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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 7 lipca 2024

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1

Marcolino, Paulo José Carvalho. "Factores psicológicos do doping-atitudes perante o doping no desporto". Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29335.

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2

Strindberg, Jonas, i Mathias Nilsson. "Doping : Ett samhällsproblem". Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27141.

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Doping är ett vitt begrepp och omfattar en hel del olika illegala preparat. Det som i idrottens regelverk anses vara doping är betydligt mer omfattande än vad som enligt lag anses vara doping. Vi har i vår rapport främst främst valt att belysa problematiken kring AAS i samhället. AAS står för anabola androgena steroider. Preparaten togs fram i slutet av 30-talet i medicinskt syfte, men i dag används AAS främst som dopingpreparat. AAS i samband med träning ger en muskeluppbyggande effekt. Biverkningarna är många t.ex. aggressivitet, depression och ångest. Dopingproblematiken växer i samhället och det är inte längre bara våra elitidrottare som dopar sig, utan nu har problemet spridit sig till det övriga samhället där personer dopar sig av olika anledningar. Kunskapen i ämnet är allmänt dålig exempelvis hos polis och åklagare. Det är svårt att bevisa kopplingen mellan våldsbrott och AAS eftersom det finns väldigt lite forskning och statistik. Vi har försökt få klarhet i våra frågeställningar genom att kontakta ett flertal dopingexperter samt tagit del av deras studier och material. Vi kan konstatera att problemet finns och att det växer. Det är definitivt inte längre bara ett problem inom idrotten utan också ett samhällsproblem.

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3

Nilsson, John. "Doping - ett samhällsproblem?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33710.

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Min vilja har varit att undersöka attityden till dopingmedel i det svenska samhället och då i synnerhet inom gymkulturen. Med ett nytt globalt och massmedialt klimat som medfört ett snabbare informationsutbyte och sociala förändringar kan människors attityder och moraliska ställningstaganden förändras i en allt större takt. Vilket kan leda till nya vanor och beteendemönster. Studieresultaten är grundade på den enkät jag skickade ut till femhundra slumpvis utvalda personer på tidskriften Bodys hemsida, samt den litteraturstudie som är fundamentet i min teoribakgrund. Resultaten av studien visar att det är lätt att få tag på dopingmedel i Sverige och att de är flitigt förekommande i gymkulturen av idag. Vidare finns det en hel del människor som är beredda att prova på dopingmedel oavsett bieffekterna. I ljuset av studieresultaten hävdar jag att det skulle ligga i samhällets intresse att upplysa dess skolungdomar om farorna med dopingmedel.
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4

Petrisko, Lukáš. "Doping - pohledem ekonomie". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17077.

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My diploma thesis deals with doping and is specially focused on anabolic steroids. It was written in response to § 288 Criminal code, which newly describes production and other handling with hormonal effect as a delict in order to reduce the number of users, both among proffesional and among recreational sportsmen. It shows that sport federations have enough instruments to be able to face doping and that the newly adopted legal ragulation has a negative impact on human health, which is inconsistent with the reasons for which it was adopted.
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5

Chiarcos, Riccardo. "Polymeric Deterministic Doping". Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/128003.

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An accurate control of the dose and the position of dopant atoms in semiconductive materials is strictly required in the production of transistors with dimensions of few nanometers and is then strongly requested by microelectronics industry. In this thesis a doping technology based on functionalized polymers is proposed. Several dopant polymers were synthesized by ATRP, NMP and Solid-Phase synthesis and tested as dopant system. Because the control of the amount of dopant atoms is performed by a "grafting to" approach, the mechanism of this reaction was investigated deep inside. A new mechanochemical model for the "grafting to" reaction was proposed in contrast with the classical one, based on diffusion.
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6

Kern, Bastian. "Internationale Dopingbekämpfung - der World Anti-Doping Code der World Anti-Doping Agency /". Hamburg : Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2955-7.htm.

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7

Kern, Bastian. "Internationale Dopingbekämpfung der World-anti-doping-Code der World Anti-Doping Agency". Hamburg Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2955-7.htm.

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8

Reis, Claúdia Gabriela Marques dos. "Atitudes face ao doping". Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29391.

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9

Haug, Tanja. "Doping Dilemma des Leistungssports". Hamburg Merus-Verl, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2827041&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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10

Haug, Tanja. "Doping : Dilemma des Leistungssports /". Hamburg : Merus-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2827041&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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11

Kleinsorge, Britta Yvonne. "Doping of amorphous carbon". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621744.

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12

Sellame, Houda. "Doping of liquid crystals". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066485.

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Cette thèse concerne l’étude du dopage de cristaux liquides, par des matériaux organiques et inorganiques, dans les deux cas, intéressants pour leurs propriétés optiques. Le premier dopage concerne le dopage du cristal liquide nématique (5CB) avec une série de colorants organiques: les coumarins et l’oxazine 17, utilisés dans les lasers. Les propriétés de fluorescence ont été étudiées dans 5CB en comparaison avec des solvants isotropes. Les propriétés électro-optiques de trois types de cellules cristal liquide dopées avec les colorants ont été étudiées les résultats montrent comment l’émission des colorants peut être modulée par la polarisation de la lumière incidente, et par le champ électrique, et ce dans le but de produire de nouveaux afficheurs photoluminescents. Le transfert d’énergie entre deux colorants a été comparé entre 5CB et les solvants isotropes. Nous avons démonté que dans le cristal liquide nématique, le transfert résonant peut dominer le transfert radiatif quand ce n’est pas le cas des solvants anisotrope. Le deuxième dopage concerne le dopage du film du cristal liquide cholésterique (E7+MLC6247) avec des nanoparticules d’or. Un auto-assemblage des nanoparticules d’or dans le cristal liquide cholestérique à grande distance, a été obtenu, pour des nanoparticules initialement dispersées dans de l’eau ainsi que pour des nanoparticules dans le toluène. Les propriétés optiques plasmon des nanoparticules dans le cristal liquide cholestérique ont été mesurées, révélant qu’elles peuvent fournir des informations sur la localisation des nanoparticules dans la matrice cristal liquide cholestérique. Cela suggère pour le futur, qu’il est possible to controler les propriétés optiques des films hybrides, soit avec la température soit avec la polarisation de la lumière incidente, comme paramètres externes
This thesis has been dedicated to the study of doping of two types of liquid crystals with two kinds of materials: organic and inorganic one, both for optical properties. The first doping concerns doping of nematic liquid crystal (5CB) with the series of organic dyes Coumarin and oxazine 17, usually used for lasers. The fluorescence properties have been studied in 5CB in comparison with isotropic solvents. Electro-optic properties of three types of cells doped by the organic dyes has been studied, revealing how the emission of the dyes can be tuned by polarization of incident light and electric field, in order to produce new photoluminescent LCDs. Energy transfer between two dyes has been compared in 5CB and in isotropic solvents. We demonstrate that in nematic liquid crystals, resonance transfer dominates radiative transfer at a concentration of 0. 3wt%. The second doping concerns doping of cholesteric liquid crystal film (E7+MLC6247) with gold nanoparticles. In this section, self-assembling of gold nanoparticles inside cholesteric liquid crystal at long range has been obtained, even for gold nanoparticles initially dispersed in water. The optical plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles inside cholesteric liquid crystal have been measured, revealing that they can provide informations on the localization of the particles within the cholesteric matrix. It suggests the possibility for the future, to tune the optical
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13

Adolphsen, Jens. "Internationale Dopingstrafen /". Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/366248219.pdf.

