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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „DNA hybrides”

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Data publikacji: 25 maja 2024

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1

Levy, A. V., i A. S. Ageeva. "Production of male fertile interspecific hybrides between cultivated potatoes and valuable for breeding allotetraploid species Solanum stoloniferum". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 64, nr 2 (18.05.2019): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2019-64-2-202-209.

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The germplasm of valuable for breeding wild allotetraploid potato species Solanum stoloniferumis rarely used because of pre- and postzygotic reproductive barriers with cultivated potatoes. One of the factors that complicate crosses between S. stoloniferum and S. tuberosumis unilateral incompatibility (UI).Here, we present the results of application of original SvSv-lines for overcoming UI in crosses with S. stoloniferum and of generating male fertile hybrids derived from this species. SvSv-lines are F2 S. tuberosum dihaploid× S. verrucosum that are male fertile and have D/γ-type cytoplasm. Since they are hybrids on homozygous for Svgene from S. verrucosum, they do not form SvSv-lines and have the same ability for elimination of prezygotic incompatibility as this species.As a result of pollination seven SvSv-lines were pollinated by 26 accessions of S. stoloniferum and a lot of hybrid seeds have been produced.In spite of low percentage of germination (1.9 %), formed 40 seedlings of interspecific hybrids. The experiment on hybridization between SvSv-lines and S. stoloniferum has been reproduced with the accession PI205522 of the wild species, which had DNA markers of PVY and LB resistance genes and “sterile” type cytoplasm W/γ: 950 hybrid seeds and 12 viable seedlings were produced. The genome of the seedlings was doubled by colchicine treatment, which generated hexaploids (F1) that formed highly fertile pollen and set seeds from self-pollination. We were able to cross them as females with the variety Katahdin. Produced pentaploid hybrids (BC1) were readily backcrossed by potato variety Quarta. Seedlings of BC2 were then backcrossed by potato varieties as female and, some of them, as male parents. The substantial part of F1, BC1 and BC2 plants of interspecific hybrids were male fertile (produced a lot functionally fertile pollen).

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Stack, Colin, Subbana Easwaramoorthy, Usha Metha, Martin Downes, Christine Griffin i Ann Burnell. "Molecular characterisation of Heterorhabditis indica isolates from India, Kenya, Indonesia and Cuba". Nematology 2, nr 5 (2000): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509321.

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Abstract Isolates of Heterorhabditis were identified as H. indica using the following molecular diagnostic features: hybridisation to a H. indica specific satellite DNA probe; AluI and MboI restriction profiles of the rDNA ITS PCR product and the AluI profile of the rDNA IGS PCR product. The Kenyan isolates represent a distinct subgroup of H. indica. These isolates lacked one of the two HinfI restriction sites which are present in the rDNA ITS product of all the other isolates tested and they also differed from other H. indica isolates in their rDNA IGS HaeIII restriction profile. The Indian isolates are interfertile. The Kenyan isolates are interfertile but only one Kenyan isolate, Ki3, produced viable progeny when crossed with H. indica LN2. The four Indonesian isolates are interfertile, but only one Indonesian isolate (INA H1) produced viable hybrids when crossed with H. indica LN2. INA H1 was also interfertile with the Kenyan isolate Ki3. Caractérisation moléculaire d'isolats d'Heterorhabditis indica provenant d'Inde, du Kenya, d'Indonésie et de Cuba - Des isolats d'Heterorhabditis ont été identifiés comme H. indica par l'utilisation des techniques de caractérisation moléculaire suivantes: hybridation avec une sonde spécifique du DNA satellite de H. indica, produits des profils de restriction par PCR de l'ITS du rDNA par AluI et MboI et produit de PCR de l'IGS du rDNA par AluI. Les isolats keniyans constituent un sous-groupe distinct d'H. indica. Un des deux sites de restriction de HinfI, présent dans les produits de l'ITS du rDNA de tous les autres isolats étudiés, est absent dans ces isolats qui différaient également dans leurs profils de restriction de l'IGS du rDNA par HaeIII. Les isolats d'Inde sont interfertiles. Les isolats kenyans sont inter-fertiles mais un seul de ces isolats, Ki3, a produit une descendance viable après croisement avec H. indica LN2. Les quatre isolats indonésiens sont interfertiles, mais un seul d'entre eux (INA H1) a produit des hybrides viables après croisement avec H. indica LN2. INA H1 a été également interfertile avec l'isolat kenyan Ki3.

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Kondratskaya, I. P., A. N. Yukhimuk, V. A. Stolepchenko, O. V. Chizhik, Z. G. Kozlovskaya, P. P. Vasko i V. N. Reshetnikov. "The creating of intergenetic hybrids of festulolium of Festuca arundinacea morphotipe with the use of post-genomic technologies and DNA-marking". Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 25 (30.08.2019): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v25.1172.

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Aim. To form the varietal population of festulolium intergeneric hybrids of Festuca arundinacea morphotype. To carry out DNA-labeling of created festulolium hybrid plants and parental forms. Methods. The festulolium intergeneric hybrid’s creation was carried out by embryo culture method from an immature caryopsis by growing on a nutrient medium. For the plant genotypes labeling the multilocus primers associated with coding DNA regions (Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Polymorphism), SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) have been selected. Results. The viable plants of intergeneric festulolium hybrids of Festuca arundinacea morphotype have been obtained. To select the best festulolium biotypes for variety populations with high feed and seed productivity formation. A system for hybrid plants genotypes and their parental forms registration in the form of molecular genetic passports have been elaborated. The genetic passports reflects the allele’s composition in loci associated with DNA coding sequences. Conclusions. The best biotypes with economically valuable traits were selected and included in the further selection process. The molecular genetic passports of hybrid festulolium plants and parental forms were composed. Keywords: festulolium, immature caryopsis, biotypes, DNA, PCR, molecular genetic passports.

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4

Petit, Thierry. "Monstres sauvages ou hybrides psychopompes ?" Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 43/1, nr 1 (2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dha.431.0013.

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Miller, D. Gary. "The Morphological Legacy of French". Diachronica 14, nr 2 (1.01.1997): 233–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.14.2.03mil.

