Artykuły w czasopismach: „Drug utilisation”

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McManus, Peter. "Drug Utilisation". Medical Journal of Australia 158, nr 10 (maj 1993): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb121949.x.

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Cooke, Jonathan. "Drug utilisation research". International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 1, nr 1 (marzec 1991): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00518.x.

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Baiju, Agnus, Rosmin Jacob i K. Krishnakumar. "The Relevance of Defined Daily Dose concept in Drug Utilisation Research: A Review". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, nr 4-S (15.08.2021): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4-s.4897.

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According to World Health Organisation (WHO), drug utilisation is defined as the marketing, distribution, prescription and the use of drugs in society with special focus on resulting medical, social and economic consequences and it has turned into a powerful scientific tool for ensuring the rational and cost-effective use of drugs. A standard method is required to identify and aggregate drug data. This manuscript provides an overview of the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and the associated measure, Defined Daily Dose (DDD), as a methodology for evaluating drug utilisation. Keywords: Drug utilisation research, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system, Defined Daily Dose, Rational drug use.

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Garattini, S., i G. Tognoni. "Drug Utilisation Review and Pharmacoeconomics". PharmacoEconomics 4, nr 3 (wrzesień 1993): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199304030-00002.

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Bergman, Ulf, i Andrew Herxheimer. "Drug utilisation research in Europe". Lancet 342, nr 8864 (lipiec 1993): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91359-t.

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Ljubojevic, Gordana, Milan Mastikosa, Tanja Dostanic-Dosenovic, Snjezana Novakovic-Bursac, Natasa Tomic, Goran Talic, Ranko Skrbic i Milos Stojiljkovic. "Drug utilisation trends in a physical rehabilitation hospital". Vojnosanitetski pregled 76, nr 12 (2019): 1261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp180118046l.

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Background/Aim. Drug utilisation monitoring could identify drug-related problems and hence improve the awareness of irrational drug use. The objective of this study was to analyse the drug utilisation patterns in a rehabilitation hospital over the period 2011?2016. Methods. The Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classification/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology was used to monitor the drug utilisation expressed as a number of DDD per 100 patient-days (HPD). The values of DDDs were obtained from the World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Utilisation trends were analysed by means of the Compound Aggregate Growth Rate (CAGR), which is defined as an average annual change rate of some value during the period of interest. Results. The number of patient-days increased during the six years period; the CAGR being1.8% annually. At the same time, the total number of dispensed DDDs as well as the number of DDD/HPD decreased with the CAGR of -2.0% and -3.7% respectively. The average drug cost per patient-day varied from BAM 1.38 in 2013 to 0.95 in 2016; the CAGR being -1.8%. The most utilised drugs belonged to the ATC groups C, A, B, M and N and they contributed to an average of 77% of all drugs used each year. On the top of the list of most utilised drugs were: hydroxocobalamin, thioctic acid, enalapril, diclofenac, amlodipine, acetylsalicylic acid, pantoprazole, paracetamol and bromazepam. Conclusions. The overall drug utilisation in the hospital was modest and almost equal in 2016 compared to 2011. Besides the leading consumption of vitamin B12 and thioctic acid, this study points out some interesting prescribing patterns, such as predominant use of diclofenac over ibuprofen, and overuse of proton pump inhibitors. There is a need for educative interventions among physicians in order to improve their prescribing practice.

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Blackburn, Jim L. "Impact of Drug Usage Review on Drug Utilisation". PharmacoEconomics 3, nr 1 (styczeń 1993): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199303010-00003.

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Velickovic-Radovanovic, Radmila, Jasmina Petrovic, Biljana Kodela i Slobodan Janković. "Antihypertensive drugs utilisation and educational activities". Open Medicine 5, nr 5 (1.10.2010): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-010-0033-6.