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14

Glocker, Moritz. "Die strafrechtliche Bedeutung von Doping : de lege lata und de lege ferenda /". Frankfurt, M. ; Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York Oxford Wien : Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996183191/04.

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15

Lin, Xin. "Molecular Doping of Organic Semiconductors". Thesis, Princeton University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10752186.

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Molecular doping of organic semiconductors is becoming exceedingly important and has led to significant commercial developments in organic electronics, since it allows to overcome performance deficiencies and material limitations.

Increasing attention has recently been placed on using very low concentrations of dopants to eliminate the effect of gap states in organic semiconductors, in order to improve carrier mobility, adjust the energy level alignment at interfaces, and achieve overall better device performance. However, direct spectroscopic observations and quantitative analyses have not been done yet to study the impact of dopants on the density of states of organic semiconductors. Here, by using a combination of electron spectroscopy and carrier transport measurements, we investigate the distribution of valence and gap states in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) upon the introduction of minute amounts of the p-dopant molybdenum tris[1,2-bis-(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene] (Mo(tfd)3). We observe the progressive filling (and deactivation) of the deepest tail states accompanied by a decrease of the hopping transport activation energy by charges introduced by the dopants, as well as a significant broadening of the CuPc density of states. Simulations relate this broadening to the electrostatic and structural disorder induced by the dopant in the CuPc matrix.

Another challenge in this field is n-type doping. Although a variety of stable molecular p-dopants have been developed and successfully deployed in devices, air-stable molecular n-dopants suitable for materials with low electron affinity, which are exceedingly important in a range of applications, are essentially non-existent. We demonstrate a major advance to n-dope very low electron affinity organic semiconductors using cleavable air-stable dimeric dopants. Although the reduction potentials of these host materials are beyond the thermodynamic reach of the dimer's effective reducing strength, photo-activation of the doped system can result in kinetically stable and efficient n-doping. High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes are fabricated by using electron-transport layers doped in this manner. Our strategy thus enables a new paradigm for using air-stable molecular dopants to improve conductivity in organic semiconductors with very low electron affinity and provide ohmic contacts to these materials regardless of the electrode work function, giving more freedom to device design and optimization.

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16

Menke, Torben. "Molecular Doping of Organic Semiconductors". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-121305.

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This work aims at improving the understanding of the fundamental physics behind molecular doping of organic semiconductors, being a requirement for efficient devices like organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPV). The underlying physics is studied by electrical conductivity and thermoelectrical Seebeck measurements and the influences of doping concentration and temperature are investigated. Thin doped layers are prepared in vacuum by thermal co-evaporation of host and dopant molecules and measured in-situ. The fullerene C60, known for its high electron mobility, is chosen as host for five different n-dopants. Two strongly ionizing air-sensitive molecules (Cr2(hpp)4 and W2(hpp)4) and three air-stable precursor compounds (AOB, DMBI-POH and o-MeO-DMBI-I) which form the active dopants upon deposition are studied to compare their doping mechanism. High conductivities are achieved, with a maximum of 10.9 S/cm. Investigating the sample degradation by air-exposure, a method for regeneration is proposed, which allows for device processing steps under ambient conditions, greatly enhancing device fabrication possibilities. Various material combinations for p-doping are compared to study the influence of the molecular energy levels of host (MeO-TPD and BF-DPB) and dopant (F6-TCNNQ and C60F36). Corrections for the only estimated literature values for the dopant levels are proposed. Furthermore, the model system of similar-sized host pentacene and dopant F4-TCNQ is studied and compared to theoretical predictions. Finally, a model is developed that allows for estimating charge carrier mobility, density of free charge carriers, doping efficiency, as well as the transport level position from combining conductivity and Seebeck data
Diese Arbeit untersucht organische Halbleiter und den Einfluss von molekularer Dotierung auf deren elektrische Eigenschaften, mit dem Ziel effizientere Bauelemente wie organische Leuchtdioden oder Solarzellen zu ermöglichen. Mittels Leitfähigkeitsuntersuchungen sowie thermoelektrischen Seebeck-Messungen werden die Einflüsse der Dotierkonzentration sowie der Temperatur auf die elektrischen Eigenschaften dünner dotierter Schichten analysiert. Das Abscheiden der Schichten durch Koverdampfen im Vakuum ermöglicht eine in-situ Analyse. Das Fulleren C60, bekannt für besonders hohe Elektronenbeweglichkeit, wird als Wirt für fünf verschieden n-Dotanden, zwei extrem stark ionisierende luftreaktive (Cr2(hpp)4 und W2(hpp)4) sowie drei luftstabile (AOB, DMBI-POH und o-MeO-DMBI-I), verwendet. Dies ermöglicht Schlüsse auf die unterschiedlichen zugrunde liegenden Dotiermechanismen und das Erreichen von Leitfähigkeiten von bis zu 10.9 S/cm. Für einen der luftreaktiven Dotanden wird die Probendegradation an Luft untersucht und eine Regenerationsmethode aufgezeigt, die Prozessierungsschritte in Luft erlaubt und somit entscheidend für zukünftige Bauelementfertigung sein könnte. Verschiedene p-dotierte Materialkombinationen werden untersucht, um den Einfluss der molekularen Energieniveaus von Wirt (MeO-TPD und BF-DPB) und Dotand (F6-TCNNQ und C60F36) auf die Dotierung zu studieren. Dies ermöglicht Schlussfolgerungen auf die in der Literatur bisher nur abgeschätzten Energieniveaus dieser Dotanden. Ferner werden die Eigenschaften des bereits theoretisch modellierten Paares Pentacen und F4-TCNQ mit den Vorhersagen verglichen und die Abweichungen diskutiert. Abschießend wird ein Modell entwickelt, das die Abschätzung von Dotiereffizienz, Ladungsträgerkonzentration, Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeit sowie der Position des Transportniveaus aus Leitfähigkeits- und Seebeck-Messungen erlaubt
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17

Pradissitto, Jasmine Joanne. "Rare earth doping of silicon". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339159.

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18

Sung, Talun. "Doping diamond by forced diffusion /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9720551.

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19

Reimann, Vanessa. "Doping im Arbeitsverhältnis des Berufssportlers /". Duisburg ; Köln : WiKu, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995083770/04.

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20

Shinohara, Hajime. "Doping studies of frustrated magnets". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276013.

