Artykuły w czasopismach: „DNA fingerprinting of plants”

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Larson, S. "Plant Genotyping: The DNA Fingerprinting of Plants". Heredity 88, nr 3 (marzec 2002): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800054.

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Cerny, Teresa A., i Terri W. Starman. "Molecular Phylogeny and DNA Amplification Fingerprinting of Petunia". HortScience 30, nr 4 (lipiec 1995): 777F—778. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.777f.

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Seed of five species of petunia and 10 cultivars of Petunia xhybrida were obtained from several sources and plants were fingerprinted using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). Within some species, variable fingerprints were generated between individual plants from the same seed source and/or different sources. Consistencies were found among DAF profiles by bulking the leaf tissue from 10 different plants, but not five plants. Each of 10 octamer primers used during the study revealed polymorphic loci between the species and cultivars. Among the 201 bands produced, 146 (73%) loci were polymorphic and these could be used to distinguish between each of the species and cultivars. Scoring for presence and absence of the amplified bands was used to generate a phylogenetic tree and to calculate the pairwise distances between each of the taxa using parsimony (PAUP) analysis. The tree generated using DAF molecular markers separated P. axillaris from P. parodii (two white-flowered species), and distinguished between the violet-flowered species, P, inflata, P. integrifolia, and P. violacea.

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Ahmad, Waqar, Khushi Muhammad, Altaf Hussain, Habib Ahmad, Khalid Kahn, Iqbal Ahmed Qarshi, Kamran Iqbal Shinwari i in. "DNA Fingerprinting of Essential Commercialized Medicinal Plants from Pakistan". American Journal of Plant Sciences 08, nr 09 (2017): 2119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.89142.

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Munthali, M., B. V. Ford-Lloyd i H. J. Newbury. "The random amplification of polymorphic DNA for fingerprinting plants." Genome Research 1, nr 4 (1.05.1992): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1.4.274.

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Anastassopoulos, Elias. "DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. Principles, Methods, and Applications, Second edition". Economic Botany 60, nr 1 (kwiecień 2006): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2006)60[97:dfippm]2.0.co;2.

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Rice, L. J., G. D. Ascough, J. F. Finnie i J. Van Staden. "DNA fingerprinting of Plectranthus plants for protection of cultivar registration". South African Journal of Botany 76, nr 2 (kwiecień 2010): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.02.040.

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Chiang, Yu-Chung, Chang-Hung Chou, Shong Huang i Tzen-Yuh Chiang. "Possible consequences of fungal contamination on the RAPD fingerprinting in Miscanthus (Poaceae)". Australian Journal of Botany 51, nr 2 (2003): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02021.

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Fungal contamination has been frequently reported in higher plants. In Miscanthus species, a wide range of fungal flora has also been recorded previously, including an investigation based on nrITS amplification. In order to understand the effects of the fungal genomes on the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting, callus specimens were obtained from the tissue culture of shoot apices of Miscanthus. RAPD fingerprinting with 60 oligoprimers was conducted with genomic DNA extracted from leaf tissue collected in the field and from the greenhouse, as well as callus derived from the same individuals. Extra bands were detected in the RAPD fingerprints amplified with 44 primers (84.6%) from the genomic DNA of both the field and greenhouse leaf tissue of most Miscanthus taxa examined, except for M. sinensis var. condensatus. Positive PCR amplification of organelle DNA non-coding spacers with both leaf and callus DNA ruled out the possibility that such DNA fingerprinting discrepancies were due to loss of organelles in the callus after consecutive subcultures. Among the 44 primers, one yielded no amplified fragments from the callus DNA, indicating that the amplified DNA fragments from leaf-tissue DNA were likely to be derived from fungi. The contaminating fungal DNA not only caused the overestimation of genetic diversity in the host plants, but also interfered with the phylogenetic inference. Systematic inconsistency occurred between the UPGMA dendrograms of leaf and callus DNA fingerprints. The detection of contaminating fungal DNA suggested that precautions are required for PCR-based fingerprinting when field materials are used for DNA resources. A method for quick screening of the contaminating fungal DNA with universal primers for the nrITS (internal transcribed spacer) region is suggested.

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Rao, R., G. Corrado, M. Bianchi i A. Di Mauro. "(GATA)4 DNA fingerprinting identifies morphologically characterized 'San Marzano' tomato plants". Plant Breeding 125, nr 2 (kwiecień 2006): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01183.x.

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Zhang, Donglin, Michael A. Dirr i Robert A. Price. "Application of DNA Markers to the Identification of Horticultural Plants". HortScience 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 1997): 534B—534. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.534b.

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The correct identification of horticultural taxa becomes more and more important for intellectual property protection and economic reasons. Traditionally, morphological characteristics have been used to differentiate among the horticultural taxa. However, the morphological characteristics may vary with plant age, cultural conditions, and climate. Modern technologies, such as DNA markers, are now employed in the identification of horticultural taxa. Currently, technologies of DNA sequencing (gene sequences) and DNA fingerprinting (RAPD, RFLP, SSR, and AFLP) are available for distinguishing among horticultural taxa. The literature and our personal experience indicate that the application of each technique depends on the taxon and ultimate goal for the research. DNA sequencing of a variety of nuclear or chloroplast encoded genes or intergenic spacers (rbcL, ndhF, matK, ITS) can be applied to distinguish different species. All DNA fingerprinting technologies can be used to classify infraspecies taxa. AFLP (the most modern technique) is the better and more-reliable to identify taxa subordinate to the species, while RAPDs can be employed in clonal or individual identification. Techniques of RFLP and SSR lie between AFLP and RAPD in their effectiveness to delineate taxa. Mechanics, laboratory procedures, and inherent difficulties of each technique will be briefly discussed. Application of the above technologies to the classification of Cephalo taxus will be discussed in concert with the morphological and horticultural characteristics. Future classification and identification of horticultural taxa should combine DNA technology and standard morphological markers.

