Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Donor strains

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Donor strains”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Donor strains"

Laskus, Tomasz, Lian-Fu Wang, Marek Radkowski, Hugo Vargas, Marek Nowicki, Jeffrey Wilkinson i Jorge Rakela. "Exposure of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA-Positive Recipients to HCV RNA-Positive Blood Donors Results in Rapid Predominance of a Single Donor Strain and Exclusion and/or Suppression of the Recipient Strain". Journal of Virology 75, nr 5 (1.03.2001): 2059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.5.2059-2066.2001.

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ABSTRACT We have analyzed three cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected recipients who received blood from HCV-infected donors. Two recipients were exposed to two different HCV RNA-positive donors, and one was exposed to a single donor. All parental genomes from the actual infecting units of blood and the recipients were defined, and their presence in the follow-up serum samples was determined using sensitive strain-specific assays. The strain from one of the donors was found to predominate in all recipients' serum samples collected throughout the follow-up period of 10 to 30 months. In two recipients exposed to two infected donors, the strain from the second donor was occasionally found at very low level. However, the original recipients' strains were not detected. Our observations show that HCV-infected individuals can be superinfected with different strains, and this event may lead to eradication or suppression of the original infecting strain. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that simultaneous exposure to multiple HCV strains may result in concomitant infection by more than one strain, although a single strain could rapidly establish its dominance. The results of the present study suggest the existence of competition among infecting HCV strains which determines the ultimate outcome of multiple HCV exposure.

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Zhu, Raymond, Robert Pesun, Caroline Pampolina, Elke Jackson, George Bowden, Teresa Zelinski i Archibald McNicol. "A role for immunoglobulin G in donor-specific Streptococcus sanguis-induced platelet aggregation". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 95, nr 02 (2006): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th05-07-0491.

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SummaryThere is increasing evidence fora relationship between bacterial infections and several cardiovascular disorders. Although the precise mechanism(s) underlying this association is unknown, the direct activation of platelets by bacteria is one possibility. Individual strains of S. sanguis activate platelets in a non-uniform, donor-dependent manner. In the current study, platelet aggregation profiles were obtained for fourteen donors in response to four strains of S. sanguis (2017–78, 133–79, SK112, SK108a) and one of S. gordonii (SK8). The platelets from all donors responded to strains 2017–78 and 133–79,whereas strains SK112, SK8 and SK108a caused aggregation in one, five and twelve donors, respectively. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to strains 2017–78, 133–79 and SK108a were significantly greater than to strains SK112 and SK8. Absorption of IgG by strain 2017–78 caused significant decreases in IgG binding, and platelet aggregation in response, to all strains. Single-strand conformational polymorphisms were observed in the FcγRIIA gene from four donors. Sequencing revealed two known and two novel point mutations, none of which correlated with the aggregation profile. Thus, platelet activation to the various strains depends ona common IgG and, while in most cases the level of IgG binding to S. sanguis determines platelet responsiveness, neither the levels of IgG nor FcγRIIA polymorphisms can fully account for donor variability.

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Ochi, Kentaro, Maho Tokuda, Kosuke Yanagiya, Chiho Suzuki-Minakuchi, Hideaki Nojiri, Masahiro Yuki, Moriya Ohkuma, Kazuhide Kimbara i Masaki Shintani. "Oxygen concentration affects frequency and range of transconjugants for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 85, nr 4 (26.12.2020): 1005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbaa118.

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ABSTRACT The frequency of transconjugants were compared for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Filter mating assays were performed with one donor strain and one recipient strain using different donors of Pseudomonas and recipient strains, including Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Buttiauxella. Under anaerobic condition, frequencies of transconjugants for both plasmids were 101-103-fold lower than those under aerobic condition regardless of whether aerobically or anaerobically grown donors and recipients were used. To compare the transconjugant ranges under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, conjugation was performed between the donor of pBP136 and recipient bacteria extracted from environmental samples. Several transconjugants were uniquely obtained from each aerobic or anaerobic condition. Our findings indicate that a plasmid can differently spread among bacteria depending on the oxygen concentrations of the environment.

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Shi, Xian’ai, Hang Wang, Hao Wang, Zhiming Wang i Chun Meng. "Transferring chromosome DNA fragments from multiple donor cells into a host strain for yeast strain improvement". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58, nr 6 (czerwiec 2012): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w2012-036.

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Based on a common biological phenomenon — homologous recombination — a novel method was developed by transferring chromosome DNA fragments extracted from multiple donor cells into a host strain. Through this method of transferring DNA fragments, foreign DNA fragments are introduced into one host cell and multiple positive traits from multiple strains may be integrated into the host strain. We first confirmed its feasibility in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by selecting reverse mutants to prototrophy from auxotrophic strains through receiving chromosomal DNA fragments of wild-type parental strains. We then applied this method to Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve its ethanol and temperature tolerance. We introduced donor chromosome DNA fragments from different S. cerevisiae strains with improvements in ethanol or temperature tolerance into a common strain S. cerevisiae and obtained a strain with much superior ethanol and temperature tolerance. The results showed that the Transferring DNA Fragments method provides a new way for strain breeding.

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Thomas, D. John I., J. Alun W. Morgan, John M. Whipps i Jon R. Saunders. "Plasmid Transfer between the Bacillus thuringiensis Subspecies kurstaki andtenebrionis in Laboratory Culture and Soil and in Lepidopteran and Coleopteran Larvae". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.1.118-124.2000.

