Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Division of Organization and Cost Control”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Spis treści
Zobacz listy aktualnych artykułów, książek, rozpraw, streszczeń i innych źródeł naukowych na temat „Division of Organization and Cost Control”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Division of Organization and Cost Control"
1
Cai, Yong. "The use of full-cost refinement management in enterprise economic management". 3C TIC: Cuadernos de desarrollo aplicados a las TIC 13, nr 1 (1.03.2024): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/3ctic.2024.131.139-157.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper firstly structures the control system to ensure that the full-cost refinement management has a basis and forms a closure in the management chain. Secondly, it enhances the project system management, solidifies all the nodes, puts the communication mechanism in front, and ensures the efficient synergy and reasonable division of labor while establishing the efficient management and communication mechanism, so that it is located in the full-cost refinement management. Finally, the AHP method is used to choose the implementation method of the information system, so as to adapt the full-cost refinement management to the needs of each level and realize the application of full-cost refinement management in the economic management of the enterprise. The final simulation results show that the consistency ratio calculations of the decision-making level management organization, the executive level management organization, the basic level production department, and the other learning and growth, CR are 0.017, 0.023, 0.031, and 0.013, respectively, which are all less than 0.1, and pass the consistency test and do not need to be adjusted. It shows that the results of the calculation of the stratified weight assessment of the full-cost refined management provide an effective guarantee for the economic management of the enterprise, and can be found to be unreasonable in the process of practice, and make timely adjustments to solve the problem.
2
Kostyria, O. "Legal regulation of Port State Control". National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, nr 2(46) (14.12.2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2020.2(46).226713.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article deals with the requirements of the International Maritime Organization for the legal regulation of Port State Control, which is an effective mechanism for ensuring the safety of navigation and protecting the environment from marine pollution from vessels.
The need to strengthen control over ships by the port state is determined by the following circumstances – the aging of the world fleet, reduction of ship crews, complication of technical equipment and transportation technology.
A necessary condition for the safety of navigation should be sufficiently complete and strict control in ports over the application of the provisions of international conventions on ships. The purpose of such control is to identify vessels that do not comply with current international standards and take the necessary measures (detention of a vessel in the port, termination of cargo operations, delay in departure) to correct the deficiencies.
The legal basis for such control is the international conventions of the International Maritime Organization and the International Labor Organization. Regional Organization of Port State Control – Paris Memorandum on Port State Control of Ships, was established in 1982 by 14 European countries to coordinate efforts to inspect foreign ships in European ports.
The Paris Memorandum of Understanding Committee on Port State Control on 17 May 2010 at its 43rd session in Dublin, Ireland, finally approved the new inspection regime. A feature of the new inspection regime is the division of ships into three levels of risk: low, medium and high.
The Black Sea Memorandum of Understanding (BS MOU) was established in April 2000. The member countries are Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey and Ukraine. The scope of BS MOU is the geographical coverage of ports located on the Black Sea coast. Currently, the Port State Control procedure is carried out based on the requirements of IMO resolution A.1119 (30).
As the experience of states that have acceded to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions on the safety of navigation shows, flag states did not fully exercise control over compliance with and implementation of the convention requirements. As a result, there has been a significant increase in ship accidents, so further expansion and strengthening of control over ships by the port State of visit becomes an important task for IMO at present.
3
Mineeva, Tatyana A., Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova i Nataliia E. Kalinina. "Value Analysis of the Machine-Building Enterprise Repair Facilities Activities". MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134603021.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article is devoted to the problems of the organizational structure optimization by the method of Value Analysis (VA). The analysis of the control system is of particular relevance in modern conditions. The purpose of this article is to adapt the Value Analysis to the management structure with the possibility of increasing efficiency. VA is a universal and highly effective method for optimizing parameters and other design, technological, organizational, economic characteristics of products, works and services. The hypothesis of the possibility of applying the Value Analysis to the organization of the enterprise subdivision work is considered. The article examines the VA tools using the example of an enterprise's repair service. An organizational structural-element model of the object is being built. Decomposition of functions is carried out. According to the level criterion, the functions are classified into main and auxiliary ones. The significance and functional costs are determined. A functional-cost diagram is constructed, which allows highlighting the functions with the greatest deviations that need to be improved. The VA stages are accompanied by graphical illustrations and tables which allow us to clearly demonstrate the logic of the method application to the work of the enterprise division. As a result, the optimal concept of the organization of the machine-building enterprise structural unit is formed.
4
Hodgkinson, Ian R., M. N. Ravishankar i Michelle Fischer. "The ambidextrous manager: what role does culture play?" Journal of Business Strategy 38, nr 3 (15.05.2017): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-03-2016-0030.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose It is known from research that the right context can help managers develop an ambidextrous approach. But just as few of us are naturally ambidextrous, many managers fail to balance conformity and change during strategy implementation. This paper aims to investigate why. Design/methodology/approach Through a qualitative study of managers of an international airline, the authors examine a series of cultural barriers that constrain managers’ agile decision-making and stop managerial ambidexterity. Findings The authors identify six culturally ingrained practices that block managerial ambidexterity: top management’s unwavering emphasis on cost control when survival hinges on fresh investments; little or no scanning of the environment for new areas of opportunity; intensive planning oriented toward efficiency issues; functional structures characterized by extensive division of labor; centralized control; and formal hierarchical communication channels. Research limitations/implications Managers find it difficult to put into practice new initiatives, particularly when the proposed initiatives counter the underlying cultural world of the organization. The authors suggest that this dark side of culture can pose tough barriers for ambidextrous action. Practical implications There is an urgent need for organizations to be aware of the possible misalignments between ambidextrous pursuits and the cultural forces that actually drive action. A deep understanding of their organization’s cultural universe is a crucial first step for managers aspiring to better engage with ambidexterity and outwit and outperform competitors. Originality/value Different strategic approaches need not be viewed as irreconcilable. If cultural elements do not block it, managerial ambidexterity can showcase innovative approaches to reconciling trade-offs in strategic decision-making.