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Butiuc-Keul, Anca, Holger Budahn, Evelyn Klocke, Dragoș Postolache, Anca Farkas, Frank Dunemann i Ana Coste. "Analysis of Hypericum accessions by DNA fingerprinting and flow cytometry". Acta botanica Croatica 81, nr 1 (3.01.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-026.

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Hypericum perforatum, H. umbellatum, H. maculatum, and H. hircinum accessions originating from botanical gardens across Europe were examined by flow cytometry and molecular markers. 2C DNA content of 17 Hypericum perforatum accessions (Hp) and the H. perforatum cultivar Topaz amounted to between 1.56 pg and 1.62 pg. In four Hp accessions some individual plants were found with a DNA content corresponding to 6Cx (2.34 - 2.39 pg). All plants of accession Hp8 showed a DNA content of 6Cx (2.41 pg). In root tips of Hp plants with an average DNA amount of 1.58 pg, 32 chromosomes were detected, corresponding to 2n = 4x. This is the first ploidy and/or DNA content report for H. umbellatum, H. maculatum and H. hircinum. H. umbellatum and H. maculatum, each contained 0.76 pg DNA and 16 chromosomes were counted. The 2C DNA content of H. hircinum was 1.00 pg with the best metaphase plate revealing 32 chromosomes. Additionally, a combined marker analysis, based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), was conducted to gain a better understanding of diversity especially within the accessions of H. perforatum. A total of 27 (11 ISSR and 16 SRAP) primer combinations were screened, showing 699 bands, of which 661 were polymorphic. UPGMA clustering revealed that accessions from the same geographic area tended to be more closely related, while H. maculatum was grouped separately from all H. perforatum accessions. Both methods have shown similar sensitivities in detecting the genetic diversity of the analyzed genotypes. Our results may be useful for Hypericum breeding programs and the development of effective conservation strategies.

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Ryskov, A. P., A. G. Jincharadze, M. I. Prosnyak, P. L. Ivanov i S. A. Limborska. "M13 phage DNA as a universal marker for DNA fingerprinting of animals, plants and microorganisms". FEBS Letters 233, nr 2 (20.06.1988): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(88)80467-8.

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Pancaningtyas, Sulistyani, i Agung Wahyu Susilo. "Analysis of Cocoa Clonal Seedlings Purity Through Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Barcoding and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Fingerprinting". Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 38, nr 1 (12.04.2022): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v38i1.490.

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The genetic purity of a plant indicates the similarity properties between seedlings in the field and the description of the plant in the database. Identifying plant purity through a morphological approach has several drawbacks, including time efficiency and environmental factors, and the diversity is limited and inconsistent. This condition encourages the development of detection methods using DNA molecular markers. Plant identification through fingerprinting or the use of molecular markers has not been widely carried out on a commercial scale, considering the investment costs for this analysis are still quite expensive. Another method used for plant identification through DNA Barcoding by comparing variations between DNA sequences. The primers used to identify barcodes on cocoa were derived from the chloroplast genome, including rbcL and matK. This research aims to see the consistency of the rbcL primer when applied to other cocoa clones, and the analysis of the polymorphic diversity of each cocoa clone using DNA fingerprinting RAPD. This method will be tested on clones of Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, ICCRI 03, and ICCRI 09, which were propagated by SE and mother plants in the field using cocoa leaf samples. The stages include DNA extraction, sequencing, and analysis of the sequencing results. The results of seedlings uniformity analysis using DNA barcoding on cocoa plants produced from in vitro propagation showed that the multiplied seeds did not show any difference in sequence with the parent plant (DR2, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and ICCRI 09). The analysis of the diversity of cocoa clones DR 2, MCC 2, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and ICCRI 09 through DNA Fingerprinting RAPD showed that the OPA 15 primer produced a more apparent polymorphic band than the other three primers (OPP 08, OPW 11, and M 29).

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Kaemmer, D., K. Weising, B. Beyermann, T. Borner, J. T. Epplen i G. Kahlm. "Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of tomato DNA". Plant Breeding 114, nr 1 (luty 1995): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00751.x.

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Zurn, Jason D., Katie A. Carter, Melinda H. Yin, Margaret Worthington, John R. Clark, Chad E. Finn i Nahla Bassil. "Validating Blackberry Seedling Pedigrees and Developing an Improved Multiplexed Microsatellite Fingerprinting Set". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 143, nr 5 (wrzesień 2018): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04474-18.

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Confirming parentage and clonal identity is an important aspect of breeding and managing germplasm collections of clonally propagated, outcrossing crops, like blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus). DNA fingerprinting sets are used to identify off-cross progeny and confirm clonal identity. Previously, a six-simple sequence repeat (6-SSR) fingerprinting set was developed for blackberry using a small number of samples. The usefulness of the 6-SSR fingerprinting set for pedigree confirmation had not been evaluated. Therefore, it was used in this study to validate parentage for 6 and 12 biparental populations from the University of Arkansas (UA) and US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Horticultural Crops Research Unit (HCRU) breeding programs, respectively. Twenty-seven of the 489 individuals in these breeding populations were identified as off-cross. The 6-SSR fingerprinting set was sufficient for parentage confirmation; however, a total of 61 plants distributed across 28 sets of genotypes could not be distinguished from each other. An 8-SSR fingerprinting set with improved resolution was subsequently developed and used to evaluate 177 Rubus accessions from the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, UA, and USDA-ARS HCRU programs. The 8-SSR fingerprinting set distinguished all samples expected to have unique genotypes and identified differing DNA fingerprints for two sets of accessions suspected to have identical fingerprints. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions from the eastern and western US breeding programs based on geography and descent. Future work will focus on establishing a database of DNA fingerprints for germplasm identification and for determining pedigree relationships between blackberry accessions.