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AbstractThe mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases is high in Serbia. Analysis of antihypertensive drugs utilization is the basis for assessment of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy appropriateness. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in antihypertensive drugs utilization among outpatients in Niš region, South Serbia compared to some Nordic countries (Norvay, Sweden) and Australia as well as to analyze trends in educational and drug promotion activities directed to primary healthcare workers within the same region. Using the ATC/DDD methodology, we analyzed the utilization of antihypertensive drugs dispensed on prescription in the Nis region over the 2003–2007 period. The study was retrospective, based on data obtained from Central City Pharmacy Nis. Educational and drug promotion activities were noted from the records of Medical Faculty, University of Nis, and from the records of local branches of pharmaceutical companies active in Serbia. Wilcoxon’s test was used in order to calculate the statistical significance of difference. A significant increase of 79.8% (153.8/ 276.6 DDD/inhabitants/day) in antihypertensive drug consumption was observed in the same period. This analysis showed there were substantial increases in the use of diuretics (134.7%), ACE inhibitors (79.5%) and calcium channel blockers (116.1%), especially amlodipin (241.2%). During the observed period, annual numbers of educational activities and of pharmaceutical sales representatives employed within the region increased for almost one fourth. This analysis pointed to a significant increase in the use of antihypertensive drugs in the Nis region, which was matched with increase in educational and drug promotion activities within the region, so that in 2006–2007 total consumption was approximate to some referential countries (Norvay, Sweden).

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&NA;. "OTC switches change drug utilisation patterns". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, nr 961 (październik 1994): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409610-00009.

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Truter, I. "Appetite Suppressants: A Drug Utilisation Study". Value in Health 16, nr 7 (listopad 2013): A389—A390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.08.386.

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Lindsay, G. H., M. Perry, G. A. Crichton, A. Sands i R. S. McWalter. "Improving Prescribing by Drug Utilisation Review". Age and Ageing 22, suppl 3 (1.01.1993): P41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/22.suppl_3.p41-a.

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van Dijk, K. N., C. S. de Vries, P. B. van den Berg, J. R. B. J. Brouwers i L. T. W. de Jong-van den Berg. "Drug utilisation in Dutch nursing homes". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 55, nr 10 (20.01.2000): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050012.

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LeLorier, Jacques, Robert H. Vander Stichele, Jerry Avorn, Keith Beard, Jesper Hallas i David A. Henry. "Bringing epidemiology into drug utilisation research". Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 12, nr 2 (2003): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.817.

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Raphel, Jithya, i Nimmy N. John. "Drug Utilisation Pattern of Anti-Epileptic Agents among Paediatric Patients with Epilepsy". International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences 7, nr 4 (sierpień 2019): 3043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijprhs.2019.04.06.

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Machado-Alba, J. E., L. F. Calvo-Torres, S. García-Betancur, A. Aguirre-Novoa i A. M. Bañol-Giraldo. "Drug utilisation study in patients receiving antiepileptic drugs in Colombia". Neurología (English Edition) 31, nr 2 (marzec 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.06.002.

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R., Balaji, Sekkizhar M., Asok Kumar M. i Nirmala P. "AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF DRUG UTILISATION PATTERN AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE OF ANTIPSYCHOTICS". International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, nr 6 (14.11.2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i6.23430.

