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Sangtam, Nohochem. "Solid Waste Audit and Characterization Study at Tuensang Town Nagaland". Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, nr 06 (19.06.2023): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2023.v11i06.002.
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Today scenario improper waste management causes serious pollution and health risk, which is the main concerning environmental management in developing countries. In most cities, the use of open dumps is common for the disposal of wastes, resulting in soil and water resource contamination. The study carried from March to May 2023.A Total of 30 households were studied for data collection (210 samples) from three types of family, low income, medium income and high income family using the random sample, out of 15 wards,8 wards were used for the sample selection. The study shows that the majority of the residents are very much concerned about the poor condition of the environment due to the inappropriate and improper SWM in Tuensang town. The residents are not much satisfied with the service of the town council in regard with SWM dumping in the hearts of Tuensang. There is no scientific engineered solid waste disposal site in the Tuensang town and the results can be a starting point in planning for such. This paper give the total waste generation in the household level, weekly and yearly per capita per day and and also give the types of solid waste generation in the town. Based on the findings of the study, researcher proposes that district and town needs to provide proper solid waste segregation awareness to the general citizen to every household. It may also encouraged citizens not to dispose of their household wastes randomly.
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Mshelia, Alfred D. "Assessment Of Hair Barbing Salon Waste Management Practices In Bama Township Of Borno State, Nigeria". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, nr 5 (31.05.2015): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss5.367.
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The study assessed hair barbing salon Waste Management Practices in Bama. A set of questionnaire was administered to barbing salon proprietors to obtain their current barbing salon waste management styles, viz a viz the types of waste generated and methods of waste disposal. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively and reveals hair as the dominant waste generated in barbing salon operations. The hair wastes are swept and packed using coconut brooms and plastic hand shovel and stored in paper cartons. They are hence disposed on weekly or monthly basis or whenever cartons are filled up at refuse disposal points along streets within the neigbourhood, outskirt of the town, a large trench left behind by Cubits Civil Engineering Construction Company and the Yedseram river valley or at best burnt or buried. The adoption of these disposal techniques is more or less the same technique used in the disposal of all forms of refuse in the study area where wastes are disposed with impunity. In the same vein, there is a significant level of awareness of the impact of salon waste management practices on the environment/society by perpetrators. The study recommended steps for better barbing salon waste management to include salon waste reuse and recycling by researching into how barbing salon wastes can be a resource.
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A. Adam, Belal Abdallah, Ahmed Abd el-gader i IsameldeinAwdalla Abdelrhman. "HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO FINAL DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE IN ZALINGY TOWN - CENTRAL DARFUR STATE – SUDAN 2015". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, nr 11 (30.11.2016): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i11.2016.2424.
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Developing countries face serious environmental challenges concerning solid waste management due to rapid urban development. Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste in dumpsites located within urban areas has proved to be a problem to nearby residents in most developing cities of the world, Open dumps have environmental safeguards; they can pose major public health threats and environmental effects in urban cities The Research aimed to determine the environmental and health impacts of solid waste disposal at Zalingy Town. After determined of sample size then (130 persons) were selected randomly by using a questionnaire tool which designed according to objectives of this study, then obtained data were analyzed by using SPSS & Excel programmes, the main results of this study are: 93% of study population do not know dangerous of solids wastes and its impact on their health, The study showed that 56% of study population dispose from their solid wastes by open burning and 30% of them dispose by throw it directly in near environment and weakness of law and legislations that judge solid waste . then the study recommended by the following : establish effective solid waste management programme and support it with regulations and laws, increase environmental education about solid waste in study area, modern method should be used for solid wastes disposal such as landfill.
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Li, Ying, Shao Hua Xv i Jing Zhou. "Precaution Policy and Investigation on Pollution Status of Rural Domestic Waste in Beijing". Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (maj 2011): 3854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3854.
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By investigating 18 villages of a town in Beijing, some pollution problems are shown as follows: collection and management system of waste is incomplete and the villagers know little about environment protection; garbage cans, many of which are damaged and lost, are far more to meet the disposal demand of increasing solid wastes; insufficient collecting vehicles run inefficiently, and simple landfill is the only disposal way. In the end, related countermeasures are put forward basing on analysis of region status.
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Gitobu, Kenneth muriungi, Maryjoy Kaimuri, Erastus Mwangi i Caroline Karani. "Methods of pharmaceutical waste management disposal practiced in sanitation value chain by community pharmacies and households in Nkubu town". African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences 1, nr 2 (23.12.2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v1i2.13.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Pharmaceutical Waste Management (PWM) has emerged as a challenging issue, with both health and environmental negative impacts. The study assessed the common methods of pharmaceutical waste management disposal in Nkubu town among community pharmacies and households in the sanitation service chain. Problemstatement: Increasing disease incidence and prevalence necessitate healthcare practitioners to prescribe and dispense different medications. According to World Health Organization (WHO2010), more than half of all medications are inappropriately prescribed and sold, which causes unnecessary storage in community pharmacies (CPs) and households creating environmental threats that jeopardize efficiency of sanitation service chain. Methods: The study area was Nkubu town, where data was collected by use of structured questionnaires. size was 19 community pharmacies and 380 households. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results are presented in tables. Results: The study showed that 23.9% (n=91) of the households use pit latrines while 73.5% (n=14) of the community pharmacies use burning as the common methods of pharmaceutical waste disposal. Conclusion: The common method of pharmaceutical waste disposal being practiced in community pharmacies was burning while for households was emptying in the pit latrine. Disposal of unwanted pharmaceutical products through unsafe methods along the sanitation chain was prevalent among the respondents. Recommendation: There is need to create public awareness and establish educational programs regarding management and handling of unwanted pharmaceutical wastes among community pharmacies and households in Nkubu town. Key words: community pharmacies, household, pharmaceutical waste, pharmaceutical waste management , Sanitation, sanitation value chain.
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Obodovskyi, Ivan, i Viacheslav Morozov. "THE PROJECT OF FURNACE FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTES DISPOSAL". Problems of Friction and Wear, nr 1(98) (1.03.2023): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/0370-2197.1(98).17364.
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The article describes the real existing project of the furnace performed on the facilities of the Secret-Service metal works company located in the Kyiv Region. It was ordered by a local waste disposal company that imports RDF and accepts garbage from the vicinity and produces RDF by itself as well. The purpose of this article is to show the opportunities of application of the quite simply designed furnace for the purposes of wastes disposal either on enterprises or within a range of an average town. The current project was implemented in reality, allowing getting rid of industrial and household garbage within the ecologic laws of the Ukraine, including the disposal of plastics, rubber, packages, etc. The proposed example of successful pyrolysis technology application in the furnace can be a good basis for further research dedicated to the creation of more advanced furnaces’ types and also to the creation of the additional afterburner furnace.
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Zeiss, Chris. "Hazardous material loading to municipal landfills in resource-based communities". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, nr 3 (1.06.1993): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-059.