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SUMMARY A reexamination of a small portion of the morphological evidence reveals that there were no fewer than 100 hybrid derivatives (of the type French suffix on native base) prior to 1450 and at least 64 before 1400. Given that most of the texts are literary, those are fairly high numbers. Moreover, the more banal the hybrid, the more likely it was to be allowed to occur in literary texts. Not surprisingly, glossaries and other non-literary texts are rich in hybrids, implying that the application of French suffixes to non-French roots was not uncommon in colloquial ME. Bilingual selection initially yielded a treasury of diverse caiques and lexemes, but code-switching normally precluded hybrid formation. The reassertion of English was facilitated by greater convergence. Monolingual speakers of this contact language could not distinguish nativized French words from English, permitting overlapping domains and morphological transfer. RÉSUMÉ Un reexamen d'une partie limitee des evidences morphologiques revele qu'il n'y eut pas moins d'une centaine de derives hybrides (du type où un suffixe frangais se joint a une racine anglaise) anterieurs a 1450 et au moins 64 avant 1400. Etant donne que la plupart des attestations viennent de textes litteraires, ces chiffres correspondent a un taux assez eleve. D'ailleurs, plus Thybride etait banal, plus il etait apte a figurer dans des textes litteraires. On constate sans etonnement que les glossaires et les autres textes non-litteraires abondent en formations hybrides, ce qui implique que la jonction des suffixes frangais avec des racines anglaises ne fut pas rare en moyen-anglais popu-late. Au debut ce fut la selection bilingue qui produisit un tresor de lexemes divers et de caiques, tout en evitant des formations hybrides lesquelles, de toute maniere, ne sont pas typiques lorsqu'il y a alternance codique. C'est la convergence linguistique qui a ensuite facilite la resurgence de 1'anglais. Les locuteurs unilingues de cette langue de contact ne surent pas distinguer les formations frangaises naturalisees des formations anglaises, permettant ainsi le chevauchement des domaines et, par la, des transferts morphologiques. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Eine frische Untersuchung eines kleinen Teilbereiches der morpholo-gischen Daten des Mittelenglischen zeigt, da6 vor 1450 nicht weniger als 100 Hybridisierungen existierten; vor 1400 lassen sich mindestens 64 belegen. Benicksichtigt man, daß die zugrundeliegenden Texte uberwiegend litera-risch sind, so sind diese Zahlen durchaus hoch. Daruberhinaus laBt sich beobachten, daB die Mischformen umso eher in literarischen Texten EinlaB fan-den, je banaler sie waren. Es uberrascht also nicht, daB Glossare und andere nichtliterarische Texte reichhaltig an Mischformen sind, was darauf schlieBen laBt, daB die Anheftung franzosischer Suffixe an nichtfranzosische Stamme im umgangssprachlichen Mittelenglisch nicht unublich war. Anfangs produ-zierte zweisprachige Selektion einen Reichtum von verschiedenen Lexemen und Lehniibersetzungen, Kodewechsel aber schloB typischerweise Hybridi-sierungen aus. Konvergenz erleichterte dann die Wiedererstarkung des Engli-schen. Einsprachige Sprecher dieser Kontaktsprache waren nicht in der Lage, vereinheimischte franzosische Worter von englischen auseinanderzuhalten, was Uberlagerungen und morphologischen Transfer erlaubte.

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6

Belotserkovskii, Boris P., Gurucharan Reddy i David A. Zarling. "DNA Hybrids Stabilized by Heterologies†". Biochemistry 38, nr 33 (sierpień 1999): 10785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi990699p.

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PIÉRARD, LAURENT, LIDA GARCÍA QUINTANA, MITCHELL E. REFF i ALEX BOLLEN. "Production in Eukaryotic Cells and Characterization of Four Hybrids of Tissue-Type and Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activators". DNA 8, nr 5 (czerwiec 1989): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.1.1989.8.321.

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Paull, Tanya T. "RNA–DNA hybrids and the convergence with DNA repair". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 54, nr 4 (4.07.2019): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2019.1670131.

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Wittung, Pemilla, Seog K. Kim, Ole Buchardt, Peter Nielsen i Bengt Norden. "Interactions of DNA binding ligands with PNA-DNA hybrids". Nucleic Acids Research 22, nr 24 (1994): 5371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.24.5371.

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Kreike, C. M., J. R. A. de Koning i F. A. Krens. "Non-radioactive detection of single-copy DNA-DNA hybrids". Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 8, nr 3 (sierpień 1990): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02669513.

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Cooper, Camilla G. "From preparing for war to protecting the peace – legal hurdles for effectively dealing with hybrid threats in NATO1". Military Law and the Law of War Review 59, nr 2 (20.01.2022): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2021.02.01.

