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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Disinformation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Hameleers, Michael, Toni G. L. A. van der Meer i Tom Dobber. "You Won’t Believe What They Just Said! The Effects of Political Deepfakes Embedded as Vox Populi on Social Media". Social Media + Society 8, nr 3 (lipiec 2022): 205630512211163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221116346.

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Disinformation has been regarded as a key threat to democracy. Yet, we know little about the effects of different modalities of disinformation, or the impact of disinformation disseminated through (inauthentic) social media accounts of ordinary citizens. To test the effects of different forms of disinformation and their embedding, we conducted an experimental study in the Netherlands ( N = 1,244). In this experiment, we investigated the effects of disinformation (contrasted to both similar and dissimilar authentic political speeches), the role of modality (textual manipulation versus a deepfake), and the disinformation’s embedding on social media (absent, endorsed or discredited by an (in)authentic citizen). Our main findings indicate that deepfakes are less credible than authentic news on the same topic. Deepfakes are not more persuasive than textual disinformation. Although we did find that disinformation has effects on the perceived credibility and source evaluations of people who tend to agree with the stance of the disinformation’s arguments, our findings suggest that the strong societal concerns on deepfakes’ destabilizing impact on democracy are not completely justified.

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Colley, Thomas, Francesca Granelli i Jente Althuis. "DISINFORMATION’S SOCIETAL IMPACT: BRITAIN, COVID, AND BEYOND". Defence Strategic Communications, nr 8 (3.07.2020): 89–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.30966/2018.riga.8.3.

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Disinformation is widely perceived as a profound threat to democracies. The result is an explosion of research on disinformation’s spread and the countermeasures taken against it. Most research has focused on false content spread online. Yet little research has demonstrated the societal impact of disinformation on areas such as trust and social cohesion. Policy responses are mainly based on disinformation’s presumed impact rather than on its actual impact. This paper advances disinformation research by asking how we can assess its impact more productively, and how research could better inform policy responses to disinformation. It uses examples from Britain between the 2016 ‘Brexit’ referendum campaign and the 2019 General Election, including some preliminary commentary on disinformation during the initial months of the COVID-19 outbreak. First it considers the limitations of existing disinformation research, and how it could address impact more effectively. It then considers how policy responses have been self-limiting by framing the solution as simply reducing the general amount of disinformation online and/or ‘inoculating’ citizens. Instead we argue for an event or issue-specific focus. This culturally-specific, sociological approach considers different forms of disinformation, the hybrid media systems through which they spread, and the complex offline and online social networks through which impact may occur.

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Huang, Jingjin. "Information Warfare in the Digital Age: Legal Responses to the Spread of False Information under Public International Law". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 28 (1.04.2024): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/46jmtq31.

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Disinformation, the deliberate spread of false or misleading information, presents a pressing challenge in today's global landscape. This study examines its profound impact on the international community and assesses the effectiveness of current international legal frameworks in addressing this threat. Disinformation campaigns, facilitated by digital technology, erode trust in institutions, manipulate public opinion, and exacerbate social divisions. The consequences of disinformation transcend borders, making it a formidable global issue. This research critically evaluates existing international efforts to combat disinformation, highlighting their limitations in adapting to this rapidly evolving problem. While international law acknowledges the gravity of the issue, it struggles to provide comprehensive solutions. To enhance international law's role in countering disinformation, this study emphasizes the necessity of transnational cooperation. Collaborative approaches involving nations, international organizations, and technology companies are crucial to mitigating disinformation's global impact. This study underscores the urgency of addressing disinformation's threats to global security, democracy, and social cohesion. International law must adapt to effectively combat this challenge, fostering cooperation and establishing norms to preserve peace and trust in an interconnected world.

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Sepúlveda, Rita, i Miguel Crespo. "Classifying disinformation on dating platforms: swiping left on fake profiles, false information and deceiving intentions". Hipertext.net, nr 28 (30.05.2024): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/hipertext.net.2024.i28.06.

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Little attention has been given to disinformation in the context of dating platforms. Dating apps become an attractive means for disinformative agents to target users, since their design and affordances shape users’ behaviours and can contribute to the creation and dissemination of disinformation. This study explores how online daters define, perceive and experience disinformation on dating platforms, and the impact it can have on usage and behaviours. A mixed method approach was employed combining a survey (n=309) with interviews (n=11). Findings show that although disinformation has its own theoretical framework online daters perceive it beyond, pointing to differences in how it is theoretically conceptualized and how it is experienced. Users hold dating platforms responsible for not detecting disinformation efficiently, pointing to the need for mandatory verification of users’ information. While dating platforms employ several technologies and strategies to deal with disinformation, users rate them as insufficient.

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White, Will. "Disinformation and Scholarly Communications". Defence Strategic Communications 11 (3.02.2023): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30966/2018.riga.11.5.