5
Eber, Wolfgang. "System-theoretical Approach to Fundamental Limits of Controllability in Complex Organization Networks". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1218, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1218/1/012035.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Organisation is fundamentally based on elaborating the equilibrium of two contradicting forces. An increasing degree of separation of work leads to specialisation and therefore significant increase of productivity in terms of time and cost. This advantage is compensated for by the therewith rising effort required to define, shape and delegate the subtasks to the different players and have them well-informed, coordinated and motivated to successfully contribute to the overall project. The well-known and common approaches to optimize division of work are mainly based on strict hierarchical structures like work breakdown structures in order to perfectly identify work-packages and their respective interfaces. Control loops are then established maintaining the certainty to achieve the previously defined results of the subtasks so that they will perfectly fit and will be ready to flawlessly form the total product. However, this traditional approach presupposes perfectly defined stable and separable systems as well as perfectly operating controlling mechanisms. As soon as some imperfection of either of these is given, which can be safely assumed in reality, the method is bound to fail principally. With this paper, we propose a system-theoretical framework modelling in particular a local imperfect however controlled situation and providing the principal limits on a mathematical basis as well as allowing for means for a practical approach. Organisations are represented by slightly contradicting systems while interactions as well as controlling mechanisms are given by first and second order differential equations according to the Theory of Systems. The resulting long-term behavior of the model, optimally avoiding oscillating and probably escalating development, indicates the principal limits of controllability. We find that the concepts of Lean Construction mainly address exactly these requirements and therefore find their formal justification including some quantitative framework.
6
García-Lara, Jorge, Felix Weihs, Xing Ma, Lucas Walker, Roy R. Chaudhuri, Jagath Kasturiarachchi, Howard Crossley, Ramin Golestanian i Simon J. Foster. "Supramolecular structure in the membrane ofStaphylococcus aureus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, nr 51 (7.12.2015): 15725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509557112.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
All life demands the temporal and spatial control of essential biological functions. In bacteria, the recent discovery of coordinating elements provides a framework to begin to explain cell growth and division. Here we present the discovery of a supramolecular structure in the membrane of the coccal bacteriumStaphylococcus aureus, which leads to the formation of a large-scale pattern across the entire cell body; this has been unveiled by studying the distribution of essential proteins involved in lipid metabolism (PlsY and CdsA). The organization is found to require MreD, which determines morphology in rod-shaped cells. The distribution of protein complexes can be explained as a spontaneous pattern formation arising from the competition between the energy cost of bending that they impose on the membrane, their entropy of mixing, and the geometric constraints in the system. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a self-organized and nonpercolating molecular scaffold involving MreD as an organizer for optimal cell function and growth based on the intrinsic self-assembling properties of biological molecules.
7
Tarafder, Nemailal. "A Review on Spinning Processing with Automation". Journal of Applied Sciences and Advancement 1, nr 1 (26.06.2023): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/joasa.2023.1130-34.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Fibre and yarn processing and fabric manufacturing are the two division of textile industry. Electronic controls systems are functioning for optimal running with all machines under proper supervising in step wise improvement in each yarn manufacturing process. Modern automation techniques can manufacture in the textile processing to achieve greater number of smaller manufacturers, who can produce smaller organization to produce cost-effective and quick delivery products. Automation Solutions have their new generation of product lines for expert engineers to serve automation solutions for the whole of the value chain. With the installation of Rieter Automation Solutions from blow room to final packaged yarns, it reduces the number of personnel. Present day automation is used in yarn manufacturing from bale management to processing of cone winding. On one of the major key objectives in textile manufacturing is to improve quality and cost competitiveness. At present, spinning is one of the most applied areas where automation is successful in manufacturing processes. Voltas offers the wide range of machines in spinning processing for products as needed by the spinning industry.
8
Shakirov, Marat Khaidarovich. "Process Approach and Construction of the Database for Non-Core Asset Management in Credit Organizations". Russian Digital Libraries Journal 24, nr 4 (12.09.2021): 710–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/1562-5419-2021-24-4-710-753.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A method for building end-to-end management accounting in a division of the Bank’s subdevision specializing in working with non-core assets is proposed. Has been proposed the process approach, an algorithm for building a database for the formation of key performance and control indicators. Has been described the key stages of the department's work, the attribute composition of entities (set) arriving, enriched and transmitted at each stage of the department's work. By modeling the process has been built a role model, access and editing rights for employees. Data sources (reference books) for optimization and unification of the process of filling the database (tuple) are proposed. A method of accessing the database in the Power Query Microsoft Excel add-in is proposed, which allows you to collect data from files of all basic data types, process and refine the received data. In the interactive programming environment Jupyter Notebook, mathematical and financial models for data analysis (logistic regression, decision tree and discounted cash flow method) were built based on data in order to predict costs, the timing of asset exposure and make a decision on the optimal cost of putting property on the Bank's balance sheet and selling price. Based on ready-made libraries (matpotlib, seaborn, plotly), options for data visualization for management are proposed. Using the example of the Bank's division, the author describes the positive effects and opportunities that open up to the management of different levels in solving day-to-day tasks and planning the activities of the division. A technical task was proposed for the development of a showcase for the sale of non-core assets on the Bank's website as an environment for the accumulation of external data for making flexible management decisions.
9
Pavlov, S., S. Osypenko i R. Kizian. "METHODOLOGY OF FUNCTIONAL-COST ANALYSIS SYSTEMS OF MANAGEMENT OF BODY SECURITY MILITARY UNITS". Scientific journal of the National Academy of National Guard "Honor and Law" 2, nr 81 (2022): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2022/2/81/263795.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The possibility of applying the methodological provisions of the theory of functional-cost analysis (F�A) to justify directions for improving the efficiency of the rear support management system of the military unit is considered. F�A is defined as a method of studying system-type objects (products, services, processes, etc.) complex in terms of construction and connections with the internal and external environment with the aim of ensuring the compliance of the functions of their structural elements with the general purpose of the objects, as well as the cost of resources for implementation these functions. The rear support management system of the military unit as an F�A object is represented as a set of organizationally and functionally separated structural units of the rear and includes the following components (subdivisions): rear management, food service, material service, fuel and lubricant service, housing and operation service and veterinary service (if available). To carry out the F�A of the rear support management system, a single list of functions has been defined for all its divisions: setting goals and objectives, planning, organization, motivation, accounting, control and analysis. Formulated tasks of the F�A of the rear support management system: based on the assessment of the results of the activities of the units of the rear support management system by its units and their functions, the costs of ensuring the activities of the units and the performance of functions, the effectiveness of management activities by units and functions is determined by comparing their contribution to the overall result of the rear operations and costs for their maintenance and implementation, a comparative analysis of efficiency is carried out in order to determine reserves for its improvement and develop measures for their implementation. The proposed scheme for solving the formulated problem, which includes six blocks: calculation of utility indicators by subdivisions and functions of the management system; cost calculation by divisions and functions of the management system; calculation of efficiency indicators by divisions and functions of the management system; analysis of performance indicators by divisions and functions of the management system; determination of reserves for increasing the efficiency of the management system; substantiation of measures to implement reserves, implementation, control, regulation. A scientific and methodological apparatus was formed for the implementation of the proposed scheme.
