Artykuły w czasopismach: „Disorderly traffic”

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Chakroborty, Partha, Akhilesh K. Maurya i Durgesh Vikram. "Understanding and Modelling Disorderly Traffic Streams". Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 99, nr 4 (27.11.2019): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41745-019-00135-7.

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Salkiawati, Ratna, Allan Desi Alexander i Hendarman Lubis. "Implementasi Canny Edge Detection Pada Aplikasi Pendeteksi Jalur Lalu Lintas". JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 5, nr 1 (22.01.2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v5i1.2502.

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Based on the traffic accident report, it was found that there were 41,771 (Forty-one thousand seven hundred and seventy-one) incidents caused by disorderly drivers. (POLRI, 2018). One of these disorders is by driving a motorized vehicle outside the traffic lane. In this study, researchers developed computer vision using sensor methods and image processing. The stages in computer vision are the image acquisition process, the image segmentation process, and the image understanding process. This study aims to develop an application using computer vision to warn drivers of disorderly traffic or to increase the alertness of motorized vehicle drivers by detecting the condition of the driver's path. It is hoped that this research will provide a sense of security for motorized vehicle drivers, as well as provide applications that are expected to increase driver awareness to avoid traffic accidents

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Liu, Zhengrong, Jianping Wu, Adnan Yousaf, Rich C. McIlroy, Linyang Wang, Mingyu Liu, Katherine L. Plant i Neville A. Stanton. "A Study of Vulnerable Road Users’ Behaviors Using Schema Theory and the Perceptual Cycle Model". Sustainability 15, nr 10 (20.05.2023): 8339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108339.

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China is currently in a rapid urbanization phase, and road traffic accidents occur frequently, with vulnerable road users often being easily injured. Traditional road traffic safety research often focuses on environmental and structural safety issues or considers human factors as the cause of accidents. This study organized 30 vulnerable road users to travel in a quadrangular road area in the Wudaokou area of Beijing, collected language data from the subjects for analysis, and attempted to apply schema theory and the perceptual cycle model from the field of cognitive psychology to analyze the perception and decision-making processes of vulnerable road users, thus discovering accident risks in the traffic environment and their underlying causes from the perspective of vulnerable road users. The study found that factors such as disorderly placement of shared bicycles, food delivery vehicles occupying the road, damaged road infrastructure, and unreasonable road design affect traffic safety and order, and proposes targeted improvement suggestions.

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Zhao, Daozhi, i Di Wang. "The Research of Tripartite Collaborative Governance on Disorderly Parking of Shared Bicycles Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Motivation Theories—A Case of Beijing, China". Sustainability 11, nr 19 (30.09.2019): 5431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195431.

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With the maturity of mobile payments and internet technology, a new type of travel mode, shared bicycles, was brought out by China’s urban transport under the impetus of “the last mile” travel demand. Although convenient travel has been achieved by using shared bicycles, the resulting problems such as disorderly parking and the deposition of bicycles could severely influence urban traffic order and impede the sustainable development of shared bicycles. Based on the quasi-public goods property of shared bicycles, this article established a management system for the tripartite collaborative governance of disorderly bicycle parking by virtue of regulating the bicycle parking behavior of users, the promoting of multiple propaganda and macro-institutional controls of the government, and acquiring technique support of enterprise “entry settlement”. Furthermore, considering the influence on the governance effect of user conduct, a structural model for guiding users to regulate bicycle parking to guarantee the governance effect by adopting material incentive and spiritual motivation was established via the utilization of the theory of planned behavior and motivation theories, and multiple hypotheses were also proposed. In this article, users of shared bikes in Beijing, China were selected as the research objects, and a questionnaire survey was adopted as the empirical research method. In addition, the governance validity on disorderly parking of the collaborative governance model was tested via hierarchical regression analysis after the collection and analysis of the factors influencing bicycle parking behavior of users. The obtained results show that the tripartite collaborative governance model could enhance the regular parking consciousness of users and improve the governance effect of disorderly parking. The research conclusion of this article could provide feasible suggestions for the governance of bicycle disorderly parking and propel the sustainable development of shared bicycles.

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Huang, Zhufei, Zihan Zhang, Haijian Li, Lingqiao Qin i Jian Rong. "Determining Appropriate Lane-Changing Spacing for Off-Ramp Areas of Urban Expressways". Sustainability 11, nr 7 (8.04.2019): 2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072087.

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Congestion has become a significant issue in recent years and has greatly affected the efficiency of urban traffic operation. Random and disorderly lane-changing behavior greatly reduces traffic capacity and safety. This paper is mainly concerned with the relationship of lane-changing spacing intervals provided by off-ramp facilities and traffic flow conditions. Through field investigations in Beijing, several typical lane-changing behaviors at off-ramp areas are analyzed. By using field traffic data and actual road geometry parameters, VISSIM-based micro-behavior simulations at off-ramp areas are implemented to obtain traffic flow conditions with different lane-changing spacing intervals and other model parameters, such as traffic volume and ratio of off-ramp vehicles. Then, the numerical relationships between traffic flow state and model parameters can be shown. The results show that with increasing traffic volume and the ratio of off-ramp vehicles, the lane-changing spacing interval required by vehicles should be increased. For the same ratio of off-ramp vehicles, if the traffic volume increases by 100 pcu/h/lane (pcu is a unit to stand for a standard passenger car), the corresponding lane-changing spacing interval should be increased by a spacing of 50–100 m to avoid increasing congestion. Based on the results of this paper, smart lane management can be implemented by optimizing lane-changing spacing intervals and lane-changing behaviors to improve traffic capacity.

