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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Disaster refeif"
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SCHERER, Katia Ragnini. "LA FUNZIONE DEL DIRITTO IN RELAZIONE AI RISCHI CLIMATICI". Revista Juridica 1, nr 58 (7.04.2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v1i58.3826.
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RIASSUNTO Obbiettivo: Questo articolo consiste nell’analizzare in modo riflessivo le possibilità di studio del diritto in relazione ad una gestione dinamica della legge, il cui orizzonte è la costruzione di un futuro resiliente.Tenendo conto del contesto giuridico brasiliano, sono pertanto oggetto di riflessione tre argomenti: il primo si riferisce alla forma di giudizio, da parte del Diritto ,dei disastri climatici; il secondo riguarda il trattamento dato ai disastri climatici nel quadro giuridico brasiliano e l’ultimo tratta, invece, le possibilità di sviluppare resilienza in relazione ai primi due temi. Metodologia: Il metodo di approccio scelto come supporto alla ricerca è quello dell’analisi funzionale, inteso come metodo comparativo, in cui la sua introduzione nella realtà ha la funzione di analizzare qualcosa che già esiste attraverso altre possibili considerazioni. Quindi, in questa maniera, si può fare riferimento all’oggetto come punto di vista del problema al fine di poter osservare altre soluzioni. Pertanto, la spiegazione funzionale non è altro che l’espansione del tutto a una limitazione specifica degli equivalenti funzionali. Risultati: Considerando l’oggetto dell’analisi, i risultati puntano verso una necessaria assimilazione della denominazione ‘rischio climatico’ da parte della gestione legale delle catastrofi , oltre ad indicare la possibilità di introduzione di servizi ecositemici come strumenti legali nel Diritto i quali concretizzeranno la matrice strutturante, inaugurata dall’attuale politica pubblica brasiliana di protezione e difesa civile, che è la prevenzione. Contributi: Il principale apporto di questo studio si riferisce alla differenziazione funzionale degli strumenti giuridici già esistenti nella legislazione brasiliana al fine di garantire l'efficacia delle politiche pubbliche per la produzione e il recupero dei servizi ecosistemici, come uno dei pilastri della resilienza legale per la gestione giuridica dei rischi di catastrofi dovute a cambiamenti climatici, che sono sempre più numerosi, intensi e gravi. Parole-chiave: Rischi climatici; Gestione del diritto; Servizi ecosistemici; Resilienza; Teoria dei sistemi. RESUMO Objetivo:Este artigo consiste em analisar reflexivamente as possibilidades de observação do Direito em relação a uma gestão dinâmica pelo Direito, cujo horizonte é a construção de um futuro resiliente. Assim são objeto de reflexão três argumentos levando em conta o contexto jurídico brasileiro: o primeiro se refere à forma de observação dos desastres climáticos pelo Direito; o segundo refere-se ao tratamento dado aos desastres no marco legal brasileiro e o último investiga as possibilidades de construção de resiliência em relação aos mesmos. Metodologia: O método de abordagem escolhido para a sustentação da investigação é o da análise funcional, compreendido como um método comparativo, em que sua introdução na realidade possui a função de olhar algo que já existe com outras possibilidades de observação. Assim, por tal método, se remete o objeto a um ponto de vista do problema para observar outras soluções. Portanto, a explicação funcional não é outra coisa senão a expansão do todo para uma limitação em concreto das equivalentes funcionais. Resultados: Considerando o objeto de análise, os resultados apontam para a necessária assimilação da nova denominação “ risco climático” à gestão jurídica de desastres, assim como aponta os serviços ecossistêmicos como possibilidade de introdução no Direito de instrumentos legais que irão concretizar a matriz estruturante inaugurada pela atual política pública brasileira de proteção e defesa civil que é a prevenção. Contribuições: A principal contribuição deste estudo se refere à diferenciação funcional de instrumentos jurídicos já existentes na legislação brasileira com a finalidade de garantia da efetivação de políticas públicas de produção e recuperação de serviços ecossistêmicos, como um dos pilares de resiliência jurídica para a gestão jurídica de riscos de desastres advindos das mudanças climáticas, cada vez mais numerosos, intensos e severos. Palavras-chave: Riscos climáticos; Gestão pelo Direito; Serviços ecossistêmicos; Resiliência; Teoria dos Sistemas.
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Salgueiro Donato Bacelar, Luiz Carlos, Aliana Maciel, Carlos Frederico de Angelis i Javier Tomasella. "Limiares de chuva deflagradores de inundações bruscas: metodologia, aplicação e avaliação em ambiente operacional". Revista DAE 221, nr 68 (10.12.2019): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36659/dae.2020.007.
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The present technical article refers to the methodology, application and evaluation of the first computational tool for diagnosis and prognosis of flash floods, based on rain thresholds, which was implemented in the platform of the National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (Cemaden). From historical series of river levels and rainfall data, a procedure was developed to construct relationships that indicate the amount of rain necessary to increase the probability of flash floods occurring in up to twentyfour hours. Rainfall data from rain gauges, weather radars, satellites and atmospheric modeling are used for real-time monitoring of the pre-es- tablished critical rainfall thresholds, integrated into the monitoring and operation. Three cases of flash flood risk warnings sent after the implementation of the tool were analyzed, which demonstrated a good performance in the anticipation of flash floods hazard situations. O presente artigo refere-se à apresentação da metodologia, aplicação e avaliação da primeira ferramenta computacional para diagnóstico e prognóstico para inundações bruscas, baseada em limiares de chuva, que foi implementada na plataforma do Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais (Cemaden). A partir de séries históricas de níveis dos rios e dados pluviométricos, um procedimento foi ela- borado para construir relações que indicam a quantidade de chuva necessária para aumento da probabilidade de ocorrência de inundações bruscas em até vinte e quatro horas. Os dados de precipitação provenientes de pluviômetros, radares meteorológicos, satélites e modelagem atmosférica por conjunto são utilizados para acompanhamento em tempo real dos níveis críticos de chuva pré-estabelecidos, integrados ao monitoramen- to e operação. Foram analisados três casos de alertas de risco às inundações bruscas, enviados após a implementação da ferramenta, que demonstrou um bom desempenho na antecipação de situações de perigo devido às inundações bruscas
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Silva, Julio César Félix da, i Clélio Cristiano dos Santos. "Problemática Ambiental dos Rios Urbanos: Vulnerabilidades e Riscos nas Margens do Riacho da Prata na Cidade de Lajedo-PE (Environmental Problems of Urban Rivers: Vulnerabilities and Risks on the Banks of the Silver Creek in the City of Lajedo-PE)". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 5, nr 3 (5.11.2012): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v5i3.232840.
