Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Dragage – Environnement”
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Grégoire, Pascal. "Modèle conceptuel d'aide à la décision multicritère pour le choix négocié d'un scénario de dragage maritime". Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0201.
Pełny tekst źródłaDredging works pose the problem of the transfer and what to do with the products to be evacuated, taking into account the economic repercussions and environmental aspects linked to protection of the environment. The environmental asssessment process, reinforced by study of the impact on the environment, within a context of information and participation of the actors concerned enables orientation of an iterative and negotiated approach that correponds to a social logic. Our aim is to make available to the numerous participants an oprerational tool for piloting operations that corresponds to the choice of thebest techniques and to theproblem what to do with the products. The approach we are proposing is based on multi-criteria analysis. This analysis takes into account the technical, economic,environmental, regulatory, health and social parameters, as well as their weighting. This weighting of criteria is necessary to assess the solutions or alternative variants in a context of durable development
Boutin, Roland. "Amélioration des connaissances sur le comportement des rejets en mer de produits de dragage de type vase : phénomènes à court terme et dans le champ proche". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0079.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn France, maintenance dredging operations most often lead to disposal at sea of materials removed from harbors or their access channels. Even because of swells and currents, those product should neither come back nor settle into the area nor there ten environmentally fragile areas. However those products have a complicated behavior mainly due to tiny particles like silts and present, there is no unified approach to describe their behavior when they are poured into the sea. Consequently, we have attempted to better understand the physical phenomena which rule the short-term evolution of those waste products. After skimming through history, we will introduce the field we have been studying and point out the limits to our research. The available theoretical approaches and the ensuing models will be considered. In order to watch the phenomena, we have tried to reproduce different methods of waste disposal (clapage, continuous washing away) in a laboratory canal by using a natural mud. Marking with indium 113m makes it possible to trace with scintillation probes the concentration of the turbid cloud at different points at the surface and on bottom. Photographs render the spatial evolution of the phenomena. The evolution of the wastes, particularly when a density current occurs, will be described. The rate of deposit related to different initial conditions will be appraised. Concerning some tests, a preferential separation on the silts can be noticed. After the experiments have benne describes, and after the new data have been given, we will analyze two models which are currently available. We conclude that these tolls cannot be used with real safety. We infer that more field data are needed to help us analyze the complexity of the waste behavior
Agostini, Franck. "Inertage et valorisation des sédiments de dragage marins". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119833.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa valorisation des sédiments traités comme granulat de substitution dans les matériaux à matrice cimentaire fait l'objet de ce travail de thèse.
La caractérisation de ces granulats a révélé une porosité et une absorption d'eau très élevées. Constitués par l'agglomération de particules plus fines ils se révèlent friables. Cependant, utilisés en substitution d'un sable de Seine classique pour la confection d'un mortier, l'étude expérimentale de valorisation a montré des gains de résistance à la compression uniaxiale, et ce, même pour une substitution complète du sable. Ces gains ont été attribués au phénomène de cure interne, à l'amélioration de l'interface pâte granulat ainsi qu'à un effet filler. Cela pourrait également expliquer la réduction observée de la perméabilité au gaz. La déformabilité des granulats conduit toutefois à un retrait de dessiccation élevé. Une formulation appropriée permet également l'obtention d'un matériau durable vis-à-vis, notamment, du gel/dégel ou de l'exposition à l'eau de mer.
La valorisation dans les matériaux cimentaires est donc envisageable.