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Shirahata, Tatsuya, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Teruhisa Kudo, Yumiko Takada, Azusa Hoshino, Yui Taga, Yusaku Minakuchi i in. "Metabolic fingerprinting for discrimination of DNA-authenticated Atractylodes plants using 1H NMR spectroscopy". Journal of Natural Medicines 75, nr 3 (11.02.2021): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-020-01471-0.

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Pooler, Margaret R. "Preservation and DNA Fingerprinting of the Historic Tidal Basin Cherries". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, nr 4 (1.12.1999): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.4.189.

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Abstract The historic Japanese flowering cherry trees planted around the Tidal Basin in Washington, DC, were given to the United States in 1912 as a gift from Japan, yet only a small portion of the original trees remain. In cooperation with the National Park Service, the U.S. National Arboretum clonally propagated a portion of these trees. DNA from these and other P. x yedoensis plants obtained from domestic commercial nurseries were compared using RAPD markers. Twenty-one 10-nucleotide primers yielded 80 repeatable bands that were used to assess genetic distances among the accessions. The genetic distances ranged from 0.65 to 1.0, with thirteen accessions identical at all loci tested. The most genetically dissimilar trees were P. x yedoensis accessions that were collected as seed in Japan. Accessions obtained from commercial nurseries including ‘Afterglow’, ‘Akebono’, and Yoshino were also dissimilar to the Tidal Basin trees. This study indicated that most of the older trees planted around the Tidal Basin are genetically very similar, but that variability in P. x yedoensis exists, especially in accessions collected as seed from Japan.

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Boiteux, L. S., M. E. N. Fonseca i P. W. Simon. "Effects of Plant Tissue and DNA Purification Method on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-based Genetic Fingerprinting Analysis in Carrot". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.124.1.32.

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Seven plant genomic DNA purification protocols were evaluated for genetic fingerprinting analysis using six tissues obtained from inbred carrot (Daucus carota L.) lines. Evaluations included 1) DNA yield, 2) DNA purity, 3) DNA cleavage with HindIII, 4) DNA integrity, and 5) DNA suitability for amplification in a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) system. Significant differences were observed among tissues and purification methods for the total amount of DNA. An extraction method using CTAB buffer + organic solvents gave the best results in DNA yield, purity, and HindIII cleavage when compared with the other six nonorganic extraction methods. Of the tissues examined, flowers yielded the most DNA (average value = 115 ng of DNA/mg of fresh tissue); followed by seeds (54 ng·mg-1), fresh leaves (48 ng·mg-1), lyophilized leaves (40 ng·mg-1), calli (22 ng·mg-1), and tap roots (4 ng·mg-1). For most of the preparations, the DNA showed no traces of degradation. However, DNA preparations were not consistently accessible to HindIII cleavage in all tissue-extraction method combinations. Uncut DNA was observed chiefly in extractions from flowers and fresh leaves suggesting a tissue-specific adverse effect on restriction endonuclease activity. Differences in RAPD band (amplicon) intensity and number were observed across tissues and DNA extraction methods using identical PCR conditions for RAPD. Callus was the best type of tissue for RAPD-based fingerprinting yielding a consistently higher number of more intense amplicons when compared to the other tissues. In flowers and seeds, only DNA obtained with the CTAB extraction method could be amplified. Polymorphisms deviating from genetic expectations were mainly observed in root and fresh leaf DNA, indicating that some RAPD markers may not present satisfactory levels of reproducibility. Judicious and uniform selection of DNA purification method as well as tissue source for DNA extraction are, therefore, important considerations for reliable RAPD-based DNA fingerprinting analysis in carrot. In addition, our studies allowed the identification of a better combination of procedures for use in routine manipulations of carrot DNA such as RFLP-RAPD-based cultivar fingerprinting, molecular mapping, screening of transgenic plants, construction of genomic libraries, and gene cloning.

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Heath, Daniel D., Robert H. Devlin, Thomas J. Hilbish i George K. Iwama. "Multilocus DNA fingerprints in seven species of salmonids". Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, nr 3 (1.03.1995): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-069.

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DNA fingerprinting is a molecular biological technique that is widely used for identifying parentage and relatedness in plants and animals. To identify new DNA fingerprinting probes for use with salmonids, Southern blots of genomic DNA from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were hybridized at low stringencies with 12 different oligonucleotides designed from published core sequences of variable number of tendem repeats. Seven of the 12 oligonucleotides produced highly variable fingerprint-like patterns; however, only 3 of these had clear, distinct bands. The estimated heterozygosity for one population of chinook salmon using the three oligonucleotides as probes ranged from 0.64 to 0.77. Those three oligonucleotides were further hybridized with DNA from two unrelated individuals from six other species of salmonids. A single-locus DNA fingerprint probe originally developed for chinook salmon was also hybridized with DNA from the other six species at moderate stringency. There were differences in the complexity and signal strength of the resulting banding pattern between species for a given probe. Estimates of variability (heterozygosity and band sharing) for the three oligonucleotide probes and OtSL1 were high, indicating that the probes were potentially useful genetic markers. The availability of these additional DNA fingerprint probes should assist in ecological and evolutionary studies in salmonids, as well as in efforts to estimate genetic diversity of populations.

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Barnes, S. E., i M. W. Shaw. "Infection of Commercial Hybrid Primula Seed by Botrytis cinerea and Latent Disease Spread Through the Plants". Phytopathology® 93, nr 5 (maj 2003): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.5.573.