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ABSTRACT Plasmid transfer between Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki HD1 and B. thuringiensis subsp.tenebrionis donor strains and a streptomycin-resistantB. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki recipient was studied under environmentally relevant laboratory conditions in vitro, in soil, and in insects. Plasmid transfer was detected in vitro at temperatures of 5 to 37°C, at pH 5.9 to 9.0, and at water activities of 0.965 to 0.995, and the highest transfer ratios (up to 10−1 transconjugant/donor) were detected within 4 h. In contrast, no plasmid transfer was detected in nonsterile soil, and rapid formation of spores by the introduced strains probably contributed most to the lack of plasmid transfer observed. When aB. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain was used as the donor strain, plasmid transfer was detected in killed susceptible lepidopteran insect (Lacanobia oleracea) larvae but not in the nonsusceptible coleopteran insect Phaedon chocleriae. When a B. thuringiensis subsp.tenerbrionis strain was used as the donor strain, no plasmid transfer was detected in either of these insects even when they were killed. These results show that in larger susceptible lepidopteran insects there is a greater opportunity for growth of B. thuringiensis strains, and this finding, combined with decreased competition due to a low initial background bacterial population, can provide suitable conditions for efficient plasmid transfer in the environment.

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Signorini, Lucia, Maria Dolci, Evaldo Favi, Caterina Colico, Mariano Ferraresso, Rosalia Ticozzi, Giuseppe Basile, Pasquale Ferrante i Serena Delbue. "Viral Genomic Characterization and Replication Pattern of Human Polyomaviruses in Kidney Transplant Recipients". Viruses 12, nr 11 (9.11.2020): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111280.

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Human Polyomavirus (HPyV) infections are common, ranging from 60% to 100%. In kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, HPyVs have been associated with allograft nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and skin cancer. Whether such complications are caused by viral reactivation or primary infection transmitted by the donor remains debated. This study aimed to investigate the replication pattern and genomic characterization of BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV), JC Polyomavirus (JCPyV), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) infections in KTx. Urine samples from 57 KTx donor/recipient pairs were collected immediately before organ retrieval/transplant and periodically up to post-operative day 540. Specimens were tested for the presence of BKPyV, JCPyV, and MCPyV genome by virus-specific Real-Time PCR and molecularly characterized. HPyVs genome was detected in 49.1% of donors and 77.2% of recipients. Sequences analysis revealed the archetypal strain for JCPyV, TU and Dunlop strains for BKPyV, and IIa-2 strain for MCPyV. VP1 genotyping showed a high frequency for JCPyV genotype 1 and BKPyV genotype I. Our experience demonstrates that after KTx, HPyVs genome remains stable over time with no emergence of quasi-species. HPyVs strains isolated in donor/recipient pairs are mostly identical, suggesting that viruses detected in the recipient may be transmitted by the allograft.

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Weil, Michael M., Barry W. Brown i Dan M. Serachitopol. "Genotype Selection to Rapidly Breed Congenic Strains". Genetics 146, nr 3 (1.07.1997): 1061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.3.1061.

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Congenic strains can now be constructed guided by the transmission of DNA markers. This allows not only selection for transmission of a desired, donor-derived differential region but also selection against the transmission of unwanted donor origin genomic material. The additional selection capacity should allow congenic strains to be produced in fewer generations than is possible with random backcrosses. Here, we consider modifications of a standard backcross breeding scheme to produce congenic mice by the inclusion of genotype-based selective breeding strategies. Simulation is used to evaluate the consequences of each strategy on the number of chromosomes that contain unwanted, donor-derived genetic material and the average length of this unwanted donor DNA for each backcross generation. Our prototypic strategy was to choose a single mouse to sire each generation using criteria designed to select against the transmission of chromosomes, other than the one containing the replacement genomic region, that contain any donor origin sequence at all. This chromosome elimination strategy resulted in an average of 16.4 chromosomes free of donor DNA in mice of the third backcross (N3) generation. A strategy based solely on positive selection for the replacement region required six backcross generations to achieve the same results.

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Blesa, Alba, Ignacio Baquedano, Sandra González-de la Fuente, Mario Mencía i José Berenguer. "Integrative and Conjugative Element ICETh1 Functions as a Pangenomic DNA Capture Module in Thermus thermophilus". Microorganisms 8, nr 12 (21.12.2020): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122051.

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Transjugation is an unconventional conjugation mechanism in Thermus thermophilus (Tth) that involves the active participation of both mating partners, encompassing a DNA secretion system (DSS) in the donor and an active natural competence apparatus (NCA) in the recipient cells. DSS is encoded within an integrative and conjugative element (ICETh1) in the strain Tth HB27, whereas the NCA is constitutively expressed in both mates. Previous experiments suggested the presence of multiple origins of transfer along the genome, which could generate genomic mosaicity among the progeny. Here, we designed transjugation experiments between two closely related strains of Tth with highly syntenic genomes, containing enough single nucleotide polymorphisms to allow precise parenthood analysis. Individual clones from the progeny were sequenced, revealing their origin as derivatives of our ICETh1-containing intended “donor” strain (HB27), which had acquired separate fragments from the genome of the ICETh1-free HB8 cells, which are our intended recipient. Due to the bidirectional nature of transjugation, only assays employing competence-defective HB27 derivatives as donors allowed the recovery of HB8-derived progeny. These results show a preference for a retrotransfer mechanism in transjugation in ICETh1-bearing strains, supporting an inter-strain gene-capture function for ICETh1. This function could benefit the donor-capable host by facilitating the acquisition of adaptive traits from external sources, ultimately increasing the open pangenome of Thermus, maximizing the potential repertoire of physiological and phenotypical traits related to adaptation and speciation.