10
Pan, Fuquan, Jingshuang Li, Hailiang Tang, Changxi Ma, Lixia Zhang i Xiaoxia Yang. "Collaborative Determination Method of Metro Train Plan Adjustment and Passenger Flow Control under the Impact of COVID-19". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (6.01.2023): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021128.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Aiming at the problem of metro operation and passenger transport organization under the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), a collaborative determination method of train planning and passenger flow control is proposed to reduce the train load rate in each section and decrease the risk of spreading COVID-19. The Fisher optimal division method is used to determine reasonable passenger flow control periods, and based on this, different flow control rates are adopted for each control period to reduce the difficulty of implementing flow control at stations. According to the actual operation and passenger flow changes, a mathematical optimization model is established. Epidemic prevention risk values (EPRVs) are defined based on the standing density criteria for trains to measure travel safety. The optimization objectives of the model are to minimize the EPRV of trains in each interval, the passenger waiting time and the operating cost of the corporation. The decision variables are the number of running trains during the study period and the flow control rate at each station. The original model is transformed into a single-objective model by the linear weighting of the target, and the model is solved by designing a particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm (PSO‑GA). The validity of the method and the model is verified by actual metro line data. The results of the case study show that when a line is in the moderate-risk area of COVID-19, two more trains should be added to the full-length and short-turn routes after optimization. Combined with the flow control measures for large passenger flow stations, the maximum train load rate is reduced by 35.18%, and the load rate of each section of trains is less than 70%, which meets the requirements of COVID-19 prevention and control. The method can provide a theoretical basis for related research on ensuring the safety of metro operation during COVID-19.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Division of Organization and Cost Control"
1
Valor, Sabatier Josep. "Mathematical tools and budgetary mechanisms for hospital cost control". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29513.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Sc. D.)--Harvard--Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology Program in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE
Bibliography: leaves 140-146.
by Josep Valor Sabatier.
Sc.D.
2
Kieser, Mark E. "Using value stream mapping as a tool to reduce manufacturing lead-time in the cabinet division at Nor-lake Incorporated". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004kieserm.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródła
3
Sun, Lin S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative ozone control strategies : flexible nitrogen oxide (NOx) abatement from power plants in the eastern United States". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53060.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93).
Ozone formation is a complex, non-linear process that depends on the atmospheric concentrations of its precursors, nitrogen oxide (NOx) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), as well as on temperature and the available amount of sunlight. The dependence of ozone formation on meteorology makes the timing of emissions important, suggesting the need for a temporally differentiated regulation for NOx emissions. Such a flexible NOx regulation policy, so-called "smart trading", which is designed to target ozone episodes by reducing NOx emissions prior to and during forecasted episodes, has the potential for reducing the compliance cost and helping to solve the persistent ozone non-attainment problem in the Eastern United States. However, the total compliance cost of this new policy depends critically on the accuracy of ozone forecasting. This thesis aims to address the question of whether a NOx trading program that differentiates across emissions by time could reduce ozone concentrations more cost-effectively than the conventional command-and-control method in the Eastern U.S. given the uncertainty in ozone forecasting. A cost-effectiveness analysis is conducted to compare the average cost for achieving a certain amount of ozone reduction under the proposed smart trading plan and the command-and-control policy. The probability distribution of the compliance cost under a smart trading policy is simulated using a stochastic decision model based on the simulated electricity generation and air quality data.
(cont.) This study demonstrates the scientific and economic feasibility of a time-differentiated trading scheme. I explore whether such a regulatory design is justifiable with respect to ozone forecast accuracy by conducting sensitivity analysis of ozone prediction errors and discover that uncertainty in ozone forecasting may not be a major limiting factor for the feasibility of a time-differentiated NOx cap-and-trade program.
by Lin Sun.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
4
Some, Eliab Seroney. "Optimising the community effectiveness of insecticide - impregnated bednets used for malaria control in coastal Kenya : implications of perceptions, programme organization, compliance and cost". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402075.
Pełny tekst źródła
5
Friborg, Alexandra, i Renée Hultgren. "Jag lydde bara order : Byråkratins strukturella konsekvenser för tillämpningen av ett Individ- och helhetsperspektiv". Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26177.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this paper, we have studied the consequences of the bureaucratic or-ganizational structure for the individual- and holistic perspective pre-scribed in the Swedish legislation for social work. We have asked what consequences bureaucratic organizational structure in Max Weber’s terms can have for the individual and how it can affect the street level bureaucrats’ work performance. This is a theoretical study using and comparing earlier theoretical and empirical studies. Several organizational aspect of bureaucracy, listed and discussed in this study, makes it more difficult to implement the prescribed individual- and holistic perspective. At the same time it is demonstrated that the very same organizational features gives the street level bureaucrats the tools to an administrative fast and effective process. Bureaucracy can also create loyalty-bonds, demonstrated in this study, which render possible a structure where one closes the eyes to eventual moral dilemmas that may have negative consequences for the client.
6
Kadeřávková, Jitka. "Řízení stavební zakázky". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392254.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is devoted to management of construction contract and the thesis is divided into two parts – theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on familiarizing with some concepts of project management, cost control, time management and risk management. At the end of the theoretical part, there are described types of construction of a family house. Practical part involves applying these principles on the example of the particular construction work contract. It also describes and analyzes organization of construction contract and together with risk management meets the appointed target. The desired output of theses is processing of necessary documents for the management of specific construction contract by house raising.