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A produção do espaço urbano em bacias hidrográficas constitui a problemática ambiental dos rios urbanos, já que os rios são negados pela expansão da malha urbana na medida em que suas margens são ocupadas arbitrariamente. Trata-se de um tema de interesse para os pesquisadores que se dedicam ao estudo da urbanização, processo que quase sempre é marcado por sérios problemas ambientais. Diante desse contexto, a ideia desta pesquisa é analisar a problemática ambiental urbana decorrente da ocupação irregular das margens do Riacho da Prata, visando identificar sua origem, as áreas de vulnerabilidade socioambiental e os possíveis riscos ambientais para moradores ribeirinhos da cidade de Lajedo – PE. Esta pesquisa parte de um viés crítico dialético, através da pesquisa documental, bibliográfica, histórica e de campo. Ao final da pesquisa constatou-se que o Riacho da Prata foi negado pelo processo de crescimento urbano alavancado desde a década de 1960, e por isso se encontra sem vegetação ciliar, assoreado e poluído. Enquanto a população residente em suas margens, isto é, em áreas de risco ambiental, onde desenvolve diversas práticas sócio-espaciais que degradam o rio, e que ao mesmo tempo podem comprometê-las nos que se refere à saúde: são elas: criação de animais, crianças brincando nas margens do rio, acúmulo de lixo nas margens e/ou no leito do rio, dentre outras. Além disso, percebeu-se que as comunidades mais pobres são mais vulneráveis aos riscos ambientais, tanto pela escassez de infra-estrutura básica, como pela menor capacidade de se proteger contra algum desastre, como uma inundação.Palavras - chave: Problemática ambiental, Rios urbanos, Riacho da Prata, Vulnerabilidade, Risco Ambiental. Environmental Problems of Urban Rivers: Vulnerabilities and Risks on the Banks of the Silver Creek in the City of Lajedo-PE ABSTRACTThe production of urban space in watersheds is the environmental issue of urban rivers, as the rivers are denied by the expansion of the urban fabric in that its banks are occupied arbitrarily. This is a topic of interest to researchers who are dedicated to the study of urbanization, a process that is often marked by serious environmental problems. In this context, the idea of this research is to analyze the environmental problems caused by urban irregular occupation of the shores of Silver Creek, to identify their origin, areas of environmental vulnerability and potential environmental risks to residents bordering the city of Lajedo - PE. This research starts from a critical dialectical bias through desk research, literature, and historical field. At the end of the study it was found that the Silver Creek was denied by the process of urban growth leveraged since the 1960s, so it is no riparian vegetation, silted and polluted. While the resident population on its banks, that is, in areas of environmental risk, which develops various socio-spatial practices that degrade the river, and at the same time may compromise them in relation to health: they are: creating animals, children playing on the banks of the river, accumulation of garbage in the margins and / or in the riverbed, among others. Moreover, it was noticed that the poorest communities are more vulnerable to environmental risks, both by the lack of basic infrastructure, such as poorer ability to protect against a disaster, like a flood.Keywords: Environmental Issues, Urban Rivers, Silver Creek, Vulnerability, Environmental Risk.
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Alves, Guilherme Prado, Ana Luiza De Souza Marcondes, Maria Elisa Diniz Bucci i Maria Rita Raimundo e. Almeida. "A participação social nos processos de Licenciamento Ambiental de empreendimentos minerários em Minas Gerais". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, nr 5 (12.08.2020): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.5.p2154-2169.
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A mineração é uma das bases da economia brasileira e, por causar impactos socioambientais, está sujeita ao licenciamento e avaliação de impacto ambiental que envolve a participação social. Entretanto, a literatura aponta que a participação dentro desses processos possui limitações. Destarte, este trabalho objetivou analisar a participação social nas audiências públicas dos processos de licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos minerários em Minas Gerais. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados disponibilizados no sítio eletrônico da Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável das solicitações e realização das audiências públicas entre julho/2018 e novembro/2019. Para as audiências realizadas, foram levantados, por meio da ata, alguns pontos de interesse. Inicialmente, observou-se a ausência de solicitação em 85% dos 143 processos. No entanto, no que se refere à mineração, foram encontrados 12 processos, sendo que dois terços já contavam com audiência (solicitada, agendada ou realizada). Os principais solicitantes das audiências foram entidades civis e autoridades locais. As audiências realizadas mostraram-se acessíveis e favoráveis a participação nos quesitos horário, local, presença de lideranças comunitárias e membros da sociedade civil. Já a linguagem utilizada apresentou características distintas, sendo não adequada à participação em alguns casos. Em síntese, a participação sob a forma de audiência pública, tão ausente nos processos de licenciamento mineiros, esteve mais presente quando se tratava de mineração, o que pode ser resultado dos recentes desastres. Ainda, notou-se a importância da participação social frente à mineração, a fim de garantir que a sociedade seja informada sobre seus riscos e benefícios. Social participation in public hearings in the Environmental Licensing processes of mining in Minas Gerais State - Brazil ABSTRACTMining is one of foundations of the Brazilian economy and causes socio-environmental impacts, and then it is subject to licensing and environmental impact assessment process that involves social participation. However, the literature points out that participation within licensing processes has limitations. Thus, this work aimed to describe the social participation in public hearings of the environmental licensing processes of mining in Minas Gerais State, after implementation of the “Public Hearing Consultation and Request” system. For this, data available on website of requests and conducting of public hearings from July/2018 to November/2019 were used. For hearing held, some points of interest were raised through minutes. Initially, the absence of requests was observed in 85% of 143 cases. However, with regard to mining activities, 12 cases were found, of which two thirds already had the audience (requested, scheduled or carried out). The main requesters for hearings were civil entities and local authorities. The hearings held proved to be accessible and favorable to participation in terms of time, place, community leaders presence and civil society members. The language used in the hearings presented different characteristics, being not suitable for participation in some cases. In summary, participation in form of a public hearing, so absent in the licensing processes in Minas Gerais, was more present when it came to mining, which may be result of the recent disasters. Not having a public hearing indicates a weakness; however, its performance is not a guarantee of effective participation.Keywords: Public hearing, Environmental Impact Assessment, mining, public participation, Minas Gerais State.
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ÇELİKEL, Fatih. "The Relationship Between Natural Disasters and Human Behaviors in the Context of Said Nursi's Earthquake Treatise". ULUM, 24.10.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54659/ulum.1333267.