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Objective: Drug Utilization Research (DUR) was defined by the WHO in 1977 as “The marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs in a society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social and economic implications”. The main aim of conducting drug utilisation research is to facilitate rational use of drugs I,e the prescription of a well documented drug together with correct information at an affordable cost. Psychiatric disorders form an important public health priority among which psychotic disorders are the chief contributors to disability adjusted life years [DALYs] and are associated with high levels of health service utilization and treatment cost. Without the knowledge of how drugs are being prescribed and used it is difficult to initiate a discussion on rational drug use or to suggest measures to improve prescribing patterns. To analyse the drug utilization pattern by using standard parameters.Methods: After getting approval from the institutional human ethics committee and consent from the patients willing to participate in this study, a total of 79 prescriptions containing atleast one antipsychotic drug was collected in one year period from patients attending psychiatric OPD. The patients were given a one month follow up and the adverse effects which arise out of therapy are noted and analysed.Results: Out of the 79 participants, 59.49% were males and 40.51% were females. Regarding the morbidity distribution, Schizophrenia contributes to 50.63% and bipolar disorder contributes to 29.11% of diagnosis. Based on the analysis by WHO/INRUD standard guidelines, the average number of drugs and antipsychotic drugs per prescription were 3.32 and 1.38 respectively. The utilsation of antipsychotic drugs assessed by PDD/DDD ratio is equal to one for haloperidol and aripiprazole while it is less than one for other antipsychotic drugs. The adverse effects commonly encountered while treating psychotic cases are sedation, extra pyramidal symptoms, weight gain and anticholinergic side effects like constipation and urinary retention.Conclusion: The age and morbidity distribution of the participants are similar to the outcomes of many studies. The antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and aripiprazole are utilised appropriately while there is under utilisation of other antipsychotics. The volume of use of haloperidol, olanzapine benzodiazepines should be judicious considering their adverse effects.

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&NA;. "Drug utilisation studied in a US ICU". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, nr 909 (październik 1993): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199309090-00013.

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&NA;. "Inadequate antipsychotic drug utilisation in the elderly". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, nr 920 (styczeń 1994): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409200-00016.

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Smith, Dean G., i Duane M. Kirking. "Impact of Consumer Fees on Drug Utilisation". PharmacoEconomics 2, nr 4 (październik 1992): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199202040-00008.

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Fulda, Thomas R., i Steven L. Hass. "Medicaid Drug Utilisation Review Under OBRA 1990". PharmacoEconomics 2, nr 5 (listopad 1992): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199202050-00004.

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Edmonds, David J., David M. Dumbrell, John G. Primrose, Peter McManus, Donald J. Birkett i Vasken Demirian. "Development of an Australian Drug Utilisation Database". PharmacoEconomics 3, nr 6 (czerwiec 1993): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199303060-00001.

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Gortner, L. "Drug Utilisation in Preterm and Term Neonates". PharmacoEconomics 4, nr 6 (grudzień 1993): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199304060-00005.

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Bapna, Jawahar S., Chakra D. Tripathi i Uma Tekur. "Drug Utilisation Patterns in the Third World". PharmacoEconomics 9, nr 4 (kwiecień 1996): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199609040-00002.

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Chrischilles, Elizabeth A., i Kathleen Gondek. "Do Practice Guidelines Augment Drug Utilisation Review?" PharmacoEconomics 12, nr 6 (grudzień 1997): 648–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199712060-00005.

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Lapane, Kate L., i Carmel M. Hughes. "Optimising Drug Utilisation in Long Term Care". PharmacoEconomics 20, nr 3 (2002): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200220030-00001.

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Koshy, SA, i M. Krishna Murthy. "Drug Utilisation Evaluation in Diabetic Foot Surgery". Value in Health 21 (wrzesień 2018): S66—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.07.500.

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Kosse, Richelle C., Ellen S. Koster, Tjalling W. de Vries i Marcel L. Bouvy. "Drug utilisation among Dutch adolescents: a pharmacy prescription records study". Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, nr 8 (1.06.2018): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314692.

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BackgroundStudies on adolescent drug use are scarce as most studies do not distinguish between children and adolescents. Therefore, we assessed overall drug use in adolescents.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using pharmacy dispensing records from 62 community pharmacies in the Netherlands. Dispensing records of the previous 5 years were extracted for adolescents (12–18 years).ResultsThe study population consisted of 47 421 adolescents who collected at least one medication prescription during adolescence (mean age 15.5±1.8 years; 48.9% males). Half of them collected dermatologicals (46.2% males; 52.3% females), followed by drugs for the respiratory system (43.4% males; 40.3% females) and anti-infectives for systemic use (31.3% males; 39.1% females). The percentage of males using dermatologicals slightly increased, while the percentage of female users decreased with age. The most prescribed active ingredient was methylphenidate.ConclusionsThese insights into adolescent drug use help us to better understand adolescent healthcare use.Trial registration numberDutch trial register NTR5061.