Couvidat, Julien. "Gestion d'un sédiment de dragage marin contaminé : Caractérisation de la réactivité biogéochimique, valorisation en mortier et évaluation environnementale". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0091/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMillions of tons of sediments are dredged every year leading to a need for a sustainable management. Both studied sediments, stored in anoxic conditions under a layer of water (raw sediment), and in oxic conditions submitted to natural weathering (weathered sediment), showed high contamination of copper, lead and zinc, concentrated mainly in the finer fraction. Reactive phases such as sulfides and organic matter were observed, with which copper and zinc are partially linked. An innovative experimental set-up coupling an oxygen-consumption test with a column leaching test has been developed; this set-up highlighted the sulfides reactivity which is still occurring in the weathered sediment, despite years of natural aging. The biological component of this reactivity has been also studied, through a qualitative assessment of the impact of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria on pH and Eh of sediments. Although high amount of carbonates responsible for important neutralization potential were detected, bacterial community of neutrophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has been able to lower the pH until 4.5 – 5 units. This reactivity is controlled by submitting both sediments to a stabilization/solidification treatment with hydraulic binders. Environmental assessment with kinetic test in weathering cells and monolithic leaching test demonstrated that trace metals appear well stabilized for both sediments. Thus, their valorization in cemented mortars has been assessed. When total sediments were fully substituted to sand, they showed poor mechanical strength. However, when a sieving treatment for removing of the fine contaminated fraction was applied, the sediments mortars revealed good mechanical strength for use in non-structural applications. This research confirmed thus that the reuse of the coarser fraction of a marine sediment, raw or weathered, offered an efficient and interesting way of treatment and valorization
Khezami, Issameddine. "Approche expérimentale de valorisation des sédiments de dragage dans des applications de Génie Civil". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10179/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe topic on the use of sediments is booming for several years. It mainly concerns marine and river sediments. As for the latter, they have a particular physico-chemical composition with higher amounts of minerals and organic matter compared to marine sediments. Moreover, compared with other parts of French territory, the sediments of the region of Nord –Pas-de-Calais are characterized as "contaminated". That's why many researchs were initiated to find new avenues for development of dredged sediments in civil engineering. The main purpose of this research aims to propose a solution for the use of dredged sediment mainly three river sediments from the Nord-Pas-de Calais region for a valuation on road under layers , eco modeled landscape and the development of cementitious materials. In experimental management point of view, the choice of sediment mixtures was determined by the requirements of each reclamation operation. For this, a mixture of sediment of Deule and Croix was chosen for the valuation landscaped mound, a formulation containing sediments of Deûle and Hem has been studied for a valuation road construction. As for the valuation cementitious materials, we used the sediment of the Deule. A mathematical model of decision support validated the choice of different formulations. This work was done in collaboration with the GPMD and LMCU. The validation of the scientific method has been tested on a semi-industrial scale, through the construction of two experimental boards, which helped, initially, to assess the impact of sediments on valuation and the industrial feasibility on site
Lecomte, Tristan. "Évaluation environnementale des sédiments de dragage et de curage dans la perspective de leur valorisation dans le domaine du génie civil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUI032.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe management and beneficial reuse of non-immersible dredged sediments are major scientific and industrial issues. The industrial research chair " Circular Economy of Sediments: EcoSed ", launched in 2014 by IMT Lille Douai, aims at answering these issues through a multidisciplinary approach. As part of this Doctoral Thesis, investigations were carried out under a partnership research context by combining sediment managers and industrial partners. More specifically, this work aims at (i) to set up a methodological approach to measuring the intrinsic eco-toxicity of sediments prior to their beneficial reuse; (ii) to implement the multi-scale national approach “SEDIMATERIAUX” to check the environmental safety of marine dredged sediment used as aggregates in road concretes; (iii) to compare the national approach on the reuse of alternative materials in road engineering with the European framework developed for environmental assessment of construction products. The results of this work allowed to propose a preparation protocol for the sediment matrix and a sensitive battery of bioassays. Environmental assessment of marine sediments reuse in the field of civil engineering (road concrete, roadbed, roller compacted concrete) allowed validating the environmental safety of these materials and to highlight the achievement of the good trace elements stabilization through their microstructure
Azrar, Hassane. "Contribution à la valorisation des sédiments de dragage portuaire : technique routière, béton et granulats artificiels". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10171/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn front of problems of management of harbour dredging sediment, today, it appears necessary to find potential solutions of valosisation allowing to answer effectively these problems. the valorisation in civil engineering, of not immergeables sediments of ports of Dunkirk and Saint Louis, presents an alternative solution to the management of these materials. the works undertaken within the framework of this thesis are focused on the one hand, on the valorisation of Saint Louis sediment in road construction, and the other hand on the valorisation of Dunkirk sediment in concrete as well as artificials agregates. After physicochimical characterisation, mineralogical and mechanical, environmental impact of raw sediment of Saint Louis harbour and the potential use of these materials in road constuction are evaluated. the study of formulation of materials, for use in layer fondation, was based on an experimental method of determination of maximum compactness. The optimal granular mixtures fulfilling the terms of a use in a layer fondation are the evaluated through leaching tests. The concrete party concerns the formulation of the concretes containing Dunkerk sediment. After the characterisation of these materials, three concretes were the object of a durability study vis-a-vis the external sulphate attack associated with a not destructive characterisation in order to study the influence of incorporation of sediment on properties of concretes. The artificial aggregates party presents the feasibility study of aggregates with sediment, the granular plate and the big-bag technique are two making method used