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Tang, De Huai. "Data Mining’s Network Traffic Data Analysis in Android Mobile Terminal". Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (wrzesień 2014): 2055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.2055.

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With the rapid development of communication industry in China from 2G to 4G networks, operators’ competition is intense in data flow business. Android mobile terminal is now widely used by people. Network traffic analysis is the premise to improve network speed and real needs of customers, excavate valuable information in vast amounts of data, and an important work for network providers analyzing flow rate and value. This paper mainly introduced the relevant contents of data mining, and data mining’s network traffic data analysis in Android mobile terminal.With the development of computer technology, network technology, and information technology, telecommunications enterprises accumulated a large amount of information resources and business data in the process of operation and management. How to find correlated, regular, and valuable information from these massive, disorderly, growing data is the problem facing enterprises, and data mining provides us with an effective solution.

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Farrukh, Baig, Sahito Noman i Bano Arsla. "Analyzing the Issue of On-street Parking in Commercial Areas: A Case Study of the City of Hyderabad, Pakistan". Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 01, nr 02 (grudzień 2018): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.12.01.

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In developing countries, rapid urbanization has created an enormous pressure on land use, infrastructure and transportation. The fast growing ratio of motorized vehicles in urban areas is the main cause of environmental degradation. Almost 80% of the greenhouse gas emission is from vehicles in cities. In the city centers, on-street parking is considered the major cause of traffic congestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the problems of on-street parking and disorderly parking at Central Business District (CBD) of Hyderabad city. The field survey methodology was adopted to perceive the current traffic problems in the city center and traffic count survey was carried out in both peak and off hours. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency analysis technique with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that increasing number of vehicles, on-street parking, improper parking, encroachment, inadequate parking space and poor condition of roads are the main causes of traffic congestion. The study bridges up the research gap of determining public views about on-street parking challenges in the context of Hyderabad, Pakistan and provides statistical results which may equally be adapted by policy makers and transportation planners in order to improve the traffic situation.

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Hu, Shengneng, Wei Tong, Zhen Jia i Junjie Zou. "Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Traffic Flow Parameters of Non-Motorized Vehicles on Highway Segments Crossing Small Towns". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (9.01.2023): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021261.

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The traffic flow of non-motorized vehicles on the highway segments crossing small towns is disorderly and chaotic. In order to improve the traffic environment and regulate the order of non-motorized operations, this article studies the spatial and temporal distribution and traffic flow parameters of non-motorized traffic on the highway segments crossing small towns. The non-motorized traffic within the section of the National Highway G310 crossing small towns in Henan Province, China, is investigated through various research tools such as questionnaires, interviews, and on-site statistics. The regularity and characteristics of non-motorized traffic in terms of travel purpose, travel distance, travel time, and travel frequency were obtained. Meanwhile, based on the actual collected traffic data, the speed–density relationship, flow rate–density relationship, and speed–distance relationship of non-motorized traffic flow were studied using mathematical and statistical methods. The results show that thresholds exist for both time and distance traveled by non-motorized vehicles on small town road sections. The threshold value of riding time is 30 min, and the threshold value of riding distance is 5 km. Under the free flow state, the speed distribution is near a certain desired speed, and the flow rate–density relationship conforms to the exponential function relationship when the flow rate is greater than the critical flow value. The speed and distance show a cubic function relationship, and the speed gradually increases with the increase in distance between the non-motorized vehicles and towns. Based on the results of the above analysis, it is possible to grasp the travel regularity of non-motorized cyclists on highway segments crossing small towns. This provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the efficiency of non-motorized travel and improving the non-motorized travel environment.

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Vikram, Durgesh, Sanjay Mittal i Partha Chakroborty. "Stabilized finite element computations with a two-dimensional continuum model for disorderly traffic flow". Computers & Fluids 232 (styczeń 2022): 105205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2021.105205.

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Dutta, Bhupali, i Vinod Vasudevan. "Insight into Driver Behavior during Overtaking Maneuvers in Disorderly Traffic: An Instrumented Vehicle Study". Transportation Research Procedia 48 (2020): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.074.

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Greenstein, Gil, i Niv Ahituv. "The Value of Knowing that You Do Not Know". Serdica Journal of Computing 3, nr 2 (20.07.2009): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/sjc.2009.3.205-226.

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The value of knowing about data availability and system accessibility is analyzed through theoretical models of Information Economics. When a user places an inquiry for information, it is important for the user to learn whether the system is not accessible or the data is not available, rather than not have any response. In reality, various outcomes can be provided by the system: nothing will be displayed to the user (e.g., a traffic light that does not operate, a browser that keeps browsing, a telephone that does not answer); a random noise will be displayed (e.g., a traffic light that displays random signals, a browser that provides disorderly results, an automatic voice message that does not clarify the situation); a special signal indicating that the system is not operating (e.g., a blinking amber indicating that the traffic light is down, a browser responding that the site is unavailable, a voice message regretting to tell that the service is not available). This article develops a model to assess the value of the information for the user in such situations by employing the information structure model prevailing in Information Economics. Examples related to data accessibility in centralized and in distributed systems are provided for illustration.

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Jin, Bowen, Yu Zhao i Jing Ni. "Sustainable Transport in a Smart City: Prediction of Short-Term Parking Space through Improvement of LSTM Algorithm". Applied Sciences 12, nr 21 (31.10.2022): 11046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111046.