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Doğal afetler insanoğlunun zaman zaman karşılaştığı tahrip edici tabîi olaylardır. Deprem de bunlardan biridir. Osmanlı’nın son dönem âlimlerinden olan Said Nursî On Dördüncü Söz isimli risâlesinde yaşadığı dönemde gerçekleşen Erzincan ve İzmir depremleriyle ilgili soruları cevaplandırmaktadır. Bu soruların bazısı o dönemde yaşanan söz konusu depremler hakkındayken bazısı tüm doğal afetlerde kişinin zihnine gelebilecek türden sorulardır. Nursî’nin ilgili risâlede ortaya koyduğu çerçeve gerek doğal afetlerin insan davranışlarıyla ilişkisi gerekse kötülük problemi bağlamında doğal afetlerin yerini tayin etme açısından oldukça önemlidir. Nursî kendisine yöneltilen sorulara vermiş olduğu cevaplarla bazı tabîi afetlerin insan davranışlarıyla ilişkili olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Ona göre ilgili dönemde yaşanan Erzincan ve İzmir depremlerinin sebebi Ramazan ayında işlenilen ve umumiyet kesbeden günahlardır. O, bu yorumuyla doğal afetlerin insan davranışlarından bağımsız olmadığını ileri sürmektedir. Nursî kendisine yöneltilen diğer soruda birer musibet olarak görülmeleri sebebiyle doğal afetlerden zarar gören masumların durumu ile Allah’ın sonsuz rahmeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Onun nazarında depremde kaybedilen mallar sadaka, hayatını kaybedenler ise şehit hükmündedir, dolayısıyla burada Allah’ın merhametine aykırı bir durum söz konusu değildir. Son dönemlerde doğal afetlerin ilâhî ceza olabileceği söyleminin Kur’ânî olmadığı, depremlerin ilâhî ceza olarak nitelenemeyeceği görüşü daha güçlü şekilde dillendirilmektedir. Bu söylemin savunucuları görüşlerini bazı Kur’ân âyetleriyle refere etmektedir. Bu âyetlerden biri zâhiren Cenâb-ı Hakk’ın yeryüzünde işlediği günahlar sebebiyle insanı cezalandırmadığı şeklinde bir anlama sahiptir. Buna göre doğal afetleri ilâhî ceza olarak görmek söz konusu âyetin mefhumuna aykırı bir yaklaşımdır. Bu konuda öne sürülen bir diğer gerekçe ise Kur’ân’da doğal afetlerin helâk edilen inkârcı kavimler bağlamında zikredilmesidir. Çağımızda tamamen inkârcıları hedef alan böylesi toplu bir helâk söz konusu olmadığı için günümüzde yaşanan doğal afetleri bu kapsamda değerlendirmek ve bunların işlenilen suçların cezası olduğunu ileri sürmek doğru değildir. Doğal afetler Kur’ân penceresinden incelendiğinde Allah’ın bu hadiseleri çeşitli amaçlara yönelik olarak yarattığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bunlar, inkârcı kavimlerin küllî bir şekilde cezalandırılması, insanların imtihan edilmesi ve yanlış yolda giden insanların doğru yola döndürülmesi şeklindedir. Bu makalede yukarıdaki genel çerçeve içerisinde Nursî’nin ilgili risaledeki cevaplarının Kur’ân ve sünnet açısından tahlili ve doğal afetlerin ilâhî ceza olamayacağı söyleminin dayanakları açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Temelde iki konuyu incelemeyi hedef alan bu çalışmada tahlil ve tenkit yöntemi kullanılmakta ve konu bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla incelenmeye çalışılmaktadır.
Książki na temat "Disaster refeif"
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Kitahara, Kōya. Tsunami no machi ni ikiru: Ruporutāju 3. 11 ōtsunami : Kamaishi no higeki to chōsen. Tōkyō: Hon no Izumisha, 2011.
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Kesehatan, Indonesia Departemen. Technical guidelines for health crisis responses on disaster: Refer for international standard : guidelines for health workers that involve in health crisis responses on disaster in Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, 2007.
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Sever, Mehmet Şükrü, i Raymond Vanholder. Acute kidney injury in polytrauma and rhabdomyolysis. Redaktor Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0252_update_001.
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The term ‘polytrauma’ refers to blunt (or crush) trauma that involves multiple body regions or cavities, and compromises physiology to potentially cause dysfunction of uninjured organs. Polytrauma frequently affects muscles resulting in rhabdomyolysis. In daily life, it mostly occurs after motor vehicle accidents, influencing a limited number of patients; after mass disasters, however, thousands of polytrauma victims may present at once with only surgical features or with additional medical complications (crush syndrome). Among the medical complications, acute kidney injury (AKI) deserves special mention, since it is frequent and has a substantial impact on the ultimate outcome.Several factors play a role in the pathogenesis of polytrauma (or crush)-induced AKI: (1) hypoperfusion of the kidneys, (2) myoglobin-induced direct nephrotoxicity, and intratubular obstruction, and also (3) several other mechanisms (i.e. iron and free radical-induced damage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and ischaemia reperfusion injury). Crush-related AKI is prerenal at the beginning; however, acute tubular necrosis may develop eventually. In patients with crush syndrome, apart from findings of trauma, clinical features may include (but are not limited to) hypotension, oliguria, brownish discoloration of urine, and other symptoms and findings, such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bleeding, cardiac failure, arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances, and also psychological trauma.In the biochemical evaluation, life-threatening hyperkalaemia, retention of uraemic toxins, high anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated serum levels of myoglobin, and muscle enzymes are noted; creatine phosphokinase is very useful for diagnosing rhabdomyolysis.Early fluid administration is vital to prevent crush-related AKI; the rate of initial fluid volume should be 1000 mL/hour. Overall, 3–6 L are administered within a 6-hour period considering environmental, demographic and clinical features, and urinary response to fluids. In disaster circumstances, the preferred fluid formulation is isotonic saline because of its ready availability. Alkaline (bicarbonate-added) hypotonic saline may be more useful, especially in isolated cases not related to disaster, as it may prevent intratubular myoglobin, and uric acid plugs, metabolic acidosis, and also life-threatening hyperkalaemia.In the case of established acute tubular necrosis, dialysis support is life-saving. Although all types of dialysis techniques may be used, intermittent haemodialysis is the preferred modality because of medical and logistic advantages. Close follow-up and appropriate treatment improve mortality rates, which may be as low as 15–20% even in disaster circumstances. Polytrauma victims after mass disasters deserve special mention, because crush syndrome is the second most frequent cause of death after trauma. Chaos, overwhelming number of patients, and logistical drawbacks often result in delayed, and sometimes incorrect treatment. Medical and logistical disaster preparedness is useful to improve the ultimate outcome of disaster victims.
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Phillips, J. R. S. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198223597.003.0011.
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CONTEMPORARY or near‐contemporary comments upon the character of the Earl of Pembroke ran the gamut from extravagant adulation to execration. Of those favourable to him the most balanced, surprisingly, is that of the Scottish author of The Bruce, who, in describing the English disaster at Bannockburn in 1314, could nevertheless refer to Pembroke in respectful terms despite his earlier leadership of invading English armies in the reign of Edward I....
