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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Domestic z United States Architecture"
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Hsiang, Solomon, Robert Kopp, Amir Jina, James Rising, Michael Delgado, Shashank Mohan, D. J. Rasmussen i in. "Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States". Science 356, nr 6345 (29.06.2017): 1362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4369.
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Estimates of climate change damage are central to the design of climate policies. Here, we develop a flexible architecture for computing damages that integrates climate science, econometric analyses, and process models. We use this approach to construct spatially explicit, probabilistic, and empirically derived estimates of economic damage in the United States from climate change. The combined value of market and nonmarket damage across analyzed sectors—agriculture, crime, coastal storms, energy, human mortality, and labor—increases quadratically in global mean temperature, costing roughly 1.2% of gross domestic product per +1°C on average. Importantly, risk is distributed unequally across locations, generating a large transfer of value northward and westward that increases economic inequality. By the late 21st century, the poorest third of counties are projected to experience damages between 2 and 20% of county income (90% chance) under business-as-usual emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5).
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Martynov, Andrii. "Hryshchenko T. A. Zbigniew Brzezinski. International strategist in the coordinates of history. Kyiv-Nizhyn: Publisher Lysenko M. M., 2020. 341 p." American History & Politics: Scientific edition, nr 11 (2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2021.11.8.
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The review dissects a monograph on the intellectual biography of Z. Brzezinski. The author of the monograph systematically and comparatively considered the conceptual and theoretical approaches of this American strategist against the backdrop of Cold War era and the unipolar world after the victory of the United States over the USSR. Z. Brzezinski was a great promoter and visionary of Ukraine, consistently advocated the rapprochement of the Ukrainian and Polish peoples in a united democratic Europe. In our opinion, an important place in the historiography of research on the influence of Z. Brzezinski on world history will be occupied by the study of Taras A. Hryshchenko. The author of the monograph advanced into methodological agenda seven groups of typologically different sources related to the stages of formation, development and public perception of international strategic concepts of Z. Brzezinski. Z. Brzezinski’s world outlooks and anti-communist guidelines were optimal for the development and implementation of a course in the field of US national security during the administration of President J. Carter. Particularly relevant to current international relations is the author’s rethinking the comparative aspect of the concepts of globalization and the role of the United States in this process, which belong to Z. Brzezinski and his colleagues S. Huntington and G. Kissinger. Z. Brzezinski’s strategic concepts best meet the needs of preserving the global leadership role of the United States in the complex and contradictory world of the 21st century. The conclusions of the monograph brief why the hereditary generation of intellectual successors of the tradition of analysis of international relations, founded by Z. Brzezinski, was not formed clearly enough. These reasons include the declining interest in American society in grand strategy, the excessive social impact of the information technology sector and entertainment manufacturers, and the tendency toward self-destructive hostility among the American political establishment.
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Salomatin, Aleksey Yu, i Natalya V. Makeeva. "Ethnic and Race Problems in a Federal State (Based on the Results of the U.S. Presidential Campaign of 2020)". Civil society in Russia and abroad 1 (11.03.2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2221-3287-2021-1-3-7.
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The United States, originally formed as a haven for immigrants of different ethnic and racial backgrounds, has felt the inefficiency of its famous «melting pot»since the beginning of the XXI century. In this ethnically-and racially-conflicted state, one of the long-standing problems was considered to be the problem of African-Americans, who after World War II dispersed outside the southern states. This problem was only partially solved, and the policy of positive discrimination in favor of blacks in recent years has become increasingly critical. At the same time, the country, in which the proportion of white citizens is sharply decreasing and the number of Spanish-speaking people and people of Asian origin is increasing, is experiencing an increasing cultural, civilizational and geographical split. During the 2020 presidential campaign, the United States faced not only an epidemic of coronavirus infection, but also unprecedented protest activity, which was a test for the outdated mechanism of this federal state. The domestic political crisis might have been averted or mitigated if the United States had had a more centralized model of federalism, which would have strengthened administrative coordination and allowed ethno-racial egoism to be contained within certain limits.
