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Cisse, Ousmane. "L’assistance administrative, en matière fiscale, dans l’union européenne". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131045.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe administrative assistance, in tax matters, in the European Union
Bénichou, Delphine. "Le conseil constitutionnel, juge fiscal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Constitutional Council largely thwarted all the constituent's predictions in the particular field of tax legislation. Although he is not a tax judge by law, he has succeeded in establishing himself as protector – now essential – of the rights and interests of the taxpayer, affirming both his singular place and his irreducible difference. He does not owe this position – at least not solely – to the remarkable and noted intensity of the constitutionalization movement which has affected tax law over the last 30 years. It draws it above all from the powerful link made up of reciprocal utilities which unites it to its own tax jurisprudence. Using tax litigation to perfect and energize its control of constitutionality, the specificities of constitutional tax litigation have allowed it to build itself as the source of authority that everyone knows – welcomes or regrets – today, both in the internal order than in the external order
Tran, Christophe. "Les manifestations juridiques et fiscales du protectionnisme de l'Union : essai sur un mode durable de régulation du libre-échange". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G004.
Pełny tekst źródłaEuropean Law seems quite reluctant to trigger the opposite side of liberalism under the general term of protectionism. Thus, the legal and fiscal demonstrations of this type of protectionism from the EU do exist, as various in quality as in intensity, and challenge the lawyer towards the goal achieved by the sovereign entity that implements it. Willing to protect a proper and superior interest within its boundaries or willing to dominate world trade with defence instruments supporting trade war, can protectionism be lawfully based or economically and politically valuable? Is the combination possible? In a prospective way, sustainable development requirement contained in Union law, which goes increasingly relevant with regards to ecological crisis, urges the lawyer to rethink protectionism under a sustainable way that exceeds the only economical dimension. This research is dedicated to solving these hypotheses, with assumed – but nuanced – annoyance with Union law economic freedoms of movement
De, Rocca-Serra Philippe. "L'autonomie financière locale : approche constitutionnelle et perspectives d'évolution". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0396.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur study focuses on the evolution of the acceptance of the principle of local financial autonomy, associated with a pluralist approach exploring its peripheral but also supranational definition, in the light of a constitutional case law dealing with it at least in the framework of the respect of the principle of equality. Constitutional rules, as safeguards, fade away against a policy of control of public deficits and debt widely intertwined with that of the European treaties favoring a funnel approach imposing coercive measures to the central power and extending, through its ramifications, to local and regional authorities as fiscal adjustment variables in the service of public finances. In such a context marked by a financial recentralisation shifting away from the original precepts of the idea of decentralization, will the prospects of constitutional reform and recasting of local taxation be able to move towards greater autonomy or even a semi-federalism going beyond the current conceptions or will they be reduced to the writing of at least sibylline provisions operating a necessarily asymptotic evolution regarding the respect of supranational rules of budgetary restriction?
Peyronnet, Chloé. "Le standard migratoire de l’Union européenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe concept of migratory standard refers to what we identified, in the framework of EU law, as a device regulating member States’ obligation, stemming from this very legal order, to integrate UE citizens and non-UE citizens. This device relies on economic worth and social worth indicia so that, at every step of one’s integration journey, the host member State only have an obligation to integrate in so far as this integration does not threaten the cohesion of its social community. These indicia, however, are overarchingly irrigated by a paradigmatic hierarchy of nationality. This hierarchy stems from the way in which the notion of UE citizenship is construed, namely by opposition to non-UE individuals. The regulation of the obligation to integrate purposely narrows down the rights of non-UE individuals to be integrated. This structural restriction is supposed to preserve member States’ ability to integrate UE citizens within their national social community. At the same time, liberal values claimed to be at the core of UE law conflicts with the idea of inequality of rights. This concern over inequality is translated by the attempt to restrict the right of entry into the territory of member States to those who meet economic worth and social worth expectations as they are deemed less likely to exert pressure on national social cohesion. The dynamics and relations between the development of the free movement of persons within the UE and the concurring development of the countering of illegal immigration and abuse of asylum rights are at the core of what the concept of migratory standard attempts to shed light on
He, Linxin. "Droits sociaux fondamentaux et Droit de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D028/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the present storms of economic, immigration and nationalist crises, it seems that the strengthening of the EU depends more than ever on its commitment to democracy, rule of law, respect for human dignity and its social dimension. If it is no longer doubtful that the EU is founded by these principles through its primary law, their signification – or more exactly their implementation – is still disturbed by the contradictions in the practices of European institutions. The implementation of fundamental social rights is one of the major challenges in this situation. Indeed, “Europe will be social or there shall be no Europe”. Although these rights are proclaimed by EU law and other legal systems in Europe and around the world, they are still treated as rights of a secondary zone, in contrast with civil and political rights. In order to study this contrast, my thesis proposes a theoretical and methodological approach. By using a “concretistic” method, this thesis would argue that these rights cannot be reduced to political declarations. On the contrary, they have the mission to structure EU law, since they not only vest individuals with rights, but also constitute an objective system of values which determines the development of EU law
Morin, Marie-Eve. "Le système pénal de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0392/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDefined by the Europe court of human rights (ECHR), the EU extend its scope of action beyond the definition of « penal » as found in the EU law. Seen as a whole, taken the characteristics and models of already existing law systems, the different elements of the EU law scope can be put together like a jigsaw puzzle, revealing pieces after pieces the general picture. The penal scope of the EU isn’t just about regulations anymore. It acts as a legal system - a set of elements interacting with one another, evolving in set environment, structured to meet set up goals, taking action on its environment and evolving with time without losing its identity/nature. Its penal ideology and restrictive tendencies are not innovative, but its structure, on the other hand, replicate the atypical trait of the EU
Forster, Ninon. "La responsabilité sans faute de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. https://www-stradalex-eu.passerelle.univ-rennes1.fr/fr/se_mono/toc/RESFAUE.