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Doping nonmagnetic materials is known as an effective way of investigating the properties of frustrated magnets. LiCuSbO4 is one of the simplest quasi-one dimensional spin-1/2 magnets which can be modelled with ferromagnetic(FM) nearest neighbour and antiferromagnetic (AFM) next nearest neighbour interactions. Here, doping with both non-magnetic ions, Zn, Mg, and magnetic ions, Co, is investigated. LiCu1-xMxSbO4 (M=Mg, Zn, Co 0≦x≦0.1) samples were synthesized by a ceramics process. At higher doping levels (x≧0.04), paramagnetic Curie features are observed below 4 K, however the broad peak characteristic of short range ordering at 6 K is retained. Isothermal magnetization indicates that the critical field found at 12 T in LiCuSbO4 was shifted by Zn and Mg doping. While the field is increased as the amount of Mg doping, it was increased as Zn doping in the range of 0≦x≦0.02 but decreased by x≧0.04. The trend in critical field is observed to follow that of the c lattice parameter for both Zn and Mg doping. On doping with Co2+ (S = 3/2), a low temperature Curie feature was observed from x=0.02. The value of the critical field increased on doping from (x=0) 12 T for 13.5 T (x=0.10). As for non-magnetic doping the trend in Hc has the same behaviour as the lattice parameter. The effect of doping on the pyrochlore spin ice A2B2O7 is also explored. The effect of oxygen vacancies induced by the aliovalent substitution on the B site on the crystal electric field was explored in the ceramic solid solutions. The effect of aliovalent doping on the pyrochlore A2Sn2(1-x)Sc2xO7-x (A=Ho and Dy 0≦x≦0.10) Tb2B2(1-x)Sc2xO7-x (B=Sn and Ti 0≦x≦0.05) were studied. While no dramatic changes of the saturation value of isothermal magnetization and heat capacities was observed in Dy2Sn2O7 by Sc doping in the range of 0≦x≦0.1, the saturation value of isothermal magnetization and magnetic entropy in Ho2Sn2O7 was clearly increased by Sc doping more than x=0.05, This difference could be from the difference of Kramer’s and non-Kramer’s spins between Dy and Ho, as while Dy is a Kramer’s ion and its ground state is protected, Ho is a non-Kramer’s ion and its ground state could be split. While Tb2Sn2O7 is known as quantum spin ice, Tb2Ti2O7 is known as spin liquid. A peak at 6 K of heat capacity, which is assigned as being due to a crystal electric field excitation to an excited doublet in Tb2Sn2O7 and Tb2Ti2O7 was observed in the Tb2Sn2(1-x)Sc2xO7-x sample. However in Tb2Ti2(1-x)Sc2xO7-x it was not observed. This indicates that the increased strain in the ceramic solid solution has a larger impact on the crystal electric field.
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21

Sgarbossa, Francesco. "Innovative Methods for Germanium Doping". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422706.

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One of the main goals in the semiconductor research is the production of a shallow junctions conformal to the surface of a device. This request emerges from the increasing importance of nanostructured devices made by semiconductor materials like multi-gate transistors. The 3D geometry of these devices implies the capability to dope the semiconductor material in a nanostructured, non-planar geometry, which continues to be a difficult task. One of the most promising techniques for the deposition and diffusion of a well-defined amount of dopant is based on the use of self-limiting chemical deposition on semiconductor surfaces: that is the key points of the monolayer doping technique (MLD). This particular technique consists in adsorbing a monolayer of a molecular precursor by a self-limited surface adsorption interaction, which leads to an adsorbed mono- or multilayers formation. This layer(s) acts as a source of dopant for the substrate in-diffusion. This new technique allows to dope not only 3D nano-structured materials with an intrinsically conformal method, but also flat semiconductor surfaces by avoiding the ion implantation technique and the consequent damage of the crystal lattice. On the other hand, germanium is actually a very interesting semiconductor: small band-gap and high charge carrier mobilities have been recently making it more and more appealing in several application fields, from nano-electronics to photovoltaics, from optics to radiation detectors. This work is focused on the challenging n-type doping of Ge by using new doping methods based on the surface interaction between molecular precursors and germanium (001) surface. A complete study on phosphorus monolayer doping technique on germanium is presented, using surface molecular precursor, and also a new antimony self-limiting deposition via gas phase has been discovered and tested as a new technique to synthesized a surface monolayer that can be used as a source for Ge doping. The P and Sb ML sources are synthesised in a completely different way: the phosphorus precursors depositions is done via wet chemistry, using a reflux method or by using a dry procedure in a dry-box ambient both near 160°C, while the antimony monolayer is deposited via gas phase in a nitrogen flux at high temperature (about 600°C Uno dei principali obiettivi della ricerca nel campo dei semiconduttori è la produzione di giunzioni sottili conformi alla superficie. Questa richiesta emerge da un crescente uso di strutture di dimensioni nanometriche nei nuovi dispositivi a semiconduttore, le quali necessitano di nuovi metodi di drogaggio compatibili anche con geometrie non planari e adatte alla nano-scala. Una delle più promettenti tecniche che è stata proposta negli ultimi anni è chiamata “Monolayer Doping” (MLD). Proposta per la prima volta su silicio, essa si basa sul deposito di monostrati molecolari sulla superficie dei semiconduttori: la molecola depositata fungerà poi da sorgente di drogante superficiale, il quale diffonderà nel materiale a seguito di processi termici diffusivi. Grazie all’intrinseca natura conforme di questa tecnica, essa è compatibile con strutture tridimensionali anche alla nano-scala e grazie al suo basso costo, è adatta anche per il drogaggio su larga scala. Oggigiorno il germanio è ritornato ad essere un materiale semiconduttore in luce nel campo della ricerca scientifica per le sue ritrovate interessanti proprietà elettriche, come la mobilità dei portatori, la sua piccola band-gap e la scoperta della possibilità di promuovere transizioni dirette tramite l’uso di stress e alti drogaggi: grazie ad esse, nuove sue applicazioni nella nano-elettronica e nel termo-fotovoltaico, ma anche nella plasmonica e nei detector sono sempre più studiate nella letteratura scientifica. Questo lavoro si è focalizzato nello studio del drogaggio di tipo n del germanio, utilizzando la tecnica MLD: in particolare è stato studiato il comportamento e la reattività superficiale di questo semiconduttore con diversi precursori. Sono stati utilizzati tre diversi precursori del fosforo, appartenenti a tre famiglie di composti a base di P, fatti reagire o per via chimica in riflusso o tramite l’uso di una dry-box, mentre un nuovo fenomeno di adsorbimento autolimitante è stato scoperto e testato per il caso dell’antimonio, a partire da una sorgente gassosa. Alla luce di tutti gli studi è emerso che il comportamento dell’ossido di germanio gioca in tutti i casi un ruolo cruciale. Nei casi in studio, la formazione del legame P-O-Ge e Sb-O-Ge è alla base della formazione e della stabilità dei layer, ma determina anche il mancato rilascio della specie drogante. Infatti, le specie atomiche P e Sb debbono essere rilasciati dal layer e debbono diffondere nel semiconduttore sottostante come conseguenza del trattamento termico applicato. Un comportamento completamente diverso è stato rilevato tramite l’uso della tecnica “Pulsed Laser Melting” applicata ai monostrati molecolari sulla superficie di Ge. Tramite l’uso di impulsi laser nell’ultravioletto, tutti i precursori utilizzati hanno agito fungendo da sorgenti di drogante per il substrato. Nel caso dei vari precursori del fosforo, sono stati rilevati diversi comportamenti a seconda della tipologia del precursore, anche se in tutti i casi è sempre stata rilevata una diffusione del P e la formazione di una zona drogata superficialmente. Alla luce dei risultati diffusivi, per i precursori molecolari a base di fosforo trattamenti multi-impulso sono preferibili. Nel caso della sorgente di antimonio, tutto il monolayer è risultato disponibile alla diffusione già a seguito di un trattamento mono-impulso, sebbene la sorgente di partenza fosse un ossido stabile di antimonio. Le evidenze sperimentali suggeriscono che il laser abbia non solo un effetto sul riscaldamento della superficie del germanio, ma anche un effetto riducente. La creazione di giunzioni superficiali con concentrazioni di oltre 10^20 cm^-3 Sb, con il 100% di attivazione elettrica, è la chiara dimostrazione di come la tecnica PLM utilizzata ad esempio con una sorgente Sb ML sia un valido metodo di drogaggio per il Ge.
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22