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Lymar, Marharyta, i Iryna Tykhonenko. "The US gun policy: domestic and external dimensions". American History & Politics Scientific edition, nr 10 (2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2020.10.4.
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The purpose of the article is to explore proliferation of firearms in the United States due to social problems (mass shootings) and public demand for increasing gun control. Primary challenges cover exploring the U.S. firearms history, which provides a key to understanding the causes of the current situation in this area; reviewing of Americans’ attitudes toward gun ownership; studying the U.S. foreign policy in the context of arms exports from Ukraine to the United States. Moreover, attention is paid to exploring the influence of the National Rifle Association (NRA) on Donald Trump’s decision on arms control and a comparative analysis of his gun policy with the policy of his predecessors. The methodological basis of the study includes a set of general and special research methods. Systematic approach is used to consider the U.S. gun policy as a complex system with the determinism of domestic and foreign policy levels. A significant role is played by descriptive-historical and chronological methods that allow to examine the evolution of the U.S. legal framework for firearms and small-arms control. The comparative method makes it possible to compare the approaches of George W. Bush’s, Barack Obama’s and Donald Trump’s administrations to the gun policy. The statistical method allows to consider the peculiarities of the U.S. exports of small arms and Ukraine’s exports of such type of weapons to the USA. The scientific novelty lies in one of the first attempts among Ukrainian authors to make a comprehensive analysis of the interdependence of internal and external aspects of firearms trafficking among the U.S. civilians. In this context, the paper examines the U.S.–Ukrainian relations. The study concludes that the U.S. gun traditions are the main stumbling block for tightening firearms legislation. On the gun issue, the U.S. domestic policy, which is heavily influenced by the NRA, determines the state’s foreign policy. At the same time, society is demanding reforms aimed at restricting the possession of firearms by the civilian population, which may increase the level of domestic security.
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Yarygin, Grigory. "U. S. climate institutions and the intelligence community: Domestic and international collaboration". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 14, nr 4 (2022): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2021.404.
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Climate change presents an actorless threat. The most powerful world jurisdictions are undertaking efforts to tackle this global threat multiplier. The Biden-Harris administration, returning the U. S. back to international climate politics, claims the leadership role. The author of the article examines how the administration’s climate rhetoric is backed up organizationally. The institutional architecture that powers Biden’s climate policy is put at the center of the article’s analysis. The United States intelligence community has been entrusted with a significant role in running current U. S. institutional climate recovery efforts. The article approaches the engagement of the intelligence community in climate policy from such angles as policymakers’ expectations of the intelligence community and its role and capabilities for domestic and international collaboration. The article proceeds through three stages. The first stage presents theoretical frameworks for new-institutional analysis approaches to climate policy of the United States. The second examines how the Biden-Harris administration organizes institutions in the system of climate policy. The third approaches the role and functions of the U. S. intelligence community in climate change prevention policy. The author concludes that the U. S. intelligence community possesses a strong capacity to provide for responsible decision making in regard to the climate, however, mechanisms for domestic and international climate intelligence exchange have yet to be determined.
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Fabregat, Eduard, i Farooq A. Kperogi. "The ‘other’ in the bowels of the hegemon: US media portrayals of Guam during the United States‐North Korea tension". International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 17, nr 2 (1.06.2021): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp_00043_1.
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This article explores how America’s mainline institutional media portrayed Guam, an unincorporated US territory in the Pacific Ocean that is home to important American military bases, in a time of heightened tensions between the United States and North Korea. Guamanians represent marginal racial ‘others’ who are nonetheless ensconced in a consequential part of the US military architecture. Using a combination of topic modelling and network analysis, our study analysed 2480 articles from 44 different mainstream newspapers in the United States between April 2017 and June 2018 in order to examine the contradictory depiction of an ‘other’ that is simultaneously foreign and domestic. Our results present evidence of a hegemonic portrayal of Guam as an intrinsic part of the US as well as a depiction of the threat to Guam as an attack on the US without acknowledging the marginality of Guam and its inhabitants in US politics.
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Menshikova, Anna. "Foreign economic policy as a priority for ensuring US national security". Russia and America in the 21st Century, nr 5 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760031183-8.