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Much has been written lately on disinformation, particularly regarding right-wing extremism and COVID-19. Few attempts, however, have been made to classify specific forms of disinformation, and little attention has been paid to disinformation’s impact on scholarly communications. This essay identifies three types of disinformation affecting academic publishing based on authorial intent: parodic, which critiques the scholarly process through mimicry and humour; opportunist, which seeks to promote the author’s scholarly image; and malicious, which distorts the reader’s perception of a controversial issue like vaccination or climate change. In doing so, the paper provides an overview of notable instances of published disinformation, such as the Sokal affair, while highlighting the current threat of pandemic-related disinformation posing as scholarly research. The malicious disinformation section also explores how academic and pseudoscientific parlance can be adopted by white nationalists and conspiracy theorists. This paper demonstrates that a taxonomic approach to published disinformation can simultaneously make identifying falsified academic research easier, while exposing vulnerabilities in the publishing system. Furthermore, it also attempts to raise awareness of published disinformation as not just a problem confined to academia, but rather a contributor to the ongoing ‘culture wars’ and a potential threat to both public health and national security.

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6

Dorosh, Lesia. "Response to hybrid threats: peculiarities of the European Union strategy on countering the disinformation". Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, nr 27 (2020): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-27-106-116.

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The features of the European Union’s comprehensive strategy on countering the disinformation have been analyzed. It is emphasized on the creation of the legal framework and the activities of institutions aimed at countering the hybrid challenges, combating disinformation, exposing false messages and strengthening of the independent media. 10 actions of the EU to tackle the disinformation have been analyzed, such as creating the EuvsDisinfo public database, protection the integrity of EU elections, debunking Euromyths, monitoring disinformation messages with the Rapid Alert System, establishing the EU-wide Code of Practice on Disinformation, organizing events that promote media literacy, empowering civil society to both identify and expose disinformation, facilitating the work of fact-checkers, creating campaigns that raize public awareness on the disinformation’s negative effects, supporting media freedom and pluralism for a healthy democracy. The instruments of the EU in response to the hybrid threats such as the East StratCom Task Force (ESTF), the Hybrid Fusion Cell (HFC) and the Rapid Alert System - Disinformation (RAS-DIS) have been monitored. It has been determined that the EU is particularly attentive to practical training in combating hybrid threats. It is alleged that the use of a multilevel, cross-sectoral approach enables the EU to gradually increase its defence to counter modern hybrid threats. It is highlighted that Ukraine, which is suffering from the hybrid war, should involve the experience of the use of the instruments developed within the EU, adopting and sharing experience in combating disinformation and provide the resistance to hybrid challenges.

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7

Vandamme, Fernand, Peter Kaczmarski i Wang Lin. "Disinformation, Critical Thinking and Dyssocial Techniques and Methods". Communication & Cognition 55, nr 1-2 (czerwiec 2022): 49–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.57028/c55-049-z1022.

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One of the wonders of disinformation, is the popularity, which is very quickly generated by the bullies, the manipulators, the users of dyssocial, hypocritic methods and techniques. In this study, we do not only give an overview in the main techniques and methods for generation successful and efficient disinformation methods in view of better fighting the disinformation methods. To be efficient in these fights, it is vital to be aware why these bullies and disinformation actors are becoming so easily that popular. We are able to clarify these basic process of popularity generation by these disinformation producing actors. Moreover disinformation and critical thinking are phenomena which are very central in all issues concerning communication and cognition. However there are a lot of methods and techniques which are being used for making and producing disinformation, but which are also very important in ways to avoid, to defeat, to overcome and to limit the impact of the methods and techniques which are being used for making and producing disinformation. Some of those methods or techniques can be very noble in some domains or situations and nevertheless be very dangerous to hamper, to harm people if used to abuse. We think about using and abusing empathy and compassion. We introduce an overview of a lot of techniques and methods, which are used to generate disinformation. We also indicate ways how to defend against these methods and techniques. The methods discussed are: manipulation methods and techniques, bullying techniques, the mechanism of “fake news” production, based on the 16th century theory and practice of casuistry and probabilism, which are still highly relevant today, the dyssocial methods and techniques, the C and DC fractals, abuse of empathy and compassion. In this paper special attention is paid to stimulating and training critical thinking and NEG-critical thinking in children, adolescents, adults, seniors and nestors; to grids for detection and assessment of disinformation methods and techniques; to dynamic harmony challenges concerning cooperation versus self-protection in the face of disinformation challenges (of organizations, individuals, groups). Another challenge is how to exploit and use the assessments of manipulations and disinformation’s in the media, between colleagues, between companies, in wartime…

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8

Bertolami, Charles N. "Misinformation? Disinformation?" Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 80, nr 9 (wrzesień 2022): 1455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2022.06.009.