Meyer, Elisabeth Uta. "Der gesellschaftliche Doping-Diskurs : Analysen zum Dopingproblem und mögliche Lösungsstrategien /". München : GRIN-Verl, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2938676&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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23

Lemang, Mathilde. "Enjeux de siliciuration pour des technologies avancées de la microélectronique : étude de l'interaction entre les siliciures de NiPt et le phosphore". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0469/document.

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Dans le but d’intégrer des technologies CMOS avec des cellules mémoires, une seule étape de siliciuration de tous les contacts permettrait de diminuer les couts et de faciliter l’intégration. La formation de siliciure simultanément au niveau des sources, drains et grilles avec du NiPt(10 at.%) est nécessaire pour la technologie FD-SOI parce que cette dernière induit des spécifications exigeantes en ce qui concerne la siliciuration. En effet, le siliciure formé avec le procédé Salicide se doit d’être très fin et stable pour contenir le phénomène de diffusion anormale du Ni qui pourrait être à l’origine de fuites de la jonction. De plus, la réduction des dimensions des cellules mémoires nécessite l’incorporation de dopants d’une manière alternative à l’implantation ionique. L’introduction de dopage au phosphore de manière in-situ pendant le dépôt de silicium nécessite la compréhension de l’interaction du siliciure et des dopants. Dans cette étude, différents types de dopage sont étudiés dans des substrats mono et poly-cristallins afin de correspondre aux multiples types de silicium qui sont présents dans les technologies et qui nécessitent une siliciuration. La redistribution du phosphore entraînée par la formation du siliciure est étudiée et discutée à l’aide de caractérisations par sonde atomique tomographique et spectrométrie de masse à ionisation secondaire à temps de vol. De plus, la réaction à l’état solide est étudiée à l’aide de diffraction par rayons-X afin de comprendre l’impact des dopants sur la séquence de phases. Finalement, la redistribution des dopants observée expérimentalement est étayée par des simulations basées sur un modèle par éléments finis
For the purpose of co-integrating the CMOS technology with memory cells, a unique step of silicidation of all the contacts would decrease costs and ease the integration. The simultaneous silicide formation on the source, drain and gate contacts with NiPt(10 at.%) is required for the FD-SOI technology because the latter induces challenging specifications for the silicidation. As a matter of fact, the silicide formed with the Salicide process must be very thin and stable to contain the NiSi piping phenomenon that could lead to junction leakage. Meanwhile, new integration roads and the reduction of the dimensions of the memory cells arise the need of other ways of dopant incorporation as a substitute to ionic implantation. The introduction of phosphorus by in-situ doping during the deposition of silicon requires the understanding of the interaction of silicide and dopants with this configuration. In this study the metallization of phosphorus doped Si is presented. Different doping types are investigated with mono and poly-crystalline substrates in order to match the various silicon layers needing a silicidation and present in the technologies. The phosphorus redistribution occurring during silicide formation is studied and discussed thanks to Atom Probe Tomography and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analyses. Moreover, the solid-state reaction is studied thanks to X-Ray diffraction to understand the dopants’ impact on the phase sequence. Finally, the dopant redistribution is analyzed thanks to modeling
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Karakaya, Ilkin. "Doping und Unterlassen als strafbare Körperverletzung? /". Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/373364423.pdf.

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Pirnat, Jochen. "Doping im Hochleistungssport : eine ökonomische Analyse /". Saarbrücken : VDM Verl. Müller, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016725300&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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26

Liljergren, Linnéa, i Sofia Möller. "Bekämpning av doping : Polisen och idrotten". Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27201.

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AAS (Anabola Androgena Steroider) vållar stora problem i samhället. Det har visat sig att det är många personer utan någon direkt anknytning till idrotten som missbrukar AAS samtidigt som det finns en stark koppling till styrketräning. Missbruket kan leda till personlighetsförändringar såsom ökad aggressivitet och man kan se samband mellan AAS och besinningslösa våldsbrott. 1999 kriminaliserades det egna bruket av dopningsmedel men det är få som känner till detta såväl inom polisen, idrotten och samhället i övrigt. Polisen har genom kriminaliseringen fått ökade möjligheter att arbeta mot dopning men det är fortfarande få personer som blir lagförda för brott mot dopningslagen. Idrottens regelverk är omfattande men syftar främst till att få en ”ren” idrott. Vi vill i detta arbete belysa polisens och idrottens arbete mot dopning men även undersöka möjligheter till samverkan.

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27

Slinger, Jane Bronwyn. "Post-deposition doping of silicon nanowires". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5695.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc
Silicon nanowires (Si NWs) continue to demonstrate superior properties to their bulk counterparts, with respect to their morphological and electrical transport properties for the use in photovoltaic (PV) applications. The two most common and simplest approaches for Si NW fabrication are the bottom-up approach, namely, vapour-liquidsolid (VLS) growth and the top-down approach, namely, the metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) fabrication technique. Thermal diffusion of phosphorus (P) in Si is at present the primary method for emitter formation in Si solar cell processing. Most work done in the literature that is based on the diffusion doping of Si NWs has been carried out by means of VLS-grown Si NWs. Therefore, there is a lack of the understanding of the particular diffusion mechanism of applying the phosphorus dopant source to the MaCE-grown Si NWs.
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Albrecht, Reyk. "Doping und Wettbewerb : eine ethische Reflexion /". Freiburg, Br. ; München : Alber, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989170500/04.

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Albrecht, Reyk. "Doping und Wettbewerb eine ethische Reflexion". Freiburg, Br. München Alber, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989170500/04.

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Lenz, Ralf. "Die Verfassungsmäßigkeit von Anti-Doping-Bestimmungen /". Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/31201385X.pdf.

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Ryley, Stephen. "Competitive doping in heterocyclic conducting polymers". Thesis, Coventry University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362077.

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Samuels, Alexander James. "Molecular doping of graphene based materials". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600033.