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Ryle, Cym Anthony. Risk and Reason in Clinical Diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190944001.001.0001.
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This book provides, without the use of specialist language, a description of diagnostic reasoning and error and a discussion of steps that could improve diagnostic accuracy. Drawing on work in cognitive psychology, it presents the key characteristics of human reasoning. It notes that complex cognitive tasks such as medical diagnosis require a synergy of intuition and analytical thinking and introduces the concept of bias. The book considers the value of current classifications of disease, the meaning of diagnostic thresholds, and the potential for overdiagnosis. It examines the role of the patient-centred approach in this context. It develops a description of the diagnostic process, provides illustrative examples and metaphors, and refers to the dual-process model. It suggests that medical training does not consistently provide a coherent account of diagnostic thinking and the associated risks of error. It considers the role of probability in diagnostic reasoning, noting the contribution and the limitations of both informal and mathematical estimates. It refers to clear evidence that error in medical diagnosis is a prevalent and potent cause of harm and may result from systems factors or cognitive glitches such as bias and logical fallacy. It presents cases with commentaries, highlighting the cognitive processes in diagnostic successes, near misses, and disasters. It concludes with proposals for change, notably in institutional culture; in professional culture, education, and training; and in the structure of medical records. The book advocates the development and deployment of computerized diagnostic decision support. It argues that these changes could significantly enhance patient safety.
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Shephard OAM, Mark, red. Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305193.
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Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to pathology testing performed in a clinical setting at the time of patient consultation, generating a rapid test result that enables informed and timely clinical action to be taken on patient care. It offers patients greater convenience and access to health services and helps to improve clinical outcomes. POCT also provides innovative solutions for the detection and management of chronic, acute and infectious diseases, in settings including family practices, Indigenous medical services, community health facilities, rural and remote areas and in developing countries, where health-care services are often geographically isolated from the nearest pathology laboratory.
A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing shows health professionals how to set up and manage POCT services under a quality-assured, sustainable, clinically and culturally effective framework, as well as understand the wide global scope and clinical applications of POCT.
The book is divided into three major themes: the management of POCT services, a global perspective on the clinical use of POCT, and POCT for specific clinical settings. Chapters within each theme are written by experts and explore wide-ranging topics such as selecting and evaluating devices, POCT for diabetes, coagulation disorders, HIV, malaria and Ebola, and the use of POCT for disaster management and in extreme environments. Figures are included throughout to illustrate the concepts, principles and practice of POCT.
Written for a broad range of practicing health professionals from the fields of medical science, health science, nursing, medicine, paramedic science, Indigenous health, public health, pharmacy, aged care and sports medicine, A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing will also benefit university students studying these health-related disciplines.
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Lambert, Matthew M. The Green Depression. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496830401.001.0001.
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This book argues that depression-era authors contributed to the development of modern environmental thought in three distinct ways. First, they began recognizing as never before the devastating and even apocalyptic effects that humans can have on the environment, particularly in response to the period’s dust storms, flooding, and other human-created ecological disasters. Next, they acknowledged the ecological importance of nonhuman nature, including animal “predators” and “pests,” as conservationists were beginning to do during the period. And lastly, they laid the groundwork for what we now refer to as “environmental justice” by directly connecting environmental exploitation with racial, economic, and gender inequality. To illustrate the reach of environmental thought during the period, the first three chapters of the book focus on different geographical landscapes, including the wilderness, rural, and urban. The last chapter examines the period’s growing concern over the effects of technology on the human and nonhuman world. Ultimately, The Green Depression illustrates the importance of depression-era literature to the development of the modern environmentalist and environmental justice movements. It also contributes to a growing body of scholarship that identifies the importance of environmental thought to the literature and culture of African Americans and other minority groups as well as in considering urban landscapes and other built environments. Finally, the book seeks to initiate a conversation to consider how experiences and ideas from the period have influenced and can inform responses to the intersections of environmental, social, and economic issues in our own time.
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Lema Vélez, Luisa Fernanda, Daniel Hermelin, María Margarita Fontecha i Dunia H. Urrego. Climate Change Communication in Colombia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.598.
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Colombia is in a privileged position to take advantage of international climate agreements to finance sustainable development initiatives. The country is a signatory of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreements. As a non-Annex I party to the UNFCCC, Colombia produces low emissions in relation to global numbers (0.46% of total global emissions for 2010) and exhibits biogeographical conditions that are ideal for mitigation of climate change through greenhouse gas sequestration and emission reductions. Simultaneously, recent extreme climatic events have harshly compromised the country’s economy, making Colombia’s vulnerability to climate change evident.While these conditions should justify a strong approach to climate change communication that motivates decision making and leads to mitigation and adaptation, the majority of sectors still fall short of effectively communicating their climate change messages. Official information about climate change is often too technical and rarely includes a call for action. However, a few exceptions exist, including environmental education materials for children and a noteworthy recent strategy to deliver the Third Communication to the UNFCCC in a form that is more palatable to the general public. Despite strong research on climate change, particularly related to agricultural, environmental, and earth sciences, academic products are rarely communicated in a way that is easily understood by decision makers and has a clear impact on public policy. Messages from the mass media frequently confuse rather than inform the public. For instance, television news refers to weather-related disasters, climate variability, and climate change indiscriminately. This shapes an erroneous idea of climate change among the public and weakens the effectiveness of communications on the issue.The authors contrast the practices of these sectors with those of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in Colombia to show how they address the specific climate communication needs facing the country. These NGOs directly face the challenge of working with diverse population groups in this multicultural, multiethnic, and megadiverse country. NGOs customize languages, channels, and messages for different audiences and contexts, with the ultimate goal of building capacity in local communities, influencing policymakers, and sensitizing the private sector. Strategies that result from the work of interdisciplinary groups, involve feedback from the audiences, and incorporate adaptive management have proven to be particularly effective.
Części książek na temat "Disaster refeif"
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Yu, Zhen, Jie Feng, Shiyang Tang, Zeyu Liu, Yiran Yan i Na Luo. "Network Awareness and Emergency Command Fundamentals". W Disaster Intelligent Perception and Emergency Command of Power Grid, 15–45. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7236-4_2.
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Yu, Zhen, Jie Feng, Shiyang Tang, Zeyu Liu, Yiran Yan i Na Luo. "Grid Emergency Decision Technology". W Disaster Intelligent Perception and Emergency Command of Power Grid, 275–326. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7236-4_6.
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AbstractFrom the perspective of system theory, the so-called mechanism refers to the operation mechanism and working principle of the system, and in fact, it is the operation mode of the internal components of the system and the operation rules and principles of the mutual connection and interaction between the elements.