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9

Rosenberger, Laura. "Disinformation Disorientation". Journal of Democracy 31, nr 1 (2020): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.2020.0017.

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Sharkey, Jacqueline. "DisInformation, DatInformation". Peace Review 5, nr 1 (marzec 1993): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659308425695.

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Trotter, M. Joy. "Dilation Disinformation". Probation Journal 37, nr 4 (grudzień 1990): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455059003700418.

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Lago, Ignacio, Marc Guinjoan i Sandra Bermúdez. "Regulating Disinformation". Public Opinion Quarterly 79, nr 4 (2015): 932–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfv036.

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Yamey, G. "HIV disinformation". Western Journal of Medicine 173, nr 5 (1.11.2000): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.173.5.300.

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Rychlak, Ronald J. "Communist Disinformation". Catholic Social Science Review 24 (2019): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cssr20192438.

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The Cold War was an intelligence war, waged by the Soviets with a powerful weapon called disinformation. Soviets used this weapon to strike against Western values, heroes, and institutions. They aggressively used it to spread atheism into the highly Catholic nations over which they had gained control in World War II. Catholic prelates, including Cardinals Wyszyński of Poland, Mindszenty of Hungary, and Stepinac of Croatia, were among the earliest targets. Eventually, even the wartime pontiff, Pius XII, was falsely portrayed. Whereas the false depictions, created for political reasons, do harm to truth, the Church, and mankind, faith in the Church’s teachings has been a source of great strength for many who have been subjected to disinformation. In a world where Christianity is often under assault, those who can distinguish between truth and falsehoods told for political advantage must serve as beacons of light and reflections of the good that can come from pursuing the truth while remaining faithful to the Church.

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15

Moskalenko, Sophia, i Ekaterina Romanova. "Deadly Disinformation". Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 5, nr 2 (24.11.2022): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v5i2.5032.

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Viral online disinformation is misleading content that is generated to manipulate public opinion and to circulate rapidly in the digital space. Although viral disinformation has become an instrument for radicalization, the specific psychological mechanisms by which disinformation can be weaponized––wielded as mobilizing and radicalizing political tools––are not yet well-understood. In this paper, we establish the potential of concerted disinformation efforts to impact mass radicalization and political violence, first through historical precedents of deadly disinformation campaigns, then in modern-day examples from the USA and Russia. Comparing and contrasting political effects of two recent disinformation campaigns, QAnon’s #SaveTheChildren campaign in the USA, and anti-LGBTQ disinformation campaign in Russia, this paper highlights the significance of LGBTQ contagion threat—a notion that people can be “turned” into LGBTQ through deliberate outside influence. The psychological and political consequences of such messaging, its main target audience, and vulnerability factors rendering individuals especially susceptible to its radicalizing effects are discussed.

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16

Voas, Jeffrey. "“Propagating” Disinformation". Computer 56, nr 12 (grudzień 2023): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2023.3297809.

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M, Alice, Daniel K i Francesca B. "Disinformation Campaign". Scientific American 31, nr 3s (czerwiec 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericansocialjustice0622-12.

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Ahlborn, Juliane, Dan Verständig i Philip Karsch. "Debunking Disinformation". MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung 59 (8.04.2024): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/59/2024.04.08.x.

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Desinformationen haben mit dem digitalen Wandel eine neue Qualität erreicht. Für den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt und das Gelingen demokratischer Prozesse gehört das Erkennen von und der Umgang mit Desinformation sowohl auf individueller als auch gesellschaftlicher Ebene zu den zentralen Herausforderungen. Doch allein das Erkennen genügt oft nicht, um Desinformationen und postfaktischen Überzeugungen effektiv entgegenzuwirken. Dementsprechend schlagen wir im Beitrag einen Ansatz vor, der sich der aktiven Dekonstruktion von Desinformationen widmet und auch die kreative Gestaltung von Narrativen und Weltbildern in den Mittelpunkt rückt. Der Beitrag setzt dafür zunächst die Konzeption Öffentlichkeit ins Verhältnis zu Desinformationen und digitalen Technologien. Anschliessend werden am Beispiel von Datenvisualisierungen und Karten einige kreative Datenpraktiken vorgestellt und diskutiert, um das Erkennen, Gestalten und Dekonstruieren aus einer medienpädagogischen Perspektive heraus zu adressieren.

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Antoliš, Krunoslav, i Jurica Pačelat. "Debunking Disinformation". Medijska istraživanja 30, nr 1 (24.06.2024): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22572/mi.30.1.2.

