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Ross, Ashley, i Lauren A. Clay. "Capital Assets and Rural Resilience: An Analysis of Texas Communities Impacted by Hurricane Harvey". Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 8, nr 1-2 (listopad 2018): 154–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/naturesopolirese.8.1-2.0154.
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Abstract Past studies have consistently shown that rural communities are less resilient to disasters than their urban counterparts. However, the specific factors associated with low resilience have not been sufficiently explored. This study seeks to advance our understanding of rural resilience by evaluating disaster recovery from a capitals perspective, focusing on the individual and collective resources that support adaptation to disturbance. Using data from 108 resident interviews in four Texas municipalities affected by Hurricane Harvey, rural and urban capital asset losses and gains are analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. The findings indicate that rural communities have greater physical capital losses, of housing in particular, while urban communities have greater institutional capital losses. Social capital gains were prevalent in all cases but highest in the rural communities. These findings have implications for targeting capacity-building efforts in rural communities to more effectively support disaster recovery and resilience.
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Shaikh, Saima, Andre Brown i Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma. "Application of Technological Tools in Improving Housing Resilience". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, nr 3 (1.11.2022): 032017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/3/032017.
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Abstract Seismic events pose a significant threat, particularly to rural communities, with poorly developed construction practices. This has resulted in the loss of life and considerable economic losses owing to substantial numbers of house collapses. The application of best practice in disaster construction knowledge as a means of significantly improving housing resilience is, therefore, a key challenge for most rural construction practices. In this context, effective utilization of available, and feasible technologies in rural areas can help to solve the problem of the inadequate facilitation of communication that is needed to deliver knowledge on the construction of long-term disaster-resilient housing. The study examines the potential for improvement of housing resilience from a disaster knowledge perspective. It responds to the challenges of the effective application of best building practice guidelines in such contexts. The main question of our research is, “Are communication technology tools capable of having a positive effect in establishing a knowledge transfer framework in rural Pakistan?”. The study employs both literature and questionnaire survey, and explores the availability and usability of technologies. It takes a premise in which effective knowledge transfer via reasonably available technological tools can be actionable and made operational. Our findings support the creation of a knowledge transfer framework for rural housing construction to improve disaster mitigation. The approach can assist rural communities in reducing losses and improving response and recovery, thereby improving housing resilience and lowering vulnerabilities.
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Anand, Mona Chhabra, Thitiphon Sinsupan, Sisira Madurapperuma i Vijayaraghavan M. Chariar. "Learning from Habitat Reconstruction Initiatives—New Approach for Reducing Vulnerability of Rural Housing in India". Sustainability 14, nr 7 (6.04.2022): 4359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074359.
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Post-disaster reconstruction offers an opportunity to address some of the fundamental causes of vulnerability that are an inherent part of mainstream housing processes located at the intersectionality of sectoral interdependencies. Well-designed initiatives in the aftermath of a disaster can help displaced populations enter a positive cycle of resilience-building using new approaches. This paper draws from a recent field study to examine the reasons for the poor performance of existing housing stock in the face of disasters and presents a chain of graded causal factors that contribute to their vulnerability. Specifically, in the context of rural housing, the paper looks at three case studies of innovative habitat reconstruction initiatives undertaken in the aftermath of major disasters in India and analyses them for their impact on building the resilience of displaced communities. The study highlights that in order to address the various causes of vulnerability of rural housing, it is important to leverage the existing connections between different dimensions of habitat development, including access to finance, choice of appropriate materials, skill-building, and safe construction methods. This is at the core of the ethos of “building back better.”
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Fujieda, Ayako, i Hirohide Kobayashi. "The Potential of Fijian Traditional Housing to Cope with Natural Disasters in Rural Fiji". Journal of Disaster Research 8, nr 1 (1.02.2013): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0018.
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Fiji is, as an island country in the Pacific Ocean widely recognized to be vulnerable to natural disasters due to its location and characteristics. Recent studies show the increasing emphasis on a capacity of disaster affected people and communities rather than their vulnerability and on what they can do for themselves. In the light of resilience, indigenous knowledge that has been generated and accumulated over years in adapting to the local environment has the potential to enhance the capacity of the local people to cope with natural disasters. Despite the increasing recognition of the advantages of such indigenous knowledge, its potential use in present day is little known. This paper explores the potential use of Fijian traditional housing as an alternative in restoring the living environment in rural Fiji where housing reconstruction depends heavily on the external assistance. Field study was carried out to understand current conditions and the potential of traditional housing construction in the modern context. Although traditional housings hardly exists in Fiji, field study results show the availability of natural resources, skills and knowledge, communal work and challenges in knowledge transfer and challenges brought by the life-style changes.
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Lee, Jee Young, Teresa W. Tai i Sherry I. Bame. "Spatial Analysis of Unmet Disaster Needs for Housing and Food: A Case Study of Floods in Texas, U.S". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 39, nr 3 (listopad 2021): 371–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900303.
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Disasters create obstacles to meeting basic needs in communities. Although studies have addressed developing better means of assessing flood risk and vulnerability, limited research has considered matching people's unmet needs to access available resources and services over time across locations during flood-related disasters. This study identifies specific types and frequencies of two basic disaster-related unmet needs—housing and food—and spatially analyzes these by location to determine vulnerable communities during Texas’ spring 2015 floods. The Texas 2-1-1 Network provided a database of disaster-related callers’ locations and needs recorded statewide per day, May–June 2015. Disaster-related unmet needs (N = 4,880) for housing (24%) and food (8%) were analyzed by location to determine vulnerable communities during these record-breaking floods throughout Texas. Mapping of unmet need volume per county differed from hotspot locations adjusted by population size to control for urban bias. Volume of housing and food unmet needs were higher in flooded metropolitan counties of east- and central-Texas. After adjusting for population size, Houston remained a hotspot for housing and food unmet needs but many rural counties were shown to be highly vulnerable as well. The spatial analysis helps to target resource allocations to disaster-affected communities more equitably and effectively based on the type of unmet needs and location of access barriers in real-time during disasters. This enables a greater understanding of variations in allocating resources to enhance the resiliency of vulnerable populations.
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Dhungel, Ranjan, Surya Narayan Shrestha, Ramesh Guragain, Manish Raj Gouli, Ayush Baskota i Bishnu Hadkhale. "Socio-technical module in assistance: Promoting resilient reconstruction in the wake of a disaster". Journal of Nepal Geological Society 58 (25.06.2019): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v58i0.24598.
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Disasters every year proclaim life of thousands and destruct infrastructures worth billions worldwide. Moreover, the developing countries are more prone to hazards as they are found to be lagging in early preparedness regarding the consequences of disaster. Nepal, in the wake of the 7.8 magnitude 2015 Gorkha Earthquake had to face devastating effects as the country lost nearly ten-thousand lives and structures accounting 6.69 billion US$ (NRA, 2016). Private Housing, one of the subordinates of social sector, faced the colossal damage, making the dwellers bound to take shelter under the makeshift tents. To that end, government has adopted owner driven approach for reconstruction and it is advancing in an amplified way. Since the rural terrains with low strength masonry had to face shattering effects, the reconstruction demands their construction with incorporation of seismic resistant components. The technique of construction since significantly differs than the primitive way, diverse modes of assistance is required by house owners to make their buildings codal compliant, which is also linked with obtaining subsidy. Not only reconstruction is a technical process, rather it is also a blend of economic, social and cross cutting issues. Having said that, the paper aims to study a multidimensional approach of socio-technical assistance (STA) through the study of different cases of ongoing post-earthquake reconstruction. The paper studies the impacts of socio-technical assistance being provided at various earthquake affected areas to understand what aspects of socio-technical assistance are aiding in the current reconstruction process. In conclusion, the paper identifies the core areas of sociotechnical assistance that is required in the aftermath of a disaster and how the current institutional structure can be modified to enhance the quality of socio-technical assistance being provided through various government and non-government agencies.
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Amin, Md Ruhul, Sajjad Hossain Shozib, Md Naimur Rahman, Syed Anowerul Azim, Farzana Mahbub i Md Nazirul Islam Sarker. "Disaster Psychology and Psychological Adaptation of Disasters: Evidence From Riverine Islands (Char) of Rural Bangladesh". Journal of Climate Change 8, nr 4 (5.12.2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcc220025.