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Contemporary challenges to defence and security are increasingly originating from a combination of non-military and military threats, intentionally operating in the grey zone below the threshold of an armed conflict. These threats are commonly referred to as hybrid, and include amongst others cyberattacks, foreign interference with national elections, sabotage and lawfare. This article seeks to set out some of the main legal challenges hybrid threats pose to NATO as an effective defence and security alliance and how both NATO and its Member States need to adapt to deal with such threats. After outlining what is meant by hybrid threats and the approach NATO has taken to these, the article discusses legal challenges related to information gathering and intelligence sharing, the need for vulnerabilities analysis in order to enhance resilience, and the importance of providing a clear framework for military forces deployed to deter both hybrid and conventional threats. The article concludes that in order to effectively protect a State from hybrid threats, States must build resilience in the society in general, reviewing and revising national legislation and making its citizens and officials more aware of their role in protecting their State and society. The role of NATO is therefore expanding, from preparing for war to supporting States in defending their peace. Les défis de notre époque en matière de défense et de sécurité sont, dans une mesure croissante, dus à une combinaison de menaces militaires et non militaires, se situant intentionnellement à la limite du conflit armé. Ces menaces sont communément qualifiées d’hybrides, et incluent entre autres les cyber-attaques, les ingérences étrangères avec les élections nationales, le sabotage et la guerre juridique. Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière les principaux défis juridiques que les menaces hybrides posent à l’OTAN, en sa qualité d’alliance efficace dans les domaines de la défense et de la sécurité, et à expliquer comment l’OTAN et ses États membres doivent s’adapter pour faire face à ces menaces. Après avoir défini les menaces hybrides et l’approche adoptée par l’OTAN pour y répondre, l’article aborde les défis juridiques liés à la collecte d’informations et au partage de renseignements, le besoin d’analyser les vulnérabilités afin d’augmenter la résilience, et l’importance de fournir un cadre clair aux forces armées déployées afin de prévenir les menaces, tant hybrides que conventionnelles. L’article conclut que pour protéger efficacement un État contre les menaces hybrides, les États doivent augmenter la résilience dans la société en général, en révisant la législation nationale et en sensibilisant les citoyens et les responsables au rôle qu’ils jouent dans la protection de leur État et de la société. L’OTAN joue dès lors un rôle de plus en plus important, qui consiste non seulement à préparer à la guerre mais aussi à aider les États à maintenir la paix. Hedendaagse uitdagingen voor defensie en veiligheid vloeien in toenemende mate voort uit een combinatie van niet-militaire en militaire dreigingen, die met opzet opereren in de grijze zone onder de drempel van een gewapend conflict. Deze dreigingen worden gewoonlijk hybride genoemd en omvatten onder meer cyberaanvallen, buitenlandse inmenging in nationale verkiezingen, sabotage en lawfare. Dit artikel wil enkele van de belangrijkste juridische uitdagingen uiteenzetten die hybride dreigingen vormen voor de NAVO als een doeltreffende defensie- en veiligheidsalliantie en hoe zowel de NAVO als haar lidstaten zich moeten aanpassen om dergelijke dreigingen aan te pakken. Na kort te schetsen wat wordt verstaan onder hybride dreigingen en de aanpak die de NAVO daarbij heeft gevolgd, bespreekt het artikel de juridische uitdagingen met betrekking tot het verzamelen van informatie en het delen van inlichtingen, de noodzaak van kwetsbaarheidsanalyse om de veerkracht te vergroten en het belang van een duidelijk kader voor strijdkrachten die worden ingezet tegen zowel hybride als conventionele dreigingen. Het artikel besluit dat om een staat doeltreffend te beschermen tegen hybride dreigingen, staten veerkracht moeten opbouwen in de samenleving in het algemeen, door de nationale wetgeving te herzien en hun burgers en functionarissen bewuster te maken van hun rol in het beschermen van hun staat en samenleving. De rol van de NAVO breidt zich dan ook uit, van het voorbereiden op oorlog tot het ondersteunen van staten bij het verdedigen van hun vrede. Le attuali sfide alla difesa e alla sicurezza sono sempre più originate da una combinazione di minacce militari e non, che operano intenzionalmente nella zona grigia sotto la soglia di un conflitto armato. Queste minacce sono comunemente definite ibride e includono attacchi informatici, interferenze straniere con le elezioni nazionali, sabotaggio e lawfare. Questo articolo mira a far chiarezza su alcune delle principali sfide legali che le minacce ibride pongono alla NATO in quanto efficace alleanza di difesa e sicurezza e come sia la NATO che i suoi Stati membri debbano adattarsi per affrontare tali minacce. Dopo aver delineato il concetto di minacce ibride e l’approccio scelto della NATO per affrontarle, l’articolo discute le sfide legali legate alla raccolta di informazioni e alla condivisione dell'intelligence, la necessità di un'analisi delle vulnerabilità per migliorare la resilienza e l'importanza di fornire un framework chiaro per le forze militari schierate per scoraggiare le minacce sia ibride che convenzionali. L'articolo conclude che per proteggere efficacemente uno Stato dalle minacce ibride, gli Stati devono costruire la resilienza della società in generale, facendo il punto e rivedendo la legislazione nazionale e rendendo i suoi cittadini e funzionari più consapevoli del loro ruolo nella protezione del loro Stato e della società. Il ruolo della NATO si sta quindi espandendo, dalla preparazione alla guerra al sostegno degli Stati nella difesa della pace. Los desafíos contemporáneos a la defensa y la seguridad se originan cada vez más a partir de una combinación de amenazas militares y no militares, que operan intencionalmente en la zona gris por debajo del umbral de un conflicto armado. Estas amenazas se conocen comúnmente como híbridas e incluyen, entre otros, ciberataques, interferencia extranjera en las elecciones nacionales, sabotaje y guerra jurídica. Este artículo busca establecer algunos de los principales desafíos legales que las amenazas híbridas plantean a la OTAN como una alianza de defensa y seguridad eficaz y cómo tanto la OTAN como sus Estados miembros deben adaptarse para hacer frente a tales amenazas. Después de esbozar lo que se entiende por amenazas híbridas y el enfoque que la OTAN ha adoptado ante estas estas, el artículo analiza los desafíos legales relacionados con la recopilación de información y el intercambio de inteligencia, la necesidad de análisis de vulnerabilidades para mejorar la resiliencia y la importancia de proporcionar un marco claro para Fuerzas militares desplegadas a fin de disuadir tanto las amenazas híbridas como las convencionales. El artículo concluye argumentando que para proteger eficazmente a los Estados de las amenazas híbridas, estos deben fortalecer la resiliencia de la sociedad en general, revisando y actualizando la legislación nacional y haciendo que sus ciudadanos y los servidores públicos sean más conscientes de su papel en la protección del Estado y la sociedad. Por esta razón, el papel de la OTAN se está expandiendo desde la preparación para la guerra hasta el apoyo a los Estados en la defensa de su paz. Gegenwärtige Herausforderungen für die Verteidigung und Sicherheit gehen immer mehr von einer Kombination nichtmilitärischer und militärischer Drohungen aus, die absichtlich in der Grauzone unter der Schwelle eines bewaffneten Konfliktes auftreten. Diese Drohungen werden meistens als hybride Drohungen bezeichnet und umfassen unter anderem Cyberangriffe, ausländische Einmischung in nationale Wahlen, Sabotage und “Lawfare”. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einige der wichtigsten juristischen Herausforderungen der hybriden Drohungen für die NATO als zweckmäßiges Verteidigungs- und Sicherheitsbündnis darzustellen, und zu erklären wie sich sowohl die NATO als ihre Mitgliedstaaten anpassen sollen, um solchen Drohungen zu begegnen. Zuerst wird beschrieben, was mit hybriden Drohungen gemeint ist und wird das Vorgehen der NATO dagegen knapp dargestellt. Danach erörtert der Artikel juristische Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die Informationsgewinnung und den Informationsaustausch, die Notwendigkeit einer Verletzlichkeitsanalyse zur Verbesserung der Resilienz sowie die wichtige Maßnahme, die darin besteht, den für die Abwehr sowohl hybrider als konventioneller Drohungen eingesetzten Streitkräften einen klaren Rahmen zu bieten. Der Artikel zieht den Schluss, dass Staaten im Hinblick auf den zweckmäßigen Schutz eines Staates gegen hybride Drohungen Resilienz in der Gesellschaft im Allgemeinen entwickeln müssen, indem die nationale Gesetzgebung überarbeitet wird und die Staatsbürger und Amtsinhaber für ihre Rolle beim Schutz ihres Staates und ihrer Gesellschaft sensibilisiert werden. Deswegen erweitert sich die Rolle der NATO, von der Vorbereitung für den Krieg zur Unterstützung von Staaten bei der Friedenssicherung.

