invertebrates, would display high levels of genetic structure in populations, because physical barriers represented by terrestrial inhospitable habitat, are likely to impede gene flow between populations inhabiting isolated river pools. Genetic data for the two species targeted in this study supported this hypothesis, indicating strong population subdivision at all spatial scales investigated (i.e. between and within catchments). This suggests that contemporary dispersal between isolated waterholes is relatively restricted, despite the potential good dispersal abilities of one of the species. It was hypothesised that levels of gene flow between populations of aquatic species were higher during the Quaternary (likely movements of individuals across catchment boundaries) and that they have been isolated relatively recently. There is evidence that historically gene flow was occurring between populations, suggesting that episodic dispersal across catchment boundaries was likelier in the past. Episodic historical movements of aquatic fauna were facilitated by higher patterns of river connectivity as a result of the climate changes of the Pleistocene. Because the two species targeted in this study exhibit analogous spatial patterns of evolutionary subdivision it is likely that they have a shared biogeographic history. The unpredictable flow regime of rivers in Western Queensland is likely to have considerable effects on the genetic diversity of aquatic populations. First, if populations of obligate freshwater organisms inhabiting less persistent waterholes are more likely to experience periodic bottlenecks than those inhabiting more persistent ones, they would be expected to have lower levels of genetic diversity. Second, if populations inhabiting less persistent waterholes periodically undergo local extinction with subsequent recolonisation, there should be higher levels of genetic differentiation among them, due to the founder effects, than among those populations inhabiting more persistent waterholes. Contrary to the first prediction, the observed levels of genetic diversity in both N. sublineata and M. australiense were high in both more persistent and less persistent waterholes. There was no tendency for genetic diversity to be lower in less persistent than in more persistent waterholes. However, when Cooper waterholes were ranked in order of persistence, positive correlation between water persistence time in waterholes and genetic diversity was detected in N. sublineata but not in M. australiense. Contrary to the second prediction, highly significant genetic differentiation was found among populations from both less persistent and more persistent waterholes. This indicates that not only populations from less persistent but also those from more persistent waterholes were very dissimilar genetically. This study demonstrated the importance of both contemporary and historical processes in shaping the population structure of obligate freshwater species in Western Queensland river systems. It has indicated that contemporary movements of freshwater species generally are extremely limited across the region, whereas episodic dispersal across catchment boundaries was possible during the Pleistocene, due to different patterns of river connectivity.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
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Brunner, Peter Rene. "Dryland Channel Forms and Processes: A Whole Catchment Scale Study of the Diamantina River, Central Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367330.
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Many aspects of dryland river research, such as channel forms and processes, remain poorly investigated at the catchment scale because of the practical difficulties and costs of carrying out fieldwork in remote dryland regions. Remote sensing techniques, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, and modelling are partly overcoming these difficulties. This study has used fieldwork, remote sensing and computational modelling to investigate channel forms and processes along the Diamantina River at the catchment scale, a large dryland river in the Lake Eyre Basin, Australia. It focuses on comparing the fluvial morphology and hydrological characteristics associated with selected (dominant) channel forms with the primary anastomosing, meandering, anabranch and braided channel forms of the Diamantina River receiving particular attention.
The Diamantina River is comprised of a channelised inner floodplain (IFP), bounded by a non-channelised outer floodplain (OFP). Channel forms within the IFP were found to be significantly different in terms of their; sediment size, cross-sectional geometry, and channel form pattern both laterally and in the downstream direction.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Książki na temat "Dryland river"
1
Graf, William L. Fluvial processes in dryland rivers. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
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Graf, William L. Fluvial Processes in Dryland Rivers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83048-8.
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William, L. Graf. Fluvial Processes in Dryland Rivers. The Blackburn Press, 2002.
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Kwesi, Darkoh M. B., Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa. i Research Programme on Environment and International Security., red. African river basins and dryland crises. [Addis Ababa]: Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa, 1992.
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(Editor), L. J. Bull, i M. J. Kirkby (Editor), red. Dryland Rivers: Hydrology and Geomorphology of Semi-arid Channels. Wiley, 2002.
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Salama, RB, red. Physical and Chemical Techniques for Discharge Studies - Part 1. CSIRO Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105331.
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Groundwater discharge is associated with salinity and pollution problems. The widespread presence of millions of saline lakes in North America, Africa and Australia, shows that across the geological record, most salinity and desertification problems have been caused by saline groundwater discharge. In recent times, dryland salinity has spread widely in southern Australia, resulting in the loss of more than 50% of the fresh streams in Western Australia and causing major salinity problems in the Murray River in South Australia.
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Riikka, Otsamo, i Bura Fuelwood Project. Research Component., red. Results from the irrigated species trial (BIMST) and the irrigated dryland species trial (BUSP3) in Bura, Tana River District, Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Forestry Research Institute, 1992.
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Kirkby, M. J., i L. J. Bull. Dryland Rivers: Hydrology and Geomorphology of Semi-Arid Channels. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.
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Briggs, Mark K., i Waite R. Osterkamp. Renewing Our Rivers: Stream Corridor Restoration in Dryland Regions. University of Arizona Press, 2021.
