Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Droits de l'homme (droit international) – Nations Unies. Comité des droits de l'homme”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 46 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Droits de l'homme (droit international) – Nations Unies. Comité des droits de l'homme”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Bouziri, Nejib. "La protection des droits civils et politiques par l'ONU : l'oeuvre du Comité des droits de l'homme /". Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39003000b.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn appendice, la liste des membres anciens et actuels du Comité des droits de l'homme. Bibliogr. p. 581-592.
Bassah, Komla Séméké. "Étude sur la légitimité du Comité des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies et sur l'effectivité de sa mission". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0145.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research on the legitimacy and effectiveness of the HRC stems from the observation that there is a deep lack of knowledge regarding the scope of its mission, which has a negative impact on it. This study shows that despite the limits imposed on this body by the ICCPR, its work has a very significant impact on the international human rights protection. To achieve this end, the HRC adopted interpretation methods that have earned it the attention of others bodies, strengthening by the way its legitimacy. Pursuing the same goal, in order to overcome the non-binding nature of its decisions, it endeavors to give its activity the impression of that of a formally court-like function with the purpose to facilitate States’ compliance by the degree of authority with which they are endowed. However, we propose that if States do not take a new step by setting up a single international court in human rights field, it is an urgent that the UN treaties bodies system, as it known today, be rationalized for the individual’s interests. As the effectiveness of human rights dependent on States willingness, the solution against the current pitfalls requires a large-scale political project supported by them
Hennebel, Ludovic. "Le régionalisme comme garant de l'universalisme des droits de l'homme: le cas du mécanisme de recours individuel de la Convention américaine des droits de l'homme". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211047.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerrero, Julie. "L'interprétation évolutive des conventions internationales de protection des droits de l'homme : contribution à l'étude de la fonction interprétative du juge international". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1050.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman rights treaties have been adopted at the end of the first half of the XXth century, in a technological, social and economic context which has since then deeply evolved. To maintain the effectiveness and relevance of those treaties, specialised jurisdictions have therefore increasingly interpreted their provisions in light of current living conditions. This method, called evolutive interpretation of treaties, is still looked at with suspicion. Indeed, it is not recognised by the Vienna Convention on the law of treaties and it may lead the judge to depart from the parties intention as expressed in the text of the convention. The evolutive interpretation of treaties invites therefore to reconsider the international judge’s interpretative function, between its strict theoretical conception and the empirical needs of contemporary international law
Stavrinaki, Stamatia. "Le régime des communications individuelles présentées en vertu de traités onusiens relatifs aux droits de l'homme". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020065/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe empirical construction of the United Nations human rights treaty system was based on a minimum consensus among states. Treaty bodies and monitoring procedures of treaty obligations are part of this consensus. Besides the reporting procedure, States parties have reached consensus on an individual complaints procedure. The procedure emerged after polarization and hesitation among States over the establishment of an international human rights court and the status of the individual in international law and was reproduced in without major modifications. So individual complaints procedures under United Nations human rights treaties have common procedural and institutional features. Furthermore, treaty bodies have engaged in a process of harmonization of their working methods giving us reason to be optimistic about the unity of United Nations human rights treaty system. Besides common institutional and procedural aspects, the latest treaties establishing individual complaints procedures codify the evolutionary practice of older treaty bodies, especially the Human Rights Committee. By affirming their determination to protect the object and purpose of human rights treaties and to guarantee the effectiveness of individual complaints procedures, treaty bodies strengthen implicitly the judicial aspects of the procedure. However, in the absence of judicial authority and other institutional tools for imposing on States parties’ treaty obligations, the treaty bodies are forced to seek the right balance between firmness and diplomacy without being able to ensure States parties’ cooperation. Nonetheless, observance of treaty obligations under the individual complaints procedure is a part of a long and continuous process in which treaty bodies due to their expertise and competences have a predominant role. The standardization of the individual communications procedure in the United Nations human rights treaty system strengthens the position of the individual in international law and foregrounds victims that have long remained in the shadows. By asserting their authority to interpret treaties and to ensure the effectiveness of the individual communications procedures, the treaty bodies contribute to the universalization of normative principles and their effective and coherent implementation
MASSENGO, TIASSE MAURICE. "Les etats socialistes et la commission des droits de l'homme des nations unies". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA111004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is an out line of the position of the socialist states represented within the united nations human rights commission. It is based on numerous declarations and reports made by the socialist delegation, and constitutes a thorough documentary study with a view to prompting a critical reflection on the socialist conception of human rights. The socialist states examined in this work fall into two main categories: those states whose structures correspond to the socialist models of democracy and development; and class themselves as such. In other words, our study covers all contemporary states claiming a marxist-leninist ideology and whose constitutions reflect this political philosophy. Our study also sheds light on the human rights commission, a body set up in february 1946 and attached to the economic and social council of the un. The first part of the study presents the attitudes of the socialist states during the elaboration of international instruments such as the international declaration of human rights, specific declarations and agreements, and the various studies undertaken by members of the commission or experts attached to the sub-commission on human rights. Where the socialist states are concerned, human rights cover the entire social and economic entity which is represented by society. They consider that the recognition of international legal qualities to the individual means a limitation and weakening of state sovereignty. The socialist community supports the third world countries in their demand for a new world economic order and for a right to development. The interest of the second part of our study resides in the contradictory approach of socialist states to the application of international human rights norms and procedures
Moulay, Zaïda. "La protection de l'integrité de la personne par le Comité des droits de l'homme". Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10014.