Pełny tekst źródłaOften invoked in actions for damages before the Court of Justice of the European Union to overcome obstacles to the engagement of the European Union's extra-contractual liability, nofault liability is a vague concept whose definition, nature and very existence are contested. However, the study of this concept, based on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, reveals an original Praetorian construction based on the influence of national laws on public liability. Liability without fault has acquired, with the judgments of the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, a consistency which makes it appear to be a legal category comprising several liability regimes in which proof of wrongful activity by the institutions of the European Union or its agents is not necessary to engage in non-contractual liability. However, no-fault liability is hardly an effective legal remedy available to individuals because of the judge's reluctance to expressly recognize it as a principle of extra-contractual liability and because of the rigorous interpretation of the conditions of its validity
Lebon, Lydia. "La territorialité et l’Union européenne : approches de droit public". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40016.
Pełny tekst źródłaJuxtaposing the concept of “territoriality” and the European Union is a rather original analysis in so far as territoriality is traditionally associated with the State and with sovereignty. The term "territoriality" in itself, despite its "original sin", that is to say its polysemous feature, can be used favourably to reveal the potential of comparing a political system in the making with a State-related principle. Given the changes that the State is undergoing and the development of globalisation and the internationalization of relations, the comparison between “territoriality” and the EU would indicate, at first sight, that the former loses its relevance within the Union. The EU was indeed built upon the removal of borders and the creation of a “unified” territory. The weakening of territoriality is examined in this study which also offers an original, cross-cutting approach to the topic from a public law perspective. The divergence between the legal systems of each nation results in transnational situations and requires new legal approaches which profoundly alter national frameworks. However, the European Union is not an abstract or unreal entity; it is the product of its Member States, based upon the territoriality of these States, which, to a certain extent, bring their own specificities. Consequently, comparing territoriality and the European Union is more complex than a simplistic understanding of the two concepts may imply and leads more to a demonstration of dialectic tension
Damiens, Audrey. "La procédure en droit international privé : recherche en droit de l’Union européenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe issue of procedure in private international law seems simple, at first glance, to solve as the jurisdiction of the law of the forum is imbued with evidence. This is from the perspective of private international law methods - especially the conflict method and method of the substantive rules - as part of the action of the European Union that reflection has been developed. The position of the last in the first two sources justifies this position. The evidence of the rule above quickly felt. It conducts to douter the relevance of the use of conflict method to solve the difficulties that regional institution intends to annihilate in disputes involving a foreign element. But the difficulties of definition of the category procedure quickly hold the attention also. It thus appears a first field of action of the Union, already explored, but must be completed. However, the construction of the European judicial area – because there is the objective - seems to require, by the admission of the European authorities, contain procedural disparities. These are the substantive rules themselves that appear often ask questions in cross-border disputes by making it dificult in particular the free movement of judgments. So it is to this second method of private international law that the European Union had to turn. The vocation of the Union to act having been established, and a quick inventory of the achievement have been drawn up, it could be sought substantive rules that seemed necessary. Beyond these, the conflict method ensures the completeness of the system
Damiens, Audrey. "La procédure en droit international privé : recherche en droit de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe issue of procedure in private international law seems simple, at first glance, to solve as the jurisdiction of the law of the forum is imbued with evidence. This is from the perspective of private international law methods - especially the conflict method and method of the substantive rules - as part of the action of the European Union that reflection has been developed. The position of the last in the first two sources justifies this position. The evidence of the rule above quickly felt. It conducts to douter the relevance of the use of conflict method to solve the difficulties that regional institution intends to annihilate in disputes involving a foreign element. But the difficulties of definition of the category procedure quickly hold the attention also. It thus appears a first field of action of the Union, already explored, but must be completed. However, the construction of the European judicial area – because there is the objective - seems to require, by the admission of the European authorities, contain procedural disparities. These are the substantive rules themselves that appear often ask questions in cross-border disputes by making it dificult in particular the free movement of judgments. So it is to this second method of private international law that the European Union had to turn. The vocation of the Union to act having been established, and a quick inventory of the achievement have been drawn up, it could be sought substantive rules that seemed necessary. Beyond these, the conflict method ensures the completeness of the system
Auriel, Pierre. "L’équivalence des protections des droits fondamentaux dans l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020054.
