Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Disposal and purification”
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Yang, You Ping, i Hui Hui Weng. "An Underground Pollution of Water Purification Processing Equipment Develop". Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (wrzesień 2013): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1372.
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The development of a kind of subsurface sewage disposal device is to develop a subsurface sewage disposal device which uses physical filtration to improve water quality of some specific area. This device mainly consists of a pressure dissolved air vessel, purification filtrating equipment and a system controller. This device also uses modern control technology to make the water quality meet the requirement of the standard of domestic water and satisfy peoples demand for water by controlling the pressure and flow of water strictly and separate impurities and harmful substances from the sewage.
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Lu, Min, Zhen Guo i Dong He Li. "Purification Efficiency of Several Constructed Wetland Plants in COD Disposal in Domestic Sewage". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (maj 2012): 2690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2690.
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The research on the species selection of constructed wetland plants and the purification effects of the plants is crucial in ecological wastewater treatment technology. This paper studies the purification effects of different residence time of sewage water, different constructed wetland plants and their synergistic effect on COD disposal in domestic sewage. The results indicate that the best plant combination in purifying COD is that of Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis and Canna generalis, followed by that of Phragmites communis, Arundo donax and Canna generalis. The best plant species in purifying COD is Typha orientalis, followed by Phragmites communis.
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MATSUFUJI, Yasushi. "Biomonitaring of Waste Disposal Site. Purification Mechanism by Activated Cover Soil and New Waste Disposal System." Waste Management Research 6, nr 4 (1995): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.6.278.
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Voloshchuk, Vasyl, Volodymyr Ivanov, Lyudmyla Zasukha i Andriy Onyshchenko. "Improvement of the technology of disposal of pig waste products at the industrial complex". Pig breeding the interdepartmental subject scientific digest, nr 77-78 (15.12.2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37143/0371-4365-2022-77-78-07.
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The aim. To determine the degree of completeness of air purification and the suitability of the developed experimental samples of the chamber for its use to reduce the content of polluting gases during the removal of air from the premises of the industrial complex. Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the pig farm of Agroprime Holding LLC of the Odesa region. The determination of the level of methyl mercaptan (mg/m3) in air emissions outside the premises was carried out using a portable gas analyzer Dräger X-am 5600. The determination of the level of ammonia (mg/m3), hydrogen sulfide (mg/m3) was carried out using a portable multi-component gas analyzer ANKAT - 7664 Micro. The measurement of the content of polluting gases in the air before and after passing the air through the purification chamber was carried out in the pig fattening shop of the pig complex. The concentration level of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide was recorded using a certified and certified device: a multicomponent individual alarm-analyzer of gases "DOZOR-S-M". The results. It was established that the level of hydrogen sulfide in the air of the room at a height of 0.5 m from the floor was 3.34 mg/m3, above the manure bath – 9.72, at the entrance to the upper filter from below - 2.46, at the entrance to the upper filter from the side – 3.03, at the exit from the air exchange shafts on the roof – 2.83, and at the entrance to the side filter – 5.66 mg/m3. The level of ammonia at a height of 0.5 m from the floor was 1.84 mg/m3, above the manure bath – 5.28, at the entrance to the upper filter from below – 1.34, at the entrance to the upper filter from the side – 1.64, at the exit from the air exchange ventilation shaft on the roof – 1.54, at the entrance to the side filter – 3.08 mg/m3. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia were not detected at the exit from the ventilation ducts, where air purification chambers were installed. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that, during the tests, the air contaminated with foul-smelling gases, after passing through the purification chamber, was completely freed from gases, and the presence of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide was not detected either by apparatus or organoleptically. Purification of polluted indoor air with the help of a developed chamber makes it possible to completely remove ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, it is possible to ventilate the premises without polluting the environment. Key words: pig complex, pig farm, air pollution, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, air purification, ecological state of the environment
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Snitko, Anastasia, Gennadii Kochetov, Dmitry Samchenko, Oles Lastivka, Vyacheslav Meget i Dmytro Derecha. "Disposal of used nanosorbents obtained during wastewater purification from Ni2+ ions in powder paint materials". Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, nr 41 (9.12.2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2022.41.76-83.
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The prospects of increasing the level of environmental safety of industrial enterprises as a result of the implementation of the latest sorption technologies for wastewater treatment are considered. An analysis of the effectiveness of the existing methods of sorption water purification, which contain compounds of heavy metals, was carried out. Highly effective magnetic sorbents were obtained by electroerosion dispersion, which contains polyvalent iron oxides.
The effect of the method of introducing the sorbent into wastewater on the degree of its purification was investigated. The most effective results in water purification were achieved with the use of freshly obtained powder of electroerosion dispersion of iron in water in the form of a suspension, which allows to achieve a high degree of water purification from zinc ions - more than 99%. Such water meets the standards for washing parts in galvanic production with regard to the content of nickel ions. The expediency of recycling spent nano-sorbents in the composition of powder paint and varnish materials is shown. When a coating chemically stable in water treatment waste, which has ferromagnetic properties, is included in the composition, in quantity15% by weight high corrosion resistance of the coating is ensured and shielding of electromagnetic radiation increases approximately 3 times compared to the standard sample. The use of research results at enterprises will prevent environmental pollution with toxic substances, change outdated production technologies, ensure efficient and rational use of water, raw materials and energy in the industrial production system.
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Lu, Min, Fei Fei Pei, Xiu Kui Song i Zhen Guo. "Study on the Purification Effects of Constructed Wetland Plants in TP Disposal in Living Wastewater". Applied Mechanics and Materials 137 (październik 2011): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.137.357.
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The study on the species selection of constructed wetland plants and the purification effects of the constructed wetland plants is the key to ecological wastewater treatment technology. The purification effects of different residence time of wastewater, different constructed wetland plants and their synergistic effect are studied in TP disposal in living wastewater. The results show that the best plant combination in purifying TP is that of Arundo donax, Typha orientalis and Canna generalis, followed by that of Phragmites communis, Arundo donax and Canna generalis. The best plant species in purifying TP is Canna generalis, followed by Arundo donax.
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Babadzhanova, O., D. Voytovych i M. Lavrivskiy. "REDUCING THE DANGER OF WASTE DISPOSAL TO FILTERING STATIONS". Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, nr 18 (31.12.2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.12.
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Formulation of the problem.
