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1
Azam, Md Ali. "Energy Efficient Spintronic Device for Neuromorphic Computation". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6036.
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Future computing will require significant development in new computing device paradigms. This is motivated by CMOS devices reaching their technological limits, the need for non-Von Neumann architectures as well as the energy constraints of wearable technologies and embedded processors. The first device proposal, an energy-efficient voltage-controlled domain wall device for implementing an artificial neuron and synapse is analyzed using micromagnetic modeling. By controlling the domain wall motion utilizing spin transfer or spin orbit torques in association with voltage generated strain control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), different positions of the domain wall are realized in the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction to program different synaptic weights. Additionally, an artificial neuron can be realized by combining this DW device with a CMOS buffer. The second neuromorphic device proposal is inspired by the brain. Membrane potential of many neurons oscillate in a subthreshold damped fashion and fire when excited by an input frequency that nearly equals their Eigen frequency. We investigate theoretical implementation of such “resonate-and-fire” neurons by utilizing the magnetization dynamics of a fixed magnetic skyrmion based free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy or voltage generated strain results in expansion and shrinking of a skyrmion core that mimics the subthreshold oscillation. Finally, we show that such resonate and fire neurons have potential application in coupled nanomagnetic oscillator based associative memory arrays.
2
Riera, Villanueva Marc. "Low-power accelerators for cognitive computing". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669828.
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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved tremendous success for cognitive applications, and are especially efficient in classification and decision making problems such as speech recognition or machine translation. Mobile and embedded devices increasingly rely on DNNs to understand the world. Smartphones, smartwatches and cars perform discriminative tasks, such as face or object recognition, on a daily basis. Despite the increasing popularity of DNNs, running them on mobile and embedded systems comes with several main challenges: delivering high accuracy and performance with a small memory and energy budget. Modern DNN models consist of billions of parameters requiring huge computational and memory resources and, hence, they cannot be directly deployed on low-power systems with limited resources. The objective of this thesis is to address these issues and propose novel solutions in order to design highly efficient custom accelerators for DNN-based cognitive computing systems.
In first place, we focus on optimizing the inference of DNNs for sequence processing applications. We perform an analysis of the input similarity between consecutive DNN executions. Then, based on the high degree of input similarity, we propose DISC, a hardware accelerator implementing a Differential Input Similarity Computation technique to reuse the computations of the previous execution, instead of computing the entire DNN. We observe that, on average, more than 60% of the inputs of any neural network layer tested exhibit negligible changes with respect to the previous execution. Avoiding the memory accesses and computations for these inputs results in 63% energy savings on average.
In second place, we propose to further optimize the inference of FC-based DNNs. We first analyze the number of unique weights per input neuron of several DNNs. Exploiting common optimizations, such as linear quantization, we observe a very small number of unique weights per input for several FC layers of modern DNNs. Then, to improve the energy-efficiency of FC computation, we present CREW, a hardware accelerator that implements a Computation Reuse and an Efficient Weight Storage mechanism to exploit the large number of repeated weights in FC layers. CREW greatly reduces the number of multiplications and provides significant savings in model memory footprint and memory bandwidth usage. We evaluate CREW on a diverse set of modern DNNs. On average, CREW provides 2.61x speedup and 2.42x energy savings over a TPU-like accelerator.
In third place, we propose a mechanism to optimize the inference of RNNs. RNN cells perform element-wise multiplications across the activations of different gates, sigmoid and tanh being the common activation functions. We perform an analysis of the activation function values, and show that a significant fraction are saturated towards zero or one in popular RNNs. Then, we propose CGPA to dynamically prune activations from RNNs at a coarse granularity. CGPA avoids the evaluation of entire neurons whenever the outputs of peer neurons are saturated. CGPA significantly reduces the amount of computations and memory accesses while avoiding sparsity by a large extent, and can be easily implemented on top of conventional accelerators such as TPU with negligible area overhead, resulting in 12% speedup and 12% energy savings on average for a set of widely used RNNs.
Finally, in the last contribution of this thesis we focus on static DNN pruning methodologies. DNN pruning reduces memory footprint and computational work by removing connections and/or neurons that are ineffectual. However, we show that prior pruning schemes require an extremely time-consuming iterative process that requires retraining the DNN many times to tune the pruning parameters. Then, we propose a DNN pruning scheme based on Principal Component Analysis and relative importance of each neuron's connection that automatically finds the optimized DNN in one shot.Les xarxes neuronals profundes (DNN) han aconseguit un èxit enorme en aplicacions cognitives, i són especialment eficients en problemes de classificació i presa de decisions com ara reconeixement de veu o traducció automàtica. Els dispositius mòbils depenen cada cop més de les DNNs per entendre el món. Els telèfons i rellotges intel·ligents, o fins i tot els cotxes, realitzen diàriament tasques discriminatòries com ara el reconeixement de rostres o objectes. Malgrat la popularitat creixent de les DNNs, el seu funcionament en sistemes mòbils presenta diversos reptes: proporcionar una alta precisió i rendiment amb un petit pressupost de memòria i energia. Les DNNs modernes consisteixen en milions de paràmetres que requereixen recursos computacionals i de memòria enormes i, per tant, no es poden utilitzar directament en sistemes de baixa potència amb recursos limitats. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és abordar aquests problemes i proposar noves solucions per tal de dissenyar acceleradors eficients per a sistemes de computació cognitiva basats en DNNs. En primer lloc, ens centrem en optimitzar la inferència de les DNNs per a aplicacions de processament de seqüències. Realitzem una anàlisi de la similitud de les entrades entre execucions consecutives de les DNNs. A continuació, proposem DISC, un accelerador que implementa una tècnica de càlcul diferencial, basat en l'alt grau de semblança de les entrades, per reutilitzar els càlculs de l'execució anterior, en lloc de computar tota la xarxa. Observem que, de mitjana, més del 60% de les entrades de qualsevol capa de les DNNs utilitzades presenten canvis menors respecte a l'execució anterior. Evitar els accessos de memòria i càlculs d'aquestes entrades comporta un estalvi d'energia del 63% de mitjana. En segon lloc, proposem optimitzar la inferència de les DNNs basades en capes FC. Primer analitzem el nombre de pesos únics per neurona d'entrada en diverses xarxes. Aprofitant optimitzacions comunes com la quantització lineal, observem un nombre molt reduït de pesos únics per entrada en diverses capes FC de DNNs modernes. A continuació, per millorar l'eficiència energètica del càlcul de les capes FC, presentem CREW, un accelerador que implementa un eficient mecanisme de reutilització de càlculs i emmagatzematge dels pesos. CREW redueix el nombre de multiplicacions i proporciona estalvis importants en l'ús de la memòria. Avaluem CREW en un conjunt divers de DNNs modernes. CREW proporciona, de mitjana, una millora en rendiment de 2,61x i un estalvi d'energia de 2,42x. En tercer lloc, proposem un mecanisme per optimitzar la inferència de les RNNs. Les cel·les de les xarxes recurrents realitzen multiplicacions element a element de les activacions de diferents comportes, sigmoides i tanh sent les funcions habituals d'activació. Realitzem una anàlisi dels valors de les funcions d'activació i mostrem que una fracció significativa està saturada cap a zero o un en un conjunto d'RNNs populars. A continuació, proposem CGPA per podar dinàmicament les activacions de les RNNs a una granularitat gruixuda. CGPA evita l'avaluació de neurones senceres cada vegada que les sortides de neurones parelles estan saturades. CGPA redueix significativament la quantitat de càlculs i accessos a la memòria, aconseguint en mitjana un 12% de millora en el rendiment i estalvi d'energia. Finalment, en l'última contribució d'aquesta tesi ens centrem en metodologies de poda estàtica de les DNNs. La poda redueix la petjada de memòria i el treball computacional mitjançant l'eliminació de connexions o neurones redundants. Tanmateix, mostrem que els esquemes de poda previs fan servir un procés iteratiu molt llarg que requereix l'entrenament de les DNNs moltes vegades per ajustar els paràmetres de poda. A continuació, proposem un esquema de poda basat en l'anàlisi de components principals i la importància relativa de les connexions de cada neurona que optimitza automàticament el DNN optimitzat en un sol tret sense necessitat de sintonitzar manualment múltiples paràmetres
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Heath, Felicity. "Variable architecture polymers for DNA delivery". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539162.
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Ding, Ke. "Architectures of DNA block copolymers". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98214217X.
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Marriott, Hannah. "Genome architecture and DNA replication in Haloferax volcanii". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50190/.
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The archaeon Haloferax volcanii is used to study DNA replication and repair, and it is unique amongst cellular organisms as it is able to grow in the absence of DNA replication origins. There are four DNA replication origins on the main circular chromosome (including the integrated mega-plasmid pHV4) and one on each of the other mega-plasmids pHV1 and pHV3. Replication origins are normally required for the initiation of DNA replication, however H. volcanii is able to grow faster when all chromosomal origins have been deleted. Therefore, H. volcanii must utilise other methods of DNA replication such as recombination-dependent replication. The origin found on pHV3 cannot be deleted from the episomal mega-plasmid, whereas the origin can be deleted from episomal pHV4. The pHV3 mega- plasmid can be integrated onto the main chromosome, which allows the pHV3 origin to be deleted from the chromosome. The pHV1 mega-plasmid origin can be deleted from the episomal mega-plasmid, and the entire mega-plasmid can be lost from the H. volcanii cell. This generates a viable, healthy strain, which shows that the pHV1 mega-plasmid is non- essential. It was also found that the pHV1 mega-plasmid exists in H. volcanii as a 6x concatemer which is ~510 kb in size, which may explain the reason for being able to delete the origin. To further investigate the mechanisms that recombination-dependent replication may use, replication machinery (MCM and GINS) were tagged and expressed. Due to time constraints, interactions were not seen. The mcm gene was put under the control of a tryptophan inducible promoter. A strain lacking chromosomal origins and therefore primarily using recombination-dependent replication was shown to require more MCM than a wild-type strain.