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The carbon emission of fuel vehicles is a major consideration that affects the dual carbon goal in urban traffic. The problem of “difficult parking and disorderly parking” in static traffic can easily lead to traffic congestion, an increase in vehicle exhaust emissions, and air pollution. In particulate, when vehicles make an invalid detour and wait for parking with long hours, it often causes extra energy consumption and carbon emission. In this paper, adding a weather influence feature, a short-term parking occupancy rate prediction algorithm based on the long short-term model (LSTM) is proposed. The data used in this model is from Melbourne public data sets, and parking occupancy rates are predicted through historical parking data, weather information, and location information. At the same time, three commonly prediction models, i.e., simple LSTM model, multiple linear regression model (MLR), and support vector regression (SVR), are also used as comparison models. Taking MAE and RMSE as evaluation indexes, the parking occupancy rate during 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min are predicted. The experimental results show that the improved LSTM method achieves better accuracy and stability in the prediction of parking lots. The average MAE and RMSE of the proposed LSTM prediction during intervals of 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min with the weather influence feature algorithm is lower than that of simple LSTM, MLR and that of SVR.

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Quessada, Matheus S., Rickson S. Pereira, William Revejes, Bruno Sartori, Euclydes N. Gottsfritz, Douglas D. Lieira, Marco AC da Silva, Geraldo P. Rocha Filho i Rodolfo I. Meneguette. "ITSMEI: An intelligent transport system for monitoring traffic and event information". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, nr 10 (październik 2020): 155014772096375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720963751.

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The disorderly growth of urban centers can lead to serious socioeconomic disadvantages, such as health problems, due to long-term exposure to toxic gases and also monetary losses due to time stopped in congestion. Thus, there is a need for systems that help in the management and control of the flow of vehicles on the roads, seeking to reduce the damage resulting from a faulty transportation system and also avoiding the use of an inefficient system of information dissemination of urban roads. In this scenario, innovative systems are being developed to analyze the conjunction of road conditions to supervise and provide routes as needed for drivers to provide greater comfort and safety to vehicle traffic on urban roads. Thus, in this work, we propose the development of a system to monitor vehicle traffic, informing about events that are taking place on the roads in real time. The system can recommend new routes to drivers or allow drivers to take action based on information received from a particular road. As well as, the system uses driver location information for traffic monitoring, which will later be available for any devices, either a mobile device (smartphone) or a desktop. For the evaluation of the proposed system, a user case was developed for the Catanduva city in which we performed a test with the proposed system and was possible to verify a reduction in vehicle stopping time by 42% and a shorter travel time of 50% with an average speed of 33 km/h.

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yayun, Hu. "Combinatorial Network Layout and Optimization of Urban Rail Transit". Open House International 43, nr 1 (1.03.2018): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2018-b0020.

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Traffic congestion and disorderly development of land will affect the development of cities. How to make efficient use of urban land is a major issue for cities. Based on this, the problems existing in the planning and construction of urban rail transit in our country were analyzed. The method of rail transit network layout, as well as the site size, site selection and spacing optimization methods were analyzed. The combinatorial network layout planning of Metro Line in a city was studied. According to the layout of rail transit stations, a layout optimization model was proposed. Three basic network layouts were used to lay down the subway lines in this city, and the site size, spacing and intersection points were planned. The effective utilization rate of urban land was increased, and people's travel time was saved, so as to provide a new idea for the layout of rail transit

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Wu, Xinyue, Shixin Li, Hao Leng i Zhenghong He. "The Influence and Solution of College Students' "Information Cocoon" Effect". International Journal of Education and Humanities 6, nr 2 (18.12.2022): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v6i2.3679.

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With the development of digital technology and the popularity of apps such as Weibo Dingding, office work does not need to be in a designated place, and entertainment can be carried out anytime and anywhere, resulting in a large range of fragmented information. Disorderly competition among some media on the Internet attracts traffic through various eye-catching headlines and covers, and personalized algorithm recommendation mechanism in APP has also won the favor of most people. So they choose to accept it according to their subjective will. College students need more attention. Due to the characteristics of flexible course time and low economic pressure, they are more likely to fall into the "sweet trap" of app algorithm. They spend a lot of time on "fragmented entertainment" and only focus on the information they want to pay attention to, resulting in the "information cocoon" effect and information loss anxiety.

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Sullivan, Heather I. "Dirty Traffic and the Dark Pastoral in the Anthropocene: Narrating Refugees, Deforestation, Radiation, and Melting Ice". Literatur für Leser 37, nr 2 (1.01.2014): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/90067_83.

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“Dirt is essentially disorder [....] Dirt offends against order,”1 asserts Mary Douglas in her 1966 anthropological text on “purity and pollution.” Dirt disturbs order; hence dirt is that which is disorderly and “out of place.” Similarly, according to Greg Garrard’s Ecocriticism (2012) the term pollution describes a cultural norm denoting something out of place: pollution, he writes, “does not name a substance or class of substances, but rather represents an implicit normative claim that too much of something is present in the environment, usually in the wrong place.”2 This definition of pollution and dirt as “something out of place,” however, is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain since industrial particulates now cover the entire surface of the Earth in a geologically traceable layer of anthropogenic substances.3 Pollution has no place but rather is everyplace, and functions like a form of “dirty traffic,” flowing through both biotic and abiotic cycles alike and entering virtually every organic body and cycle occurring in the biosphere (water, carbon, nitrogen, energy, etc.).4 We now measure amounts of anthropogenically generated or distributed toxins in our body – and the earth’s surfaces – rather than their presence or absence, and so we name our era the “Anthropocene,” the age of human influence on the geological body, and the planetary infusion by dirty traffic.

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Walker, Eric C. "Adoption, Narrative, and Nation, 1800–1850: The Case of William Austin". Journal of British Studies 53, nr 4 (październik 2014): 960–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2014.114.