7
Ho, Teh-kung, i 何德剛. "THE EVALUATION AND ORGANIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR THE INEFFICIENT COST CONTROL IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT－USING CONTRACTOR X AS AN EXAMPLE". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56993964511053947643.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士義守大學
管理研究所碩士班
93
After the Taiwan’s participation in WTO, many major international contractors have entered into the Taiwan’s construction market with the advantages of their predominant engineering technology, construction management, and financial strength. In addition, the construction of public infrastructures and the private investments have been drastically reduced, and the tendered prices have been extremely low by the malign competition among tenderers. Furthermore, the costs of construction materials have been continuously increased over the past years. With all the above factors, the contractor would frequently encounter the unexpected negative impacts and engage in a very difficult construction situation. Consequently, the contractors have to re-adjust his business strategy and it is reasonable that the control and management of the construction cost should be the most important task required a substantial reinforcement. The cost control of construction project is the core mechanism to enhance the contractor’s competitiveness and profitability. The contractors should construct a valuable knowledge database to systematically analyze and summarize all the negative factors affected the cost control. Furthermore, they should set up a platform to fast exchange the information and it can reserve, sort, share and re-use all the above data to avoid the potential damage in advance and effectively control the construction cost. Moreover, the construction industry is a technology / labor intensive one, so the contractor should take the accumulation of the precious technology and experience as his most important asset. Traditionally, most contractors have transferred their experiences by a master – and – apprentice manner. As a result , most of them have been retained in the mind of the masters and the contractors could not effectively transfer them to the company’s asset. In addition, the contractor has to integrate all the information derived from the vertical and horizontal chains of sources through a complicated process. Furthermore, most contractors are used to shuffling site staffs among various construction sites and most of them would be transferred to other sites after the completion of their projects; consequently, the contractor could not effectively maintain all the important as-built records and valuable experiences. With all the above issues, the contractor has to set up a mechanism to effectively manage the construction records which are vital to the cost control of the project. We have got the permission from the Contractor X to perform our research. Firstly, we have selected 40 factors negatively affected the cost control and prevailed at 6 different construction-related phases, including ”The period of the preparation of the tender”, ”The period between the awarded tender and signing the contract”, ”The period between the signed contract and the commencement of the construction”, ”The performance of the construction”, ”The period between the end of the construction and the final inspection”, and ”The process of dispute”. Moreover, we have designed a questionnaire form and tried to find out how the respondent comprehends the importance of the cost control and the application of the Knowledge Management. Secondly, we have conducted thorough interviews with the managers at various levels of construction management and performed Q&A sessions by going through 40 factors. Finally, we have analyzed the feedbacks and made feasible recommendations. There have been many papers and reports focused on the cost control of other manufacturing business along with the research of Knowledge Management. However, our research has only concentrated on the investigation of the factors negatively affected the cost control of the construction project and the establishment of the mechanism to collect and analyze all the construction-related information. Furthermore, the mechanism not only can enhance the effectiveness of the cost control at the construction site, but also may integrate with the systems of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Knowledge Management (KM), etc. Hopefully, our domestic contractors will soon be able to explore the international construction market.
Książki na temat "Division of Organization and Cost Control"
1
Scanlon, William. Prescription drug benefits: Impact of Medicare HMOs' use of formularies on beneficiaries : statement of William J. Scanlon, Director, Health Financing and Public Health Issues, Health, Education, and Human Services Division, before the Special Committee on Ag. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1999.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
2
Office, General Accounting. Force structure: Army needs to further test the light infantry division : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Construction, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
3
Rodrigues, Louis J. Defense acquisition organizations: Linking workforce reductions with better program outcomes : statement of Louis J. Rodrigues, Director, Defense Acquisitions Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, before the Subcommittees on Military Procurement and Military Readiness, Committee on National Security, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
4
United States. General Accounting Office, red. Medicare: Opportunities are available to apply managed care strategies : statement of Janet L. Shikles, Assistant Comptroller General, Health, Education, and Human Services Division, before the Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
5
Shikles, Janet. Medicare: Private payer strategies suggest options to reduce rapid spending growth : statement of Janet L. Shikles, Assistant Comptroller General, Health, Education, and Human Services Division, before the Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
6
United States. General Accounting Office i United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Health, red. Medicare: Private payer strategies suggest options to reduce rapid spending growth : statement of Janet L. Shikles, Assistant Comptroller General, Health, Education, and Human Services Division, before the Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
7
United States. General Accounting Office., red. Medicare: HCFA needs to take stronger actions against HMOs violating federal standards : statement of Janet L. Shikles, Director, Health Financing and Policy Issues, Human Resources Division, before the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1991.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
8
Scanlon, William. Medicare: Private-sector and federal efforts to assess health care quality : statement of William J. Scanlon, Director, Health Financing and Systems Issues, Health, Education, and Human Services Division, before the Older Americans Caucus, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
9
Scanlon, William. Medicare: Progress to date in implementing certain major Balanced Budget Act reforms : statement of William J. Scanlon, Director, Health Financing and Public Health Issues, Health, Education, and Human Services Division, before the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1999.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
10
Scanlon, William. Medicare: Interim payment system for home health agencies : statement of William J. Scanlon, Director, Health Financing and Systems Issues, Health, Education, and Human Services Division, before the Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1998.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Division of Organization and Cost Control"
1
Fenwick, Alan, Wendie Norris i Becky McCall. "The SCI target - low infection rates." W A tale of a man, a worm and a snail: the schistosomiasis control initiative, 199–202. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392558.0016.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The World Health Organization has developed guidelines for counseling national ministries on how best to control schistosomiasis using MDA as a main tool. It also seeks to determine how often to perform treatment and for whom depends on the level of infection in the community. In the past, because limited resources (including the availability of praziquantel), each national government is encouraged to broaden its agenda to find a balance between the frequency of treatment and the use and cost of a rare drug. This chapter discusses schistosomiasis control and elimination strategies.
2
Slama, Dirk. "AIoT in a Global, High-Volume Manufacturing Network (Bosch and Microsoft)". W The Digital Playbook, 355–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88221-1_28.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractBosch Chassis Systems Control (CC) is a division of Bosch that develops and manufactures components, systems and functions in the field of vehicle safety, vehicle dynamics and driver assistance. The products from Bosch CC combine cameras, radar and ultrasonic sensors, electric power steering and active or passive safety systems to improve driver safety and comfort. Bosch CC is a global organization with twenty factories around the world. Very high volumes, combined with a high product variety, characterize Bosch CC production. Large numbers of specially designed and commissioned machines are deployed to ensure high levels of automation. Organized in a global production network, plants can realize synergies at scale (Fig. 31.1).