Nguyen, Thanh Binh. "Valorisation des sédiments de dragage traités par le procédé NOVOSOL(R) dans des matériaux d'assises de chaussée : comportement mécanique et environnemental". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/704/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe management of dredged sediments is a challenge for our society because of their huge volume. The contamination of heavy metals and organic micro pollutants make that the majority of dredged sediments are regarded as dangerous waste and are put in discharge. This isn't in the same point of view of the durable development policy: the French law supports the valorization so that only ultimate waste is put in discharge. In this context, Solvay Company has developed the process NOVOSOL(r) for the treatment of the dredged sediments polluted. The process comprises two stages: an immobilization of heavy metals by formation of apatite under a phosphatising reaction with acid phosphoric and a destruction of the organic matter by a calcination. The goal of this thesis is to use river sediments treated by the process NOVOSOL(r) in road base materials. Experimental studies in laboratory comprise two aspects: mechanical performance and leaching behaviour. The treated sediments by NOVOSOL(r) are introduced into road base mixes treated with cementitious binders as substitute for regular sand. The preparation of materials according to the normalized methodology in laboratory does not present any difficulty. As the treated sediments content increases, the water demand increases and the materials are less compact than reference material. This is due to the characteristics of treated sediments: important ratio of fines, friability and the porosity of granular. These characteristics have as a consequence to weaken the granular skeleton, which results in a reduction in the stiffness module of materials. On the other side, the reactivity of treated sediments NOVOSOL(r) in the matrix of cimentitious binder and a better homogeneity of materials lead to an improvement of the tensile strength. Mechanical performance of all the materials with of treated sediments NOVOSOL(r) evaluated by index of elastic quality is better than that of the reference material. .
Loustau, Cazalet Marie. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d'un sédiment marin traité aux liants hydrauliques : Évaluation de la mobilité potentielle des polluants inorganiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749917.
Pełny tekst źródłaAchour, Raouf. "Valorisation et caractérisation de la durabilité d’un matériau routier et d’un béton à base de sédiments de dragage". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10115/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe valorization of non-submersible marine sediments of the GPMD as a new aggregate presents alternative solutions in the field of civil engineering for a better management. The work of this thesis focus on the valorization study of marine sediment in road engineering and the study of the durability of concrete blocks made with sediment. The first part of valorization non-submeresible sediments in road engineering is divided into three steps :The first step was devoted to the physical, mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of these materials, as well as their chemical composition and environmental effects. The second step presents an experimental methodology for the development of a road foundation. The last step describes the construction of an experimental road and analyses the mechanical properties of cores drilled from the road and the results of deflection tests. An environmental assessment, based on leaching tests, was also performed.The second part of the thesis focuses on a durability study of two concrete blocks with two different percentages of sediment. This part is divided into three steps:In the first step, mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of two types of concrete containing12,5% and 20% of dredged marine sediments are presented and discussed. In the second step, we have examined the durability of these types of concrete with regards to alkali-aggregate reaction, sulphate attack and freezing and thawing cycles. The results of this study will serve in order to better understand the impact of the incorporation of sediments into the concrete and the effect on the mechanical resistance and the degradation mechanisms
Baux, Noemie. "Dynamique d'habitats benthiques sous contraintes anthropiques : le cas du site de dépôt de dragage d'Octeville". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC243/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of dumping by Le Havre harbour on the faunistic and sedimentary environment near the Octeville dumping site (Eastern part of the bay of Seine). This thesis propose an original scientific approach, including an integrated view (1) by the use of geochemical markers coupled with a sedimentary study (2) a study of the spatial and temporal benthic macrofauna dynamics with an experimentation in situ (3) the creation of a new multicriteria specific indicator of the dumping pressure and (4) a study of the food web with the development of an ECOPATH model. On the one hand, the results showed the existence of a sedimentary equilibrium area in the north-west, with two opposite TOC gradients, controlled by tidal and swell. Harbour sediments can be identified by their different chemical compositions. The area impacted by the dumping is limited. On the other hand, the benthic macrofauna appears less impacted by the dumping. The community is adapted in the bio-hydro-sedimentary environment of the study area. Variations in abundance and dominance have been observed since 2003.In addition, a new indicator allows the classification of dumping impact. The food web is currently stable in both impacted and not impacted areas
Le, Breton Laurence. "Etude du comportement des metaux traces(cuivre,plomb et zinc) associes aux sediments portuaires : applications aux incidences des operations de dragage dans deux ports de la cote vendeenne (doctorat environnement)". Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT13VS.