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Ferrières, Lionel, Gaëlle Hémery, Toan Nham, Anne-Marie Guérout, Didier Mazel, Christophe Beloin i Jean-Marc Ghigo. "Silent Mischief: Bacteriophage Mu Insertions Contaminate Products of Escherichia coli Random Mutagenesis Performed Using Suicidal Transposon Delivery Plasmids Mobilized by Broad-Host-Range RP4 Conjugative Machinery". Journal of Bacteriology 192, nr 24 (8.10.2010): 6418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00621-10.

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ABSTRACT Random transposon mutagenesis is the strategy of choice for associating a phenotype with its unknown genetic determinants. It is generally performed by mobilization of a conditionally replicating vector delivering transposons to recipient cells using broad-host-range RP4 conjugative machinery carried by the donor strain. In the present study, we demonstrate that bacteriophage Mu, which was deliberately introduced during the original construction of the widely used donor strains SM10 λpir and S17-1 λpir, is silently transferred to Escherichia coli recipient cells at high frequency, both by hfr and by release of Mu particles by the donor strain. Our findings suggest that bacteriophage Mu could have contaminated many random-mutagenesis experiments performed on Mu-sensitive species with these popular donor strains, leading to potential misinterpretation of the transposon mutant phenotype and therefore perturbing analysis of mutant screens. To circumvent this problem, we precisely mapped Mu insertions in SM10 λpir and S17-1 λpir and constructed a new Mu-free donor strain, MFDpir, harboring stable hfr-deficient RP4 conjugative functions and sustaining replication of Π-dependent suicide vectors. This strain can therefore be used with most of the available transposon-delivering plasmids and should enable more efficient and easy-to-analyze mutant hunts in E. coli and other Mu-sensitive RP4 host bacteria.

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Zhilina, Tatyana N., Daria G. Zavarzina, Ekaterina N. Detkova, Ekaterina O. Patutina i Boris B. Kuznetsov. "Fuchsiella ferrireducens sp. nov., a novel haloalkaliphilic, lithoautotrophic homoacetogen capable of iron reduction, and emendation of the description of the genus Fuchsiella". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_8 (1.08.2015): 2432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000278.

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Two strains of haloalkaliphilic homoacetogenic bacteria capable of iron reduction, Z-7101T and Z-7102, were isolated from soda lake Tanatar III (Altai, Russia). Cells of both strains were flexible, motile, Gram-negative, spore-forming rods. The strains were mesophilic and obligately alkaliphilic: the pH range for growth was 8.5–10.2 (pHopt 9.8). Growth depended on carbonate and chloride ions. The strains were able to grow chemolithoautotrophically on H2+CO2, producing acetate as the only metabolic product. In medium with carbonates as the only potential electron acceptor, the following substrates were utilized for chemo-organotrophic growth: pyruvate, lactate, ethanol, 1-propanol, ethylene glycol and 1-butanol. Strain Z-7101T was able to reduce nitrate, selenate, thiosulfate and anthraquinone 2,6-disulfonate with ethanol as an electron donor. It was also able to reduce synthesized ferrihydrite to siderite with molecular hydrogen or organic compounds, including acetate and formate, as electron donors. It was able to reduce S0 with acetate or formate as electron donors. The DNA G+C content of strain Z-7101T was 34.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains Z-7101T and Z-7102 were members of the order Halanaerobiales and family Halobacteroidaceae, clustering with Fuchsiella alkaliacetigena Z-7100T (98.9–98.4 % similarity). DNA–DNA hybridization was 63.0 % between strain Z-7101T and F. alkaliacetigena Z-7100T. Based on morphological and physiological differences from F. alkaliacetigena Z-7100T and the results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization, it is proposed to assign strains Z-7101T and Z-7102 ( = DSM 26052 = VKM B-2790) to the novel species Fuchsiella ferrireducens sp. nov. The type strain is strain Z-7101T ( = DSM 26031T = VKM B-2766T).

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Donor strains"

Audsley, Jennifer M., i jennifer audsley@med monash edu au. "Alternative Approaches In The Preparation And Growth Of Influenza B Vaccine Viruses". RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080414.141937.