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Toyofuku, Reona, Shusuke Ohura, Masahiro Ito, Yoshikazu Homma i Kazuo Umemura. "Interactions of Secondary DNA and Initial DNA on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Surfaces Studied by Photoluminescence, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Electrophoresis". Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (11.04.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2875439.

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We examined the interactions of initial single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and secondary ssDNA molecules on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Thymine 30-mers (T30) and 30-mers from a partial sequence of φx174 DNA (φ30) were used to prepare the DNA-SWNT hybrids. First, the hybrids were annealed at various temperatures without secondary DNA to evaluate the stability of the hybrids. As a result, aggregates of SWNTs were formed in the T30-SWNT hybrids, even at 54°C, although the φ30-SWNT hybrids were stable up to 84°C. Second, we added secondary DNA molecules during the annealing procedure. We reacted adenine 30-mers (A30) with the T30-SWNT hybrids and characterized the samples by combining agarose gel electrophoresis with/without ethidium bromide and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Cross-links appeared to form among the SWNTs because of nonspecific hybridization of T30 and A30. PL measurements revealed clear shifts in the PL emission wavelength of SWNTs. However, when complementary φ30 DNA (cφ30) was reacted with φ30-SWNT hybrids, there was no significant difference in the PL spectra after the reaction, although electrophoresis suggested the hybridization of the cφ30 and φ30 DNA molecules. Our results suggest that the hybridization manner of DNA molecules with unnatural sequences greatly differs from that of natural DNA molecules.

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Yang, Xuan, Binyuan Zhai, Shunxin Wang, Xiangfei Kong, Yingjin Tan, Lin Liu, Xiao Yang, Taicong Tan, Shuxian Zhang i Liangran Zhang. "RNA-DNA hybrids regulate meiotic recombination". Cell Reports 37, nr 10 (grudzień 2021): 110097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110097.

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Kamath-Loeb, Ashwini S., Amnon Hizi, John Tabone, Marjorie S. Solomon i Lawrence A. Loeb. "Inefficient Repair of RNA . DNA Hybrids". European Journal of Biochemistry 250, nr 2 (grudzień 1997): 492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.0492a.x.

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Waldron, Denise. "RNA–DNA hybrids: double-edged swords". Nature Reviews Genetics 18, nr 1 (21.11.2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2016.153.

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Hall, Kathleen B. "NMR spectroscopy of DNA/RNA hybrids". Current Opinion in Structural Biology 3, nr 3 (czerwiec 1993): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(05)80103-4.

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Manohar, Suresh, Tian Tang i Anand Jagota. "Structure of Homopolymer DNA−CNT Hybrids†". Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, nr 48 (grudzień 2007): 17835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp071316x.

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Rabe, Kersten S., i Christof M. Niemeyer. "Hybride aus DNA, Proteinen und Kolloiden". Nachrichten aus der Chemie 59, nr 2 (luty 2011): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.201176781.

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Soliman, K., G. Fedak i R. W. Allard. "Inheritance of organelle DNA in barley and Hordeum × Secale intergeneric hybrids". Genome 29, nr 6 (1.12.1987): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-148.

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Four reciprocal hybrids of Hordeum vulgare (deficiens type) and seven nonreciprocal hybrids resulting from controlled pollination between two Hordeum and three Secale species were assayed for variation in their organelle DNA. The chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs of these hybrids were distinct. Genetic variability exists within species of the genus Hordeum with organelle transmission being strictly maternal. On the other hand, biparental inheritance was obtained in the intergeneric hybrids involving Hordeum and Secale. There was selective transmission of Secale bands and the number of gene copies transmitted through the pollen was under genetic control. No recombination occurred between the two parental genomes. Key words: DNA, organelle, intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum Secale.

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NURYANI, YANG, OTIH ROSTIANA i CHEPPY SYUKUR. "PENETAPAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK NILAM (Pogostemon sp.) HASIL FUSI PROTOPLAS DENGAN TEKNIK RAPD". Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, nr 2 (15.07.2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.39-44.