Pełny tekst źródłaDe, Franco Rispoli Alves Eduardo. "La diplomatie brésilienne des droits de l'homme au sein des Nations Unies". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLempinen, Miko. "The United Nations Commission on Human Rights and the different treatment of governments : an inseparable part of promoting and encouraging respect for human rights? /". Åbo : Åbo Akad. Förl, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/489167705.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNougaret, Gilles. "Les droits de l'homme dans l'action du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100067.
Pełny tekst źródłaTabbal, Michel. "Les sessions extraordinaires du Conseil des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020042.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpecial sessions are one of the major innovations of the reform that established the Human Rights Council in 2006 as a subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly. While the Council holds three regular sessions each year, a special session allows States to respond to an urgent situation by organizing a debate, to assess and qualify violations and also to establish investigative mechanisms. The systematic analysis of the twenty-six special sessions held in nearly a period of twelve years illuminates, not only the balance of power between the actors involved, but also a new dynamic of international law, integrating international humanitarian law and international criminal law into the field of competence of the Human Rights Council
Nene, Bi Arsène Désiré. "L’effectivité des droits de l’enfant en côte d'Ivoire : entre normes internationales et réalités locales". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3034.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe effectiveness of children’s rights in Ivory Coast is subject to a constant and fragile tension between the international standards that proclaim these rights and guarantee them and the local realities that are those of a developing country. In addition, for more than ten years, Ivory Coast has faced serious problems of political and social instability because of an armed crisis that has destabilized protection regimes in all areas where they previously existed. Could the situation of the protection of the rights of the child, mainly from international origin and placed under international control, escape this context? The thesis shows that the integration into Ivorian national law of international standards of protection through a wide participation of Ivory Coast in most instruments protecting both human rights in general and the rights of the child in particular, just as the national translation of these rights according to constitutional requirements into important legislation could give a sense of effectiveness. However, this feeling is fake. The effectiveness of these rights, when challenged by the realities of the country, falls under the weight of manifestations of violations as diverse as unacceptable. This is why measures for improved effectiveness are recommended. Their implementation could guarantee a better future for all children in Ivory Coast
Adeoussi, Claudia. "La vocation de l'ONU au service de l'homme à la lumière de la pratique de la tolérance entre les États". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0245.