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Influenza B viruses are a significant cause of disease and influenza B antigens are present in all human vaccines. Achieving suitable yields of seed viruses is often difficult for vaccine manufacturers. With influenza A viruses increases in yields have been achieved by the preparation of reassortants between a high-yielding donor strain and an epidemic strain. However, reassortment of influenza B viruses for the preparation of seeds has not been usually undertaken due to the lack suitable donor strains. Such an approach, which formed the basis of this thesis, could improve vaccine yields, lower costs and introduce a further element of predictability to vaccine manufacture. Potential donor strains were prepared from B/Lee/40 (B/Lee) by two approaches involving the selection of stable cold- and high- temperature mutants. Initial passaging was undertaken in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cultures and later passage in SPF embryonated chicken eggs. Both approaches were successful, although a smaller number of viable progeny could be isolated from plaques obtained at 38aC. Potential donor strains, isolated by selection at either 25 or 38aC and plaque-purified in SPF CEK cultures, were tested for haemagglutinin and infectious titre, in comparison with the original parental strain by three methods, and for differences in antigenicity by cross-haemagglutination-inhibition tests. Potential donor strains selected at temperatures of 25aC (C25) and 38aC (H38) produced haemagglutination titres of 320 units/50ÝL and infectivities of 8.57 and 8.39 50% egg infectious doses, respectively, when grown in eggs at the permissive temperature (34aC). Reassorting experiments using the B/Lee-derived potential donor strains C25 and H38 and the epidemic strain, B/Johannesburg/5/99 (B/Johannesburg), showed that the preparation of reassortant progeny with both epidemic strain HA and NA was difficult. Only 1/24 of the resulting reassortants possessed both the HA and NA of the epidemic strain. None of the reassortant progeny produced in reassorting experiments using C25 and H38 and the epidemic strain B/Panama/45/90 (B/Panama) possessed the desired 6:2 gene constellation (i.e. genes for the two surface antigens of the epidemic strain and the remainder from the donor strain). The infectious titre of selected progeny from the reassortment experiments were determined by three methods and compared with their respective epidemic parents. Yields of several influenza B epidemic strains and potential donor strains were measured after growth in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells prepared in serum-containing (SC) and animal- and human-derived protein-free (AHPF) media. Optimal multiplicities of infection were determined for B/Panama, B/Johannesburg and C25 in MDCK cultures grown in SC medium. A series of experiments were then undertaken to determine the maximum virus yields in MDCK cells grown in SC medium, followed by a further experiment using C25, B/Panama, B/Johannesburg, and selected reassortants after preparation in AHPF medium. Cell culture yields from 5/6 viruses grown in MDCK cells prepared in AHPF medium were higher than in cells prepared in SC medium and approached those obtained in eggs.

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Pierce, Kara J. "Charactersation of a D-alanine auxotrophic donor strain and analysis of alaninOptimisation of a solar photovoltaic-driven, roof slate-based ventilation preheating system". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418265.

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Moizé, Arcone Luciana. "Estudio de la aplicación y los efectos a corto plazo del Kinesiotaping sobre el músculo trapecio superior en personas con dolor cervical inespecífico". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/383525.

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Desde hace unos años se está utilizando el kinesiotaping (KT) en la práctica del fisioterapeuta como parte del tratamiento en las distintas patologías del aparato locomotor. Entre los principales efectos descritos están la analgesia, por disminución de la presión en los receptores nociceptivos, la mejora de la circulación sanguínea y linfática y un efecto a nivel del tono del músculo esquelético. Existen diferentes técnicas de aplicación en función del objetivo que se busque y la zona donde se aplica, siendo la más utilizada a nivel de la musculatura esquelética. El objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar los efectos del Kinesiotaping aplicado con la técnica muscular a nivel del trapecio superior cuando éste se encuentra con una sobrecarga muscular. Para ello se ha planteado un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en la que han formado parte 102 voluntarios mayores de edad de ambos sexos que padecían dolor inespecífico de la columna cervical con dolor a nivel del trapecio superior derecho, izquierdo o ambos. Se valoró la percepción del dolor mediante la escala visual analógica (EVA) y un algómetro de presión, la movilidad articular activa (ROM) de la columna cervical, la fuerza muscular isométrica de la musculatura cervical mediante la MCU y la actividad muscular mediante la electromiografía de superficie (EMG), tomando como referencia la contracción voluntaria máxima y el test de fatiga o test isométrico para el trapecio superior. Se tomaron medidas basales, a los 3 días y a la semana de empezar el tratamiento. xxii A los individuos que se incluyeron en el grupo experimental se les aplicó la técnica muscular con el KT a nivel del trapecio superior, que se mantuvo durante 72 horas. Todos los participantes en el estudio realizaron cada día (hasta la 2 sesión) un estiramiento en tensión activa del trapecio superior derecho e izquierdo. El resultado obtenido mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa pre y post tratamiento, tanto en el grupo control como en el experimental, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos de intervención. Por lo que no se pudo concluir que el kinesiotaping sea una técnica eficaz en el tratamiento sintomático del dolor cervical de origen inespecífico si se compara con la realización de estiramientos en tensión activa del músculo trapecio superior.

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Lysák, Jan. "Změna konstrukce profilu dveřního křídla pro kolejové vozidlo". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231683.

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This master thesis deals with creation computional model of specific door leaf which was researched and now is provided by company named IFE-CR, a.s. Finite element method analysis is performed within the standards for load conditions during the operation. Stress-strain response should be the main factor to comparing results with experiment on real door. Based on acquired knowledge from the original model we can evaluate credibility of mechanical behavior of newly designed model which has lower profil tapered from the original 42 mm to 25,4 mm. From the results of FEM analysis of the modified profile is evaluated applicability to the real operational state. At the end is quantified material and financial savings achieved by reducing the height of profile.

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Książki na temat "Donor strains"

Dam, Hugo van. Geboeid door straling en strategie: Geschiedenis van het Interfacultair Reactor Instituut te Delft. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2003.