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<p>Keragaman genetik dan kckerabatan tanaman nilam hasil fusi protoplas antara Nilam Jawa (Girilaya) dan Nilam Aceh (Sidikalang dan TT 75) dianalisis dengan menggunakan penanda RAPD. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 9 genotipa yang tcrdiri dari 3 tetua dan 6 tanaman hibrida somatik (9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 dan 9 II 10). Primer yang digunakan dalam analisis tcrdiri atas 5 primer acak yaitu OPD 03, OPD 20, OPH 09, OPH 19 dan Abi 117.17. DNA dickstraksi dengan metode OROZCO-CASTJLLO et al. (1994) yang sudah dimodifikasi. Konsentrasi DNA ditetapkan dengan metode sambrook el al. (1989) dengan pcrbandingan kuantifikasi spektrofotometrik. Koefisien kemiripan dan kckerabatan antar genotipa dianalisis dengan menggunakan program NTsys ver. 1.80 dan UPGMA untuk menentukan sidik gerombol dan dendogram. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koefisien kemiipan dari amplifikasi DNA dengan 5 primer acak dari ke- 9 genotipa berkisar antara 0.48-1.0. Berdasarkan niatrik jarak genetik, kescmbilan genotipa tanaman yang diuji membentuk 2 kelompok besar yaitu kelompok I, tetua Girilaya (Nilam Jawa) dan kelompok II tcrdiri dari tetua Sidikalang dan TT 75 (Nilam Aceh) serta hibrida somatik. Kelompok II, tcrbagi menjadi dua sub kelompok yaitu sub kelompok I (9 II 33 dan 9 II 7) dan sub kelompok II yang tcrdii dari sub-sub kelompok II-I (9 II 21, S, TT 75) dan sub-sub kelompok II-II (2 IV 8, 9 IV 14, 9 II 10).</p><p>Kata kunci: Pogostemon sp., fusi protoplas, keragaman genetik, RAPD</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACTS </strong></p><p><strong>Assessment of genetic variability of patchoulli (Pogostemon sp.,) derived from protoplast fussion using RAPD </strong></p><p>Somatic hybrids of Pogostemon heyneaneus (cv. Girilaya) X P. cablin (cv. Sidikalang and TT 75) were tested for their genetic variability and relationship. The somatic hybrids tested were 9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 and 9 II 10. DNA of the plant materials used were extracted by using the modified method of orozcocastulo et al. (1994) and quantified spectrophotometrically according to SAMBROOK el al. (1989). Five random primers, OPD 03. OPD 20, OPH 09. OPH 19 and Abi 117.17, were applied to amplify the extracted DNA. The genetic relationship among the somatic hybrids were estimated by using the index of similarity to perform genctical matrix and dendogram. Index of similarity among genotypes were calculated by using NTsys ver. 1.80 program. Then, cluster analyses to perform dendogram were achieved based on similarity estimates by using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). Results showed that index of similarities of the amplified DNA from 5 random primers ranged from 0.48 to 1.0. The somatic hybrids and their parental plants subjected to RAPD analyses were classified into 2 major groups, first, the parental group of Java patchouli and second, others parental plants, Aceh patchouli (Sidikalang and TT 75), and the somatic hybrids. The second group was then classified into 2 minor groups. First group consisted of somatic hybrids nos. 9 II 33 and 9 II 7, while the second were classified into 2 groups which consisted nos. 9 II 21, S, TT 75 and nos. 2 IV 8, 9 IV 14 and 9 II 10.</p><p>Key words : Pogostemon sp., protoplast fusion, genetic variability, RAPD</p>

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KAPER, Thijs, Stan J. J. BROUNS, Ans C. M. GEERLING, Willem M. DE VOS i John VAN der OOST. "DNA family shuffling of hyperthermostable β-glycosidases". Biochemical Journal 368, nr 2 (1.12.2002): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020726.

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The structural compatibility of two hyperthermostable family 1 glycoside hydrolases, Pyrococcus furiosus CelB and Sulfolobus solfataricus LacS, as well as their kinetic potential were studied by construction of a library of 2048 hybrid β-glycosidases using DNA family shuffling. The hybrids were tested for their thermostability, ability to hydrolyse lactose and sensitivity towards inhibition by glucose. Three screening rounds at 70°C led to the isolation of three high-performance hybrid enzymes (hybrid 11, 18 and 20) that had 1.5—3.5-fold and 3.5—8.6-fold increased lactose hydrolysis rates compared with parental CelB and LacS respectively. The three variants were the result of a single crossover event, which gave rise to hybrids with a LacS N-terminus and a main CelB sequence. Constructed three-dimensional models of the hybrid enzymes revealed that the catalytic (βα)8-barrel was composed of both LacS and CelB elements. In addition, an extra intersubunit hydrogen bond in hybrids 18 and 20 might explain their superior stability over hybrid 11. This study demonstrates that extremely thermostable enzymes with limited homology and different mechanisms of stabilization can be efficiently shuffled to form stable hybrids with improved catalytic features.

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22

Aguilera, Andrés, i Belén Gómez-González. "DNA–RNA hybrids: the risks of DNA breakage during transcription". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 24, nr 5 (maj 2017): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3395.

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23

Ozdemir, Ahmet Y., Timur Rusanov, Tatiana Kent, Labiba A. Siddique i Richard T. Pomerantz. "Polymerase θ-helicase efficiently unwinds DNA and RNA-DNA hybrids". Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, nr 14 (14.02.2018): 5259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra117.000565.

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24

Hattori, Nobuaki, Kazuaki Kitagawa, Shigeo Takumi i Chiharu Nakamura. "Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy in Wheat, Aegilops and Their Nucleus-Cytoplasm Hybrids". Genetics 160, nr 4 (1.04.2002): 1619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.4.1619.

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Abstract A mitochondrial (mt) transcriptional unit, nad3-orf156, was studied in the nucleus-cytoplasm hybrids of wheat with D/D2 plasmons from Aegilops species and their parental lines. A comparative RFLP analysis and sequencing of the random PCR clones revealed the presence of seven sequence types and their polymorphic sites were mapped. All the hybrids possessed the paternal copies besides the maternal copies. More paternal copies were present in the D2 plasmon hybrids, whereas more maternal copies were present in the D plasmon hybrids. Two major copies were present with different stoichiometries in the maternal Aegilops parents. However, only a major D plasmon copy was detected in the hybrids, irrespective of their plasmon types. The hexaploid wheat parent (AABBDD genome) possessed the major D plasmon copy in ~5% stoichiometry, while no D plasmon-homologous copies were detected in the tetraploid wheat parent (AABB genome). The results suggest that the observed mtDNA heteroplasmy is due to paternal contribution of mtDNA. The different copy stoichiometry suggests differential amplification of the heteroplasmic copies among the hybrids and the parental lines. All editing sites and their editing frequencies were conserved among the lines, and only the maternal pattern of editing occurred in the hybrids.