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Carbon is one of the most versatile materials available to man, for hundreds of years the 3D forms of carbon (diamond and graphite) have been exploited for their electrical and physical properties, however only in recent decades have the OD (fullerenes), 1D (nanotubes) and 2D (graphene) forms of carbon been available to study and use for new technologies. The experimental realisation of single layer (SLG) and few layer (FLG) graphene has led to an explosion of interest in the properties and capabilities of this material. Although single layer graphene had been considered theoretically a number of years earlier, it had long been the consensus that a single atom thick material would not be stable in the free state.
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RIBEIRO, MARIO LUIS PIRES GONCALVES. "CARBON DOPING IN INAIAS EPITAXIAL LAYERS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2651@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
ERICSSON DO BRASIL
É reconhecido o potencial de usar carbono como um dopante tipo p em InAlAs devido a obtenção de elevados níveis de dopagem [1,2]. Entretanto, níveis elevados de dopagem só são alcançados em baixas temperaturas de crescimento (Tg inferiores a 600°C). Nessas temperaturas, as camadas crescidas apresentam qualidade ótica inferior quando comparadas com camadas crescidas em temperaturas mais altas, o que é prejudicial para dispositivos de optoeletrônica. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma investigação sistemática das propriedades de transporte e óticas em camadas de InAlAs dopadas com carbono para diferentes temperaturas de crescimento. É observado que quanto mais baixa for a Tg maior será a incorporação de carbono e maior a atividade elétrica. Este resultado indica que o carbono é incorporado de diversas maneiras, bem como um aceitador raso. O carbono também pode ser incorporado como um doador raso, pois é um dopante anfotérico. Entretanto, este fato, não é suficiente para explicar os resultados de transporte. A diferença entre a concentração Hall e a concentração CV indica a incorporação de doadores profundos. Provavelmente, o carbono participa na formação desses doadores profundos, uma vez que a concentração de doador profundo varia linearmente com a densidade atômica de carbono, determinada pela técnica SIMS. Por outro lado, centros não radiativos são mais facilmente incorporados em baixas Tg e a eficiência da fotoluminescência é reduzida. Essa degradação da fotoluminescência é independente da concentração de carbono, consequentemente, pode-se concluir que essa redução na eficiência da fotoluminescência não está associada à presença de doadores profundos. Com a finalidade de obter um incremento na atividade elétrica do carbono e melhoria na qualidade ótica das camadas, as amostras foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos. Os tratamentos térmicos aumentaram a concentração de buracos mas não influenciaram na densidade de doadores profundos ou na qualidade ótica das camadas. Para a utilização de InAlAs dopado com carbono em dispositivos, deve-se obter simultaneamente uma boa qualidade ótica e elevada atividade elétrica das camadas.Então, deve-se identificar o doador profundo, que está associado ao carbono, com o objetivo de reduzí-lo ou eliminá-lo e consequentemente, obter um incremento na atividade elétrica das camadas. Desta forma as camadas podem ser crescidas a temperaturas mais altas adequadas para uma emissão de fotoluminescência eficiente. Cálculos teóricos são apresentados de modo a ajudar essa identificação. Outra possibilidade é usar diferentes fontes de arsina em que as moléculas se dissociem em temperaturas mais baixas.
The potential of using carbon as a p-type dopant for InAlAs has already been recognized due to the achievable high hole concentration [1,2]. However, high doping levels are reached only for low growth teperatures (Tg below 600°C). These temperatures produce layers with poor optical quality as compared to those grown at higher temperatures, which can be detrimental for optoeletronic device. In this work we present crystal, transport and optical properties of such layers grown at different temperatures. We find that the lower Tg, the more efficient the carbon incorporation and its electrical activity are. This result indicates that carbon is incorporated in forms different from a shallow acceptor, as well. Carbon can also be incorporated as a shallow donor since it is an amphoteric dopant. However, this alone does not explain the transport results. The difference between the net free charge density determined from capacitance measurements indicates that a deep donor is also incorporated. Carbon most likely participates in the deep donor formation since the inferred deep donor concentration varies linearly with the carbon atomic density measured by SIMS. On the other hand, non- radiative deep levels are more efficiently incorporated as Tg is reduced degrading the photoluminescence characteristics. Such degration is independent of the carbon doping. Therefore, one concludes that the decrease in the photoluminescence efficiency cannot be related to the presence of the deep donor mentioned in the previous paragraph. To further probe the carbon electrical activity and its effect on the optical properties of the layers, the samples have been subjected to a heat-treatment. Annealing the samples increases the hole concentration, but neither affects the deep donor density nor improves the layers optical quality. In order to use carbon doped InAlAs in devices which simultaneously require good optical quality and high electrical activity of the layers, one should identify the deep donor involving carbon in order to try to reduce its concentration or even eliminate it, consequently improving the electrical activity of the layers. In such a way the layers can be grown at higher temperatures, adequate for an efficient photoluminescence emission. Theoretical calculations are being carried out to help with such identification. Another possibility is to use other arsine sources which crack at lower temperatures.
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34

Figura, Lars. "Doping zwischen Freiheitsrecht und notwendigem Verbot". Aachen Meyer & Meyer, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992334292/04.

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35

Yang, Zheng. "Doping in zinc oxide thin films". Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359913.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 12, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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36

Amos, Anne. "Anti-Doping Policy: Rationale or Rationalisation?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5437.

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Since 1998 anti-doping policy has undergone massive change. The level of world-wide cooperation involved in establishing an international anti-doping system is unprecedented in the history of the regulation of performance enhancing substances in sport. Such cooperation and the unipartite nature of public doping discourse give the impression that anti-doping policy is clear, unproblematic and universally acceptable. However, scratching the harmonious surface of modern anti-doping approaches reveals fundamental problems and inconsistencies, the two most basic of which go to the very core of the policy. Basic issues — what constitutes doping and the reasons why we prohibit it — are still unsettled, lack clarity and give rise to many significant operational issues. For instance, the definition of ‘doping’ in doping discourse is quite different from the definition in the World Anti-Doping Code: what is thought of as ‘doping’ is very different from what is punished as ‘doping.’ Moreover, the commonly suggested anti-doping rationales do not adequately explain the present prohibition on the use of performance enhancing substances in sport. In light of this uncertainty, two questions arise: why is there so much confusion and why do we prohibit doping in sport? Desmond Manderson, in his study of the origins of illicit drug laws, has wrestled with a similar question; his conclusions are that drugs have been prohibited more for what they symbolise than their pharmacological properties. This thesis argues that, in a similar way to illicit drug policy, the symbolism of performance enhancing substances in sport has played a major role in the development of anti-doping policy. To demonstrate the influence of such symbolism, three significant time periods in anti-doping history are considered in the thesis: the 1920s, the 1960s and the 1970s. The most formative aspect of symbolism in the 1920s, when anti-doping rules were first passed, was the association between doping and illicit drug taking. The stigma attached to stereotypical images of illicit drug-users contributed to ‘doping’ being viewed as contrary to the amateur ethos and the adoption of a regulatory system modelled on illicit drug policy approaches. In the 1960s, when anti-doping policy began in earnest, illicit drug symbolism was also extremely influential. Concerns regarding drug addiction in sport fuelled fears about the health of the athlete which were prominent in doping discourse at this time. Combined with a strong belief in the power of drugs in general, illicit drug symbolism led to the expansion of the illicit drug model of regulation to include illicit drug style testing. Doping changed in the 1970s with the emergence of training drugs such as anabolic steroids. Steroids became strongly associated with ‘communist’ athletes and were viewed as extremely powerful transforming drugs. A kind of steroid hysteria was thereby created in doping discourse. Simultaneously, the continuing influence of illicit drug symbolism meant that the previously adopted illicit drug model was also applied to steroids. The conclusion of the thesis is that anti-doping policy is not fundamentally a rational system: instead it has been driven much more by emotional factors such as public opinion than rational argument. Such a basis is bound to create confusion and explains many of the problems of current anti-doping policy. The way in which symbolism has led to the regulatory decisions in anti-doping history is summarised as constituting the ‘reactive regulation model’ in the concluding section of the thesis. This pattern of regulation has produced a number of important operational difficulties in current anti-doping law, the prime example being the ‘fallacy’ of in-competition drug testing to deal with the issue of training drugs such as steroids. Finally, it is argued that in light of the reactive nature of anti-doping policy, it is unlikely that recent challenges, such as gene doping and the use of non-analytical evidence, will be treated any differently to past challenges. Anti-doping policy has always been largely driven by reactions to symbolism; there is no reason to suspect this type of approach will change.
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37