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Natural hazards disrupt the social-ecological system, causing much suffering, death, injury, and devastation of property and the environment. This study explores the factors influencing the disaster psychology and psychological adaptation of people living in disaster-vulnerable areas in Bangladesh. Data have been collected from 100 households in Bangladesh’s riverine island areas (char) of northern Bangladesh. Several criteria have been used to measure char dwellers’ disaster psychology (vulnerability concern, factor, and intensity) and psychological adaptation (weakness concern and emotional response). This study reveals that char dwellers perceived several hazards like floods (100%), riverbank erosion (83%), drought (29%), and earthquakes (14%). It is also found that females (88%) are more concerned about earthquakes than males (12%). The key vulnerability factors in the char areas are geographic position (100%), no access to migration (75%), resources (76%), housing (83%), training (18%), and alternative livelihood (24%). Flood and drought are identified as the most destructive hazards in char areas. Most household heads also felt anxiety (88%), fear (54%), helplessness, sadness, and anger due to natural hazards. The government should implement a context-specific disaster management plan to reduce household vulnerability and create livelihood opportunities in char areas to enhance char dwellers’ psychological resilience against disasters.
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Xu, Jinwen, i Yi Qiang. "Spatial Assessment of Community Resilience from 2012 Hurricane Sandy Using Nighttime Light". Remote Sensing 13, nr 20 (15.10.2021): 4128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204128.
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Quantitative assessment of community resilience is a challenge due to the lack of empirical data about human dynamics in disasters. To fill the data gap, this study explores the utility of nighttime lights (NTL) remote sensing images in assessing community recovery and resilience in natural disasters. Specifically, this study utilized the newly-released NASA moonlight-adjusted SNPP-VIIRS daily images to analyze spatiotemporal changes of NTL radiance in Hurricane Sandy (2012). Based on the conceptual framework of recovery trajectory, NTL disturbance and recovery during the hurricane were calculated at different spatial units and analyzed using spatial analysis tools. Regression analysis was applied to explore relations between the observed NTL changes and explanatory variables, such as wind speed, housing damage, land cover, and Twitter keywords. The result indicates potential factors of NTL changes and urban-rural disparities of disaster impacts and recovery. This study shows that NTL remote sensing images are a low-cost instrument to collect near-real-time, large-scale, and high-resolution human dynamics data in disasters, which provide a novel insight into community recovery and resilience. The uncovered spatial disparities of community recovery help improve disaster awareness and preparation of local communities and promote resilience against future disasters. The systematical documentation of the analysis workflow provides a reference for future research in the application of SNPP-VIIRS daily images.
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Mohamed Ludin, Salizar. "Associations Between Demographic Characteristics and Resilience Factors: A Self-Report Survey". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS 1, nr 1 (2.02.2018): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v1i1.41.
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Objective: In 2014, Malaysia suffered a severe flood disaster and many people lost their home and belongings. Despite regular flooding in this area, the status of community disaster resilience (CDR) is unknown. This paper thus aims to assess the association between demographic characteristics and community disaster resilience factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was completed using the Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measure (CCRAM28) questionnaire six months after the flood event occurred. All selected respondents who met the inclusion criteria were recruited, and IBM SPSS software was used to undertake descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: A total of 386 respondents completed the questionnaires. Respondents were mostly female (57%); married (83.9%); with children under 17 years old (58.8%); from villages or rural area (97.2%); living in basic housing (95.6%); of average income; Muslim (97.5%); educated to primary or secondary level (81.1%); and not involved with any community organizations (95.1%), including volunteering, emergency teams, or military service. The mean age was 49 years, and length of time living in the area ranged from 1 to 85 years. CDR scores ranged between medium (2.34- 3.66) and high (3.67- 5.00). An analysis of the results showed that only gender (p = 0.003) and education (p = 0.001) were significantly related to CDR level. Positive and strong correlations were seen between resilience factors, however, particularly leadership (p = 0.001), collective efficacy (p = 0.001); preparedness (p = 0.001); place attachment (p = 0.001); and social trust (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study provides a timely insight into the impact of demographic characteristics and resilience factors in Kelantan, developing the knowledge base needed to create comprehensive, improved community-relevant strategies for the future. This assessment enables top-down initiatives to better understand resilience levels, and this could act as tool to enable the government to prepare communities for future disasters or emergency events.
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Banks, Linda H., Lisa A. Davenport, Meghan H. Hayes, Moriah A. McArthur, Stacey N. Toro, Cameron E. King i Hazel M. Vazirani. "Disaster Impact on Impoverished Area of US: An Inter-Professional Mixed Method Study". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, nr 6 (19.09.2016): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1600090x.
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AbstractIntroductionIn the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains, in central Appalachia (a region that spans 13 states in the US), sits an economically distressed and rural community of the United States. Once a thriving coal-mining area, this region now is reported as one of the hardest places to live in the US. Southeastern Kentucky, located in a remote, rocky, mountainous area surrounded by rivers and valleys and prone to flooding, experienced a major flood in Spring 2013 causing significant damage to homes and critical infrastructure.PurposeAims of the study were to: (1) identify and better understand the contextual variables compounding the impact of a disaster event that occurred in Spring 2013; (2) identify ways participants managed antecedent circumstances, risk, and protective factors to cope with disaster up to 12 months post-event; and (3) further determine implications for community-focused interventions that may enhance recovery for vulnerable populations to promote greater outcomes of adaptation, wellness, and readiness.MethodsUsing an ethnographic mixed-methods approach, an inter-collaborative team conducted face-to-face interviews with (N=12) Appalachian residents about their disaster experience, documented observations and visual assessment of need on an observation tool, and used photography depicting structural and environmental conditions. A Health and Emergency Preparedness Assessment Survey Tool was used to collect demographic, health, housing, environment, and disaster readiness assessment data. Community stakeholders facilitated purposeful sampling through coordination of scheduled home visits.ResultsTriangulation of all data sources provided evidence that the community had unique coping strategies related to faith and spirituality, cultural values and heritage, and social support to manage antecedent circumstances, risk, and protective factors during times of adversity that, in turn, enhanced resilience up to 12 months post-disaster. The community was found to have an innate capacity to persevere and utilize resources to manage and transcend adversity and restore equilibrium, which reflected components of resilience that deserve greater recognition and appreciation.ConclusionResilience is a foundational concept for disaster science. A model of resilience for the rural Appalachia community was developed to visually depict the encompassing element of community-based interventions that may enhance coping strategies, mitigate risk factors, integrate protective factors, and strengthen access. Community-based interventions are recommended to strengthen resilience, yielding improved outcomes of adaptation, health and wellness, and disaster readiness.BanksLH, DavenportLA, HayesMH, McArthurMA, ToroSN, KingCE, VaziraniHM. Disaster impact on impoverished area of US: an inter-professional mixed method study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):583–592.
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Kim, Kyungwoo, Kyujin Jung i Kenneth Chilton. "Strategies of social media use in disaster management". International Journal of Emergency Services 5, nr 2 (7.11.2016): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-02-2016-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the effects of social media use on the resilience of organizations involved in emergency response. While social media has been utilized as a critical tool in the field of emergency management, few researchers have systemically examined its effect on organizations’ capacity to bounce back from catastrophic events. From the dimensional approach to social media use, this research focuses on the following three functions: providing information to local communities, transmitting information to local communities, and responding to the emotions of local communities. Design/methodology/approach The authors used survey data gleaned from 79 key organizations involved in emergency management to investigate the impact of social media use on resilience after a tragic flood in Seoul, South Korea in 2013. The authors also conducted interviews with ten emergency management officials to understand what administrative challenges they confront in using social media for their tasks. Findings The authors found that the provision of disaster information on social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube has a positive effect on the perceived level of organizational resilience. In addition, social media use correlates positively with community emotional responses. Research limitations/implications Given the focus on the emergency response to a natural disaster in urban areas, the results might not be generalizable to smaller cities or rural areas. The survey items that measure the perceptions of emergency managers may not represent the physical aspects of disaster recovery, such as the restoration of housing stock. Practical implications The findings suggest that public and nonprofit organizations can use social media to communicate with other organizations and the public in ways that demonstrate resilience. Emergency managers should address administrative challenges, such as trustworthiness of information delivered via social media and lack of personnel. Originality/value This paper provides systematic understandings of the effects of social media use on the resilience of the organizations that respond to a disaster.
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Ahmed, Tanzim. "Structural Violence and Social Development: A study of Ashrayan-2 Project". International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, nr VI (2023): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.10618.