Pełny tekst źródłaEquivalence of fundamental rights protection is a requirement formulated by national courts in order to reconcile the constitutional obligations to implement European Union law with the protection of constitutional and conventional fundamental rights. In particular, in order to meet the requirements of unity and primacy of Union law, national courts agree to suspend the review of State acts implementing European Union law in the light of fundamental constitutional and conventional rights as long as European Union law guarantees equivalent protection of fundamental rights. As a baroque and unstable device, this requirement is necessarily precarious, with occasional breaks in equivalence frequently occurring. The study of this requirement and these breaks reveals the structure of the European Union in which it is embedded and to which it responds. In particular, the international nature of the Union and the mechanisms for receiving European Union and national law appear through the interplay of equivalence. European Union law is implemented by being subject to the constraints of national legal systems and, in particular, their constitutional order
Reymond, Damien. "Action antidumping et droit de la concurrence dans l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020034/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEuropean Union law addresses pricing practices of undertakings through antitrust provisions and an anti-dumping legislation. These two sets of regulations differ in many respects. They pursue different aims: protection of the interest of some European competitors versus promotion of free competition for the benefit o f consumers. However, they both hept to ensure fair competition (i.e. promotion of alevel playing field). They address different pricing practices: the markets concerned are differently defined (concerned product exported from one third country andsimilar product produced by the Union industry versus relevant product and geographic markets) and the characteristics of the undertakings concerned are also different (no sort of agreement between undertakings and no minimum market power required in anti-dumping law); price discrimination dumping in not equivalent to any anti-competitive price discrimination and below cost dumping is not equivalent to predatory pricing or to any other low anti-competitive price. Not with standing their differences, both sets of regulations have to coexist peacefully. Yet, opportunities of protectionist biases in the determination of injurious dumping are still numerous in the anti-dumping legislation and Commission’s practice. Moreover, the enforcementof the anti-dumping legislation may negatively affect competition in the internal market through the impact of the anti-dumping proceedings and measures and the anti-competitive effects of some undertakings’ behaviors within the ambit of, or surrounding the anti-dumping proceedings. Such harmful effects on competition of the anti-dumping action are already reduced by provisions such as the lesser duty rule and the public interest clause (Union interest), but could and should be further reduced
Sjöden, Eric. "Les raisons impérieuses d’intérêt général en droit de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020058.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mandatory requirements in the European Union law are reasons who can justify restrictions to the differents freedom of movements. So, those mandatory requirements are a justification method. An essentially jurisprudential justification method because it is the Court of justice who theorized it. It established thoses reasons in the Cassis de Dijon case, extended their application to every free movements and regulated their application. So, those mandatory requirements are also subject to the will of the Court and to its uncertainties. Therefore, if the jurisprudence is uncertain about interests named as mandatory requirements and even conflicting about its conditions, the mandatory requirements are an essentially jurisprudential justification method. Although, if some European Union law texts resume the jurisprudential made theory, they are truly loyal to the jurisprudence. Those texts, both primary and secondary law, pick up essential elements of the theory, in particular the conditions created by the Court. But those texts also copy the Courts imperfections about the theory. They even have a border between mandatory requirements and other justification methods equally blurred in the texts and in the jurisprudence. Thus, despite the retake of the theory of mandatory requirements in texts, this justification method stays essentially jurisprudential
Corre, Pauline. "Le statut d'État membre de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020052.
Pełny tekst źródłaUntil recently, European studies did not consider the Member State of the European Union. It has mainly been studied from a national point of view. However, the Lisbon treaty suggests that the Member State is not as neglected by European Union law as one could think. The European Union legal order includes a diversity of rights and duties concerning the membership and the participation of the Member State to the European Union. The norms concerning its membership are controlled by the Member State, while the norms concerning its participation are used by the European Union in order to ensure the effectivity and the autonomy of the European legal order
Ducroquetz, Florence. "L’Union européenne et le maintien de la paix". Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 2001, the EU has conducted more than twenty military operations and civilian missions, and is now seen as one of the leading organizations in the field of peacekeeping. For a long time perceived as an intergovernmental organization, the establishment of an integrated structure for crisis management into the heart of the organization, as well as the delegation of this crisis management to the different European organs, have contributed to the gradual empowerment of the EU toward its member states. This process of becoming autonomous is also evident in the international legal order. A large set of rules thus applies to the EU due to its involvement in the international legal order, including rules relating to the international responsibility for regional organizations. The effective intervention of the European Union in the field of peacekeeping – as a regional organization– is in keeping with an unclear legal framework. However, the phenomen on of regionalization could have been interpreted as prejudicing the collective security system established by the UN Charter.Two aspects of the effective intervention of the European Union call for analysis : the conformity of its action to the UN framework and its contribution to the evolution of peacekeeping
Lattanzi, Sarah. "L’utilisation des ‘travaux préparatoires’ dans l’interprétation du droit de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020036.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis aims to explore the use of preparatory works by the European Court of Justice in interpreting the primary and secondary law of the European Union. While the Court was initially interpreting EU law only referring to the spirit, the context and the text of a disposition, the post-Lisbon context paved the way for using ‘travaux préparatoires’ in determining the legislative intention behind EU law. Therefore, it is nowadays necessary to reconsider our previous understandings of the field of European Law interpretation and of the tools admissible in interpretation. A general and historical judge’s scepticism regarding the use of subjective, genetic and historic interpretation should now be challenged regarding the recent developments affecting EU case law
Noureau, Aurélie. "L’Union européenne et les collectivités locales". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROD023/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor a long time, the European Union has not known about the local and regional authorities.However, local and regional level is a real asset to the Union. They become some almost subject of the European Union.Indeed, local and regional authorities currently have significant powers in key sectors such as education, environment, economic development, land use planning, public services and social policies. They implement the European legislation. Therefore, they also help ensure the exercise of European democracy and citizenship.Despite some significant advances in terms of recognizing their role in the European process, their actions are controlled by their national’s institutional architecture. And as the Union respects the constitutional autonomy of the Member States, which order their relations with regional and local authorities in different ways, it is really complicated to organize relations between European level and local and regional level.In spite of these impediments, the local authorities succeed in establishing strategies in order to be closely involved in shaping and implementing European strategies.Finally, the local authorities also take part into the construction of a European territory.Indeed, the diversity of the local and regional situations shows that it could be a chance. European policies have to be set up to the disparities and the local level is involved into the European decision making process.By another way, the recognition of the key role played by local and regional authorities in the European Union is developing a multilevel vision in the relations between the European actors. If the member States stay the institutional speaker of the European process, their local authorities succeed in integrating the European level. The multi level governance (MLG) has attracted the European Union. The MLG should coordinate action by the European level, the member states and local and regional authorities.This thesis shows the complicated relations between the European Union and the local authorities. Territorial perspectives and new objectives and tools should drive the European Union towards a better democratic integration