Amos, Anne. "Anti-Doping Policy: Rationale or Rationalisation?" University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5437.

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Doctor of Philiosophy (PhD)
Since 1998 anti-doping policy has undergone massive change. The level of world-wide cooperation involved in establishing an international anti-doping system is unprecedented in the history of the regulation of performance enhancing substances in sport. Such cooperation and the unipartite nature of public doping discourse give the impression that anti-doping policy is clear, unproblematic and universally acceptable. However, scratching the harmonious surface of modern anti-doping approaches reveals fundamental problems and inconsistencies, the two most basic of which go to the very core of the policy. Basic issues — what constitutes doping and the reasons why we prohibit it — are still unsettled, lack clarity and give rise to many significant operational issues. For instance, the definition of ‘doping’ in doping discourse is quite different from the definition in the World Anti-Doping Code: what is thought of as ‘doping’ is very different from what is punished as ‘doping.’ Moreover, the commonly suggested anti-doping rationales do not adequately explain the present prohibition on the use of performance enhancing substances in sport. In light of this uncertainty, two questions arise: why is there so much confusion and why do we prohibit doping in sport? Desmond Manderson, in his study of the origins of illicit drug laws, has wrestled with a similar question; his conclusions are that drugs have been prohibited more for what they symbolise than their pharmacological properties. This thesis argues that, in a similar way to illicit drug policy, the symbolism of performance enhancing substances in sport has played a major role in the development of anti-doping policy. To demonstrate the influence of such symbolism, three significant time periods in anti-doping history are considered in the thesis: the 1920s, the 1960s and the 1970s. The most formative aspect of symbolism in the 1920s, when anti-doping rules were first passed, was the association between doping and illicit drug taking. The stigma attached to stereotypical images of illicit drug-users contributed to ‘doping’ being viewed as contrary to the amateur ethos and the adoption of a regulatory system modelled on illicit drug policy approaches. In the 1960s, when anti-doping policy began in earnest, illicit drug symbolism was also extremely influential. Concerns regarding drug addiction in sport fuelled fears about the health of the athlete which were prominent in doping discourse at this time. Combined with a strong belief in the power of drugs in general, illicit drug symbolism led to the expansion of the illicit drug model of regulation to include illicit drug style testing. Doping changed in the 1970s with the emergence of training drugs such as anabolic steroids. Steroids became strongly associated with ‘communist’ athletes and were viewed as extremely powerful transforming drugs. A kind of steroid hysteria was thereby created in doping discourse. Simultaneously, the continuing influence of illicit drug symbolism meant that the previously adopted illicit drug model was also applied to steroids. The conclusion of the thesis is that anti-doping policy is not fundamentally a rational system: instead it has been driven much more by emotional factors such as public opinion than rational argument. Such a basis is bound to create confusion and explains many of the problems of current anti-doping policy. The way in which symbolism has led to the regulatory decisions in anti-doping history is summarised as constituting the ‘reactive regulation model’ in the concluding section of the thesis. This pattern of regulation has produced a number of important operational difficulties in current anti-doping law, the prime example being the ‘fallacy’ of in-competition drug testing to deal with the issue of training drugs such as steroids. Finally, it is argued that in light of the reactive nature of anti-doping policy, it is unlikely that recent challenges, such as gene doping and the use of non-analytical evidence, will be treated any differently to past challenges. Anti-doping policy has always been largely driven by reactions to symbolism; there is no reason to suspect this type of approach will change.
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38

Arduca, E. "EX SITU DOPING OF SILICON NANOSTRUCTURES". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/483160.

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Over the last decades semiconducting nanostructures with reduced dimensionality have attracted considerable scientific interest due to their peculiar properties, arising from the interplay between quantum confinement and surface related effects. Among all the silicon nanostructures, Silicon Nanocrystals (Si NCs) represent a paradigmatic system because the attainable results are in the extreme case of nanoscaling, from bulk to 0D system. Therefore they are extremely useful for the understanding of other silicon systems with reduced dimensionality like nanowires, fins or nanosheet The problems of impurity incorporation and doping of Si NCs is actually very far from being understood and some important issues still need to be clarified from the experimental and theoretical point of view. Actually both p-type (B) and n-type (P, As) impurities have been successfully introduced in very small Si NCs by means of different experimental approaches. Nevertheless, very few data are available about the thermodynamic stability of the impurity atoms in the Si NCs. Usually, doping of Si NCs in a SiO2 matrix was performed by introducing the dopant in the matrix before NCs formation and subsequently inducing dopant incorporation and Si NCs formation simultaneously. This approach indicated that inclusion of electrically active impurities in Si NCs is kinetically possible. However, these results do not provide any information on the energetics of atomic transport at the NCs since the experiments were conducted out of equilibrium condition. In this thesis work, we developed an alternative experimental approach to tackle the fundamental issues od dopant incorporation at thermodynamic equilibrium. The main idea behind our approach is the decoupling of Si NCs synthesis from the dopant incorporation. The incorporation of Phosphorous (P) atoms is promoted in Si NCs after their formation, by delivering a controlled amount of dopant atoms from a spatially separated diffusion source. In this way, the energetics of trapping/detrapping of P in the NCs are measured at equilibrium and modelled as a function of the annealing temperature and time, avoiding kinetic effects due to NCs formation.
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39

Paul, Christian. "Grenzwerte im Doping : naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen und rechtliche Bedeutung /". Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/378200992.pdf.