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Razotkrivanje dezinformacija izuzetno je važan proces koji se odnosi na otkrivanje, analizu i pružanje ispravnih informacija, kako bi se ispravile i osporile lažne ili obmanjujuće tvrdnje. Prilikom razotkrivanja dezinformacija važno je provjeriti izvor informacije i potražiti druge nezavisne izvore potvrde ili osporavanja tvrdnje. Analizom sadržaja potrebno je identificirati nedosljednosti, nelogičnosti i manipulativne tehnike. Provjera faktografskih podataka i provjera konteksta, uz potrebitu razinu skeptičnosti prema primljenim informacijama, imaju za cilj dijeljenje samo provjerenih informacija s drugima. Razotkrivanje dezinformacija zahtijeva vrijeme, istraživanje i kritično razmišljanje te poznavanje softverskih alata koji pri tome mogu pomoći. Važno je biti educirani potrošač informacija i razviti nastavne programe za prepoznavanje lažnih ili obmanjujućih tvrdnji, kako bi se na odgovoran i meritoran način mogli baviti policijskim poslom. Spomenuto je uključeno u istraživanje koje je imalo za cilj ispitati stavove, vjerovanja i navike ponašanja vezane za dezinformacije na internetu kod studenata Veleučilišta kriminalistike i javne sigurnosti te ispitati potencijalne prediktore tih ponašanja. U istraživanju u kojem je sudjelovalo 278 sudionika korištena su dva novokreirana upitnika, od kojih svaki sadrži 4 subskale (Upitnik stavova i vjerovanja o dezinformacijama – utjecaj dezinformacija, svrha dezinformacija, raspoznavanje dezinformacija te učestalost dezinformacija; Upitnik ponašanja na internetu – zaštita od dezinformacija, zaštita sigurnosti, negativna iskustva na internetu, korištenje društvenih mreža i internetskih portala). U radu su prezentirani preliminarni deskriptivni podaci prikupljeni istraživanjem, kao i podaci regresijske analize koji su rezultirali dvama značajnim prediktorima – pojedinci koji vjerojatnije koriste metode za zaštitu vlastite privatnosti i sigurnosti na internetu te pojedinci koji smatraju da su bolje informirani o opasnostima i načinima raspoznavanja dezinformacija češće koriste metode za provjeru istinitosti informacija. S obzirom na rezultate istraživanja, u rada su predloženi ishodi učenja za kreiranje kolegija koji bi u fokusu imao razotkrivanje dezinformacija.

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Duffy, Farifteh Firoozmand, Gerald P. McDonnell, Margeaux V. Auslander, Stephanie A. Bricault, Paul Y. Kim, Nicholas W. Rachlin i Phillip J. Quartana. "US Soldiers’ Individual and Unit-level Factors Associated with Perceptions of Disinformation in the Military Context". Military Medicine 188, Supplement_6 (1.11.2023): 698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usad322.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Although the US Government considers threats of misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information to rise to the level of terrorism, little is known about service members’ experiences with disinformation in the military context. We examined soldiers’ perceptions of disinformation impact on the Army and their units. We also investigated associations between disinformation perceptions and soldiers’ sociodemographic characteristics, reported use of fact-checking, and perceptions of unit cohesion and readiness Methods Active-duty soldiers (N = 19,465) across two large installations in the Southwest US completed an anonymous online survey Results Sixty-six percent of soldiers agreed that disinformation has a negative impact on the Army. Thirty-three percent of soldiers perceived disinformation as a problem in their unit. Females were more likely to agree that disinformation has a negative impact on the Army and is a problem in their unit. Higher military rank was associated with lower odds of agreeing that disinformation is a problem in units. Most soldiers were confident about their ability to recognize disinformation (62%) and reported using fact-checking resources (53%), and these factors were most often endorsed by soldiers who agreed that disinformation is a problem for the Army and their unit. Soldiers’ perceptions of unit cohesion and readiness were negatively associated with the perception that disinformation is a problem in their unit Conclusion While the majority of soldiers viewed disinformation as a problem across the Army, fewer perceived it as problematic within their units. Higher levels of reported fact-checking were most evident among those who perceived disinformation as a problem, suggesting that enhancing awareness of the problem of disinformation alone could help mitigate its deleterious impact. Perceptions of disinformation problems within units were associated with soldiers’ perceptions of lower unit cohesion and readiness, highlighting misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information’s impact on force readiness. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

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Fang, Bing, Fan Zhang, Limin Hou, Enpeng Hu, Jingwen Zhang, Junyang Shen i Yang Chen. "A Proposed Method for Predicting User Disinformation Forwarding Behavior". Scientific Programming 2022 (2.03.2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9216063.