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Giving US foreign trade policy the importance of one of the basic elements of the modern national security strategy of the United States has objectively determined a significant coincidence of the positions of the Democratic and Republican parties on the most fundamental issues of building trade and economic ties with foreign counterparties. The fact that there is no alternative to such a bipartisan consensus is a natural reaction to the ongoing profound transformations in the world economy under the influence of the processes of formation of a new architecture of the global multipolar world order and is aimed at ensuring economic stability and the national interests of the United States. Both parties are based on the destruction of the boundaries between domestic and foreign policy while defending the interests of the country's national security and the end of the era of globalization and neoliberal economic policies.
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Li, Zhi Gang, Dong Qing Zhu, Quan Qi, Ze Tian Fu i Jia Yong He. "Electricity, Heat and Gas Marketing Information System Based on SOA Architecture". Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (wrzesień 2013): 1119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1119.
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Power marketing in the United States, Europe, Japan and other developed countries has entered the era of intelligent and networked. Domestic power marketing system means more backward, and the marketing organization system is imperfect. With the intensified competition of market, the Tianfu Thermoelectric original marketing information systems cannot satisfy the development needs of the enterprise, which lacks of top-down overall informatization construction planning and scattered IC cards. According to the current operating status of the joint stock company and existing problems, the establishment of an integrated marketing platform with electricity, heat and gas business is built on a unified infrastructure platform in order to unify customer information, marketing basic platform capabilities and customer service platform function, centralize management of electricity, heat, gas marketing business in one of a big marketing intensive management mode including electricity, heat and gas.
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Colom Braña, Gloria M. "Everything but the Car: The Carport as Social Space in Puerto Rican Domestic Architecture". Special Issue - Storied Spaces: Renewing Folkloristic Perspectives on Vernacular Architecture 90-91 (29.04.2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1076797ar.
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The carport, a nondescript functional space within a majority of Puerto Rican houses, often accommodates different social practices throughout the year. Daily household activities such as laundry and childcare often take place in the carport, but it is also a site for landmark events such as birthdays, social gatherings, and Christmas parties. Designed exclusively for car storage, the carport is often used for everything but the car. In order to understand how this space came to be repurposed, this article focuses on the history of the introduction of the car and carport in Puerto Rico. The transformation of a single-use space into an all-purpose space with distinct cultural signifiers happened soon after the spread of the carport. The history of the colonial relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico is tied to the story of changes to the North American house form, particularly the most utilitarian spaces within the domestic sphere. The carport reflects the dreams and illusions of upward mobility and how that came crashing down in a seemingly economic free fall that began roughly in 2007 and has continued spiraling out of control.
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Marcos, Carlos L. "CSH Program o el American way of life. Iconos domésticos californianos de los 50". VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 8, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2021.14762.
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<p class="Cuerpo">After World War II a new order emerged amongst the ruins, the devastation and the Allied triumph. The United States, more than any other country, emerged as a new world power with an optimism founded on victory as much as on its untouched territory and on its economy boosted by the military industrial complex. Architecture in the 50s could not avoid being part of the American dream. Would it be possible to find an architectural image to embody such an aspiration? In other words, would it be possible to conceive an architectural iconography tuned with technology, progress, freedom, individualism, and the familiar image for domestic architecture capable of assuming the symbolism and the characteristic optimism of the American way of life? That was the goal pursued by John Entenza, editor of the influential Arts & Architecture journal, and advocate of the Case Study House Program. The glazed box could assume much of the imagery associated with a new way of life for various reasons. Indeed, it served as an iconography for the domestic architecture of the period inspired in industrialisation or in the hybridisation of steel and the balloon-frame constructive system as a pretext diversely reinterpreted in the Case Study Houses later to become icons of a Californian modern domesticity.<em></em></p>
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Domestic z United States Architecture"
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Krenzke, Shaun R. "Housing for empowerment : more than just a place to eat, sleep, and watch TV". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1305456.