Slautsky, Emmanuel. "Droit européen du marché intérieur et organisation administrative des États membres de l’Union européenne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/231665.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Théofili, Alexandra. "La mise en œuvre du droit de l’Union européenne en droit du contentieux administratif français". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020060.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe enforcement of EU law in French administrative litigation law corresponds to the part of its decentralized judicial enforcement which falls under the jurisdiction of the administrative judge. However, the classical method of European administrative law, commonto all types of enforcement of EU law, whether judicial or not, proposes only two types of links which may exist between EU law and national administrative laws: on the one hand, those who derive from the legal constraints that EU law imposes on national systems and, on the other hand, those who derive from the pure influence that can exist between the constructions of EU law and those of national administrative law. The enforcement of EU law in the field of administrative litigation can nevertheless be dealt with solely from the point of view of legal constraint, whether it concerns the direct enforcement of EU law throughout the administrative litigation procedure or its enforcement during administrative proceedings and on the occasion of the latter. This implementation is, in any case, dependent on the jurisdiction of the administrative judge, but it varies in intensity depending on whether the judge has full jurisdiction or acts only within the framework prescribed by his role as a national jurisdiction. In both cases he is, from now on, the ordinary jurisdiction of EU law
Ilieva, Mihaela. "La protection des consommateurs et les droits fondamentaux dans l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of the interactions between consumer protection and fundamental rights reveals the positive integration of these rights into the European Union’s policies. In the field of consumer protection, the integration consists in the recognition of fundamental rights and in their judicial application. Among the fundamental rights recognised to consumers emerge the right to data protection, the right to information, the right to non-discrimination, as well as the right to effective judicial protection, for instance. These rights display as tools and objectives for the implementation of the EU’s consumer protection policy and play a major role in defending vulnerable consumers. The integration of fundamental rights in the field of consumer protection also consists in their judicial application. The European Court of Justice’s consideration for fundamental rights contributes to guaranteeing the effective protection of consumers, and - consequently - strengthens their protection. The judicial application of fundamental rights is, however, also source of conflicts between various rights and general interest objectives
Elkind, Damien. "L’efficacité des décisions administratives étrangères dans l’Union européenne : Étude de droit administratif transnational". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0358/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLegal literature has shown that the administrative decisions adopted by national administrations within the scope of EU law may have extraterritorial effects. By challenging the principle of territoriality of public law, this phenomenon opens a new field of study whose object is the transnational dimension of administrative activity. Through the study of administrative cooperation between Member States, this work explores the establishment of a system of recognition of administrative decisions in the European administrative space
Azot, Benarroche Myriam. "Le plafonnement juridique des prélèvements obligatoires dans l'Union européenne". Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020080.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom a legal viewpoint, the question of knowing what solutions would stop and reverse the process of rising taxation can be posed, in the wake of the european fiscal trends, what would be the legal mechanisms which would permit protection of our economy as well employment, in other words, the realisation of the european integration. Are there any legal ceilings to compulsory levies in the european union ? if there are pratical and theoretical justifications for capping compulsory levies, their implementation is piecemeal and inefficient, it needs to be reinforced, at the european level in the context of a european political union. As europe meanders into rising taxation and shifts to taxe on immobile bases in the context of ecnomie globalization, there is a need to propose alternatives to halt, maybe reverse, these tendencies and protect employment as well as european integration. This thesis looks into the existing legal mechanisms of capping various taxes and social security contributions in the different european countries. However, no european country imposes global ceilings on compulsory levies, however justified such ceilings may be. This thesis argues for such global ceilings within the constitutional framework of the european union
Gaulard, Géraldine. "La pleine juridiction du juge de l’Union en droit de la concurrence". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0187.
Pełny tekst źródłaEU competition law has fundamentally changed. The developments in competition litigation prove clearly that the initial debate about breaches of substantive competition law has now been replaced by a debate over the fine. The EU courts’ unlimited jurisdiction is now central to the debate over fines. In EU law, unlimited jurisdiction of the Court of justice regarding the penalties is granted by article 261, TFEU and by article 31, regulation no1/2003. On one hand, the powers granted to the EU courts are broad and vague. Which means unlimited jurisdiction results from a case-law construction of an evolutive and open nature. On the other hand, under human rights law, unlimited jurisdiction is a standard of control while under EU law, unlimited jurisdiction is merely a competence over the level of the fine. Therefore, the underlying question remains whether the judicial review in EU law does comply with the criteria of unlimited jurisdiction as established by the ECtHr? The objective of this study is to bring light to the fact that the definition of unlimited jurisdiction in EU law is blurred based on the misapprehension of its nature and more importantly, given the conflicting case law in this matter, we would like to promote a dynamic approach of the EU courts’ unlimited jurisdiction through practical solutions in a systematic perspective in the interests of legal certainty and judicial coherence
Constans, Daniel. "L’Union européenne et le contrôle des finances publiques des Etats". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0179/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is structured around the observation of a gap between the pursuit of apolitical project of a federal nature, the single currency, and implementation tools based onbelonging to a centralized state, the ante budgetary control. This situation results first of lackof trust between them, but the use of tools unsuitable for purpose generates numerousmalfunctions and feeling, for lack of a sufficiently strong association of national parliaments ofa "power of Brussels" seeking to assert itself against the will of the states and their peoples.three texts were introduced [the "six pack", the "Two pack" and the Treaty on Stability,Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (TSCG)] in EuropeanUnion economic coordination that are no longer only indicative and the possibility for the EUto indicate to the structural reforms that these countries must undertake in areas that do notbelong to the field of competence of the European Union raised for the jurist many questionson both the doctrinal foundations of the European Union and on the institutional mechanismsimplemented