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At present, social network sites (SNSs) have become the major channels by which disinformation is released and disseminated. Without the effective control of disinformation on social media, a serious threat to social stability may occur. Different from traditional media, forwarding has become the key approach to propagating information on social media. Therefore, if the users who will forward the disinformation are identified in advance, they can be prevented from forwarding the disinformation and the harmful effects of disinformation will be minimized. To identify the users who will forward the disinformation, we should predict the probability of an individual forwarding disinformation. We propose a novel method to predict the disinformation forwarding probability of individuals on a social network. The proposed method extracts the features that affect individual disinformation forwarding, especially extracting features related to the susceptibility of users to disinformation. With combining bootstrap sampling and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to learn unobserved features, the proposed method utilizes both observed and unobserved features to predict the disinformation forwarding probability of individuals. Using data from “Weibo,” which is the largest social media platform in China, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Prasojo, Muhamad Lukman Arifianto i Azhar Irfansyah. "Disinformation As A Contemporary Security Threat: A Literature Review". KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 18, nr 1 (30.04.2024): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v18i1.1637.

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Disinformation has become a threat to public security and order. Disinformation is a strategy to obscure information by spreading information that is deliberately false and false. Whatever the purpose of disinformation, the public will be the victims. Given its status as a threat, it requires appropriate policing measures to prevent the spread of disinformation. To counter disinformation, it is necessary to develop strategies by empowering communities to counteract disinformation when it occurs. By using the literature review method, this research will show some community empowerment policies that can be done to prevent the spread of disinformation.

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Song, Xingyi, Johann Petrak, Ye Jiang, Iknoor Singh, Diana Maynard i Kalina Bontcheva. "Classification aware neural topic model for COVID-19 disinformation categorisation". PLOS ONE 16, nr 2 (18.02.2021): e0247086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247086.

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The explosion of disinformation accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic has overloaded fact-checkers and media worldwide, and brought a new major challenge to government responses worldwide. Not only is disinformation creating confusion about medical science amongst citizens, but it is also amplifying distrust in policy makers and governments. To help tackle this, we developed computational methods to categorise COVID-19 disinformation. The COVID-19 disinformation categories could be used for a) focusing fact-checking efforts on the most damaging kinds of COVID-19 disinformation; b) guiding policy makers who are trying to deliver effective public health messages and counter effectively COVID-19 disinformation. This paper presents: 1) a corpus containing what is currently the largest available set of manually annotated COVID-19 disinformation categories; 2) a classification-aware neural topic model (CANTM) designed for COVID-19 disinformation category classification and topic discovery; 3) an extensive analysis of COVID-19 disinformation categories with respect to time, volume, false type, media type and origin source.

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Moskalenko, Sophia. "DEADLY DISINFORMATION: LGBTQ CONTAGION NARRATIVES AS RADICALIZING DISINFORMATION IN RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA". Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 5, nr 3 (31.01.2023): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v5i3.5171.

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On November 21, 2022, Dr. Sophia Moskalenko presented on Deadly Disinformation: LGBTQ Contagion Narratives as Radicalizing Disinformation in Russian Propaganda for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the historical uses of disinformation and how it relates to modern disinformation, the three categories which disinformation aims to target, and the disinformation campaign in Russia. Received: 2023-01-05Revised: 2023-01-10

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Ahmad, Norita, Nash Milic i Mohammed Ibahrine. "Data and Disinformation". Computer 54, nr 7 (lipiec 2021): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2021.3074261.

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Zihan, L., i Xiao Wang. "Vaccination against Disinformation". Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013216250016974-4.

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King, David. "Invective and Disinformation". Nature Biotechnology 11, nr 8 (sierpień 1993): 860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0893-860d.

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Goldberg, Rebecca J. "Invective and Disinformation". Nature Biotechnology 11, nr 8 (sierpień 1993): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0893-861.

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Rothkopf, David J. "The Disinformation Age". Foreign Policy, nr 114 (1999): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1149592.

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Carter, Daniel. "Weapons of disinformation". Index on Censorship 43, nr 1 (marzec 2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422014521742.

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Greenberg, Dan. "Disinformation and fraud". Nature 327, nr 6121 (czerwiec 1987): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/327362a0.

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Heilemann, Peter P. "Disinformation and fraud". Nature 327, nr 6121 (czerwiec 1987): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/327362c0.

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Holden, C. "Curbing Soviet disinformation". Science 242, nr 4879 (4.11.1988): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3187515.

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Fallis, Don. "What Is Disinformation?" Library Trends 63, nr 3 (2015): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lib.2015.0014.

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Alexander, James, i Jonathan Smith. "Disinformation: A Taxonomy". IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2010.141.

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Brand, Bethany, Richard J. Loewenstein i David Spiegel. "Disinformation About Dissociation". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 201, nr 4 (kwiecień 2013): 354–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e318288d2ee.

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Yates, T. A., G. Bola i D. M. Billows. "Disinformation and distraction". BMJ 342, feb22 2 (22.02.2011): d1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d1164.