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25

Rothenbühler, Simon, Ioan Iacovache, Simon M. Langenegger, Benoît Zuber i Robert Häner. "Supramolecular assembly of DNA-constructed vesicles". Nanoscale 12, nr 41 (2020): 21118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr04103c.

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26

Morgan, W. G., Hugh Thomas, M. Evans i M. Borrill. "Cytogenetic studies of interspecific hybrids between diploid species of Festuca". Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, nr 6 (1.12.1986): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-128.

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Chromosome pairing in hybrids between diploid species of Festuca is described. The chromosome complements of the species from different taxonomic sections vary in chromosome size and DNA content. In interspecific hybrids involving species of the section Montanae there was a relationship between the difference in DNA content of the parental species and chromosome pairing in the F1 hybrids. The larger the difference between the DNA content of the parental species, the more pronounced the failure of chromosome pairing in the F1 hybrids. Factors other than divergence in genome size were also shown to have an effect on chromosome pairing in other hybrid combinations.Key words: chromosome pairing, DNA content, Festuca, hybrids (interspecific).

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27

Hoch, S., i J. Schwaber. "Specificity analysis of human anti-DNA antibodies." Journal of Immunology 136, nr 3 (1.02.1986): 892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.3.892.

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Abstract Human hybrids producing anti-DNA antibodies were generated by the fusion of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes from a child with sickle cell anemia to GM4672. Of 19 hybrids, three (15%) produced anti-DNA antibody as detected by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. One subclone from each of these three hybrids was then characterized. All produced IgM antibody in large amounts ranging from 22 to 266 micrograms/ml per million cells per 24 hr. All three antibodies bound both double- and single-stranded DNA. Competitive inhibition assays revealed the greatest inhibition of DNA binding with the ribohomopolymers polyinosinic and polyguanylic acid. A complex pattern of cross-reactivity with various other polynucleotides and with some phospholipids was observed. Subtle differences were found among the three antibodies in light chain class and some of the binding specificities. By using a modified Farr assay, all three monoclonals were found to be of low to intermediate affinity. These results confirm that anti-DNA antibodies apparently equivalent to those seen in patients with SLE can be derived from "normal" nonautoimmune individuals.

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28

Robinson, Richard. "Novel DNA–Dye Hybrids Sniff out Odors". PLoS Biology 6, nr 1 (22.01.2008): e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060020.

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Lim, Kah Wai, Zi Jian Khong i Anh Tuân Phan. "Thermal Stability of DNA Quadruplex–Duplex Hybrids". Biochemistry 53, nr 1 (24.12.2013): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi401161a.

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Nastruzzi, Claudio, Rita Cortesi, Elisabetta Esposito, Roberto Gambari, Monica Borgatti, Nicoletta Bianchi, Giordana Feriotto i Carlo Mischiati. "Liposomes as carriers for DNA–PNA hybrids". Journal of Controlled Release 68, nr 2 (sierpień 2000): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00273-x.

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31

Huang, Yuegao, Congju Chen i Irina M. Russu. "Structural Energetics of Two RNA-DNA Hybrids". Biophysical Journal 96, nr 3 (luty 2009): 578a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3022.

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32

de Gennes, Pierre-Gilles. "Maximum pull out force on DNA hybrids". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics 2, nr 10 (grudzień 2001): 1505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1296-2147(01)01287-2.

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Mehta, Goverdhan, Sengodagounder Muthusamy, Bhaskar G. Maiya i S. Arounaguiri. "Porphyrin-anthraquinone hybrids: Wavelength dependent DNA photonucleases". Tetrahedron Letters 38, nr 40 (październik 1997): 7125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01637-7.

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34

Huang, Zhicheng, Biwu Liu i Juewen Liu. "A high local DNA concentration for nucleating a DNA/Fe coordination shell on gold nanoparticles". Chemical Communications 56, nr 30 (2020): 4208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc01418d.

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35

Chroboková, E., J. Raddová, M. Vachůn, B. Krška i M. Pidra. "An analysis of apricot cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA and microsatellite primers". Horticultural Science 38, No. 4 (15.11.2011): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/68/2010-hortsci.

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The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique and microsatellites were used to study the genetic diversity and to identify cultivars within a collection of 95 cultivars of Prunus armeniaca L. A dendrogram based on 13 RAPD primers and a dendrogram based on 9 microsatellite primers were prepared using the unweighted pair group method with average (UPGMA) group analysis. In both dendrograms, the cultivars were classified into five groups, according to their geographic origin: hybrids originated by hybridization among cultivars of European and Asian origin, European cultivars, American cultivars, Asian cultivars and interspecific hybrids. Eleven cultivars were not distinguished (9 cultivars with supposed relatedness to Velkopavlovická cv., 2 cvs Vynoslivyj and Vynoslivyj 21/1 that are assumed to be clones) using 9 microsatellite primers. The similarities and the differences revealed among incorporation of cultivars into groups were compared with the literature findings. The results of these analyses have a direct implication on the selection of new breeding progenitors at the Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic.

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36

Gibbs, Julianne M., So-Jung Park, Donde R. Anderson, Keith J. Watson, Chad A. Mirkin i SonBinh T. Nguyen. "Polymer−DNA Hybrids as Electrochemical Probes for the Detection of DNA". Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, nr 4 (luty 2005): 1170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja046931i.

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Schreiner, Sarah M., Anna L. Hatch, David F. Shudy, David R. Howard, Caitlin Howell, Jianli Zhao, Patrick Koelsch, Michael Zharnikov, Dmitri Y. Petrovykh i Aric Opdahl. "Impact of DNA–Surface Interactions on the Stability of DNA Hybrids". Analytical Chemistry 83, nr 11 (czerwiec 2011): 4288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac200814y.

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38

Shiels, Jerome C., Bozidar Jerkovic, Anne M. Baranger i Philip H. Bolton. "RNA–DNA Hybrids Containing Damaged DNA are Substrates for RNase H". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11, nr 19 (październik 2001): 2623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00527-3.

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Picton, Deric D., i Harrison G. Hughes. "Characterization of Alstroemeria Species using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis". HortScience 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 1997): 482F—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.482f.