Nguiyan, Fils Dieu Le Fit. "La compétition des droits dans l’Union Européenne : étude de droit des sociétés et de droit des contrats". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131033.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the publication of the first Doing Business reports issued by the World Bank, that ranked the different States according to the economic attractiveness of their laws, interest in regulatory competition has increased. Extensive research on the topic were conducted in order to contest or to bear witness of national laws competitiveness. The phenomenon projected however does not reflect the reality when the challenge involves regulatory models or law rules competition.Competition between the civil law model and the Anglo-American model seems real. Each model seeks to expand its influence outside the European Union either in the developing countries or in the emerging democracies. Within the European Union itself, each project represents an opportunity for both the legal cultures to make competition. It is thereforenecessary for the French law to weight the risks and benefits in order to preserve and stretch out its international influence.Regulatory competition seems questionable. The principles of freedom of establishment, free movement of goods and freedom to provide services inside the European Union create suitable conditions to set in motion regulatory competition. About contractual matters, liberalisation of choice-of-law and jurisdictions clauses, as well as the developmentof arbitration can foster economic actors to bypass imperative rules. The analysis of empirical data did not though confirm the existence of competition between the States as far as companies’ laws and contracts law are concerned.The benefit-cost analysis of the various opportunities has enabled us to explain the reluctance of the law rules competition actors on one hand, and encourage the French law to focus mainly on law models competition on the other hand
M'Bra, Bégnara. "Les marchés publics financés par des fonds de l’union européenne". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study is to highlight the financing and payment of public procurement by funds from European Union (EU) in the framework of cooperation with third countries, as well as the legal regime applicable to public procurement. External assistance actions are funding through two separate instruments of EU: the general budget of the European Union (the budget) and the European Development Fund (EDF). Payment of procurement resulting from the implementation of cooperation programs and projects is executed by European Commission in accordance with the financial rules of the European Union. The legal regime applicable to contracts financed by the budget or the EDF varieS depending on their system of management. This study focuses particularly on contracts awarded by the European Commission under direct management and those concluded by the beneficiary countries under indirect management. In these modes of management, procurement escapes the national rights of the beneficiary countries and is subject to EU rules. Thus, markets are open to international competition and procedures for procurement are subject to the principles of equal treatment of domestic and foreign bidders, non-discrimination, transparency and good financial management. The question of the rules applicable to these contracts themselves raises two fundamental questions : the question of the law applicable to contracts and that of juges that have the power to settle the dispute. A special feature of contracts concluded by beneficiary States in indirect management is that they allow the use of arbitration in case of dispute
Guiresse, Marguerite. "Le principe juridique de confiance mutuelle entre États membres en droit de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2074.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe legal principle of mutual trust between Member States exists, I have encountered it many times ", one would be tempted to write. The study of EU law reveals the principle’s solid legal foundations while the extraction and analysis of the object reveals its own undeniable legal value. It has no equivalent in national, international, or European union law. Through the proof of its legal nature, the ingenious construction of EU law that the principle of mutual trust is appears. Raised to the rank of an existential and constitutional principle by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), mutual trust conditions the functioning and the autonomy of the EU's legal order. Its examination reveals its limits and limited legal effects. Nevertheless, it remains an unsurpassable principle. It constitutes a real issue for the threefold legitimacy of the Union. By underlining the fragility of the EU, it may appear to be an inherent weakness of the Union. By analysing the system of European integration in light of the principle, it is possible to shed light on the shortcomings of both. It also provides an original approach to questions relating to the nature of the EU
Marchand, Emmanuel. "Le droit antitrust chinois sur le modèle du droit de l’Union Européenne : entre petites incohérences et grandes difficultés". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROD036.
Pełny tekst źródłaFollowing its accession to the WTO on December 11, 2001, China showed ongoing efforts to enact legal reform so as to reflect its market liberalization. From a central planned economy to a market based regulatory principles the road is long and obviously not without bumps. In order to achieve a successful economic reform (and not to say a political one) the country showed a great deal of institutional (ownership restructuring, market oriented industrial policy, decentralization of control etc.) and legal reform. This study examines how China did enact and enforce a competition regime through the 2008 antitrust law on a still recently chaotic and unruly market. If the AML clearly shows China’s willingness to implement an antitrust regime fashioned on the most advanced competition law systems, it also raised many concerns among foreign commentators and businesses that were expected a real markets-rules sacralization. Nevertheless, mainly due to its transitional state and also because of the socialist mindset, the text contend shows a peculiar set of problems that the AML is presumed to tackle from development economies which is suspiciously viewed by some as a way to implement interventionist gears. This paper will attempt to show that taping into foreign experience to shape an antitrust regime in a clearly reluctant and different economic, institutional and political context make such a legal transfer empty of meaning and risky for firm performance. By taking partially advanced antitrust EU provision, China is missing or either preventing the pro-competitive effects of some business behaviour which can only be evaluated with an advance and experienced economic analysis. The AML could be viewed as a medicine originally prescribed to cure little liberal market ills finally given to a socialist market economy facing critical transitional and political related diseases. Nevertheless, in some way, antitrust law is on the rise in China, which now experience many cases illustrating the AML enforcement and a relative success in overcoming the hurdles generated by anticompetitive behaviours. Also, the economic patriotism embodied by China’s antitrust regime could also be the starting point for EU commission to rethink its antitrust policy. That policy, always more liberal, is detrimental to a EU competitiveness in distress. Protectionism is, on that point, a Chinese medicine that could be recommended to the EU to reduce its liberal fever
Le, Jan Morgane. "Le service public postal face au droit de l’Union européenne : histoire d’un compromis (1957-2012)". Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020044.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn 1957, the State is the organiser of the public postal service in France through its central administration. That same year, a treaty was signed in Rome between six European States around the idea of a common market with a delegation of sovereignty. At first, the public postal service and the Europe of the Treaty of Rome develop separately. But in the early 1980s, the political, economic and technological context evolves and Europe decides to take an active interest in the matter of the postal service. After a phase of disinterest in postal matters, we enter in a phase of confrontation; Europe submits the postal service to the competition law: monopoly, the traditional organisation of the postal service, is challenged. Moreover, the French public postal service is transformed: La Poste, independent public operator is born. Following the period of confrontation, a period of dialogue follows, bringing together the Europe of the Treaty of Rome and the States members to write the postal law. Several guidelines are adopted, focused in particular on the universal postal service. By 2012, the process of liberalisation of the postal service is complete: there is no legal monopoly in Europe. This new openness is concomitant with the digital era. The postal service must now continue to adapt to this new ideological, technological and economical context: in its form – La Poste becomes a public limited company – as well as in its mission to serve the public interest, the raison d’être of the public service, so the public postal service is reconfigured