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Botrytis cinerea occurred commonly on cultivated Primula ×polyantha seed. The fungus was mostly on the outside of the seed but sometimes was present within the seed. The fungus frequently caused disease at maturity in plants grown from the seed, demonstrated by growing plants in a filtered airflow, isolated from other possible sources of infection. Young, commercially produced P. ×polyantha plants frequently had symptomless B. cinerea infections spread throughout the plants for up to 3 months, with symptoms appearing only at flowering. Single genetic individuals of B. cinerea, as determined by DNA fingerprinting, often were dispersed widely throughout an apparently healthy plant. Plants could, however, contain more than one isolate.

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Shufran, Kevin A., William C. Black i David C. Margolies. "DNA fingerprinting to study spatial and temporal distributions of an aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera: Aphididae)". Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, nr 3 (wrzesień 1991): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300033587.

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AbstractThe length of the intergenic spacer in the rRNA cistron varied within and among individuals of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). Spacer lengths did not vary among offspring of a single maternal lineage (clone). The intergenic spacer was used as a molecular fingerprinting probe on individual aphids and to study spatial and temporal distributions of clones. A spatially nested sampling design was used in wheat and sorghum to estimate numbers of clones among aphids on leaves, among leaves on plants, among plants in fields, among fields in counties, among counties, and among dates. Each level of nesting added a level of clonal diversity to the entire population. 82.3% of the total population diversity was found among aphids on one sorghum leaf. Sampling additional leaves increased diversity slightly (5.4%), whereas plants (0.9%), fields (0.6% to 3.6%), and counties (1.2%) added very little. Sample dates contributed the highest increase in diversity (11%). Diversity rose and fell in wheat along with aphid numbers but remained constant in sorghum. Little variation in Mahalanobis distances could be explained by geographic distances. No genotypes were unique to any field, county, crop, or year. Kansas populations are made up of a large mixture of genetically diverse clones that recolonize wheat and sorghum each year. Sampling many plants, fields, or counties is an ineffective way to increase clonal diversity. Plant breeders developing crop resistance to S. graminum can expect plant entries to be exposed to most of the genetic diversity present in Kansas populations regardless of location.

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Lamboy, Warren F., Christopher A. Alpha i David V. Peterson. "Unknown Cultivars of Cold-hardy Grape Can Be Successfully Identified by Their Simples Sequence Repeat (SSR) Fingerprints". HortScience 33, nr 3 (czerwiec 1998): 516d—517. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.516d.

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Simple sequence repeat DNA fragments (SSRs) have been suggested as the method of choice for DNA fingerprinting of grape cultivars. Nevertheless, the use of SSRs as a practical fingerprinting method is not without its pitfalls. For example, when the polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify SSR sequences, potentially confusing “stutter” bands may occur, or there may be non-template directed addition of an “A” to the end of synthesized fragments, or other artifactual amplification products may be produced. Since we would like to fingerprint our entire cold-hardy grape collection of ≈1300 cultivars, we decided to conduct a blind test to determine if SSR fingerprinting actually would be practical in our circumstances. First, SSR fingerprints were established for 45 commercially important cool-climate grape cultivars, the known standards. Then, SSR fingerprints were produced for 44 “unknown” cultivars grown in the Finger Lakes Region of New York. The identities of these were known only to the third author. To independently identity these “unknowns,” their fingerprints were compared to those of the known standards. By this means, 42 of the 44 “unknowns” were immediately correctly identified. The identity of one of the two remaining unknowns was truly not known to the vineyard owner; it was identified as Cabernet Franc, a grape commonly grown in the region. The final “unknown” was a plant of Pinot Blanc, whose fingerprint matched those of both the known and the unknown Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir plants, but did not match that of the Pinot Blanc plants used as standards. This was surprising, since all three Pinot's varieties are simply fruit color mutants of the same genotype. Further investigation revealed that the known plants of “Pinot Blanc” had been misidentified, and actually were the cultivar Melon. Thus, identification of the “unknown” Pinot Blanc as Pinot Noir or Pinot Gris was correct, as were the identifications of the 43 other `unknowns.” This study confirmed that SSR fingerprinting is a practical method for identifying cool-climate grape cultivars.

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Park, Dong-Suk, Hee-Wan Kang, Mi-Hee Lee, Young-Jin Park, Byoung-Moo Lee, Jang-Ho Hahn i Seung-Joo Go. "DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of the GenusPhytophthorain Korea". Mycobiology 31, nr 4 (2003): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.4489/myco.2003.31.4.235.

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Hamann, Andrea, Dorothea Zink i Walter Nagl. "Microsatellite fingerprinting in the genus Phaseolus". Genome 38, nr 3 (1.06.1995): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-066.

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The genetic variability of the genus Phaseolus was investigated by nonradioactive DNA fingerprinting. The simple repetitive sequences (GATA)4, (GACA)4, (CAC)5, and (CA)8 were used as probes to differentiate 18 species comprised of 90 genotypes. (GATA)4, (CAC)5, and (CA)8 could be detected in the genome of nearly all species, while the (GACA)4 motif occurred only in 13 species. Almost all fragments that hybridized with (GACA)4 also hybridized with (GATA)4. All but two cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris, P. lunatus, P. acutifolius, and P. polyanthus showed specific banding patterns with (GATA)4. The other repetitive motifs revealed only limited or no intraspecific variation. In P. vulgaris, two group-specific patterns were found with (GATA)4, giving further evidence for a Middle American and an Andean origin of the P. vulgaris genotypes. The high intraspecific pattern variation that was revealed with (GATA)4 in the predominantly self-pollinating species P. vulgaris and P. lunatus can probably be explained by there being at least two primary centres of domestication and, hence, genetic diversification. In cross-pollinating species (e.g., P. coccineus), the observed intraspecific variation was, surprisingly, rather low. The present study shows that DNA fingerprinting with microsatellites successfully distinguishes among gene pools, cultivars, and, in some cases, among individuals.Key words: Leguminosae, plants, nonradioactive, simple sequences, digoxigenated oligonucleotide probes.