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The Ashrayan Project, established under the auspices of the esteemed Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Bangladesh, endeavors to furnish lodging and property entitlements to impoverished and landless households. The endeavor has accomplished a notable feat in enabling the female population, upholding social safety, fostering enhancement of manpower, attaining economic progress, equipping rural vicinities with urban amenities, encouraging ecological durability, and enhancing healthcare provisions. The initiative has facilitated the displacement of more than 524,244 households since its establishment in 1997 while being in conformity with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. The initiative seeks to offer resilient housing to communities that are susceptible to the impact of environmental crises, including climate change and natural disasters, with a focus on those who are particularly vulnerable. This distinct undertaking has facilitated the advancement of collective growth at an effortless rate, yielding advantages for underprivileged groups and lowering disparities. The endeavor has unveiled novel prospects for enhancement in familial, communal, and financial advancement in Bangladesh.
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Sapkota, Jeet Bahadur, Kyosuke Kurita i Pramila Neupane. "Progress after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake: Evidence from Two Household Surveys in One of the Hardest-Hit Mountain Villages". Sustainability 13, nr 21 (22.10.2021): 11677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111677.
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Nepal was hit by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake on 25 April 2015, followed by numerous aftershocks, including a 6.8 magnitude earthquake on 26 April and a 7.2 magnitude earthquake on 12 May. Using two household surveys of a panel of 377 households conducted in February 2016 and March 2020 in one of the hardest-hit mountain villages, we found that most of the households recovered well, having better housing, increased income, improved awareness about disaster risk, and better infrastructure facilities than before the earthquake. Notably, the poverty headcount index reduced by 16% from 2016 to 2020, and more than 90% of the households reconstructed into earthquake-resistant houses with financial and technical support, mainly, from the government. The village has increased the quality and length of rural roads; there is also wider coverage of clean water supply and better functioning school buildings and hospitals. Similarly, the subjective well-being of the people, gauged using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), has also increased. These aspects combined indicate improved community resilience and the sustainable development of the village. However, the progress differs significantly across gender, caste/ethnic as well as income groups, which calls for inclusive reconstruction and recovery policies as well as disaster risk reduction (DRR) frameworks at a local level to contribute to community resilience and sustainable mountain development.
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Adamtey, Ronald, John Victor Mensah i Gifty Obeng. "Making Cities Resilient in Ghana: The Realities of Slum Dwellers That Confront the Accra Metropolitan Assembly". Journal of Sustainable Development 14, nr 1 (28.01.2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n1p70.
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Over the past three decades, various countries and stakeholders have aimed at having cities that can better handle natural and human-made disasters, protect human life, absorb the impact of economic, environmental and social hazards and promote well-being, inclusive and sustainable growth. This paper investigates how informal ties result in in-filling and the creation of slums in the context of efforts to make cities resilient in Ghana using the Accra Metropolis as case study. The United Nations Habitat classification of slums was used to purposively select two slum settlements in Accra for the study. The study used mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect data from April 2018 to August 2018. Quantitative data was collected from 400 slum dwellers while qualitative data was collected from eight focus group discussion sessions and in-depth interviews with at least one senior official from related institutions such as Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA), Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD), Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), Ministry of Works and Housing (MWH), Ministry of Inner City and Zongo Development (MICZD), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ghana Police Service, and Ghana National Fire Service. Descriptive techniques were used for the analysis. The findings are that informal ties contribute to in-filling in slums. Slum dwellers do not plan to return home, they are not involved in land use decision making and the slums have opportunities and challenges to the slum dwellers and AMA. The AMA should avoid forced eviction of slums and rather enforce development control bye-laws, implement slum upgrading programs, and involve slum dwellers in upgrading programs. Slum dwellers must cooperate with AMA to make Accra resilient. The mainstreaming of the issue of slums in all urban development agendas needs to be given the needed political and policy attention by central government and all stakeholders.
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Paidakaki, Angeliki, i Frank Moulaert. "Does the post-disaster resilient city really exist?" International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 8, nr 3 (12.06.2017): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-10-2015-0052.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of “resilience” by disentangling the contentious interactions of various parameters that define and guide resilience trajectories, such as the physical infrastructure, socio-spatial inequalities, path dependencies, power relationships, competing discourses and human agency. This socio-political reconstruction of “resilience” is needed for two reasons: the concept of resilience becomes more responsive to the complex realities on the ground, and the discussion moves toward the promotion of more dynamic recovery governance models that can promote socially just allocated redundancy in housing actions, which could be seen as a key to incubating resilience. Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper that mobilizes theories of urban political ecology, social innovation and housing with the aim to examine the tensions between various discourses that steer housing production during post-disaster recovery processes, and put a spotlight on the heterogeneity in the transformative capacity of the various actors, institutions and visions of housing systems that preexist or emerge in the post-disaster city. This heterogeneity of actors (i.e. growth coalitions, neighborhood associations and housing cooperatives) consequently leads the discussion toward the investigation of “new” roles of the state in formulating relevant disaster governance models and housing (re)construction systems. FindingsThe initial stress produced by a natural event is often extended because of long-term unmet housing needs. The repercussion of this prolonged stress is a loss of social progress partly due to the reiterated oppression of alternative housing production propositions. In this paper, the authors conclude that an asset-based community development approach to recovery can provide an antidote to the vicious cycles of social stress by opening up diverse housing options. This means that the recovery destiny is not predetermined according to pre-set ideas but is molded by the various bottom-up dynamics that democratically sketch the final socially desirable reconstruction outcome(s). Originality/valueThe contribution of this paper is twofold. By using theoretical insights from urban political ecology, housing studies and social innovation, the paper first builds up onto the current reconstruction of the notion of disaster resilience. Second, by identifying a heterogeneity of “social resilience cells”, the paper leads the discussion toward the investigation of the “new” role of the state in formulating relevant recovery governance models. In this respect, the paper builds a narrative of social justice in terms of the redistribution of resources and the cultivation of empowerment across the various housing providers who struggle for their right to the reconstruction experiment.
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Harun-Or-Rashid, G. M., Juan Jose Castro, Mithun Chakrabartty i Md Kamruzzaman. "Proposal of Resilient Housing Features for the Disaster Affected Community of Bangladesh". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (28.10.2022): 14061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114061.
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Thinking resiliency in terms of housing features for post disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) is a paramount initiative after a disaster. Therefore, the aim of this research is to ascertain the demands of the disaster victims and propose a wind-resistant, resilient housing prototype that would be affordable. Based on a three-month survey of the region severely damaged by Cyclone SIDR in Bangladesh, this research argues that PDHR’s planning features are significantly short of the victims’ choice, need, and demand, forcing them to quickly modify or transform the reconstructed houses. Based on the survey, a prototype covering an area of 37.21 sq. m (400 sq. ft) with a hybrid construction technique and a cost model are proposed that will be a resilient solution against cyclones and other natural hazards. Additionally, the proposed house was modeled using finite elements, and its findings are within the International Building Code’s allowable limits. In conclusion, this paper proposes some guidelines to strengthen Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) that would enable to build a resilient housing society in the disaster-prone areas.
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Ahmed, Iftekhar, i Esther Charlesworth. "Editorial: Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction to Enable Resilient Communities". Open House International 39, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2014-b0001.
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Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction to Enable Resilient Communities. A house is often the most valuable economic and social asset in most communities and its primary function is to provide a safe and secure habitat for its inhabitants. In many disasters, not only rapid onset events such as earthquakes and storms, where housing is usually the most visible component that is damaged or lost, but also in slow onset disasters such as floods and bushfires, people are often forced to abandon their homes. Displacement or loss of housing makes people vulnerable to possible aftershocks, as well as to the climate – rain, snow, heat, etc – thus compounding the effects of the disaster, and significantly impacting household and community health; therefore it is important to safeguard people from these disaster risks through adequate and resilient housing. This has been emphasised in a number of disasters and housing related publications (see for example ADPC, 2002; Coburn et al, 1995; HFHA, undated; IFRC, 2011; Seraj and Ahmed, 2004; UNNATI, 2006).
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Galford, G., i L. M. Tucker. "Resilient Experiments in Rural Housing: Architectural Experiments in Planned Housing". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 903, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/903/1/012001.