Pełny tekst źródłaCombaz, Emilie. "Négocier l'atrocité : la torture comme question multilatérale, 1945-2009 : une étude comparative (Nations Unies, Conseil de l'Europe, Organisation des Etats américains)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe dissertation, grounded in historical and political sociology, shows why and how the issue of torture was brought up (or not) and addressed between 1945 and 2009, at the UN, the Council of Europe and the OAS. Five intriguing features of the issue are first noted. A comparative history of the issue is then presented: pre-histories (going back to the 19th century) and beginnings (1945-1950); the 1951-1972 period, including developments that were limited but sometimes forerunning; the pivotal year of 1973 and its prolongations (1973-1989); the years 1990-1998, with a relative consensus on the rejection of torture; and a period of crisis (1999-2009), marked by radical state contestations and their limits. Finally, the dissertation shows what multilateralism does to the issue of torture, and vice versa. It sheds light on the individual and collective multilateral game on that topic, through its actors, institutions and systems. Moreover, what is said multilaterally about torture as an object, a problem and a social fact is looked into (political substance, form and borders). The study gives grounds for the following conclusion: after powerful sets of states opened up (sometimes involuntary) opportunities for mobilization and increased generality on torture, during the 1940s-1960s, figurations made up of a variety of actors – insiders endowed with significant capacity to act and a commitment or a specialization against torture – used, from the 1970s on, existing arrangements to generate specific developments against torture, as multilateral bodies gradually became more autonomous, and as a field relating to torture and a complex against torture then became established
Schmitt, Daisy. "Les fonds internationaux en faveur des victimes de violations des droits de l'homme et du droit international humanitaire". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D006/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile crime victim assistance policy became part of the law of many countries at the end of the last century, it has permeated the international order as well. To finance this policy, the United Nations (UN) has set up several funds for victims of varied human rights violations. The International Criminal Court (ICC) itself created a financing – and implementing – tool for administering reparations it orders : its Trust Fund for Victims (TVF), that aims at guaranteeing the effectiveness of restorative justice, is a pioneering initiative in the field of international criminal justice. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the effectiveness of these mechanisms as victim aid instruments by investigating the causes of their efficiency or ineffectiveness in their operational rules, financing strategies, modes of action and nature of their legal personality. Our exploration of the little known legal category of international funds for victims of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law is revealing a mixed picture that enables to consider transposing procedures, strategies and interpretations implemented by some funds or other national or international finance institutions, into schemes where assistance to victims is not adequate. However, the political will of states often continues to be a key driver. The potential of those mechanisms remains underused at the expense of victims
Shaygan, Farideh. "La compatibilité des sanctions économiques du Conseil de sécurité avec les droits de l'homme et le droit international humanitaire". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111001.
Pełny tekst źródłaBockondas, Serge. "L' ONU et l'assistance électorale". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010326.
Pełny tekst źródłaAktypis, Spyridon. "L'institution de la légitime défense en droit international : du droit naturel à l'ordre public international". Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020029.
Pełny tekst źródłaMunsch, Catherine. ""Action humanitaire et droit international public" Etude des incidences de l'action humanitaire sur le droit international public". Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR1003.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcGoldrick, Dominic. "Human Rights Committee : its role in the development of the international covenant on civil and political rights /". Oxford : Clarendon press, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb373129241.
Pełny tekst źródłaDe, Melo e. Silva Fabia. "La notion de procès équitable selon la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l'Homme au regard de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne et du Comité des droits de l'Homme des Nations Unies : vers une spécificité latino-américaine". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010292.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study aimed to understand the interpretative dynamics of the Inter-American Court in the construction of the Inter-American notion of due process, taking into account the “permeability" of this judicial body vis-à-vis the jurisprudential production of the European Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Human Rights of the United Nations in this regard. This “permeability" corresponds to a movement inspired by the Court of San Jose on the jurisprudence of the Iwo abovementioned organs, as well as on normative elements from other normative spaces that emerged from this research. The basis of the legitimacy of such an approach is found in the Charter of the United Nations more specifically in Articles 55, c and 56. If in the development of the material guarantees of due process (institutional and procedural), an accentuated movement of inspiration was seen regarding the instrumental guarantees (guarantees of access to justice and effective justice guarantees), their development has been marked by a movement of emancipation of the Court who does transpire inter-American specificity. These movements of inspiration and empowerment can adopt multiple "faces". In addition to these movements, it was observed a circulation of rules among the three systems and where no movement was explicitly seen, but a jurisprudential compatibility has been found, we call alignment jurisprudential. The movement of circulation of rules among systems reinforces the existence of a minimum set of guarantees of due process to be observed by countries
Alabd, Hatem. "La responsabilité de l’Organisation des Nations Unies dans le cadre de la protection internationale des Droits de l’Homme". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA003.
Pełny tekst źródłaIf you could take one thing from our thesis is the following: the responsibility of the UN in the protection of Human Rights was born without actually due, it is an indirect responsibility: Here are the director of this thesis online .Throughout the foregoing, we have tried to take on the UN responsibility for the international protection of human rights.The purpose of the analysis was both to define the content of the concept of UN responsibility, any legal basis and its implementation
Zašova, Svetlana. "Le régime juridique des agents onusiens du maintien de la paix : entre autonomie de l'organisation internationale et articulation des ordres juridiques". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010307.