In recent years there has been a decline in the quality of water, both surface and underground sources, involved in the system of centralized water supply. The majority of river basins according to the hygienic classification of water objects according to the degree of pollution can be attributed to contaminated and highly contaminated.This causes the need to increase the role of water treatment facilities and the need to find ways to improve the efficiency of cleaning polluted water. For water purification, mechanical, chemical, physical and biological methods of treatment are used.Among the chemical methods of water treatment, now the most application is the method of chlorination. The main disadvantage of using liquefied chlorine for chlorination is the increased risk of poisoning of the staff of the water treatment plants and in the case of an accident – inhabitants adjacent to these stations of settlements.Presenting main material.Business facilities that use hazardous chemicals (such as chlorine) are potential sources of man-made hazard. Companies that carry out chlorination of water, carry additional costs for object protection, an automated notification system, equipment for the elimination of emissions, special ventilation systems, special systems for storing and neutralizing damaged containers with chlorine.Recently, various modern methods of decontamination have been used to decontaminate drinking water and to reduce the risk. The use of sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant reagent, which is obtained at the site of application by electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions, is one of the most promising methods of decontamination. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transportation and storage of toxic gas, in addition, to eliminate the constant dependence on the plants supplying liquid chlorine.The analysis of hazards and accidents statistics at water treatment enterprises showed that the greatest percentage of emergency situations occurs during the loading / unloading operations of the substance-cleaner, therefore it is expedient to obtain sodium hypochlorite at the place of use.In order to substantiate the possibility and promise of a more safe method of water purification from the point of view of the technogenic hazard of a method of purification of water, a certain treatment station – «Artemivsk filtering station», located on the outskirts of the city of Bakhmut, was selected.It has been estimated that the depressurization of the chlorine container at the «Artemivsk filtration station» can create a 4.8 km depth zone that will cover part of the city, and if the sodium hypochlorite is applied to the filter station, the depth of the chemical pollution zone decreases to 0.2 km.Conclusions.Safe operation of chemical hazardous objects, which are filtering stations, can be provided under normal and emergency conditions by alternative, safer, disinfection water reagents. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transport and storage of toxic gas and reduce the danger to the population.
Water purification with sodium hypochlorite instead of chlorine has the following advantages: safe storage and transportation, ease of dispensing, long-term disinfection effect, an absence of a threat of a technogenic accident and the exclusion of negative impact on the health of the city's residents.
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Pourjavaheri, Firoozeh, Farzad Mohaddes, Robert A. Shanks, Michael Czajka i Arun Gupta. "Effects of Different Purification Methods on Chicken Feather Keratin". Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (czerwiec 2014): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1184.
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Every year billion kilograms of unused feathers result from the poultry industry worldwide, which in effect impose a difficult disposal process to the environment. Chicken feathers are considered as a valuable and renewable keratin protein source, which could be used advantageously in a number of applications as alternatives to feather meal and feather disposal. Although the potential applications of keratin derived from chicken feathers have been investigated, the initial purification phase has not been fully described in the literature. Original chicken feathers contain many biological organisms along with other contaminants after plucking. Unprocessed chicken feathers are considered as potentially hazardous biological materials due to the presence of blood borne pathogens; therefore, the decontamination process is very important. The purpose of this work is to compare the effects of different purification techniques on chicken feathers prior to keratin isolation. These processes include surfactant washing, soxhlet extraction with ethanol, ozone, and sodium chlorite solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, and wide angle X-ray scattering were used to characterise the purified feathers prior to keratin extraction.
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Araújo, Rian Felipe de Melo, Lécia Maria da Silva Freire i Lívio César Cunha Nunes. "Application of Palygorskite in Purification Process of Frying Oil". Materials Science Forum 869 (sierpień 2016): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.773.
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The Brazil produces a million tons of waste oils from frying, annually. Disposal of these usually is done improperly, resulting in serious environmental problems. In this context, the objective was to develop a method for purification of oils used in frying, using palygorskite as an cleansing agent. For this, acid activation and characterization of palygorskite was realized. So, were developed a method for purification of oil, using 23 factorial design as a tool for process optimization. Subsequently, was realized the physicochemical characterization of oils by transesterification followed by GC-MS. The results revealed a significant increase in the adsorption of the clay after acid activation process, while tests of purification of frying oil showed effective improvement of their characteristics, highlighting the disappearance of the smell of rancid oil and bleaching. The results showed that the purification method used was efficient.
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MAMMADLI RASHAD SHOHRAT OGLI, MAMMADLI RASHAD SHOHRAT OGLI. "OPTIMIZATION OF REMEDIATION OF WATER AND AIR MEDIUM CONTAMINATED WITH POLYCHLOROBIPHENYL". Prirodoobustrojstvo, nr 4 (2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-4-106-109.
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The article is devoted to measures for the purification of water and air medium from polychlorinated biphenyl wastes by the method of UV radiation and NiO2 nanoparticles, on PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) constituting groundwater in PCB waste disposal areas, the possibility of neutralizing PCBs in the atmosphere in industrialized areas. A method for the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl contained in waste and industrial waters, as well as in atmospheric air, has been proposed. Air purification is carried out with ultraviolet and microwave radiation, and ultraviolet radiation and TiO2 nanoparticles are used for water purification. Based on the analysis performed,the problem of optimizing the purification of groundwater and atmospheric air contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls has been formulated and solved. An expression is proposed for the dependence of the cleaning time on the distance to the place of initial environmental pollution.
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Rettinger, S., i W. Bischofsberger. "Subsoil Percolation of Sewage – Purification Efficiency of Unsaturated Zone and Mass Balance of Organic Load". Water Science and Technology 22, nr 7-8 (1.07.1990): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0275.
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The unsaturated zone is recently getting special attention because of its purification efficiency on discharges of septic tanks, leaking sewers, and seepage of agricultural lands. Since knowledge of quantitative effects and removal processes is poor, investigations are conducted by the use of lysime-ters and a full-scale soil disposal system. Results on variation of seepage water ingredients and mass balances are shown. These and further results give the possibility of upgrading soil disposal systems, in order to minimize pollution of soil and groundwater.
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Słodownik, Patrycja, i Krzysztof W. Opaliński. "Oxygen consumption in the sandy beaches of the Vistula River: Goods and services of the ecosystem". Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 18, nr 5 (31.12.2020): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2020.18.5.34.
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The research aimed to estimate the role of the beach in the process of self-purification of water in the Vistula River. The study could become a very important voice in the debate about the future of the Vistula River. A self-purification process involves the disposal of pollutants entering the water from the catchment of the River. A measure of the Vistula River water purification process of organic matter is the amount of oxygen that is consumed by the beach settlement. That is the amount of utilised organic matter by psammon during cellular respiration. Besides, the calculation of the amount of organic matter, which was worn by psammon can be the measure of “goods and services of the ecosystem” of the river.
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Черкесов, А. Ю., i Р. В. Исраилов. "Removing malodorous substances from gas-air mixtures in wastewater disposal systems". Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika, nr 10 (16.10.2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35776/vst.2023.10.03.