Pełny tekst źródłaBel, Hadj Ali Imen. "Contribution à l'étude des sédiments marins tunisiens : cas des ports de Radès et de Gabès". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0022.
Pełny tekst źródłaCommercial harbors, which represent the basis for numerous exchanges of goods and services at the national and international levels, play a key role in the Tunisian economy. Then, dredging of accumulated sediments has always been required to have a proper functioning of trade by sea. These sediments are either discarded at sea or landfilled. Disposal at sea is prohibited for polluted sediments but it remains the most adopted solution in Tunisia as it is the cheapest one.The objective of this research project is to study the environmental and geotechnical characteristics of sediments dredged from two Tunisian harbors: Rades and Gabes and to find new paths of management of at least one of these dredged sediments. Focus is made on the possibility of a recycling method, which consists in the reuse of sediments as added product in construction or road materials. This solution should have a great economic and environmental interest. The first harbor represents the main facility place in the national transport chain. The second one is selected as its sediments present a serious ecological constraint caused by the discharge of wastes into the marine environment. Physical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental characteristics are determined in order to draw up an accomplished synopsis of studied sediments
Hamdoun, Hakim. "Valorisation de sédiments de dragage en techniques routières et acceptabilité environnementale : caractérisation globale et études de mobilités d'éléments métalliques par extractions simples, séquentielles et cinétiques. Cas de sédiments de la Manche dans le cadre du projet SETARMS". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2033.
Pełny tekst źródłaEach year about 57 million tons of sediments are dredged from the channel ports. 90 % are directly dumped into the sea. As sea disposal is becoming more and more regulated, the management of dredged sediments is now a environmental and economical challenge for the ports authorities. This PhD thesis is part of the SETARMS project, that proposes to reuse dredged sediments for road construction, and studies sediments sampled in 13 ports across the Channel. The aim is to investigate the environmental impact of dredged sediments for a possible reuse after treatment with hydraulic binders. For that, the geochemical characterization of the dredged sediments was performed; the metals and metalloid enrichments were estimated; the elements mobility in the raw and treated sediments was studied. According the French and English thresholds references, disposal at sea is prohibited for all the sediments studied. Moreover, the enrichment and ecotoxicological index calculations show potential environmental risks for As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn mainly related to mining activities and river inputs for all samples. The results of the various chemical extractions (single, sequential and kinetic extractions) indicate high mobility of Cu, Pb and Zn and highlight the complementarity of the 3 chemical extraction protocols used, and the need to extend their simultaneous uses for such mobility study
Loustau, Cazalet Marie. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d’un sédiment marin traité aux liants hydrauliques : Évaluation de la mobilité potentielle des polluants inorganiques". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0012/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe dredging of French ports generates each year between 25 to 40 million tons of uncontaminated materials which are piled onto sea. Moreover, an important stock of contaminated sediments (about 10 million tons), which has to been dredged, exists. Indeed, the decree of June 14th, 2000 prohibits disposal to sea when levels of contamination exceed regulations. This important stock of sediment, which must be imperatively dredged within 10 years, is almost orphan of adapted treatment and valorization. In this context many research program appear to propose and to develop solutions. The SEDiGEST program (Management of the dredging sediments of ports) intends a scenario of filling terrestrial cavities with treated sediments. This Ph.D. thesis, carried out within the framework of this program, contributes to the improvement in understanding the geo-physico-chemical behavior of marine sediment stabilized with hydraulic binders (cement + lime). In this objective, the experimental approach was conducted in three steps. Firstly, a characterization of the solid was realized. An evaluation of the potential mobility of inorganic pollutants have was then determined. Finally, a modeling of the behavior towards leaching was operated. Data shown that target's inorganic pollutants of the matrix of study (copper, lead and zinc) were mainly associated with carbonates, sulfides/sulfates, (oxy)hydroxides, and/or with organic matter. Comparative study of the matrix at three levels “of evolution” (before and after treatment and artificially aged) highlights the reversibility of the stabilization by hydraulic binders. Indeed, treated sediment presents a pollution risk to less or more long term, leaching of copper and lead, during carbonation