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Deault, Nathalie Marie-Rose. The effect of the electron donors iron, sulfur and pyrite on the stability of plasmid DNA in strains of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2002.

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Bekkum, D. W. van 1925-, red. Straling en radioactiviteit: Tsjernobyl 1986 : vragen en antwoorden op een rij gezet door TNO. Drachten: Friese Pers Boekerij, 1986.

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Howe, Blake. Disabling Music Performance. Redaktorzy Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner i Joseph Straus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331444.013.30.

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When a performer’s disability directly affects the execution of a musical script, the “dual performances of music and disability” (Straus 2011) are intertwined, so that one directly influences the other. This chapter uses the termsaudibleandsilent disabilitiesas aural analogues to the more commonly used termsvisibleandinvisible disabilities. In music performance, aural disabilities stem frommusical impairments, which emerge from conflicts with three interrelated sets of conventions associated with musical instruments, performance practices and musical scores (in nonimprovised performances), and ideological expectations of a societal audience. Just as curbs, stairs, and door handles constitute part of the “constructed normalcy” of social performance, so do these three musical conventions propose and construct anormal performance bodythat real bodies must strive to match. Conversely,disablist music(like the one-hand piano repertoire) subverts the normal performance body by accommodating aurally disabled performers excluded from conformational musical practices.

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Części książek na temat "Donor strains"

Reissig, H. U., R. Zschiesche, A. Wienand i M. Buchert. "Synthesis with Donor-Acceptor-Substituted Vinylcyclopropanes". W Strain and Its Implications in Organic Chemistry, 51–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0929-8_4.

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Coppes, R. P., i I. M. A. Lombaert. "Regeneratie van door straling beschadigde speekselklieren: is stamceltherapie een optie?" W Het tandheelkundig jaar 2009, 78–87. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6612-5_7.

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Sørensen, Søren Johannes. "Plasmid Transfer of pBR322 Derivatives from recA’E. Coli K12 Donor Strain to Various Natural Gram-Negative Isolates". W The Release of Genetically Modified Microorganisms—REGEM 2, 197–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0493-7_34.

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Huber, M., E. J. Lous, R. A. Isaacson, G. Feher, D. Gaul i C. C. Schenck. "EPR and ENDOR Studies of the Oxidized Donor in Reaction Centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Strain R-26 and two Heterodimer Mutants in which Histidine M202 or L173 was Replaced by Leucine". W Reaction Centers of Photosynthetic Bacteria, 219–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61297-8_22.

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Jens Wolff, J. "Structures of benzene derivatives with symmetrical substitution by three donor and three acceptor groups". W Advances in Strained and Interesting Organic Molecules, 43–101. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1527-4640(99)80004-7.

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van Dijk, Rijk. "Epilogue". W Strings Attached. British Academy, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265680.003.0016.

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The chapters in this book demonstrate how transnational connections in Africa often appear as a source of ambiguity in formations that otherwise are ideologically perceived as bounded, autonomous entities. The experience of the transnational is often fraught with sentiments, ranging from fear to fascination, from anxiety to hope and aspiration. Given this dynamic of both anxiety about and eagerness for engaging in transnational relations, the Epilogue argues that there is a socially felt need among religious groups in many African societies for developing a transnational competence, especially in the sensitive field of HIV/AIDS, in order to successfully manage engagement with transnational relations and connections. This is grounded in the experience that, on the one hand, transnational connections have indeed allowed local people, organisations and institutions to make big steps forward in using religious linkages in the fight against AIDS and in changing notions of sexuality. Yet, on the other hand, while these connections are often being celebrated locally, the Epilogue argues that the enormous strains transnational relations can create for the local communities and organisations to live up to the expectations of external partners, donors and policies, should not be overlooked.

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Desheva, Yulia. "Preparing Live Influenza Vaccines against Potential Pandemic Influenza Using Nonpathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses and Cold-Adapted Master Donor Strain". W Influenza - Therapeutics and Challenges. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76980.

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Johnson, Joan Marie. "Following the Money". W Funding Feminism. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634692.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 examines how suffragists recruited wealthy women to the woman suffrage movement, who these donors were, and why they decided to give their money—and sometimes their time—to fight for political equality. This chapter argues that focusing on their feminism highlights a strand of suffragism that called for gender equality rather than emphasized maternalism, the belief that women as mothers (or potential mothers) had the right and the duty to vote in order to protect children and clean up government. Having experienced both the power of money and its limitations influenced the way women linked economic independence and political equality, which they believed were necessary whether one earned wages in a factory, was a professional with a college degree, or inherited a large fortune. Susan B. Anthony had understood that their donations were necessary, and Alva Belmont and Katharine McCormick gave donations essential to winning the right to vote for women.

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Saprai, Prince. "Republican Contract Law". W Contract Law Without Foundations, 40–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779018.003.0004.