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Pradhan, A., G. Yan i J. A. Plummer. "Development of DNA fingerprinting keys for the identification of radish cultivars". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, nr 1 (2004): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03031.

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Identification of cultivars is extremely important both for cultivation and breeding of crop plants. Cultivar identification based on morphological characteristics can be difficult and complicated. Polymerase chain reaction technologies, such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, can readily and quickly identify cultivars using seeds and young leaves. Sixty individuals representing 7 radish cultivars were examined for RAPD marker polymorphism. Based on the polymorphism generated, 5 primers were selected, out of the 14��examined, to fingerprint the cultivars. The 5 primers produced a total of 52 fragments, 6 monomorphic and 46�polymorphic fragments, ranging in size from 206 to 2258 base pairs. A total and mean character difference matrix was calculated based on the RAPD data and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Three DNA fingerprinting keys were developed for the 7 cultivars and 5 markers derived from 3 primers was the minimum required to distinguish cultivars. Results demonstrated that RAPD markers could be effectively used for the identification of radish cultivars.

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Milic, Dubravka, Jadranka Lukovic, Mihajla Djan, Lana Zoric, Dragana Obreht, Sanja Veselic, G. Anackov i Theodora Petanidou. "Identification of Salicornia population: Anatomical characterization and RAPD fingerprinting". Archives of Biological Sciences 63, nr 4 (2011): 1087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1104087m.

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Anatomical and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of two typical populations of Salicornia europaea from Montenegro and Greece (Lesvos), one typical population of S. ramosissima from Spain and one population that belongs to the Salicornia genus from Serbia, was undertaken to develop a new strategy for identifying Salicornia plants. Anatomical variability and differentiation were examined using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multivariate Discriminant Function Analysis (MDA). On the basis of the anatomical measurements, the four populations were classified into three groups: one joining the plants from Serbia and Spain, one comprising the Montenegrin group and one comprising the Lesvos group. RAPD analysis indicated that populations from Spain and Serbia were closely related to each other and the Lesvos group was quite different from all the other investigated populations. These results opened up the possibility that the specimens from Serbia belonged to S. ramosissima and not to S. europaea, as reported previously.

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Punitha, D., i T. S. Raveendran. "DNA fingerprinting studies in coloured cotton genotypes". Plant Breeding 123, nr 1 (luty 2004): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0179-9541.2003.00921.x.

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Starman, Terri Woods, i Shane Abbitt. "DNA Amplification Fingerprinting Used to Distinguish Series of Cutting, Seedling, and Ivy Leaf Geranium". HortScience 31, nr 4 (sierpień 1996): 565c—565. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.565c.

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The objective was to distinguish between series of cultivars of Pelargonium xhortorum (zonal geranium), Pelargonium hybrids (seed geranium), and Pelargonium peltatum (ivy leaf geranium) using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) demonstrating the utility of DAF for patent protection to prevent infringement of inventor's rights. Leaf tissue of 10 plants of each cultivar of seedling geranium was bulked for DNA extraction, and cutting and ivy geranium cultivars were bulks of five plants of each cultivar. Isolated DNA from different cultivars of a series were bulked together in their respective series. Seedling geranium series included Dynamo, Glamour, Multibloom, Orbit, Pinto, and Ringo 2000. Cutting geranium series included Designer and Showcase. Ivy geraniums were from the Guillou group. Amplification was with one of two octamer primers, followed by reamplifying with one of four different mini hairpin primers. Gels were visually scored for presence or absence of bands. The four primers generated 336 bands. The average number of bands (_1000 bp) per primer was 40. Twenty percent of bands were polymorphic and distinguished between each series of cultivars. Genetic relationships were evaluated by SAHN cluster analysis based on the distance estimator of Dice using the NTSYS-pc program (Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 1.8). Series were grouped according to species. Seedling geraniums were in one large group, the two cutting geraniums were grouped together and the ivy leaf geraniums were a separate branch.

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Bittencourt-Oliveira, Mariado Carmo, Ariadnedo Nascimento Moura, Selma Gouvêa-Barros i Ernani Pinto. "HIP1 DNA fingerprinting in Microcystis panniformis (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria)". Phycologia 46, nr 1 (2.01.2007): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/06-01.1.

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Caetano-Anollés, Gustavo, Brant J. Bassam i Peter M. Gresshoff. "DNA amplification fingerprinting: A strategy for genome analysis". Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 9, nr 4 (listopad 1991): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02672006.

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Sedláček, Ivo, Pavla Holochová, Ivana Mašlaňová, Marcel Kosina, Cathrin Spröer, Hana Bryndová, Peter Vandamme, Ivo Rudolf, Zdenek Hubálek i Pavel Švec. "Enterococcus ureilyticus sp. nov. and Enterococcus rotai sp. nov., two urease-producing enterococci from the environment". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_2 (1.02.2013): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.041152-0.

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A set of 25 urease-producing, yellow-pigmented enterococci was isolated from environmental sources. Phenotypic classification divided the isolates into two phena. Both phena were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA base composition, rep-PCR fingerprinting and automated ribotyping. The obtained data distinguished the isolates from all members of the genus Enterococcus with validly published names and placed them in the Enterococcus faecalis species group. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments, pheS and rpoA sequencing and whole-cell protein electrophoresis provided conclusive evidence for the classification of each phenon as a novel species of the genus Enterococcus , for which the names Enterococcus ureilyticus sp. nov. (type strain CCM 4629T = LMG 26676T = CCUG 48799T), inhabiting water and plants, and Enterococcus rotai sp. nov. (type strain CCM 4630T = LMG 26678T = CCUG 61593T), inhabiting water, insects (mosquitoes) and plants, are proposed.