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Wei, Diming. "The beauty of DNA architecture : the design and applications in DNA nanotechnology /". View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CBME%202009%20WEI.
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Schilter, David. "Synthesis and DNA-binding of Metallocyclic Architectures". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5317.
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A new family of cationic N-heterocyclic ligand derivatives was prepared and characterised. Among these compounds are halide salts of the dications [Y(spacer)Y]2+, each of which comprise two N heterocyclic donor groups (Y = 4,4′-bipy, pyz, apyz, apym) linked by a conformationally flexible spacer such as (CH2)n, α,α′-xylylene, 2,6-lutidylene or thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6 diyl. The diquaternary halide salts were converted to NO3- and PF6- salts, and interaction of these bridging ligands with labile palladium(II) and platinum(II) precursors afforded several multinuclear complexes. Bis(4,4′-bipyridinium) dications were incorporated into the dinuclear macrocycles [M2(2,2′ bipy)2{4,4′ bipy(CH2)n4,4′-bipy}2]8+ (M = Pd, Pt; n = 4, 6), cis [Pd2Cl4{4,4′ bipy(CH2)34,4′-bipy}2]4+, [Pt2(dppp)2{4,4′-bipy(1,2-xylylene)4,4′-bipy}2]8+ and cis-[Pt2Cl4{4,4′-bipy(1,2-xylylene)4,4′-bipy}2]4+. While bis(pyrazinium) analogues were unreactive towards the palladium(II) and platinum(II) precursors, the doubly deprotonated bis(3 aminopyrazinium) and bis(2 aminopyrimidinium) derivatives served as charge-neutral quadruply-bridging ligands in the complexes [Pt4(2,2′ bipy)4{apyz(CH2)6apyz–2H}2]8+ and [Pt4(2,2′ bipy)4{apym(CH2)5apym–2H}2]8+, both of which feature Pt(II). Pt(II) interactions. Larger species formed when the diamine O,O′-bis(2-aminoethyl)octadeca(ethylene glycol) (PEGda) was treated with cis dinitratopalladium(II) and platinum(II) precursors. The resulting complexes [M(N,N)(PEGda)]2+ (M = Pd, Pt; N,N = 2,2′-bipy, en, tmeda) possessed great size (62 membered chelate rings) and aqueous solubility. DNA-binding studies were conducted with selected complexes in order to investigate the types of interactions these species might participate in. Equimolar mixtures containing either the 16mer duplex DNA D2 or the single strand D2a and palladium(II)/platinum(II) complexes were prepared and analysed by negative-ion ESI MS. Studies of D2/Pd(II) mixtures suggested extensive fragmentation was occuring, and the use of [Pd(tmeda)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pd2(2,2′-bipy)2{4,4′-bipy(CH2)44,4′-bipy}2]8+ resulted in D2 adducts of [Pd(tmeda)]2+ and [4,4′-bipy(CH2)44,4′-bipy]2+, respectively. Decomposition also occurred when D2a was used, although 1 : 1 adducts were observed with [Pd(tmeda)(PEGda)]2+, [Pd(2,2′ bipy)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pd2(2,2′-bipy)2{4,4′-bipy(CH2)44,4′-bipy}2]8+. The low intensities of these adducts indicated that they are unstable towards ESI MS. Analogous ESI-MS experiments using platinum(II) derivatives were performed and, in contrast to those with palladium(II), indicated that the complexes remained largely intact. ESI-MS analysis of D2/Pt(II) mixtures allowed for the detection of 1 : 1 D2 adducts of [Pt(en)(PEGda)]2+, [Pt(tmeda)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pt2(2,2′-bipy)2{4,4′-bipy(CH2)44,4′-bipy}2]8+. Intensities of the adduct ions suggested the greater charge and aryl surface area allow the dinuclear species to bind D2 most strongly. Both [Pt(2,2′-bipy)(Mebipy)2]4+ and [Pt(2,2′ bipy)(NH3)2]2+ gave rise to 1 : 2 adducts of D2, although the latter was found to be a weaker binder, perhaps owing to its lower charge. Data obtained using 1 : 5 (D2 : complex) mixtures were consistent with the results above and suggested that D2 can bind more molecules of daunomycin than any of the platinum(II) species. Analyses of D2a/Pt(II) mixtures gave results similar to those obtained with D2, although fragmentation was more pronounced, indicating that the nucleobases in D2a play more significant roles in mediating decomposition than those in D2, in which they are paired in a complementary manner. Investigations into the effects of selected platinum(II) complexes on the thermal denaturation of calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) in solution were conducted. Both [Pt2(2,2′ bipy)2{4,4′-bipy(CH2)64,4′-bipy}2]8+ and [Pt(2,2′-bipy)(Mebipy)2]4+ greatly stabilised CT-DNA, most likely by intercalation. In contrast, [Pt(tmeda)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pt(en)(PEGda)]2+ (as well as PEGda) caused negligible changes in melting temperature (∆Tm), suggesting that these interact weakly with CT-DNA. Data for [Pt(2,2′ bipy)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pt(2,2′-bipy)(NH3)2]2+ indicated that these species perhaps intercalate CT-DNA, with similar ∆Tm values for both complexes implying that PEGda does not play a major role in binding. While findings from ESI-MS experiments were similar to those from the thermal denaturation experiments, discrepancies between results from the two methods could be found. In particular, fragmentation of cyclic species during ESI-MS caused the binding strength of the species to be underestimated when this method was employed.
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Schilter, David. "Synthesis and DNA-binding of Metallocyclic Architectures". University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5317.
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PhDA new family of cationic N-heterocyclic ligand derivatives was prepared and characterised. Among these compounds are halide salts of the dications [Y(spacer)Y]2+, each of which comprise two N heterocyclic donor groups (Y = 4,4′-bipy, pyz, apyz, apym) linked by a conformationally flexible spacer such as (CH2)n, α,α′-xylylene, 2,6-lutidylene or thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6 diyl. The diquaternary halide salts were converted to NO3- and PF6- salts, and interaction of these bridging ligands with labile palladium(II) and platinum(II) precursors afforded several multinuclear complexes. Bis(4,4′-bipyridinium) dications were incorporated into the dinuclear macrocycles [M2(2,2′ bipy)2{4,4′ bipy(CH2)n4,4′-bipy}2]8+ (M = Pd, Pt; n = 4, 6), cis [Pd2Cl4{4,4′ bipy(CH2)34,4′-bipy}2]4+, [Pt2(dppp)2{4,4′-bipy(1,2-xylylene)4,4′-bipy}2]8+ and cis-[Pt2Cl4{4,4′-bipy(1,2-xylylene)4,4′-bipy}2]4+. While bis(pyrazinium) analogues were unreactive towards the palladium(II) and platinum(II) precursors, the doubly deprotonated bis(3 aminopyrazinium) and bis(2 aminopyrimidinium) derivatives served as charge-neutral quadruply-bridging ligands in the complexes [Pt4(2,2′ bipy)4{apyz(CH2)6apyz–2H}2]8+ and [Pt4(2,2′ bipy)4{apym(CH2)5apym–2H}2]8+, both of which feature Pt(II). Pt(II) interactions. Larger species formed when the diamine O,O′-bis(2-aminoethyl)octadeca(ethylene glycol) (PEGda) was treated with cis dinitratopalladium(II) and platinum(II) precursors. The resulting complexes [M(N,N)(PEGda)]2+ (M = Pd, Pt; N,N = 2,2′-bipy, en, tmeda) possessed great size (62 membered chelate rings) and aqueous solubility. DNA-binding studies were conducted with selected complexes in order to investigate the types of interactions these species might participate in. Equimolar mixtures containing either the 16mer duplex DNA D2 or the single strand D2a and palladium(II)/platinum(II) complexes were prepared and analysed by negative-ion ESI MS. Studies of D2/Pd(II) mixtures suggested extensive fragmentation was occuring, and the use of [Pd(tmeda)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pd2(2,2′-bipy)2{4,4′-bipy(CH2)44,4′-bipy}2]8+ resulted in D2 adducts of [Pd(tmeda)]2+ and [4,4′-bipy(CH2)44,4′-bipy]2+, respectively. Decomposition also occurred when D2a was used, although 1 : 1 adducts were observed with [Pd(tmeda)(PEGda)]2+, [Pd(2,2′ bipy)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pd2(2,2′-bipy)2{4,4′-bipy(CH2)44,4′-bipy}2]8+. The low intensities of these adducts indicated that they are unstable towards ESI MS. Analogous ESI-MS experiments using platinum(II) derivatives were performed and, in contrast to those with palladium(II), indicated that the complexes remained largely intact. ESI-MS analysis of D2/Pt(II) mixtures allowed for the detection of 1 : 1 D2 adducts of [Pt(en)(PEGda)]2+, [Pt(tmeda)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pt2(2,2′-bipy)2{4,4′-bipy(CH2)44,4′-bipy}2]8+. Intensities of the adduct ions suggested the greater charge and aryl surface area allow the dinuclear species to bind D2 most strongly. Both [Pt(2,2′-bipy)(Mebipy)2]4+ and [Pt(2,2′ bipy)(NH3)2]2+ gave rise to 1 : 2 adducts of D2, although the latter was found to be a weaker binder, perhaps owing to its lower charge. Data obtained using 1 : 5 (D2 : complex) mixtures were consistent with the results above and suggested that D2 can bind more molecules of daunomycin than any of the platinum(II) species. Analyses of D2a/Pt(II) mixtures gave results similar to those obtained with D2, although fragmentation was more pronounced, indicating that the nucleobases in D2a play more significant roles in mediating decomposition than those in D2, in which they are paired in a complementary manner. Investigations into the effects of selected platinum(II) complexes on the thermal denaturation of calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) in solution were conducted. Both [Pt2(2,2′ bipy)2{4,4′-bipy(CH2)64,4′-bipy}2]8+ and [Pt(2,2′-bipy)(Mebipy)2]4+ greatly stabilised CT-DNA, most likely by intercalation. In contrast, [Pt(tmeda)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pt(en)(PEGda)]2+ (as well as PEGda) caused negligible changes in melting temperature (∆Tm), suggesting that these interact weakly with CT-DNA. Data for [Pt(2,2′ bipy)(PEGda)]2+ and [Pt(2,2′-bipy)(NH3)2]2+ indicated that these species perhaps intercalate CT-DNA, with similar ∆Tm values for both complexes implying that PEGda does not play a major role in binding. While findings from ESI-MS experiments were similar to those from the thermal denaturation experiments, discrepancies between results from the two methods could be found. In particular, fragmentation of cyclic species during ESI-MS caused the binding strength of the species to be underestimated when this method was employed.