Pełny tekst źródłaAl-Jaff, Jalal. "Les Nations-Unies et la protection des minorités". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30024.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor a long time, international law was only regulating conflicts between states, with the absolute exclusion of other bodies. In fact, the destiny of minorities as well as other subjects was under the exclusive competence of the sovereign states. During the XXe century, an important revolution occured, either on the international level or on the national level. With the creation of the SDN after the first world wai, the protection of minorities became an institution of international law. However, the system built up by the SDN was unequal and difficult. What can the new international organisation do against this problem ? In fact, since the quasi-entire solution given to the colonial question, one problem became more and more important, namely among the afro-asian countries, the problem of minorities. The problem fo minorities is today a very actual topic. He is may be less actual in Western Europe than in other countries, like Udssr or Yougoslavia, Middle-east and Asia. He is also present in Africa where boundaries have been made by the colonial powers without any connection with some ethnic considerations. Lastly, the latino-american countries are faced with problems regarding indian authochtone populations. Against this problem, what can the united-nations do ? What minorities can be protected ? Is it sufficient to declare some principles in some texts without any application in order to protect minorities ? What are the mechanisms of implementation of these garanties ? How can the states implicate the provisions adopted by the United-nations ? The principal task of this normative principal indicated by the United-nations is a responsability of the member states. An international garanty is comulsory for the control of the implementation in a right manner of these principals by the member states
Lassée, Isabelle. "Les missions d'établissement des faits des Nations Unies sur les violations graves et massives du droit international des droits de l'homme et du droit international humanitaire : entre uniformité et diversité". Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020014/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo respond appropriately to violations of human rights and humanitarian law, the United Nations requires an in-depth knowledge of the facts alleged and a better understanding of the relevant situation on the ground. To this end, United Nations organs including the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Secretary General, the Human Rights Council and even the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights may create fact-finding missions. These missions are collegial ad hoc bodies created in response to human rights and humanitarian law violations that are particularly grave. Their functions generally include establishing the facts, conducting a legal appraisal of facts, and making recommendations for the cessation of violations and for their remedy. In the past twenty years, United Nations organs have increasingly resorted to these missions – often referred to as commissions of inquiry – in particular when violations of international human rights and international humanitarian law may amount to international crimes. In this respect, transitional justice theory and the doctrine of the responsibility to protect provide new perspectives for fact-finding. The objectives and functions of these missions have therefore diversified. However, some states and scholars criticize the ad hoc creation of the missions, their often politicized mandate, and their methods of work. We will elaborate on this tension between uniformity and diversity and propose some solutions. These proposals will aim at addressing the issues raised by scholars as well as maximizing the missions’ impact on stakeholders’ response to the situation
Meotti, Pascale. "La lutte contre l'exploitation des enfants : étude de droit international public". Dijon, 1999. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4b51cbb4-3f6d-43e6-9fca-7926b65752fb.
Pełny tekst źródłaKone, Amara. "Le discours américain de la protection internationale des droits de l'homme Contribution à l'étude de la mise en œuvre du droit international". Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3056.
Pełny tekst źródłaThere is a double tension, reflected by the internal and international implementation of the International Law, in the determining of the American view of the international protection of Human Rights. The United States considers its internal legal order as largely impregnated with Human Rights norms, which justify its international commitments to a greater or lesser extents towards international Human Rights protection norms.However, an overview of the Bill of Rights particularly, which is composed of the ten first Amendments of the Federal Constitution and reputed to gather the main constitutional provisions of the protection of rights, reveal some insufficiencies, included concerning the civil and political rights to which the Federation attach a great value.Moreover, international law is a permanent stake of the American view of the international protection of Human Rights, as confirmed by the Offences Clause and the Supremacy Clause of the Federal legal order related to the treaties, enshrined in the Constitution. yet that is where the American commitment towards customary international law and the treaties to which it has adhered is questionable.Finally, institutionally the American view is perceived more as the result of the protection of American national interest than the implementation of contemporary international order as imposed by the United Nations Charter
Ognimba, Kellie-Shandra. "La politisation des Droits de l'Homme et le défi de la coopération universelle". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010314/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPoliticization remains a major challenge to the universal implementation of human rights. Politicization originates from the tensions between article 1 and article 2 of the UN Charter. It also derives from the difference in nature between States actors and non-governmental entities acting within the UN, including NGOs, experts, and the OHCHR. Tensions between both category of actors are therefore inevitable and lead to politicization. While, politicization is unavoidable, it cannot be accepted. Indeed, the political instrumentalization of human rights leads to a hierarchy between the different rights, and to the marginalization of individuals, including groups. There is no doubt that politicization represents an obstacle to the international cooperation in the field of human rights within the UN. The UN should develop a proper human rights policy, truly enshrined in the principle of universality in order to tackle politicization, which effects become more and more prejudicial to human rights, as the deep erosion of the most basic human rights, including the prohibition of torture, in the name of national security while countering terrorism has demonstrated it
Napoli, Claudia. "L'ONU face aux "pratiques traditionnelles néfastes" à l'égard de l'enfant africain". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G010.