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Landfills in rural, resource-based communities are receiving unknown quantities of potentially hazardous materials, including household hazardous wastes (HHHW) and industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) wastes in self-hauled and collection vehicle loads. Rural generation and disposal rates are expected to be higher than in urban areas.The research program was conducted in a resource-based community consisting of a town of about 5500 residents and the surrounding rural area with an equal number of residents in Alberta. The research objective was to determine the weight fraction of hazardous materials in the refuse through physical sampling of the waste stream at the community landfill. Over a 1-year period (1991), large collection vehicle loads and self-hauled private and ICI loads from the town and the rural area were sampled during 1 week in each season using a two-staged systematic random sampling design to measure the average weight fraction and variation by season and by type of load. The results show the annual average weight fraction of hazardous materials to be 6.7% with a 95% confidence interval of 4.0% to 9.4%. Seasonal differences are apparent, but are not significant. Self-hauled ICI and rural wastes tend to contain higher percentages of potentially hazardous materials, but the variation is also higher so the values are not significantly different from those from the town. The detected materials consist mainly of oily wastes (debris, oil containers, and vehicle oil filters), other automotive products, and paints. As a result, the hazardous material content of rural community refuse appears to be substantially higher than the 0.3% to 1.0% reported for HHHW in urban refuse streams. While the rural composition suggests that vehicle and home maintenance contribute some of the difference, this study also shows that ICI wastes and self-hauled loads contribute noticeable quantities of potentially hazardous materials. The results suggest that it is essential for rural communities to consider waste management alternatives for potentially hazardous materials because rural waste streams contain significantly higher percentages and because rural landfills are often not designed to as high a standard as large urban facilities. Key words: household hazardous waste, ICI waste, waste stream analysis, rural landfills, refuse waste stream.
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David, A. O., A. O. David, O. O. Odagbodo, O. T. Opafola, G. M. Amusan, A. A. Badejo i O. S. Olaniyan. "Assessment of solid waste management in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Technology 42, nr 2 (11.08.2023): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v42i2.18.
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The rapid rate of population growth and urbanization has impacted the management of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and is increasingly becoming a major concern in many cities in developing countries. Insufficient area coverage for wastes collection, processing system, and unsuitable disposal all appear to be the causal factors. This paper discussed the current situation of solid waste management in Ota municipality as well as the challenges and associated problems. Structured questionnaires, interviews and on-site observations were used for data generation, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that 28.6% of the respondents incinerate their wastes, while 27.6% of the respondents dispose theirs to public waste bins. About 11.4% deposit their wastes by the road side, while 6.4% dump their wastes in drainages and water bodies. Most respondents incinerate their wastes which would impact negatively on the ozone layer. Results also indicated that 54.3% of the respondents have their wastes disposed regularly, while 66% do not sort their wastes which make them difficult to manage. The city's single dump site was visited in order to have a better understanding of the existing solid waste management measures in place. Other illegal waste dumps in the town were also visited. In order to address the difficulties of solid waste management in the municipality, it is recommended that the state government engage additional Private Service Provider (PSP) operatives to assist with waste collection and transportation, provide suitable facilities, machinery, and equipment, and launch a public awareness campaign
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Saleh, A., i A. Ahmed. "Solid Waste Management Practice and Challenges in Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 3, nr 2 (październik 2019): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2019.02.0139.
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This paper presents an overview of the current solid waste management practices in Gashua town and provides a brief discussion on future challenges. Gashua town the headquarters of Bade Local Government Area since 1949. Since then the population has mainly due to the influx of people and its strategic location along the axial route to significant towns in the state. Wastes are generated mainly from residential, commercial and institutional land uses. Waste collection sites are strategically situated as identified by the agency and designated as high waste generating points, metal waste bins and constructed waste bunkers. The contents of these bins are finally disposed of at a location 6kilometres away from the generating points. Spatial data on waste distribution was collected using a global positioning system (GPS). The data was manipulated and processed using a Geographic information system (GIS) to produce the waste distribution map. Findings revealed that the existing solid waste management system is inefficient as the present practice relies on monthly collection and disposal of waste using an open dumpsite.
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Uddin, Mohammad Nasir, Mohammad Rashedul Islam i Khadiza Yesmin. "Knowledge on Hospital Waste Management among Senior Staff Nurses Working in a Selected Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh". Journal of Waste Management 2014 (17.08.2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/573069.
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Background. Healthcare wastes include all types of wastes generated by healthcare establishments. Waste disposal problem is growing with an ever-increasing number of hospitals, clinics, and diagnostic laboratories in Bangladesh and also in Faridpur town. Aim and Objective. The outcomes of this study will contribute to increase proper waste management practice among nurses in Bangladesh. Methods. A descriptive type of cross sectional study design was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding hospital waste management among senior staff nurses working in Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. All respondents (n=125) were selected by random sampling. Results. In the answer of knowledge about general waste only 4% (n=5) gave all correct answers. In the answer of knowledge about infectious waste 63.2% (n=79) gave one correct answer, of knowledge about pharmaceutical waste only 8% (n=10) gave all correct answers, and of knowledge about biomedical waste only 7.2% (n=9) gave all correct answers. In the answer of knowledge about color coded bins collecting waste 53.6% (n=67) cannot give any correct answer and only 46.4% (n=58) gave all correct answers and of knowledge about the safe disposal of hospital waste 16% (n=8) could not give any correct answer. However, against all questions were 5 options. Conclusion. Knowledge about hospital waste and its management is very poor among senior staff nurses. As a recommendation to improve this situation continuous training should be made compulsory for healthcare personnel specially staff nurses working in Bangladesh.
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Sankar, P. Jayendira. "Effectiveness of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Tamil Nadu with Special Reference to Thiruvallur District". International Review of Business and Economics 1, nr 3 (2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.5.
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The study is aimed to identify the effectiveness of solid waste management in Tamil Nadu with special reference to Thiruvallur District. “In recent times, the continuous increase of solid waste is a serious problem with the urban and rural areas. The rapid growth of population and increasing per-capita income has resulted in the generation of enormous solid waste posing a serious threat to environmental quality and human health. Improper disposal of waste often results in spread of diseases and contamination of water bodies and soils. The impacts on these wastes on the economy cannot be ignored and managing them has become a major problem. Municipal solid waste management continues to be a major challenge to local governments in both urban and rural areas across the world, and one of the key issues is their financial constraints”. [9] “In Tamil Nadu there are 12 Corporations, 124 Municipalities and 528 Town Panchayats. In total the solid waste generation is 14,600 Tons per day. The Greater Chennai Corporation generates 5000 TPD, 11 Corporation and all Municipalities generate about 7600 TPD and all the town panchayat generates 2000 TPD. The board is advocating the concept of waste segregation at source, waste reduction, recycle and reuse to avoid any environmental issues during handling”.
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Alapata Ahmed, Yusuf, Nathaniel Bayode Eniolorunda, Yakubu Fakai Musa i Samuel Igra. "Waste Management and Control Problems in Sokoto Metropolis: Projected Mitigation on the Syndrome". ATHENS JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, nr 4 (4.11.2021): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajs.8-4-1.
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This study assessed the nature of solid waste generation, its spatio-temporal pattern and existing management strategies in Sokoto metropolis. The greatest challenges facing cities in the developing world are; paucity of solid waste management and control. In the Nigeria context, solid waste management is characterized by inefficient collection, insufficient coverage of the collection system and improper disposal methods. In Sokoto metropolis, increase in population has resulted into accelerated of solid waste generation with pollution of all categories, and the consequent is dearth of modern management. The study used; selection of different wastes for observation, sampling-up four sub-soils at 0-30cm at random from each of the waste dump sites to determine not only for heavy metal concentrations but also for fertility supplement in comparison with the National Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA). Also, fifty scheduled questionnaires were administered each on selected residents around dumped sites and to the staff of Town Planning Board to solicit for relevant information on government and its agencies effectiveness in disposal and management of waste. Landsat data was also used to map out the waste sites for spatio-temporal analysis from 1999 to 2016. Results are expected to inform major decisions makers and urban planners in order to promote a sustainable urban development for Sokoto metropolis and its environs. Keywords: developing world, protection agencies, Metropolis, urban planners, Sokoto
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Hanumanthanaik, Doddamani, i Babu Giriya Gowda. "A STUDY ON THE SEASONAL TREND OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF MINOR-RAYA CANAL WATER OF TUNGABHADRA DAM HOSPET, KARNATAKA, INDIA". Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, nr 07 (31.08.2022): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.2022137112.