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Приведено научное обоснование применения метода абсорбции сероводорода водной средой, содержащей окислитель – гипохлорит-ион, получаемый электрохимическим путем в потоке многократно используемого поглотительного раствора, в противоточном абсорбере для очистки газовоздушных смесей в системах водоотведения. Представлены результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований влияния производственных факторов на эффективность очистки газовоздушных смесей от сероводорода с использованием предлагаемого метода. Даны рекомендации по применению метода. Приведена технологическая схема очистки газовоздушных смесей в системах водоотведения методом абсорбции сероводорода водной средой, содержащей окислитель – гипохлорит-ион, а также технологические параметры ее применения. Предоставлены результаты оценки экономической эффективности разработанной технологии. A scientific justification is given for the use of the method of hydrogen sulfide absorption by aqueous media containing an oxidizer – hypochlorite ion, obtained electrochemically in a stream of reusable absorption solution, in a countercurrent absorber for gas-air mixture purification in wastewater disposal systems. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of operational factors on the efficiency of removing hydrogen sulfide from gas-air mixtures using the proposed method are presented. Recommendations for using the method are given. A process flow scheme for gas-air mixture purification in wastewater disposal systems using the method of hydrogen sulfide absorption by aqueous media containing an oxidizer – hypochlorite-ion, as well as the process parameters for its application, are presented. The results of estimating the economic efficiency of the developed technology are provided.
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Lam, K. C., S. L. Ng i R. J. Neller. "Fate of Biological and Chemical Contaminants from On-Site Disposal of Liquid Piggery Wastes: Results from a Soil Column Study". Water Science and Technology 27, nr 1 (1.01.1993): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0018.
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To assess the feasibility of the soakaway system in treating piggery wastes, eight columns of 3 m length were packed with five commonly occurring soils from Hong Kong and were dosed with pig slurry daily for a period of four months. Infiltration rates of the columns were monitored daily while slurry and soil solution were sampled weekly or fortnightly and analyzed for the major bacterial, organic and inorganic contaminants. Purification efficiency was higher in the volcanic soils than in the coarser granitic soils. Most of the contaminants were removed in the top 1 m unsaturated zone of the columns. Analysis of the effluent collected at the end of the 3 m columns packed with granitic and volcanic alluvial soils indicated purification efficiencies of 100% for E. coli and more than 95% for BOD5, total-P, total-N, PO4, NH4-N and NO3-N. The purification efficiencies of footslope deposits and in-situ weathered materials were significantly lower.
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Kiryushin, E. V., O. V. Pilyaeva, I. I. Shepelev i E. N. Eskova. "Reduction o Air Pollution from Fine Dust by Increasing Efficiency of Gas Emission Purification Sintering Furnaces". Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, nr 12 (1.12.2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-12-4-9.
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The installation of an additional stage of the "wet" waste gas purification unit at the alumina sintering furnaces ensured the achievement of a high degree of purification of gas emissions from fine impurities up to 96 % and the standards of maximum permissible emissions of solid pollutants into the atmosphere established for an industrial enterprise. The formed slude after gas cleaning is proposed to be sent for further processing to the hydrochemistry workshop, thereby ensuring its disposal without contamination of the natural environment. The analysis of air pollution indicators confirmed a decrease in emissions of solid pollutants in the atmospheric air of Achinsk.
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Liu, Bao You, i Ya Ru Liu. "Rational Analysis of Sewage Treatment". Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (luty 2014): 1617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1617.
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Sewage treatment problem is a typical linear programming problem, and can be solved by method of linear programming. In order to reflect the principle of fairness and make full use of self-purification capacity of environment, this paper gives rational analysis of the sewage disposal problems in 2007 Chinese Undergraduate Mathematical Modeling Contest. The mathematical model of linear programming is established, and solved by lingo optimization software. The results show that: by the principle of fairness, investment funds increased; by the principle of self-purification capacity of environment, investment funds decreased. The results can provide guidance for decision makers to choose different scheme.
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Ding, Jun. "Preparation of TiO2 Photocatalysis Antibacterial Ceramics". Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (wrzesień 2013): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.302.
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Among various inorganic antibacterial materials, TiO2 photocatalysis antibacterial materials possess unique properties including long lifespan, nontoxicity, high temperature resistance as well as high physical and chemical stability. More significantly, they are largely involved in many photocatalytic effects such as degradation of organics, purification of air, sewage disposal and self-cleaning.
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Gamage, Isurun Upeksha, i Hetti Arachchige Hemachandra Jayasena. "Socio-hydrological implications of water management in the dry zone of Sri Lanka". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (5.06.2018): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-415-2018.
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Abstract. Water management plays a vital role in the agricultural economy and living conditions of people in Sri Lanka. Though government and non-government organizations have been readily contributing to water management, it is still inefficient, especially in terms of water allocation, consumption and conservation. To identify factors which could be used to implement integrated water resources management (IWRM), a socio-hydrological study was performed in five areas within the dry zone in Sri Lanka. The study covers a comprehensive analysis of how the household income, demography and education level correlating to water usage, purification and disposal methods. The average household income ranges from LKR 2500 to 15 000 per month. The results show that the average daily usage for drinking, cooking, washing, toiletries and bathing are 3, 5, 10, 7, and 85 L per person, respectively. Majority of the families use dug wells and pipe-borne water as the primary source. Correlation coefficients suggest that higher household income or level of education leads to increased water consumption (R = 0.91, 0.94). There is no linear relationship between the level of education with the good practices of water purification and disposal. Though these results indicate preliminary assessments based on the dry zone practices, efficient water management could be enhanced by strong socio-hydrological implications through educating people on conservation, usage, disposal practices and health concerns.
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Zoria, Olena, Оleksiy Ternovtsev i Dmytro Zoria. "Purification of concentrated waste water of pcb production from copper ions". Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, nr 35 (31.05.2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2021.35.11-20.
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In modern conditions, it is important to create a comprehensive technology for processing wastewater containing copper compounds, with the disposal of precious metals, the organization of circulating water supply of the enterprise and obtaining safe for disposal sludge. Methods of sewage treatment of galvanic productions are considered.
The results of experimental studies of the process of copper extraction from water by cementation on iron powder particles under static conditions are presented. The technological scheme of the reactor-cementator is given. The influence of various factors on the process of copper cementation – pH, concentration and ratio of iron and copper in the reaction mixture, contact time were studied. The time at which the greatest rate of change of residual copper concentration is observed is determined. The influence of the pH value of the cementation process was also determined. As a result of the obtained data, it is concluded that the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution affects the course of the contact exchange reaction. The higher the acidity of the solution, the higher the recovery rate of copper. Promising directions for the creation of closed water circulation systems in the process of copper wastewater treatment are outlined.
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Zelenskii, S. I., V. Yu Bezrukikh i Yа N. Scolyarov. "Improving the Environmental Efficiency of a Mobile Power Plant with a Low-Emission Gas Generator". Ecology and Industry of Russia 28, nr 3 (6.03.2024): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2024-3-11-15.
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A mobile power unit is proposed to prepare for the processing of municipal solid waste using an environmentally friendly boiler unit developed by "Baltkotlomach" LLC. The design, principle and results of operation of an integrated combustion product purification system are presented. The conclusion was made that the developed power system meets environmental requirements and allows for efficient disposal of municipal solid waste.
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Zheng, Fangyuan, Qishan Xie, Qingguang Ren i Jilie Kong. "Extraction and Purification of Nicotine from Tobacco Rhizomes by Supercritical CO2". Molecules 29, nr 5 (5.03.2024): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051147.