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Abstract Single family houses contribute substantially to climate change in the US and other parts of the world. In the US specifically, most housing has been designed by builders and developers. The motivation has not been sustainability and a knowledge of how to design net zero energy and net zero water dwelling is not commonly understood. This paper seeks to use a historical model as viewed through the lens of the Living Building Challenge to demonstrate how an architect designed historic example might provide a way of implementing a cutting-edge approach to sustainable housing today. Arthurdale was an early 20th century housing experiment that was conceptualized to provide for sustainable living in rural Appalachia. This paper presents the history of the region, an overview of the houses and the Living Building Challenge and then analyses how this historic prototype might model a sustainable housing development today using the Living Building Challenge system.
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Das, Sutapa, i Parthasarathi Mukhopadhyay. "Multi-hazard disaster resilient housing with bamboo-based system". Procedia Engineering 212 (2018): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.121.
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Cosson, Camille. "How to Support Social Resilience in Tsunami-Devastated Communities: Iwanuma Case Study". Critical Housing Analysis 7, nr 2 (2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2020.7.2.511.
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This paper describes the post-disaster reconstruction in the Tohoku region after the 2011 earthquake. Nine years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami occurred, and many efforts have been made since to rebuild the devastated territories. Some Japanese architects and urban planners have seen the recovery as a window of opportunity to aim for more resilient cities. Nevertheless, building disaster-resilient communities remains a challenging task. This short paper presents the initiatives made to improve refugees’ social conditions in disaster-relief housing, using the case study of Iwanuma’s relocation project. Concluding remarks suggest that many efforts have been made to improve the social aspect of disaster-relief housing in Japan, for example through the development of community spaces or the pursuit of friendlier dwellings.
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Lam, Foong Sin, Jer Vui Lee i Yeok Meng Ngeow. "Windstorm Resilient Rural Housing: Lessons learned in Temerloh, Malaysia". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 4, nr 12 (31.12.2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1817.
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In 2019 alone, Temerloh district located in central Peninsular Malaysia has been hit by unpredictable wind storms in localised areas which damaged more than 185 rural homes. This research set out to assess the structural vulnerabilities of damaged rural houses to severe winds in Temerloh and lessons learned from windstorm damage through field surveys of damaged homes between March 2019-August 2019 and supplemented by district-level post-windstorm reconnaissance reports prepared by Malaysia Civil Defense Force (APM) and other information gathered from local government. Results indicate poor performance of structural and non-structural building components in resisting high wind loads due to inadequate design, under-strength of failed building materials and defective construction details. The results of this study could have important implications for government agencies, NGOs, builders, and engineers in assisting rural communities in reconstructing windproof resistant homes and planning for future windstorm risk management efforts specially catered to homeowners in Temerloh.Keywords: Rural housing; Windstorm; Resilience; Malaysia eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1817
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Kashem, Shakil Bin. "Housing practices and livelihood challenges in the hazard-prone contested spaces of rural Bangladesh". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 10, nr 5 (11.11.2019): 420–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-04-2019-0019.
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Purpose Disaster-resistant housing practices are widely promoted in developing countries as an integral component of climate adaptation efforts, particularly in rural hazard-prone areas. However, how the prevailing housing practices are intertwined with rural livelihoods and how the external initiatives to promote disaster-resistant housing practices materialize in a contested marginalized space are key questions with social vulnerability implications that seldom receive adequate attention. This paper aims to explore these questions through case studies of two hazard-prone rural areas in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The two study areas were selected considering the variation of risk patterns: one located in cyclone hazard-prone southern District of Noakhali and the other located in a flood hazard-prone area of Rajbari District. Existing housing practices in these two communities, their adoption of disaster-resistant housing options and their overall livelihood challenges were explored through questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and transect walks. Findings As this study shows, safe housing practices are tertiary concerns for people living in those contested spaces after meeting livelihood challenges. Further, in the absence of formal land tenure, adaptation efforts that introduce disaster-resistant housing practices may fail to be effective. Practical implications The findings of this study demonstrate the need for a reorientation in the present approaches of climate adaptation (particularly, in case of housing practice) to make them more responsive to the adaptation challenges of socially vulnerable populations. Originality/value Most of the prior studies on disaster and rural housing have focused on the post-disaster housing recovery, but there is yet to have enough study that looked at households’ current housing strategies and, in particular, how land tenure and livelihood challenges influence their choices. This study fills this research gap and also provides evidence in support of considering the risk priority of marginalized vulnerable population while responding to the broader concerns of climate change.
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Debnath, Prome, i A. K. M. Abdul Ahad Biswas. "Community Initiated and Practiced Climate Resilient Technology and its Effectiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction at Barisal, Bangladesh". Journal of Agroforestry and Environment 15, nr 2 (18.12.2022): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/jae1517.
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Bangladesh is a low-lying deltaic plain country in which three-quarters of the population lives in rural areas, and they are the primary victim of climate invented worst situation (Siddiqui, 2009). As rural area’s people were deprived from the modern technology to mitigate the disaster, so that rural area’s people created y own initiated climate resilient technology to protect themselves. The purpose of this study was to identify indigenous disaster mitigation measures that the community had implemented in order to reduce the negative effects of disaster. The study area was Bakerganj upazila, Barisal which is also a rural based disaster-prone area. In this research, two types of data collection techniques were used, such as as primary and secondary data collection methods, afterwards the collected data were analyzed through Microsoft Excel. The major findings of this study were that, due to climate change the most drastic change was in temperature, which is responsible for occurring different kinds of disaster. Among those in the study area flood was the most prior disaster which may fallen impact on house and agriculture of study area. It was mainly influenced by poverty and lack of community awareness. So that the mostly used climate resilient technology of this area was raising of house platform above flood level (95.87%), plantation of disaster resilient tree around the house (76.29%), raising platform for cultivation (73.20%), using homemade fertilizer for enhance productivity (62.89%) and tying of house to minimize the possibility of destroying (61.86%). Among those raising house platform and cultivable land platform was more sustainable and resilient indigenous technology of this area. Beside more the study area’s people also got support from different GO and NGOs. And also, this area had strong social bonding with each other and local authorities, so that they got advantages from them and they consider this support as their capacity to fight against any kind of disaster. As indigenous technologies are very important for disaster risk reduction so that those should be linked up with local level adaptation plans for increasing the efficiency and resiliency of those locally invented technology, so that those will be easily accepted by the vulnerable community and implemented successfully against disaster.
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Rivera, Fernando I., Naim Kapucu i Christopher Hawkins. "Rural Community Disaster Resiliency: Self-Organizing Collective Action among Farmworkers in Central Florida". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 33, nr 2 (sierpień 2015): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701503300204.
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In this article we examined how voluntary and self-organizing efforts contributed to disaster resiliency in a rural community in Central Florida. We analyzed data from a focus group with farmworkers in Central Florida to investigate how self-organizing collective action can help develop more resilient communities in socially vulnerable populations. We identified three major themes within our coding scheme: past disaster experiences, self-organizing collective action, and challenges to self-organizing collective action and resilience. The results indicated that past disaster experiences provided an opportunity for these farmworkers to mobilize their social capital and network partnerships to self-organize and develop disaster resilience. The findings indicated that self-organizing collective action could be effective in creating disaster resilience, even in socially vulnerable populations. Nonetheless, the results also indicated certain challenges to self-organizing collective action and resilience such as: language barriers, an anti-immigrant sentiment, poor relations with law enforcement, and lack of work. These challenges are constant reminders that the goal of creating truly disaster resilient communities cannot be reached if these conditions are not lessen or eradicated.
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Afandi, Aisyah Arimurti, Vissy Puteri Utama, Apridev Khomenie, Cindar Hari Prabowo, Rio Apriyanto, Lita Sari Barus i Renny Nurhasana. "Pengembangan Kawasan Permukiman di Wilayah Rawan Banjir Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur". Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies 21, nr 1 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2023.021.01.1.
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Structural change and environmental degradation along Ciliwung river resulting in flooding that happened in Kampung Melayu. The flooding events in Kampung Melayu increase the urgency of mitigation-based disaster management implementation. The local government has made several efforts to overcome the problem, including the construction of reservoirs, infiltration systems, canals, and floodgates. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of disaster mitigation in Kampung Melayu and propose new strategies in this area. This research is conducted in data collection and data analysis in order to develop new strategies with the aim to overcome the problems based on the concept of disaster management, adaptive architecture, responsive architecture, and the concept of Disaster Resilient Kampong. This research propose slum upgrading and prevention by providing a livable housing resilient to disaster through residential area development program as a solution to overcome the flooding problems in Kampung Melayu.