3
Abu-Siada, Ahmed. "Preface". W Recent Advances in Renewable Energy, i. UAE: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681085425117020001.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Due to the continuous resources’ reduction and cost increase of conventional fossil fuel along with the global trend to decrease the greenhouse effect, clean energy production from renewable sources has been given a global great concern. Among renewable energy sources, wind energy conversion systems have received a worldwide notable attention. It is expected that more than 10% of the global electricity demand will to be generated by wind energy conversion systems by the year 2020. During their early implementation stage, wind turbines were to be disconnected during abnormal and fault conditions within the electricity grid it is connected to. Owing to the fact that current wind installations supply a significant portion of the load demand, disconnecting windfarms may lead to business interruption and discontinuity of power supply to the end user. As such, transmission line operators have developed strict grid codes that wind turbine generator must meet to maintain its connection to support the grid during various fault conditions. To comply with these codes, flexible AC transmission systems have been widely used with current wind energy conversion systems to modulate reactive and/or active power at the point of common coupling of the wind turbine generator and the grid. This book presents the applications of various flexible ac transmission system devices to wind energy conversion systems. Devices such as unified power flow controllers, superconducting magnetic energy storage and static synchronous compensator are covered in this book. Topologies, control systems along with case studies of the aforementioned devices are presented and discussed. This book will be useful for postgraduate research students, upper-division electrical engineering students and practicing engineers.
4
Manachi, Maha, Eyad Chatty, Seham Sulaiman i Zahera Fahed. "General Oncology Care in Syria". W Cancer in the Arab World, 265–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_17.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThe first entity dedicated to cancer was established named “Nuclear Medical Center” with a single radiotherapy unit in 1969. Since then, the concept of oncology has rapidly progressed with the establishment of a division of oncology in the University of Damascus, School of Medicine with six staff members at that time. In 2001, a National Cancer Registry was established with the help of the World Health Organization. Many civil societies related to cancer awareness, early detection, and care of patients bloomed, first being the Syrian Cancer Society.Now cancer diagnosis and treatment facilities are spread all over the county but mainly concentrated in Damascus, Lattakia, and Aleppo. All three main government related medical entities that are the Ministry of Higher Education, Ministry of Health, and the Medical Corps are involved in the process with the help of the private sector also. This progress of course was slowed due to the bloody aggression that engulfed Syria for 10 years of conflict. However, it did not halt the country’s goals and achievements.In 2006, Nuclear Medicine Centre was developed into a comprehensive institution for cancer, Al Bairouni University Hospital (ABUH) to provide free standard of care treatment for all citizens. The Syrian National Committee for cancer control (SNCCC) was established in June 2019 with a mission of strategic planning for better cancer management in collaboration with all stakeholders aiming to raise cancer services to the best possible standard in the post-war era. The chapters’ focus is to discuss cancer care services being provided in the country and future challenges that need to be addressed for high quality oncology care services in Syria.
5
Chuong, Kim H., Amanda Rotella, Elizabeth J. Cooper i Kieran C. O’Doherty. "Public Engagement on Childhood Vaccination: Democratizing Policy Decision-Making Through Public Deliberation". W Democratizing Risk Governance, 271–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24271-7_11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractImmunization is considered one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions by the World Health Organization, preventing an estimated 2 to 3 million deaths per year globally (WHO, 2018). From a public health perspective, there is growing concern that vaccination rates are insufficient to effectively control the spread of infectious diseases. From a public trust perspective, there is increasing doubt in some groups of the claims made about vaccination by authorities. Active and meaningful public engagement in health service delivery and health research is considered essential to quality improvement of health services, greater responsiveness to public needs, and more legitimate, transparent, and accountable decision-making. Public engagement through deliberative processes has garnered increasing interest from public health researchers and policy makers on a number of health-related topics, including priority setting, planning and governance of health services, and health technology assessment (Degeling et al., 2015). Calls for deliberative approaches relating to vaccine-related policy decisions have also been made. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there has not been any official, government-sponsored public engagement event for members of the public in Ontario to deliberate on the topic of childhood vaccination. In this chapter, we begin by providing a brief overview of the current regulatory context in Ontario with regard to childhood vaccination. We then outline the Ontario Vaccine Deliberation, an academic-led project in which a lay public was convened to discuss challenges and controversies regarding childhood vaccination in Ontario, and the recommendations that were generated and endorsed by the participants through small and large group discussions during the deliberation. We draw on the Ontario Vaccine Deliberation, as well as scholarly literature, to illustrate the importance of engaging publics in decision-making about childhood vaccination. We focus our discussion on the main issues that were raised during the deliberation, namely mandatory vaccination and non-medical exemptions, communication about vaccination, and compensation for serious adverse events following immunization. The chapter includes an appendix that examines the application of democratization processes through public deliberation to the COVID-19 pandemic.
6
Rawat, Shweta, i Sanjay Kumar. "The Feasibility Study of Green Microalgae Assisted Coal Mine Effluent Desalination". W Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022), 255–67. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_25.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractCarbon-neutral sustainable approaches are highly demanding in the coal energy sector. Coal mine effluent disposal is a severe challenge with crucial concern issues of salinity hazard and heavy metal contamination due to long-duration water and coal interaction. The medium to the high salinity of coal mine effluent leads towards irrigation unsuitability due to the negative impact upon infiltration and permeability of nutrients from the soil to plant. Focusing on the international irrigation water quality standards given by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, most coal mine effluents are considered negatively impacting crops, soil fertility, groundwater, and aquatic life. Therefore, the current study investigates the direct cultivation suitability of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to simultaneously treat coal mine effluent for salinity removal and biomass production. Initially, C. pyrenoidosa culture adaptation in varying concentrations of coal mine effluents (25%–100%) in coal mine effluent, which are collected from two different points of coal mine named as coal mine effluent 1 (CME1) and coal mine effluent 2 (CME2). Evaluating C. pyrenoidosa growth kinetics, it was observed that the doubling time extended from 2.25 days (100% BG-11 as a medium; control) to 4.33 days (100% CME as a medium). Interestingly, the highest value for biomass production was 1.78 ± 0.12 g/ L with 25% CME 1 supplemented with essential growth nutrients; this value lies near 100% BG11 supplemented growth, 1.81 ± 0.05 g/L. In the current study, taking salinity removal as a prime concern, 100% utilization of CME-2 in place of BG-11 medium was very significant for salinity reduction from 4.80 ± 0.50 mS/cm (initial) to 0.98 ± 0.02 mS/cm (final) during 14 days batch growth. In continuation of that, the significant finding was salinity reduction of both samples (50% and 75% sample) to the level of 0.7 mS/ cm, which lies under the FAO guidelines for irrigation. Present findings also revealed an alternative to conventional processes, i.e., thermal and membrane desalination. Microalgae-assisted desalination is a novel, energy-efficient, eco-sustainable, cost-effective, and long-term operational approach. It has good potential to treat medium to sub-optimal salinity of coal mine effluent coupled with high-value biomass production.