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During Vijayanagara dynasty (about 400 years back), Raya canal has been built and serving the irrigation needs of the local population of the Hospet Taluk of Bellary district, Karnataka, India. The urban development of Hospet town has been taken place right up to the canal boundary and in certain places; the canal land has also been encroached. A large number of open channels and pipelines etc., have been directly connected to the canal and at many locations, the canal plays an important role as a drainage line or seepage disposal point. The canal water is polluted from disposal of untreated sewage, seepage of agricultural wastes, domestic wastes, washing activities, storm water drainage, cattle farming wastes and dumping of liquid & solid wastes. The people residing on either sides of the Raya canal were using the water extensively for the purpose of washing, bathing, drinking, fishing, cattle feeding etc. To understand the situation, at four different sample stations, (S1 to S4) along the course of Raya canal, water samples were collected on monthly basis to determine and evaluate seasonal changes in the physicochemical parameters like pH, EC, Temp, TH, TA, BOD, COD, chloride, nitrate, phosphate and DO. The comparison of statistics with the standard values prescribed by WHO (2004), ISI (1983), for drinking water and BIS (1991) for irrigation purpose; revealed the high level of BOD, COD, TA and low level of DO in the water content causes a hazardous effect on both aquatic and human lives.
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Deress, Teshiwal, Fatuma Hassen, Kasaw Adane i Aster Tsegaye. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Biomedical Waste Management and Associated Factors among the Healthcare Professionals at Debre Markos Town Healthcare Facilities, Northwest Ethiopia". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2018 (2.10.2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7672981.
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Background. Healthcare activities restore health and save lives at the same time; however, they can generate hazardous biomedical wastes to a human being or the environment. Generation and disposal of biomedical wastes have become an emerging problem worldwide. Objective. To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice about biomedical waste management and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Debre Markos town healthcare facilities, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was employed, and data were collected through structured self-administered questionnaire and observational checklist. Data were entered into the Epi-data 3.1 software and exported into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed. Variables with a P value of <0.05 in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were considered to explain the presence of statistically significant associations. Result. Among 296 healthcare professionals studied, 168 (56.8%), 196 (66.2%), and 229 (77.4%) had adequate knowledge, favorable attitude, and adequate practice score, respectively. Regarding associated factors, MSc and MD+ (AOR: 4, 95% CI: (1.37, 149.52)), BSc holders (AOR: 2.53, 95% CI: (1.47, 4.38)), and availability of color-coded bins (AOR: 7.68, 95% CI: (3.30, 17.89)) were identified more likely to contribute for adequate knowledge, favorable attitude, and adequate practice scores, respectively. Conclusion. The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were not satisfactory. Majority of the healthcare professionals did not access biomedical waste management training. Educational level, use of visual aid, and availability of color-coded bins in the department were identified as a factor for biomedical waste management. Regular training should be given to healthcare professionals.
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Alhassan, A. B., A. M. Chiroma, A. M. Kundiri, B. Bababe i I. J. Tekwa. "Utilizing urban refuse wastes as soil amendment in sub-Saharan Africa: Prospects and challenges in the Nigerian context". Agro-Science 20, nr 3 (29.09.2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i3.8.
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The challenge of effectively managing the huge wastes generated in most Nigerian cities raises serious environmental concerns with environmental pollution and ecological deterioration being the most serious concerns. Most municipal authorities responsible for evacuation of town refuse wastes lack the capacity to effectively manage the huge volumes of wastes generated on daily basis due to a number of reasons prominent of which include population explosion, urbanization, industrialization and economic growth. Application of urban refuse wastes (URW) to crop fields offers means of correcting many of the problems associated with collection and disposal of URW in Nigeria. Utilizing organic solid wastes on agricultural fields is an important way of effectively increasing soil organic carbon sequestration and supplying nutrients for crop plants. Proper sorting and composting of the URW has been shown to not only improve the quality of the wastes as organic amendment, but also help in correcting many of the health and environment related challenges associated with its direct application to agricultural lands. This review presents the results of research findings on utilization of URW as organic amendment and also highlights the constraints, prospects and the sustainability for utilizing URW as bio-fertilizer. It reveals that the average solid wastes generated in most Nigerian cities have a large fraction of organic materials that could easily be utilized as bio-fertilizer. Suggestions on ways to reduce some of the problems associated with land application of URW are proffered. Possible ways for improving the quality of URW intended for use as organic amendment are also suggested.
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Dakhova, Ekaterina V., Ludmilla P. Mayorova i Alexey I. Lukyanov. "Assessment of phytotoxicity of ash and slag waste from low-capacity boiler houses and individual heating systems on the example of the town Shakhtersk, Sakhalin region". RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 30, nr 3 (13.09.2022): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-3-280-291.
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The relevance of the work is due to the study of the issue of disposal and possible use of ash and slag waste in small towns, in particular in the Far East, where the predominant types of heating are low-power boilers or individual heating systems. The simplest and clearest methods for assessing the impact of generated waste on the environment are bioindicative methods, in particular, the assessment of phytotoxicity. The analysis of the phytotoxic effect of ash and slag wastes of various origins and different periods of storage, as well as coal samples in the conditions of urban settlements, was carried town Shakhtersk, Sakhalin region, in relation to herbaceous plants of various systematic groups in the framework of a number of laboratory experiments. The phytotoxic effect of the considered samples was determined by comparing the parameters of the test function of the control and experimental seeds. The dependence of the magnitude of the phytotoxic effect on the shelf life and the type of origin of ash and slag waste is shown. The data obtained are the basis for carrying out additional experiments and studies, as well as determining the chemical composition of the samples under consideration.
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Arora, A., i S. Saxena. "Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Anaerobic Sludge and its Disposal by Landspreading". Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (lipiec 2007): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.213.
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Sludge, a natural, uncalled for byproduct of aerobic/ anaerobic biological digestion of organic matter present in wastewaters, also known as biosolids, is a thick, black and viscous substance comprising of dead and degraded microbial cells that digested the influents. This dead microbial material, accumulates on the bottom of anaerobic lagoons/ reactors, is organic in nature and rich in plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and essential trace elements. It must be removed periodically. Therefore, the objective is to use the sludge as a fertilizer on agricultural land. It is an environmentally acceptable and economical method of sludge disposal. The application of organic wastes to farmland has increased over the years as it contributes to the preservation of the environment and results in an improvement of chemical, biochemical and physical properties of soil, although there is an increased risk of soil and ground water being contaminated by pollutants. Sewage sludge may contain heavy metals whose presence in soil may reduce enzyme activities and affect microbial communities in soil. They accumulate in soil and are taken up by crop plants thus posing health hazard. The study was conducted to characterize anaerobic sludge and quantify the concentration of heavy metals in it, to determine the suitability of the sludge as fertilizer for crops. Physicochemical and biochemical analyses showed that anaerobic sludge produced at Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) sewage treatment plant at Faridabad (an industrial town), Haryana, India, contained total organic C 15.714 percent, total Kjeldahl N 0.795 percent, available P 8 3g g-1and heavy metals Zn 1500 3g g-1, Ni 226 3g g-1, Fe 3000 3g g-1 and high activity of enzymes like alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase in the sludge. These enzymes are important for soil fertility and nutrient cycling. The toxic heavy metals have been accumulated by bacteria from sewage waters. The ideal C/N ratio, P and enzyme activities show its suitability as fertilizer but presence of heavy metals is a matter of concern. Therefore its application as crop fertilizer or onto land has to be carefully managed.