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Wu, Haorui. "When Housing and Communities Were Delivered: A Case Study of Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rural Reconstruction and Recovery". Sustainability 13, nr 14 (8.07.2021): 7629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147629.
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This study contributes to an in-depth examination of how Wenchuan earthquake disaster survivors utilize intensive built environment reconstruction outcomes (housing and infrastructural systems) to facilitate their long-term social and economic recovery and sustainable rural development. Post-disaster recovery administered via top-down disaster management systems usually consists of two phases: a short-term, government-led reconstruction (STGLR) of the built environment and a long-term, survivor-led recovery (LTSLR) of human and social settings. However, current studies have been inadequate in examining how rural disaster survivors have adapted to their new government-provided housing or how communities conducted their long-term recovery efforts. This qualitative case study invited sixty rural disaster survivors to examine their place-making activities utilizing government-delivered, urban-style residential communities to support their long-term recovery. This study discovered that rural residents’ recovery activities successfully perpetuated their original rural lives and rebuilt social connections and networks both individually and collectively. However, they were only able to manage their agriculture-based livelihood recovery temporarily. This research suggests that engaging rural inhabitants’ place-making expertise and providing opportunities to improve their housing and communities would advance the long-term grassroots recovery of lives and livelihoods, achieving sustainable development.
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BILAU, Abdulquadri Ade, i Emlyn WITT. "AN ANALYSIS OF ISSUES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF POST-DISASTER HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION". International Journal of Strategic Property Management 20, nr 3 (19.07.2016): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2016.1189975.
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There is an urgent need to improve the management of housing reconstruction programmes. Post-disaster housing reconstruction represents a significant portion of global property investment but its management has often proved to be ineffective. Although the post-disaster context makes management more challenging, it also offers exceptional opportunities to invest in and develop a more resilient built environment. On the basis of a systematic review of the existing literature, characteristics of the housing reconstruction context and successes, failures and management issues arising from historical housing reconstruction programmes were identified. These were synthesized into a conceptual framework that relates the contextual characteristics with management strategies and with the desired outcomes for housing reconstruction initiatives. This framework will enable field data collection in order to better understand the interrelationships between context, management strategies and outcomes. Ultimately, it is intended to provide practitioners with decision support tools for selecting appropriate housing reconstruction management strategies.
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Comfort, Louise K., Brian McAdoo, Patricia Sweeney, Sam Stebbins, Michael D. Siciliano, Leonard J. Huggins, Ted Serrant, Steve Scheinert, Jared Augenstein i Nicole Krenitsky. "Transition from Response to Recovery: A Knowledge Commons to Support Decision Making following the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake". Earthquake Spectra 27, nr 1_suppl1 (październik 2011): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3633342.
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The transition between disaster response operations and sustainable recovery represents a critical stage in rebuilding communities following disaster. We document this transition process following the 12 January 2010 earthquake in Haiti through direct field observation, review of documents and official situation reports, as well as interviews with key managers from organizations engaged in disaster operations in Haiti. Without an effective transition to recovery, disaster-stricken communities risk escalating failures in performance of key technical functions that underlie the provision of basic services in health, housing, education, commercial activity, and environmental restoration essential to building a resilient society. The interactions among social, environmental and technical systems are rarely tracked systematically, but are central to the longer-term economic, social, and technical development of a disaster-resilient community. We propose developing a “knowledge commons” infrastructure—multilingual, interdisciplinary, and interjurisdictional—to sustain a system-wide learning process as a primary goal for the reconstruction of Haiti.
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Li, Xiao Ning. "The Applicability of Shading Technique in Energy Coefficient Building of Sichuan Rural Seismic Disastrous Area". Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (maj 2011): 6908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6908.
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On the May 12, a huge earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, and causing tremendous damage. There are 5,401,900 housing collapsed and 5,932,500 severely damaged, and the large number of them should be reconstructed urgently. In the planning and redevelopment of housing for rural residents amounted to 3,500,000 units only in Sichuan. The surveying of post-disaster reconstruction by writer indicating, the buildings of residential in Earthquake-stricken villages and towns are constructed in lower standard than those in city. Single-layer and two-story stand-alone home is the main type of the rural traditional housing. The existing housing in rural areas did not take energy-saving into account, and the vast majority of them cannot meet the minimum level of energy-saving. There will be a good opportunity to promote the energy-saving technique in post-disaster reconstruction in rural areas. Based on the command of building energy-saving design, and combined with climate and geographical characteristics in Wenchuan quake-stricken, the outer blinds system proposed in the energy-saving design of the rural residential post-disaster reconstruction. The outer blinds system is one of traditional architecture techniques. The adjustable sun visor can all be found in the Ming and Qing Imperial Palace and the receiving chamber. But at present, the outer blinds system can be little taken into account in the buildings by local architects and designers. The paper based on energy-saving effect, shade materials, and the service life and initial investment; explored the applicability of outer blinds system in rural areas post-disaster housing construction, and put forward solutions and technology roadmap. The results showed that the shade outside technique has such characteristics like low cost, effective and simple. There are strong applicability in the rural residential post-disaster reconstruction. The paper also analyzed the shade outside technical problems in order to provide some references in post-disaster reconstruction.
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Zhang, Panke, Mengtian Wang i Guoqu Deng. "Evolutionary Game Analysis of Resilient Community Construction Driven by Government Regulation and Market". Sustainability 15, nr 4 (10.02.2023): 3251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043251.
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As the basic unit of residents’ activities and social management, communities are the disaster bearers of various public security emergencies. To improve the ability and level of community governance, as well as to strengthen the construction of resilient communities, a tripartite evolutionary game model of local government, developers, and home buyers is built, and numerical simulation is carried out using Matlab to analyze the impact mechanism of main parameters on the evolutionary stability strategy. The results show that: (1) The three parties’ different initial intentions will lead to different evolutionary stability strategies of the system, and the system’s final evolution result will reach the ideal state only when the initial willingness of developers and buyers is high. (2) The greater the government’s subsidy coefficient and the greater the regulatory intensity, the more likely it is that developers will choose to build resilient communities. (3) Public awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation is an important determinant of the purchase of resilient community housing strategies. To achieve rapid development of resilient communities, the intensity of regulation must be continuously improved, the public’s awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation must be strengthened, and the government’s regulatory costs must be reduced.
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Lam, Foong Sin, Chun Chieh Yip, Zhen An Lee i Poh Hwa Ong. "Analyzing Post-Disaster Reconstruction Stakeholder Networks: Malaysian rural housing". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8, nr 23 (25.03.2023): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v8i23.4511.
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This article uses the social network analysis to identify resource coordination and information exchange of stakeholders in the inter-organizational network by studying the project-related interactions of rural housing reconstruction in Temerloh, Pahang that were funded by the Malaysian government, His Majesty the King and NGO. The data was collected through content analysis and interviews with 23 government agencies, NGOs, and community stakeholders. Findings from the analysis established that government agencies had the highest actor centralities, with the Rural Development Ministry and the local government level being the most central among the government agencies, whereas the homeowners had the lowest centralities. Keywords: post-disaster housing reconstruction, social network analysis, rural Malaysia eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2023. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v8i23.4511
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Li, Qiang, Hongtao Jia, Jun Zhang, Jianghong Mao, Weijie Fan, Mingfeng Huang i Bo Zheng. "Typhoon Loss Assessment in Rural Housing in Ningbo Based on Township-Level Resolution". Applied Sciences 12, nr 7 (29.03.2022): 3463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073463.
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The purpose of this paper was to provide a new approach to achieve quantitative and accurate typhoon loss assessment of disaster-bearing bodies at township-level resolution. Based on the policy insurance data of Ningbo city, this paper took rural housing as the target disaster-bearing body and analyzed the aggregated data of disaster losses such as payout amount and insured loss rate of rural housing in Ningbo area under the influence of 25 typhoons during 2014–2019. The intensity data of disaster-causing factors such as the maximum average wind speed in Ningbo area under the influence of 25 typhoons were simulated and generated with the wind field engineering model, and a township-level high-resolution rural housing typhoon loss assessment model was established using a RBF artificial neural network. It was found that the insured loss rate of rural housing under wind damage was higher in the townships of southern Ningbo than in the townships of northern Ningbo, and the townships with larger insured loss rates were concentrated in mountainous or coastal areas that are prone to secondary disasters under the attack of the typhoon’s peripheral spiral wind and rain belt. The RBF neural network can effectively establish a typhoon loss assessment model from the causal factors to the losses of the disaster-bearing bodies, and the RBF neural network has a faster convergence speed and a smaller overall prediction error than the commonly used BP neural network.