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AbstractWilliam Austin (1802–1857), the child of Deptford laborers, was adopted de facto as an infant by Princess Caroline, the estranged wife of the Prince of Wales. She rendered the child's identity such a mystery that it prompted the Delicate Investigation in 1806, a quasi-judicial affair published in 1813 in the vexed volume known as The Book. “Prince Austin” was regularly on stage during Caroline's carnivalesque rambles on the Continent from 1814 to 1820, frequently attacked in the loyalist press as “that bastard Billy Austin.” In the uproar of the Queen Caroline affair in 1820, Austin remained a target of loyalist scorn. Because Queen Caroline named him her residuary legatee at her death in 1821, his name registered aftershocks of queenite disruption through the middle of the century. In these narrative contests about Austin's identity, the metonymic traffic between a provisional family form and an absolutist national model bobbed and weaved in a disorderly fashion on the conspicuous stage of a dysfunctional royal family. On this prominent platform, adoptive contingency intermittently confounded closed absolutism.

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Dong, Likuan, i Xin Li. "Evolution of Urban Construction Land Structure Based on Information Entropy and Shift-Share Model: An Empirical Study on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration in China". Sustainability 14, nr 3 (22.01.2022): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031244.

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Urban agglomerations are important carriers of the current world economic development and economic center of gravity shift, while urban construction land structure reflects and influences the functions and development directions of urban agglomerations and cities within them. It is significant to study the characteristics of urban construction land structure in urban agglomerations. Based on information entropy model and shift-share model, this study discusses and analyzes the evolution characteristics and spatial allocation differences of urban construction land structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, and simulates the spatial allocation differences with the help of GIS technology. The empirical research results show that from, 2006 to 2017, the overall structure of urban construction land in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration changes alternately between “orderly” and “disorderly”, and finally the overall development was slightly disordered. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the competitiveness of different types of land in different cities. Among them, green land, public facilities land, and road traffic land show obvious replenishment effect, which are mainly distributed in Handan-Zhangjiakou northwestern Hebei, Tianjin-Cangzhou in the eastern coast, Baoding-Xingtai in central and southern Hebei, while industrial land and storage land, which are mainly distributed in Beijing-Tangshan-Langfang around the capital and Shijiazhuang-Handan-Hengshui in central and southern Hebei, show obvious crowding-out effect. In addition, the temporal changes and spatial allocation differences of urban construction land structure are influenced by many factors, such as economic development, industrial structure, population size, etc. Therefore, it is suggested that the coordinated development of urban agglomerations should adhere to the principle of “differentiated development before coordinated development, local coordinated development before overall coordinated development”.

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Zhang, Jin, Wenquan Li, Guoqing Wang i Jingcai Yu. "Feasibility Study of Transferring Shared Bicycle Users with Commuting Demand to Flex-Route Transit—A Case Study of Nanjing City, China". Sustainability 13, nr 11 (28.05.2021): 6067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116067.

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Shared bicycle users with commuting purposes generally need to take a traditional public transit and then use the shared bicycle to complete the first/last mile transport. While shared bicycle provides convenient travel for travelers, it also brings a series of problems such as disorderly parking and road occupancy. Therefore, exploring the problem of travel mode shift between shared bicycle and public transit is of significance for improving the traffic environment and increasing the sharing rate of public transit. This paper introduces the flex-route transit system and quantitatively analyzes the rationality and feasibility of using flex-route transit to pick up and drop off shared bicycle users with commuting demand from the temporal perspectives. A flex-route transit route design model is established with the objective of minimizing the sum of vehicle driving time cost and passenger time cost, and the time cost models of the shared bicycle commuting system and the flex-route transit system are constructed, compared, and analyzed to explore the feasibility of flex-route transit picking up or dropping off shared bicycle users under different conditions. Through the subsequent sensitivity analysis, the influence of passenger demand density, fixed station spacing, and travel preference attributed to the two systems are analyzed separately. The results demonstrate that the flex-route transit can efficiently complete the picking up or dropping off for shared bicycle users under certain conditions.

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Wong, Evan G., Tarek Razek, Artem Luhovy, Irina Mogilevkina, Yuriy Prudnikov, Fedor Klimovitskiy, Yuriy Yutovets, Kosar A. Khwaja i Dan L. Deckelbaum. "Preparing for Euro 2012: Developing a Hazard Risk Assessment". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, nr 2 (9.02.2015): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15000096.

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AbstractIntroductionRisk assessment is a vital step in the disaster-preparedness continuum as it is the foundation of subsequent phases, including mitigation, response, and recovery.Hypothesis/ProblemTo develop a risk assessment tool geared specifically towards the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Euro 2012.MethodsIn partnership with the Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk Research and Development Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Donetsk Regional Public Health Administration, and the Ministry of Emergency of Ukraine, a table-based tool was created, which, based on historical evidence, identifies relevant potential threats, evaluates their impacts and likelihoods on graded scales based on previous available data, identifies potential mitigating shortcomings, and recommends further mitigation measures.ResultsThis risk assessment tool has been applied in the vulnerability-assessment-phase of the UEFA Euro 2012. Twenty-three sub-types of potential hazards were identified and analyzed. Ten specific hazards were recognized as likely to very likely to occur, including natural disasters, bombing and blast events, road traffic collisions, and disorderly conduct. Preventative measures, such as increased stadium security and zero tolerance for impaired driving, were recommended. Mitigating factors were suggested, including clear, incident-specific preparedness plans and enhanced inter-agency communication.ConclusionThis hazard risk assessment tool is a simple aid in vulnerability assessment, essential for disaster preparedness and response, and may be applied broadly to future international events.WongEG, RazekT, LuhovyA, MogilevkinaI, PrudnikovY, KlimovitskiyF, YutovetsY, KhwajaKA, DeckelbaumDL. Preparing for Euro 2012: developing a hazard risk assessment. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-6.