7
Johnson, Nancy. "Case Study of the St. Paul Companies' Virtual Office for the Risk Control Division". W Telecommuting and Virtual Offices, 148–61. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-79-7.ch009.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The St. Paul Companies has successfully implemented a virtual office (VO) working environment for its construction risk control and commercial risk control employees over the past six years. The program goals of operating more cost-effectively, increasing contact of the risk control specialists with their customers, and reducing office space costs for The St. Paul Companies have been met. There are many good practices that have been developed over the six years of offering the program, and more refinements and changes planned. As the communications and computer technologies advance, facilitation of working from remote sites improves. While it is easier for employees to work from remote sites, maintaining the boundaries between work and personal lives is more challenging. Improving the VO employees’ and corporate employees’ understanding of the others’ working conditions is necessary to improve relationships and the acceptance of change. The concept of VO work is well established within the organization, and the demand for it is growing.
8
"Front-End Planning and Project Organization". W Effective Project Management Through Applied Cost and Schedule Control, 419–32. CRC Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273519-19.
Pełny tekst źródła
9
Bertoni, Michele, Bruno De Rosa, Guido Grisi i Alessio Rebelli. "Linking Cost Control to Cost Management in Healthcare Services". W Health Economics and Healthcare Reform, 185–219. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3168-5.ch012.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The issue of healthcare costs has become increasingly problematic over the years. This chapter summarizes the problems faced by hospitals when measuring the costs of healthcare treatments, explaining how an Activity-Based Costing (ABC) framework can be successfully adopted in healthcare settings. After describing the theoretical foundations of cost control and cost management, the chapter continues with the analysis of three real-life applications of ABC in a hospital, drawn from the process analysis and activity-based costing experience developed at the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” (Joint Hospitals) of Trieste, Italy. In particular, the cases are about cost measurement in cardiology, odontostomatology, and radiology, and describe the technical solutions applied for computing the costs of selected therapeutic and diagnostic treatments. A particular emphasis is placed on how these measures have been subsequently used by hospital managers and medical personnel in order to gain insights and to improve the efficiency of the processes developed within the organization.
10
Bertoni, Michele, Bruno De Rosa, Guido Grisi i Alessio Rebelli. "Linking Cost Control to Cost Management in Healthcare Services". W Handbook of Research on Global Business Opportunities, 432–68. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6551-4.ch021.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The issue of healthcare costs has become increasingly problematic over the years. This chapter summarizes the problems faced by hospitals when measuring the costs of healthcare treatments, explaining how an Activity-Based Costing (ABC) framework can be successfully adopted in healthcare settings. After describing the theoretical foundations of cost control and cost management, the chapter continues with the analysis of three real-life applications of ABC in a hospital, drawn from the process analysis and activity-based costing experience developed at the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” (Joint Hospitals) of Trieste, Italy. In particular, the cases are about cost measurement in cardiology, odontostomatology, and radiology, and describe the technical solutions applied for computing the costs of selected therapeutic and diagnostic treatments. A particular emphasis is placed on how these measures have been subsequently used by hospital managers and medical personnel in order to gain insights and to improve the efficiency of the processes developed within the organization.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Division of Organization and Cost Control"
1
Cui, Yi, Zhilong Hu, Kangyao Deng i Qifu Wang. "Miller Cycle-Regulatable Two Stage Turbocharging System Design of Marine Diesel Engines". W ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92036.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Satisfying the coming International Marine Organization (IMO) NOx emissions requirements and regulations is the main focus of attention in marine engine design. Miller cycle, which reduces in-cylinder combustion temperature by reducing effective compression ratio, is the main measure to reduce NOx specific emissions on the cost of volumetric efficiency and engine power. Therefore, it is essential to combine Miller cycle with highly boosted turbocharging system, for example, two stage turbocharing, to recover the power. In this paper, different two stage turbocharging system scenarios are introduced and compared. The system design and matching process is presented. A multi-zone combustion model based one dimensional cycle simulation model is established. The intake valve closure timing and the intake exhaust valves overlap duration are optimized according to the IMO NOx emission limits by the simulation model. The high and low stage turbochargers are selected by an iterative matching method. Then the control strategies of the boost air and the high stage turbine bypass valves are also studied. As an example, a Miller cycle-regulatable two stage turbocharging system is designed for a type of highly boosted high speed marine diesel engine. The results show that the NOx emissions can be reduced 30% and break specific fuel consumption can also be improved by means of moderate Miller cycle combined with regulatable two stage turbocharing.
2
Manivannan, P. V., i A. Ramesh. "Low Cost Engine Management System (EMS) for the Cost Sensitive Two-Wheeler Application: Idle Speed and A/F Ratio Control Using PID and Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithms". W ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2007-1717.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this work an Engine Management System (EMS) using a low cost 8-bit microcontroller specifically for the cost sensitive small two-wheeler application was designed and developed. Only the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) and the cam position sensor (also used for speed measurement) were used. A small capacity 125CC four stroke two-wheeler was converted into a Port Fuel Injected (PFI) engine and was coupled to a fully instrumented Eddy Current Dynamometer. Air-fuel ratio was controlled using the open loop, lookup-table [speed (N) and throttle (α)] based technique. Spark Time was controlled using a proportional / fuzzy logic based close loop control algorithm for the idle speed control to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Test results show a significant improvement in engine performance over the original carbureted engine, in terms of fuel consumption, emissions and idle speed fluctuations. The Proportional controller resulted in significantly lower speed fluctuations and HC / CO emissions than the fuzzy logic controller. Though the fuzzy logic controller resulted in low cycle by cycle variations than the original carbureted engine, it leads to significantly higher HC levels. The performance fuzzy logic can be improved by modifying the membership function shapes with more engine test data.