Weidner, Jimmy. "Le droit des étrangers dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union européenne, outil de sa politique d’immigration". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMD004.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor several years, rules have been emerging regarding entry, residence and expulsion in the legal order of the European Union. On the sidelines of the treaties with the Schengen Agreement, rules have been created to enable the realization of free movement. While national policies were oriented towards selective immigration policies, national disparities allowed the phenomenon of “immigration shopping” to emerge. But the intervention of the European Union was limited by the principle of conferral of competences. The Amsterdam Treaty was a turning point in the creation of an area of freedom, security and justice by giving a competence shared on immigration legislation. With the Lisbon Treaty, the constitutional framework provided by the Amsterdam Treaty is reaffirmed and consolidated. Thirty years after the Schengen Agreement, the rules adopted are now a whole, organized and structured.The study of this normative system, the European Law on Foreign Nationals, can characterize immigration policy, beyond political discourse. Structured around the control of migratory flows and the mastery of immigration, it appears that it remains restrictive and safe. Nevertheless, respect for fundamental rights, under the control of the Court of Justice, and close relationships with the asylum policy and the free movement of citizens can mitigate this police regime. However, the resulting ambiguities remain an obstacle to the development of immigration policy. Family immigration should be organized exclusively by the immigration policy. And choices about asylum should not be based on migration concerns
Riu, Isabelle. "Sociétés et établissements stables en droit fiscal international et de l'Union européenne". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010297.
Pełny tekst źródłaCorreia, Vincent. "L’Union européenne et l’ordre international de l’aviation civile : la contribution de l'Union européenne aux évolutions contemporaines du droit aérien international". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40050.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe way in which the Member States have redefined the conditions regarding how they exercise their air sovereignty, by progressively transferring power to the European Union, cannot be viewed solely as them removing and reducing their individual powers. The powers conferred to the European Union in aviation matters are resulting in an affirmation of the international role of Europe as a whole. This on-going, and as yet incomplete process, may be seen in a greater recognition of the specific European aspect regarding Civil Aviation. In spite of the hesitance of Member States and non-member States, the European Union has progressively taken its place among the key players, able to influence developments in modern aviation law, in the same way as other established aviation authorities and especially the United States. These new trends reveal the flexibility and elasticity of the Chicago Convention and the potential future developments in International Civil Aviation
Valduga, Louis. "La confiance mutuelle entre les Etats membres : instrument du système constitutionnel de l’Union européenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ASSA0026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe consecration of mutual trust in Union law reveals the specificities of this legal system and the nature of the relations between its authorities. It brings to light a complex constitutional architecture whose contours must be outlined and whose ins and outs must be revealed. In order to better understand this phenomenon, the thesis proposes to return to the source of this constitutional principle, by identifying an act of mutual trust on which the relations between the legal systems of the Member States are based within the Union. The transition from mutual trust to Union law makes it possible to deploy an instrument capable of ensuring the articulation of the legal systems. Moreover, the constitutionalisation of the relationship of mutual trust between the Member States leads to a rethinking of the participation of the latter in the European Union and of the content of the status of Member State. Finally, the analysis of mutual trust brings to light its vertical scope, considering the relations between the legal systems of the Union and the Member States. Mutual trust underpins the existence and maintenance of trust between the Union and the Member States, thus allowing us to identify a global system of trust that structures the relationship between legal systems
Gicquel, Héloïse. "L’étranger, entre l’État membre et l’Union européenne : étude des interactions normatives". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0295/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs a result of the development of EU competences in the field of immigration, the memberStates have lost their monopoly to enact foreigners Law. As well, the EU citizens are nolonger “ordinary” foreigner. Nowadays, the member States have to make a difference betweenthe foreigners with the nationality of another Member State (European foreigners) andforeigners with third countries (extra- European foreigners). Thus, the EU law tends to bothsplit and reshape the legal category of “foreigner”. As well, EU law does not result in aunification of the relevant rules within the member States. Therefore, the foreigner is a thesame time a subject to the EU law and a subject for the national legislations. This researchintends to prove that this assumption must be reconsidered. The analysis of the EU influenceson the national categorization of the foreigners proves that firtsly, the EU definition offoreigner tends to become more and more autonomous and, on the other hand, the EU Law onforeigners tends to become more and more a common Law to the member States
Laithier, Lucie. "Intégration et préservation de l’identité nationale dans l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100162.
Pełny tekst źródłaHow should the clause of national identity, inserted by the Maastricht Treaty within the Treaty on European Union, be understood? In its shorter version, this clause provides that “the Union shall respect the national identities of its Member States”. This study, focused on the sociocultural interpretation of the clause, proposes to examine its legal scope. In that matter, the European integration maintains an ambivalent relationship with collective identity: while circumscribing legally the way that the Member States define their own national identity – the principle of their unity –, it is not aimed at establishing a European substitutive identity, and this statement raises the question of the founding principles of the European democracy. In the opposite movement, the national identities of the Member States also have an impact on the integration process: they represent a substantive limit, though imprecise, to the economic and political integration. Having a weak incidence on the division of competence between the EU and the Member States, the national identity of the Member States constitutes in contrast a powerful obstacle to the democratization of the EU. This is precisely one of the major challenges of the European construction: if it follows the political path of integration, it will require the conceptualization of the grounds of a multinational democracy. For this purpose, in the European context and from a legal point of view, as a clause of articulation between the universal and the particular, the clause of national identity would deserve to be specified in its sociocultural content and to be used as a principle guiding the delimitation of competence of the EU
Papadima, Raluca. "La convergence en matière de droit applicable aux sociétés cotées de l’Union européenne : qui s'assemble se ressemble". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020038.