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40

Natsch, Markus. "Dopingbekämpfung und Unschuldsvermutung die Rechtsprechung der Disziplinarkammer für Dopingfälle von Swiss Olympic unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Unschuldsvermutung". Bern Stämpfli, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3343394&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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41

Welander, Linnea. "Kvinnliga styrketränarens syn på doping : En kvalitativ studie om kvinnors upplevelse och attityd mot doping i sin gymmiljö". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78160.

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Introduction: The use of doping has become more normal outside of performance sports. People working out at the gym focus on creating a perfect body image. Social media shows us how we should look or eat to become more accepted by society. The female body image has changed over the years. Now it is more normal for women to have muscles but it is still important to remain their curves. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to get at deeper understanding how female weight lifters experience doping in their gym environment. We even look into how and if the body image affects women`s tolerance against doping. Methodology: The study uses a qualitative approach. Collection of data is done by personal and separate interviews. Results: The majority sees a connection between the female body image and the use of doping but thinks it is more common that young girl get affected. The participants have a negative attitude against doping and considers it as cheating. They mention that there is a fear of side effects.
Inledning: Användning av doping har blivit mer vanligt utanför elitidrotten Mycket kan handla  om att skapa en viss idealkropp. Sociala medier och likande visar upp bilder på hur kroppen ska vara byggd för att kunna bli accepterad i samhället. Den kvinnliga kroppsidealen har förändrat sig de senaste åren. Nu är det mer vanligt att kvinnor ska ha muskler men även bevara sina kurvor. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att få en djupare förståelse för den kvinnliga styrketränarens uppfattning och upplevelse av doping i vårt nuvarande samhälle. Studien undersöker enbart kvinnors syn och attityd mot doping i sin gymmiljö och hur de upplever att samhällets kroppsideal påverkar den. Metod: Studien använder sig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Datainsamlingen sker via enskilda semistruktuerade intervjuer. Som hjälpmedel används det en intervjuguide. Resultat: De flesta deltagarna kan se en koppling mellan kroppsidealen och doping hos kvinnor men tror att det påverkar mer yngre tjejer. Deltagarna anser doping som fusk och har en negativ inställning mot det. Även en rädsla för biverkningar nämns.
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42

Hageleit, Emmy, i Oliwia Knutar. "Ungdomars attityder till doping, ett samhällsperspektiv : En kvantitativ enkätstudie om ungdomars attityder till doping, prestationshöjande- och muskeluppbyggande preparat". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för folkhälso- och idrottssvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32806.

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Syfte och frågeställningar: Denna enkätstudie har behandlat attityder som 76 ungdomar i Sverige har till doping generellt och övergripande attityder till användning av prestationshöjande- och muskelbyggande preparat. Tycker ungdomarna att doping är ett samhällsproblem och bör det legaliseras samt om attityder varierar mellan killar och tjejer, aktiva och inaktiva? Studien behandlar information om respondenterna har någon i sin bekantskap som har brukat eller brukar dopingpreparat och vilket kön personen har. Metod: En kvantitativ deskriptiv enkätstudie utfördes för att kunna kontakta ungdomar i hela Sverige. Författarna utförde två rekryteringar, urvalet bestod av ungdomar mellan 18–23 år som bor utspritt i Sverige. Författarna kontaktade dessa ungdomar genom sociala medier. Enkäten skapades i Google Formulär för att finnas tillgänglig elektroniskt med hänsyn till Covid-19 och därmed kunna skicka ut enkäten utan personlig visit hos respondenterna. Bakgrundsfrågor och påståenden om doping samt prestationshöjande- och muskeluppbyggande preparat fanns i enkäten. Påståenden var hämtat från andra studier samt konstruerades av denna studies författare. Datainsamlingen granskades för vidare analys av svaren samt i jämförelse mellan tjejer och killar samt mot tidigare forskning. Studien vidtog etiska ställningstaganden och informerade respondenterna om de olika kraven. Resultat: Respondenterna bestod av 57 tjejer, 18 killar samt en ickebinär. Antalet inaktiva var för få för att kunna göra en jämförelse mot de aktiva. Majoriteten av respondenterna visade en negativ attityd till doping, de angav att doping är ett ökande problem i samhället samt att användandet av prestationshöjande- och muskeluppbyggande preparat är fusk och oacceptabelt. Killarna i studien sågs ha en lite mer positiv attityd till doping i jämförelse med tjejerna, vilket 37 respondenter styrker när de angivit att de känner killar som brukar eller har brukat doping. Slutsats: Majoriteten av respondenterna visar en negativ attityd till doping samt prestationshöjande- och muskeluppbyggande preparat. Däremot förekommer doping ändå i samhället i Sverige, bland annat inom respondenternas bekantskap där flertalet angett att det är män som använt sig av preparaten. Utifrån resultatet går det att avläsa att killarna är mer positiv till användandet av doping i samhället samt att det är fler som känner killar som använder eller har använt doping i sin bekantskap.
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43

Vanberg, William. "En hjälpande hand eller huvudet först? Dopingöverträdelser som grund föravsked med bakgrund mot teorin kring idrottens autonomi och rättsliga särart". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-180599.

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44

Cai, Xingmin. "Growth, doping and nanostructures of gallium nitride". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35806394.

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45

Maghsoodi, Mona. "Using genetics to detect homologous blood doping". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23726.

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Blood doping refers to any illicit means used to increase the erythrocyte count in the body; thereby, increasing oxygen delivery to the muscles. Anti-doping authorities strongly oppose blood doping, and they have prohibited transfusions and the use of substances that increase hemoglobin levels. Athletes now avoid using erythropoeisis-stimulating agents and have reverted to older doping methods, such as blood transfusions. As blood transfusion become more prevalent, current tests for blood transfusions become more problematic. Homologous blood doping is the transfusion of another person’s blood to increase one’s own hemoglobin levels. The current method for detecting homologous blood doping is flow cytometry; however, this method is invasive, costly and requires proper conditions for storage of the blood samples. This study outlines a test that uses genetic differences among individuals in order to detect doping. The proposed anti-doping test eliminates major limitations of other tests. This study also investigates the feasibility and sensitivity of using genetic variations among individuals to detect homologous blood doping. Blood required for doping must be matched for ABO blood type, but because it comes from another individual it will be mismatched for genetic information (i.e. DNA). Given that an individual carries two copies of any chromosome and consequently two copies of most genes, foreign cell detection can be made possible by the discovery of a third or fourth copy of certain genes. Thus, this detection method identifies the presence of genes that do not belong to the athlete. In this study, doping conditions were simulated by mixing bloods at various ratios, including the 90:10 ratio that is commonly observed in athletic doping. PCR based methods of genotyping were used to detect donor DNA in the recipient’s sample. Genetic markers (D1S80, D1S111, D17S30, APO-B and ACE I/D) were used to detect the heterogeneous blood samples. The test successfully identified a 10% allogeneic cell population using a finger prick of blood (50 µL). As that dilution involved a heterozygous donor, this result demonstrates that the assay is sensitive enough to detect a 5% dilution. Overall, this genetic approach allows for the development of an efficient, sensitive and inexpensive test.
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46

Arzakantsyan, Mikayel. "Yb:YAG Laser Crystals with Controlled Doping Distribution". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00879616.