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K. DEEPIKAVANI* and M. R. THILAKAM. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES OF HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED TOWN PANCHAYAT AND URBAN AREAS OF COIMBATORE". Journal of Research ANGRAU 51, nr 1 (31.03.2023): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2023.51.1.11.
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The study was conducted in the year of 2022 to evaluate households’ solid waste disposal practices in selected town panchayat and urban regions of Coimbatore and to determine the association between household solid waste disposal and selected socio-demographic variables.Town panchayat and urban areas of Coimbatore were examined for this research. Fifty samples of town panchayat and urban families were evaluated for the study. It was observed that urban households dispose of solid garbage more effectively than town panchayat families. It was revealed that some socio-demographic variables, such as place of residence, education level of homemakers, and household income were correlated with disposal techniques. Most town panchayat homes utilize door-to-door collection services to dispose of unsorted rubbish. As per this study, individuals primarily throw out non-segregated trash because they do not care, and sanitation staff does not encourage them to throw away only segregated waste. Therefore, public participation is crucial for solid waste management, as it minimizes both municipal labour and the costs associated with garbage separation. Municipalities can also develop public awareness about solid waste management and establish rigid rules on disposal of non-separated trash so as to increase the practice of waste segregation .
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Gudeta, Beekan Gurmessa, Fekadu Fufa Feyessa i Wagari Mosisa Kitesa. "Household Generated Solid Waste Collection System Management Using Arcgis: a Case of Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia". Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, nr 2 (1.05.2021): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.317.
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Proper management of solid waste collection is one of the challenges in the urban areas of developing countries like Jimma town. Therefore, this study aims to assess the municipal solid waste collection system in Jimma town using geographical information system, GIS, techniques. Data used were digital elivation model, DEM, river shapefile, and coordinates of the locations of municipal solid waste, MSW, collection containers and open disposal site. Distances of the locations of existing MSW collection bins from the surface water, the contour lines and flow directions of areas around the existing Qofe Open Dump Site were evaluated. The findings of the study indicate that there was one waste container that was allocated in a 20 m buffer distance from the river. The solid waste collection bins in the town were not evenly allocated. The allocated waste collection containers covered only 12.32% of the total area of the town. There were about 34(51.52%) shortage of MSW collection bins in the town. The municipality should transfer collection bins placed in the river buffer zone of 20 m to other suitable locations. Unserved areas of the town should have waste collection containers after further detail investigation. Water sources near the open disposal site need to be regularly monitored for quality degradation.
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Aklilu, Teshale, Mengesha Robso Wodajo i Tănase Tasențe. "A survey of solid waste management services in Woldya Town (Ethiopia): Challenges and opportunities for improvement". Technium Social Sciences Journal 16 (10.02.2021): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v16i1.2439.
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In different cities and towns of Ethiopia, solid waste is a major environmental problem. Woldya town also face the challenges of solid waste management. Effective and efficient solid waste management in a town is a mandatory to ensure human and animal health and also to ensure clean and sound able environment in urban development. The aim of this study is to assess challenges and opportunities for improvement of solid waste management services in Woldya town. Interviews, questionnaires and observation were the major tools used for data gathering. The data were analyzed using tables, percentages, pie chart followed by explanation. In Woldya town the residents use illegal methods of solid waste disposal; this includes burning, open dump and ditch. The key challenges of solid waste management services in the town are lack of Awareness, lack of manpower, lack of facilities and financial constraints. The communities recommended that solid waste management can be improved through community participation, increasing funding, create awareness and encourage waste minimization. This study recommends environmental education related to solid waste management plays a great role to promote attitudinal change of the community and strong community participation, improve institutional capacity, strengthen financial capacity, promote private sector participation and preparing disposal site for solid waste
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Dibaba, Wakjira Takala. "A REVIEW OF SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM: TRAITS AND CONSEQUENCES / REVISÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DE UM SISTEMA DE DRENAGEM URBANA: CARACTERÍSTICAS E CONSEQÜÊNCIAS". Journal of Sedimentary Environments 3, nr 3 (16.10.2018): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2018.37825.
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The negative effect of domestic effluents on the quantity and quality of water and urban amenities makes increasingly imperative to establish sustainable drainage systems in cities. Therefore, for a better plan and sustainable development of a town, it is highly imperative for environmentalists, hydrologists, land use planners and for storm and wastewater management to analyze the existing drainage system and predict the environmental responses to the discharges of urban drainage system. This study has analyzed the existing drainage system of Jimma city (Ethiopia) and identified the major factors contributing to the poor drainage performance. Jimma population growth has been increasing the problems caused by the uncontrolled release of domestic effluents and urban solid waste, with increasingly damaging consequences for the environmental quality, social wellness and economy of the city. With the intensification of Jimma development, surface water discharges from developed areas and uncontrolled wastes are being increasingly released, affecting social, environmental and economic state of the city. Lack of proper functioning drainage infrastructure, uncontrolled waste disposal, lack of periodic inspection and maintenance, poor connection of drainage networks and roads and carelessness led to the failure of the existing drainage system. These conditions caused drainage blockages, resulting in overflows and floods, leading to less and less attractive conditions in the city and making some places unfit to be inhabited. ResumoO efeito negativo dos efluentes domésticos sobre a quantidade e a qualidade da água e o bem estar urbano torna cada vez mais imperioso o estabelecimento de sistemas sustentáveis de drenagem. Por isso, a análise do sistema de drenagem existente e a previsão das respostas ambientais às descargas urbanas são altamente imperativas tendo em vista um melhor planejamento e desenvolvimento sustentável de uma cidade. Este estudo analisou o sistema de drenagem da cidade de Jimma (Etiópia) e identificou os principais fatores que contribuem para o seu mau funcionamento. O crescimento populacional de Jimma tem vindo a ampliar os problemas causados pela libertação descontrolada de efluentes domésticos e resíduos sólidos urbanos, com consequências cada vez mais nefastas para a qualidade ambiental, para o bem estar social e a economia da cidade. O funcionamento inadequado da infraestrutura de drenagem, o descarte descontrolado de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a falta de inspeção e manutenção periódicas, a conexão deficiente de redes de drenagem e estradas e o descuido conduziram á inoperância do sistema de drenagem existente. Estas condições causaram bloqueios de drenagem, resultando em transbordamentos e inundações, tornando a cidade cada vez menos atrativa e tornando alguns locais impróprios para ser habitados.
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Mohammedshum, A. A., M. A. Gebresilassie, C. M. Rulinda, G. H. Kahsay i M. S. Tesfay. "Application of Geographic Information System and Remotesensing in effective solid waste disposal sites selection in Wukro town, Tigray, Ethiopia". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2 (11.11.2014): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-115-2014.