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Xia, Tianqi, Xiaoya Song, Xuan Song, Min Lu, Shuzhe Huang, Ryosuke Shibasaki i Kyoung-Sook Kim. "From walkability to bikeability: A GIS based analysis of integrating bike sharing service in Tokyo TOD system". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15.07.2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-409-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Transit Oriented Development is the approach of urban development which maximizes the land use of residential, business and leisure around the public transit stops. A good TOD system can not only alleviate the contradiction between traffic congestion and insufficient land use for urban development but also significantly improve the convenience of urban residents' work and life. Moreover, while limiting the disorderly spread of the city, a good TOD system can solve the environmental and traffic problems caused by automobiles and promote synergy and integration between the industries. Traditionally, TOD is designed for facilitating the pedestrians to a convenient access to the public transportation systems so as to increase the usage rate of public transports. Despite pedestrians as the target, there are a lot of passengers move to the station via other means such as bus and bicycle. In the previous research, these two kinds of mobility are not included in the evaluation of TOD system as they have a lot of limitation on interacting with the facilities around railway station. In recent years, sharing bicycle becomes popular for solving the problem of the last one kilometer. Comparing to other means of mobility, sharing bicycle is more flexible than bus and has a higher usage rate than private bicycles. In addition, the sharing bike users have a wider access area than the pedestrians. Thus, sharing bicycle is able to play an important role in TOD system. In Tokyo metropolis, there are over 1000 railway stations and more than 50% of residents commute by railway. Nevertheless, the bike sharing system is available only in some specific area, which indicates a lot of room for the development of bike sharing service. In this research, we follow the previous studies of walkability measurement and apply two indicators include road network connectivity and facility accessibility for illustrating how could bike sharing outperforms walking in a TOD system with the case study of Tokyo 23 wards. The result of this research can instruct the government on improving the current TOD system as well as help build a sustainable society.</p>

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Wang, Yuchen, Jianxiao Ma, Yuhang Liu, Yingjia Bai i Le Xu. "Optimal exit choice during highway tunnel evacuations based on the fire locations". PLOS ONE 16, nr 8 (20.08.2021): e0256523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256523.

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In the case of a fire, the choice of exit in the highway tunnel is strictly limited by fire location, which seriously affects the evacuation time. A spontaneous or disorderly exit choice might result in a decreased evacuation efficiency and utilization rate of exits. In this paper, we propose a strategy to obtain the optimal exit choice based on fire location during highway tunnel evacuations. In our strategy, first, the vehicle distributions and locations of evacuating occupants are determined in the traffic simulation program VISSIM. The evacuation simulation software BuildingEXODUS is employed to obtain the corresponding parameters of the evacuation process and analyze the impacts of different fire locations on the evacuation time. During the analysis, the optimal productivity statistics (OPS) is selected as the evaluation index. Then, the feature points of the crowding occupants are captured by the fuzzy c-means (FCM) cluster algorithm. Next, based on the feature points, the relationship between the location of the fire and boundary of the optimal exit choice under the optimal OPS is obtained through the polynomial regression model. It is found that the R-squared(R2) and sum of squares for error (SSE) of the polynomial regression model, reflecting the accuracy estimation, are 98.02% and 2.79×10−4, respectively. Moreover, different fire locations impact the evacuation time of tunnel entrance and evacuation passageway. This paper shows that the location of the fire and boundary of optimal exit choice have a negative linear correlation. Taking the fire 110 m away from the evacuation passageway as an example, the OPS of our strategy can be decreased by 35.6% when compared with no strategies. Our proposed strategy could be applied to determine the location of variable evacuation signs to help evacuating occupants make optimal exit choices.

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Dung-Gwom, John Y., i Shamsiyyah M. Bashir. "Planning, Housing and Environmental Challenges of Hilltop Settlements in Zinariya and Azurfa Areas of Jos, Nigeria". Urban Studies and Public Administration 5, nr 2 (8.05.2022): p6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v5n2p6.

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Jos is a town in central Nigeria whose growth and development is closely associated with the commercial exploitation and mining of tin ore by the British colonisers at the beginning of the twentieth century. The terrain of the area is generally over 1000m above sea level. Hilltop settlements within Jos have sprang up as a result of the early mining settlements, rapid urbanization, urban expansion and rapid population growth which have exerted high demand for land for housing. The Government and Urban authorities have failed to provide planned and serviced lands on desirable sites to the expanding population, who in turn have resorted to self-help through the open market to provide shelter for themselves often without planning approvals and basic infrastructural facilities. Settlements on steep slopes and hilltops pose peculiar planning challenges arising from the nature of their terrain, costs of construction and maintenance of buildings, poor structural quality of housing, provision of social services and public facilities; poor drainage, inadequate liquid and solid waste management, haphazard development and proclivity to environmental hazards. The growth of hilltop settlements is expected to have major consequences on both humans and the environment, which are inextricably linked. Implications of these hilltop settlements on physical planning in Jos North includes; deviation from the city master plan, difficulty in the provision of services (both physical and social), chaotic and disorderly growth of the city, inaccessibility to vehicular traffic due to poor road network or lack of it. To carry out the study, descriptive research design and quantitative approach were used. primary data was collected from those households living on the hilltop settlements of Azurfa and Zinariya, which are the case study areas, the researcher distributed 400 questionnaires, out of which, 391 (97.8%) responded by filling and returning the questionnaires. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained using primary and secondary sources of data. Appropriate recommendations were made, and if implemented by government, planning agencies and property developers, this will improve the housing, environmental, infrastructural and the quality of lives of residents of the studied hilltop settlements.