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Manyena, Siambabala Bernard, Sani Boniface Mutale i Andrew Collins. "Sustainability of rural water supply and disaster resilience in Zimbabwe". Water Policy 10, nr 6 (1.12.2008): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.066.
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Rural water supply, especially through the provision of village hand pumps, is implicated in the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015 to enhance the resilience of disaster-affected communities. Lessons from past programmes could help the design and implementation of future rural water supply and sanitation interventions as both a means and an end for sustainable and resilient communities, especially in disaster-prone areas. A study was carried out in the disaster-prone Binga District of Zimbabwe to ascertain whether rural water supply has helped in enhancing community resilience. The findings support the argument that, in addition to ‘hard’ technical inputs and ‘soft’ local human resource inputs, rural water supply is only effective if introduced with the ‘right’ reasons identified and made to operate sustainably, rather than for cost-cutting reasons. The latter is likely to reduce rather than enhance and sustain disaster resilience built by communities over centuries.
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Ahmed, Iftekhar, i Esther Ruth Charlesworth. "An evaluation framework for assessing resilience of post-disaster housing". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 6, nr 3 (14.09.2015): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2013-0042.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the utility of a tool for assessing resilience of housing. After disasters, maximum resources are often allocated for housing reconstruction, and most initiatives on disaster resilient housing have arisen after disasters. With widespread claims by agencies of having “built back better”, it is important to establish an evaluation framework that allows understanding to what extent resilience has been successfully achieved in such housing projects. This paper discusses such a tool developed by the authors. Design/methodology/approach – In a study commissioned by the Australian Shelter Reference Group, the authors have developed an evaluation tool for assessing resilience in housing and tested it in several housing reconstruction projects in the Asia-Pacific region. Various evaluation frameworks were reviewed to develop the tool. An approach derived from the log frame was adapted in alignment with other key approaches. The tool is practical and targeted for agency staff involved in housing projects, evaluators of housing reconstruction projects and communities to assess their housing in terms of resilience. It comprises three main stages of an assessment process with guided activities at each stage. Findings – The tool was tested in the Cook Islands and Sri Lanka, and the key findings of the test assessments are presented to demonstrate the prospects of the tool. While the case study projects all indicated achievement of a level of resilience, problems were evident in terms of designs issues and external factors. Originality/value – Such a tool has the potential to be used more widely through advocacy to prioritise resilience in post-disaster housing reconstruction.
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Tauber, Gertrud. "Architects and rural post-disaster housing: lessons from South India". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 6, nr 2 (8.06.2015): 206–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2013-0025.
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Purpose – This research aims to examine three housing projects implemented by local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and planned by local architects after the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 in rural South India. The key to the acceptance of post-disaster houses lies in meeting the peoples’ wishes and needs, and in integrating local know-how into the course of the project process (a premise intensively discussed in theory). After the tsunami of 2004, many (NGOs) appointed architects, assuming that these professionals would be qualified to facilitate the implementation of people-oriented houses (and villages). However, the architects’ roles vary significantly, which had, as will be shown here, a considerable impact on the degree of success of the project. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data for this study were gathered through household questionnaires (110); informal interaction; participant-observation (work assignment: 2.5 years; field survey: 4 months); semi-structured interviews (NGO representatives, architects and engineers). Secondary literature was studied on post-disaster housing, building cultures and cultures of knowledge. Findings – This study reveals that, in the course of rural post-disaster reconstruction, there is a crying need to appoint the “right” personnel having, first of all, the capacity to comply with the social dynamics at project level, and, second, being able to address those aspects critical for the realization of people-oriented housing. Architects can be a valuable resource for both the NGO and the villagers. However, this paper shows that key to this is, among other considerations, a thorough understanding of the rural (building) culture, its abilities and requirements, the strategic interplay of various roles and abilities during the course of an intricate building process and the design of appropriate roles for adequately-skilled architects. Originality/value – To this date, the debate on the role of architects in the context of post-disaster housing has neglected to examine empirically the implications of appointing these professionals in rural post-disaster contexts. This paper addresses this imbalance and complements the existing corpus of work by examining the impact of different roles of architects on the degree of success of the project at village level.
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Elinwa, Ugochukwu K., i Nothando Moyo. "Post-Disaster Housing: A Complex Systems Approach to Social Resilience". Open House International 43, nr 4 (1.12.2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2018-b0005.
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Conflicts are a form of man-made disaster changing the economy of nations, influencing energy concerns, food, shelter and demographic distributions. The breakdown of global systems has become a huge concern that needs working mechanisms to develop resilient cities. The working mechanisms vary from one country to another, thus making the process a complex reality. Resilience is a word that was derived from the Latin word “resalire” which means “to spring back”. In this work, the housing environment was considered as a system constituting of several subsystems (Social, Environmental, Political, Economic subsystems). It argues that for resilience to occur within the post-conflict housing environment there is a need for an inclusive evaluation of users' preferences and expectations. With a focus on the social subsystem, it tried to determine the level of significance of gender, age, income and level of exposure on the perceived social character of a post-conflict housing environment and the satisfaction derived thereof. The study showed the importance of inclusivity as it influences perception and satisfaction. Using regression analysis, the study revealed that Perception and satisfaction within a post-conflict housing environment were influenced by age (73%), gender (74%), income and level of exposure (54%).
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Wicaksono, Bambang, Ari Siswanto, Widya Fransiska i Susilo Kusdiwanggo. "Disaster and Resilient Infrastructures at Musi Riverside Settlement in Palembang". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1065, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1065/1/012047.
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Abstract The Settlement of the Musi Riverside in Palembang City is the strongest attraction for the community to build settlements. These settlement of the Musi Riverside, which have been inhabited for generations, has architectural and cultural aspects that reflect traditions that still survive. However, the community’s need for housing and riverside infrastructure that extends to cover river catchment areas actually causes changes in land topography, changes in water management, and even river widths that cause urban flooding. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the resilience of residential infrastructure on the banks of the Musi River, Palembang in the face of urban flooding. This study uses a quantitative method with descriptive analysis, which is made in cross tabulation and based on a geographic information system (GIS). The results showed that the resilience of riverbank infrastructure in the settlements of 5 Ulu and 7 Ulu in dry land was in the form of road expansion, while in wetlands it was in the form of expansion of concrete roads. The direction in reconstructing the disaster resilience of riverside settlements based on exogenous and endogenous aspects is to plan infrastructure criteria for good riverside land.
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Zhou, Tie Gang, i Chang Ming Pan. "Analysis of Sample Survey of Rural Houses in Five Regions of Gansu and Earthquake Damage Prediction". Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (maj 2012): 2265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2265.
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A large number of rural housing data based on field identification of Gansu five surveys were compiled, and the paper analyses the housing situation of Gansu, points out that the technical defects of the current rural housing construction. The mathematical model is established by fuzzy theory which is used to predict the earthquake disaster that may occur under the appropriate intensity of the survey areas in the future. Purpose is to provide the basic data to fully carry out the rural residential seismic safety work, and provide advice and reference for the follow-up to the rebuilding of old housing. It may be beneficial to enhance and improve the areas of rural building seismic performance.
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Drolet, Julie, Caroline McDonald-Harker, Nasreen Lalani i Julia Tran. "Impacts of the 2013 Flood on Immigrant Children, Youth, and Families in Alberta, Canada". International Journal of Social Work 7, nr 1 (18.05.2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v7i1.16872.
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The 2013 flood resulted in devastating impacts for immigrant children, youth, and families in Alberta, Canada. This article presents the findings of the Alberta Resilient Communities (ARC) Project, a collaborative research initiative that aimed to better understand the social, economic, health, cultural, spiritual, and personal factors that contribute to resiliency among children and youth. The study findings indicate that immigrant children and youth resilience is tied to four main themes: 1) Constructive parental responses; 2) Effective school support; 3) Active involvement in/with community; and 4) Connections between disasters and the environment. Community influencer participants revealed flood recovery challenges experienced by immigrant families that affected their settlement and integration at the community level. Major themes include: (1) Loss of documentation; (2) Provision of temporary housing and accommodation; and (3) Rethinking diversity in disaster management. The study findings demonstrate that immigrants faced significant socio-economic impacts, trauma, job loss, and housing instability as a result of the flood and its aftermath. Challenges such as limited social ties within and beyond the immigrant community, limited official language fluency, and immigration status contributed to their vulnerability. Immigrant children and youth with positive support from their immigrant parents were found to be more resilient, integrated, and engaged in the community. Recommendations for disaster and emergency management agencies to address diversity factors such as immigration status, language, age, and culture that shape long-term disaster recovery experience are provided. Schools, immigrant parents, and community connections were found to play a key role in fostering immigrant child and youth resilience post-disaster.
