Książki na temat „Drone Surveys”

Detecting animals is a key aspect of drone usage for conservation purposes. This chapter provides an overview of how drones have been used to detect animals and in some cases have been used to derive animal distribution and density. We provide several examples of studies that compared animal counts from traditional survey methods and drone surveys. To protect animals, drones have also been used in anti-poaching efforts and we discuss how drones can assist such efforts and provide examples of studies on drones and anti-poaching. As with other survey methods drones can also disturb animals. We discuss studies that have examined this issue and provide some recommendations based on those.

The Roman family was defined at law as a unit controlled by the all-powerful pater familias, its membership determined by relationship through the male line (agnatio). Both formal law and family relations altered between the fifth-century-BC XII Tables and the sixth-century-AD legal compilations ordered by the Eastern Emperor Justinian. In particular, Christianity and married women’s developing capacity to acquire and transmit property drove significant changes in power relations within the family. Scholarly perspectives on Roman law and the Roman family have also changed to take into account the religious and ethnic diversity of the Roman Empire and the social realities behind the rigid legal categories of the law. This chapter surveys these strands of scholarship.

This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter is a comprehensive survey of sound practices in avant-garde film, video art, and installation art since the 1960s. It addresses a series of artistic approaches to sound: silence, tone and drone, antic and aleatory, multilayering and cacophony, work with voices, legacies of cinematic exhibition, and resonant spaces in galleries and museums. It is broadly chronological, beginning with major figures of the 1960s and ending with artists currently working. The chapter does not deny medium specificity, but moves easily among celluloid film, video formats, and gallery installation. Theoretical perspectives derive from the debate between Deleuze and Badiou on the nature and frequency of “the event,” a restaging of the discussion on the value of experiment and innovation. The chapter is wide-ranging enough to be synoptic, but also provides detailed discussion of works by Larry Gottheim, Abigail Child, Andy Warhol, Christian Marclay, Janet Cardiff, and Bruce High Quality Foundation.

A richly researched, evocative account of the individuals and institutions involved in the settling of the non-Indian West—and of the impact of the development of the West on the nation as a whole. Making of the American West surveys the experiences of major social groups in the lands from the Mississippi to the Pacific, from the United States’ penetration of the region in the early 19th century to its incorporation into national political, economic, and cultural fabric by the early 20th century. This revealing volume offers fascinating portraits of the people and institutions that drove the Western conquest (traders and trappers, ranchers and settlers, corporations, the federal government), as well as of those who resisted conquest or hoped for the emergence of a different society (Indian peoples, Latinos, Asians, wage laborers). Throughout, expert contributors continually return to the growing myth of the West and the impact of its promise of freedom and opportunity on those who sought to “Americanize” it.

Machiavelli was painfully aware of living in a disastrous moment of Italy’s history: foreign invasions, occupations, and shattered states. This is a study of his evaluation of the failures of Italy’s political leaders, professional soldiers, and popes—and of the underlying causes of those failures. The first chapter presents Machiavelli’s reactions to Italy’s travails during his years in Florence’s chancery. Chapter two surveys his critique of Italy’s republics and princes. The next two explore the dispatches from Machiavelli’s diplomatic missions (legations) when he observed the self-destructive delusions and ambitions of the would-be prince, Cesare Borgia, and the recklessness of Pope Julius II. Searching for the causes of the dysfunctions of this “broken” political world, Machiavelli focused on the “ambition” and “avarice” of Italy’s elite families. The central fifth chapter analyzes his theorization of this class’s relentless ambition and abuses of power, particularly its preference for extra-constitutional private power through factions that weaken law and governments—what he called corruption. Four chapters examine his understanding of elite politics in the historical context of the Florentine republic: the ambition of elite families leading to competing private factions aiming to control the republic from outside the institutions of government, and eventually to the dominance of the Medici faction, which, after suppressing its rivals, tolerated no dissent and drove all opposition into conspiracy, itself living in fear of conspiracies, real or imagined. The last chapter contends that, for Machiavelli, those who corrupted legal institutions in pursuit of private power represent the most dangerous kind of tyranny, the collective tyranny of the wealthy and powerful.