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Bader, Max. "Disinformation in Elections". Security and Human Rights 29, nr 1-4 (12.12.2018): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02901006.

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In recent years there has been increasing attention to the potentially disruptive influence of disinformation on elections. The most common forms of disinformation in elections include the dissemination of ‘fake news’ in order to discredit opponents or to influence the voting process, the falsification or manipulation of polling data, and the use of fake election monitoring and observation. This article presents an overview of the phenomenon of disinformation in elections in both democratic and undemocratic environments, and discusses measures to reduce its scope and negative impact.

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Papadakis, Emmanuel P. "Disinformation from research". Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, nr 9 (wrzesień 1996): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199609)47:9<726::aid-asi16>3.0.co;2-r.

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Sahni, V. "Healthcare-related disinformation". British Dental Journal 235, nr 8 (27.10.2023): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-6462-9.

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Pires, Thalía da Silva, i Camila Martineli Costa. "PODCASTS AGAINST DISINFORMATION". BIBLOS 37, nr 2 (25.01.2024): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/biblos.v37i2.16214.

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No atual contexto de infodemia, isto é, de disseminação ininterrupta de informações, os podcasts vêm transformando seus conteúdos de modo a contribuir para a divulgação da informação verdadeira e de fonte confiável. Com a demanda crescente por informações confiáveis e embasadas em evidências, os podcasts institucionais surgem como meio alternativo de comunicação para promover a divulgação científica à comunidade. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo mapear os episódios relacionados aos termos "fake news" e "notícias falsas" disponíveis na plataforma Lúmina Podcasts, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, discutir seus resultados e analisar os conceitos de fake news, desinformação e notícias falsas dentro do contexto contemporâneo de infodemia. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, mapeando e descrevendo os programas de podcasts da universidade que abordam esses temas. Como resultado, observou-se um notável engajamento do Lúmina Podcasts na divulgação científica e no combate às fake news. Os episódios mapeados abrangem diversas áreas do conhecimento, incluindo saúde, ciência da informação e humanidades, garantindo que público amplo possa expor-se aos assuntos relativos à desinformação, bem como as fake news. Podemos concluir que o uso dos podcasts como ferramenta para disseminar informações confiáveis é uma necessidade, esperamos que essa iniciativa inspire outras instituições a implementarem seus próprios podcasts. Todavia, é preciso reconhecer que, apesar da existência desses podcasts, a facilidade de compartilhar informações nas plataformas de comunicação digital ainda permite que as fake news se espalhem rapidamente. Para romper com a falta de confiabilidade nas informações e desmistificar a desinformação, o papel do divulgador científico em meio a infodemia está também em apropriar-se de todos os recursos possíveis para fazer o intercâmbio facilitado das informações entre o âmbito acadêmico e o grande público.

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Søe, Sille Obelitz. "Algorithmic detection of misinformation and disinformation: Gricean perspectives". Journal of Documentation 74, nr 2 (12.03.2018): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-05-2017-0075.

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Purpose With the outset of automatic detection of information, misinformation, and disinformation, the purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss various conceptions of information, misinformation, and disinformation within philosophy of information. Design/methodology/approach The examinations are conducted within a Gricean framework in order to account for the communicative aspects of information, misinformation, and disinformation as well as the detection enterprise. Findings While there often is an exclusive focus on truth and falsity as that which distinguish information from misinformation and disinformation, this paper finds that the distinguishing features are actually intention/intentionality and non-misleadingness/misleadingness – with non-misleadingness/misleadingness as the primary feature. Further, the paper rehearses the argument in favor of a true variety of disinformation and extends this argument to include true misinformation. Originality/value The findings are novel and pose a challenge to the possibility of automatic detection of misinformation and disinformation. Especially the notions of true disinformation and true misinformation, as varieties of disinformation and misinformation, which force the true/false dichotomy for information vs mis-/disinformation to collapse.

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Voitovych, Nataliia, i Liliya Imbirovska-Syvakivska. "The spread of Russian disinformation within the Ukrainian information field". Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 21, nr 2 (grudzień 2023): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2023.2.10.

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The objective of this study is to identify and analyse the methods of disinformation utilized by Russia to disseminate information in the Ukrainian information field. The main tasks include defining the concept of disinformation and explaining its societal dangers, characterising Information-Psychological Operations (IPSO) as a component of Russia's disinformation campaign against Ukraine and investigating the most prevalent elements utilised by Russia in the dissemination of disinformation. This study is aimed at the synthesis and combination of methods of monitoring, content analysis, and comparative analysis. The article selects publications that exhibit disinformation targeted at Ukrainian society. Disinformation propagated by Russia is subsequently refuted by either foreign or Ukrainian publications, including the “NotaEnota” organisation. The study reveals that Russian disinformation aims to propagate specific narratives and manipulate mass consciousness. Disinformation involves intentionally creating misleading and manipulative content, often in the form of artificially created fakes. The information field of Ukraine has become the primary battleground for Russia's hybrid warfare tactics, which include disinformation, propaganda, and fakes. To effectively counter these tactics, society needs to develop critical thinking skills and media literacy to discern and evaluate information critically. Future research aims to delve deeper into the methods employed in creating disinformation, their objectives, and potential strategies to prevent or counteract their influence.