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Furuya, Takashi, i Haruo Hayashi. "Special Issue on Creating Community-Based Robust and Resilient Society". Journal of Disaster Research 10, nr 5 (1.10.2015): 791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0791.
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The “risk society” has become a key 21st century theme due to the economic expansion and population explosion spurred by science and technology development during the 20th century. We must create societies resilient against risk to preserve well-being and continue sustainable development. Although the ideal would be to create a society free from disaster and crisis, resources are limited. To achieve a more resilient society using these resources, we must become wise enough to identify the risks threatening society and clarify how we are to prepare against them. The traditional engineering approach is limited by its aim to reduce damage reduction as functional system of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability by focusing on mitigative action. We must instead add two factors – human activity and time dependency after a disaster – to make society more risk-resilient. The Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) seeks to create new social, public, and economic value by solving obvious problems in society. In promoting science and technology R&D for society, RISTEX supports the building of networks enabling researchers and stakeholders to cooperate in solving societal problems. Our initiatives use R&D employing knowledge in the field of the humanities and social sciences, combined with natural sciences and technologies. Based on these existing accumulated knowledge and skills, scientifically verifying issues and lessons learned from these disasters, RISTEX launched a new R&D focus area, entitled “Creating a Community-Based Robust and Resilient Society,” in 2012. This R&D focus is to develop disaster risk reduction systems making society robust and resilient in the face of large-scale disasters. Two crucial key words in this focus area are “community” and “links.” Specifically, we must reexamine community frameworks to facilitate how diverse elements of society – industry, academia, government, and citizens – can be linked and activated in overcoming complex widespread disasters. Our R&D focus is grounded in the reality of urban and regional areas, and fosters mutual multilayered cooperation. In this issue, which mark the half-way point in the six-year RISTEX R&D focus program, we present 13 papers of reports on R&D studies selected by RISTEX in fiscal years 1 and 2, reviews appraising the academic significance of these reports, and studies that introduce new findings obtained through experimental studies. Seven papers resulted from four projects in the first year, three dealing with postdisaster reconstruction. The first, the Land Conservation and Resilience after Flooding Disaster project, deals with assisting in farmland restoration following heavy rainfall. Based on a detailed activity survey and geographical analysis, the report discusses significant roles played by community and incorporated non-profit organizations collaborating with groups outside affected areas. Of the two reports on the Redevelopment of Tsunami Impacted Coastal Regions, one analyzes the reconstruction planning process of a district completing its group relocation relatively early among communities in coastal regions devastated by the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami. The other describes the computer reconstruction of village swept away by the tsunami, workshops conducted to improve reconstruction accuracy and the process by which community identity is strengthened by sharing common memories. Reports on the Disaster Mitigation Project of Traditional Buildings discuss current and future prospects for comprehensive disaster mitigation efforts in preservation districts based on a questionnaire focusing on the social capital in preservation districts for groups of traditional buildings. They also present results of action research aimed at community building based on connecting the historic townscape with people and organizations. The last first-year project deals with Computer-Assisted Structuring of Disaster Information. Related papers propose the design of a database schema for effectively processing disaster management information and use of natural-language processing to assist in this process. They also discuss issues related to the construction of an online information processing system for facilitating information coordination at disaster response headquarters that must process vast amounts of information in disaster response efforts. Six papers resulted from four projects among those selected in the second year. A paper on Resilient Metropolitan Areas Creation proposes multiscale community-based disaster mitigation planning preparing for a Nankai megathrust earthquake based on the need for a diverse region-wide discussion. They also report on workshops conducted based on this approach. One of two reports on Edutainment Disaster Relief Training proposes a sustainable training model based on scientific analysis of disaster medicine training – the first such attempt in medical relief. It describes implementation of an actual drill. The other report points out the need to classify disaster medicine learners into several hierarchical levels and discusses elements necessary for developing training programs as medutainment based on a comprehensive review of domestic sources on educational approaches and disaster medicine. The report on Structuring an Autonomous Regional Disaster Prevention Community describes how safety measures adopted since the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake by fire companies suffering many casualties from the disaster are effective in regions at risk of disasters other than tsunamis such as landslides. The report the Life Recovery of Public Rented Temporary Housing Dwellers presents ethnography and interview survey results with residents of public rented temporary housing regarding elements of life recovery such the housing situation, income and livelihood. Many field specialists agree it is essential to integrate science and technology in promoting R&D helping reduce disaster risks while achieving a resilient society. We must now put this concept into practice to ensure that research results are implemented. In effective risk and crisis communication, we focus on key prerequisites of people and society. We also address social issues using accumulated knowledge and technologies in individual fields as a starting point and linking these to the launch of new social implementations for achieving a resilient society. We express our sincere thanks and appreciation to all of the authors and reviewers involved in this special issue for their invaluable contributions and support.
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Hamdani, R. S., S. P. Hadi i I. Rudiarto. "Housing challenges in sinking coastal city: rethinking urban housing in subsidence area for a more resilient community". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1007, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1007/1/012017.
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Abstract Housing in coastal cities is facing complex environmental hazards. The risk of being permanently submerged caused by sea level rise-related flooding is aggravated by the localized hazards, which is land subsidence. We explored the land subsidence conditions in the housing zone of Semarang City using overlay spatial analysis, and we expand the discussion to the regulatory aspect and local adaptation through content analysis. We found that challenges in housing zone are the severe subsidence that is occurring on dense housing zone, regulation that still less sensitive towards incorporating the slow onset disaster and not properly provided housing hydrological consideration nor the water provision, and poor drainage system as well as limited adaptation capacity that makes people lives in a false harmony of being resilient. Affordable alternative housing such as stilt house and drainage infrastructure improvement as well as detailing and reframing building regulation that is adequate to address both subsidence and flooding is undeniably important to ensure the adequate housing is accessible for all coastal city residents.
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Xue, Kaijing, Shili Guo, Yi Liu, Shaoquan Liu i Dingde Xu. "Social Networks, Trust, and Disaster-Risk Perceptions of Rural Residents in a Multi-Disaster Environment: Evidence from Sichuan, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 4 (22.02.2021): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042106.
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Individual perception of disaster risk is not only the product of individual factors, but also the product of social interactions. However, few studies have empirically explored the correlations between rural residents’ flat social networks, trust in pyramidal channels, and disaster-risk perceptions. Taking Sichuan Province—a typical disaster-prone province in China—as an example and using data from 327 rural households in mountainous areas threatened by multiple disasters, this paper measured the level of participants’ disaster-risk perception in the four dimensions of possibility, threat, self-efficacy, and response efficacy. Then, the ordinary least squares method was applied to probe the correlations between social networks, trust, and residents’ disaster-risk perception. The results revealed four main findings. (1) Compared with scores relating to comprehensive disaster-risk perception, participants had lower perception scores relating to possibility and threat, and higher perception scores relating to self-efficacy and response efficacy. (2) The carrier characteristics of their social networks significantly affected rural residents’ perceived levels of disaster risk, while the background characteristics did not. (3) Different dimensions of trust had distinct effects on rural residents’ disaster-risk perceptions. (4) Compared with social network variables, trust was more closely related to the perceived level of disaster risks, which was especially reflected in the impact on self-efficacy, response efficacy, and comprehensive perception. The findings of this study deepen understanding of the relationship between social networks, trust, and disaster-risk perceptions of rural residents in mountainous areas threatened by multiple disasters, providing enlightenment for building resilient disaster-prevention systems in the community.
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Goodwin, Robin, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Shaojing Sun, Masahito Takahashi i Jun Aida. "Trajectories of Distress Following the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Multiwave Prospective Study". Clinical Psychological Science 8, nr 6 (15.09.2020): 1062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702620949156.