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In this study, 11 species, hybrids, and color variants were characterized using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Total genomic DNA was extracted using a 2% CTAB extraction buffer using fresh or frozen leaf material. The DNA was amplified using standard RAPD-PCR protocols utilizing 10-mer primers. All primers utilized exhibited a high degree of polymorphism in their banding patterns among the species and hybrids studied. The primers used produced ≈40 reproducible bands. It was possible to identify and uniquely distinguish all species and hybrids investigated using these bands.

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40

Zhan, Yilin, i Giovanni Zocchi. "Flexibility of DNA/PNA, DNA/LNA, DNA/RNA hybrids measured with a nanoscale transducer". EPL (Europhysics Letters) 119, nr 4 (1.08.2017): 48005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/119/48005.

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Grattapaglia, D., i H. D. Bradshaw Jr. "Nuclear DNA content of commercially important Eucalyptus species and hybrids". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, nr 5 (1.05.1994): 1074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-142.

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This paper reports the nuclear DNA content estimates obtained by flow cytometry for a group of twelve Eucalyptus species and five fast-growing hybrids that includes those most widely planted throughout the world. Estimates of nuclear (2C) DNA content for the species surveyed ranged from 0.77 pg/2C for Eucalyptuscitriodora Hook. (subgenus Corymbia) to 1.47 pg/2C for Eucalyptussaligna Smith (subgenus Symphyomyrtus). This range corresponds to a haploid genome size range of 370–700 megabase pairs. The average physical equivalent of a 1 cM distance could be as low as 200 kilobase pairs in Eucalyptus, an attractive feature for positional cloning efforts in woody plants. The closer the species were in phylogenetic relationship the more similar were their nuclear DNA content values. All the interspecific hybrids surveyed displayed a nuclear DNA content in the expected intermediate range between the respective parental species, with the exception of one originating from Rio Claro, Brazil, whose exact parentage is unknown. No evidence of polyploidy was observed in any of the hybrids. The flow cytometry procedure employed in this study is an efficient method for investigating ploidy levels of high yielding hybrids of Eucalyptus.

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42

Rokka, Veli-Matti, Yong-Sheng Xu, Pirjo Tanhuanpää, Leena Pietilä i Eija Pehu. "Electrofusion of protoplasts of anther-derived dihaploid lines of commercial potato cultivars". Agricultural and Food Science 5, nr 4 (1.07.1996): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72756.

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Somatic hybrids of anther-derived dihaploid (2x) potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts. Using RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers, six new combinations of dihaploid parental lines from cultivars Matilda, Nicola, Pito, Stina, Van Gogh and White Lady were identified. RAPD marker identification of the putative hybrids was mostly done using two distinct parental line specific primers. 43% of the 76 regenerated calli from the six combinations produced hybrid shoots. Most of the somatic hybrids were tetraploid (4x), but in four fusion combinations plants of hexaploid (6x), octoploid (8x) or mixoploid level were also identified by chromosome counts or flow cytometric nuclear DNA analysis. The mean nuclear DNA content (2C value) of the tetraploid and hexaploid somatic hybrids was lower than the expected DNA content (i.e. the 2C values of the original tetraploid cultivars or the sum of the 2C values of the dihaploid fusion parents). Some somatic hybrids having the expected nuclear DNA content were also found.

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43

Belousov, A. A., V. M. Sokolo, Y. M. Sivolap, V. P. Domenjuk i N. J. Storcheus. "Heterosis level of maize hybrids developed using DNA technologies". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 54, nr 4 (1.12.2006): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.54.2006.4.1.

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The performance of maize hybrids developed on the basis of recombined inbred lines (RIL) selected from an F2 hybrid population using marker-assisted selection (MAS) was studied. The task was to estimate the efficiency of DNA marker technology for intrapopulation selection and to study the performance of hybrids produced from marker-derived inbreds of the F2 population (GK 26 × Mo 17). Two hundred RILs of marker origin were crossed with 3 unrelated testcross lines from the Lacaune, Mindszentpuszta and Reid heterotic groups. An effective marker test system and informative marker criteria were elaborated for increasing MAS effectiveness. A two-locus system on the basis of linked SSR markers proved to be the most effective. The genetic improvement effect (ΔG) of the C1 population for plant productivity, plant height and grain length ranged from 9.1 to 16.1%, depending on the phenotypic trait and h2 level. The best hybrids developed on the basis of RILs of marker origin outyielded the national check for grain yield by 6.8-7.6%.

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44

Ma, Xuanli, John A. Considine i Guijun Yan. "Chloroplast DNA variation and inheritance in waxflowers (Myrtaceae)". Australian Journal of Botany 52, nr 1 (2004): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03006.

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A study of chloroplast DNA variation and inheritance in waxflowers (Myrtaceae) was undertaken as a basis for validating parentage in putative, juvenile hybrid plants and in naturally occurring hybrids. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of three chloroplast DNA regions, followed by restriction of the amplified products, was used to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in 18 Chamelaucium uncinatum and C.�megalopetalum genotypes. Five cpDNA haplotypes were observed within the two species studied. In C.�uncinatum, three site mutations and one length mutation were observed, corresponding to three cpDNA haplotypes; and in C. megalopetalum, two cpDNA haplotypes were observed.Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) inheritance was studied in 17 intraspecific and 33 interspecific hybrids by using the cpDNA polymorphisms between the female and the male parents. Maternal cpDNA inheritance was observed in all cases, as in most angiosperms. These results support a 95.5% probability of maternal cpDNA inheritance in waxflowers at the 90% confidence level.The method has been used to identify maternal parents of naturally occurring hybrids in our waxflower breeding program. It may also be applied to the study of the evolution of natural populations and, in this study, indicates distinct lines of evolution for individual populations of the two species.

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45

Tomiczak, Karolina. "Molecular and cytogenetic description of somatic hybrids between Gentiana cruciata L. and G. tibetica King". Journal of Applied Genetics 61, nr 1 (16.11.2019): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13353-019-00530-x.