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Yu, Zhiling. "Interactions and architecture of human MCM proteins in vitro and in vivo /". View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202003%20YU.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-137). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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van, der Merwe Mariè. "Enzyme architecture and flexibility affect DNA topoisomerase I function". View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2007. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2007-026-van_der_Merwe-Index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007.Title from title page screen (viewed on July 29, 2008). Research advisor: Mary-Ann Bjornsti, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xiii, 175 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-175).
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KATAM, SHRAVANTHI. "A SCALABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR HIGH SPEED DNA PATTERN MATCHING". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1021910429.
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Tägil, Tomas. "Arkitekten Hans Westman : funktionalismen och den regionala särarten /". Stockholm : Arkitekturmuseet, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369914944.
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Schünke, Susanne. "Entwicklung in den Chorformen englischer Kirchen vom 11. bis ins 13. Jahrhundert /". Köln : Copy-Star, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34925133b.
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Baldock, Brandi. "Impact of Ligand Shell Architecture on Structure and Reactivity of DNA Aptamer-Linked Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20400.
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DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA-NPs) have enormous potential as building blocks for materials due to their ability to specifically recognize and respond to target molecules and surfaces. The ability of DNA aptamers to adopt different conformations and bind either complementary DNA sequences or analyte molecules allows them to mediate nanoparticle assembly or disassembly, generating selective colorimetric responses.
Aptamer-mediated nanoparticle assembly and disassembly is sensitive to the nanoparticle ligand shell composition and structure, yet these topics have not been extensively explored. In this dissertation, a method for determining the ligand shell composition of DNA-NPs is described and a framework for understanding the impact of the DNA assembly arrangement and recognition strand density upon aptamer-mediated nanoparticle assembly and disassembly is developed. Design rules for creating sensors with desired properties are elucidated, leading to creation of sensors with improved detection limits and quantification ranges.
A technique was needed to determine the number of DNA strands of any base composition attached to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of any core size. A rapid, convenient and inexpensive method to quantify the number of label-free DNA strands attached to AuNPs was therefore developed. This technique was extended to determine two different DNA sequences bound to AuNPs using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Based on the results of quantifying the ligand shells of DNA-NPs functionalized with two sequences, disulfide-terminated DNA non-specifically adsorbs and then rearranges to specifically bind the gold surface.
The position of the AuNPs and DNA strands within DNA-NP assemblies had a profound influence on their ability to assemble and sense adenosine. Assemblies designed for large inter-AuNP spacing were stable but unable to sense adenosine. Assemblies designed for short inter-AuNP spacing were unstable until the DNA ligand shell was diluted.
AuNPs functionalized with the fewest number of aptamers produced assemblies with the lowest detection limit and apparent disassociation constant and the largest analyte quantification range. Increasing the number of aptamer strands per AuNP increased the cooperativity of the AuNP disassembly response to adenosine.
This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material.
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Rigo, Riccardo. "The fine architecture of guanine-rich regions within oncogene promoters". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427311.
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Suppression of oncogenes transcription represents an ideal tool to integrate the currently available therapeutics to treat several cancer types and to overcome the potential occurrence of resistance. An experimentally validated mechanism of intervention is represented by the induction/stabilization of G-quadruplex structures in genes promoter by small molecules. G-quadruplexes are DNA non-canonical secondary structures consisting of stacked G-quartets, cyclic arrangements of four guanine residues held together by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds and stabilized by a central cation. At the moment, none of the identified G-quadruplex ligands reached the clinic. Several reasons can contribute to this poor outcome comprising both the plastic structural features of nucleic acids and the multiple metabolic pathways which might be affected when a small molecule interacts with G-quadruplex structures. Thus, one of the major issues lies on the proper structural analysis of targeted G-quadruplex.
To overcome this bias, in this Ph.D.’s thesis kinetic and thermodynamic behaviours of G-quadruplexes have been characterized to obtain an improved description of these structures as potential pharmaceutical targets. The study has been focused on G-rich sequences within c-KIT and EGFR oncogene promoters.
By applying a set of complementary structural and biophysical approaches, the folding pathways of these G-quadruplexes and influence of flanking regions in terms of structural stability and folding rearrangement have been described. The obtained information indicates that the promoter architecture might be not properly derived by analysis of minimal G-quadruplex forming sequences at the thermodynamic equilibrium, commonly used for screening assayes. Indeed, reported data suggest the existence of different unique mechanisms/pathways involved in the regulation of these oncogenes transcription which comprise kinetically favored folding intermediates or unprecedented structural arrangements.
The final outcome of Ph.D.‘s project is a deeper understanding of nucleic acid tridimensional arrangement of EGFR and c-KIT promoters which might help in setting up new drug-design programs based on models of G-quadruplex target more closely related to the physiological ones.
16
Agotai, Doris. "Architekturen in Zelluloid : der filmische Blick auf den Raum /". Bielefeld : Transcript, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410375996.
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Winter, Engelbert. "Staatliche Baupolitik und Baufürsorge in den römischen Provinzen des kaiserzeitlichen Kleinasien /". Bonn : R. Habelt, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37221698j.
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Lückerath, Thorsten [Verfasser]. "RAFT polymerization from DNA for DNA-polymer conjugates and higher-ordered DNA-polymer architectures / Thorsten Lückerath". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229993983/34.
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Lindberg, Marcus. "Den tredje pedagogen". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140195.
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Filippi, Geoffrey George. "A High-Availability Architecture for the Dynamic Domain Name System". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32869.
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A High-Availability Architecture for the Dynamic Domain Name System
DNS, DDNS, BGP, anycast, DHCP, replication, LDAP, multi-master, high-availability, reliability
The Domain Name System (DNS) provides a mapping between host names and Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Hosts that are configured using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) can have their assigned IP addresses updated in a Dynamic DNS (DDNS). DNS and DDNS are critical components of the Internet. Most applications use host names rather than IP addresses, allowing the underlying operating system (OS) to translate these host names to IP addresses on behalf of the application. When the DDNS service is unavailable, applications that use DNS cannot contact the hosts served by that DDNS server. Unfortunately, the current DDNS implementation cannot continue to operate under failure of a master DNS server. Although a slave DNS server can continue to translate names to addresses, new IP addresses or changes to existing IP addresses cannot be added. Therefore, those new hosts cannot be reached by the DDNS.
A new architecture is presented that eliminates this single point of failure. In this design, instead of storing resource records in a flat text file, all name servers connect to a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory to store and retrieve resource records. These directory servers replicate all resource records across each other using a multi-master replication mechanism. The DHCP servers can add records to any of the functioning DNS servers in event of an outage. In this scheme, all DNS servers use the anycast Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). This allows any of the DNS servers to answer queries sent to a single IP address. The DNS clients always use the same IP address to send queries. The routing system removes routes to non-functional name servers and delivers the request to the closest (according to network metrics) available DNS server.
This thesis also describes a concrete implementation of this system that was created to
demonstrate the viability of this solution. A reference implementation was built in a laboratory to
represent an Internet Service Provider (ISP) with three identical regions. This implementation
was built using Quagga as the BGP routing software running on a set of core routers and on each
of the DNS servers. The Berkeley Internet Name Daemon (BIND) was used as an
implementation of the DNS. The BIND Simplified Database Backend (SDB) interface was used
to allow the DNS server to store and retrieve resource records in an LDAP directory. The Fedora
Directory Server was used as a multi-master LDAP directory. DHCP service was provided by
the Internet Systems Consortium's (ISC) DHCP server.
The objectives for the design were high-availability, scalability and consistency. These
properties were analyzed using the metrics of downtime during failover, replication overhead,
and latency of replication. The downtime during failover was less than one second. The precision
of this metric was limited by the synchronization provided by the Network Time Protocol (NTP)
implementation used in the laboratory. The network traffic overhead for a three-way replication
was shown to be only 3.5 times non-replicated network traffic. The latency of replication was
also shown to be less than one second. The results show the viability of this approach and
indicate that this solution should be usable over a wide area network, serving a large number of
clients.
Master of Science
21
Amanshauser, Hildegund. "Untersuchungen zu den Schriften von Adolf Loos /". Wien : VWGÖ, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34833913g.