Historians describe the ‘long 19th century’ as an age of empire, characterized by expansion and industrialization. The period witnessed the evolution of Western medicine into something uniquely ‘modern’, rooted in the shift to industrial capitalism and encroachment of government monitoring to state health, as well as the colonial mindset that drove overseas travel and encounters with unfamiliar populations, climates and disease. More than ever before, food, drugs, people and sickness circumvented the globe, crossing borders and prompting enormous changes in the way people made sense of health and illness. Novel technologies, from vaccination to x-rays, and ways of organizing medicine and its delivery, increased the reach of medicine and augmented the power of the state and colonizers. Equally, the new medicine answered governments’ growing recognition that health had acquired cultural value and meaning for their domestic populations. Spanning the period from 1800 to 1920, this volume surveys the spatial, experiential, visual and material cultures that shaped authority, mind and body, disease theories and the growing integration of human and animal health. These essays focus on the centrality of the state and hospitals, the growing importance of controlled laboratory experimentation, statistical methods, medical specialization, as well as the impact of war and peace on sick and injured bodies marked by notions of gender, race and class. While documenting the rise of new medical paradigms, this volume also charts the ways in which patients and populations have mediated, contested and shaped medical encounters, as well as the meanings of health and illness. Together these chapters map the contours of recent trends and trajectories in the cultural history of medicine and set an agenda for the self-reflexive critique of medicine’s past in the future.

Military and civilian captivity practices by four major European powers and the United States during World War I are surveyed in this book. Speed argues that while the pressures of total war, as they emerged during the conflict, drove the belligerents to violate many of the norms of war, they attempted to behave in accordance with a liberal tradition of captivity which held that prisoners of war were merely men whom nobody had a right to harm. Aside from a few journal articles that deal with small aspects of the topic, there is no other scholarly work that focuses on captivity during the First World War. Speed makes extensive use of rarely cited American diplomatic records in order to offer a more objective view of camp conditions. A special feature is the depiction of American camps in France drawn from previously uncited War Department records. The book explores the radical tradition of captivity that emerged in the Soviet Union. This tradition held that the prisoner was not merely a man for whom the war was over, but that he was a potential recruit in the class war whose national loyalty could be subverted in the interest of the ideological conflict. Thus, while the Western world entered the war with a single tradition of captivity, it emerged from the conflict with two antithetical traditions. While the United States and Western Europe in general have clung to the liberal tradition, third world revolutionary states like Vietnam and North Korea have embraced the radical tradition. This book is essential reading for all scholars and students of modern European/American diplomatic and military history. Government officials involved with hostages or prisoners of war will also find much of value here.

This multi-disciplinary study examines the exceptional Turkey red textile dyeing process and product. Prized for its brilliant colour and durability, yet notoriously difficult to produce, the textile was consumed locally and exported around the world. Considered one of the first instances of industrial espionage, the expansion of the Turkey red industry is closely linked to the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of a new global economy. Significant technological advances in chemistry and dyeing were motivated by the demands of Turkey red dyers and printers, who were located primarily in the west of Scotland, the north of England, and around Mulhouse, Switzerland. This book explores the arc of the Turkey red industry, the evolution of the process through key producers and technical developments, the complicated printing process, and finishes with an examination of significant Turkey red collections and a selection of object case studies. The chemistry of the process is described in an accessible, contextual manner, highlighting the significance of the distinctive technique that yielded the best red attainable on cotton. Drawing on both historical and contemporary study, Turkey Red presents significant new research on the material characterisation of this fascinating, eye-catching textile, and offers an in-depth historical example of the global effect of textile consumption. This book is the most comprehensive examination of Turkey red textiles and dyeing to date. The bright red cotton, renowned for its brilliant hue and resistance to fading, was a household name during the nineteenth century and a major industrial product. Following an extensive analysis of historical dyeing methods and texts on the topic, Wertz proposes a process-based definition of Turkey red as cotton fibers pre-treated with oil, then aluminium, and dyed with madder or synthetic alizarin and calcium. A discussion of textile dyeing processes fitting this definition, along with trade accounts and other documentary evidence, reveals the possible origins of Turkey red in India. The dyeing process is presented along with a discussion of the chemical interactions taking place, and how this contributes to the particular fastness of the final product. Its resistance to bleaching and wash fading made it especially useful for domestic textiles and high-use garments. These properties, and the dyeing process itself, meant that printed Turkey red could only be obtained through discharging fully-dyed cloth of the red before selectively adding other colors. Turkey red both drove and benefited from technological innovations like chlorine bleaching, the synthesis of alizarin, and the development of Turkey red oil, as well as the mechanization and increased production capacity of the Industrial Revolution. Archival material provides insight into the nineteenth-century industry and how international markets made it a global product. A survey of Turkey red collection objects, paintings, photographs, and other materials showcases its appeal, versatility, and durability as a textile.