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AbstractSomatic hybridization provides an opportunity to create cells with new genetic constitution. Here, the interspecific somatic hybrid plants regenerated in vitro following fusion of cell suspension–derived protoplasts of tetraploid Cross Gentian (Gentiana cruciata L., 2n = 52) with protoplasts released from mesophyll tissue of another tetraploid species, Tibetan Gentian (G. tibetica King, 2n = 52), were studied. According to the results of genome analyses with AFLP, ISSR, and CAPS markers, all somatic hybrids were genetically closer to “suspension” fusion partner G. cruciata than to “mesophyll” partner G. tibetica, but they got G. tibetica chloroplasts. Chromosome counting revealed little variation in the number of chromosomes in hybrid’s cells (2n = 88 or 2n = 90), although all plants possessed similar nuclear DNA content which remained stable even after 2 years of in vitro culture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that hybrids possessed 4 to 7 chromosomes bearing 5S rDNA sites and 6 or 7 chromosomes with 35S rDNA sites. A part of FISH signals was smaller than those observed in the parental species, which could indicate the loss of rDNA sequences. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) showed the predominance of the number of G. cruciata chromosomes over chromosomes of G. tibetica. However, a significant level of cross-hybridization was observed for about one-third of hybrid chromosomes, indicating a high degree of homeology between the genomes of G. cruciata and G. tibetica.

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Kumar, Gulshan, Manish Srivastav, H. S. Sreekanth, Chavlesh Kumar, Jai Prakash, Sanjay K. Singh i Vinod . "SSR assisted identification of mango (Mangifera indica L.) hybrids and development of DNA barcodes". Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 83, nr 03 (25.09.2023): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31742/isgpb.83.3.17.

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The importance of varietal identification has grown dramatically on a global scale, particularly in the context of plant variety protection. To address the same, 100 new hyper-variable mango simple sequence repeats (HMSSRs) markers were screened for polymorphism among 24 mango hybrids bred at ICAR- IARI, New Delhi. Out of which, 89 polymorphic HMSSRs were used for the generation of DNA barcodes of mango hybrids. A total of 1,861 alleles with an amplicon size of 130 to 450 bp have been detected. The average number of alleles was 2.60 per locus, and PIC ranged from 0.04 (HMSSR1382) to 0.72 (HMSSR1289) with an average of 0.39. UPGMA analysis grouped these mango hybrids into two major clusters broadly representing the parental influence in hybrids. Cluster II comprised of 14 hybrids and cluster I had 10 hybrids. Model-based structure analysis revealed two gene pools, and AMOVA indicated that higher molecular variation is due to individuals (82%). The generated allelic variations of these polymorphic markers were translated into DNA barcodes by separating the allele size for each polymorphic HMSSR locus. A total 11 unique and 35 rare alleles from amplified alleles have been observed. Validation of these hybrid-specific alleles was attempted on a set of four tree replicates of the same genotypes grown at different places, of which seven hybrid-specific alleles could be validated in the present study. Overall, the present set of HMSSRs convincingly revealed to be highly informative and useful for future molecular research in mango. Furthermore, identifying hybrid-specific alleles would be highly useful in identifying and protecting mango hybrids.

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Kratochvílová, Irena, Martin Vala, Martin Weiter, Miroslava Špérová, Bohdan Schneider, Ondřej Páv, Jakub Šebera, Ivan Rosenberg i Vladimír Sychrovský. "Charge transfer through DNA/DNA duplexes and DNA/RNA hybrids: Complex theoretical and experimental studies". Biophysical Chemistry 180-181 (październik 2013): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2013.07.009.

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48

de Vroom, E., H. C. P. F. Roelen, C. P. Saris, T. N. W. Budding, G. A. van der Marel i J. H. van Boom. "Preparation of covalently linked DNA-RNA hybrids and arabinocytidine containing DNA fragments". Nucleic Acids Research 16, nr 7 (1988): 2987–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.7.2987.

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Zhao, Zhiyong, Ting Du, Feng Liang i Simin Liu. "Amphiphilic DNA Organic Hybrids: Functional Materials in Nanoscience and Potential Application in Biomedicine". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, nr 8 (3.08.2018): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082283.

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Due to the addressability and programmability, DNA has been applied not merely in constructing static elegant nanostructures such as two dimensional and three dimensional DNA nanostructures but also in designing dynamic nanodevices. Moreover, DNA could combine with hydrophobic organic molecules to be a new amphiphilic building block and then self-assemble into nanomaterials. Of particular note, a recent state-of-the-art research has turned our attention to the amphiphilic DNA organic hybrids including small molecule modified DNA (lipid-DNA, fluorescent molecule-DNA, etc.), DNA block copolymers, and DNA-dendron hybrids. This review focuses mainly on the development of their self-assembly behavior and their potential application in nanomaterial and biomedicine. The potential challenges regarding of the amphiphilic DNA organic hybrids are also briefly discussed, aiming to advance their practical applications in nanoscience and biomedicine.

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50

Chen, Liangyu, Yanyu Zhu, Xiaobo Ren, Dan Yao, Yang Song, Sujie Fan, Xueying Li i in. "Heterosis and Differential DNA Methylation in Soybean Hybrids and Their Parental Lines". Plants 11, nr 9 (22.04.2022): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091136.

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Heterosis is an important biological phenomenon and is widely applied to increase agricultural productivity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of heterosis are still unclear. Here we constructed three combinations of reciprocal hybrids of soybean, and subsequently used MethylRAD-seq to detect CCGG and CCWGG (W = A or T) methylation in the whole genome of these hybrids and their parents at the middle development period of contemporary seed. We were able to prove that changes in DNA methylation patterns occurred in immature hybrid seeds and the parental variation was to some degree responsible for differential expression between the reciprocal hybrids. Non-additive differential methylation sites (DMSs) were also identified in large numbers in hybrids. Interestingly, most of these DMSs were hyper-methylated and were more concentrated in gene regions than the natural distribution of the methylated sites. Further analysis of the non-additive DMSs located in gene regions exhibited their participation in various biological processes, especially those related to transcriptional regulation and hormonal function. These results revealed DNA methylation reprogramming pattern in the hybrid soybean, which is associated with phenotypic variation and heterosis initiation.

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