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Identifying solid waste disposal sites and appropriately managing them is a challenging task to many developing countries. This is a critical problem too in Ethiopia in general and in Wukro town in particular. The existing site for Wukro town is not sufficient in its capacity and it is damaging the environment due to its location, and the type of waste dumped, while the surrounding area is being irrigated. Due to the swift expansion and urbanization developments in Wukro town, it badly needs to develop controlled solid waste dumping site to prevent several contamination problems. This study was conducted first, to assess the existing waste management strategies in Wukro town; and second, to find out the potential waste disposal sites for the town, using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. The study exploited the Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) methods to combine necessary factors considered for dumping site selection. The selected method also uses various geographical data including remote sensing data, with GIS spatial analysis tools. Accordingly, site suitability maps for each of the factors were developed in a GIS environment. Results indicate that 12 dumping sites were appropriate and they were further ranked against their suitability in terms of wind direction, proximity to settlement area and distance from the center of the town. Finally, two sites are the best suitable for dumping site. This study indicated that the application of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques are efficient and low cost tools to study and select appropriate dumping site so as to facilitate decision making processes.
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Erasu, Duguma, Tesfaye Feye, Amaha Kiros i Abel Balew. "Municipal solid waste generation and disposal in Robe town, Ethiopia". Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 68, nr 12 (11.07.2018): 1391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2018.1467351.
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Kuluse, Mohammedamin, i Abdella Gure. "Challenges and Opportunities in Municipal Solid Waste Management: In the Case of Shashemene Town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia". Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.1.
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Waste adversely influences environment, economy, aesthetics and health, so it needs to be managed in order to keep the environment clean, make wise use of resources and protect public health. Hence, this study aimed to identify the challenges and opportunities in municipal solid waste management in Shashemene town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling procedure including both probability and non-probability sampling techniques was employed. Data were collected from 166 residential and 34 non-residential areas respondents and analyzed with IBM SPSS and STATA/MP statistical software. Probit binary regression analysis revealed that household awareness, education level and willingness to pay for solid waste management, distance between waste disposal site and residence, and access to waste collectors were significant and positively correlated with effective solid waste management (t-test, p<0.05). Notable among challenges in municipal solid waste management were inadequate collection, transportation and disposal processes whereas, source of recycling and reusing materials, energy and employment considered as opportunities. The study concluded that, there was no single waste management system in place in the town. Therefore, stakeholders need to adopt integrated SWM system. Besides, access to biological and thermal treatment facilities, waste disposal services should be improved in collaboration with and through recognition of stakeholders that build technical, financial and administrative capacity.
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Naftal, Mecheo O. "An Assessment of the Adequacy of the Methods Of Domestic Solid Waste Management in Kisii Town, Kenya". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, nr 7 (19.07.2021): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10423.
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Urban domestic solid waste is increasingly being generated in many urban centres including middle sized towns. In many urban areas in developing countries there’s a growing need and awakening for meeting the waste disposal for the ever increasing population. This paper examines and analyses the varied treatment and disposal methods of domestic solid waste employed in Kisii town. The specific objective of the study include: to assess the adequacy of the available management systems of handling domestic solid waste (DSW) in Kisii town. A mixed methodology approach was taken into consideration. A sample of 110 households was obtained using the multi stage stratified sampling method. Data collection methods of the sampled size involved the use of questionnaires to 110 householders and direct interviews to 2 county officers in charge of DSW and observation integrated with photography. Data analysis was carried out using methods such as use of tables and graphs through SPSS. The results indicate that the storage facilities are inadequate for the residents, the collection times are not only insufficient but also irregular, the transportation means employed are limited, and disposal and treatment of the DSW is limited to mainly open dumping at the overfilled Nyambera dumpsite. In conclusion, the management methods of the DSW are inadequate and pose severe health risks to the residents of Kisii. It is recommended that, for effective domestic solid waste management adequate bins should be provided in the town, collection should be regular and indiscriminate in all estates, recycling, re-use, reduce and energy recovery should be introduced to move from challenges to opportunities. Finally, an integrated model of integrating CBOs and private groups in management of DSW is suggested to ensure sustainable solid waste management.
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Medrano-Flores, Ninoska. "Municipal solid waste treatment complex in small towns. Case study: San Andrés de Machaca." Renewable energy, biomass & sustainability 5, nr 1 (31.05.2023): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v5i1.65.
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The project to conceptualize the Urban Solid Waste Treatment Complex in the town of San Andrés de Machaca, has been designed to give final disposal to common solid waste and hospital waste generated in the urban area and part of the rural area, in addition to taking advantage of organic waste through the generation of compost, additionally contemplates the recovery of part of the potentially recyclable materials, which will be carried out in a recycling plant that will be located inside the complex. The proposed and requested design is intended not as a final disposal site, but rather as a complex that integrates all the units in order to take advantage of solid waste, so that in the long term the common waste cell reduces the waste it receives. and thereby increase its useful life.
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Kuya, Robert Mbatsi, Boniface Oluoch Oindo i Albert Elim Long’ora. "Influence of Levels of Awareness, Willingness to Pay, and Incentives on Solid Waste Management Practices by Commercial Enterprises in Kakamega Town". European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 3, nr 1 (20.01.2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2022.3.1.236.
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Globally, there has been an increase in population that has led to increased urbanization and change in consumption patterns. This has led to an increase in solid waste generation. Commercial enterprises have also increased exponentially, which has resulted in an increase in solid waste generation worldwide and Kakamega town. This study sought to analyse the influence of the levels of awareness, willingness to pay, and incentives on solid waste collection, transportation, and disposal by commercial enterprises in Kakamega town. A cross-sectional research design was employed. A minimum sample size of 300 commercial enterprises was drawn from a study population of 1,372 commercial enterprises using Taro Yamen formula. Simple random sampling was used to identify the commercial enterprises within the study area. Purposive sampling was used to identify key informants such as the Town Manager and the Director of the environment who were interviewed. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to the commercial enterprises, interview schedules for key informants, focused group discussions, and photography. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics: percentages, frequencies, means, graphs, and pier chats. Qualitative data were analysed thematically along with the research objectives and presented in narrative form. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine the relationship between the dependent variables as explained by the independent variables in the study; Levels of awareness, willingness to pay, incentives. The analysed findings were presented inform of tables, figures, and plates. Results shows that the awareness levels on solid waste transportation and disposal were extremely high at r=0.882, compared to the collection at r=0.375. Thus, the frequency of solid waste collection could not influence the frequency of solid waste transportation and disposal. Provision of incentives such as reduced charges, provision of defined transfer point, provision of waste holding bins were extremely high thus influencing the solid waste management practices by the commercial enterprises at r=0.830. Most of the commercial enterprises were willing to pay for solid waste management to the municipal council at 64%. Using the results, the County Government of Kakamega can incorporate all the waste generators in the solid waste management hierarchy thus improving on solid waste management practices and converting the waste into cash.
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Rajkumar, R., C. Aspin, D. Melbin i R. S. Ratheesh Kumar. "Optimization of Solid Waste Management in Ganapathipuram Panchayat-KanyaKumari District, Tamil Nadu, India". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, nr 7 (10.07.2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1107.009.
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Solid waste management may be defined as the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste. This paper presents the current status of solid waste management (SWM) system of Ganapathipuram town panchayat one of the municipalities of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The study provides an overview of generation, segregation, collection, transportation, disposal and recycling of municipal solid waste with emphasis on assessment of the type and mode of waste disposal practices followed by the households. The main objective of the study is to identify the major problems and limitations that hinder improvement in the current SWM practices and finally suggest remedial measures. Basic information was gathered from municipality and representative ward members. A detailed field survey was carried out with documentary and photographic investigations and also using a questionnaire which was circulated among the households. The study reveals that the present system of SWM is inadequate, as the average collection efficiency is only 45%-50% of non-segregated waste.
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Mohammed, A., Lindiwe Zungu i M. E. Hoque. "Wastewater and solid waste disposal patterns of Dukem town households in Ethiopia". Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection 28, nr 2 (styczeń 2013): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2013.11441528.