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Ha, Nguyen Duc, Nguyen Huy Duong, Nguyen Quoc Khanh, Tran The Viet, Do Van Vung, Nguyen Thi Hai Van i Nguyen Hoang Ninh. "Landslide Early Warning System Based on the Empirical Approach: Case Study in Ha Long City (Vietnam)". W Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 2 Issue 1, 2023, 209–25. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39012-8_9.
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AbstractLandslides refer to a common type of natural disaster in the mountainous areas in Vietnam, potentially causing detrimental impacts on humans, property, and the environment. In light of the emerging damage pertaining to this type of natural disaster in recent years, the construction of an effective landslide early warning system appears to be more critically urgent than ever.This study proposes a landslide early warning system based on a landslide susceptibility map and a rainfall threshold for Ha Long City (capital of Quang Ninh Province). Due to the difference in the collected data, the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method was used to create a landslide susceptibility map at a scale of 1:50,000 for Quang Ninh Province, while the empirical method was used to establish the landslide rainfall threshold for Ha Long City, using data from 2005 to 2016 on rainfall and landslides.The results, which were verified with the inventory map (for the landslide susceptibility map) and with the landslide and rainfall data in the 2017–2021 period (for the rainfall threshold), showed the reliability of predicting the spatial and temporal occurrences of landslides.Following that, the landslide susceptibility map and rainfall threshold can be added to a WebGIS-based landslide early warning system along with information from automatic weather stations and rainfall forecasts. This will help authorities and local people in the study area get landslide warnings effectively.
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Stampfer, Michael. "Why Don’t You Do Something to Help Me? Digital Humanism: A Call for Cities to Act". W Perspectives on Digital Humanism, 257–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86144-5_34.
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AbstractCities across the globe face the challenge of managing massive digitization processes to meet climate goals and turn urban agglomerations into more livable places. Digital Humanism helps us to see and define how such transformations can be done through empowerment of citizens and administrations, with a strong political agenda calling for inclusion, quality of life, and social goals. Such an approach appears to be much more promising than top-down technological fantasies as often provided by large companies in fields like housing, transport, the use of public space, or healthcare. The title refers to a question put to Stan Laurel by Oliver Hardy in countless movies. Here the latter stands for a city calling industry for help. The delivery as we know can lead straight to disaster, but in real life it is less funny than with the two great comedians.
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Simonis, Ingo, i Karel Charvát. "Standards and EO Data Platforms". W Big Data in Bioeconomy, 17–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_2.
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AbstractIn the digital bio-economy like in many other sectors, standards play an important role. With “Standards”, we refer here to the protocols that describe how data and the data-exchange are defined to enable digital exchange of data between devices. This chapter evaluates how Big Data, cloud processing, and app stores together form a new market that allows exploiting the full potential of geospatial data. This chapter focuses on the essential cornerstones that help make Big Data processing a more seamless experience for bioeconomy data. The described approach is domain-independent, thus can be applied to agriculture, fisheries, and forestry as well as earth observation sciences, climate change research, or disaster management. This flexibility is essential when it comes to addressing real world complexities for any domain, as no single domain has sufficient data available within its own limits to tackle the major research challenges our world is facing.
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Ochiai, Mototsugu. "Rural Development in Japan". W Sustainable Development Disciplines for Society, 33–44. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5145-9_3.
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AbstractIn this chapter, I will give an overview of the development of rural areas in Japan and then refer to the problems that they currently face, such as the weakening of the community, deterioration of the management function of the local environment, deterioration of the function of agricultural producers, damage caused by wildlife birds and beasts, and response to climate change and disasters. Thereafter, I shall discuss the rebuilding of communities through exchanges with cities, establishing next-generation agriculture by utilizing information and communication technology (ICT), developing renewable energy by utilizing local resources, and establishing new connections that complement each other’s roles within the region, as necessary, for sustainable rural development in the future. Hence, this chapter is related to all 17 goals because it describes the sustainable development of rural areas and, in particular, contributes to the “Sustainable Cities and Communities” of SDG 11.
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Olsson, Per, i Michele-Lee Moore. "Transformations, Agency and Positive Tipping Points: A Resilience-Based Approach". W Springer Climate, 59–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50762-5_4.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on a social-ecological systems (SES) resilience-based approach to critically examine the relationship between tipping points and transformative change. Resilience science provides a framework for understanding the dynamics and interdependencies of complex systems and their ability to persist, adapt, or transform in response to change and uncertainty. Transformation refers to a deliberate and fundamental restructuring of a system or a set of relationships that hold a system in a particular state. We argue that the integration of a resilience-based approach to transformations can enhance the understanding of the link between tipping points and transformations, as well as the agency and capacities required to navigate them. In particular, we focus on how transformations research emphasizes the need to: better understand tipping points as one of many aspects of deeper transformation processes, include consideration of the distributed nature of agency and relationships, and how uncertainties will emerge in relation to shocks and disturbances which will surround tipping points. To achieve this, we drawing on the inter- and transdisciplinary scholarship related to transformations to sustainability including leverage points, social-ecological tipping points, disaster resilience, and case studies. We conclude that social tipping alone is insufficient; instead, there is a need for capacities to navigate the entire tipping process, or the full range of tipping dynamics, toward desired outcomes.
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Winkle, Thomas. "Findings from Traffic Accident Analysis". W Product Development within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk, 7–43. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34293-7_2.
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AbstractWith regard to safe product development in the dilemma between Artificial Intelligence, ethics and legal risk, Thomas Winkle provides a meta-analysis for safety assessment using accident data to demonstrate potential safety benefits and risks. Thomas Winkle also refers to the disasters of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents. They mark changes in acceptance about the use of nuclear energy. Comparisons are made between the global mortality rates of females and males on traffic mortality in relation to the life expectancy of various countries around the world, from Sierra Leone with the lowest life expectancy to Japan with the highest. The probability of dying from a traffic accident is highest in Venezuela and Sierra Leone. Another overview addresses the global mortality rate with exemplary causes of death in contrast to the ISO 26262 requirements of the Automotive Safety Integrity Level "ASIL D" and a hardware failure rate of less than 1 * 10-81/h. Furthermore, he uses traffic accident data examples of safety-enhancing automated vehicle systems with a low degree of automation that are already available on the market. For testing methods to develop and validate safe automated vehicles with reasonable expenditure, the author recommends combining worldwide traffic accident-, weather-, vehicle operation data and traffic simulations. Based on these findings, a realistic evaluation of internationally prospective, and statistically relevant real-world traffic scenarios as well as error processes and stochastic models can be analyzed (in combination with virtual tests in laboratories and driving simulators) to control critical driving situations.