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Lundby, Carina, John Jensen, Søren Post Larsen, Helene Hoffmann, Anton Pottegård i Mette Reilev. "Use of medication among nursing home residents: a Danish drug utilisation study". Age and Ageing 49, nr 5 (7.03.2020): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa029.

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Abstract Background Data on drug utilisation patterns in nursing home populations is scarce. We aimed to describe drug use patterns in Danish nursing home residents. Methods We established a cohort of 5,179 individuals (63% women; median age of 84 years) admitted into 94 nursing homes across Denmark during 2015–2017. Data on prescription drug use and other census data were obtained from the nationwide Danish health registries. Results The total number of drug classes filled increased from a median of 6 drugs (interquartile range [IQR] 3–9) at 18–24 months before nursing home admission to a median of 8 drugs (IQR 6–11) just after admission, with the most common drug classes comprising paracetamol (61%), platelet inhibitors (41%), proton pump inhibitors (34%), statins (33%) and potassium supplements (31%). The incidence rate of new drug treatments increased from 21 new treatments/100 residents/month at 12–24 months before admission to a peak of 71 new treatments/100 residents/month in the month prior to admission, while it levelled off to about 34 new treatments/100 residents/month after 6–9 months. The drug classes primarily responsible for this peak were laxatives, antibiotics and analgesics. The largest absolute increases were seen for laxatives (53%), paracetamol (43%) and antidepressants (36%), all showing a marked increase up to and following admission. A high proportion of residents remained on therapy in the 3-year period following admission, with users of antidepressants and antidementia drugs being most persistent. Conclusion Nursing home admission is associated with an increase in use of both predominantly preventive and non-preventive drug classes.

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Simpson, Grahame K., Mark Sabaz, Maysaa Daher, Robert Gordon i Barbara Strettles. "Challenging Behaviours, Co-morbidities, Service Utilisation and Service Access among Community-dwelling Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multicentre Study". Brain Impairment 15, nr 1 (maj 2014): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2014.7.

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Objective: To examine patterns, predictors and unmet needs of service utilisation and access to mental health and/or drug and alcohol services among community-dwelling adults with severe traumatic brain injury, and compare those who displayed challenging behaviours with those not displaying challenging behaviour.Design: Retrospective multicentre study.Subjects: All active clients (n= 507) of the New South Wales (NSW) Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program (BIRP) community rehabilitation teams.Methods: Clinician-rated data were collected on client challenging behaviours, mental health and functional status, service utilisation and unmet needs. Between-groups analyses (challenging behaviour versus no challenging behaviours) were conducted to examine patterns of service utilisation and unmet needs. Predictors for service utilisation were tested by multiple linear regression.Results: Challenging behaviours were associated with higher use of BIRP and non-BIRP services and greater levels of unmet needs. Challenging behaviour was an independent predictor of higher levels of service utilisation, in conjunction with pre- and post-injury mental health and drug and alcohol co-morbidities and geographic location. Only 15.3% of the 111 clients with challenging behaviours and co-morbid drug and alcohol problems accessed a drug and alcohol service, while another 32.4% had unmet needs for such services.Conclusion: Challenging behaviours make an independent contribution to increased levels of service utilisation after severe traumatic brain injury.

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Lakshmi, G. N. S. Sangeetha, Chilkuri Priyanka i Mortha Vineela. "Drug utilisation pattern in dermatology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital". International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, nr 11 (23.10.2018): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184197.