Pełny tekst źródłaListed companies are a world apart. There are approximately 5 000 companies listed on the regulated markets of the EU stock exchanges. Although they represent less than 1 % of the European businesses, their market capitalization amounts to more than 70 % of GDP. Because they have a systemic importance for the economy, the comprehension of their legal regime is crucial. We first establish the boundaries of the applicable law, starting from the supranational level because EU law represents the most important source of both convergence and divergence. This method allows us to establish if the supranational level should extend to new areas of regulation or push for further the harmonization in the areas already regulated and to make predictions regarding the probable or desirable future directions of the regulations. We then analyze the causality of convergence, which shows three main types of convergence : imposed, by pressure and by approximation of the factual circumstances of the environment in which EU listed companies operate. We conclude that presently there is a convergence of national regulations applicable to EU listed companies despite only partial harmonization at the supranational level and that this convergence will deepen as a result of its forces and factors of causality. This conclusion reinforces the arguments for a reorganization of national laws based on a new summa divisio between listed companies and non-listed companies
Panarelli, Stéphane. "Le principe de libre administration et la gestion des services publics locaux à l’aune du droit de l’Union européenne". Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100120.
Pełny tekst źródłaEuropean Union Law is gradually moving towards a recognition and legitimisation of the movement towards public action in the Member States. The primary and secondary law of the Union is characterised by recognition of the competence of sub-national authorities and the local public interest. This develops a dynamic regulatory framework favourable to local public decision-making power at a European and national level. The European Union can no longer be regarded as a legal system indifferent to the institutional role of sub-national authorities. European law becomes a vehicle for protecting and strengthening the principle of free administration of its various components when it integrates the concept of general local interest. The level of reception of the European concept of services of general economic interest, general services and social services of general interest by local authorities is a means of protecting local public decision-making power. The appropriation of these European legal tools should enable local government to find a balance between the principle of the right to competition and the aims of public services, activities of general interest. The influence of European law on the local mixed economy and public contracts resizes the principle of free administration. The existence and content of this principle are related to this balance. This dynamic developed by the Union in favour of local authorities appears with structural funds, the motor of local public action
Fauchon, Chloé. "L’effectivité des droits de la défense dans les procédures pénales transfrontières : étude en droit de l’Union européenne, droit français et droit espagnol". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2023/FAUCHON_Chloe_2023_ED101.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe European Union, either to constitute a Union with Rule of Law or to ensure fairness in cross-border criminal proceedings, must pursue the objective of effectiveness of defence rights in these proceedings. However, the reality is different; defence rights are not effective in cross-border criminal proceedings, as demonstrated by this thesis through the example of cross-border criminal proceedings between France and Spain. In order to accomplish this goal, we suggest various measures. First of all, a European normative instrument on defence rights in cross-border criminal proceedings should be adopted, and, secondly, it is necessary to create European operational structures to re-establish equality of arms between repressive authorities and the defendant
Bouchoul, Katia. "Le Règlement SE, un outil européen au confluent des intérêts nationaux et du droit de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0051/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe SE regulation is an european tool in between national law and European Union law. It is an innovative legal tool allowing companies with European scale to elaborate cross-border reorganizations through the creation of a SE and the transfer of the head office of such company; while preserving benefits of creditors, of employees and shareholders of such companies. In order to achieve this goal, the SE regulation is not enough: it is pluralistic. It coordinates the rules applied to the SE. In addition, it proceeds itself to remand to national law that enables to preserve national specificities of each State Member. So, the SE is attached on one end to the European Union law and on the other end it is attached to the national law on a subsidiary basis.Furthermore, the SE regulation is not only useful to companies. Indeed, it enables adoption of other european tools such as the directive related to cross-border merger between joint-stock companies
Richard, Alexandre. "Procédure en manquement d’Etat et protection des droits fondamentaux dans l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020015.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the Lisbon Treaty has come into force, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has acquired binding force. As primary law, its provisions are considered as “an obligation under the Treaties”, as it is stated in the article 258 of Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union. Nevertheless, while the infringement proceedings aims at ceasing breaches of EU law by Member States, the main actors of this procedure seem reluctant to bring a case before the Court of Justice when a Member State fails to fulfil its obligations under the Charter. Different characteristics of the infringement proceedings and the fundamental rights may deter Member States and European Commission from bringing such a case before the Courte of Justice. Moreover, the Court of Justice has to take into consideration fundamental rights when they are invoked by Member States as defences in an infringement proceedings. But procedural considerations and fundamental rights’ attributes may prevent the judge from examining human rights’ defences. In each case, this is about assessing adequacy of infringement proceedings to guarantee the enforcement of fundamental rights
Keys, Alexander. "Une Union de droits parallèles : la portabilité des régimes juridiques dans la législation de l’Union européenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0425.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespite the specificities of the European Union’s political set-up, the operation of EU law has generally been relatively traditional, in the sense that EU law mandatorily applies to all. These last few years, however, a body of atypical law has been created which is applied optionally and therefore exists in parallel with national law. Legal regimes applicable by choice in this way essentially fall into two categories. Firstly, there are optional instruments of EU law, which can be chosen as an alternative to national law. Secondly, in some cases, EU law allows a choice of the national law to be applied to a given situation. In both cases, the expression of a choice leads to the portability of the chosen legal regime across the EU. This thesis aims to address various issues surrounding this phenomenon: by analysing the political reasoning which has led to the creation of a right to choose, by looking at the true impact of the use of the right to choose in terms of the real autonomy of optional instruments and the extent of the freedom to deviate from the national law applicable by default, and by evaluating the level of usage of these unusual legal instruments
Maupérin, Agathe. "La protection des inventions dans le cadre des transferts de technologie entre l’Union européenne et la Chine". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67589.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeaudouin, Christophe. "La démocratie à l'épreuve de l'intégration européenne : redistribution des lieux de pouvoir, nouvelles manières de dire le droit et légitimité démocratique dans l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05D002.