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Jabbar, M. A., Ruqqaiya Begum i K. Tejasvi. "Demystifying the Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Management". W AI and IoT for Proactive Disaster Management, 17–25. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3896-4.ch002.
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A disaster is an unexpected event that disrupts a society's functioning while also harming the human environment and causing financial and material losses. It can be caused by either natural or human factors. In today's society, disasters are seen as the product of good planning, which leads to hazards and vulnerabilities. The term “disaster management” refers to the planning and management of disasters. Artificial intelligence is the ability of computers to perform the tasks that are usually done by humans. Artificial intelligence has been used in many industrial applications and also used in everyday interactions with technology. Artificial intelligence is being used in sustainable development, and disaster risk management. Machine learning and artificial intelligence models can be used in both ways in disaster management, i.e., pre-in disaster management and post-in disaster management.
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Albala-Bertrand, J. M. "Introduction". W Political Economy of Large Natural Disasters, 1–7. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198287650.003.0001.
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Abstract The emphasis of this study is on the framework of economic and social effects of disaster situations rather than on disaster policy prescription. We prefer to concentrate on the analytical framework within which policy-making should be based and carried through rather than on actual policy-making. This frame work is also intended to facilitate a critical analysis of existing viewpoints on disasters, particularly in relation to the economy. The study refers especially to developing countries affected by large natural disasters in the last three decades, but as most prevailing views derive from disaster analysis in developed countries, especially the USA, the developed world is also well represented.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Disaster refeif"
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Shimbo, Aki, Amna Javed, Hideomi Gokon i Youji Kohda. "Value creation through third-party certification - Case study of phase-free certification for certifying disaster prevention". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002557.
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The purpose of this research is to clarify how third-party certification creates value by looking at a case study of third-party certification. An application of the “phase free” concept is discussed as an example of how third-party certification generates value. Disaster prevention is a typical social issue that diverse members of society must proactively confront. It is, however, considered an uncertain cost by many people, wherein preparing for disasters is not an entrenched practice. “Phase free” is a concept originating in Japan that aims to encourage consumers to purchase products and services that are useful in the event of disasters by providing phase-free certification of such products and services. For example, a plug-in hybrid or electric vehicle can be used as a battery when parked. Even though this power storage function is not recognized at normal times, it will be very useful in the event of a disaster. Phase free, thus, refers to the concept of "deriving considerable benefit during times of emergencies from products and services used in everyday life."Generally, third-party certification is considered to bring about a positive effect on eliminating the asymmetry of information, such as by guaranteeing the quality of products and services in the market, by strengthening a company's competitiveness, and by enhancing reliability. However, due to the considerable economic and time burden imposed on producers in complying with strict standards and the lack of understanding among consumers about the value of certification, the use of certification marks has not gained sufficient traction. There are cases, however, in which third-party authentication is considered to have led to the creation of value. For example, non-fungible tokens (NFT) are also seen to be creating new value by allowing third parties to certify (endorse) value using block chain technology. Phase-free certification, like NFT, appears to be successful in creating value.This study elucidates the features of value creation through phase-free certification by looking into the activities of the Phase Free Association (https://phasefree.or.jp/), which carries out third-party certification. The target of the study is the "School Education Initiatives in Naruto City, Tokushima Prefecture," which was certified by the Phase Free Association in 2021 (Gold Prize winner at the Phase Free Award 2021). An interview with representatives of the Phase Free Association was conducted to clarify how the "value of disaster prevention" is embedded in school education. An analysis was conducted focusing on the benefits that school officials, parents, government officials, and other stakeholders gain from this embedded value of disaster prevention. The study clarifies how balance is achieved between normal-time value (teaching the prescribed school education curriculum) and disaster-time value (protecting children from disasters), as well as investigates the mechanism behind the value-creation process.This study, therefore, contributes to research on third-party certification through analysis of a case of phase-free certification that has succeeded in providing value related to disaster prevention to school education, which is an intangible service.
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Xia, Fujun. "Study on the strategy of improving urban resilience from the perspective of sponge city construction". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/czos3123.
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Urban resilience refers to the ability of a city to cope with disasters and recover its basic functions rapidly. Urban transportation, urban infrastructure, urban public policy-making and other aspects can improve the resilience of the city. At present, the urban water environment in China is still deteriorating, and the rainstorm and waterlogging disasters are still frequent. Therefore, the author chooses the sponge city construction to study the strategies to improve the urban resilience. The author chooses two aspects of urban storm and waterlogging disaster control and surface runoff, which are closely related to the improvement of urban resilience, as the main research objects, selects specific evaluation indexes and proposes calculation functions, and adopts multiple research methods such as typical case study, spatial model simulation quantitative analysis, statistical analysis and empirical research, through arc GIS analysis, PCSWMM modeling and grasshopper data-based research By means of design and horizontal comparative study of three practical cases, this paper makes a qualitative and quantitative study on the strategy of sponge city construction performance to improve the city's resilience, and the quantitative research is mainly used. There are two main achievements in this study: a set of quantitative research methods to improve the resilience of sponge city construction is preliminarily explored through the application of the evaluation model; some strategies to improve the resilience of sponge city construction are proposed.
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Wong, Yew Kee. "Applying AI and Big Data for Sensitive Operations and Disaster Management". W 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning Techniques and NLP (MLNLP 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111429.
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Artificial intelligence has been a buzz word that is impacting every industry in the world. With the rise of such advanced technology, there will be always a question regarding its impact on our social life, environment and economy thus impacting all efforts exerted towards sustainable development. In the information era, enormous amounts of data have become available on hand to decision makers. Big data refers to datasets that are not only big, but also high in variety and velocity, which makes them difficult to handle using traditional tools and techniques. Due to the rapid growth of such data, solutions need to be studied and provided in order to handle and extract value and knowledge from these datasets for different industries and business operations. Numerous use cases have shown that AI can ensure an effective supply of information to citizens, users and customers in times of crisis. This paper aims to analyse some of the different methods and scenario which can be applied to AI and big data, as well as the opportunities provided by the application in various sensitive operations and disaster management.
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Welp, Ewald G., Patrick Labenda, Marc Neumann i Sebastian Jansen. "Provision of Basis for a New Snake-Like Reconnaissance Robot for Disaster Situations". W ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49151.