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Fiorito, Regina. "Wohnsiedlungsarchitektur der 60er Jahre in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und Deutschland : eine vergleichende Untersuchung /". Köln : Universität zu Köln, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37077433j.
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Wienberg, Jes. "Den gotiske labyrint middelalderen og kirkerne i Danmark /". Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29150261.html.
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Lam, Yvonne Y. S. "Architecture that Binds: A Place for Weddings and Funerals for a New Society". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/961.
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Weddings and funerals are some of the most universally profound events of our lives. Both acts, however disparate, ultimately celebrate life. This thesis draws on themes of life and regeneration in its reading of a neglected yet historically significant site in the port lands of Toronto. The changes that have occurred at the mouth of the Don mirror the changes that have occurred in Toronto from settlement to post-modernity. It is here that the thesis proposes a place that simultaneously reclaims its roots and creates a new identity for the port lands. As a means of reinhabiting this site, the design uses the power of weddings and funerals to generate a collective point of gathering that reflects the multicultural nature of Toronto today.
25
McLaughlin, Christopher. "Assembly of 3D DNA architectures: towards minimal design and maximal function". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117027.
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DNA serves as the essential biomacromolecule responsible for encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information in all forms of life. However, when taken out of this biological role, the unique self-assembling properties, information rich content and easy means of chemical synthesis make DNA an ideal material for solving some of the challenging problems in chemical construction at the nanometer length scale. The emerging field of supramolecular DNA assembly presents chemical solutions to DNA construction, by synthetically modifying DNA with small molecules and supramolecular motifs. This thesis specifically examines how DNA building blocks modified with synthetic organic, inorganic and polymeric molecules can be designed to efficiently assemble into well-defined 3D structures. In part 1, a modular assembly strategy is developed whereby 2D DNA triangles are efficiently prepared and connected to create the first triangular prismatic structure that can be site-specifically coordinated with transition metals. In part 2, selective introduction of sequence symmetry is utilized to both simplify design and generate an expanded set of 3D DNA geometries in a mild, facile and high yield manner. In parts 3 and 4, a 3D DNA construction method that assembles a minimum number of DNA strands in near quantitative yield, to give a scaffold with a large number of single-stranded arms, is introduced. As demonstrated in part 3, site-specific hybridization of DNA-polymer conjugates to the single-stranded arms of this 3D-DNA scaffold gives efficient access to nanostructured DNA-block copolymer cages with enhanced nuclease resistance. In part 4, it is demonstrated that unfunctionalized 3D DNA cubes efficiently accumulate in the cytoplasm of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) without the aid of any transfection agent. Collectively, this work develops 'DNA-economic' strategies to assemble 3D DNA structures in a facile manner and excellent yield. These assembly methods lay the foundation for fundamental assessment and future integration of 3D DNA structures as cellular probes or drug delivery tools and as a means to help solve some of the challenges facing researchers in biophysics and nanoscience.L'ADN est une biomacromolécule essentielle qui sert à encoder, transmettre et exprimer l'information génétique contenue dans toutes les formes de vie. Toutefois, al'extérieur de ce contexte biologique, les propriétés uniques d'auto-assemblage, le contenu riche en information et les méthodes de synthèse chimique simples qui sont associées à l'ADN en font un matériau idéal pour résoudre certains des grands défis dans la construction à l'échelle nanométrique. Le domaine émergent de l'assemblage supramoléculaire de l'ADN présente des solutions chimiques pour la construction de nanostructures au moyen de l'ADN, en modifiant celui-ci synthétiquement avec des molécules organiques et des motifs supramoléculaires. Cette thèse examine spécifiquement comment des blocs de construction d'ADN modifiés avec des molécules synthétiques organiques, inorganiques et des polymères peuvent être conçus pour s'assembler en structures 3D bien définies et de manière efficace. Dans la 1e partie, une stratégie d'assemblage modulaire est développée. Celle-ci permet de relier des triangles d'ADN bidimensionnels préparés de façon efficace pour créer la première structure prismatique triangulaire en 3D qui peut être coordonnée en des lieux spécifiques avec des métaux de transition. Dans la 2e partie, l'introduction sélective de symétrie dans les séquences est utilisée pour à la fois simplifier la conception et pour générer un ensemble élargi de géométries d'ADN en 3D d'une manière simple et haute en rendement. Dans les 3e et 4e parties, une méthode de construction d'ADN en 3D qui assemble un nombre minimal de brins dans un rendement presque quantitatif pour donner une structure comportant un grand nombre de sections en ADN simple-brin est introduite. Comme démontré dans la 3e partie, l'hybridation spécifique de conjugués d'ADN-polymère aux sections en simple-brin de cet échafaudage d'ADN tridimensionnel permet l'assemblage efficace de cages nanostructurées d'ADN-copolymère séquencé avec une résistance améliorée aux nucléases. Dans la 4e partie, il est démontré que des cubes d'ADN en 3D non- fonctionnalisés s'accumulent efficacement dans le cytoplasme de cellules humaines du cancer du col de l'utérus (HeLa) sans l'aide d'un agent de transfection. Collectivement, ce travail développe des stratégies «économiques en ADN» pour assembler des structures d'ADN en 3D d'une manière simple et avec un excellent rendement. Ces méthodes d'assemblage jettent les bases pour l'évaluation fondamentale et l'intégration future de structures d'ADN en 3D en tant que sondes cellulaires, outils d'administration de médicaments et moyens pour aider à résoudre certains des défis auxquels sont confrontés les chercheurs en biophysique et nanosciences.
26
Largillière, Justine. "Architecture moléculaire et dynamique de protéines histone-like de bactérie et d’archée". Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3052.
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HU est une protéine bactérienne qui est impliquée dans de nombreuses fonctions liées à l'ADN. Elle est présente sous forme de trois dimères chez E. coli (deux homodimères et un hétérodimère). Lorsque les deux homodimères sont mélangés in vitro, ils échangent leurs chaînes pour former l'hétérodimère. Mon travail a consisté à caractériser, structuralement et cinétiquement, ce mécanisme d'échange qui peut être décrit comme une réaction d’ordre 2 se déroulant en 3 étapes : d'une conformation native (N2) de chaque homodimère à une conformation intermédiaire (I2, partiellement dissociée et déstructurée), puis la formation d'un tétramère transitoire (étape limitante) qui se dissocie finalement en deux hétérodimères. Les résidus considérés comme étant les déterminants structuraux permettant la transition entre N2 et I2 ont pu être déterminés. Ces résidus, enfouis dans N2, forment un patch hydrophobe sur la surface de I2. Ce patch peut être impliqué dans la reconnaissance des chaînes de HU et permettrait la formation du tétramère. MC1 participe à l'organisation du génome de plusieurs archées, à la transcription de l'ADN et à la division cellulaire par des mécanismes inconnus. Nous présentons la structure d'un complexe formé par MC1 avec un ADN de 15 paires de bases. Alors que la protéine a besoin d'adapter sa conformation légèrement, l'ADN subit une courbure dramatique et une torsion impressionnante. Une telle conformation en V du complexe et un modèle structural de MC1 avec un ADN plus long nous ont amené à proposer un nouveau mode de liaison de la protéine en tant qu’« enrouleur ». Des expériences de diffraction RX et de SAXS ont été réalisées sur ce complexe. Malheureusement, la structure n'a pas pu être résolue en raison du manque de données de diffraction et les données SAXS ont invalidé le modèle. Ces résultats confirment que MC1 est une protéine atypique, qui stabilise de multiples conformations en V de l'ADN de manière flexible et dynamiqueHU is an essential bacterial protein that is involved in many functions related to DNA. It is present as three dimers in E.coli (two homodimers and one heterodimer). If the two homodimers are mixed in vitro, they exchange their chains to spontaneously form the heterodimer. My work was to characterize, structurally and kinetically, this exchange mechanism that can be described as a second order reaction of three successive steps : from a native conformation of each homodimer into an intermediate homodimer conformation (partially unfolded and dissociated), followed by the formation of a transient tetramer (limiting step) which finally dissociates into two heterodimers. The key residues allowing the protein to switch from the native to the intermediate state has been determined. Whereas, there are buried in the native conformation, they are forming a hydrophobic patch at the surface of the intermediate one. This patch could mediate the association of the intermediate conformation in order to form the tetramer.MC1 participates in the genome organization of several archaea and in DNA transcription and cellular division through unknown mechanisms. We discuss the solution structure of a complex formed by MC1 with a strongly distorted 15 base pairs DNA. While the protein just needs to adapt slightly its conformation, the DNA undergoes a dramatic curvature and an impressive torsion. Such a V-turn conformation of the complex lead us to propose a new binding mode for the protein as a wrapper and a structural model of MC1 with a longer DNA. XR diffraction and SAXS experiments were then carried out on this new complex. Unfortunately, the structure could not be solved due to the lack of diffraction data and the SAXS data invalidated the model. These results confirm that MC1 is an atypical protein, which stabilizes multiple V-turn conformations of the DNA in a flexible and dynamic manner
27
Ahlgren, Sara, i Jenny Lindström. "Ekonomi, kunskap och kommunikation : – Avgörande för den estetiska kvaliteten vid nyproduktion av bostäder". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86243.