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Background: Skin is the part of integumentary system that constitutes the largest organ of human body and thus it is exposed to injury by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The skin disorders have serious detrimental effect on quality of life of the general population. The present study was planned to define the prescription pattern in terms of rationality, drug interactions and financial burden of disease to the individual. Also, in the identification of problems related to drug use such as poly-pharmacy and drug-drug interaction.Methods: The present study was conducted in the male and female out-patient Department of Dermatology at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana over a period of two months. Prescriptions of 400 patients were analyzed i.e. 200 each were taken from the male and female OPD patients. An observational and cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study.Results: Prescriptions of 400 patients were analyzed. The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.73 in male OPD and 3.59 in female OPD. The percentage of generic drugs prescribed was 84.13% in male OPD and 77.3% in female OPD, drugs prescribed by brand name was 15.82% in male OPD and 22.7% in female OPD. Antihistamines were the most commonly prescribed drugs followed by antibacterial in female OPD and antifungals in male OPD.Conclusions: Prescription of maximum drugs was by their generic name and was dispensed free of cost to the patients from the hospital pharmacy. Almost all the drugs prescribed as oral formulation were present in the NLEM, India 2011. Whereas some topical formulations prescribed are not present in the NLEM. Therefore, were prescribed by trade name. Regular educational interventions like sensitization on pharmacovigilance may further promote rational prescribing.

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Sacristán, José A., i Javier Soto. "Drug Utilisation Studies as Tools in Health Economics". PharmacoEconomics 5, nr 4 (kwiecień 1994): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199405040-00005.

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Thürmann, Petra, i Sebastian Harder. "Criteria for the Appropriate Drug Utilisation of Immunoglobulin". PharmacoEconomics 9, nr 5 (maj 1996): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199609050-00005.

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Haramiova, Z., D. Minarikova, I. Malovecka, Z. Kobliskova i V. Foltan. "Cardiovascular Drug Utilisation in Slovakia, Main Regional Characteristics". Value in Health 19, nr 7 (listopad 2016): A661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2016.09.1807.

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Crank, Mariana Y. "Drug Information Services: Hospital Pharmacists' Utilisation and Opinion". Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 35, nr 4 (grudzień 2005): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2005.tb00364.x.

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Clavenna, Antonio, Alessandra Berti, Lucia Gualandi, Elisa Rossi, Marisa De Rosa i Maurizio Bonati. "Drug utilisation profile in the Italian paediatric population". European Journal of Pediatrics 168, nr 2 (30.04.2008): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-008-0725-y.

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Al-Windi, Ahmad, Dag Elmfeldt i Kurt Svärdsudd. "Determinants of drug utilisation in a Swedish municipality". Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 13, nr 2 (luty 2004): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.864.

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Bhalerao, Pramod P., i Chandrakant S. Waghmare. "Drug utilisation study in surgery outpatient department at Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari, Solapur". International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, nr 9 (28.08.2019): 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20193673.

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Background: Drug utilization studies should be regularly conducted to increase therapeutic efficacy, decrease adverse effects and provide feedback to prescribers to promote the rational use of drugs. Systematic audit of prescriptions in Surgery Outpatient Department are very few in India. This study was conducted to study drug prescription pattern in Surgery Outpatient Department (OPD) in Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari.Methods: Six hundred prescriptions were screened and analyzed as per the study parameters at Surgery OPD of Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari. Study parameters like demographic profile of the patient like age, sex and diagnosis were recorded. Also groups of drugs commonly prescribed, number of drugs per patient, drug profile and drawbacks of prescription if any were recorded and analyzed. The percentage of the drugs prescribed by generic names and from the essential drug list was calculated.Results: Most common group of drugs prescribed by physicians were drugs for peptic ulcer (27.26%), followed by antimicrobials (20.89%). The average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 2.98. Drug prescription by generic name was low (8.82%). The incidence of polypharmacy was common occurrence and some prescriptions had small drawbacks like absence of diagnosis, absence of doctor’s signature, absence of patient age etc.Conclusions: Prescribing by generic name and from the essential drug lists should be encouraged. Training sessions on the correct method of writing prescriptions are needed.