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Briggs, Mark K., i Waite R. Osterkamp. Renewing Our Rivers: Stream Corridor Restoration in Dryland Regions. University of Arizona Press, 2020.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Dryland river"
1
Amede, Tilahun, Seleshi Bekele Awulachew, Bancy Matti i Muluneh Yitayew. "Managing Rainwater for Resilient Dryland Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Evidences". W Nile River Basin, 517–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_26.
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Kington, Elizabeth A., i Keith R. J. Smettem. "Evaluation of Policy Approaches to Dryland Salinity Management in the Kent River Catchment". W Land Degradation, 347–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2033-5_22.
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Graf, William L. "Vegetation and Dryland Rivers". W Springer Series in Physical Environment, 233–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83048-8_6.
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Graf, William L. "Generalizations for Dryland Rivers". W Springer Series in Physical Environment, 294–301. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83048-8_8.
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Graf, William L. "Fluvial Sediment in Dryland Rivers". W Springer Series in Physical Environment, 113–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83048-8_4.
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Powell, D. Mark. "Dryland Rivers: Processes and Forms". W Geomorphology of Desert Environments, 333–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5719-9_12.
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Graf, William L. "Direct Human Impacts on Dryland Rivers". W Springer Series in Physical Environment, 259–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83048-8_7.
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Yu, G. A., M. Disse i Z. W. Li. "Suspended sediment dynamics of an allogenic dryland river channel". W River Sedimentation, 490–95. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315623207-91.
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"Using GIS in Calculation of Soil Erosion in Toutunhe River Basin of Arid Xinjian". W Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, 375–80. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482274523-45.
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"The Loess Plateau—Its Formation, Soil and Water Losses, and Control of the Yellow River". W Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, 17–20. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482274523-7.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Dryland river"
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Moorhead, Mackenzie, John Holbrook, Henry Henk, Simon Lang, Victorien Paumard, Mick O'Leary i Pomeroy Smith. "BAR MIGRATION IN DRYLAND RIVER WITH HIGH-DISCHARGE VARIABILITY, THE DEGREY RIVER, NORTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA". W GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-378888.
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Dean, David J., i David J. Topping. "GEOMORPHIC CHANGE AND BIOGEOMORPHIC FEEDBACKS IN A DRYLAND RIVER: THE LITTLE COLORADO RIVER, ARIZONA, USA". W GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339900.
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Yu, G., Z. Li i M. Disse. "Sediment transport and fluvial processes of a regulated dryland river—case of the Tarim River in China". W The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-160.
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Ielpi, Alessandro, Mathieu Lapotre, Mathieu Lapotre, Alvise Finotello, Alvise Finotello, Massimiliano Ghinassi, Massimiliano Ghinassi, Andrea D'Alpaos i Andrea D'Alpaos. "PREDICTIONS OF STRATIGRAPHIC ARCHITECTURE IN RELATION TO CHANNEL MOBILITY OF DRYLAND RIVERS: INSIGHT FROM THE MOJAVE RIVER OF CALIFORNIA (USA)". W GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359714.
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Wilson, Glenn. "Flow as a disturbance agent: fish responses to serial flooding in a hydrologically-variable dryland river system, Australia". W 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108200.
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Finger-Higgens, Rebecca. "IMPACTS OF EXPERIMENTAL AND OBSERVED DROUGHT ON UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN DRYLANDS". W Joint 118th Annual Cordilleran/72nd Annual Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022cd-373682.
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van Toorenenburg, K. A., M. E. Donselaar i G. J. Weltje. "Floodplain Aggradation as a Dominant Control on Autocyclic Switching of Low-gradient Dryland Rivers in Endorheic Basins". W Fifth EAGE Shale Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201600400.
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Nagler, Pam, Armando Barreto-Muñoz, Ibrahima Sall i Kamel Didan. "ESTIMATES OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND CONSUMPTIVE WATER USE FOR THE RIPARIAN AREAS OF THE LITTLE COLORADO RIVER IN THE DRYLANDS OF NORTHEAST ARIZONA, USA". W Joint 118th Annual Cordilleran/72nd Annual Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022cd-373574.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Dryland river"
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Sims, Kate. Education, Girls’ Education and Climate Change. Institute of Development Studies, marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.044.
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This Emerging Issue Report (EIR) explores research and evidence on the relationship between education, girls’ education and climate change. There is scientific consensus that climate change is real, manifested through increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events, including drought, flooding and cyclones. Climate change, environmental degradation and climate vulnerability are closely linked. Climate change exacerbates environmental and land degradation, especially in areas with drylands and permafrost, river deltas and low-lying coastal areas. There is high confidence that people living in areas affected by environmental degradation are experiencing an increase in the negative effects of climate change. Gender, alongside other drivers of vulnerability and exclusion, is a key determinant of an individual’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change and environmental degradation and influences how climate change is experienced. It is estimated that at least 200 million adolescent girls living in the poorest communities face a heightened risk from the effects of climate change. Evidence and commentary on the role of education, and girls’ education, to address climate change through adaptation, resilience and mitigation is limited, albeit growing. This EIR identifies and summarises the evidence and key commentary around the following themes: links between education, particularly girls’ education, and climate change; how climate and environment matter for achieving gender equality; and why securing girls’ education is an important strategy in addressing climate change. The EIR draws on academic research and literature from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as policy frameworks and grey literature, media articles and blogs from the climate, education and gender fields.