Pełny tekst źródłaGambaraza, Marc. "Le statut juridique de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’Homme". Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020073/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe legal status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was subject to controversy at the time it was adopted, has evolved since then. At the international level, the Universal Declaration has become part of the United Nations legal corpus and has been recognized as a binding instrument by publicists and judicial and quasi-judicial bodies. At the national level, it has been incorporated into many domestic legal systems following dynamics related to four trans-regional areas (Common Law, Latin America, Europe and Africa). This double evolution has changed the intrinsic status of the UDHR, which is now part of the non-conventional sources of mandatory law, though some legal systems deny its binding force. Its applicability is therefore based on the formulation of the rights it contains
Ouedraogo, Ahmed Sidwaouga. "Les états africains et la justice pénale internationale". Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe International Criminal Court is the symbol of the international criminal justice because it is the first international permanent criminal jurisdiction in the world. Furthermore, the African States represent the most important group in term of members States. However, the international criminal court prosecutes only individuals, responsible for the violation of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. And since the beginning of the Court activities, African citizens were prosecuted and the first condemnation of the International Criminal Court is about an African. Then, due to these situations, some opinions inside African States think that the Court was created for Africans. The international criminal justice is not limited to the International criminal Court and has implications in global skills such as democracy, good governance, human rights and peace. The African States particularly suffer for lack of democracy and the international criminal justice is a way for these countries to develop themselves by building peace and justice
Dondasse, Tiga Dieudonné. "Les sanctions internationales contre l'Afrique du Sud : contribution à l'étude de la coercition internationale". Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLC0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiametrically opposed to the peremptory norm of non-discrimination, apartheid is a violation of international law in several ways, mainly of the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other legal instruments. It was characterized as crime against humanity, modern slavery or political genocide policies, and above all a terrorist state, which practiced torture, bantoustanization, massive transfer of population, resulted of homeland policy and its concomitant denationalization. The sui generis occupation of Namibia, violence, destabilization and even war against front line states, refusal of implementing United Nations resolutions against starget states were too violative of il. To refuse, notwithstanding the illegality of apartheid, international coercion, articles 2,7, 27,3, 39 are interpreted in order to protect the apartheid regime. If sanction a phenomenon of power, the weakness of claiming states produced this result. So, only a mandatory embargo was decided during near fifty years, and it came too late and was too little. Above all, sanctions busters, many kind of upholders, and questionable interpretation of il, negotiations policy, or specialized institution of United Nations, mainly the financial ones, the inclusion of apartheid state in east-west ideological confrontation, prevented the right characterization and the subsequent correct punishment it lacked real sanctions and bona fide implementation. Certainty the wrong fact, certitude of sanction must have been automatically and quickly decided, because time factor is a key one of the success of coercion, so are neutrality of states, solidarity. . . . States disjoined practices, questionable interpretation of past precedents, graduation of sanctions, the a priori exclusion of undisputed legal sanctions, like. .
Hamadi, Hakim. "Recherches sur l'ordre public familial". Toulon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUL0060.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe decline of family public order was emphasized many times. It ought to be restored today. Based on an inductive methodology aimed at determining its origins beyond art. 6 of the civil code, the nature of family public order became clearer. On a theoretical basis, it governs the relation between State and family. It is thus at the heart of family issues. Its functional nature, which is axiologic and unitary, strenghens its cohesion and provides for an answer to all questions relating to the norm's imperative implementation, to the unavailability of rights, to its sources pr its substance. On a substantive plan, the family public order's evolutions paved by quality and freedom rest on the internal layout of its individual and statutory significance which favour conservatism or family innovation depending on the balance achieved. This ideal public ordrer spreads out in the social area through the management of conflict and the subtle use of santions. It has many defenders and its implementation is achieved by the use of techniques aimaing at avoiding conflicts as well as a procedural-oriented approach of conflict and a negociated solution to disputes. The nullity which is not subject to a classical distinction, is just one of the possible options. The negative sanctions, such as the nonexistence, the cancellation and caducity complete the list of positive sanctions as various as forfeit and private penalties. Family public order as an inter-institutional order is absolutely not declening. It contributes on the contrary to he democratic preservation of the relevant family institution
Ducroquetz, Florence. "L’Union européenne et le maintien de la paix". Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 2001, the EU has conducted more than twenty military operations and civilian missions, and is now seen as one of the leading organizations in the field of peacekeeping. For a long time perceived as an intergovernmental organization, the establishment of an integrated structure for crisis management into the heart of the organization, as well as the delegation of this crisis management to the different European organs, have contributed to the gradual empowerment of the EU toward its member states. This process of becoming autonomous is also evident in the international legal order. A large set of rules thus applies to the EU due to its involvement in the international legal order, including rules relating to the international responsibility for regional organizations. The effective intervention of the European Union in the field of peacekeeping – as a regional organization– is in keeping with an unclear legal framework. However, the phenomen on of regionalization could have been interpreted as prejudicing the collective security system established by the UN Charter.Two aspects of the effective intervention of the European Union call for analysis : the conformity of its action to the UN framework and its contribution to the evolution of peacekeeping
Fahandej-Saadi, Ardavan. "L’interaction entre la souveraineté des Etats et les droits de la personne humaine : vers la responsabilité de protéger". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100199.