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I began this investigation by asking a question. What is a possible design solutionthat can enable people who live-in or seek-out affordable housing to inhabit a structure that is more than a shelter, but a place they are proud to return to, bring friends to, and live in?The first portion of this thesis documents the need for affordable housing in the United States. Franklin Roosevelt, in 1944 before United States Congress, listed one of the economic rights of every citizen to be, "the right of every family to a decent home." Less money is being spent building new affordable housing or maintaining existing housing than at any other time in our history. The need for affordable housing continues to grow while the amount of available units continues to decline. There will always be a need for affordable housing in the United States. Some people will move out, but there will be new people with a need. I believe housing should be more than merely shelter. The rundown big box affordable housing we are all familiar with does not empower the people who occupy it to live their lives or easily better themselves. They are isolated in location and by negative connotation. There are a growing number of architects who have taken on the challenge to help people to better themselves, when they are unable to themselves. The four architectural precedents that are documented in the second portion of this thesis have dedicated their lives and abilities to creating better affordable housing that aids in allowing citizens, reguardless of race, ethnicity, or income (economic status), to benefit from their physical environment. Examples of each architectural firm's work are presented. I examine the design and participatory processes that enabled the architects to empower the people who live in their well-designed affordable housing.The final portion of this thesis focuses on stating and justifying seventeen design principles to enable people to create decent affordable housing based on the research and interviews. These principles investigate the ideas of being human, giving the sense of ownership to the people who live in affordable housing, being contextually respectful to one's neighborhood and community, being environmentally friendly, being modifiable or changeable for the different people who live in it over time, and respecting each family's specific story and enabling them to express their life and lifestyle. This thesis expresses the design principles of housing for empowerment.Department of Architecture
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Fokdal, Josephine. "Everyday aesthetic as a basic need". Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1355594.
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Architecture builds the frames for human lives and thereby frames humans and their well being. Thus, the role of the user and their needs are brought into the picture. The American psychologist Abraham Maslow defined human basic needs as physical needs that must be fulfilled. In my thesis I intend to argue that certain psychic needs should also be added to the basic needs of humans; in particular, the need for aesthetics. I intend to define a specific type of aesthetics, namely the everyday aesthetic that has existed as long as the aesthetic debate. The everyday aesthetic can be defined as a symbolic communication expressed by the user in connection with residential architecture.Scholarship on the need for aesthetics in relation to architecture is lacking. This thesis addresses the subject through a case study documentation and by analyzing traces and patterns of the everyday aesthetic in fifteen residential neighborhoods in different cities across the United States (July 2006). The conclusion that can be drawn from this empirical research indicates the desire for everyday aesthetics functions like a basic need and can be understood as a psychic need appropriate for addition to Maslow's pyramid of human's needs.Department of Architecture
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Schrenk, Lisa Diane. "The role of the 1933-34 Century of Progress International Exposition in the development and promotion of modern architecture in the United States /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Connor, Michael. "A place to call home". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17098.
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Sharp, Leslie N. "Women shaping shelter". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7268.
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Marshall, Frank Allison. "The stability of shape grammar applied to a bungalow built for change". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21654.
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Scheidt, Danny Lee. "Housing and community design : the multi-generational community : meeting the needs of changing demographic patterns of the United States population". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23131.
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Castle, Jane School of Architecture UNSW. "Vernacular, regional and modern- Lewis Mumford???s bay region style and the architecture of William Wurster". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Architecture, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26245.