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Le développement de lasers solides de puissance-moyenne élevée doit faire face à des problèmes très spécifiques. La gestion de la thermique et de l'amplification de l'émission spontanée (ASE) pour de larges amplificateurs lasers deviennent des points clés lorsque l'augmentation de l'énergie de vient conséquente. Lucia est une chaîne laser de forte puissance moyenne qui repose sur le concept du miroir actif avec un cristal ou une céramique d'Yb:YAG comme milieu à gain. Comme pour d'autres systèmes lasers comparables, la distribution des ions actifs du milieu à gain est homogène en volume. Un profil variable du taux de dopage présente des avantages significatifs en termes de gain et par conséquent ouvre le chemin à une minimisation efficace des effets délétères de l'ASE et de l'échauffement. Cette thèse concerne la fabrication de tels milieux à gain. La méthode de croissance cristalline Bagdasarov, grâce à plusieurs de ses particularités, a permis d'obtenir plusieurs cristaux d'Yb:YAG avec profils de dopage variables contrôlés jusqu'à des valeurs de gradient de 3 at%/cm. Les résultats expérimentaux sont en bon accord avec les modèles mathématiques. Des simulations complémentaires de la température et du profil de gain montre que même avec des gradients plus faibles, les performances énergétiques des amplificateurs Lucia peuvent être améliorées jusqu'à 30%. Il est aussi alors possible d'utiliser des milieux à gain plus fins ce qui a pour conséquence positive une meilleure extraction de la chaleur. De larges cristaux d'Yb:YAG de 90 mm de diamètre ont été produits.
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47

Thundal, Andrea, i Emma Haaranen. "Idrottande gymnasieelevers uppfattningar om doping inom elitidrotten". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19790.

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Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Dopinganvändning är inget nytt problem inom elitidrotten. Tidigare studier och teorier visar att beteenden och miljön har en stor påverkan på individers uppfattningar. Idrottande ungdomar ser förebilder i idrottsmiljön de befinner sig i och detta kan ha en påverkan på ungdomars uppfattningar om doping inom elitidrotten.   Syfte: Att undersöka uppfattningar om doping inom elitidrotten hos idrottande gymnasieelever över 18 år som har idrott som en del av sin utbildning i Gävleborgs län. Metod: Studien var en tvärsnittsstudie, har en kvantitativ design och innefattar en enkätundersökning med 28 deltagare. Enkäten var webbaserad och innehöll bakgrundsfrågor samt frågor som berörde doping och prestationer. Inkluderingskriterierna var att ungdomarna gick i skola i Gävleborgs län, läste idrottskurser och var över 18 år. Resultat och diskussion: Deltagarna menar att doping är fel, orättvist och varken äkta eller naturligt. Majoriteten anser att det går att nå den yttersta världseliten inom idrotten idag utan att dopa sig. Människors uppfattningar skapar miljön och den miljö som individer befinner sig i påverkar deras uppfattningar och beteenden. Detta gör att människors uppfattningar gällande doping kan leda till att andra människor får liknande uppfattningar.  Slutsats: Ungdomsidrotten bör förespråka en dopingfri idrott, detta för att skapa en miljö som förhoppningsvis gör att ungdomar adapterar uppfattningar om att doping inte borde vara tillåtet inom elitidrotten. Dessa ungdomar skapar miljön för de kommande generationerna.
Abstract Background: The use of doping substances is not a new problem in the elite sport. Previous studies and theories show that behavior and the environment has a big influence on individuals’ perceptions. Young athletes watches idols in the environment of sport that they are in and can have an impact on how their perceptions are regarding doping in elite sports. Purpose: To examine perceptions towards doping in elite sport among athletic 18-year-olds with sports as a part of their education in Gävleborgs län. Method: This study was a cross-sectional study, is based upon a quantitative design and contains a questionnaire with 28 participants.  The questionnaire was web-based and contained background-questions and questions regarding doping and performances. The criteria for inclusion in the study were adolescents that went to school in Gävleborgs län, took classes involving sports and was 18 years or older. Result and discussion: The participants thought that doping was wrong, unfair and neither real nor natural. The majority says that it is possible to become a world champion in sports without the use of doping. People’s perceptions create the environment and that environment that individuals exist in has an impact on their attitudes and behaviors. This shows that people’s perceptions regarding doping may lead to other people getting similar perceptions. Conclusion: Youth sport should advocate a doping free sport, to create an environment that hopefully will get adolescents to adapt perceptions that doping should not be allowed within elite sports. These adolescents create the environment for future generations.
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Cai, Xingmin, i 蔡興民. "Growth, doping and nanostructures of gallium nitride". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35806394.

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Curat, Stephane Pierre. "Growth and doping of CVD diamond films". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444591/.

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The extreme properties of diamond combined with the emergence of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques for the growth of large area free standing diamond wafers has led to considerable interest in the use of this material for electronic applications. However, to date, the polycrystalline nature of the material grown by heteroepitaxy has hindered progress in this field leading to only niche applications for diamond electronics being identified. Whilst homoepitaxial growth seemed to be a solution to counter this issue, the substrate cost and the lack of a suitable dopant for -type conductivity together with the relatively large activation energy of p-type dopants reduced the effectiveness of electronic devices made from diamond. Finally, the low growth rates using standard microwave CVD techniques remains a problem. This thesis presents electronic characterisation of such homoepitaxial films using Hall effect measurements. The observation of p-type character of the surface conductivity due to hydrogen termination was confirmed and a correlation between the transport properties and the film thickness was demonstrated. In addition to Hall effect measurements, SEM/STM data are presented and the parameters for high growth rates of these overlayers are revealed. Passivation of these layers has also been investigated so that the p-type character and hence the device operation is not lost at higher temperatures when the devices are operated in air. A newly developed material, ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD), has been studied for its -type character. Hall effect measurements revealed the conductivity of this material is strongly influenced by the addition of nitrogen into the source gases and UNCD becomes conductive with low thermal activation energy. Finally, impedance spectroscopy measurements were taken on both UNCD and phosphorus doped material to investigate the conduction paths in both materials that lead to the -type conductivity observed in both kind of materials. The likely impact of the realisation of more effective processes for both growth and doping, described here, for the development of electronic devices from diamond is discussed.
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Mammadov, Samir, Jürgen Ristein, Roland J. Koch, Markus Ostler, Christian Raidel, Martina Wanke, Remigijus Vasiliauskas, Rositza Yakimova i Thomas Seyller. "Polarization doping of graphene on silicon carbide". Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2014. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21188.

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The doping of quasi-freestanding graphene (QFG) on H-terminated, Si-face 6H-, 4H-, and 3C-SiC is studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) close to the Dirac point. Using semi-insulating as well as n-type doped substrates we shed light on the contributions to the charge carrier density in QFG caused by i) the spontaneous polarization of the substrate, and ii) the band alignment between the substrate and the graphene layer. In this way we provide quantitative support for the previously suggested model of polarization doping of graphene on SiC [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 246104 (2012)].
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