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This chapter distinguishes two accounts of how and why areas of law are individuated. The first view, ‘conventionalism’, says that individuation serves epistemic ends. Conventionalists claim that legal officials carve up areas of law to promote the rule of law by making it more digestible, easier to follow, handle, and so on. In contrast, the second view, ‘foundationalism’, is a metaphysical interpretation of the practice. Foundationalists claim that individuation is part of the very fabric of law. On this view, areas of law track basic moral principles or categories, such as promise, corrective justice, and so on, which shape and structure legal norms. Having claimed in Chapter 3 that foundationalism—in the guise of the ‘promise theory’—fails as an account of contract law, this chapter argues that conventionalism is not the only alternative. Instead, a third possibility—‘republicanism’—is explored, which the chapter calls ‘republicanism’. Ronald Dworkin argued that legal categories are connected with ‘positive morality’ or popular views about the moral principles, categories, and distinctions that legal categories implicate. This serves the purpose of involving ordinary citizens in legal and political decision-making about matters of principle that are usually the preserve of the courts. This reveals a very often overlooked republican strand to his legal theory, which opens the door to a ‘bottom-up’ theory of contract law more sensitive to the multiplicity of moral values and concerns that shape its rules and doctrines in particular jurisdictions and times.

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"Since blood transfusion is linked to the magnitude of the surgical procedure, comparing transfused patients to untransfused patients will always be confounded by infection risks due to factors related to the procedure. To control for these factors one must compare patients transfused with red cells from different sources or prepared in a manner which minimize infection risk. Patients transfused with homologous blood have infection rates several fold higher than recipients of equal values of autologous blood undergoing the same operative procedure (20-23). Homologous blood recipients have significantly longer hospital stays attributed to treating infections. The cost of a blood transfusion exceeds the cost of collection, storage and administration because of transfusion's association with length of stay. In this era of cost-containment the association with prolonged stay may ultimately curtail the use of blood. Homologous blood can be filtered to remove donor leukocytes which may be contributing to immune suppression and infection risk. A prospective randomized trial comparing the infection rates among colorectal cancer patients receiving filtered and unfiltered blood has been conducted (9). There were 17 infectious complications among the 56 recipients of whole blood and one infectious complication among the 48 recipients of filtered blood. Infections were prevented by the seemingly simplistic addition of a $25/filter to every bag of blood transfused. These clinical studies are very convincing: homologous blood transfusion is associated with increased risk of infection in every clinical situation examined. In multivariate analyses transfusion was a significant predictor of infection after consideration of other variables measured and in the majority of those studies transfusion was the single most significant factor. Patients receiving homologous blood exhibited an incidence of infectious complications that was approximately four times higher than patients receiving autologous blood. The association of transfusion with infection is found among patients undergoing surgery for cardiac, orthopedic and gastrointestinal disorders and for trauma as well as among unoperated patients transfused for bums and gastrointestinal bleeding. The observation that nosocomial infections are increased in these studies argues strongly that the association of transfusion with infection is not simply a reflection of transfusion as a marker of tissue destruction and contamination. Infections that develop in transfused patients away from the site of trauma or in the absence of trauma, cannot be attributed to the quantity of tissue destroyed or to the degree of bacterial contamination. Filtered blood can remove leukocytes and prevent postoperative infections. Since filtering blood can significantly reduce the incidence of infection among transfused patients, all transfused blood will be passing through filters in the very near future. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES RELATING BLOOD TRANSFUSION TO INCREASED RISK OF INFECTION Patients are extremely heterogeneous and even in prospective randomized trials, factors which influence patients' participation affect the outcome despite double-blinding and randomization. In animal studies using syngeneic strains with identical housing, lighting, access to food and water, control over the extent of injury, use of antibiotics and exposure to other variables the influence of a single variable such as blood transfusion can be measured. Dr. Waymack's laboratory has intensively studied parameters which interact with transfusion in". W Transfusion Immunology and Medicine, 296. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273441-25.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Donor strains"

Jackson, C. W., N. K. Hutson, S. A. Steward i H. H. Edwards. "THE WISTAR-FURTH RAT: AN ANIMAL MODEL OF HEREDITARY MACRO THROMBOCYTOPENIA". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643925.

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The mechanisms which determine and regulate platelet size are unknown. By phase microscopy, we serendipitously observed that Wistar/Furth (W/F) rats had macrothrombocytopenia. In this study, we have characterized and compared platelets and megakaryocytes (MK) of W/F rats to those of Wistar (W), Long-Evans hooded (LE) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In addition, we have examined the mode of inheritance of this W/F rat platelet abnormality. Average platelet count of W/F rats was only 312 ± 57 x 103/mm3 compared to 1086 ± 68, 868 ± 91 and 926 ± 82 x 103/mm3 respectively for W, LE and SD rats. Mean platelet volume (MPV) of W/F rats (8.1 ± 1.4 fl) was twice that of W (4.0 ± 0.2 fl), LE (4.2 ± 0.3 f1) and SD (4.1 ± 0.2 f1) rats. However, average MK diameter and DNA content distribution of W/F rats were not significantly different than those of LE rats. Average MK concentration was somewhat lower (4.5 MK/high power field) in the W/F strain compared to that of LE rats (6.6 MK/HPF). Maze-like membrane formations were observed in W/F MK and platelets by electron microscopy. Reciprocal crosses of W/F and LE rats resulted in offspring with MPVs (4.2 fl) and platelet counts like those of LE rats, indicating that the macrothrombocytopenic trait is recessive in its inheritance. Reciprocal marrow transplants between the W/F and LE strains resulted in MPVs like those of the donor strain indicating that the macrothrombocytopenia is an intrinsic marrow abnormality of the W/F strain. Analysis of W/F platelets by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two readily detectable differences from those of W and LE rats: (1) absence of a protein of MW of 41,000 and pi of 6.35 and (2) presence of a protein of MW of 35,000 and pi of 5.9. In summary, the W/F rat has a hereditary macrothrombocytopenia which is recessive in nature and not due to differences in MK size or DNA content. These results suggest that the macrothrombocytopenia of W/F rats results from formation of fewer platelets per MK, possibly due to a qualitative or quantitative defect in some component necessary for proper subdivision of megakaryocyte cytoplasm into platelets.