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Sharma, Pankaj, i Subhash C. Gupta. "Analysis of solid waste generation in hospitals of Kathua Town (J&K), India". Environment Conservation Journal 12, nr 1&2 (17.06.2011): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2011.121207.
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The present paper deals with the seasonal variations in the generation of solid waste in hospitals of Kathua Town. The dangerous waste generated by hospitals has become a serious hazard which threatens public life, so variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of waste was worked out seasonally. The study also includes the observations on the separation of recyclable solid waste at source so as to evaluate net solid waste generation per day that needs disposal. In the last some recommendations are given in this paper.
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Sharma, Shalini, i Subash C. Gupta. "Studies on solid waste generation and composition in the Residential area of Akhnoor town, District Jammu". Environment Conservation Journal 14, nr 1&2 (16.06.2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.141201.
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The present paper deals with the analysis of solid waste generation and composition within the municipal limits of Akhnoor town which starts from the main bridge on the river Chenab and extends up to Sohal-Sungal turn. For purpose of studies, the residential area was divided into four zones and from each zone, five houses were selected at random for the sampling and analysis of solid waste for a period of one year. Characterization and management of solid waste alongwith methods of disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) were studied to analyze its impact on the environment and people inhabiting the area. Proper disposal methods have also been suggested so that the environment in general and the population inhabiting the area in particular is saved from the hazardous effects of fast increasing menace of the waste.
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Sharma, Shalini, i Subash C. Gupta. "Studies on solid waste generation and composition in the commercial area of Akhnoor Town, district Jammu". Environment Conservation Journal 13, nr 3 (20.12.2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2012.130301.
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The present paper deals with the analysis of solid waste generation and composition within the municipal limits of Akhnoor town which marks its beginning from the main bridge on the river Chenab and extends up to Sohal-Sungal turn. The commercial area was divided into four different zones for the purpose of studies. From each zone, five different types of shops were selected for the sampling and analysis of solid waste for a period of one year. Characterization and management of solid waste along with methods of disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) were studied to analyze its impact on the environment and people inhabiting the area. Proper disposal methods have also been suggested so that the environment in general and the population inhabiting the area in particular is saved from the hazardous effect of fast increasing menace of the waste.
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Sharma, Shalini, i Subash C. Gupta. "Studies on solid waste generation and composition in the institutional area of Akhnoor Town, Distt. Jammu". Environment Conservation Journal 14, nr 3 (21.12.2013): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.14315.
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The present paper deals with the analysis of solid waste generation and composition in the institutional area of Akhnoor town, within its municipal limits. For the purpose of studies, the institutional area was divided into four zones and from each zone, different institutions (viz. schools, banks, colleges and government offices) were selected for the sampling and analysis of solid waste for a period of one year. Methods of disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) alongwith characterization and management of solid waste were studied to assess its impact on the environment and people inhabiting the area.
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Stevanovic-Carapina, Hristina, Jasna Stepanov, Dunja Savic i Andjelka Mihajlov. "Emission of toxic components as a factor of the best practice options for waste management: Application of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)". Chemical Industry 65, nr 2 (2011): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind101006072s.
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Health and safety have been the major concerns in waste management. Waste must be managed in a way that minimizes risk to human health. Environmental concerns over the management and disposal of waste can be divided into two major areas: conservation of resources and pollution of the environment. Integrated Waste Management (IWM) systems combine waste streams, waste collection, treatment and disposal methods, with the objective of achieving environmental benefits, economic optimization and societal acceptability. Integrated waste management using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) attempts to offer the most benign options for waste management. LCA is a compilation and evaluation of the inputs, the outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. It can be successfully applied to municipal solid waste management systems to identify the overall environmental burdens and to assess the potential environmental impacts. This paper deals with the LCA of the two waste management options for final disposal of municipal waste, landfilling (landfill without landfill gas collection or leachate collection) and sanitary landfilling (landfill with landfill gas collection and recovery and leachate collection and treatments) analyzed for town Sombor, Serbia. The research is conducted with the use of the Software Package IWM-2. The indicators which are used in the assessment are air and water emissions of toxic compounds. The results indicated that waste disposal practice has a significant effect on the emission of the toxic components and environmental burdens. Sanitary landfilling of municipal solid waste significantly reduces toxic emission and negative influence on the environment.
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Kassahun, Haile, i Dugessa Tesfaye. "Disposal Practices of Unused Medications Among Patients in Public Health Centers of Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study". Current Drug Safety 15, nr 2 (20.06.2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886315666200331140400.
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Background: Disposal of pharmaceutical waste among patients is a global challenge especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Improper medication disposal can lead to health problems and environmental contaminations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess disposal practices of unused medications among patients in public health centers of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 263 patients in four public health centers of Dessie town, Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were used to collect data from each study subject. Results: The majority of the respondents, 224 (85.17%) had unused medications at their home during the study period. The most commonly reported disposal method in the present study was flushing down into a toilet 66 (25.09%). None of the respondents practiced returning unused medications to Pharmacy. Moreover, 85 (32.31%) of the respondents reported never disposing their medications and believed that it is acceptable to store medications at home for future use. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high practice of keeping medications at home and most of the disposal practices were not recommended methods. In addition, most of the respondents did not get advice from pharmacists and other health care professionals on how to dispose off unused medications. Hence, there is a need for proper education and guidance of patients regarding disposal practices of unused medications.
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Maldaye, Matiwos, Desta Haftu, Sewunet Sako, Zenebe Jebero, Fikre Moga i Ayichew Alemu. "Solid Waste Management Practice and Its Associated Factors among Households in Gessa Town, Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia". Advances in Public Health 2022 (19.09.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6134161.
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Introduction. Human activities create waste, and the improper ways that waste is handled, stored, collected, and disposed of can pose risks to public health. The highest proportion of households practice their solid waste improperly in many developing countries, and the household’s status of solid waste management practices and its association with sociodemographic, knowledge, and institutional-related factors have never been clearly understood in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the status of solid waste management practice and its associated factors among households in Gessa town, Dawro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 686 study participants from April 30 to June 15, 2021. Study participants were selected by using a computer-generated simple random sampling technique. The interviewer administered a semistructured questionnaire that comprised sociodemographic, household-related, and institutional-related factors were used for data collection. All collected data were entered into epi data version 4.6 and then exported to STATA version 14.0 for further analysis. Each independent variable with a p value <0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression was included in the multivariable logistic regression model. In multivariable logistic regression, variables having a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result. In this study, improper solid waste management practice was 86.2%. Unpracticed solid waste reduction at source (AOR = 5, 95% CI 2.9–8.9), householders’ poor knowledge about solid waste management (AOR = 5.2, 95% CI 2.6–10.3), and distance to the municipality disposal site greater than 30 minutes to one hour from householders' (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.0) were found to be statistically significant associated factors for improper solid waste management practices of the households. Conclusions and Recommendations. The magnitude of improper solid waste management practices was high. Unpracticed solid waste reduction at source, householders’ poor knowledge about solid waste management, and distance from home to the waste disposal site were significantly associated factors. Therefore, policymakers, local government, and Gessa town health work units have to teach the community about solid waste management and solid waste generation minimization at the source and prepare standardized near-distance waste disposal sites to tackle contributing factors of improper solid waste management practice.
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Ju, Mao Wei, Ai Min Li i Xi Liu. "Status of the Municipal Solid Waste Management in Small and Medium-Sized Towns: A Case Study of Pulandian, China". Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (październik 2011): 2365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2365.