3
Kim, Ho-Young, i Jae-Hung Han. "Wind-Turbine Vibration Reduction Using Flow Control Devices". W ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69569.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The size of wind turbine blades has been continuously increased for better aerodynamic efficiency. However, the large scale blades induce loud noise and vibration as well as the increased difficulty in maintenance; all of these eventually causes the increase in the cost of energy. The vibration of wind turbines is mainly caused by wind turbulence, wind shear, and tower shadow. These causes change in local angle of attack of wind turbine blades and create mostly periodic vibration. In this work, a flow control device is applied for vibration reduction of wind turbine blades. The conventional role of flow control devices is to increase lift coefficient and to reduce drag coefficient by flow separation delay. In this research, flow control device is used to make a flat slope of lift coefficient in specific angle of attack range for vibration reduction; lift coefficient is not always increased but also decreased, too. To manipulate the lift coefficient slope, several types of flow separation controller are considered. Finally, a plasma actuator is selected because the minimal structural modification is necessary while providing sufficient lift coefficient control. The plasma actuator is attached to an airfoil to blow the jet upwind to decrease the lift. Computational fluid dynamics simulation is conducted to estimate the flow control performance of the plasma actuator. Experiments are conducted on a DU35-A17 airfoil to verify the lift coefficient manipulation performance of the plasma actuator.
4
Ponti, Fabrizio. "In-Cylinder Pressure Measurement: Requirements for On-Board Engine Control". W ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0666.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
During these last years, passenger vehicles have been equipped with an increasing number of sensors, in an effort to monitor and control their behavior in terms of global performance and emissions. This, together with constantly increasing Electronic Control Unit (ECU) computing power and data storage capabilities, allowed the development of more efficient engine–vehicle control strategies. In this perspective, new sensors will be employed as soon as their use will be shown to be necessary to design new engine control and diagnostic strategies, and their cost and expected life will be compatible with on-board application. A sensor that has been largely studied in recent years is the in-cylinder pressure one: advanced engine control strategies that make use of the signal coming from such a sensor have been investigated, while reliable and low-cost sensors are being developed to survive for the vehicle life the harsh on-board environment. The signal coming from the in-cylinder pressure is in fact very rich in information and could be used for example to improve engine torque management (by directly computing the instantaneous indicated torque), to improve Air/Fuel Ratio (AFR) control, misfire and knock detection capabilities, engine emission estimation (to be used for DeNOX catalysts purging management as an example), residual gas fraction estimation, … Many sensor concepts have been developed, although none seems to actually meet both the precision and low-cost requirements necessary for on-board application. This work deals with defining the sensor precision characteristics necessary to effectively implement the aforementioned engine control and diagnostic capabilities improvements. In particular it will be shown that only the low-frequency signal content has to be precisely measured and is critical for certain application. In addition the importance of a correct reference of the in-cylinder pressure signal is discussed, and a novel methodology to quickly obtain this information once the engine has been setup with a proper in-cylinder pressure sensor is discussed.
5
Curiac, Radu S., i Sumit Singhal. "Magnetic Noise in Induction Motors". W ASME 2008 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2008-73077.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Noise in large high voltage induction motors (500Hp–18000Hp) may be airborne or magnetic in nature. Usually, large high voltage induction motors are custom built and tailored to meet customer’s demand. Since every motor is unique in its design, it is imperative to predict accurately the magnetic noise generation during design phase, this way avoiding expensive rework cost and not loosing the customer confidence. Stator – rotor mechanical design, along with careful electrical coil design, can significantly cut down magnetic noise in an induction motor. This paper discusses the various causes and control of magnetic noise in large induction motors. Theoretical noise predictions in large induction motors, along with measured experimental noise data, are presented.
6
Atif, Rao, Chenwei Ma, Wensheng Song, Mannan Hassan, Cristian Garcia i Jose Rodriguez. "Computationally Efficient and Weighting Factorless Predictive Current Control of Three-Level PMSM Drives by Cost Function Division". W 2024 IEEE 10th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2024-ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipemc-ecceasia60879.2024.10567899.
Pełny tekst źródła
7
Corti, Enrico. "Eddy Current Brake Control for Test Cycles Simulation". W ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0670.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
On-vehicle (rolls dynamometer or road) tests are usually more expensive and time-consuming than test bench ones. Furthermore, sometimes results would be useful during vehicles design phase. The paper aim is to present a methodology that allows simulating the vehicle on an engine test cell, by properly controlling the bench actuators. Engine operating conditions mainly depend on speed and load, which are determined by the vehicle driving conditions: the speed-time trend assigned for the vehicle must be converted into equivalent speed-time and load-time trends for the engine, and used for feedback control of brake and accelerator actuators. To evaluate the engine load torque it is necessary to know vehicle characteristics (mass, gear ratios, wheels radius, drag coefficient, frontal area, etc.) and driving conditions: the real vehicle can thus be substituted with a virtual vehicle. The methodology has been applied to simulate an ECE-EUDC driving cycle, which is usually carried out on the rolls dynamometer, as imposed by regulations. During such test the vehicle has to follow an assigned speed-time trajectory, while road load and vehicle inertia are simulated and calibrated using a standard procedure. The test is subject to human error, since the driver does not follow exactly the theoretical speed trend, while using robot-drivers increases the setup cost. The same test has been reproduced on a standard engine bench. This setup would be useful to tune the engine correctly and to study the effects of vehicle characteristics variation, thus allowing to determine the correct strategy for emissions reduction, or to estimate the vehicle emission performance, before it is available for chassis dynamometer tests. The same system could be used for real time implementation of control strategies involving both the vehicle and the engine, such as traction control algorithms. Furthermore driving conditions simulations, executed by electronically controlling engine speed and load trajectories, would be more repeatable than human driving on the chassis dynamometer, and their cost would be substantially smaller. The paper shows how the vehicle speed trend can be converted into engine speed and load trends with a physical system model, and then used to control the bench using a real time control system, thus performing a vehicle driving cycle simulation.