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It frequently comes to building collapses all over the world. Often people are buried alive. They must be rescued and saved by rescue teams. It depends on the time that passes during a rescue whether a person can still be rescued alive. Especially the information which is available about the exact position of a person buried alive is decisive for a fast accomplishment of rescue actions. Accordingly the exact localization of victims buried alive is of primary importance. It is the only way, a fast rescue and salvation can be started. However, biological and technical locating equipment available today shows numerous weak points. This refers particularly to the precision of position determination of the victims. But the essential disadvantage of the utilizable technologies is that a collapsed building cannot be entered actively. There is no equipment available that enables a deep penetration into ruins for inspection and exploration tasks, without the necessity of using heavy machines. In a research project currently funded in Germany these difficulties shall be encountered by a part autonomous, energy self-sufficient and remotely controlled reconnaissance robot. It will become a motion system, which orientates its design and behavior at the biological archetype snake. The paper at hand introduces the state-of-the-art of technology and research in the fields of locating, reconnaissance robots as well as snake robots. Originating from a multifunctional locomotion system that has been already implemented successfully, elements for a robot system to be newly developed are introduced and discussed.
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Andreassi, Fabio, i Ottavia Aristone. "Geografia e storia nei territori sensibili: rischio, emergenza e memoria: prove di dialogo". W International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7934.
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Si vuole esplorare il significato nella pratica di alcune parole chiave quali cambiamento,
collasso, emergenza, memoria, rischio e la loro eventuale capacità di esplicitare i nessi tra
geografia e storia nei territori sensibili.
Per i sapere non esperti, la nozione di rischio diventa cangiante: declinata al passato in forma di
mitografia o respinta e scomoda declinazione del futuro, al presente tende a perdere un
significato proprio per scivolare nel campo semantico dell'emergenza. Questa coniugazione
produce azioni, nell'unità di spazio-temporale del disastro, che appartengono all'emergenza:
depotenziata di un passato irripetibile e di un futuro incerto, si configura quale potente veicolo
del potere, avendo liberato le decisioni dalle procedure necessarie per la verifica della
opportunità tecnica e del consenso consapevole. Nei "casi di emergenza" si riduce la relazione
decisionale con gli abitanti coinvolti; il coordinamento e la gestione assumono forme autoritative
e astratte, inconsapevoli della soglia di sopportabilità del rischio da parte delle popolazioni.
L'efficienza dell'intervento di prima istanza non corrisponde alla efficacia nella media durata
laddove l'azione pubblica non orienta le possibili scelte e non ne supporta i processi attuativi e
adattivi. Our intention is to explore the practical meaning of certain key-words such as change, collapse,
emergency, memory and risk, and how they may explain the links between the geography and
history of sensitive areas.
For non-experts, the notion of risk is many-faceted: when declined in a past sense as a myth, or
a rejected, inconvenient declination of the future, in the present, it loses its intrinsic meaning
and comes to refer to an emergency.
This conjugation produces actions, within the space and time of the disaster, which are proper
to the emergency: its unrepeatable past weakened and with an uncertain future, it emerges as a
forceful vehicle of power, which takes all the decisions and enforces the procedures necessary
for assessing technical necessities and conscious consensus. In "cases of emergency", the inhabitants involved are deprived of their part in decision-making, while the management of the
emergency takes on an abstract and authoritarian form and seems unable to sense the
threshold of tolerance of risk of the population. The immediate intervention is seen to be
effective, but not in the mid-term, where public action does not take into account the possible
alternatives or sustain the local people in their attempt to adapt.
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Munoz-Vera, Gonzalo. "By Right or Might: notes on the MPL-Collective’s self-managed social housing projects". W 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.90.
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This essay discusses the MPL’s experience (People on Fight Movement), a Chilean collective on its built and self-managed housing projects to date. Its perseverant hard work is slowly showing results in a country that neglects the urgency of accessing decent housing and resists constant natural disasters proper from the region. Relevant to what this collective has achieved is the history of Chilean housing policy, particularly during the second half of the twentieth century and right before Chile’s dictatorship era, which this paper also refers to. Besides, this paper comments on the strenuous task of carrying out and materializing housing projects created along with future dwellers on the territory they have always lived in. In front of current neoliberal social housing policies, the MPLcollective has struggled to concretize its members’ housing demands and bring back former lines of action on this matter. From the perspective of someone who joined the MPL, the role and involvement of architects in providing support and guidance to these collectives in order to channel their demands appropriately and successfully remains fundamental. In this way, this paper aims to invite other architects to contribute to community organizations seeking better housing conditions.
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Iio, Yoshiyuki, i Yoshiyuki Iio. ""CLIMATE CHANGE" TO CHANGE THE WORLD, "HUMAN REVOLUTION" TO CHANGE THE FUTURE: THE IMPORTANCE OF GLOBAL CITIZENS BASED ON "HUMAN REVOLUTION"". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93961088f2.79768197.
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On March 11, 2011 the largest earthquake to hit Japan occurred. This magnitude 9.0 earthquake triggered a huge tsunami and killed 2,563 people. It led to the nuclear disaster at nuclear power plant in Fukushima. It was classified as a level 7 event - the same as Chernobyl. In our area we also have nuclear power plants and we are expected to have an earthquake which is estimated to be much larger than the one encountered on March of 2011. Through funding of 30 billion Yen we are building a 13m high seawall stretching 17.5km from the Tenryu estuary to Lake Hamana which is an enclosed coastal sea. In cooperation with our citizens we are planting trees on its slopes to help protect the natural landscape and to keep to a minimum any damage from the next tsunami. Risk management at a global scale due to Climate Change is very important concern involving our children's future and happiness. Global-warming prevention education is crucial for the survival of mankind. This is because there is a possibility of falling into a huge crisis that we cannot get out of. I would like to introduce my practical environmental education for the past 25 years at a technical high school and also introduce the ideas of two great Japanese educators, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi and Daisaku Ikeda. Furthermore, I would like to refer to the importance of global citizens through education for global warming prevention which is based on the way of thinking of Dr. Ikeda which is called "Human Revolution".
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Iio, Yoshiyuki, i Yoshiyuki Iio. ""CLIMATE CHANGE" TO CHANGE THE WORLD, "HUMAN REVOLUTION" TO CHANGE THE FUTURE: THE IMPORTANCE OF GLOBAL CITIZENS BASED ON "HUMAN REVOLUTION"". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316b0d52b.
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On March 11, 2011 the largest earthquake to hit Japan occurred. This magnitude 9.0 earthquake triggered a huge tsunami and killed 2,563 people. It led to the nuclear disaster at nuclear power plant in Fukushima. It was classified as a level 7 event - the same as Chernobyl. In our area we also have nuclear power plants and we are expected to have an earthquake which is estimated to be much larger than the one encountered on March of 2011. Through funding of 30 billion Yen we are building a 13m high seawall stretching 17.5km from the Tenryu estuary to Lake Hamana which is an enclosed coastal sea. In cooperation with our citizens we are planting trees on its slopes to help protect the natural landscape and to keep to a minimum any damage from the next tsunami. Risk management at a global scale due to Climate Change is very important concern involving our children's future and happiness. Global-warming prevention education is crucial for the survival of mankind. This is because there is a possibility of falling into a huge crisis that we cannot get out of. I would like to introduce my practical environmental education for the past 25 years at a technical high school and also introduce the ideas of two great Japanese educators, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi and Daisaku Ikeda. Furthermore, I would like to refer to the importance of global citizens through education for global warming prevention which is based on the way of thinking of Dr. Ikeda which is called "Human Revolution".