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Huang, Zhi Peng, Lin Cheng i Wei Hua Zhang. "Traffic Flow Turbulence Characteristics Research Based on the Cellular Automaton Model". Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (styczeń 2014): 3022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.3022.

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Turbulence coefficient r is introduced to simulate traffic disorder traffic flow characteristics. By analyzing the disturbance vehicles in the driving environment of different disordered state, the values of model simulation under different conditions analysis, using the traffic flow turbulence coefficient r disorder defined traffic flow characteristics, offers new reference for the study of the traffic flow theory. The accident rate and traffic flow turbulence characteristics are simulated and analyzed, which provides the theoretical gist for the simulation study of traffic flow.

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Csahok, Z., i T. Vicsek. "Traffic models with disorder". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 27, nr 16 (21.08.1994): L591—L596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/27/16/005.

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Sreekumar, M., i Tom V. Mathew. "Modeling multi-class disordered traffic flow subject to varying vehicle composition using the concept of traversable distance". International Journal of Modern Physics C 31, nr 12 (10.10.2020): 2050170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183120501703.

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Disordered traffic stream at the microscopic level can be described as a permeable medium. Each vehicle is considered to traverse through a series of lateral gaps created by other vehicles. We develop a multi-class traffic flow model that considers such viable and accessible gaps for individual vehicle classes to traverse downstream. The model accounts for the varying shares of different vehicle classes. The concept of traversable distance and modified equilibrium speed functions are used to model the interplay among multiple vehicle classes. Using a higher order finite volume approximation method, evolution for a two-class traffic stream is shown. This model replicates prominent empirical characteristics exhibited by multi-class disordered traffic such as overtaking and creeping. Varying shares of smaller vehicles affect queue formation and discharge characteristics, and have significant impacts on roadway capacity. The model also could compute dynamic class-specific travel times at different vehicular compositions more realistically.

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Chiang, Yi-Ying, Pang-Yao Tsai, Pei-Chun Chen, Mei-Hui Yang, Chi-Yuan Li, Fung-Chang Sung i Kuen-Bao Chen. "Sleep Disorders and Traffic Accidents". Epidemiology 23, nr 4 (lipiec 2012): 643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318258cf9a.

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Bengrine, Mouna, Abdelilah Benyoussef, Hamid Ez-Zahraouy i Fouad Mhirech. "Traffic model with quenched disorder". Physics Letters A 253, nr 3-4 (marzec 1999): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(99)00013-4.

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Kunitsin, G. A., А. А. Pridein, O. V. Samokhina, D. V. Nizhel’skii i E. M. Gitman. "Elaboration of weatherproof steel 06гн3мд for structures of bridges exploited in coastal zone". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, nr 7 (1.08.2021): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-7-811-819.

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At present decreasing of costs and increasing of efficiency are the most priority directions in any industry. Developing in this way, JSC “Ural steel” together with FGUP “CNIIchermet after I.P. Barding” had mastered production of sheet metal product with increased resistivity against atmosphere corrosion made of steel 14ХГНДЦ for construction of bridges. Because of specific chemical composition of the steel, in the process of metal structures running in the open air, a solid strong oxide film is formed on the metal of the structures which prevents further corrosion without painting. For bridge builders elimination of costly operation of painting of span structures will enable to decrease considerably the costs of bridges construction and running. Having many advantages, steel 14ХГНДЦ has some restrictions in applications for steel structures without painting, as follows: - in sea zone according to domestic norms no close than 500 m from coastline; - in case of disorderly conditions of protective film formation and/or application of salt solutions for surface cleaning (as a rule the restrictions refer to traffic area of bridge span). In view of that for JSC “Ural Steel”, as the leading producer of bridge steel in Russia, an actual task erose: to elaborate and create a weatherproof steel, which could not only operate the whole period of a bridge running without additional protection at bridges construction through sea areas or close to coastline, but also withstand severe climate conditions of our country, including areas of High North with temperature lower -50°С. To solve the task together with OJSC “Institute Giprostroymost” and JSC BNIIZhT, a research work was accomplished to elaborate a system of alloying new steel 06ГН3МД with nickel content ~3.0 %, as well as production modes ensuring required corrosion resistance for operation in sea zone. Results of laboratory studies of the new weatherproof steel 06ГН3МД for application in bridge structures for coastal conditions and sea areas presented. Results of mechanical, technological, corrosion as well as fatigue tests of rolling products of the elaborated steel presented. It was established by laboratory studies that the new steel is weatherproofed and ensures lower corrosion losses, higher impact toughness at negative temperatures and plasticity comparing with steels used at present. It was shown that the strength class, technology and modes of factory welding of steel 06ГН3МД meet the requirements to steel span structures of bridges. Base on the results of the studies, the chemical composition of the steel 06ГН3МД was specified, as well as modes of heat treatment, ensuring the required characteristics with significant acceding. It was established that samples of the new steel 06ГН3МД showed considerably higher corrosion resistance - in average by 20% comparing with steel 14ХГНДЦ. At that corrosion resistance tests of welded joints of the new steel showed even higher resistance of the seam comparing with the basic metal, which speaks about quality selection of welding modes and welding materials.

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Mathieson, Lesley. "Voice disorders following road traffic accidents". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, nr 10 (październik 1997): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100138940.

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Djuric, Predrag, i Danka Filipovic. "Level of neurotic disorders among drivers causing traffic accidents". Medical review 60, nr 7-8 (2007): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0708365d.