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The March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear leak were complex traumas. We examined psychological distress in the years following the earthquake using growth mixture modeling to classify responses from 2,599 linked respondents (2012–2016). We identified four classes of trajectories following the disaster: resilient (76% of respondents), delayed distress (8%), recovery (8%), and chronic distress (7%). Compared with the resilient class, other class members were less likely to be female and had less social support. Survivors in the recovery group were more likely to live in prefabricated housing. Although distress has decreased over time, specific populations continue to require targeted intervention.
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Wu, Manqing, i Guochun Wu. "An Analysis of Rural Households’ Earthquake-Resistant Construction Behavior: Evidence from Pingliang and Yuxi, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 23 (4.12.2020): 9079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239079.
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Due to the lack of earthquake-resistant rural houses, small and medium earthquakes caused massive casualties in rural China. In 2004, China began implementing the Earthquake Rural Housing Safety Project Policy (ERHSPP) to reduce earthquake losses, mainly promoting the adoption of earthquake-resistant structures in rural residents’ self-built houses through subsidies, training of construction craftsmen, and provision of earthquake-resistant housing drawings. We conducted a field survey, collecting 1169 rural households in Pingliang, Gansu Province, and 1501 rural households in Yuxi, Yunnan Province, China. We studied Earthquake-Resistant Construction Behaviors (E-RCB) by the logistic and the ordered logistic regression models. Results show that government housing subsidy promotes E-RCB of rural households; E-RCB was affected by ERHSPP, positively correlated with economic status and housing earthquake damage; E-RCB was negatively correlated with structure danger, house age, and earthquake experience; and housing earthquake damage, not earthquake experience, strikingly promoted E-RCB in rural China. The results could provide suggestions in communication risk strategies for the government. We suggest the local government should promote local acceptable disaster propaganda, provide hierarchical housing subsidies, pay attention to housing seismic supervision, publish earthquake-resistant housing design drawings, and conduct more earthquake-resistant technical training for rural craftsmen.
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Li, Wei Jian, Chang Qing Gong i Xiao Song Ren. "Introspection on Anti-Seismic of Rural Housing". Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (marzec 2013): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1403.
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Collapse and severe damage of rural housing were found to be the main seismic damage of rural housing, which leads to a lot of casualties and loss. The violent earthquakes, such as Wenchuan earthquake and Yushu earthquake caused serious damages and gave lessons to the society for better seismic performance of rural housing. Due to limitation of the fund, technology and information, the rural houses lack of normal design, construction and necessary supervision of the government. The insufficient structural capacity and weak integrity may result in the collapse of bearing members and roof or truss under disaster-causing action. The typical damage of rural housing is presented and analyzed for demonstration. Some suggestions to effectively enhance the seismic performance is hence given. From the macroscopic view, publicity for more seismic knowledge should be proceeded and the complete supervision system should be improved. And the technological measure is stressed for better collapse resistant capacity by designing reasonable structural system and reliable connection.
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Dikmen, Nese, Soofia Tahira Elias-Ozkan i Colin Davidson. "Comparison of Post-Disaster Housing Procurement Methods in Rural Areas of Turkey". Open House International 37, nr 1 (1.03.2012): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2012-b0004.
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Earthquakes strike without warning, even though they are known to recur. It is nonetheless difficult to mobilize resources to plan for them in advance, despite the high social and economic costs that can be anticipated, and despite the humanitarian obligation to provide quality and safe housing. This research examines two post-earthquake housing reconstruction projects in rural areas of Turkey, where different procurement strategies were used. A top-down strategy was adopted in Dinar after the October 1995 earthquake; and a bottom-up strategy, was adopted in the Orta district in Cankiri after the June 2000 earthquake in the region. Based on information obtained from government agencies, building contractors and the projects beneficiaries, a comparison has been made between the two procurement methods. While no generalized conclusions can be drawn – as the projects were conducted in the particular circumstances that prevail in rural areas of Turkey – it is possible to highlight key factors that can properly influence future housing procurement processes.
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Idham, Noor Cholis, i Muhammad Andriansyah. "Temporary Shelters and Disaster Resilience in Sustainability: A Case Study of Sigi After The 7.4 M Palu Earthquake 2018". Journal of Design and Built Environment 21, nr 3 (31.12.2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol21no3.1.
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Temporary housing is immediate shelter needed after a disaster for the displaced people. A vast quantity of living quarters are required in a limited time and developed mainly by many different parties. Thus they had produced a wide range of qualities of the accommodation caused due to various considerations. After its initial period, countless transitory houses were still used for years and turned into permanent dwellings, yet others just left empty since the beginning. This paper examines how housing needs recovers and how shelters are resilient to the people in a post-disaster period. One hundred one samples of temporary refuge in Sigi after the 7.4 M Palu earthquake 2018 built by four influential organisations were examined its architectural properties and occupancy. The result shows that safety, comfort, and the expectation for permanent housing significantly determine the houses' success rate. The acceptability level is ensued from top to bottom as follows: the standalone unit with the user involvement; with the local resources; with the fixed package given; and the shared unit package, respectively.
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Merdjanoff, Alexis A., Rachael Piltch-Loeb, Sarah Friedman i David M. Abramson. "Housing Transitions and Recovery of Older Adults Following Hurricane Sandy". Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, nr 6 (20.10.2018): 1041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby126.
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Abstract Objectives This study explores the effects of social and environmental disruption on emergency housing transitions among older adults following Hurricane Sandy. It is based upon the Sandy Child and Family Health (S-CAFH) Study, an observational cohort of 1,000 randomly sampled New Jersey residents living in the nine counties most affected by Sandy. Methods This analysis examines the post-Sandy housing transitions and recovery of the young-old (55–64), mid-old (65–74), and old-old (75+) compared with younger adults (19–54). We consider length of displacement, number of places stayed after Sandy, the housing host (i.e., family only, friends only, or multi-host), and self-reported recovery. Results Among all age groups, the old-old (75+) reported the highest rates of housing damage and were more likely to stay in one place besides their home, as well as stay with family rather than by themselves after the storm. Despite this disruption, the old-old were most likely to have recovered from Hurricane Sandy. Discussion Findings suggest that the old-old were more resilient to Hurricane Sandy than younger age groups. Understanding the unique post-disaster housing needs of older adults can help identify critical points of intervention for their post-disaster recovery.
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Kabilijiang, Wumair, Zhen Lan, Osamu Koide, Yuyu Geng i Takaaki Kato. "Rural Housing Reconstruction and Sustainable Development Post Wenchuan Earthquake: A Land Unification Perspective Using Dujiangyan City as an Example". Journal of Disaster Research 16, nr 8 (1.12.2021): 1179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p1179.
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This study is a retrospective evaluation of the long-term benefits of rural housing reconstruction in Dujiangyan city (DJY) after the Wenchuan earthquake from a land unification perspective based on statistical data, field investigation, literature review, and a case study. Research shows after the Wenchuan earthquake, during rural housing reconstruction, DJY optimized land development strategies through planning guidance, promoted marketized transfers of land resources, clarified the attribution of land rights through policy support to protect the interests of disaster victims, established equilibrium in the interests of the government, market, and masses, and coordinated the functions of life, production, and ecology through categorized reconstruction. Practice proves that implementation of post-earthquake housing reconstruction, guided by land unification and land-use transformation, reshapes rural form and the rural-urban relationship, thereby facilitating rural revitalization and integrated rural-urban development.
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Sou, Gemma. "Sustainable resilience? Disaster recovery and the marginalization of sociocultural needs and concerns". Progress in Development Studies 19, nr 2 (28.02.2019): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993418824192.
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Resilience has become the dominant and normative ideology of sustainability more generally, and disaster recovery more specifically. Most studies focus on how to achieve resilient recovery. This is premised on an assumption that resilience meets the needs and concerns of disaster-affected populations and is thereby sustainable. However, this article critically explores to what extent the recovery needs and concerns of disaster-affected households fit neatly within resilience vernacular and analytical frameworks. The research shows that resilience is informed by a reductive understanding of human needs as many socio-cultural needs of disaster-affected people are marginalized from resilience-based recovery. The article suggests that if disaster recovery is to be a normative and sustainable agenda, then resilience alone may be insufficient, and that needs and concerns that do not directly adapt to, reduce or avoid the impacts of hazards, ought to be prioritized in recovery programmes. The article explores these issues by investigating self-build housing processes in a post-disaster setting in Cochabamba city in Bolivia.