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Kutuza, N. V., i D. M. Telpis. "DISINFORMATION AS A PSYOP COMPONENT IN MEGADISCOURSE: MANIPULATIVE ASPECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FULL-SCALE INVASION PERIOD OF RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR)". Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, nr 30 (23.10.2023): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2023.30.283887.

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The article is dedicated to the research on disinformation as a component of psychological operations (PsyOps) in megadiscourse. The purpose of the research is the emphasis of features of disinformation as the PsyOps component used against Ukraine. The aim is achieved by execution of a list of tasks: the terms “disinformation”, “fake”, “fake тnews”, “unconscious disinformation” were differentiated and clarified; the main features of disinformation as of a powerful manipulation and a significant instrument of hybrid warfare were distinguished; the author’s classification of the types of disinformation of the russian-Ukrainian war by thematic focus is proposed. The object of the research is the phenomenon of disinformation as the component of PsyOps in megadiscourse during the period of full-scale war, the subject of the research is the realisation of the types of disinformation in Ukrainian information field. The following methods of the research were used: descriptive – for distinguishing the features of disinformation as a phenomenon, its types; the method of analysis and synthesis for identification of the types of disinformation, establishing its functional characteristics and combining them into a single complex; the method of induction for specification of general conclusions. Attention is focused on the fact that disinformation is a broader concept that иencompasses military deception of the country, population, army and allies of the enemy. The author’s classification of the types of disinformation by thematic focus is proposed, where military, social, cultural, coalitional types were distinguished, each of which has different influential effect on the target audience. It was emphasised that russian disinformation has got a broad system of its thematic focus, which in its turn emphasises its manipulative effects. The influential effects which are achieved by spreading disinformation in social media were also analysed, the leading of which are: adjusting the picture of the world of the enemy state’s population in one’s own interests, psychological destabilisation of the population and the army, justification of one’s own armed aggression, and shifting the most unfavourable messages from the global and regional agenda. We see the prospects of the research in further profound study of the PsyOps components in megadiscourse, as well as the ways of neutralisation of disinformation in the context of hybrid warfare, including the creation of formulaic model of detection of disinformation in megadiscourse.

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Hassan, Isyaku, i Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi. "Analysis of Sources and Channels of Disinformation Reported by Electronic Newspapers in Malaysia". Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research 10, nr 01 (31.05.2014): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.61211/mjqr100107.

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Disinformation is viewed as an intractable social problem. In Malaysia, a total of 260 disinformation cases were recorded as of September 2020. This situation needs urgent attention to curtail the spread of disinformation and its impact on society. Despite important steps taken by the government to guarantee people’s access to accurate and trusted information, the formation and sharing of disinformation continue to occur. Additionally, research into the sources and channels of disinformation is either lacking or inadequate, particularly in the Malaysian context. Therefore, using the sociotechnical model of media effects, this research sought to explore the agents and channels through which disinformation spreads in Malaysia. The sociotechnical model of media effects explains how social and technological factors interact to shape the use of information channels by individuals and society. In the current research, a total of 48 news articles directly related to disinformation cases were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The articles were gathered from the digital archives of the three most widely read Malaysian English newspapers: The Star, Malay Mail, and New Straits Times. The findings reveal that individuals from various professions are identified as agents of disinformation in the reported cases. The agents are more likely to be identified by their professions rather than age or gender. For channels of disinformation, Facebook represents the dominant theme, followed by WhatsApp, Twitter, and websites. It is envisaged that this study could provide valuable insights for policymakers, media organizations, and the government to curtail the phenomenon of disinformation. Keywords: digital newspapers, disinformation, media effects, sociotechnical model

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Prahassacitta, Vidya, i Harkristuti Harkrisnowo. "Criminal Disinformation in Relation to the Freedom of Expression in Indonesia: A Critical Study". Comparative Law Review 27 (22.12.2021): 135–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/clr.2021.005.

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In a democratic society, the criminalisation of spreading disinformation is deemed a violation of freedom of expression. The development of information and communication technology, specifically the Internet, has changed people's perceptions of both disinformation and freedom of expression. This research critically analyses criminal law intervention against disinformation and freedom of expression in Indonesia. The research is document research using a comparative approach that analyses laws and regulations on disinformation in Indonesia, Germany, and Singapore. For Indonesian law, this research focuses on the provision of Articles 14 and 15 of Law No. 1/1946, which criminalises disinformation in the public sphere. This research shows that Indonesia needs a new approach regarding the criminal prohibition of spreading disinformation. It recommends that criminal law intervention is limited only to disinformation that is spread on a massive scale and causes significant harm.