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Different aspects of driver personality may affect traffic safety. Extended driver reaction time causes deceleration of the reflexes, which is a major cause of traffic accidents. Cornell index was used in 30 drivers responsible for traffic accidents, with the aim to measure their level of neurotic disorder and compare them with results of controls (drivers not responsible for traffic accidents). Reaction time was measured and compared among subjects with normal results of Cornell test and those with pathological findings. Drivers causing traffic accidents showed significantly higher Cornell index scores than drivers not responsible for traffic accidents. Drivers with pathological results of Cornell index showed a significantly longer reaction time.

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Lidsky, Peter V., Stanleyson Hato, Maryana V. Bardina, Alexei G. Aminev, Ann C. Palmenberg, Eugene V. Sheval, Vladimir Y. Polyakov, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld i Vadim I. Agol. "Nucleocytoplasmic Traffic Disorder Induced by Cardioviruses". Journal of Virology 80, nr 6 (15.03.2006): 2705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.6.2705-2717.2006.

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ABSTRACT Some picornaviruses, for example, poliovirus, increase bidirectional permeability of the nuclear envelope and suppress active nucleocytoplasmic transport. These activities require the viral protease 2Apro. Here, we studied nucleocytoplasmic traffic in cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV; a cardiovirus), which lacks the poliovirus 2Apro-related protein. EMCV similarly enhanced bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic traffic. By using the fluorescent “Timer” protein, which contains a nuclear localization signal, we showed that the cytoplasmic accumulation of nuclear proteins in infected cells was largely due to the nuclear efflux of “old” proteins rather than impaired active nuclear import of newly synthesized molecules. The nuclear envelope of digitonin-treated EMCV-infected cells permitted rapid efflux of a nuclear marker protein. Inhibitors of poliovirus 2Apro did not prevent the EMCV-induced efflux. Extracts from EMCV-infected cells and products of in vitro translation of viral RNAs contained an activity increasing permeability of the nuclear envelope of uninfected cells. This activity depended on the expression of the viral leader protein. Mutations disrupting the zinc finger motif of this protein abolished its efflux-inducing ability. Inactivation of the L protein phosphorylation site (Thr47→Ala) resulted in a delayed efflux, while a phosphorylation-mimicking (Thr47→Asp) replacement did not significantly impair the efflux-inducing ability. Such activity of extracts from EMCV-infected cells was suppressed by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. As evidenced by electron microscopy, cardiovirus infection resulted in alteration of the nuclear pores, but it did not trigger degradation of the nucleoporins known to be degraded in the poliovirus-infected cells. Thus, two groups of picornaviruses, enteroviruses and cardioviruses, similarly alter the nucleocytoplasmic traffic but achieve this by strikingly different mechanisms.

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Mayakuntla, Sai Kiran, i Ashish Verma. "Cell Transmission Modeling of Heterogeneous Disordered Traffic". Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 145, nr 7 (lipiec 2019): 04019027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jtepbs.0000248.

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Harris, R. J., i R. B. Stinchcombe. "Ideal and disordered two-lane traffic models". Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 354 (sierpień 2005): 582–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.02.030.

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Zhang, Yi, i Chang Hua Li. "Research on Measure of Disorder in Traffic Flow Using 2D Entropy". Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (czerwiec 2014): 2510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2510.

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The effective measure of the disorder in a traffic flow has a great significance to improve the traffic condition and reduce the negative impact on environment caused by traffic jams. Since the traffic one-dimension entropy cannot reflect the spatial distribution characteristics, this paper proposed and defined traffic two-dimension entropy that reflected the statistical information of vehicle types and spatial distribution. In order to reflect the actual condition of a road, the weight of space around a vehicle was used in the simulation. The simulation results showed that: traffic two-dimension entropy to quantify and describe the disorder in traffic flow is reasonable and effective.

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Blanchard, Edward B., i Connie H. Veazey. "Mental disorders resulting from road traffic accidents". Current Opinion in Psychiatry 14, nr 2 (marzec 2001): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-200103000-00008.

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Ez-Zahraouy, H., i A. Benyoussef. "Disorder effect on the traffic flow behavior". European Physical Journal B 64, nr 3-4 (7.03.2008): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2008-00097-9.

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Ke-Ping, Li, Gao Zi-You i Chen Tian-Lun. "Controlling Disorder in Traffic Flow by Perturbation". Communications in Theoretical Physics 42, nr 5 (15.11.2004): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/42/5/711.

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Field, L. H. "Somatoform pain disorder after road traffic accidents". BMJ 308, nr 6921 (8.01.1994): 137–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6921.137b.

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Kieling, R. R., C. M. Szobot, B. Matte, R. S. Coelho, C. Kieling, F. Pechansky i L. A. Rohde. "Mental disorders and delivery motorcycle drivers (motoboys): A dangerous association". European Psychiatry 26, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.004.

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AbstractObjectiveLow and middle-income countries experience an expressive growth in the number of circulating motorcycles, paralleled by an increasing number of traffic accidents. Delivery motorcycles drivers (“motoboys”) are generally perceived as accountable for this scenario. Although traffic accidents have a multivariate etiology, mental disorders, such as substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are often involved. This paper aims at investigating the prevalence of ADHD, SUD and other mental disorders in a sample of Brazilian motoboys, and additionally, to evaluate the association between psychiatric diagnoses, motorcycle accidents and traffic violation tickets.MethodA convenient sample of subjects was invited to participate in a cross-sectional assessment including an inventory of traffic accidents and violations. Psychiatric diagnoses were based on semi-structured and clinical interviews.ResultsA sample of 101 motoboys was assessed. Overall, 75% of subjects had a positive lifetime history of at least one psychiatric disorder. SUD was the most frequent diagnosis (43.6% for alcohol, 39.6% for cannabis). ADHD was associated with a higher number of traffic accidents (p = 0.002), and antisocial personality disorder (APD) was associated with a greater number of traffic violations (p = 0.007).ConclusionsThe prevalence of mental disorders was much higher in our sample than in the general population. ADHD and APD, but not SUD, were associated with negative traffic outcomes. These findings have implications for public mental health planning since mental disorders can be both prevented and treated, improving driving behavior and increasing road safety.