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This thesis examines aspects of the work of American writer and social critic, Lewis Mumford, and the domestic buildings of architect William Wurster. It reveals parallels in their careers, particularly evident in an Arts and Crafts influence and the regional emphasis both men combined with an otherwise overtly Modernist outlook. Several chapters are devoted to the background of, and influences on, Mumford???s regionalism and Wurster???s architecture. Mumford, a spiritual descendent of John Ruskin, admired Wurster???s work for its reflection of his own regionalist ideas, which are traced to Arts and Crafts figures Patrick Geddes, William Morris, William Lethaby and Ruskin. These figures are important to this study, firstly because the influence of their philosophical perspective allowed Mumford, almost uniquely, to position himself as a spokesman for both Romanticism and Modernism with equal validity, and secondly because of their influence upon early Californian architects such as Bernard Maybeck, and subsequently upon Wurster and his colleagues. Throughout the thesis, an important architectural distinction is highlighted between regional Modernism and the International Style. This distinction polarised the American architectural community after Mumford published an article in 1947 suggesting that the ???Bay Region Style??? represented a regionally appropriate alternative to the abstract formulas of International Style architecture and nominated Wurster as its most significant representative. Wurster???s regional Modernism was distinct from the bulk of American Modernism because of its regional influences and its indebtedness to vernacular forms, apparent in buildings such as his Gregory Farmhouse. In 1948, Henry-Russel Hitchcock organised a symposium at New York???s Museum of Modern Art to refute Mumford???s article. Its participants acrimoniously rejected a regionalist alternative to the International Style, and architectural historians have suggested that authentic regional development in the Bay Region largely ceased because of such adverse theoretical and academic scrutiny. After examining the influences on Mumford and Wurster, the thesis concludes that twentieth century regional architectural development in the San Francisco Bay Region has influenced subsequent Western domestic architecture. Wurster suggested that architects should employ the regional and vernacular rather than emulate historical styles or follow theoretical models in their buildings and Mumford, upon whose work Critical Regionalism was later founded, is central to any understanding of the importance of the vernacular, regional and historical in modern architecture.
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Kohr, Andrew D. "A terrace typology : a systematic approach to the study of historic terraces during the eighteenth century in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States". Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314220.
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Terraces have been a common design element in Mid-Atlantic formal landscapes during the eighteenth century. Their roots in recorded Western history can be traced back to the Roman Empire and the Italian Renaissance. Because of the scattered research and a lack of a systematic approach to the study of historic landscapes, terraces have been an overlooked design feature. This thesis serves to synthesize research into a terrace typology that can be used to systematically document a terrace site, determine its significance, choose a preservation strategy, and interpret the landscape. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed terrace typology and its components. this project studied the Virginia plantation Menokin and its terraced landscape. The terrace typology is one possible tool to be employed as a first step in the examination of systematic approaches to the study of historic landscapes that can contribute to the development of the profession and expand the knowledge of the cultural environment.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Morris, Jacob J. "Relationships between woodworking technology and residential millwork in the nineteenth century : with an appendix on the implications for the evaluation of historic millwork". Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1348353.
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This document is an examination of the millwork industry in the nineteenth century and its influence upon the residential built environment. This study explores influences and results in relation to the development of millwork in the United States. The first is the technological divergence that developed between the United States and Europe, as America introduced different technologies to exploit the vast amounts of timber accessible to the New World. The second development occurred as the New World slowly developed a taste for the type of elaborate millwork previously associated with wealthy patrons. Low cost of materials and new technologies made more complicated wood finishes available to those of modest means. The third situation reflects the struggle between an elite class of architects and pattern book designers, who advocated restraint in design, and carpenter-builders and their clients, who wanted to display their talent or status through the use of a high level of ornamental millwork.Department of Architecture
Książki na temat "Domestic z United States Architecture"
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A, Kliment Stephen, Chandler Robert 1954- i Goody, Clancy & Associates, Inc., Architects, red. Building type basics for housing. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
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Versaci, Russell. Roots of home: Our journey to a new old house. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press, 2008.
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Baker, John Milnes. American house styles: A concise guide. London: W.W. Norton, 1993.
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A history through houses: Cape Cod's varied residential architecture. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2010.
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Miller, Mary Carol. Lost mansions of Mississippi. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1996.
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Jakle, John A. Common houses in America's small towns: The Atlantic Seaboard to the Mississippi valley. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989.
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Alexander, Vertikoff, red. At home in the heartland: Midwestern domestic architecture. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs Smith, 2007.
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David, Weingarten, red. Bay Area style: Houses of the San Francisco Bay region. New York: Rizzoli, 2004.
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1945-, Reck Robert, red. Facing Southwest: The life & houses of John Gaw Meem. New York: Norton, 2001.