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Currently, in the ongoing development of the tobacco industry, a large amount of tobacco rhizomes is discarded as waste. These wastes are usually disposed of through incineration or burial. However, these tobacco wastes still have some economic value. High-purity nicotine has a promising market outlook as the primary raw material for electronic cigarette liquid. Nicotine is not only found in tobacco leaves but also in the rhizomes of tobacco plants. This study presents a method for treating tobacco waste and extracting high-purity nicotine from it. After mixing the raw material powder and entrainer in specific ratios, as much of the nicotine in tobacco roots can be extracted as possible using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The effects of temperature, the ratio of the entrainer, and the volume fraction of ethanol in the entrainer on the nicotine yield in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) at 25 MPa for 120 min were discussed. By using 90% ethanol (a raw material mass-to-volume ratio of 1:5) as the entrainer, we obtained the highest nicotine yield of 0.49% at 65 °C. Meanwhile, the purity of the crude extract was 61.71%, and after purification, it increased to 97.57%. In this way, we can not only obtain nicotine with market value but also further reduce the harm to the environment caused by tobacco waste disposal.
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Karlani, Hagar, Fahrul Fahrul, Maria M. Meiwati, Herianus Manimoy i Loth Botahala. "PURIFICATION OF DUG WELL WATER FROM Escherichia coli BY USING CARBON OF RICE HUSK". Lantanida Journal 8, nr 2 (10.03.2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/lj.v8i2.7362.
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Clean water is one of the human's main needs. Dug well water in Tombang, used for various needs. However, the dug well water has been polluted by E. Coli bacteria which is suspected to be due to the disposal of rubbish and waste carelessly and also the distance of latrines and dug wells that are very close together. Therefore it is important to do water purification using agricultural waste that is not utilized. The analysis showed that the purification of dug well water in Tombang with rice husk charcoal had reduced E. Coli bacteria by 55.6% with MPN pattern 1-0-3 so that the MPN value was 11/100 mL of sample.
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Johnstone, Nick, i Ysé Serret. "Determinants of bottled and purified water consumption: results based on an OECD survey". Water Policy 14, nr 4 (16.10.2011): 668–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.048.
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In the face of dissatisfaction with the quality of public water supply, there is significant ‘willingness-to-pay’ for improved services. However, pressuring authorities for public sector investments in water quality services is not the only means at the disposal of households to bring about improvements in drinking water quality. On the one hand, households can invest in purification systems at the level of the individual household. On the other, they can consume bottled water for their drinking needs. Based on a survey of 10,000 households, this paper analyses the determinants of a household's decision to purchase bottled water or invest in a purification system. Negative perceptions of tap water quality (health and taste concerns) affect the decision to purchase bottled water and home purification, with much greater effect on bottled water consumption. The same is true of household income. Household size, the presence of children in the household and length of residence affects the decision to invest in purification, but not bottled water consumption. Concern about solid waste has a negative impact on bottled water consumption, and car ownership has a positive impact.
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Smyatskaya, Yu A., A. A. Fazullina, N. A. Politaeva, A. N. Chusov i A. A. Bezborodov. "Wastewater Treatment of Iron(III) Ions with Residual Biomass of Microalgae Сhlorella Sorokiniana". Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, nr 6 (11.06.2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-6-22-27.
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The sorption properties of the residual biomass of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, which is formed after the extraction of lipids, were investigated. Residual biomass is waste and is used for wastewater treatment from iron(III) ions. Microstructural studies of Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae and residual biomass after lipid extraction were carried out. The purification of model wastewater from iron(III) ions under static conditions has been studied, the purification efficiency and adsorption capacity of the residual biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana have been calculated. A model filter was created, where residual biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana was used as a filtering load and sorption processes were studied under dynamic conditions. The efficiency of purification of model wastewater from iron(III) ions has been calculated and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of purification under static and dynamic conditions has been carried out. A method for the disposal of spent sorbents as an additional fuel is proposed. The specific heat of combustion (q = 20,674 kJ/kg) of the spent sorbents from the residual biomass of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, the value of which is not inferior to traditional energy sources, was determined experimentally.
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Furstenberg, Yair. "Initiation and the Ritual Purification from Sin: Between Qumran and the Apostolic Tradition". Dead Sea Discoveries 23, nr 3 (8.11.2016): 365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685179-12341409.
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Second Temple Judaism witnessed the rise of a new approach to sin impurity. While in the Hebrew Bible sin impurity was associated with improper actions, and there was no formula to dissipate it, this form of impurity underwent a process of reification during the Second Temple period and was consequently identified with specific objects and people, such as idols, gentiles and “outsiders” in general. Consequently, the distinction between moral and ritual impurity was blurred, and practices for the disposal of bodily impurity were gradually applied to carriers of sin impurity. Arguably, both Qumran sectarians and Christians shared this Second Temple tendency, and it shaped their common ritual language. In this article, I examine the gradual development of initiation as a locus of purification from sin impurity in various Qumran texts and in the Christian Apostolic Tradition. The two corpora share the challenge of expelling the impure presence of sin through concrete ritual patterns of bodily purification. Although they seem to differ in their choice of ritual resources, in both cases the principles of gradual bodily purification merge with the language of exorcism to create a separate purification procedure in addition to the initial rite of initiation.
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Chernov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Denis Igorevich Bevza, Oleg Petrovich Shuraev i Aleksander Gennadievich Chichurin. "Methods of purifying oily water". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2022, nr 3 (23.08.2022): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-3-50-59.
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The article describes currently used methods of cleaning ship oil-containing waters and suggests a new method of their disposal. There are shown the specific features of the composition and properties of oil-containing waters, current requirements for the purification of oil-containing waters depending on the areas of operation of the vessel. The main reasons for oily waters emerging are given, as well as the main factors affecting the formation of oily waters on ships. A picture of a water-fuel emulsion under a microscope is illustrated. There are analyzed the methods of oil-containing water purification used on ships, their advantages and disadvantages. There is given a particular description of water purification methods: mechanical purification (straining, settling, centrifugation), physico-chemical purification (adsorption, coalescence, flotation), chemical purification (ozonation, electrochemical purification), biological purification and the method of thermal neutralization (wet burning, fire neutralization). There is presented one of the methods of mechanical wastewater treatment, namely, a scheme for primary treatment of oily waters using a grate, when the oily waters pass through numerous holes and are separated from foreign objects and large solid inclusions. Another example of mechanical wastewater treatment is the design of a clarifier with inclined plates through which the water flow passes along the plates and is divided into layers, which restrains mixing and facilitates settling oil products. A diagram of a coalescing filter (physico-chemical cleaning method) is also presented and its advantages are described. The comparative characteristics of the methods of utilization and neutralization of oily waters are given. Special attention is paid to the development and improvement of the technology of thermal neutralization of ship oil-containing waters. A method of utilization of oily waters by the heat of ship diesel exhaust gases is proposed.