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Det finns indikationer på att arkitekturen i Sverige upplevs som mer och mer enformig med avsaknad av estetiska kvaliteter. Arkitekter får bära ansvaret för påståendet, men själva menar de att de fråntagits sin ställning i byggprocessen där de byts ut under pågående projekt, underordnade ekonomiska intressen. Målet med arbetet var att ta reda på vad som händer med en byggnads estetiska kvaliteter när arkitekten byts ut samt vad som ligger bakom att bytet sker. En jämförelse mellan två objekt gjordes, ett där arkitekten varit med under hela processen och ett där arkitekten blivit utbytt. Studien utfördes genom faktainsamling från litteratur, observationer och intervjuer. Resultatet visar att viljan att bygga vackert med estetiska kvaliteter är starkt kopplat till beställarens ambitionsnivå. Det sammantagna resultatet visar dock på att estetiska värden underordnas ekonomi i byggprocessen. Vidare har det framkommit under arbetets gång att det råder kunskapsbrist och kommunikationssvårigheter mellan aktörer i byggbranschen, framförallt mellan arkitekt och entreprenör.There are indications that the architecture in Sweden is perceived as more and more monotonous with the absence of aesthetic qualities. Architects are allowed to bear responsibility for the claim but they themselves believe that they deprived their position in the construction process where they are replaced under ongoing projects, ancillary financial interests. The goal of the work was to find out what happens to a building's aesthetic qualities when the architect is replaced and what lies behind the replacement of the architect. A comparison of two objects was made, one in which the architect has been involved throughout the process and one where the architect has been replaced. The study was conducted through fact-finding from literature, observations and interviews. The result shows that the desire to build beautifully with aesthetic qualities is strongly linked to the client's level of ambition. However, the overall result shows that aesthetic values are subordinated to the economy of the construction-process. Furthermore, it has emerged during the work with this essay that there is a lack of knowledge and difficulties in communication between the actors in the construction industry, especially between architects and contractors.
28
Lemaître, Charlène. "Nuclear architecture and DNA repair : double-strand breaks repair at the nuclear periphery". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ079/document.
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L'ADN peut être endommagé par des facteurs environnementaux ou intrinsèques au fonctionnement des cellules. Ces facteurs induisent différents types de lésions dont les cassures double brins (CDBs). Les CDBs sont particulièrement dangereuses pour les cellules et une réparation inefficace ou non précise de ces cassures peut entraîner des mutations ou des translocations qui peuvent être à l'origine de cancer. Afin d'éviter l'instabilité génétique que peuvent induire les CDBs, les cellules ont développé deux principaux mécanismes de réparation: la ligature d'extrémités non homologues (NHEJ pour non homologous end joining) et la recombinaison homologue (HR pour homologous recombination). L’utilisation de l’un ou de l’autre de ces mécanismes est finement régulée et une dérégulation de cet équilibre induit une importante instabilité génomique.Tous ces mécanismes ont lieu dans le noyau des cellules qui, chez les mammifères est fortement hétérogène, comportant différents compartiments et des régions où la chromatine est plus ou moins compacte. Cette hétérogénéité implique que la réparation de l’ADN doit pouvoir être efficace dans différents contextes nucléaires. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai étudié l’influence de l’architecture nucléaire sur le choix des mécanismes de réparation des CDBs. J’ai montré d’une part que la protéine appartenant au pore nucléaire Nup153 influence l’équilibre entre HR et NHEJ et d’autre part que la position d’une CDB influe sur le choix du mécanisme de réparation.Mes résultats démontrent que l’organisation des gènes dans le noyau est un nouveau paramètre à prendre en compte dans l’étude des mécanismes de réparation de l’ADN et de tumorigénèseDNA is constantly assaulted by various damaging agents, leading to different types of lesions including double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are the most harmful lesions to the cells and their inaccurate or inefficient repair can trigger genomic instability and tumorigenesis. To cope with DSBs, cells evolved several repair pathways, including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). A fine regulation of the balance between these two pathways is necessary to avoid genomic instability.All of these mechanisms happen in the nucleus, which is highly heterogeneous in mammalian cells. Indeed, it encompasses several compartments and regions of various chromatin compaction levels. My PhD project focused on the influence of nuclear architecture on DNA repair pathway choice. I demonstrated on one hand that the nuclear pore protein Nup153 influences the balance between HR and NHEJ and on the other hand that the position of a DSB influences the choice of the repair pathway that will be used.My results demonstrate that gene positioning is a new important parameter in the study of DNA repair and tumorigenesis
29
Good, Kristi Lauren. "The influence of DNA architecture on transcriptional activation at the interleukin-2 promoter". Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1430201.
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Piantanida, Luca. "DNA ORIGAMI ACTUATION AS A POWERFUL DYNAMIC AND TUNABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR PLASMONIC STRUCTURE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/11133.
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2013/2014In questa tesi presento il mio lavoro di ricerca di Dottorato in Nanotecnologie. Questo studio è concentrato sull'uso di nanotecnologia a DNA come strumento per la creazione di strutture nano-biologiche e funzionalizzazione di particelle d'oro. Le nano-particelle d'oro sono state largamente studiate e le loro proprietà sono state sfruttate per importanti applicazioni come la spettroscopia Raman, la rilevazione biologica e la terapia medica. Queste nano-particelle sono caratterizzate da una risonanza ottica plasmonica e proprietà di dispersione della luce ben definite ed esistono numerosi protocolli di provata efficienza per la loro funzionalizzazione chimica. Tra questi, il protocollo di auto-assemblaggio di DNA si è dimostrato eccellente nel comporre strutture di nano-particelle con dimensioni e forma controllate. Questo approccio è stato impiegato per l'ingegnerizzazione di proprietà ottiche, per la creazione di "hot spot” nel campo plasmonico in aggregati di nano-particelle e anche per la formazione di righelli plasmonici con dimeri di nano-particelle nei quali la loro spaziatura è controllata con precisione nanometrica. In questo studio confronto due strategie per la formazione di dimeri di nano-particelle d'oro usando l'ibridizzazione del DNA. Una di queste strategie mi ha permesso di raggiungere una al resa del 26% di formazioni di dimeri rispetto al totale delle AuNP, senza ulteriori procedure di filtrazione, dato che rappresenta il valore più alto riportato in letteratura; inoltre questo dato è stato replicato utilizzando sequenze di DNA molto corte, fino ad 11 nucleotidi, condizione che normalmente riduce l’efficienza del processo. Nella seconda parte della mia tesi, ho combinato le proprietà plasmoniche delle nano-particelle d'oro con strutture a DNA origami in modo da creare sistemi ibridi tra di loro. Questa combinazione mi ha permesso di esplorare architetture innovative per la il controllo della plasmonica con la prospettiva di essere un punto di partenza per lo sviluppo di biosensori. Ho sviluppato una strategia per un controllo innovativo, reversibile e continuo della risonanza plasmonica usando un'attuazione basata su DNA origami. Il meccanismo di attuazione è basato sull'ibridizzazione del DNA, in particolare si è visto uno spostamento del picco di risonanza fino a 6 nm utilizzando tre sequenza di DNA diverse. Il sistema proposto è potrà essere utilizzato per lo studio dei meccanismi di ibridazione di DNA in condizioni di stress controllato, oppure potrà essere usato come piattaforma per un controllo continuo della posizione della risonanza plasmonica o in spettroscopia Raman.
XXVII Ciclo
1986
31
Findal, Wenche. "Mellom tradisjon og modernitet : arkitekt Ove Bang og den funksjonelle syntese /". Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41127354n.
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Kim, Yeonhee. "The Design and Assembly of 3D Liver Mimetic Cellular Architectures". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39454.
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We report the assembly of three-dimensional (3D) liver sinusoidal mimics comprised of primary rat hepatocytes, human or rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells denoted as hLSECs and rLSECs respectively, and an intermediate chitosan-hyaluronic acid (HA) polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM). The height of the PEMs ranged from 30-55nm and exhibited a shear modulus of ~ 100kPa. Primary rat hepatocytes coated with 5 and 15 PE layers exhibited stable urea and albumin production over a seven day period and these values were either comparable or superior to that in a collagen sandwich (CS). Hepatocyte-PEM-hLSEC liver mimics exhibited stable urea production and increasing albumin secretion over the culture period in comparison to hepatocyte-LSEC samples. In the 3D liver mimics, hLSEC phenotype was maintained and verified by the uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL). A sixteen-fold increase in CYP1A1/2 activity was observed for hepatocyte-PEM-10,000 hLSEC samples, thereby, suggesting that interactions between hepatocytes and hLSECs play a key role in enhancing hepatic phenotypes in in vitro cultures. As the first step towards elucidating key signaling pathways involved in cell-cell communications, global genome-wide transcriptional profiles of primary hepatocytes cultured in CS and hepatocyte monolayers (HMs) were performed over an eight-day period using DNA microarray measurements and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) in order to derive biologically meaningful information at the level of gene sets. The gene expression in CS cultures steadily diverged from that in HMs. Gene sets up-regulated in CS are those linked to liver metabolic and synthetic functions, such as lipid, fatty acid, alcohol and carbohydrate metabolism, urea production, and synthesis of bile acids. Monooxygenases such as CYP enzymes were significantly up-regulated starting on day 3 in CS cultures. These results serve as a baseline for further investigation into the systems biology of engineered liver tissues. 3D hepatic constructs were also assembled with primary rat hepatocytes and rLSECs, and a chitosan-HA PEM. In these hepatic models, the phenotype of hepatocytes and rLSECs were maintained. rLSEC phenotype was verified over a twelve-day period through immunostaining with the sinusoidal endothelial-1 (SE-1) antibody. In contrast, rLSECs cultured as monolayers lost their phenotype within 3 days. A two-fold increase in albumin production was observed only in the 3D liver models. rLSEC-PEM-hepatocyte cultures exhibited three- to six-fold increased CYP1A1/2 and CYP3A enzymatic activity. Well-defined bile canaliculi were observed in only 3D hepatic constructs. In summary, these results indicate that the layered rLSEC-PEM-hepatocyte constructs can be used as liver models for future studies.Ph. D.