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Sundararajan, S., K. Aekbote, C. C. Chou, G. G. Lim, J. Chickola i L. A. Walker. "High Strain-Rate Tensile Testing of Door Trim Materials". W SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/971064.

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Day, Steven W., James C. McDaniel, Phillip P. Lemire i Houston G. Wood. "Measurements of Mean Velocity and Turbulent Statistics in a Centrifugal Blood Pump". W ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32517.

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An estimated 150,000 patients in the Western World require heart transplantation every year, while only 4,000 (2.5%) of them actually receive a donor heart [1]. This lack of available donors for heart transplantation has led to a large effort since the 1960s to develop an artificial mechanical heart as an alternative to heart transplant. Most end stage cardiac failures result from cardiac disease or tissue damage of the left ventricle. After this failure, the ventricle is not strong enough to deliver an adequate supply of oxygen to critical organs. A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a mechanical pump that does not replace the native heart, but rather works in concert with it. An LVAD can effectively relieve some strain from a native heart, which has been weakened by disease or damage, and increase blood flow supplied to the body to maintain normal physiologic function. The inlet to the LVAD is attached to the native left ventricle, and the output of the assist pump rejoins the output of the native heart at the aorta, as shown in Figure 1. Blood flow from both the aortic valve and the assist pump combine and flow through the body. The clinical effectiveness of LVADs has been demonstrated; however, all of the currently available pumps have a limited life because of either the damage that they cause to blood or their limited mechanical design life.

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Harlow, D. Gary. "Low Cycle Fatigue: Probability and Statistical Modeling of Fatigue Life". W ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28114.

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Low cycle fatigue (LCF) induces damage accumulation in structural components used in various applications. LCF typically describes conditions for which plastic strains are larger than elastic strains. In order to certify and qualify a structural component, manufactured from a given material, that requires high reliability for operation and safety, fundamental material properties should be experimentally investigated and validated. The traditional strain–life approach serves as the underlying experimental method for most LCF investigations. Building upon that background, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the statistical variability and appropriately model that variability for life in LCF. Specifically, the variability associated with the median behavior in a strain–life graph for data is examined. The ensuing analyses are based on data for a cold-rolled, low carbon, extra deep drawing steel; ASTM A969 which is appropriate for applications where extremely severe drawing or forming is envisioned. It is frequently used in the automotive industry for components such as inner door components and side body components. For substantiation of the proposed modeling techniques, data for 9Cr-1Mo steel is also investigated. Such steel is frequently used in the construction of power plants and other structures that experience operating temperatures in excess of 500°C. The commonly used universal slopes approach for fatigue life modeling for which the strain–life computation employs the standard Coffin–Manson relationship is compared to a statistical methodology using a distribution function frequently used in structural reliability. The proposed distribution function for characterizing the fatigue life is a generalized Weibull distribution function that empirically incorporates load history and damage accumulation.

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Masithulela, Fulufhelo. "The Effect of Over-Loaded Right Ventricle During Passive Filling in Rat Heart: A Biventricular Finite Element Model". W ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50004.

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The physiological basis of the right ventricle diastolic function is not well studied. In most heart failure, heart transplantation remains the first choice with survival ranges between 40% and 50%. It is known that heart transplantation lacks donors and therefore, there is a need to search for new surgical techniques for heart failure prevention. This study utilized the finite elment method to study the structural behavior of heart wall under severe pressures. In this study the effect RV filling during over-pressurised RV using bi-ventricular model has been studied using finite element modeling (FEM). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in low-income and middle-income countries. The right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is understood to have an impact on the performance of the left ventricle (LV) but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Finite strain analyses of bi-ventricular model provide important information on the heart function. The passive myocardium was modelled as a nearly incompressible, hyperelastic, transversely isotropic material. Biventricular geometries of healthy and infarcted rat hearts reconstructed from magnetic resonance images were imported in Abaqus©. In simulating the passive filling of the healthy condition of the rat heart, the inner walls of the LV and RV the pressures of 4.8 kPa and 0.0098 kPa were applied respectively. The average circumferential strain was found to be 0.138 and 0.100 on the endocardium of the over-pressured and healthy model respectively. The high stresses and strains on the over-loaded model were observed.

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Stofleth, Jerome H., Megan K. Tribble, John Ludwigsen i Robert W. Crocker. "Analysis of EDS Vessel Clamping System and Door Seal". W ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93755.