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Li, Song, Li-jun Liu i Guo-guang He. "A Measuring Method for Disorder Motion in Traffic Flow Based on Traffic Entropy". Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development (English Edition) 3, nr 1 (lipiec 2008): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jhtrcq.0000231.

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Sihag, Gurmesh, Manoranjan Parida i Praveen Kumar. "Travel Time Prediction for Traveler Information System in Heterogeneous Disordered Traffic Conditions Using GPS Trajectories". Sustainability 14, nr 16 (14.08.2022): 10070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610070.

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Precise travel time prediction allows travelers and system controllers to be aware of the future conditions on roadways and helps in pre-trip planning and traffic control strategy formulation to lessen the travel time and mitigate traffic congestion problems. This research investigates the possibility of using the GPS trajectory dataset for travel time prediction in Indian traffic conditions having heterogeneous disordered traffic and improvement in prediction accuracy by shifting from the traditional historical average method to modern machine learning algorithms such as linear regressions, decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting regression. The present study uses massive location data consisting of historical trajectories that were collected by installing GPS devices on the probe vehicles. A 3.6 km long stretch of the Delhi–Noida Direct (DND) flyway is selected as a case study to predict the travel time and compare the performance as well as the efficiency of various travel time prediction algorithms.

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Naz, Somiya, Ambrin Kousar, Bakhtawar Aslam, Anum Matiullah i Saira Waqar. "Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Traffic Police in Rawalpindi and Islamabad". Rehabilitation Communications 1, nr 01 (31.12.2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55627/rehab.001.01.0195.

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A significant increase in the population in the last few decades in Pakistan has made controlling vehicular traffic an extremely challenging duty for traffic police personnel. Consequently, traffic police personnel are at risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). Therefore, the need to determine this risk is important. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WRMSDs among traffic police officers. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted within the premises of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A questionnaire was distributed to 320 traffic police personnel. Active service traffic police having job experience of more than a year were included. Pregnant women and individuals with certain pathologies were excluded from the study to make the study bias-free. Data were collected using the convenient sampling technique. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was incorporated in the survey to determine the prevalence of WRMSDs among traffic police in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, while questions related to occupation and demographic data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Most of the participants (70%) reported pain. This study reported low back (43%) as the most common region for pain, followed by the neck (31%), upper back (26%), shoulder(21%), knee(18%), ankle(13%), and wrist(7%). Traffic police have a high prevalence of WRMSDs. This study supports the need for ergonomic intervention at job sites and modifications in the fitness training of traffic police.

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Nagatani, Takashi. "Control of vehicular traffic through a sequence of traffic lights positioned with disordered interval". Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 368, nr 2 (sierpień 2006): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.031.

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Yim, Soo Hwan, Jae Wook Cho, Jun-Sang Sunwoo, Daeyoung Kim, Dae Lim Koo, Hee-Jin Im, Hyeyun Kim, Kyung Min Kim i Kwang IK Yang. "Sleep Disorders and Risk of Motor Vehicle Accident". Journal of Sleep Medicine 18, nr 2 (31.08.2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13078/jsm.210017.

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Driving is a complicated process that demands coordination between a range of neurocognitive functions, including attention, visuo-perception, and appropriate judgment, as well as sensory and motor responses. Therefore, several factors may reduce the driving performance of an individual, such as sleepiness, distraction, overspeeding, alcohol consumption, and sedative drugs, all of which increase the hazard of motor vehicle accidents. Among them, drowsy driving is a major cause of traffic accidents, leading to more serious injuries as compared to other causes of major traffic accidents. Although sleep disorders have been highly associated among drowsy drivers, they are often untreated and unrecognized as a disease. In particular, obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy are some sleep disorders that are highly related to traffic accidents. Insomnia, which can cause inadequate sleep duration and promote sedative effects from sleeping pills, may also cause traffic accidents. These conditions are especially applicable to commercial bus or truck drivers, nocturnal workers, and shift workers, who are highly vulnerable to drowsy driving. Therefore, assertive screening and management of sleep disorders are necessary in general private drivers and relevant occupational drivers.

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Tiefeh, Najmollah, Hasan Behboudi, RezaSoltani Moghadam i MortezaFallah Karkan. "Vision disorders in drivers involved in traffic accidents". Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research 12, nr 4 (2017): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jovr.jovr_169_17.

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Soma, Keiko, i Takanobu Kunihiro. "Smell and Taste Disorders after a Traffic Accident". Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 105, nr 11 (2012): 1091–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.105.1091.

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Komada, Yoko, Shoichi Asaoka, Takashi Abe i Yuichi Inoue. "Short sleep duration, sleep disorders, and traffic accidents". IATSS Research 37, nr 1 (lipiec 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2013.06.001.

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Ke-Ping, Li, i Gao Zi-You. "Transition from Disorder to Order in Traffic Flow". Chinese Physics Letters 21, nr 7 (lipiec 2004): 1212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/21/7/008.

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Schmitz, G., G. Assmann, H. Robenek i B. Brennhausen. "Tangier disease: a disorder of intracellular membrane traffic." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 82, nr 18 (1.09.1985): 6305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.82.18.6305.

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