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Gagliardi, Rachel Fatima, Georgia Pereira Pacheco, Carlos Alberto Oliveira, Leonardo Alves Carneiro, José Francisco Montenegro Valls, Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira i Elisabeth Mansur. "Rescue of a non-viable accession and rapd analysis of recovered plants of Arachis retusa". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 39, nr 2 (luty 2004): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2004000200015.

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In vitro regeneration of Arachis retusa was examined for the purpose of germplasm renewal and conservation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting was used to evaluate the genetic stability of plants derived from embryo axes and apical segments. Ten arbitrary decamer primers were screened and five of them were selected. Ninety genomic regions were evaluated, with an average of 18 loci per clone. All amplified segments were monomorphic. The results indicate that recovered plants are genetically stable at the assessed genomic regions and that both regeneration processes are suitable for in vitro germplasm preservation of Arachis species.

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Byrne, Margaret. "A molecular journey in conservation genetics". Pacific Conservation Biology 24, nr 3 (2018): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18025.

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Genetics, and more recently genomics, has become an integral part of conservation science. From the early days of DNA fingerprinting through development of hybridisation based and polymerase chain reaction based markers, to applications of genomics, genetics has provided many insights to improve management of plants, animals and their ecosystems. I share my journey of discovery in genetics and genomics, and their application in conservation of plants through understanding evolutionary history, population genetics of rare and threatened species, molecular taxonomy, fragmentation and the role of pollen dispersal, restoration in a risk management context, and adaptation to climate change.

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Yashitola, J., A. P. K. Reddy i Ramesh V. Sonti. "A Widely Distributed Lineage of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in India May Have Come from Native Wild Rice". Plant Disease 84, nr 4 (kwiecień 2000): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.465.

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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight, a serious disease of rice. We have collected leaf blight-affected samples from wild rice (Oryza nivara) plants growing naturally at 22 locations in five revenue districts (Nalgonda, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Nizamabad, and Adilabad) in the Telangana Region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Pathotype analysis on a set of differential rice cultivars and DNA fingerprinting with two multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphism probes indicated that the X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains from the O. nivara plants belonged to a pathotype and lineage previously widely distributed among cultivated rice in India. This suggests that the lineage may be native to wild rice and may have been transferred subsequently to cultivated rice plants.

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Antonius, Kristiina, Gun Werlemark i Hilde Nybom. "DNA fingerprinting demonstrates extremely low levels of genetic variation among blackberry cultivars grown in Finland". Agricultural and Food Science 6, nr 3 (1.09.1997): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72787.

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Most blackberry plants cultivated in Finland closely resemble the American species Rubus allegheniensis. Thirty nine such blackberry accessions in the University of Helsinki clone collection were studied by hybridization-based DNA fingerprinting and compared with some known cultivars of R. allegheniensis derivation. ‘lmperial’ appears to be identical to the old cultivar ‘Majestät’, but ‘Earliest of All’ differs considerably. In addition, 37 of the accessions analysed also have DNA fingerprints that appear to be completely identical to that of ‘Majestät’! The remaining two accessions, although identical to each other, exhibit one band not found in ‘Majestät’ that is probably caused by a somatic mutation.

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Pappalardo, L., M. K. Smith, S. D. Hamill, A. M. Stirling i D. McKay. "DNA amplification fingerprinting analysis of genetic variation withinFusarium oxysporumf.sp.zingiberi". Australasian Plant Pathology 38, nr 1 (2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap08076.

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Nybom, Hilde. "DNA fingerprinting — A useful tool in fruit breeding". Euphytica 77, nr 1-2 (luty 1994): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02551462.

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Eskew, D. L., G. Caetano-Anoll�s, B. J. Bassam i P. M. Gresshoff. "DNA amplification fingerprinting of the Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis". Plant Molecular Biology 21, nr 2 (styczeń 1993): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00019951.

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Pruvot-Woehl, Solène, Sarada Krishnan, William Solano, Tim Schilling, Lucile Toniutti, Benoit Bertrand i Christophe Montagnon. "Authentication of Coffea arabica Varieties through DNA Fingerprinting and its Significance for the Coffee Sector". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, nr 2 (marzec 2020): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaocint/qsz003.

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Abstract Background Locating the optimal varieties for coffee cultivation is increasingly considered a key condition for sustainable production and marketing. Variety performance varies when it comes to susceptibility to coffee leaf rust and other diseases, adaptation to climate change and high cup quality for specialty markets. But because of poor organization and the lack of a professional coffee seed sector, most existing coffee farms (and even seed lots and nurseries) do not know which varieties they are using. DNA fingerprinting of coffee planting material will contribute to professionalize the coffee seed sector. Objective The objective of this paper is i) to check in a large scale the robustness of the existing coffee DNA fingerprinting method based on eight Single Sequence Repeats markers (SRR) and ii) to describe how it can help in moving the needle towards a more professional seed sector. Method 2533 samples representing all possible genetic background of Arabica varieties were DNA fingerprinted with 8 SRR markers. The genetic diversity was analyzed and the genetic conformity to varietal references was assessed. Results The DNA fingerprinting method proved to be robust in authenticating varieties and trace back the history of C. arabica breeding and of the movement of C. arabica varieties. The genetic conformity of two important coffee varieties, Marseillesa and Gesha, proved to be 91% and 39% respectively. Conclusions DNA fingerprinting provides different actors in the coffee sector with a powerful new tool—farmers can verify the identity of their cultivated varieties, coffee roasters can be assured that marketing claims related to varieties are correct, and most of all, those looking to establish the a more professional and reliable coffee seed sector have a reliable new monitoring tool to establish and check genetic purity of seed stock and nursery plants. Highlights While C. arabica is primarily self-pollinating, even fixed line varieties appear to be drifting away from their original genetic reference due to uncontrolled cross pollination. A set of 8 SSR markers applied to the largest possible genetically diverse set of samples prove to discriminate between a wide range of varieties Figures confirm that genetic non conformity of coffee varieties can represent up to 61% of checked samples.