33
Rizvi, Kishwar 1965. "Transformations in early Safavid architecture : the Shrine of Shaykh Safi al-din Ishaq Ardabili in Iran (1501-1629)". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9023.
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Tanh, Jeazet Harold Brice. "Metallo-supramolecular Architectures based on Multifunctional N-Donor Ligands". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39665.
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Self-assembly processes were used to construct supramolecular architectures based on metal-ligand interactions. The structures formed strongly depend on the used metal ion, the ligand type, the chosen counter ion and solvent as well as on the experimental conditions. The focus of the studies was the design of multifunctional N-donor ligands and the characterization of their complexing and structural properties. This work was divided into three distinct main parts: The bis(2-pyridylimine), the bis(2-hydroxyaryl) imine and the tripodal imine / amine ligand approach.
In the first part a series of bis(2-pyridylimine) derivatives having different linking elements were employed as building blocks for novel supramolecular architectures. Reaction of individual d-block metal salts with these ligands has led to the isolation of coordination polymers, a metallamacrocycle, double-stranded helicates, triple-stranded helicates as well as of circular meso-helicates. The nature of the spacer in the Schiff base ligands, the noncovalent weak interactions, such as hydrogen bond, face-to-face π-π and edge-to-face CH-π interactions, are all important factors influencing the architecture of the final products.
Topological control of the assembly process of the hexanuclear meso-helicates is clearly associated with the bidentate coordination of the sulfate anion which directs the formation of a double- rather than a triple-stranded helicate around the octahedrally coordinated Cu(II). Surprisingly, the variation of the linker function in the ligands, which significantly changes the linking angle of the pyridylimine strands, has only a little influence of the resulting structure. Also the use of a mixture of ligands does not influence the meso-helicate topology; the result is the symmetrically mixed meso-helicate.
The new iron(II) triple helicate [Fe2(L5)3](PF6)4 14 {L5 = bis[4-(2-pyridylmethyleneimino)phenyl]-1,1-cyclohexane} in its chloride form binds strongly to DNA as confirmed by induced circular dichroism signals in both the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and in-ligand bands of the helicate. The induced CD spectrum gives some evidence that [Fe2(L5)3]4+ interacts with the DNA in a single binding mode, which is consistent with major groove binding.
The cytotoxicity of the new iron(II) triple helicate 14 was evaluated on human lung cancer A549 cells and compared with that of cisplatin and that of the previously reported iron(II) triple helicate [Fe2(L1)3]4+{L1 = bis[4-(2-pyridylmethyleneimino)phenyl]methane}. The first results show some distinguishing features for 14 obviously caused by the existing structural differences of the complexes.
In the second part of the thesis, novel uranyl complexes of the bis(2-hydroxyaryl) imine ligands have been synthesized and characterized. 1D coordination polymers and mononuclear structures were formed. In all complexes a distorted hexagonal bipyramidal coordination geometry around the uranyl centre is observed. The imine nitrogen atoms of the ligands do not bind to the metal centre but interact strongly with the hydroxy group via H-bonding. DFT calculations made with L8 ( α,α’-Bis(salicylimino)-m-xylene) are in good agreement with the X-ray crystal structure data. Liquid-liquid extraction studies involving selected ligands and Eu(III) or U(VI) indicate remarkably high selectivity for U(VI) over Eu(III) at weak acidic pH conditions. We believe that the study made opens up new possibilities for uranyl ion extraction which could be interesting in view of the treatment of nuclear waste.
In the third part of the thesis, a series of multifunctional tripodal ligands with different N-donor centres were used for U(VI) and lanthanide, Nd(III), Eu(III) and Yb(III), binding and extraction. Reaction of these metal ions with selected tripodal ligands afforded complexes which were characterized by ESI mass spectroscopy. The complex composition was found to be 1:1 in all cases. The extraction behaviour of the tripodal ligands towards Eu(III) and U(VI) was studied both in the absence and presence of octanoic acid as co-ligand using the extraction system Eu(NO3)3 or UO2(NO3)2–buffer–H2O/ ligand–CHCl3. These separation systems show a remarkably high selectivity for U(VI) over Eu(III). It is interesting to note that the addition of the octanoic acid to the extraction system leads to high synergistic effects. A series of Eu(III) extraction experiments were done to clarify the composition of the extracted complexes. The results clearly point to the formation of various species with changing composition.
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Lee, Sally. "Architecture of RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase III pre-initiation transcription complexes /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9213.
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Lee, Daniel Gyejun 1971. "Architecture of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin recognition complex bound to origins of DNA replication". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85345.
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Araki, Sumiko. "Physical Approach to Effect of Global Architecture on Higher Order Structure of DNA Chain". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124392.
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Romedahl, Eriksson Amanda. "Den fjärde väggen". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222133.
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Ett försök att berätta en historia med hjälp av arkitektens verktyg. Projektet är en undersökning av vilken roll historieberättande kan ha inom arkitektur. Arbetet kan ses som en övning i att arbeta med arkitektur utifrån en historia. Ämnesvalet är relevant då arkitektur som ritas idag inte nödvändigtvis behöver byggas för att existera. Med skapandet av artificiella världar, i dataspel till exempel, kan arkitekten konstituera helt nya verkligheter. Även inom teatern blir det allt vanligare med så kallade interaktiva föreställningar, där publiken får röra sig fritt i en byggnad och på så sätt styr över sin egen teaterupplevelse. Jag har valt att tolka Karin Boyes dystopiska roman Kallocain. Dystopin känns idag mer aktuell än någonsin då samhället idag allt mer kommit att bli ett övervakningssamhälle präglat av rädsla för det okända och falska alarm. Projektets titel "Den fjärde väggen" är en term som används inom teater. Den syftar på den osynliga vägg tillika den tysta överenskommelse som finns mellan scen och publik vilken låter oss förstå representationer av verkligheten som tillfälliga verkligheter medan pjäsen spelas. Då den osynliga fjärde väggen byts mot en vanlig vägg försvinner den tysta överenskommelsen. Men när scenen blir till rum ändras också vår förståelse av vad som är verklighet och vad som är fiktion.An attempt of storytelling using the tools of the architect The project is an investigation of what role storytelling could have within the field of architecture. With interactive theatre, where the audience’s choice of movement conducts the theatre experience, architecture within computer games and artificial worlds this kind of specific architecture has relevance. I have chosen to interpret the dystopian novel Kallocain by the Swedish author Karin Boye. Living today in a society permeated by fear for the unknown, false alarms and constant surveillance of citizens for their own security, the dystopia feels more relevant today than ever. The title of the project "The fourth wall" is an expression that is used in the field of theatre. It refers to the invisible wall and the silent agreement between the stage and the audience witch allows us to read representations of reality as temporary realities while watching a play. By altering the invisible wall and make it a real one the silent agreement disappears. But when stage becomes space it also affects our understanding of what I is real and what is fiction.
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Chow, Brian 1978. "Photoelectromechanical synthesis of low-cost DNA microarrays". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42405.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
Recent advances in de novo gene synthesis, library construction, and genomic selection for target sequencing using DNA from custom microarrays have demonstrated that microarrays can effectively be used as the world's cheapest sources of complex oligonucleotide pools. Unfortunately, commercial custom microarrays are expensive and not easily accessible to academic researchers, and technical challenges still exist for dealing with the small amount of DNA synthesized on a chip. Genomic research would certainly benefit from the creation of cheaper custom microarrays with larger oligonucleotide concentrations per spot. This thesis presents the development of a novel DNA microarray synthesis platform based on semiconductor photoelectrochemistry (PEC) designed with these needs in mind. An amorphous silicon photoconductor is activated by an optical projection system to create "virtual electrodes" that electrochemically generate protons in a site-selective manner, thereby cleaving acid-labile dimethoxytrityl protecting groups with the spatial selectivity that is required for in-situ DNA synthesis. This platform has the potential to be particularly low-cost since it employs standard phosphoramidite reagents, visible wavelength optics, and a cheaply microfabricated and reusable substrate. By incorporating a porous thin-film glass that dramatically increases the DNA quantity produced by over an order of magnitude per chip, this platform may also simplify the handling of DNA cleaved from chip and drive down the cost per base synthesized. The hybridization detection of single-base errors was successfully demonstrated on PEC synthesized microarrays. This thesis also reports a suite of new surface chemistries and high-resolution techniques for patterning biological molecules.
by Brian Yichiun Chow.
Ph.D.
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Plontke-Lüning, Annegret. "Frühchristliche Architektur in Kaukasien : die Entwicklung des christlichen Sakralbaus in Lazika, Iberien, Armenien, Albanien und den Grenzregionen vom 4. bis zum 7. Jh. /". Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2007. http://edoc-storage.obvsg.at/ce-ag/bvb/0006/007/09/BV022931106_AC06406406_n0001in.1xxxxxxxxx.pdf.
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Eischeid, Mark Romley. "Dan Kiley and the artificial infinite". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25845.