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Kemp, Jim. American vernacular: Regional influences in architecture and interior design. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Viking, 1987.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Domestic z United States Architecture"
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Jones, M. G. "Domestic Architecture in the United States." W The Charity School Movement, 274–88. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058530-23.
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Tuthill, L. C. "Domestic Architecture in the United States". W History of Architecture, from the Earliest Times, 274–88. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058950-23.
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Chesney, Robert M. "The Domestic Legal Framework for US Military Cyber Operations". W The United States' Defend Forward Cyber Strategy, 67–91. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197601792.003.0005.
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Conventional wisdom holds that Congress has abandoned its duty regarding the government’s war powers. It is not hard to understand why. Between the agelessness and flexibility of the 2001 and 2002 Authorizations for Use of Military Force and periodic unilateral uses of military force in Libya, Syria, and Iraq, the executive branch appears to act largely at its own discretion regarding conventional military operations. But matters are different in the cyber domain. With little fanfare and less public notice, Congress and the executive branch have cooperated effectively over the past decade to build a legal architecture for military cyber operations. Chapter 4 analyzes this legal architecture.
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Chachko, Elena. "Persistent Aggrandizement and Israel’s Cyber Defense Architecture". W The United States' Defend Forward Cyber Strategy, 283–304. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197601792.003.0013.
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Since 2011, the Israeli government has worked to centralize and streamline cyber defense authorities and responsibilities. This chapter compares the Israeli cyber defense architecture and recent reforms with key concepts in current US strategy: Defend Forward and Persistent Engagement. It finds that the Israeli equivalent to Defend Forward is far less regulated than its US parallel, and that the Israeli version of Persistent Engagement at home allows domestic action and harnesses the private sector in ways that the US approach does not contemplate. The chapter also briefly evaluates the Israeli reforms. It argues that the reforms are best described as persistent government aggrandizement, at the expense of the private sector and civil liberties.
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McHugh, Kathleen Anne. "Making Home, Making Nation: Catharine Beecher’s Domestic Economy". W American Domesticity, 35–59. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122619.003.0003.
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Abstract I do not hesitate to avow, that, although the women of the United States are confined within the narrow circle of domestic life, and their situation is one of extreme dependence, I have nowhere seen women occupying a loftier position; if I were asked ... to what the singular prosperity and growing strength of that people ought mainly to be attributed, I should reply-to the superiority of their women. Catharine Beecher is the most famous nineteenth-century writer on domesticity. Were it necessary to summarize her significance to the construction of domesticity in America, that summary would be this: Catharine Beecher made a place for (middle-class white) women by synthesizing political, philosophical, and religious discourses with those concerning domestic labor, architecture, and design.
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Fuller, Christopher J. "“Talking about Capturing bin Laden”: The Clinton Administration and the Legal Architecture of Lethal Force in Counterterrorism, 1993–2000". W See It/Shoot It. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300218541.003.0006.
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This chapter addresses the notion that the CIA's drone campaign lacks appropriate congressional oversight and domestic legal authorization, instead revealing that the agency sought extensive legal cover from both the executive branch and Congress before undertaking its role as aerial executioner. Introducing the concept of the covert action pendulum, the chapter argues that a historic cycle of agency excess followed by a backlash of congressional investigation and subsequently increased oversight became established. It also examines how the hard-learned lessons from these pendulum swings prompted Langley's cautious managers to insist upon the creation of the complex legal architecture that now underwrites the United States' drone campaign.
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Raghunandan, D. "India in International Climate Negotiations". W India in a Warming World, 187–204. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199498734.003.0011.
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A popular view of India’s role in climate negotiations is that it has successfully protected its interests in avoiding emissions control obligations while representing the positons of developing countries. A more critical appraisal shows that Indian creativity in shaping the agenda in pre-Kyoto years was replaced by foreign policy objectives, particularly its aim of advancing a strategic alliance with the United States (US). A negotiating position driven by a scientific understanding of its domestic vulnerabilities would have reinforced Indian support to the positions of developing countries, and might have yielded a different outcome in Paris. The architecture, as it stands, is a low-ambition emissions control regime that favours developed countries by diminishing notions of historic responsibility and equity.