8
Cai, Liang-Wu. "Some Preliminary Results for Highway Noise Barrier Designs Based on Acoustic Band Gap Phenomenon". W ASME 2008 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2008-73090.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Noise is one of major annoyances in modern life. Studies have shown that the most pervasive sources of noise in our environment today are those associated with transportation, among which highway traffic noise is a dominant one. Traditional highway noise barriers are solid obstructions built along the sides of the highway, at an average cost of 1 million dollars per mile. In this paper, a new design was proposed, based on the phononic band gap phenomenon. The new design uses either a hollowed wall structure or an array of discrete columns in place of a solid wall. It is anticipated that such new designs will provide more effective noise shielding at the target frequency range, and yet reduces the structural requirement for the foundation support of the barrier wall. Preliminary simulation results are presented for a number of different configurations of the wall designs, and their relative advantages and shortcoming are compared.
9
Bajer, Andrzej. "Mode-Based Frequency Response Analysis With Frequency-Dependent Material Properties". W ASME 2008 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2008-73051.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A new algorithm for mode-based frequency response analysis, which takes into account frequency-dependent material properties, is proposed. First, the projection subspace is determined by computing the eigenmodes of the system. If the AMLS-type eigensolver is used and the frequency-dependent material is confined to a limited area (often less than 1% of the whole model), eigenmodes are computed only in the region with the frequency-dependent material. Next, during the frequency response analysis portions (corresponding to the frequency-dependent material) of the stiffness, viscous damping, and structural damping operators are computed and projected onto the modal subspace. The original contribution of this paper is the algorithm, which augments the projected operators (stiffness, viscous damping, or structural damping) by the contributions from the area with the frequency-dependent material properties without the need to recompute the operator over the whole domain. This algorithm was successfully implemented in a commercial finite element code, Abaqus 6.8. The results for a vehicle body-in-prime model show good agreement with a direct-solution frequency response analysis. In the addition, the cost of the proposed algorithm is a fraction of the directsolution analysis.
10
Faivre, Vincent, i Thierry Poinsot. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Jet Control for Combustion Applications". W ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31040.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of the present study is to quantify experimentally the effects of forcing on the aerodynamic field in a model configuration : a non reactive jet of air. Such configurations are found in many combustion systems and constitute basic elements for many active control strategies. In the present work, jet control is achieved by adding either steady or pulsated swirl to the main jet through the actuators system. Results show that one of the strongest effects of the actuator is to enhance the mixing of the jet with the ambient fluid. This effect can be noted even if the flow rate in the actuator is low. A second aspect of research for this actuator is to use it in an unsteady regime to use smaller flow rates and minimize the control cost.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Division of Organization and Cost Control"
1
Hackbarth, Carolyn, i Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...
2
Soldano, Miguel, Michelle Fryer, Euric Allan Bobb, Renato Puch, Alayna Tetreault, Jonathan Rose, Pablo Alonso i in. Evaluation of the Results of the Realignment. Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010579.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Realignment defined four key goals to respond to a perceived loss of Bank relevance and presence in LAC: sharpening sector focus and expertise, sharpening country focus, strengthening risk- and results-based management, and enhancing institutional efficiency. To achieve these goals, it proposed adjustments to the Bank's structure, processes, and human resources and incentives which included, among other things, the introduction of a new matrix organization, the delegation of additional responsibilities to country offices and project team leaders, the updating of operational and corporate processes, and changes in staffing and HR policies. This evaluation concludes that the Realignment's underlying direction toward a matrix structure and greater decentralization were appropriate, but it has not yet achieved all of its objectives. There are several noteworthy trends on the positive side. The technical skills of Bank staff have improved, the capacity to generate and disseminate knowledge has increased, and more authority has been delegated to country representatives and team leaders, bringing IDB closer to the client. The collaboration between staff in the same sector in country offices and headquarters has increased, as has the continuity of project team membership over the project cycle. However, the matrix is not yet functioning well. VPC has limited authority and few mechanisms to coordinate Bank inputs at the country level to ensure delivery of a coherent and efficient program. VPS and VPP have limited opportunity or incentive to bring their knowledge and influence to bear in country strategy and programming. Sector silos are tall and the pressures to lend and disburse greater than ever. As a result, the Bank and its borrowing countries are not reaping the full potential gains from cross-matrix coordination and collaboration in country strategy and program formulation, project design and implementation, and knowledge sharing. Moreover, the evaluation did not find conclusive evidence of improved efficiency. Some processes (such as quality control at the project level) appear unnecessarily time-consuming and uncertain, and the lack of full cost accounting or binding budget constraints for task teams weakens incentives for the efficient use of resources. The report offers five broad recommendations: (i) to enhance country focus, further strengthen the country program management function in country offices; (ii) to enhance inter-VP coordination and country program coherence, strengthen the role of VPS and VPP in country strategy-setting and programming; (iii) To enhance development effectiveness, strengthen mechanisms for quality control of Bank operational products; (iv) to enhance efficiency, continue to strengthen budget processes and information systems to ensure full and accurate cost accounting; and, (v) to promote effectiveness and efficiency, fill a significantly higher share of management positions through transparent competitive processes. Under each recommendation the evaluation proposes specific measures Bank management should consider (among other options) to move in the directions recommended.
3
13th Meeting of the Global Steering Committee of the Global Framework for the Progressive Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs), Report of the hybrid meeting, 16–17 January 2023. WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/woah.3399.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The 13th Global Steering Committee meeting (GSC13) of the Global Framework for the progressive control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs) was opened by the Director of Animal Production and Health Division (NSA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Dr Thanawat Tiensin, and the Director General of World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), Dr Monique Eloit; they both expressed the commitment of their respective organisations to the GF-TADs and called for increased collaboration at global as well as regional level.
4
Mexico: Strengthen education on adolescent reproductive health. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2003.1007.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Unprotected sex among Mexico’s young people often leads to unplanned pregnancy and unwanted births as well as risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. From 1999 to 2002, FRONTIERS worked with the nongovernmental organization MEXFAM to test the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost of community-, clinic-, and school-based interventions to improve the reproductive health (RH) of youth aged 10–19. Eight cities were selected as intervention sites, and four as control sites. In the intervention sites, researchers worked with coordinators and “multipliers”—local community members such as teachers, community leaders, health-care providers, and peer educators—who taught courses on adolescent RH. In the community intervention, multipliers conducted outreach through events such as plays, sports events, parades, and concerts. In the clinic-based component, providers offered youth-friendly services at their health facilities. Four of the intervention cities also received a school-based intervention. As concluded in this brief, young people in Mexico have a general knowledge of RH, but their weak understanding of reproductive physiology and STIs makes them vulnerable to the consequences of risky behavior. Program managers should strengthen education on adolescent RH for both young people and service providers.