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Lu, Min, Shun Teng Liu, Wen Feng Kang, Ke Ke Li, Jie Zhao i Gong Sheng Liu. "Study on the Effects of Wetland Plants on DO in Domestic Sewage". Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (luty 2013): 1303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1303.
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By adopting the constructed wetland system of surface flow, the purification effects of different residence time of wastewater, different constructed wetland plants and their synergistic effect are studied in DO disposal in living wastewater. The results show that the best plant combination in purifying DO is that of Phragmites communis and Typha oriental,followed by that of Phragmites communis, and that of Arundo donax and Typha oriental is lowest.
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Malyshkina, E. S., E. I. Vyalkova i E. Yu Osipova. "WATER PURIFICATION WITH NATURAL SORBENTS". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, nr 1 (27.02.2019): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-1-188-200.
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Industrial waste can be considered as technological and economical raw materials in related industries, and their disposal in compliance with environmental legislation can be environmentally efficient. Nowadays, researchers search for an effective but relatively cheap absorption material to extract various contaminants from water. Of great greatest interest are the industrial waste that can be used in wastewater treatment technology as a secondary raw material. As a rule, active coals are used in drinking water systems and deep wastewater treatment. In the Tyumen region, this type of sorbent is quite expensive, since there are no natural coal deposits. The sawdust sorbent is proposed to applied as fuel briquettes. The sorption properties of the modified pine sawdust in relation to oil products are studied herein. The correlation analysis is carried out for each type of sorbent exposure. The solution regression and correlation coefficients are calculated. The obtained equations of regression are used to construct absorption isotherms characterizing the dependence of sorption capacity on the concentration of petroleum products in the solution. The sorption activity of sawdust increases by 1.4–4 times depending on the type of modification and intensification. It is shown that the total exchange capacity of pine sawdust on the model solution is only 19.4% lower than the that of activated carbon, which is very expensive for the Tyumen region. In the case of sawdust used for water purification, two environmental problems are solved simultaneously: cheap and effective cleaning of oil-saturated surface runoff and recycling of wood waste.
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Chuikov, A. S., E. V. Sorokina, A. N. Volkov, U. V. Vedmetsky i D. V. Shabanov. "Technology of primary water purification". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, nr 1 (1.04.2022): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012091.
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Abstract The polluted wastewater treatment is one of the main issues in agro-industrial complex. This article is devoted to the primary water purification research for its further treatment with ferrate technology. The technology implies the wastewater treatment from household and industrial waste resulting from agricultural enterprises. The ferrate technology provides a high efficiency of pretreated water purification, in comparison with other existing methods. The article substantiates such an advantage accordingly. The waste generated as a result of wastewater treatment is non-toxic and disposal. The article proposes a new method of preliminary water purification based on its treatment between a galvanic couple in the presence of the calcium hydroxide. This method can be used at water treatment plants and at enterprises carrying out industrial activities in agriculture. The method is applicable only after mechanical filtration at the stage of primary water treatment. The proposed method provides water treatment from a wide range of various origins contaminants. The article also describes an experimental equipment specially designed for the proposed method’s implementation and further research. The equipment provides continuous water treatment consuming electricity, quicklime and compressed air. To maintain the lime particles in suspension condition the airflow is supplied through an aerator. The article applies the turbidimetric analysis method to conduct an in-depth analysis of the water treatment processes and determine the relative reagent concentration in the working area. The article also proves the absence of interface formation between water and milk of lime when subjected to air flow.
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Kalenik, Marek. "Badania modelowe skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków w piasku średnim z warstwą wspomagającą z hydro-antracytu". Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 28, nr 2 (10.07.2019): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.24.
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The model investigations of sewage purification were carried out in a medium sand bed with an assisting hydro-anthracite layer with thickness of 0.10 and 0.20 m. It has been observed that the effectiveness of sewage purification related to basic qualitative parameters (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) is in accordance with the Polish standards on sewage disposal into grounds and surface water. It has been stated that the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer shows higher effectiveness of sewage purification than the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. This application in the medium sand soil bed increased the removal efficiency regarding TSS by 3.1%, total nitrogen by 29.4%, ammonia nitrogen by 1.2% and total phosphorus by 23.0%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD5 by 1.5% and COD by 11.3% with relation to the 0.10-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer (all percentages – in average). The investigations confirm that the hydro-anthracite with the granulation of 1.8–2.5 mm can be used to assist in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sewages
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Ryashina, A., i S. Leonteva. "АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ ОБЕЗВРЕЖИВАНИЯ НЕФТЕШЛАМОВ". EurasianUnionScientists 7, nr 11(80) (14.12.2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.7.80.1137.
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This paper presents a comparative description of traditional methods of neutralization and disposal of oilcontaining waste. The basic methods used for these purposes are effective, but they are not without significant drawbacks. In this regard, there is a need to find new ways that will be environmentally friendly and cost-effective. As such methods, low-temperature pyrolysis at the TPU 1 installation, purification of oil-contaminated sludge using solar energy, as well as complex purification of oil sludge were proposed. Their main advantages are compliance with modern environmental standards and the formation of products that can be used in the future as a result of cleaning. It was concluded that it is appropriate to use each of the proposed methods depending on the amount of contamination.
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Odimegwu, Temple Chimuanya, I. Zakaria, M. M. Abood, C. B. K. Nketsiah i M. Ahmad. "Review on Different Beneficial Ways of Applying Alum Sludge in a Sustainable Disposal Manner". Civil Engineering Journal 4, nr 9 (30.09.2018): 2230. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-03091153.
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Disposal of waste from water treatment plant is one of the major issues most treatment plants seem not to overcome due to the constant generation of this waste as a result of meeting the demand of water and purification of water for human consumption. The effect of disposing sludge constantly in the environment has called for an economical and sustainable way of reusing alum sludge. However, this paper aimed at reviewing the possible literature on applying waste from water treatment plant in various ways, example; in building material; as brick and tiles, in concrete ; as replacement of cement and aggregate, in Geotechnics; as soil stabilizer and in agriculture; as soil fertilizer, in pottery; use as replacement of clay in flower pot production for sustainable disposal. All the above mentioned categories of uses have reviled an effective and efficient way in managing waste from water treatment plant (alum sludge), also a safer and economical manner of disposal. However, the effects when used and the behaviour when it is incorporated with other materials were highlighted, other reuse and disposal options where discussed and the areas not covered (knowledge gap) was identified.
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Beshentsev, Vladimir A., Tatyana V. Semenova, Yulia I. Salnikova i Seema V. Vorobjeva. "Hydrogeological condition of wastewater disposal in the territory of the Novoportovsky oil and gas condensate field". Oil and Gas Studies, nr 2 (27.05.2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2019-2-17-27.
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Significant amounts of liquid industrial and domestic waste are generated at oil fields in the north territory of Western Siberia. There are currently no reliable methods of purification and utilization for many of them. It is very difficult to ensure long-term isolation of the waste from the hydrosphere and biosphere on the Earth. Underground disposal of wastewater in deep horizons (depths of the Earth) is one way to prevent from their negative impact on the environment and public health.