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Oppermann, Birgit, Petr Karlovsky i Werner Reisser. "M13 DNA fingerprinting in unicellular and filamentous green algae". European Journal of Phycology 32, nr 2 (maj 1997): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670269710001737019.

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Fiore, Maria Carola, Annalisa Marchese, Antonio Mauceri, Ignazio Digangi i Anna Scialabba. "Diversity Assessment and DNA-Based Fingerprinting of Sicilian Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Germplasm". Plants 11, nr 5 (25.02.2022): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050631.

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The characterization of plant genetic resources is a precondition for genetic improvement and germplasm management. The increasing use of molecular markers for DNA-based genotype signature is crucial for variety identification and traceability in the food supply chain. We collected 75 Sicilian hazelnut accessions from private and public field collections, including widely grown varieties from the Nebrodi Mountains in north east Sicily (Italy). The germplasm was fingerprinted through nine standardized microsatellites (SSR) for hazelnut identification to evaluate the genetic diversity of the collected accessions, validating SSR discrimination power. We identified cases of homonymy and synonymy among acquisitions and the unique profiles. The genetic relationships illustrated by hierarchical clustering, structure, and discriminant analyses revealed a clear distinction between local and commercial varieties. The comparative genetic analysis also showed that the Nebrodi genotypes are significantly different from the Northern Italian, Iberian, and Turkish genotypes. These results highlight the need and urgency to preserve Nebrodi germplasm as a useful and valuable source for traits of interest employable for breeding. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of molecular marker analysis to select a reference germplasm collection of Sicilian hazelnut varieties and to implement certified plants’ production in the supply chain.

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Williams, Mark L., Andrew N. Drinnan i Neville G. Walsh. "Variation within Prostanthera spinosa (Lamiaceae): evidence from morphological and molecular studies". Australian Systematic Botany 19, nr 5 (2006): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb05032.

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Specimens of Prostanthera spinosa F. Muell. representing the geographic range of the taxon were examined for morphological and genetic variation within the species. Patterns of morphological variation were documented and the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA fingerprinting technique was used to assess the genetic relationships among plants from different populations. Morphological and molecular results were in broad agreement and supported distinct groups in both analyses. The differences detected warrant taxonomic recognition and three species are described representing geographically disjunct regions. Plants from the Grampians in Victoria, Eyre Peninsula, Flinders Ranges and Kangaroo Island in South Australia, group together and retain the name P. spinosa; plants from Mt Arapiles in Victoria are distinct and are recognised as a new species P. arapilensis; plants from the Fortis Creek National Park and adjacent areas in northern New South Wales are distinct and are identified as a new species, P. sejuncta.

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Khlestkina, Elena K., Marion S. Röder, Heinrich Grausgruber i Andreas Börner. "A DNA fingerprinting-based taxonomic allocation of Kamut wheat". Plant Genetic Resources 4, nr 3 (grudzień 2006): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pgr2006120.

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AbstractKamut wheat, said to have been derived from seed found in the Egyptian pyramids, appeared on the market about 25 years ago. We have investigated its taxonomic placement using microsatellite genotyping. In all, 89 accessions of 13 tetraploid wheat species, along with samples of Kamut wheat, were genotyped using two A and B genome wheat microsatellite markers per chromosome, generating 453 alleles (8–33 alleles per locus), and a mean allelic polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.80. A diversity analysis showed that nine major accession groups could be defined, and these were inconsistent with formal taxonomic classifications of about 10% of the material. Most of these misclassifications are due to either species introgression or seed admixture. Some accessions appear to be duplicates. The Kamut wheats grouped together in a cluster containing three accessions of Triticum polonicum and three of T. durum, originating from Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Israel. We suggest that Kamut perhaps derived from a natural hybrid between T. durum and T. polonicum, which occurred in the Fertile Crescent.

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Thimmappaiah, D. Shobha, GS Mohana, J. Dinakara Adiga i PG Bhat. "Fingerprinting of released varieties of cashew based on DNA markers". Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research 29, nr 4 (2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2016.00105.1.

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Louws, F. J., J. Bell, C. M. Medina-Mora, C. D. Smart, D. Opgenorth, C. A. Ishimaru, M. K. Hausbeck, F. J. de Bruijn i D. W. Fulbright. "rep-PCR-Mediated Genomic Fingerprinting: A Rapid and Effective Method to Identify Clavibacter michiganensis". Phytopathology® 88, nr 8 (sierpień 1998): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.8.862.

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The genomic DNA fingerprinting technique known as repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) was evaluated as a tool to differentiate subspecies of Clavibacter michiganensis, with special emphasis on C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the pathogen responsible for bacterial canker of tomato. DNA primers (REP, ERIC, and BOX), corresponding to conserved repetitive element motifs in the genomes of diverse bacterial species, were used to generate genomic fingerprints of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, C. michiganensis subsp. tessellarius, and C. michiganensis subsp. insidiosum. The rep-PCR-generated patterns of DNA fragments observed after agarose gel electrophoresis support the current division of C. michiganensis into five subspecies. In addition, the rep-PCR fingerprints identified at least four types (A, B, C, and D) within C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis based on limited DNA polymorphisms; the ability to differentiate individual strains may be of potential use in studies on the epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions of this organism. In addition, we have recovered from diseased tomato plants a relatively large number of naturally occurring avirulent C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains with rep-PCR fingerprints identical to those of virulent C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains.