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CDM, Naidu, Vardhan A, Bankar MA, Sharma S, Raghuvanshi VS i Reddy S. "A Drug Utilisation Study of Antihyperglycaemic Agents in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital". International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 6, nr 1 (1.01.2017): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ijmds/2017/18789.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is an emerging non communicable, life style disease. The aim was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic outpatients and monitor the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with anti-diabetic therapy.Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in adult diabetic patients from the Department of General Medicine of a rural tertiary care hospital in October 2013- December 2014 after obtaining written informed consent from the patient and approval from institutional ethics committee. Demographic data, drug utilization pattern, cost of the antidiabetic drugs along with defined daily dose was calculated. ADRs due to anti-diabetic drugs were summarized.Results: A total of 450 patients were enrolled in the study of which there was male preponderance and majority belong to geriatric age. The most common comorbidity was hypertension. Insulin was most commonly prescribed drug during hospital stay and metformin at the time of discharge. Of the combination therapy dual therapy of metformin and glimipiride was most preferred. The total antihyperglycaemic drug consumption was 15.65 DDD/100 bed days. 67 ADR were reported of which the most common was hypoglycaemia.Conclusions: The study showed insulin and metformin were the most commonly used drugs. The prescribing trend also appears to be moving towards combination therapy particularly two drug therapies. The most commonly reported ADR was hypoglycaemia.

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Khanum, Saba, Sushma Muchukota, Al Kayum Ahmed, Karishma Parveen, Pooja Pooja, Rashi L, Priyanka Dey, Yousuf Ahmed i Rinkumathappan Rinkumathappan. "EVALUATION OF DRUG UTILISATION PATTERN IN GENERAL MEDICINE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE SETTING". INDIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND SCIENCE 7, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 2177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2020.7.2.10.

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Sarraf, Deependra Prasad, i Bajarang Prasad Sah. "Drug Utilisation Pattern in Ear, Nose and Throat Inpatient Department using WHO Prescribing Indicators". Nepal Journal of Health Sciences 1, nr 1 (30.07.2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njhs.v1i1.38720.

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Introduction: Assessment of drug utilisation pattern (DUP) based on World Health Organisation (WHO) drug prescribing indicators would enhance the standards of patient care at all levels of the healthcare. It helps to improve the quality of life in developing countries like Nepal. Objective: To assess DUP in patients admitted in ear, nose and throat inpatient department at a tertiary hospital in Eastern Nepal using the WHO prescribing indicators. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 96 patients in ENT department of a tertiary care teaching hospital from February-April 2019. Pre-designed proforma was used to collect the relevant data from the medical case sheets and drug charts. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: Out of 96 patients, 52 (54.17%) were female. Most of the patients (46, 47.18%) were prescribed four drugs. Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol (77, 19.74%) was the commonest prescribed drug. Ceftriaxone (62, 63.92%) was the most frequently prescribed systemic antibiotic. The average number of drugs per prescription was 4.06. None of the drugs were prescribed by generic name. Out of 360 drugs, only 118 (30.26%) were prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) and 117 (30.00%) drugs were fixed drug combinations. Ninety two (95.83%) patients had been prescribed at least one antibiotic. Conclusions: The prescribing practices of essential medicines, generic drugs, antibiotics and injectable drugs showed deviation from the standard recommended by the WHO. The prescribers should be motivated to enhance prescription of drugs by generic names and from NLEM.

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Yue, Yan, Libin Chen, Imti Choonara, Tao Xiong, Shalini Ojha, Jun Tang, Yan Wang i in. "Cross-sectional study of drug utilisation in a Chinese neonatal unit". Journal of International Medical Research 48, nr 5 (maj 2020): 030006052091419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520914197.

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Objective This study aimed to describe drug utilisation in a large Chinese neonatal unit and to compare the findings with those from other countries. Methods Data were collected from electronic medical records. Prescription drugs were defined as the number of unique medication names for each patient. Medicine doses were defined as the total number of doses of all medicines administered. Information was collected regarding drugs prescribed to inpatients between March 1 and April 1 2018 in the neonatal intensive care unit and the general neonatal ward of West China Second University Hospital. Results The 319 neonates received 1276 prescription drugs and 11,410 medicine doses involving 81 drugs. Vitamin K1, hepatitis B vaccine, and cefoperazone-sulbactam were the three most frequently prescribed drugs. Antimicrobials were the most frequently used group of medicines, with cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam the most frequently used in an off-label manner. Domperidone and simethicone were both widely used. Conclusions The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials differed greatly from those reported for other countries. The evidence base for the use of some medicines is poor, and is indicative of irrational prescribing.