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Rotberg, Robert I. "The China Factor". W Things Come Together, 142–63. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190942540.003.0006.
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Solving Africa’s central concerns of the mid-twenty-first century—how to grow economically as its population surges and how to create more and more jobs for its burgeoning labor force—relies on China. Likewise, enabling Africa to improve its human security and human welfare in most of its component nations depends on China. Third, strengthening Africa’s infrastructural architecture depends mostly on China. Without steady domestic Chinese economic growth and the behemoth’s consequent continued need for primary resources derived from Africa, however, prospects for many of the latter continent’s nation-states are, at best, problematic. Chinese demand drives African prosperity, raises world prices for primary products, and has made it possible for a number of the polities of Africa to accumulate wealth, to uplift their peoples, and to begin to play larger roles on the world’s stage. In this decade, and later, Africa and China are bound together synergistically in ways that cannot readily be replaced by trade, aid, or attention from the United States, India, Russia, Brazil, or Europe.
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Karp, Matthew. "Grand Strategy of the Master Class". W Rethinking American Grand Strategy, 106–22. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695668.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses the role of Southerners and slavery in US foreign policy from the antebellum era to the Civil War. Studies that explore slavery's specific impact on foreign policy have generally confined themselves to the ways that slaveholders worked to secure fugitive slave laws, enact restrictions on black sailors, or, at most, fight to add new slave states to the Union. However, the kind of domination that slaveholders desired went beyond the need to reinforce their narrow property rights, or even the desire to expand the amount of territory under slave cultivation. Antebellum slaveholders assumed national Cabinet posts to command the power of the entire United States, and then, crucially, to use that power to strengthen slavery in world politics. If grand strategy is “the intellectual architecture that gives form and structure to foreign policy,” slaveholding leaders were not merely provincial sectionalists but bold and cosmopolitan strategic thinkers. Their profound ideological commitment to slavery did not merely affect domestic politics within a divided republic; it left a deep imprint on the “strategic culture” of American foreign policy.
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Mullins, Paul R. "The Optimism of Absence: An Archaeology of Displacement, Effacement, and Modernity". W Contemporary Archaeology and the City. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803607.003.0022.
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In the 1960s Edward J. Zebrowski turned the razing of Indianapolis, Indiana into a compelling show of forward-looking community optimism illuminating the power of displacement. When Zebrowski’s company toppled the Knights of Pythias Hall in 1967, for instance, he installed bleachers and hired an organist to play from the back of a truck as the twelve-storey Romanesque Revival structure was reduced to rubble. Two years later, the ‘Big Z’ hosted a party in the Claypool Hotel and ushered guests outside at midnight to watch as the floodlit building met its end at the wrecking ball (Figure 12.1). Zebrowski’s theatricality perhaps distinguished him from the scores of wrecking balls dismantling American cities, but his celebration of the city’s material transformation mirrored the sentiments of many urbanites in the wake of World War II. The post-war period was punctuated by a flurry of destruction and idealistic redevelopment in American cities like Indianapolis just as the international landscape was being rebuilt from the ruins of the war. In 1959 the New York Times’ Austin Wehrwein (1959: 61) assessed the University of Chicago’s massive displacement in Hyde Park and drew a prescient parallel to post-war Europe when he indicated that ‘wrecking crews have cleared large tracts, so that areas near the university resemble German cities just after World War II’. Indeed, much of Europe was distinguished less by ruins and redevelopment than demolition and emptied landscapes removing the traces of warfare that states wished to reclaim or efface; in the United States, urban renewal likewise took aim on impractical, unappealing, or otherwise unpleasant urban fabric and the people who called such places home (see also Ernsten, Chapter 10, for this process associated with the policies of apartheid in Cape Town). These global projects removed wartime debris and razed deteriorating prewar landscapes, extending interwar urban renewal projects that embraced the fantasy of a ‘blank slate’ as they built various unevenly executed imaginations of modernity. However, many optimistic development plans in Europe and the United States alike were abandoned or disintegrated into ruins themselves, simply leaving blank spaces on the landscape. Consequently, the legacy of urban renewal and post-war reconstruction is not simply modernist architecture; instead, post-war landscape transformation is signalled by distinctive absences dispersed amidst post-war architectural space and traces of earlier built environments.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Domestic z United States Architecture"
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Del Cueto, Beatriz. "From Natural to Artificial: Vernacular housing in the Spanish Caribbean". W HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14218.