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Osborne, P. L., i R. G. Totome. "Long-Term Impacts of Sewage Effluent Disposal on a Tropical Wetland". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 4 (1.02.1994): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0170.
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Waigani Lake, near Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, is part of an extensive wetland dominated by the Laloki and Brown Rivers. The wetland has received sewage effluent from stabilisation ponds for over 25 years. Water quality of the sewage, Waigani Lake and its outflow assessed in 1985 indicated that the wetland was significantly reducing suspended solid loads and the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus. Aerial photographs of Waigani Lake taken between 1966 and 1991 document the complete loss of submerged and floating-leaved plants and the decline in the extent of the littoral, emergent vegetation. These changes are related to sewage effluent disposal and, possibly, alterations in the magnitude of annual water level fluctuations. This study of a tropical wetland to which very large quantities of sewage effluent have been added demonstrates that the capacity of wetlands for water purification is limited and that further study on tropical wetlands is imperative before management strategies developed for temperate wetlands are applied directly to them.
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Wolf, I. V., Yu M. Chernoberezhsky, E. I. Jepifantseva i A. D. Simonov. "Thermocatalytic and Chemical Treatment of Lignin-Aluminium Sludge and Utilization of the Resulting Adsorbent-Coagulant". Water Science and Technology 24, nr 3-4 (1.08.1991): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0491.
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Lignin compounds pass through conventional biological treatment. Purification effiency can be improved by chemical coagulation with e.g. aluminium sulphate. The generated aluminium sludge can be converted into adsorbent-coagulant by thermocatalytic and sequential chemical disposal. A thermocatalytic reactor with the temperature range from 400° to 700 °C and with copper-chromium catalyst was applied to treat aluminium sludge. The resulting adsorbent-coagulant removed colour up to 95 % and COD up to 75 % from diluted kraft black liquor.
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Pazova, T. H., i A. H. Gabaev. "PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION OF UNLITED MANURE". Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, nr 1(35) (2022): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2022-1-35-116-120.
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The article deals with the issue of disposal of bedless manure. As a result of the analysis, a promising technological line for the processing and disposal of bedless manure was selected for research, including as the main equipment: a device for separating the initial mass of liquid manure into solid and liquid fractions, primary sedimentation tanks and bactericidal batteries. The electroflotation unit was chosen as the main unit for further research. In this case, electrolysis of polluted water occurs under the action of direct current. Studies have established that manure runoff with a moisture content of more than 92% practically does not stratify. However, the situation with the separation of wastewater into fractions changes radically after treatment in an electromagnetic field. The use of the proposed scheme of the technological line will make it possible to obtain valuable organic fertilizer and improve the ecological situation at livestock enterprises. The main of many factors that characterize the quality of separation of bedless manure into fractions is the degree of purification of its liquid fraction. The separated water is a dispersed medium and is several times larger than the solid fraction of bedless manure by volume. Analyzing the dependences obtained, it can be concluded that with an increase in the height of the treated wastewater layer, a decrease in purification occurs, and the regularity has the form of a hyperbolic curve.
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Mukherjee, Tirthankar, Nilay Kumar Sarker i Prasad Kaparaju. "Optimization of Biogas Purification Employing High-Pressure Water Scrubbing". Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 49, nr 3 (30.09.2023): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/iswmaw/492/2023.225.
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Purification of biogas is the pre-requisite of the commercial application of anaerobic digestion in the renewable energy sector. In this study, Aspen Plus V11.1 was used to determine the optimum process conditions for biogas purification using high-pressure water scrubbing. The non-random two-liquid model (NRTL) coupled with Henry' s law was used as the fluid package in this study. According to henry' s law solubility of CO2 is higher than CH4 and thus water was used as an adsorbent. The ideal parameter values for the scrubber were as follows: water pressure: 8 atm, biogas temperature: 37°C or 55°C, scrubber stages: 15, water to biogas mass flowrate ratio: 50. The composition of the biogas i. e., CH4 and CO2 mole fractions can vary in a wide range without effecting the efficiency of the process.
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Wei, C., Z. Xingcan i L. Tao. "Considerations on the issue of water reuse in eastern China plain brooky regions". Water Science and Technology 55, nr 1-2 (1.01.2007): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.040.
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This paper summarises the characteristics of water systems in plain brooky regions of Jiangsu Province in eastern China, and discusses the water shortage issue resulting from water quality deterioration. It is emphasised that attention should be paid not only to the full treatment of wastewater and rainwater but also the proper disposal of treated wastewater which meets the national discharge standard GB18918-2002 but still contain significant amount of pollutants if compared with the national surface water quality standard GB3838-2002. To the plain brooky regions of Jiangsu Province, the discharged pollutant loads still significantly exceed the environmental capacity of the receiving waters even if all treated wastewater meet the first grade B limits of GB18918-2002, and the water pollution problem still cannot be really eliminated. Therefore, the disposal and utilisation of the treated wastewater need to be taken into consideration. Thus, this paper presents some considerations on the disposal of treated wastewater and management of urban rainwater, mainly concerning water reclamation and reuse, construction of ecological purification systems, strategy changes of wastewater and rainwater management, and the key technology selections.
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Nishikawa, Naohiro, Yoshinori Sato, Fumika Andou, Takekazu Sawa, Yoshihiro Hagihara, Hiromasa Kato, Nobuhito Yoshihara i in. "Development of Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method – Optimization of Water Recycle System". Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (listopad 2012): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.973.
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In production site, machining fluid (cutting oil, grinding fluid) is used. It contains several chemicals that are oil, surface active agent, and extreme pressure agent, anti rust agent and so on. Waste fluid disposal which is incineration etc. is necessary and arise huge cost and environmental load. In addition, workers health hazard is concerned for several chemicals while machining. In this investigation, new water machining method system (electric rust preventive machining method system) that uses only water as machining fluid for solving of conventional machining fluid problems is developed. In particularly, this paper mentions optimization of used machining water recycle on purification rate and refined water flow quantity in developed water recycle system. Therefore, high speed adjustment test liquid equipment is developed for stable experimental condition for evaluation. Test liquid turbidity is random for sludge particle and simple filter decreases this fluctuation. However, water recycle system is aimed for constant refined output despite fluctuation of input dirty water, and it is achieved. The optimized refined water flow quantity is 13.3 L/min at 1.0 MPa from viewpoint of purification on iron, turbidity, colour, conductivity and flow rate and purification load for reverse osmosis membrane.
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Ehsani, Masoume, Heloisa Westphalen, Huu Doan, Ali Lohi i Amira Abdelrasoul. "Advancing Faba Bean Protein Purification Using Membrane Technology: Current State and Future Perspectives". Journal of Composites Science 8, nr 1 (2.01.2024): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010015.