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Koohdar, Fahimeh, Neda Aram i Masoud Sheidai. "Biosystematics, fingerprinting and DNA barcoding study of the genus Lallemantia based on SCoT and REMAP markers". Caryologia 74, nr 4 (8.03.2022): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1163.

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Lallemantia is a medicinally important plant in the world. Due to interspecific hybridization and horizontal gene transfer, spices relationship and delimitation on the genus Lallemantia is difficult based on different molecular markers. Therefore, selecting the appropriate marker can be important. Fingerprinting techniques continue to be used for genomic profiling for the characterization of germplasm and the establishment of the identity of varieties/hybrids/parental sources of aromatic and medicinal plants. For this, we need to produce detailed information on genetic diversity available in Lallemantia as well as investigate spices relationship and delimitation. Therefore, the present study was performed on Lallemantia species in Iran. We used the start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism molecular marker for our genetic investigation with the following aims: 1- To reveal the species delimitation and species relationship in Lallemantia, and 2- To investigate discriminating power of the start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism markers by Gst and NM analysis. The results obtained revealed that the start codon targeted marker is the best to show the relationships between species while the retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism marker is the best for species delimitation. we found the loci with the high value of Gst (1.00) in start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism markers that can be used in barcoding and fingerprinting of L. royleana.

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Dey, T., i P. D. Ghosh. "Application of molecular markers in plant genome study". NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 4, nr 1 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2010.v04i01.001.

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The development of molecular techniques for genetic analysis has led to a great increase in our knowledge of plant genetics and our understanding of the structure and behaviour of plant genome. During last three decades, several powerful DNA based marker technologies have been developed for the assessment of genetic diversities and molecular marker assisted breeding technology. In plant systems, the prospects of DNA profiling and fingerprinting is becoming indispensable in the context of establishment of molecular phylogeny, assessment of somaclonal variants, characterization of plant genomics, marker- based gene tags, map-based cloning of agronomically important genes, variability studies, synteny mapping, marker-assisted selection of desirable genotypes etc. In this review article, various molecular markers are reviewed with emphasis on specific areas of their application in higher plants.

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Pradhan, D., i Usha Chakraborty. "Time-course accumulation of metabolites and expression of antioxidative enzymes in Glycine max under temperature stress". NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 4, nr 1 (2010): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2010.v04i01.004.

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The development of molecular techniques for genetic analysis has led to a great increase in our knowledge of plant genetics and our understanding of the structure and behaviour of plant genome. During last three decades, several powerful DNA based marker technologies have been developed for the assessment of genetic diversities and molecular marker assisted breeding technology. In plant systems, the prospects of DNA profiling and fingerprinting is becoming indispensable in the context of establishment of molecular phylogeny, assessment of somaclonal variants, characterization of plant genomics, marker- based gene tags, map-based cloning of agronomically important genes, variability studies, synteny mapping, marker-assisted selection of desirable genotypes etc. In this review article, various molecular markers are reviewed with emphasis on specific areas of their application in higher plants.

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Dey, T., i P. D. Ghosh. "Application of molecular markers in plant genome study". NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 4, nr 1 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2010.v04i01.001.

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The development of molecular techniques for genetic analysis has led to a great increase in our knowledge of plant genetics and our understanding of the structure and behaviour of plant genome. During last three decades, several powerful DNA based marker technologies have been developed for the assessment of genetic diversities and molecular marker assisted breeding technology. In plant systems, the prospects of DNA profiling and fingerprinting is becoming indispensable in the context of establishment of molecular phylogeny, assessment of somaclonal variants, characterization of plant genomics, marker- based gene tags, map-based cloning of agronomically important genes, variability studies, synteny mapping, marker-assisted selection of desirable genotypes etc. In this review article, various molecular markers are reviewed with emphasis on specific areas of their application in higher plants.

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Pradhan, D., i Usha Chakraborty. "Time-course accumulation of metabolites and expression of antioxidative enzymes in Glycine max under temperature stress". NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 4, nr 1 (2010): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2010.v04i01.004.

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The development of molecular techniques for genetic analysis has led to a great increase in our knowledge of plant genetics and our understanding of the structure and behaviour of plant genome. During last three decades, several powerful DNA based marker technologies have been developed for the assessment of genetic diversities and molecular marker assisted breeding technology. In plant systems, the prospects of DNA profiling and fingerprinting is becoming indispensable in the context of establishment of molecular phylogeny, assessment of somaclonal variants, characterization of plant genomics, marker- based gene tags, map-based cloning of agronomically important genes, variability studies, synteny mapping, marker-assisted selection of desirable genotypes etc. In this review article, various molecular markers are reviewed with emphasis on specific areas of their application in higher plants.

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Pooler, Margaret R., i A. M. Townsend. "DNA Fingerprinting of Clones and Hybrids of American Elm and Other Elm Species with AFLP Markers". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, nr 3 (1.09.2005): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.3.113.

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Abstract The elms represent a diverse group of widely distributed temperate trees that are valued for forest products as well as landscape plants. Genetic diversity was examined among 43 Ulmus accessions, including 19 accessions of American elm and representatives of seven other species. Data from 135 markers from five AFLP primer pairs were used to estimate genetic similarity among accessions and to construct a UPGMA-derived dendrogram. While the species clusters were generally well-resolved, the relationships among clones and hybrids of American elm were less distinct. Our data provides some evidence to support the hybrid origin of two previously unverified U. parvifolia × U. americana clones, and provides evidence that the new clone N3487 (‘Jefferson’), an elm whose origin has been questioned, is an American elm.

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