Mac, Farlane Franck. "Méthodologie de gestion des matériaux de dragage maritime : application au port de Dunkerque". Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0203.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeaports must realise regular maintenance dredging on their site, in order to evacuate significant volumes of marine sediments. The dredging aims to maintain the required depth for ships in the port. My work aims to propose a management methodology for dredged materials characterisation, by making a seaport zoning. This approach is based on all available data on site exploitation, without doing complementary mechanical and physicochemical analyses. The zoning allows to differentiate numerous types of sediments, but also various pollution. Suitable treatments could be applied on the dredged material to neutralise or destroy the pollutants, in order to develop these materials for civil engineering. The application takes place in the Port of Dunkirk Authority (PAD), within its twin port: The Western Port is a tidal port and the Eastern Port is behind locks. Results show different materials and various pollution in the seaport, according to the sampling place. It shows also that the zoning methodology is a good way to manage seaport data. With such results, we could know pollution sources in order to prevent sediments contamination
Kasmi, Abdelhafid. "Prétraitement et traitement des sédiments fluviaux en vue d’une valorisation en technique routière". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10173/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work in this thesis focuses on the valorization of river sediments in sub-base. The characterization of these sediments allowed us to draw up their detailed identity card including physico-chemical geotechnical and environmental properties. This characterization is essential before any approach aiming to evaluate the potential use of the sediments in road engineering. The dehydration of the sediments is an essential pretreatment. Their dehydration has been optimized by using a method known as “bed of drying”. The influence of dehydration on the sediments characteristics by adding polymers (auxiliary of flocculation) was explored. In order to improve the mechanical performances of sediments, several treatments were developed and tested such as hydraulic binders or addition of granular reinforcements. These various treatments were tested on flocculated and non-flocculated sediments. To optimize the compacity of river sediments-additions (Bolonnais Sand) mixtures, we used the Compressible Packing Model. These results lead us to build an experimental board to validate our approach of valorization. A mechanical and environmental follow-up and analysis of percolation and runoff waters were carried out. The results achieved in laboratory and in-situ consolidate us to use rivers sediments in sub-base
Marot, Franck. "Caractérisation et traitement de sédiments de dragage contenant des polluants métalliques". Le Havre, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEHA0009.
Pełny tekst źródłaBel, Hadj Ali Imen. "Contribution à l'étude des sédiments marins tunisiens : cas des ports de Radès et de Gabès". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957865.
Pełny tekst źródłaLecomte, Tristan. "Évaluation environnementale des sédiments de dragage et de curage dans la perspective de leur valorisation dans le domaine du génie civil". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe management and beneficial reuse of non-immersible dredged sediments are major scientific and industrial issues. The industrial research chair " Circular Economy of Sediments: EcoSed ", launched in 2014 by IMT Lille Douai, aims at answering these issues through a multidisciplinary approach. As part of this Doctoral Thesis, investigations were carried out under a partnership research context by combining sediment managers and industrial partners. More specifically, this work aims at (i) to set up a methodological approach to measuring the intrinsic eco-toxicity of sediments prior to their beneficial reuse; (ii) to implement the multi-scale national approach “SEDIMATERIAUX” to check the environmental safety of marine dredged sediment used as aggregates in road concretes; (iii) to compare the national approach on the reuse of alternative materials in road engineering with the European framework developed for environmental assessment of construction products. The results of this work allowed to propose a preparation protocol for the sediment matrix and a sensitive battery of bioassays. Environmental assessment of marine sediments reuse in the field of civil engineering (road concrete, roadbed, roller compacted concrete) allowed validating the environmental safety of these materials and to highlight the achievement of the good trace elements stabilization through their microstructure