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Plant-based proteins are gaining popularity because of their appeal to vegetarians and vegans, alignment with scientific and regulatory recommendations, and the environmental impact associated with livestock production. Several techniques are employed for the separation, isolation, and purification of plant-based proteins including membrane-based separation, diafiltration, centrifugation, chromatography, electrophoresis, micellar precipitation, and isoelectric precipitation. Despite decades of application, these techniques still have some limitations such as scale-up challenges, high solvent consumption, chemical/biological disposal, and the possibility of protein loss during precipitation or elution. Membrane separation processes are the most effective purification/concentration technology in the production of plant-based protein isolates and concentrates due to their selective separation, simple operational conditions, and easy automation. Membrane separation processes yielded products with higher protein content compared to isoelectric precipitation, and all concentrates presented good functional properties with expected variability among different legumes. This review critically focuses on the membrane technology advances and challenges for the purification of plant-based protein isolates. This study also highlights the plant-based diet trend, the market, composition, and the protein isolate of the faba bean, in addition to the emerging technologies for the elimination of antinutritional compounds.
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Čalić, Violeta. "The Efficiency of Nuclear Ion Exchange Resins Applied in the Primary Circuit Demineralizers of NPP Krško". Journal of Energy - Energija 65, nr 1-2 (27.06.2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2016651-2128.
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Chemistry can influence dose rates by two aspects: chemistry conditions applied in the primary circuit and removal of (in)soluble particles. Since the primary coolant activity can have a significant impact on area dose rates and personnel doses, the main objective of purifying the primary coolant is to act on the radioactive source and keep it as low as reasonably achievable. Reduction of occupational exposure maintains confidence among workers and the public. Other factors, such as fuel duty, cycle operation, length and history, materials, steam generator (SG) surface area and particulate redeposition, also have significant contribution to the doses. Ion exchange (IEX) is one of the most common and effective liquid effluents treatment methods in nuclear fuel cycle operations. IEX technology encompasses the sciences of thermodynamics, kinetics, ion chemistry, fluid mechanics, and economics. In the industrial water treatment, cation exchangers are used in combination with downstream anion exchangers or as a mixed bed demineralizer (combination of both cation and anion) for full demineralization. IEX is also an effective treatment method for liquid radioactive waste. In spite of its advanced stage of development, various aspects of ion exchange technology are being studied to improve its efficiency and economy in its application to radioactive waste management and coolant cleaning processes. Over the years desire to improve the efficiency of fine colloidal particles removal and corrosion particulate removal in the primary systems has increased. There is a need for more and more efficient purification in order to decrease worker’s dose during maintenance but also to decrease volumes of radioactive resin waste. Homogenization of products and usage on primary coolant treatment take into account the compromise between source term reductions, liquid and solid waste, and buying and disposal cost. As the disposal costs are much greater than the buying costs, optimization of the lifetime of the purification media, along with an increasing efficiency of pollutant removal is a major goal. One of the effective purification methods for particulate removal is layering of macroporous (MP) resin in clean-up beds, spent fuel pit (SFP) and radwaste beds. Lately, MP resins were also implemented in the primary circuit demineralizers of NPP Krško. The paper evaluates resin purification efficiency of different primary media, and assesses performance of gel and macroporous resin types.
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Nwokorie, I. C., V. N. Anyakorah i B. I. Abdulkarim. "CHARACTERISATION OF Moringa Oleifera FOR PURIFICATION OF TREATED WATER SLUDGE". Open Journal of Engineering Science (ISSN: 2734-2115) 4, nr 2 (24.09.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojes.v4i2.498.
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Proper disposal of treated water sludge is one of the main challenges water treatment Plants are facing globally. This entails disposing of sludge in such a way that it will not be harmful to the environment due to the chemicals used during the treatment of the water. The disposal of sludge conditioned by chemical polymers has an adverse effect on health and the environment. The use of natural polymers (such as wool polymer) has been explored to reduce adverse effects that come from chemical polymers (polyurethane). Elemental compositions of Moringa Oleifera were distinctive using ultimate analysis, proximate Analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluoresce. Characterization was done to examine the composition, functional characteristics, and physico-chemical properties of moringa oleifera . The proximate result showed that Moringa oleifera contains 36.34% of crude lipids, 3.78% of moisture,4.08% of Ash, 4.70% of crude fibre, 29.56% of crude protein, and 21.54% of carbohydrate. The ultimate result showed that carbon contains 45.86% and hydrogen has 1.96%. FTIR Spectrum of Moringa Oleifera showed C≡N(carbon-nitrogen) C=N and S-S (Sulphur-Sulphur) stretching bond. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of protein and lipids components. The FTIR Spectrum of the dry sludge showed many vibrations indicating some functional groups like N-H in Amides, alcohols and amines O-H, (Oxygen-hydrogen) C≡C bond C=N, C-H(Carbon -Hydrogen)O-CH3, P-N-C, C-H in aldehydes and acids C=O in Carboxylic acids, and S-S bond ED-XRF showed the elemental composition of Moringa Oleifera; 0.018% Fe, 0.001% Cu, 0.003% Al 9.00%, 0.038% Mg etc. and that of the dry sludge as 9.22%, Fe2O3, 0.572% CuO, 9.63% Aluminum oxide, 29.96% Silicon Oxide, 2.57% magnesium oxide. Turbidity of the treated sample was reduced to the level of Nigerian standard (5NTU). Moringa Oleifera was discovered to be a viable and affordable alternative for conditioning of water treatment sludge.
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Dvoinikova, A. V., i I. A. Yagovtseva. "THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER OF THE CITY OF TYUMEN". Oil and Gas Studies, nr 2 (1.05.2018): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-2-106-109.
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Currently, the hydrosphere is facing serious anthropogenic impact which prevents water from self-purification. The imperfection of technological processes, outdated water disposal communi-cations, inadequate amounts of chemicals for water treatment are the main problems of poor quality of drinking water. In the laboratory of ecological and industrial safety of Industrial University of Tyumen physical and chemical parameters of tap water in different areas of Tyumen have been studied and measures have been proposed to improve the quality of drinking water.
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Smirnova, V. S., S. A. Hudorozhkova i O. I. Ruchkinova. "SUBSTANTIATION OF OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR THE REAGENT PURIFICATION OF WASH WATER FROM HEAVY NON-FERROUS METAL IONS". Construction and Geotechnics 10, nr 2 (15.12.2019): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.2.09.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of reagent methods, selection of reagents and optimal doses for the process of carrying out the purification of industrial wastewater from heavy non-ferrous metal ions, such as copper ammonium, copper sulfate, nickel, hexavalent chromium. Presents data on the cost of each reagent used, as well as a table with the original data. The course of the experimental work, the pH value, the initial metal concentration and the dose of the reagents used are described. The graphic results of experimental work on the purification of wash water containing various non-ferrous metals are given, which show the final concentrations of metals and the cost of cleaning 1 cub m of runoff. As a result of the analysis, conclusions were made about the effectiveness of the various reagents used on heavy non-ferrous metal ions. The criterion for the efficiency of cleaning the wash water was the possibility of achieving the maximum permissible concentration for discharge into the fishery reservoir, the permissible concentration for discharge into the centralized water disposal system of the city and standards for permissible discharge for the enterprise. The optimal conditions for reagent purification of wash water are found, taking into account the possibility of achieving each considered criterion of purification efficiency, with the minimum cost of reagents. The use of reagent purification of wash water requires subsequent neutralization of treated wastewater. The choice of the technological scheme of purification of wash water from heavy non-ferrous metal ions will be determined, on the one hand, from the heavy non-ferrous metal ion contained in the wastewater, and on the other hand, from the need to achieve the required cleaning criterion.