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The municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate is being accelerated in China. Problems encountered in waste management are particularly serious in small and medium-sized towns. Pulandian as a typical medium-sized town in China is investigated in the paper. The daily amount of MSW generated in urban district of Pulandian in 2008 was 0.95 kg/capita, which is comparable to that of some big city in China. Characteristics analysis on MSW was also carried out. The current status of MSW collection, recycling and transportation was introduced and the problems were identified. The MSW treatment and disposal in Pulandian has caused serious contamination. The new MSW treatment plant using integrated disposal technology and transport centre for reduction and recycling of MSW under construction is preferred.
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Basazn Mekuria, Abebe, Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie, Daniel Asfaw Erku, Kaleab Taye Haile i Eshetie Melese Birru. "Knowledge and Self-Reported Practice of Insulin Injection Device Disposal among Diabetes Patients in Gondar Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study". Journal of Diabetes Research 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1897517.
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Background.Incorrect sharp disposal practices may expose the public to needle-stick injuries. The present study aimed at assessing the knowledge and practice of diabetic patients towards insulin injection device disposal in Gondar town, Ethiopia.Methods.A cross-sectional study was employed on insulin requiring diabetes patients who visited the diabetes clinic at Gondar University Referral Hospital (GURH) from February 1 to March 28, 2016. Frequencies, percentages, and ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Student’st-test were used to analyze variables.Results.About half of the participants (49.5%) had poor knowledge towards safe insulin injection waste disposal. More than two-thirds (80.7%) of respondents had poor practice and 64.3% of respondents did not put insulin needle and lancets into the household garbage. 31% of respondents threw sharps on street when they travel outside. Respondents living in urban areas had a higher mean of knowledge and practice score than those who live in rural area.Conclusions.This study revealed that knowledge and practice of diabetic patients were low towards safe insulin injection waste disposal in study area. Healthcare providers should also be aware of safe disposing system and counsel patients on appropriate disposal of used syringes.
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Chambers, B., R. E. Chapman i R. T. Cross. "Integrated waste disposal strategy for the Orkney Islands - a case study". Water Science and Technology 32, nr 9-10 (1.11.1995): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0681.
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The Orkney Islands are situated several miles off the north east coast of Scotland and comprise about 40 separate islands, of which about 16 have a significant number of inhabitants. The total population is about 20,000 with 7,500 living in Kirkwall, the main town. The EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) has presented the Orkney Islands Council with an opportunity to develop an integrated waste disposal strategy for the entire group of islands. The problems which must be overcome are common to many island communities with limited land availability and seasonal industries based on agriculture and fishing. The waste disposal strategy developed by Orkney Islands Council provides an integrated solution to a complex problem and takes into account the shortage of available land for sludge disposal and the effect of effluent treatment costs on the economics of interdependent island industries. The strategy involves the construction of a new sewerage system to intercept the Kirkwall outfalls and deliver the sewage to a new treatment site prior to long sea outfall discharge. The most significant industrial discharges each contain a very high proportion of soluble BOD. As a result, primary treatment alone cannot achieve the reductions is SS and BOD required by the UWWTD. Some industrial effluents will therefore be pre-treated before discharge to sewers. The sludge disposal strategy has been developed to provide sustainability and outlet security. Accordingly two disposal routes have been proposed. These are land disposal or drying and co-incineration with domestic waste in a new incineration complex. Sludge from the outlying communities will be dewatered using a mobile centrifuge before being transported to Kirkwall for ultimate disposal.
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Orina, Claire N., Veronicah N. Kimani, Wilkister N. Moturi i Silvanus K. Sishia. "Handling procedures of pharmaceutical waste among medical facility in Nakuru town, Nakuru County, Kenya". Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology (JEST) 2, nr 1 (26.05.2023): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/jest.v2i1.353.
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The study aimed at handling pharmaceutical waste (anti-biotics) procedures among medical facilities and their contribution to environmental pollution in Nakuru town. There is growing public concern over pharmaceutical substances remnants in water and the environment. This pharmaceutical waste includes antibiotics, which interfere with the water treatment process since most depend on biodegradation. This was achieved by conducting a social survey. The Social survey was used to collect data on handling procedures of pharmaceutical waste among medical facilities. Data were then processed and analysed using descriptive statistics. In this study, 69.57 per cent of the respondents indicated that public health officers were responsible for pharmaceutical waste handling. 83.12 per cent of the respondents indicated that they do not transport pharmaceuticals to other facilities since disposal is done on-site; hence, pharmaceuticals are handled at the point of generation. 75.03 per cent of those who transport pharmaceuticals for disposal outside the facility said they use government vehicles for transport, while 64.4 per cent indicated that they use all protective gear while handling pharmaceutical waste. Eighty-nine per cent also said that they use waste sacks when transporting pharmaceutical waste for disposal. The study provides information on handling procedures that can add information to the existing database and also serve as baseline data for researchers interested in related studies.
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Spišáková, Marcela, Peter Mésároš i Tomáš Mandičák. "Construction Waste Audit in the Framework of Sustainable Waste Management in Construction Projects—Case Study". Buildings 11, nr 2 (11.02.2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020061.
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The issue of sustainability has long been the subject of interest in architecture engineering and the construction sector. All three aspects of sustainability—economic, environmental, and social—can be affected through appropriate construction waste management. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is one of the largest worldwide waste streams, therefore, it is given great attention by all stakeholders (investors, contractors, authorities, etc.). Research studies show that one of the main barriers to insufficient CDW recovery is inadequate policies and legal frameworks to manage CDW. It is also one of European Union’s (EU) environmental priorities. The aim of the article was to confirm the economic potential of construction and demolition waste audit processing through a case study. A pre-demolition waste audit was processed for an unused shopping center building in the town Snina in Slovakia. Subsequently, a comparison of economic parameters (waste disposal costs and transport costs) of the recommended CDW management was performed. This comparison confirmed the economic benefits of environmentally friendly construction waste management methods according to the waste audit results, which would also increase the sustainability of construction projects. Additionally, the cost parameters of selected waste disposal methods could be another dimension of building information modeling.
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Gudeta, Beekan Gurmessa, Fekadu Fufa Feyessa i Wagari Mosisa Kitessa. "Transportation Route Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Using Network Analyst Tool, Case of Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia". Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, nr 4 (1.11.2022): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2023.516.
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Municipal solid waste transportation and collection account for the largest portion of its total management expenses. The current study intends to distribute solid waste collection bins and improve the municipal solid waste transportation routes for Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, using the Network Analyst tool. The coordinates of each municipal solid waste collection container, the coordinates of the disposal location, the town's master plan, its population, the rate at which solid waste is produced, and the road shapefile are the data used for the study. The major piece of software used in this investigation was Network Analyst, an extension of ArcGIS. The recommended quantity of solid waste collection containers, the designated site for the containers, and the most efficient route are among the findings. The calculation's outcome showed that there were 66 municipal solid waste (MSW) collection containers for the 2018 calendar year and 110 containers after 20 years. 17.94 km is the optimal average distance to move filled containers from individual collection container locations to the disposal site and empty containers to their destination. Therefore, route design for municipal solid waste collection vehicles within the urban region is advised by the urban authorities.
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Eshete, Hailu, Asnake Desalegn i Fitsum Tigu. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices on household solid waste management and associated factors in Gelemso town, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE 18, nr 2 (10.02.2023): e0278181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278181.