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Nasution, Embun Suci, i Rasmadin Mukhtar. "Pattern of Prescribing NSAIDs Utilisation at Outpatient Pediatric Poly at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, nr 10 (14.05.2019): 1631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.276.

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BACKGROUND: The wrong prescription pattern on NSAIDs also often results in side effects and drug interactions that cause serious and detrimental drug reactions. Drug use research is needed to describe the pattern of drug use, early signs of rational drug use, interventions to improve drug use, cycles of quality control, and continuous quality improvement. AIM: This study aimed to determine the prescribing pattern of NSAIDs at outpatient Pediatric Poly at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia in 2017. METHODS: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted from October to November 2016 with data from July and August 2017. RESULT: The study showed, outpatient of pediatric poly at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital in Medan there were 45,000 prescriptions, and 62 (0.15%) prescriptions contained NSAIDs. The most frequently prescribed NSAIDs 53 (85.48%) of prescriptions for outpatient pediatric poly was paracetamol. The most use of NSAIDs was consumed by a female in the age group of 3 years-12 years was 35 (58.06%). The highest frequency of NSAIDs utilisation was 7 days with 25 prescriptions (40.32%). There were 17 (27.42%) prescriptions with inappropriate dose, and the most widely prescribed dosage form was syrup for 34 (54.83%) prescriptions. The most duration of treatment with NSAIDs drugs which is paracetamol reached up to seven-days 25 (40.32%). The most frequently prescribed drugs 57 (91.93%) were generic drugs. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there are still inappropriate doses and frequency of NSAIDs utilisation.

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Adu, Ammishaddai, i Carol L. Armour. "Drug Utilisation Review (DUR) of the Third Generation Cephalosporins". Drugs 50, nr 3 (wrzesień 1995): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199550030-00002.

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Gorry, C., LM McCullagh i M. Barry. "Drug Utilisation of Braf Inhibitors for Melanoma in Ireland". Value in Health 19, nr 7 (listopad 2016): A728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2016.09.2183.

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Jankovic, Slobodan M., Snezana V. Jankovic, Zoran Kovacevic, Argyriou Anastassia i Kouvelas Dimitrios. "Drug utilisation in a Serbian long-stay pyschogeriatric facility". Australasian Journal on Ageing 21, nr 3 (wrzesień 2002): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2002.tb00439.x.

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Egunsola, Oluwaseun, Imti Choonara i Helen M. Sammons. "Anti-epileptic drug utilisation in paediatrics: a systematic review". BMJ Paediatrics Open 1, nr 1 (sierpień 2017): e000088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000088.

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Sipcic, M., SV Jankovic i SM Jankovic. "Drug utilisation patterns in Zabljak municipality, Serbia and Montenegro". South African Family Practice 49, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 16–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2007.10873498.

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Henriksen, Daniel Pilsgaard, Jesper Rømhild Davidsen, Christian B. Laursen, Anders Christiansen, Per Damkier, Jesper Hallas i Anton Pottegård. "Montelukast use—a 19-year nationwide drug utilisation study". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 73, nr 10 (22.06.2017): 1297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-017-2286-3.

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Merlo, J., A. Wessling i A. Melander. "Comparison of dose standard units for drug utilisation studies". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 50, nr 1-2 (16.04.1996): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050064.

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Azermai, Majda, Monique Elseviers, Mirko Petrovic, Luc Van Bortel i Robert Vander Stichele. "Geriatric drug utilisation of psychotropics in Belgian nursing homes". Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 26, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hup.1160.

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