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Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, Katarzyna, Urszula Soler i Anna Makuch. "Disinformation in Polish Society in 2021 – Trends, Topics, Channels of Transmission". Polish Political Science Yearbook 52, nr 1 (31.12.2023): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202309.

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A questionnaire-based study conducted in October 2021 provided analytical material on the degree and sources of disinformation in Polish society. The material has representative qualities and is the first comprehensive research project in Poland to cover issues regarding information security in such breadth and detail. The paper aims to analyse and present a study on disinformation in Polish society conducted on a representative group of Poles in 2021. The project's key research questions are: How receptive is the Polish public to disinformation content? What are the channels of information provided to Poles? Is the notion of disinformation familiar to the Polish audience, and do the recipients of media content search for methods to verify disinformation? The analysis and interpretation of the results identified some important features of the Polish disinformation map. The concept of disinformation is now commonly familiar to the Polish public (86%), and the sensitivity to content credibility can be regarded as high; the respondents were found to verify information, actively searching through various sources. Disinformation is rife in climate, energy (52%), and health (44%).

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Kulesza, Joanna, i Pavlo Burdiak. "Countering Disinformation on Social Media Platforms: Developments in the EU and Poland". Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, nr 13 (22.12.2023): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2023.13.143-160.

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One of the biggest challenges to European democracies is the spread of malicious disinformation, facilitated by the increasing importance of online platforms as news sources. The present article sheds light on the initiatives to combat disinformation on social media platforms in the EU. Some insights from Poland are also drawn. The research reveals that the EU’s anti-disinformation activities can be traced back to 2015, which marked the establishment of the East StratCom Task Force, disinformation monitoring project EUvsDisinfo, and Hybrid Fusion Cell. Building on these initiatives, the EU prompted the development of a groundbreaking self-regulatory Code of Practice on Disinformation, followed up and complemented by the legally binding DSA. Both documents provide due diligence standards and promote best practices for combating disinformation on platforms. With regard to the developments in Poland, notwithstanding some legislative proposals the country lacks comprehensive national policies to address platform disinformation. It persists as a critical concern, exacerbated by the rule of law challenges since 2015. The article recommends complementing well-elaborated legal frameworks with media literacy initiatives, civil society engagement, and technological innovations to detect and counter disinformation more efficiently. Such a holistic approach can enhance society’s resilience against disinformation while upholding democratic principles and freedom of expression in the digital age.

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Melo, Thiago Ramos de, i José Ribamar Lopes Batista Júnior. "Remixagem desinformativa em memes de internet". REDIS: REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DO DISCURSO, nr 13 (2023): 125–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21833958/red13a5.

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The present study aims to analyze remixing strategies in internet memes serving dis-information, which we term disinformative remixing. In the contemporary digital landscape, where remix has become the driving force behind sociocultural processes (Lemos, 2006), we assume that understanding remixing strategies (Navas, 2019) in memes becomes a crucial tool in combating disinformation, considering that informational disorder flows (Wardle, 2017, 2020) largely traverse these techno-digital artifacts. In addition to the theoretical reflection guiding this work, for illustraive purposes, we propose the analysis of an internet meme in light of some analytical steps of Criti-cal Discourse Analysis (CDA), following Fairclough (2001, 2003) and Chouliaraki and Fairclough (1999), along with the methodological procedures described by Navas (2019). Ultimately, we infer that analyzing the processes and effects caused by the influence of internet memes and understand-ing their 'memetic engineering' can become a crucial component in revising practices to combat disinformation in the contemporary digital landscape.

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Soares, Felipe Bonow. "SYSTEMATIC DISINFORMATION: THE SPREAD OF MISLEADING INFORMATION AS A COLLECTIVE DYNAMIC ON TWITTER". Brazilian Creative Industries Journal 2, nr 1 (23.02.2022): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/bcij.v2i1.2884.

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Disinformation is a worldwide problem and has been a key scholarship in the last few years. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on how disinformation spread on social media. This study uses a mixed-methods approach (Social Network Analysis, Connected Concept Analysis and Content Analysis) to analyze four political discussions on Twitter. The results show a structure of asymmetric polarization, in which one group (that supported Bolsonaro in the 2018 Brazilian elections) is strongly associated with disinformation spread. In addition, this study identifies a collective dynamic in disinformation spread as the volume of disinformation floats similarly for different levels of users depending on the context of the discussion analyzed. Based on these results, the idea of “systematic disinformation” is discussed.

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