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Dolina, Leonid Fedorovich, Olena Kostiantynivna Nahorna, Yuliia Oleksandrivna Zhdan i Dmytro Andriyovich Dolyna. "WATER PURIFICATION IN SPACE CONDITIONS". Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 29, nr 4 (17.11.2021): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/452122.
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The life support system of the International Space Station must include the provision of drinking water to the crew and the treatment and disposal of wastewater. The cost of water delivery to the ISS is very high, so it is necessary to improve the technological schemes of wastewater treatment in space in order to reuse water in a complete closed cycle. The studies were performed based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign scientific sources and reporting data on the specifics of water use at space stations and the treatment methods of the used waters (wastewaters). In addition to international experience, our own research was used to develop a technology for wastewater treatment in space. The authors of the article analyzed the operation of existing wastewater treatment facilities in space and made recommendations for their use at the ISS. The developed technology for the treatment of wastewater and drinking water in zero-gravity (space) is based on the use of various reactors. They can be made of various materials (metal, plastic, etc.); they do not contain non-standard equipment that requires factory manufacturing. Compactness, complete tightness and small dimensions of bio- and physicochemical reactors allow them to be installed within the ISS. The cleaning process is easy to manage and can be fully automated. Water problems are central to the whole world, including in space. The ISS should have a system for the wastewater treatment and their closed use, since the supply of new water to stations significantly increases the cost of space exploration. Quality water is the health and well-being of people in space. Since there is no gravity in space, centrifugal forces (centrifuges) must be used to separate suspended particles from water. A comprehensive review of the issues related to wastewater treatment in space, allows us to conclude that it is necessary to regenerate water at International space stations (ISS). Indeed, to ensure the life support of the astronauts, a colossal amount of water is required, and its delivery to the ISS from the Earth is expensive.
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Krusir, Galina, Olga Sagdeeva, Alfred Tsykalo, Yuliia Vilhovska i Tatyana Shpyrko. "Improvement of purification technology of the liquid waste from fermentation production". Environmental Problems 6, nr 1 (2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2021.01.007.
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One of the areas of waste disposal of fermentation industries is anaerobic fermentation and biogas production, which becomes increasingly attractive for researchers not only because of the global energy crisis but also the environmental one. Biogas production is based on methane fermentation fundamentally different from other types of fermentation, which creates certain difficulties in its implementation on a large scale. Therefore, the development of innovative energy and resource-saving technologies for the processing of liquid waste from fermentation industries is an urgent task for the development of the domestic food industry. The aim of the work is to develop, theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the technology of processing liquid waste from fermentation plants.
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Ignatkina, Darya, Victoria Telyatnikova, Yaroslava Meshcheryakova i Gulnara Gizzatova. "On the issue of disposal of waste sorption material as an additive in new products’ manufacturing". E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 09011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128109011.
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Sorption is currently a promising method for purifying wastewater from organic and inorganic substances. The authors have developed a technology for obtaining a granular composite sorbent (GCS), on the basis of large-tonnage production waste - tobacco dust. However, as a result of sorption purification of highly concentrated wastewater from food industry enterprises, a significant amount of waste sorbent is formed, the regeneration of which is economically inexpedient. This article presents the laboratory studies’ results, on the basis of which methods of GCS disposal were developed, exhausted its sorption resource for the new products’ manufacturing in construction industry.
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Kuhno, Andrey Valentinovich, Leonid Mikhailovich Makal'skij i Olga Mikhailovna Tsekhanovich. "Water purification from organic contaminants by avalanche streamer discharge". Samara Journal of Science 6, nr 1 (1.03.2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201761109.
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The paper deals with the influence of avalanche streamer discharges on aqueous solutions of organic substances such as phenols, methyl-orange and simulating amino acid and protein compounds. Studies have shown the possibility of universal water purification when using gas-discharge decontamination technologies. Complex impact of discharge phenomena, physical and chemical factors, radiation at different frequencies of avalanche streamer discharge lead to degradation of organic and inorganic substances in water impurities. The most frequently used discharges for water purification are electrolyte (discharge in liquid), glow, corona, microwave-frequency discharge excitation in several GHz, barrier discharge and avalanche streamer discharge. It is shown that application of avalanche streamer discharges allows to undertake the decomposition of organic matter in water with decomposition in carbon compounds, gaseous components and water more efficiently and with low cost energy. Applying of a discharge technology is a promising direction of water treatment and industrial wastewater disposal technology development. Energy electric shock changes chemical characteristics of the treated water, affects its Ionic composition, structure of dissolved organic matter, viability of the microorganisms in water without additional chemical reagents.
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Yoshikura, T., M. Kitano, T. Nishio, I. Fukunaga, K. Masumoto, S. Inoue, K. Kuroda i Z. Inoue. "Biological and Chemical Characterization of Organic Substances in Water Purification Pond at Sea-Based Solid Waste Disposal Site". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 11 (1.06.1992): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0322.
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The biological and chemical properties of organic substances in the water purification pond at a sea-based solid waste disposal site, in Osaka City, have been investigated. The mutagenic activities in the extract of water and benthal mud were detected by the Ames Salmonella typhimurium TA98/microsome assay. The extracts of water and sediments of the disposal site showed a weak mutagenic activity to TA98 with S9 mix. The levels of mutagenic activity in water were almost the same as those of the Yodo river. Dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of sediments were separated into acidic, basic and neutral fractions. The neutral fraction was further fractionated on a silica-gel column chromatography and tested for mutagenicity in the Ames assay. The mutagenic subfractions were analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometory (GC-MS) and 20 kinds of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were detected. These results indicate that the PAH-containing fractions account for most of the genotoxic activity observed in this reservoir sediment.
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Carr, Chris. "Development of Eco-Friendly Colouration Processes for Textiles". Advanced Materials Research 441 (styczeń 2012): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.777.
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The textile industry is under continuous pressure to develop and implement eco-friendly processes that offer high performance, acceptable costs and minimal environmental impact. Water is the processing medium to colour textiles and its use incurs a significant cost in terms of acquisition, purification, heating, rinsing, drying and disposal. In this study we examine the problems and potential solutions associated with water-based colouration, the application of pigment dyeing systems and the effect of fluorocarbon finishes and plasma processing on improving their surface and bulk properties.