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The Spanish American War of 1898 and the colonization of the Spanish Caribbean (Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic) by the Government of the United States (U.S.), brought about changes to local vernacular housing. The Spanish colonizers substituted indigenous traditional means and methods of construction and replaced them with continental techniques and new materials. The U.S. occupation produced yet another transformation through the extensive use of portland cement which became the protagonist for their new domestic architecture. Even though cement had been introduced into the region two decades prior, to build industrial structures and through the importation of pre-manufactured new materials made with cement, it was slowly accepted for residential buildings, being promoted as fireproof, vermin-proof, and with the strength to resist hurricanes and earthquakes. Erection methods were faster, the dwellings were lighter, and built with the use of repetitive methods facilitated by reusable molds. Catalogs produced in each of these territories with the new prefabricated cement architectural elements would maintain the essence of the vernacular translated into cement and reinforced concrete. These architectural evolutions are traced with the use of historic archival materials: cartography, architectural layouts, photography, and extant contemporary representations.
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Savander, Brant R., Kevin J. Maki i Jan Land. "The Effects of Deadrise and Deadrise Variation on Steady Planing Hull Performance". W SNAME Chesapeake Power Boat Symposium. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/cpbs-2010-020.
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Historically, planing surfaces have been successfully used in a wide variety of practical applications ranging from flying boats of the 1930’s to the high-speed recreational, commercial, and military craft of the modern era. Planing hull analysis technology spans a similar time frame. The pioneering works of von Karman (1929) and Wagner (1932) were motivated by military interests in flying boats. Similarly, in the United States, Davidson Laboratories conducted and enormous amount of experimental research starting largely in the World War II time frame. One of the seminal publications related to planing hull performance prediction is Savitsky (1964), based upon research conducted at Davidson Laboratories. A major motivation for the Savitsky (1964) work, was to be able to provide the naval architect with a tool to assess steady planing performance in a meaningful way during the preliminary design process. Savitsky (1964) allowed the designer to study tradeoffs between variables such as deadrise angle, , chine beam, , planing surface length, longitudinal center of gravity, vessel weight, and shaft angle. As the 2010 Chesapeake Bay Powerboat Symposium is honoring the professional accomplishments of Dr. Daniel Savitsky, the work contained herein is motivated by the example set by Dr. Savitsky in successfully applying fundamental research findings to practical planing hull naval architecture problems. In the spirit of Savitsky (1964), the work of Savander (1997) and Savander, et al., (2002) was motivated by the need to provide the planing hull designer with a tool to assess steady planing performance that allowed for sufficient geometric sensitivity in a computationally efficient manner. These methods are based upon application of a slender body theory approach in conjunction with an ideal flow theory formulation. Savander, et al. (2002) revealed explicit definition of general deadrise variation, B (x,z), in the formulation for dynamic lift and drag, where the horizontal plane is defined by (x,z). The formulation presented in Savander, et al. (2002) is implemented in a numerical program identified as SEAdyn. SEAdyn is used herein to analyze the calm water resistance characteristics of a series of geometrically related planing surfaces created by systematic variation of deadrise, B (x,z), as may be used by the naval architect in the planing hull design process. The baseline hull configuration corresponds to the 70-ft planing hull (JB70) presented in Savander, et al. (2008) which was extensively tested at model scale by MARIN, and at full scale by MTU - Detroit Diesel. The performance of the hullform variants is presented and compared to model test results obtained by MARIN for the JB70. The hullform that which displayed the most favorable resistance improvement is be analyzed, as part of an ongoing effort, with the RANS solvers STAR-CCM+ and OPENFOAM. The results from model tests, SEAdyn, STAR-CCM+, and OPENFOAM are all be presented and the merits of each analysis approach discussed.