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Dan Kiley (American, 1912-2004) is one of the most highly regarded modernist landscape architects of the 20th century. As described in Kiley scholarship to-date, his decades-long practice exhibits a commitment to modernism inspired by classical landscape elements and modernist spatial techniques as a means of recreating the experience of a “walk in nature”. An unexamined aspect of Kiley scholarship is his consistent references to infinity in published writing and interviews, references which date as far back as the 1960s and continue into the 1990s, and therefore span much of his professional career. These references to infinity are often used to describe a personal appreciation of nature as well as an intentional approach to design. Through an analysis of these references, literature review of Kiley scholarship, interviews with selected Kiley colleagues, and archival research and site visits of five case studies (Miller Garden, North Christian Church, Fountain Place, Kiley Garden, and Donald J. Hall Sculpture Garden), this thesis examines the way in which Kiley referred to infinity and how he may have expressed infinity in his designed landscapes. This examination is contextualised within the histories of the ideas of infinity and artificial infinity in mathematics, theology, cosmology, art, and design. The history of the artificial infinite is synthesised into an updated taxonomy of expressions of the artificial infinite which is applied for an analysis of the case studies. The five case studies illustrate varying levels of richness and clarity, where expressions of the artificial infinite are spatially distributed and/or layered, connective and/or isolated (horizontally and/or vertically), and clearly expressed and/or interrupted. This analysis of the artificial infinite in the landscape architecture of Dan Kiley deepens our understanding of his design approach, connects Kiley to a longer and broader history of cultural ideas and expression, leads to a more nuanced understanding of modernist landscape architecture in the USA, broadens our understanding of the expression of infinity in landscape architecture, and demonstrates the applicability of an interpretive technique grounded in aesthetic analysis that could be applied to both art and design.
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Tiengwe, Calvin. "Analysis of the architecture and function of the nuclear DNA replication apparatus in Trypanosoma brucei". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2307/.
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DNA replication is central to the propagation of life and initiates by the designation of genome sequences as origins, where synthesis of a copy of the genetic material begins once per cell division. Despite considerable progress in understanding mitochondrial (kinetoplast) DNA replication in kinetoplastid parasites, little is known about nuclear DNA replication. The mechanism and machinery of DNA replication initiation is well-conserved among characterised eukaryotes. The six protein origin recognition complex (ORC, Orc1-Orc6), Cdc6, and Cdt1 are recruited sequentially to DNA, and once bound, they load the replicative helicase (MCM, a heterohexamer; subunits Mcm2-7) to form a pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) at potential origins of replication. The largest subunit of ORC, Orc1, is related in sequence to Cdc6, indicative of derivation from a common ancestor. Such an ancestral molecule appears still to function in archaea. These prokaryotes lack Cdc6 and possess a protein named Orc1/Cdc6, which appears to provide all ORC functions, since orthologues of Orcs2-6 are absent. In addition to this, archaeal orthologues of Cdt1 have not been clearly described, though potentially related factor, named WhiP (winged helix initiator protein), has been found. Comparative genome analysis of Trypanosoma brucei and related trypanosomatids (Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi) revealed, remarkably, only a single ORC protein that is equally related to eukaryotic Orc1 and Cdc6 (named here TbORC1/CDC6). In addition, no clear homologue of Cdt1 was found. These observations have been interpreted as suggesting that origin designation in trypanosomatids, although eukaryotic, may be archaeal-like, raising numerous mechanistic and evolutionary questions. To test this hypothesis, and to dissect the process of nuclear DNA replication, a number of experiments are described in this thesis. We used RNA interference (RNAi) to demonstrate that knockdown of TbORC1/CDC6 in procyclic form (PCF) T. brucei cells inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis, as revealed by cell cycle analysis and a BrdU incorporation assay. Immunofluorescence and GFP-tagging showed that in procyclic form (PCF) cells TbORC1/CDC6 is a nuclear protein. In PCF cells, based on the evidence gathered, we confirm that TbORC1/CDC6 acts in nuclear DNA synthesis. In contrast, RNAi knockdown of TbORC1/CDC6 in bloodstream form (BSF) T. brucei cells resulted in the rapid accumulation of cells with more than two nuclei and two kinetoplasts, indicating a deregulation of the cell cycle, which is then followed by cell rapid cell death. This RNAi result provides greater evidence that TbORC1/CDC6 provides an essential function in the parasite, since RNAi depletion of TbORC1/CDC6 in PCF cells has a less pronounced effect on growth. Nevertheless, attempts to generate TbORC1/CDC6 null mutants failed in PCF cells, consistent with an essential role in this life cycle stage also. To study the molecular interactors of TbORC1/CDC6, we performed immunoprecipitation analyses. From this, we have identified one protein (gene ID, Tb927.10.13380) that acts as a component of the T. brucei pre-replicative machinery, and suggest that this is a previously unidentified orthologue of Orc4. We also indentified a further protein (gene ID, Tb927.10.7980) that may also act in T. brucei DNA replication, but whose identity and function are unclear. TbORC1/CDC6 appears not to interact directly with the TbMCM helicase (for which orthologues of all subunits can be identified), consistent with previous observations from a number of eukaryotic organisms, and contrary to reports in some archaeal species. MCM subunits in T. brucei form at least one subcomplex (TbMCM2/4/6/7) homologous to that previously observed for human, yeast, Drosophila, Xenopus and mouse MCM proteins. Taken together, these data appears to refute the hypothesis that the DNA replication pre-RC machinery in T. brucei is analogous to archaea. Rather, we propose that TbORC contains at least two components, TbORC1/CDC6 and Tb927.10.13380, more analogous to the eukaryotic model, suggesting that origin designation is not carried out by a single protein. To identify potential replication origin sequences, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation with functional, epitope-tagged TbORC1/CDC6 in PCF cells and, using a high-resolution tiling array (NimbleGen) for T. brucei, we have mapped TbORC1/CDC6 binding sites along all the megabase chromosomes in the genome. Analyses of chromosomes 1-10 showed that 278 binding sites are sparsely located within the core of chromosomes, of which 114 loci (40%) co-localise with probable RNA Polymerase II transcription start sites, perhaps consistent with an origin function. In addition, a further 330 binding sites are present as high density clusters in subtelomeric VSG arrays, and 81 binding sites are associated with sub-telomeric elements, perhaps consistent with a non-origin function. Consistent with these results, RNAi knockdown of TbORC1/CDC6 led to derepression of metacyclic Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) genes, suggesting that TbORC1/CDC6 plays a role in the epigenetic silencing at VSG expression sites in PCF T. brucei. Similar analysis of VSG expression in BSF cells, and of BSF VSGs in PCF cells, was less conclusive, perhaps suggesting differential functions of TbORC1/CDC6 in different life cycle stages or at different VSG expression sites. These analyses shed new light on the architecture and potential function of TbORC1/CDC6 in T. brucei nuclear DNA replication in general, as well as a potential association between replication and antigenic variation in T. brucei.
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Boström, Helene. "Arkitektur & den kollektiva självbilden : En strävan att bevara Malungs kulturhistoriska arv". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229760.
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Det här projektet syftar till att bevara Malungs kulturhistoriska arv. Ett arv som i flera århundraden utgjorts av de skinntraditioner och det hantverk som karaktäriserat orten, och som lärts ut från generation till generation. Det arv som legat till grund för att människor från första början kunnat bosätta sig på platsen, och som gjort att Malung kunnat växa sig till det samhälle det är idag. Det arv som Malungsbor i flera generationer har identifierat sig med men som nu riskerar att glömmas bort. I ett försök att ta med kunskaperna & traditionerna kring hantverket in i framtiden har jag skapat rum där dessa tillåts leva vidare, samtidigt som jag har försökt att tillgodose Malungs nuvarande behov. På platsen där min föreslagna byggnad är placerad har tidigare Malungs största & mest betydelsefulla garveri varit beläget. Garveriet har setts som en viktig byggnad som länge representerat Malung och som Malungsborna själva sett som en del av sin identitet och självbild. I juli 2014 brann dessvärre den gamla byggnaden ned och en del av Malungs kollektiva självbild förlorades med den.This project aims to preserve Malungs cultural heritage. A heritage of leather craftsmanship which has defined the area in centuries and has been a big part of the local identity. A heritage which today risk to be forgotten. In an attempt to bring the knowledge & traditions around the leathercraft in to the future I have created spaces where it allows to live on. I have also aimed to answer to Malungs contemporary needs. The proposal is located on a site where a factory building, who for a long time characterized Malung and were an important part of the area’s identity, earlier were situated. Due to a fire in 2014 the building burnt down and a part of the cultural identity got lost with it.
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Knauff, Kristina. "Den klassicistiska vändningen i det tidiga 1900-talets svenska arkitektur : En studie av Liljevalchs konsthall, Kungstornen och Kanslihuset i Stockholm". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Arkitekturens historia och teori, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93540.
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The starting point of the thesis consists of a number of statements by prominent representatives of the cultural elite characterising architecture with references to classicism as the modern architecture. In the following years Swedish architecture was dominated by references to classical historical architecture focussing on the ideal of simplicity, which in turn formed a wider conceptual framework of ideas and ideals for architectural creation. The simple reason why the classical historical architecture became something of a role model was that it represented all these new ideals. The main purpose of the thesis is to study how architects made use of the more prominent ideals in the new conceptual framework. A secondary purpose is to describe and analyse the three chosen buildings in detail. A third purpose is to situate these buildings into the broader national context. The buildings under study are Liljevalchs konsthall (Liljevalchs Art Gallery), Kanslihuset (The Government Offices) and Kungstornen (The Towers). They were built at different times between 1910 and 1930. Each building has an obvious connection between the building program and the social changes of the time. In the first chapter the contemporary conceptual framework is presented based on examples from the architectural debate. The most important parts were the opposition to the traditional ideals in combination with the formulating of new ones like simplicity, unity and clarity as well as an orientation towards the historical national architecture and an open attitude towards new techniques. Central to the usage of the basic of elements of the historical architecture was transformation rather than imitation. The common view meant that role models and basic creational elements of the past were regarded as opportunities for new developments. The three following chapters examine the buildings under study. The buildings and their planning processes are described and the application of the historical references and their relations to historical buildings in the environment are analysed in detail. The buildings are further discussed in relation to the broader social trends of the time. The Art Gallery is discussed in view of its connections to the contemporary industrial architecture due to the industrialisation. The analysis of the Government Offices situates the practical and symbolic aspects of the building in the contemporary struggle between the monarchy and the old civil service and the newly established parliamentary democracy. The Towers are discussed in relation to the contemporary discussion of skyscrapers in Europe and in relation to the beginning of commercialism and popular culture.QC 20120424
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Zigler, David Francis. "Synthesis and Study of Polyazine Bridged Mixed Metal Dyads: Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Photochemical Properties of a New Supramolecular Architecture". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29453.