Pełny tekst źródłaThrough crystallization of the right and responsibility to intervene to protect the international community tries to bridge the gap between morality and legality of the interference for the protection of human rights. As interference in human protection purposes, since the end of the Cold War, found a legal basis for customary and does not correspond to an exceptional act may be justified in certain circumstances. With this approach, in case of failure of the Security Council in the implementation of military interference, regional organizations could without authorization "prior" and "precise" Security Council, commit armed interference. The study of the legal status of the UN and practices since the end of the Cold War, shows that if the right of intervention and the responsibility to protect has not yet found a foundation "live" in international conventions, however, they can find a legal basis in customary international law. Indeed, analysis of the value of UN resolutions and customary law elements of interference and the responsibility to protect demonstrate how resolutions 43/131 and 45/100 of the General Assembly inaugurated the process the right of intervention and the responsibility to protect. And since the 1990s, the practice of the Security Council, illustrated by a large number of resolutions that led to the implementation of operations just as many, and the practice of States and regional organizations to provide a legal body interference for human protection and leave no doubt about the legal nature of the latter
Neglia, Maddalena. "Imprese multinazionali e diritti umani : i principi guida delle Nazioni Unite e la loro attuazione nel contesto dell'Unione europea". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1029.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe twofold aim of the research is to study how the international soft law standards laid down in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human rights (UNGPs) are shaping both the European and the National legislations, and what are the further developments expected. The first chapter explores the (lack of) responsibility of MNEs in international law and in front of national courts. In this scenario, the role of international soft law has been particularly important. The second chapter examines three different public codes of conduct regulating MNEs, The OECD Guidelines for multinational corporations, the ILO Tripartite Declaration and the UN Norms. This analysis serves to give the reader a clearer idea of the context in which the UNGPs has seen the light. The third chapter is entirely dedicated to the analysis of the UN Guiding Principles endorsed in 2011 and of their three pillar, with a special focus on the State duty to protect. Finally, the fourth chapter analyses, through a comparative method, the UNGPs implementation in the EU and in some Member states. It concludes that the UN Guiding Principles are largely influencing the European policy in this sector, and that both the European Union and the Member states are implementing this policy through several measures, both voluntary and mandatory. Finally, the research intends to make a contribution to the debate on the increasing role of international soft law in solving challenges of a globalized world where the State sovereignty principle has lost importance
Nikolaeva, Desislava. "Le droit de la diplomatie préventive : étude de la règle de prévention en droit international public contemporain". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA009.