Pełny tekst źródłaCradle of democracy, will Europe today be its grave ? The European Union is not a new political and multinational Sovereign, superimposed on its founding States. As the laboratory of an emerging global legal order, its hybrid system is not programmed to produce a European « political will » but a system of superior and immediate regulation to serve unlimited expansion of trade and individual rights. A standard that penetrates the national legal order, internalizes it and decomposes its hierarchy. Europeanized and networked, the State remains an essential part of this «machine to rule» : as the only holder of the title of sovereignty, of the monopoly of coercion and means to act, the State lends its own legitimacy and its secular arm that the EU lacks. By dismissing the nation State and by neutralizing that sovereignty, however, Europe has broken two conditions of political democracy's existence. Leaders of its old nations agreed to a soft mutation of their political systems : from representative government to network governance, from legitimacy born from the universal suffrage to experts consensus, from Law pursuing the common Good to general deregulation. Does it express the natural completion, announced from Plato to Tocqueville, of the democratic cycle ? A simple desire for Peace or a panic reflex before exit of the Political ? In any case, the split between Authority and Power is unprecedented : politically accountable Governments have given up the authority to decide while the decision-making authority remains unaccountable. The vital link between popular will and Law is being dissolved. Without this legitimacy - which allows Law to be perceived as fair - who will remain obedient ?
Barone, Laurent. "L'apport de la convention européenne des droits de l'homme au droit fiscal français". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131015.
Pełny tekst źródłaTroshani, Taulant. "Effectivité et efficacité du système de protection des droits fondamentaux au sein de l’Union européenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0128.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe European Union is built on a strong commitment to promoting and protecting human rights, democracy and the rule of law in the world. Human rights are at the heart of the EU's relations with other countries and regions. This thesis examines in detail the fundamental implications of competition or cooperation between the courts of Strasbourg and Luxembourg in the light of the latest developments concerning the system for the protection of fundamental rights in the European Union, such as the accession of from the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights. The protection of human rights remains a subject of infinite discussion. The general attitude towards a more exhaustive and binding catalog of human rights is essentially positive, although the constitutional and jurisdictional problems of such a binding document can not be ignored
Keys, Alexander. "Une Union de droits parallèles : la portabilité des régimes juridiques dans la législation de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0425.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespite the specificities of the European Union’s political set-up, the operation of EU law has generally been relatively traditional, in the sense that EU law mandatorily applies to all. These last few years, however, a body of atypical law has been created which is applied optionally and therefore exists in parallel with national law. Legal regimes applicable by choice in this way essentially fall into two categories. Firstly, there are optional instruments of EU law, which can be chosen as an alternative to national law. Secondly, in some cases, EU law allows a choice of the national law to be applied to a given situation. In both cases, the expression of a choice leads to the portability of the chosen legal regime across the EU. This thesis aims to address various issues surrounding this phenomenon: by analysing the political reasoning which has led to the creation of a right to choose, by looking at the true impact of the use of the right to choose in terms of the real autonomy of optional instruments and the extent of the freedom to deviate from the national law applicable by default, and by evaluating the level of usage of these unusual legal instruments
Coskun, Alexis. "La participation du droit de la concurrence de l’Union européenne à l’édification d’un modèle de compétitivité industrielle". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA014.
Pełny tekst źródłaOn a regular basis competition law is seen as an obstacle or a brake to any willingness of pursuing a project of industrial policy. Competition law and industrial policy are often presented as, by their sole nature, opposed. My PHD work tends to precise the way in which competition law participates to the establishment of competitive industrial model at the European scale. It outweighs the congealed definitions of industrial policies exclusively understanding it as deriving from state intervention. It aims at showing how and by which practical ways competition law makes possible to reach the teleological aim of competitiveness.This perspective leads to the identification and the analysis of the two major axis through which competition law participates to the teleological construction of a competitive industrial model : its influence upon the contents and the forms of state intervention and its impact on the actions and strategies of the manufacturing firms. To realize such a project a deep and large analysis of the Commission’s decisions and of the case-law of the Court has been undertaken
Gérard, Laurence. "Les recours des contribuables sur le fondement de la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales". Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020109.
Pełny tekst źródłaLehmann, Pierre-Etienne. "Réflexions sur la nature de l'Union Européenne à partir du respect de l'identité nationale des Etats membres". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0323/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAccording to the European motto, « United in diversity », European construction would aim at an ever closer union among member States and their people without threatening their existence. Thus, such a formula seems to place the principle of national identity’s respect at the heart of the relationships between member States and the European Union (EU). Indeed, national identity is the synthesis of fundamental characteristics of each European nation, which both differentiates each State and reflects useful homogeneity between members of the same community. The respect of this identity participates to the preservation of States’ existence, but also to the evolution of the EU itself. The requirement of identity preservation was certainly first formulated at the national level, when States threatened to unilaterally protect their constitutional identity against EU law. Yet, national identity’s respect has changed from a sovereign State demand to an notion of Union law. Although it entered the scope of ECJ competence recently, it has already visible consequences on the European construction. It has even become a principle of interpretation and a way to justify an obstacle to trade autonomously. It highlights the originality of EU nature and functioning, in contributing not only to limit the sovereign resistance of States, but also to make legal pluralism emerge. Furthermore, it tends to reinforce this originality, on the one hand, by underpinning the development of a member States specific status, giving it a right to have its specific features respected, and, on the other hand, by strengthening constitutionalisation of EU identity based on the common elements of national constitutional identities. As a consequence, this principle shows the originality of European construction by being not only its results, but also one of its sources