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A series mixed metal supramolecular complexes were synthesized and studied by electrochemistry, photophysics and photochemistry. The complexes consisted of a single RuII or OsII polyazine light absorber bound to a cis-RhIIICl2 moiety through a polyazine bridging ligand. A related class of supramolecule is known to perform photoinitiated electron collection, photocatalysis of hydrogen from water, DNA photomodification and is known to kill mammalian cells; all with visible light irradiation. The complexes studied herein, [(bpy)2Ru(bpm)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3, [(bpy)2Ru(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3, [(bpy)2Os(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3, and [(tpy)OsCl(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)2 were synthesized in moderate yields (54-84%) by reaction of the appropriate monometallic visible light absorbing subunit with a slight excess of K[(phen)RhCl4]â ¢3H2O (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine, 1,10-phenanthroline, dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine, and tpy = 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine). Voltammetric analysis of [(bpy)2Ru(bpm)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3 revealed a reversible oxidation at 1.76 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) (RuIII/II). A reversible reduction at â 0.14 V (bpm0/-), and quasi-reversible reductions at â 0.77 V and â 0.91 V each corresponded to a one electron process, bpm0/â , RhIII/II and RhII/I. The electrochemistry of [(bpy)2Ru(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3 showed a reversible oxidation at 1.61 V (RuIII/II), and quasi-reversible reductions at â 0.39 V, â 0.74 V and â 0.98 V. The first two reductive couples corresponded to two electrons, consistent with Rh reduction. [(bpy)2Os(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3, and [(tpy)OsCl(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)2 each exhibited reductions similar to the dpp bridged Ru,Rh dyad, but with OsIII/II based oxidations at 1.24 V and 0.83 V, respectively. The complexes [(bpy)2Ru(bpm)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3 and [{(bpy)2Ru(bpm)}2RhCl2](PF6)5 display Ru(dπ)â bpm(π*) CT (MLCT) transitions at 581 nm and at 594 nm, respectively. The dpp bridged Ru,Rh bimetallic and Ru,Rh,Ru trimetallic display Ru(dπ)â dpp(π*) CT transitions at 509 nm and 518 nm, respectively. Similarly, [(bpy)2Os(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3 absorbs strongly at 520 nm versus 534 nm for [{(bpy)2Os(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)5, both with low energy tails at 800 nm indicative of Os centered MLCT transitions. Overlapping Os(dπ)â dpp(π*) and Os(dπ)â tpy(π*) transitions occur at 536 nm with low energy tails at 856 nm for both [(tpy)OsCl(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)2 and [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)3. Emission from [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}RhCl2](PF6)5 and [(bpy)2Ru(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3 at room temperature and 77 K was red shifted and less intense than emission from [(bpy)2Ru(dpp)Ru(bpy)2](PF6)4, consistent with quenched emission from a Ru(dπ)â dpp(π*) 3MLCT state. Transient absorption spectroscopy supported assignment of the emissive state as Ru(dπ)â dpp(π*) CT in nature. The complexes [(bpy)Ru(dpp)RhCl2(phen)](PF6)3 (τ =18 ns) and [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)5 (τ = 16 ns) each exhibit shorter lived 3MLCT states than the Ru,Ru dyad (τ = 125 ns) in acetonitrile consistent with favorable electron transfer to Rh(III) to generate a metal to metal charge transfer (3MMCT) state. The photochemistry of [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl5, [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}2RhCl2]Cl3, [(bpy)2Ru(dpp)RhCl2(phen)]Cl3, and [(tpy)OsCl(dpp)RhCl2(phen)]Cl2 with DNA was investigated using gel electrophoresis and selective precipitation of a DNA/metal complex adduct. An array of high intensity LEDs was designed, constructed and validated to accommodate these high throughput photochemical experiments with DNA. Each of the metal complexes is suggested to undergo photobinding with DNA as well as to photocleave DNA. A 3MMCT state or a thermally accessible Rh centered 3LF state each are proposed as leading to photobinding, while a 3MMCT state is thought to be involved in DNA photocleavage.Ph. D.
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Zofkova, Magdalena. "Evolutionary dynamics in ephemeral pools : inferences from genetic architecture of large branchiopods". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0048.
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[Truncated abstract] I have evaluated the effects of different types of ephemeral pools on the evolutionary dynamics of two large branchiopods in Australia, the clam shrimp Lynceus and the fairy shrimp Branchinella longirostris. Both shrimps are passive dispersers, relying on their sexually produced resting eggs for continuity of populations in time and space, although their actual dispersal ability remains speculative. The two currently recognised species of the genus Lynceus (L. tatei and L. macleyanus) are widespread across Australia, and they occupy a wide range of ephemeral fresh water habitats, while the fairy shrimp Branchinella longirostris is endemic to rock pools on granite outcrops in south-western Australia. Samples of populations were collected from a total of 96 ephemeral pools at 80 locations in New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia . . . This highlighted the contrast between the two species and their microhabitats, and implied that these microhabitats offered different opportunities for dispersal. These were identified as frequent disturbances of the clam shrimp’s egg-banks due to ‘wash-out’ effects during heavy rains and animal and human vectors attracted by the water stored in the deep pools. My comparative study shows that the difference in evolutionary dynamics observed between the two species was a consequence of their environmental interactions rather than of the microhabitats themselves. Similar to patterns detected in other passive dispersers with disjunct population distribution, evolutionary dynamics in Lynceus and B. longirostris seem to be a result of complex interactions among gene flow, population histories and ecology of their habitat. The results contribute to the emerging evidence that branchiopod crustaceans are poor dispersers and highlight the importance of local context in determining evolutionary processes within species.
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Hintzen-Bohlen, Brigitte. "Herrscherrepräsentation im Hellenismus : Untersuchungen zu Weihgeschenken, Stiftungen und Ehrenmonumenten in den mutterländischen Heiligtümern Delphi, Olympia, Delos und Dodona /". Köln : Böhlau, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39170806h.
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Weiler, Gabriele. "Domos theiou basileos : Herrschaftsformen und Herrschaftsarchitektur in den Siedlungen der Dark Ages /". München ; Leipzig : Saur, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389058682.
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Beckman, Per. "Umeå Moské : En ny moské i Umeå som en del av den nya översiktsplanen för stadsdelen Ön". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34739.
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Almeida, Rafael Goffinet de. "Arte, Arquitetura e Cidade nas investigações de Dan Graham". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102132/tde-13102016-115116/.
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Este estudo buscou analisar a produção do artista norte-americano Dan Graham, enfocando a estreita relação que manteve com a arquitetura e a cidade ao longo de sua trajetória. Realizada em meios e suportes bastante diversiicados, a produção deste artista é bastante representativa do desenvolvimento da arte contemporânea a partir da década de 1960, marcado pela superação de códigos artísticos que culminaram com o rompimento dos limites ísicos dos museus e galerias. Através de intervenções em revistas, de suas performances e instalações, de seus recentes pavilhões de aço e vidro e de uma extensa produção de textos, Graham mobilizou conteúdos distintos provindos de campos como os da psicologia, do cinema e também da arquitetura para investigar a condição da arte, da cultura e das espacialidades na sociedade contemporânea. Por meio da justaposição entre suas obras e seus textos, onde lida mais explicitamente com questões exteriores à arte, torna-se possível identiicar a articulação entre a prática e o pensamento do artista, percorrendo de maneira mais aprofundada suas relexões sobre as estruturas sociais ou culturais operantes em contextos espaciais especíicos, seja dentro da galeria ou fora dela. Ao inal, espera-se que a síntese dessas questões permitam revelar os novos olhares construídos por Dan Graham sobre o campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, a partir de questionamentos que lhe são exteriores e que apresentam natureza distinta: suas propostas estéticas indagam as formas de produção da cidade contemporânea, sobretudo em relação à natureza cultural e social de seus espaços.This study investigates the production of the American artist Dan Graham, focusing on the close relationship he mantained with the architecture and the city throughout his carrer. Held in very diverse mean and supports, the production of this artist is quite representative of the contemporary art development from the 1960s, marked by overcoming artistic codes that culminated in the disruption of physical boundaries behind museums and galleries. Through the interventons in magazines, performances and installations, his recent steel and glass pavilion and the extensive production of texts, Graham mobilized different contents stemmed from ields such as psychology, cinema and also the architecture to investigate the condition of art, culture and spatiality in contemporary society. By the juxtaposition of his works and his writings, which most explicity the deals with external issues to the art, it is possible to identify the articulation of Graham´s practice and thought, observing more deeply his relections on the social and cultural structures operating in speciic spatial contexts, either inside the art gallery or outside of it. At the end, it is expected that the synthesis of these isseus allow us to reveal the new perspectives built by Dan Graham on the ield of Architecture and Urbanism, pointing questions from a external and different nature: his aesthetical proposals inquire the contemporary city forms of production,especially in relation to cultural and social nature of their spaces.