Pełny tekst źródłaInternational law regulates States’ diplomacy for the purpose of preventing insecurity, and, by extension, armed conflicts. Accordingly, the law of preventive diplomacy reflects, in a sense, the idea that prevention of imminent risks of serious material damages defines a general principle of international law. The assertion of such a principle is based on an inductive analysis of the major treaties on collective security concluded between 1899 and 1945. It is verified in light of their application by Member States of the League of Nations and, since 1945, of the United Nations. The general nature of this principle is deduced from a combined study of the jurisprudence of a number of international courts and tribunals in various fields of international law. Those findings support the idea that individual and collective efforts of conflict prevention are subject to the respect of a general legal regime governing the current international system of peace-maintenance and collective security
Bambara, Serge. "La sécurité humaine, paradigme de garantie de la paix et de la sécurité internationales". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman security is a concept that was officially drawn out in the UNDP’s 1994 report on human development. In this report the concept was introduced as an alternative to human development and then became institutionalised as a response to contemporary preoccupations related to security matters. Human security therefore relates to threats to individuals, which are not only different to those that jeopardise State security but relate to the physical security and well-being of individuals.International peace and security factors were subsequently revised from a conceptual perspective, shifting from a State security-based focus to a focus on the global security of individuals.In the dynamics of human security, the international order’s normative system is shifting, especially owing to the growing importance of human rights and international humanitarian law in the legal order. Similarly, ensuring human security will redefine the objectives and activities of collective security. In this respect, the United Nations plays a crucial role. The Organisation will develop new competences in terms of peacekeeping and will carry out new operations for the benefit of human security. This renewed effort will reinforce many international stakeholders who will develop competences and establish organisations to contribute significantly to the security and protection of individuals and larger to the international peace
González, González Verónica. "“Lo indígena" tratado por les organizaciones internacionales : Los casos de la UNESCO y de la FAO". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe activities of the United Nations, and its predecessor, the League of Nations, has been fundamental to determining the position which the collectivities recognized today as “indigenous peoples” have occupied in the international political field. Adopting a social constructivist approach, this thesis posits that the behaviour of international organizations vis-à-vis indigenous peoples is rooted in processes which date back centuries and which have been codified in the “identities” of these institutions. This historical baggage has subsequently been remolded in different historical and political contexts (the colonial system, the decolonization era, and the contemporary postcolonial scenario), transforming the set of categories, knowledge, and norms which these organizations have associated with indigenous peoples, and which we refer to as “lo indígena”, into an object which has had distinct meanings and connotations throughout the years.With the assistance of tools borrowed from the disciplines of political anthropology and international law, this thesis analyzes, from a historical perspective, the manner in which UNESCO and FAO have treated “lo indígena”. Until the nineties, these organizations had, in the main, constructed a relation with indigenous peoples which reproduced the domination the State exerted over them in the context of the Westphalian system. The thesis illustrates that today, encouraged by the institutionalization of indigenous issues in the UN, in particular following the adoption of the Declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples in 2007, this relation is gradually changing. The initiatives being implemented by these specialized agencies, in order to satisfy the expectations which this new international context has given rise to, reflect an initial step in institutional transformation. They nevertheless open a window of opportunity for indigenous peoples to have a role in the construction of their own realities and, in doing so, to realize their political aspirations at national and international levels
El trabajo realizado por la ONU, así como el de su predecesora, la Sociedad de Naciones, ha sido fundamental en la determinación del lugar que las colectividades que hoy día se reconocen como “pueblos indígenas” han ocupado en el campo político internacional. Partiendo de un enfoque constructivista social, consideramos que el comportamiento de las organizaciones internacionales frente a los pueblos indígenas encuentra sus raíces en procesos que remontan a muchos siglos y que se han codificado en sus “identidades”. Ese bagaje ha interactuado con coyunturas históricas y políticas precisas (el sistema colonial, la descolonización y el escenario postcolonial contemporáneo), volviendo lo indígena (un conjunto de categorías, conocimiento y normas que esas organizaciones han asociado a los pueblos indígenas) un objeto que ha tenido significados diferentes a lo largo de los años. Con la ayuda de herramientas de antropología política, así como de derecho internacional, analizamos en perspectiva histórica el tratamiento de lo indígena en la UNESCO y la FAO. Hasta los años noventas, esas organizaciones construyeron una relación con los pueblos indígenas que reproducía la dominación que sobre ellos recayó en el marco del sistema internacional westfaliano. Demostramos que actualmente esa relación cambia de manera gradual, en el marco de la institucionalización de las “cuestiones indígenas” en la ONU y, de modo particular, tras la adopción de la Declaración de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en 2007. Si las iniciativas de esos organismos especializados para satisfacer las expectativas del nuevo contexto reflejan aún los primeros estadios de una transformación institucional, éstas abren una ventana de oportunidad para que los pueblos indígenas tengan un rol en la construcción de su realidad y, por lo tanto, para que concreticen sus ambiciones políticas, a nivel nacional e internacional
Tissier-Raffin, Marion. "La qualité de refugié de l’article 1 de la Convention de Genève à la lumiere des jurisprudences occidentales : (Australie – Belgique – Canada – Etats-Unis – France – Grande-Bretagne – Nouvelle-Zélande)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100092.