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Nakagawa, Koichi, i Genjiro Kosaka. "A New Flow of Money Toward Social Issues: From an Analysis of Japanese Social Crowdfunding Platform". W International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/101-126.
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INTRODUCTION As a supplementary mechanism that goes beyond the limits of conventional financial systems, crowdfunding platforms, such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo, have become important funding sources. Crowdfunding enables the generation of funds for business ventures that find traditional profit-based means difficult (Bruton et al., 2015; Davis et al., 2017; Moss et al., 2015). Typical examples are social businesses that address public issues. In crowdfunding, even traditionally hard-to-fund projects such as environmental protection, heritage preservation, welfare for the disabled, and disaster recovery, can be funded by people who agree with their activities. On crowdfunding platforms, money is moved according to a logic that differs from conventional financial systems. Previous studies have revealed the differences between conventional investment and crowdfunding (Allison et 4/, 2015; Belleflamme ez al., 2014; Cholakova & Clarysse, 2015; Mollick, 2014). A notable feature of crowdfunding platforms is that projects with prosocial orientations are likely to be supported (Allison ez af., 2013; Gorbatai & Nelson, 2015; Pietraszkiewicz et al., 2017). The prosocial orientation of a business refers to its attempt to solve issues related to social welfare through commercial activities (Yunus, 2009). The prosocial orientation of projects in crowdfunding is preferred because the investment motive in crowdfunding is based on altruism, whereas the conventional investment motive is based on self-interest (Allison et al, 2015; Belleflamme ez af., 2014; Cholakova & Clarysse, 2015). In line with this thought, previous studies have pointed out that linguistic expressions of prosocial orientation in campaigns have a significant impact on the success of funding. For example, words indicating virtuous orientation (Moss et al., 2015), altruism (Pictraszkiewicz et al., 2017), and political rhetoric such as accomplishment rhetoric and blame rhetoric (Allison et 4l., 2013), have been reported to foster the success of fundraising.
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Tripathi, Mridani, Supriya Yadav, Smriti Ojha i Pratik Kumar Vishwakarma. "Advancements in Wastewater Treatment: Sustainable Solutions and Technological Innovation". W International Conference on Frontiers in Desalination, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences for Sustainable Development & Annual Congress of InDA. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.161.18.
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Water contamination is a serious problem that endangers both aquatic and terrestrial life. Ecosystem balance is upset, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels are off, and eutrophication results, all of which have disastrous effects on the environment. Effective wastewater management and treatment are essential to resolving this issue to save lives and safeguard water resources. The term "water management" refers to a group of procedures used to collect, treat, and reuse wastewater. Phase separation, sedimentation, filtration, and oxidation are common traditional wastewater treatment techniques. Recent technological developments have, however, produced creative answers that boost productivity and support sustainability. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one such innovation. MFCs capture the energy contained in wastewater sludge and use biological processes to produce electricity. Along with treating the wastewater, this also offers a sustainable energy source. The automated variable filtration (AVF) system, which uses cutting-edge filtering methods to remove pollutants and impurities from wastewater, is another innovation. It enables effective and automatic management of the filtration procedure, leading to better water quality. Another useful tool for wastewater treatment is nanotechnology. It is possible to more efficiently remove contaminants from water by using nanomaterials with special features. These substances, such as nano filters and nanocomposites, have better catalytic and adsorption properties, increasing the effectiveness of treatment. Another prominent approach is thermal hydrolysis, which uses heat and pressure to degrade organic materials in wastewater. By facilitating the conversion of organic waste into biogas and utilizing batch and EXELYIS technologies, this procedure lessens the negative environmental effects of wastewater treatment. These cutting-edge technologies offer long-term approaches to wastewater treatment, promoting the growth of eco-friendly lifestyles and minimizing water waste. We can efficiently manage and treat wastewater by putting these cutting-edge techniques in place, protecting water resources, and reducing the possibility of environmental disasters brought on by water pollution.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Disaster refeif"
1
Hahn, Herwig, Christina Bollin, Krishna S. Vatsa i Camilo Cárdenas. Disaster Risk Management by Communities and Local Governments. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008775.
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This study refers to disaster risk management at the local level. The topic was selected by the members of the Natural Disasters Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue, and was presented during its 3rd Meeting, on March 6 and 7, 2003. The goal of this document is to achieve a better knowledge of the best practices and benefits that disaster risk management represents for Latin America and the Caribbean. Included are comparative case studies of the Philippines, Colombia, Guatemala and Switzerland. Also discussed are strengths and weaknesses of local organizations in decentralized systems and financial services for disaster risk management.
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Lenhardt, Amanda. The Role of Local Actors in the Delivery of Services to Vulnerable Groups in Protracted Crises. Institute of Development Studies, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.127.
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As the needs of people affected by conflict, natural disasters and other crises grow year-on-year and become increasingly complex, the need for adapted service delivery has become ever more pressing. There is widespread recognition that top-down, externally driven support to service delivery is ineffective in reaching vulnerable populations in need of humanitarian support. Increasing strategic engagement by and with local actors is now an accepted norm for effective international humanitarian action (Metcalfe-Hough et al., 2021). International commitments have been made to improve the provision of services in protracted crises. A body of literature indicates that engaging local actors in service delivery is one of the main ways to achieve improved service delivery. Despite the general acceptance of this principle, progress in achieving more localised responses to protracted crises has been slow. Evidence on how services can most effectively reach those in need is limited.This report reviews available guidance and evidence on the role of local actors in delivering services to those in need of humanitarian support in protracted crises. The report begins with a brief overview of the evolving discourse on the need for better strategies to incorporate local actors in the delivery of services. The following sections review the available evidence on the different ways local actors have been involved in the delivery of basic services in protracted crises. Section 3 examines local actors’ role in identifying the needs of affected communities. Section 4 examines the role of local actors in the effective coordination of service delivery. Section 5 discusses their role in transparency and accountability, and section 6 considers how local actors’ engagement can contribute to the mitigation of further conflict. Much of the literature in this area takes the form of guidance documents produced by international organisations working in humanitarian action. Some of this guidance refers to case study evidence. Still, most appear to refer to stakeholders’ experiences and conceptual approaches to how service delivery happens in protracted crises. There are a range of instruments that have been deployed to improve service delivery in protracted crises – some of which are referred to in this report – which could be formally evaluated to contribute to the evidence base on how such programmes effectively address the needs of vulnerable groups in need for humanitarian support.