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Improper solid waste management in urban and semi-urban cities of developing countries is the source of environmental pollution and public health concern. This study aimed to assess the households’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of solid waste management and associated factors in Gelemso town. A community-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the households’ KAP of SWM in Gelemso town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 390 households from Gelemso town and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to predict the improper SWM practices. From 390 households included in the study, 61.3% of them were females. Generally, most households had correct knowledge and positive attitudes towards SWM but poor practice was observed in the study area. About 96% of the households considered solid waste as a source of environmental pollution and close to 92% of them replied that solid waste can be used for compost preparation. Majority (87.4%) of the households “strongly agreed” about the potential risk associated with improper solid waste disposal and nearly 80% of them also “strongly agreed” that proper SWM is crucial to create a healthy environment in the community. Nearly 80% had practiced improper SWM. Logistic regression analyses indicated that lack of experience in sorting solid waste, ways of removal, knowledge about reduce, reuse and recycle, absence of adequate solid waste landfills, and lack of door-to-door waste collections services were identified as the major contributing factors for the improper SWM practice in Gelemso town. In conclusion, the majority of the households had practiced improper SWM, such as disposing of solid waste in the backyard, along the roadsides, in gully and burned. These malpractices can significantly affect the environment and public health of the residents.
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Ishimaru, Kanako, Akio Onishi, Tomohiro Tabata, Takashi Saeki i Hiroshi Sao. "Study on community empowerment for disaster waste disposal and creation of disaster-resistant town". Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 16, nr 1 (9.06.2017): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.16.1_92.
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Olanibi, Oluwagbemiga A., i Adebayo A. Emmanuel. "Site Suitability Analysis of Solid Waste Disposal in Ilesa, Nigeria". European Journal of Development Studies 2, nr 2 (9.04.2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2022.2.2.60.
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This paper reveals site suitability analysis for solid waste disposal in Ilesa town of Osun State, Nigeria; with a view to recommending the best site locations for solid waste management in the town. In a survey process, using multi-stage sampling technique, the research made use of 563 copies of a structured questionnaire, which were administered to households in selected quarters of Ilesa. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were equally involved in site suitability analysis of existing sites and the determination of proposed/suitable sites for solid waste dumping. Among other findings, household-heads complained of various forms of air pollution emanating from existing minor dumpsites proximal to their homes, with offensive odour being the predominant pollution. Also, the Ilesa solid waste dumpsite (the major dumpsite in town) is located along the Ilesa-Ife expressway at the outskirts of the town and is operated as an open dumpsite rather than a composting, sanitary land fill, incineration or recycling site or system. Relating to this, it was discovered that certain residential buildings were located within 500 metres radius of the dumpsite, which was found inappropriate, using the 2006 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) landfill standard for ‘moderately’ suitable site. This paper recommends minimum distance of 500 metres and 250 metres for water provision and setback from trunk road respectively. Furthermore, the Multi-criteria decision analysis, Factor Criteria and Constraints Criteria from 2006 EPA Landfill Manual were used to determine the best locations for solid waste dumpsites in the area.
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Morais, Adriano Erik Reinaldo de, Plinio Tavares Barbosa i Leonardo Alcântara Alves. "Avaliação dos impactos socioambientais urbanos: o descarte incorreto dos resíduos e atividade de conscientização ambiental na cidade de Apodi - RN". Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 20, nr 1 (29.02.2016): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117020019.
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The emergence of new technologies results in the growth of industries and population growth in urban centers. Coupled to this growth comes the problem of waste, these that turned into serious urban problems, often with a costly and complex management. Due to the shortage of areas for disposal, waste is directly linked to the quality of life of a society. The amount of waste produced by a population depends on a number of factors such as income, time of year, way of life. Even considered a small town, Apodi presents a significant growth in its production of household waste, and there was a correct destination for them, comes a series of environmental problems such as: aesthetic, health and environment in the city. Discussions on this issue seeks to answer what the possible environmental impacts caused by these deficiencies household waste and environmental sanitation instruments in the affected population. However, this paper aims to propose awareness studies of environmental impacts arising from the incorrect disposal of household waste in the city of Apodi - RN, through research carried out and to identify the problems faced by the population of the city.
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Zhou, Jing Cheng, Hai Bin Chen, Yang Hu, Hao Lan Zhang i Li Ren. "A Multi-Objective Linear Programming Model for a Regional Two–Phase MSW Transfer System in a Medium Sized City – A Case Study in Zhongshan, China". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 2071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2071.
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Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has consistently improved to keep up with the vast amount of solid waste in urban and rural areas. Research on optimization for an efficient management system has a place for the collection, transportation and transfer of solid waste. Waste transfer optimization attempts to minimize the inconvenience and costs, which must transfer between waste generation source and waste disposal sites (WDSs). In this paper, a Multi-objective Linear Programming Model for the Two-phase Waste Transfer System (MOLPMWTS) is assumed to be given, with which the two-phase waste transfer stations (WTSs) and motor carriers for waste transfer are take into account. And a two-phase waste transfer system in town of Guzhen, Zhongshan, China, is presented. The case showed a multi-objectives for numerical minimization of allocation of WTSs and transfer carriers.
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Wright, Christopher, John M. Halstead i Ju-Chin Huang. "Estimating Treatment Effects of Unit-Based Pricing of Household Solid Waste Disposal". Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 48, nr 1 (8.05.2018): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2018.2.
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Propensity score matching is used to estimate treatment effects when data are observational. Results presented in this study demonstrate the use of propensity score matching to evaluate the average treatment effect of unit-based pricing of household trash for reducing municipal solid waste disposal. Average treatment effect of the treated for 34 New Hampshire communities range from an annual reduction of 631 pounds per household to 823 pounds per household. This represents an annual reduction of 42 percent to 54 percent from an average of 1530 pounds per household if a town did not adopt municipal solid waste user fees.
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Adefeso, Ismail Babatunde, Daniel Ikhu-Omoregbe i Yusuf M. Isa. "Assessment of heavy metals in RDF for thermochemical conversion". E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015804006.
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Thermal treatment applications towards production of energy from raw and pre-treated municipal solid waste (MSW) are continuously growing context in contemporary waste-to-energy technology. The quality of MSW needs an improved analysis to enhance her choice of energy exploitation and environmental assessment of fly and bottom ashes associated with thermochemical conversions. The MSW were collected from municipal solid waste disposal facilities (MSWDF) in Cape Town to investigate heavy metals distributions in MSW. The MSW were pre-treated to improve the quality of MSW. The 7700 Series quadrupole ICP-MS solution method was used to determine concentrations and distributions of some heavy metals from MSWDF in Cape Town. This study further predicted distributions of heavy metals in fly and bottom ashes by a model. The results showed that accumulation of high concentrations of heavy metals in bottom ash residue could be a good remedy for heavy metals control. The heavy metals (especially Pb, Zn and Hg) emissions could be technically monitored and controlled from escaping to urban air-sheds atmosphere and prevent from their consequential secondary environmental and health implication.
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Ratushniak, Maryna, Ivan Tymchuk, Dariya Berezyuk i Myroslav Malovanyу. "Improvement of the municipal solid waste disposal system in Ukraine, on the example of the town of Chortkiv, Ternopil region". Environmental Problems 6, nr 4 (2021): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2021.04.275.
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Today, in Ukraine, there is a problem with solid waste disposal, especially in small towns. The lack of a developed system for the collection and disposal of solid waste, the presence of natural landfills instead of equipped landfills lead to the fact that small towns are abandoned. Therefore, the creation of a new solid waste management policy is an acute problem for these towns and villages. This article is devoted to analysing the global experience of solid waste management and, based on that, formulating recommendations for solid waste management in small towns using Chortkiv as an example.