Pełny tekst źródłaSixty years after its signatory, who can be qualify as a refugee under the 1951 Refugee Convention relating to the Status of Refugee ? If it is one of the most ratified treaty of the world, it’s relevance have nevertheless recently been questioned and some commentators don’t hesitate to speak of an outdated Convention. Moreover, it applies in a political context of clear suspicion against asylum-seekers. So, we can wonder who can nowadays qualify as a refugee among the million of persons fleeing their home ? To answer to this question, the study focuses on judicial review of many industrialized countries, such as Australia – Belgium – Canada – United States – France – Great-Britain and New Zealand. A systemic interpretation of Article 1A and its judicial interpretation in the light of both international human right law and international humanitarian law also helps to conduce the study. First, the analyse reveals that it is not on the motives of persecution neither the nature of the treatment feared that we can observe similarities or differences between the countries. It is on individual or collective persecutions. When asylum seekers look for international protection based on individual persecutions, States have commonly adopted a dynamic interpretation of article 1A . Persons who have a well-founded fear of being persecuted because they have freely express their dissent political or religious opinion, their sexual orientation, or because they refuse to conform to the roles and identities attributing to their gender, can be recognised as refugees in all the countries of the study. In the context of individual persecutions, States have also commonly developed an evolutive interpretation of the persecution agents. They protect all the persons who risk to be persecuted by state agents or non-state agents. On the contrary, there are many continuing and growing divergences between States when persons flee collective persecutions because of their race, their nationality of their belonging to a religious group. They keep on developing a different interpretation of the individualist definition of the refugee. And while more and more person ask for international protection because they flee collective persecutions during an armed conflict, these divergences are even more important
Yassine, Samar. "Le Conseil de sécurité et la lutte contre le terrorisme". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn his fight against terrorism, the action of Security Council has witnessed an enormous progress. This progress was seen on both normative and institutional aspects leading towards a diversification of the counter terrorism mechanisms. The necessity of its definition seems be bypassed on the benefit of its eradication and suppression especially because of its gradual mutation and the highly powers given to its perpetrators. The United Nations Security Council concentrates its effort, in the mechanisms of counter terrorism, by increasing its normative powers towards a legislative one by gaining considerable prerogatives. On the institutional aspect, the Security Council has monopolized the maintain of international peace and security task, by giving the General Assembly a residual and facultative role. This power regaining is reflected on his ability to create subsidiary organs, especially after the 11th of September 2001. The amplification of the counter terrorism mechanisms was materialized by the submergence of old and fundamental aspects in international public law such as the concept of self-defense. A concept that will jeopardize the collective security system when States will unilaterally will use military force in their counter terrorism quest
Castillo, Justine. "Les interprètes de la Convention de Genève du 28 juillet 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés : Étude du point de vue de la France". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0062/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMore than sixty years after its adoption, the Geneva Convention counts 145 States ascontracting Parties. This universal legal instrument on refugee’s status represents the lex specialis ofinternational refugee Law. Who can be a refugee? What can be his level of protection? These questionsare particularly relevant under the influence of the increasing population flows, the multiples crises andthe fight against terrorism. The current context of the Convention’s application is different than the one ofits adoption. And due to its general provisions, this Convention needs to be interpreted in order to beapplied. However, there is no sole interpreter. The States, the United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees and the International Court of Justice are indeed the official interpreters, but not the only onesensuring this mission. Not only the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons andthe National Court of Asylum play an important role in this matter, but the European Court of HumanRights and the Court of Justice of the European Union also play an expanding role. This multiplicity ofinterpreters can induce a variety of interpretations. Nevertheless, a divergent interpretation can affect thereadability and the visibility of the Convention as a refugee defining and protective legal instrument. Thepresent study constitutes an analysis of the interpreters’ contribution to the Convention’s developments. Inthis perspective, the overgrowth of European and International Human Rights Law instrument and thecomplexity of forced migration are ineluctable feature, taken into account by the interpreters, to clarify themeaning and the scope of the Convention
Pontbriand, Joanne. "Le processus de construction de normes internationales pour la reconnaissance du droit à un recours et à réparation des victimes de violations flagrantes du droit international des droits de l'homme et de violations graves du droit international humanitaire". Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2912/1/M11342.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarsalou, Olivier. "La guerre froide, les États-Unis et la genèse de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'Homme, 1945-1948". Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1091/1/M10173.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaperrière, Marie-Neige. "Critique néogramscienne des rapports du représentant spécial du secrétaire général des Nations Unies concernant les violations commises contre les droits humains par les firmes transnationales". Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3008/1/M11381.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesrochers, Giroux Isabeau. "Négociations climatiques et mesures d'adaptation : la prise en compte des droits humains en droit international des changements climatiques". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19411.
Pełny tekst źródła