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Abstract The V26 containment vessel was procured by the Project Manager, Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) for use on the Phase-2 Explosive Destruction Systems. The vessel was fabricated under Code Case 2564 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which provides rules for the design of impulsively loaded vessels. The explosive rating for the vessel, based on the Code Case, is nine (9) pounds TNT-equivalent for up to 637 detonations, limited only by fatigue crack growth calculations initiated from a minimum detectable crack depth. The vessel consists of a cylindrical cup, a flat cover or door, and clamps to secure the door. The vessel is sealed with a metal gasket. The body is a deep cylindrical cup machined from a 316 stainless steel forging. The door is also machined from a 316 stainless steel forging. The closure clamps are secured with four 17-4 PH steel threaded rods with 4140 alloy steel threadednuts on one end and hydraulic nuts on the other. A flange with four high-voltage electrical feedthroughs is bolted to the door and sealed with a small metal gasket. These feedthroughs conduct the firing signals for the high-voltage Exploding Bridge-wire detonators. Small blast plates on the inside of the door protect fluidic components and electrical feedthroughs. A large blast plate provides additional protection. Both vessel door and feedthrough flange employ O-ring seals outside the metal seals in order to provide a mechanism for helium leak checks of the volume just outside the metal seal surface before and after detonation. In previous papers (References 2 and 3), the authors describe results from testing of the vessel body and ends under qualification loads, determining the effective TNT equivalency of Composition C4 (EDS Containment Vessel TNT Equivalence Testing) and analyzing the effects of distributed explosive charges versus unitary charges (EDS Containment Vessel Explosive Test and Analysis). In addition to measurements made on the vessel body and ends as reported previously, bulk motion and deformation of the door and clamping system was made. Strain gauges were positioned at various locations on the inner and outer surface of the clamping system and on the vessel door surface. Digital Image Correlation was employed during both hydrostatic testing and dynamic testing under full-load explosive detonation to determine bulk and bending motion of the door relative to the vessel body and clamping system. Some limited hydrocode and finite element code analysis was performed on the clamping system for comparison. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the likelihood of a change in the static sealing efficacy of the metal clamping system and to evaluate the possibility of dynamic burping of vessel contents during detonation. Those results will be reported in this paper.

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Boldakov, D. M., E. R. Davoyan, R. O. Davoyan, Yu S. Zubanova i A. A. Saushkina. "Search of a new donors of resistance to stem rust in lines of common wheat with genetic material of Agilops speltoides". W CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-20205-9-10-54.

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Scientific work is aimed at developing biotechnology for growing biologically safe products of Linum usitatissimum L. This research presents the study of the structure of microbocenosis in the rhizosphere of Linum usitatissimum L. under the influence of seed bacterization with new multifunctional cyanobacteria forms under conditions of southern Chernozem. In 2017, pre-sowing seed bacterization with strain Nostoc linckia 144 increased the number of aminotrophs by 1.4 times at the beginning of plant vegetation; in 2018 – by 3.3 times during their final stages of maturity. The number of micromycetes was tripled to the end of flax vegetation compared to control. In 2017, bacterization of seeds with a homogenate based on the strain Nostoc linckia 144 contributed to a 1.4-fold increase in the number of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms by the closing stages of the vegetation period.

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Berger, E. "A benchmark study for different numerical parameters and their impact on the calculated strain levels for a model part door outer". W NUMISHEET 2005: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Process. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2011202.

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Austin, Brittany, Hazel Marie, Diana Fagan, Jared Vanasdale i Stuart Drew. "A Biomechanical Investigation of Collagen, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on the Achilles Tendon in a Rat Model". W ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10641.

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Abstract This study aims to biomechanically compare four different treatment methods for repair enhancement in Achilles tendon rupture in rats: collagen, collagen and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), collagen and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), and a combination of collagen, platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stromal cells (CPM) at one and two week healing periods. This study included ninety Lewis rats weighing approximately 200–300 g. Ten rats were used as donors for MSC and PRP. For the remaining eighty rats, the right leg was completely transected 6 mm proximal to the calcaneus bone, suture repaired, wrapped in CollaTape (CoTa), and then closed. An injection of PRP, MSC, or PRP and MSC was given at the wound site to the applicable groups. After one or two weeks recovery time, the rats were sacrificed and both Achilles tendons were removed. The left tendons were used as virgin tissue controls. It was found that the maximum stress at failure, the total strain energy, the average modulus of elasticity, and the elastic strain energy all increase significantly from one week to two week recovery time. However, there was no statistical difference between treatment groups in any of the mechanical properties.

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Solin, Jussi, Tommi Seppänen, Wolfgang Mayinger i H. Ertugrul Karabaki. "Hidden Roles of Time and Temperature in Cyclic Behavior of Stainless Nuclear Piping". W ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84936.

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Unexpected findings on time and temperature dependent behavior have been recorded during our research on fatigue performance of niobium stabilized stainless steel. Cyclic straining at 325°C and low strain rates resulted in higher stress responses than in higher rate tests. This effect is particular strong in PWR water environment. Subsurface bulk effect in environment is in contrast to the assumption on similar responses in air and environment, which is the foundation of the ‘companion specimen’ method where the strain in environment is measured from a parallel specimen similarly tested in air. Our data shows that environmental effects caused by PWR water cannot be isolated as a separate issue. Environment, temperature and strain rate are factors, which interactively affect the cyclic response and fatigue performance of stainless steel in relevant temperatures and loading conditions. The current ASME Code Section III design curve is based on different translation of the laboratory data than that made by Langer et al. The resulting effect is not as radical as caused by replacement of the original test data to a new highly scattered data base. But also the procedural changes have detectable effects and open a door for a provocative question: “is the design curve still compatible with the code?”

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