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Ozaki, H., S. Taniguchi, R. Takanami, N. Shimomukai, T. Hamasaki, M. Sugahara i R. R. Giri. "Quantification of dioxin in the sieved fraction of river sediment". Water Science and Technology 52, nr 9 (1.11.2005): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0325.
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Dioxin pollution of aquatic sediments has been one of the important environmental problems in Japan. Grain size distribution and organic constituents may play important roles in dioxins contents in sediments, which have not been well investigated. This paper aims to quantify dioxins (PCDDs/Fs and co-PCBs) in sieved surface sediment fractions obtained from Kizu and Sumiyoshi Rivers in Osaka, Japan. The samples were prepared and analyzed following the ‘Manual of the Survey and Measurement of Dioxins in Sediment’ (Environment Agency of Japan, 2000). The results showed that TEQ concentrations of dioxins increased with decreasing grain size in sediment fractions. Sediment fractions with less than 20μm grain size showed the highest dioxin contents. Dioxins with five and six chlorine atoms dominated other congeners in less than 20μm fractions. The dioxin TEQ concentrations increased with total organic carbon (TOC), total carbon (TC), ignition loss (IL), total sulphur and nitrogen contents in the sediment fractions. Thus, reporting dioxin contents in sediments without considering grain size distribution may be erroneous, and conventional sedimentation and separation techniques might not be useful for treating contaminated sediments. This information can be useful for effective remediation of dioxin-contaminated sediments.
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Aoudeh, E., E. Oz, M. R. Khan i F. Oz. "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in meat and meat products". Theory and practice of meat processing 7, nr 1 (12.04.2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2414-438x-2022-7-1-4-15.
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Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds are persistent organic pollutants that received considerable attention in recent years due to their high potential toxicity, wide distribution and extreme stability. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) mainly occur in the environment as a result of several human activities including combustion, incineration and many other industrial activities, whereas polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners were intentionally manufactured and widely used in various fields. Since dioxin and dioxin-like compounds are found in various environmental compartments (air, water, soil, sludge, sediment, food, feed, blood, animal and human tissues), humans could be exposed to them via inhalation, dermal contact or food ingestion. However, 90% of human exposure to dioxin is through food ingestion particularly foods from animals and foods that are rich in fat. In contrast, only low levels have been found in food items of plant origin. Exposure to dioxin compounds is associated with various adverse health problems. However, their toxicity varies dramatically according to the type of dioxin, species of exposed organism, as well as exposure frequency and duration. Dioxins are mainly determined by instrumental chromatographic methods such as GC-HRMS and GC–MS/MS. Many efforts have been made to remove, reduce and prevent these hazardous substances from the environment. However, the best method for reducing human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds is controlling and minimizing their production. In this article, structures, sources, exposure, toxicity and analysis methods of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in meat and other foods were reviewed.
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Wurrey, Charles J., Billy J. Fairless i Harry E. Kimball. "Gas Chromatographic/Matrix Isolation/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of the Laterally Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans". Applied Spectroscopy 43, nr 8 (listopad 1989): 1317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894204263.
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Reference-quality gas chromatographic/matrix isolation/Fourier transform infrared spectra have been recorded for the following fifteen compounds, which collectively are referred to as the “laterally” chlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD); 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD);l,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin(1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD)>; 1,2,3,6,7,8,-hexachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin(1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD); 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD); 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD); 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF); 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF); 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF); 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran(1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF); 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran (1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF); 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF); 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF); 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofnran (1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF); and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran (1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF). These spectra are discussed qualitatively and, for the laterally chlorinated dioxins, are compared to previously recorded gas-phase GC/FT-IR spectra. Estimates of the instrumental detection limits for these compounds, using matrix isolation GC/FT-IR spectroscopy, were found to fall in the mid-to-high picogram and low nanogram ranges.
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Efrizal, Wiwin. "Berdampakkah Cemaran Dioksin Bagi Keadaan Gizi Dan Kesehatan?" Jurnal Ilmu Gizi : Journal of Nutrition Science 12, nr 1 (21.06.2023): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33992/jig.v12i1.1328.
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Dioxins and related compounds can contaminate food and have an impact on human nutrition and health. The impact of dioxin contamination on nutrition and health is not widely known by consumers, because the effect lasts a long time after dioxin accumulates in fat tissue. Dioxins in the body can cause free radicals that can trigger oxidative stress, so that damage to several important cellular components can occur. Consumption of foods that contain antioxidants is an effort to minimize the negative effects caused by dioxin contamination in humans.
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Posthumus, D. L., i G. B. Woollatt. "Sampling and analyses of polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) emissions in South Africa: A practitioner’s guide". Clean Air Journal 24, nr 2 (3.12.2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/2014/24/2.7063.
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Dioxins and furans are toxic chemicals. A draft report released for public comment in September 1994 by the US Environmental Protection Agency clearly describes dioxin as a serious public health threat. The public health impact of dioxins may rival the impact that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) had on public health in the 1960’s. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) report, not only does there appear to be no “safe” level of exposure to dioxin, but levels of dioxin and dioxin-like chemicals have been found in the general US population that are “at or near levels associated with adverse health effects.” With this in mind the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current dioxin and furan emissions from industry in South Africa, in terms of compliance with the relevant emission limit values (ELVs) and the current challenges faced with the monitoring and analysis thereof.
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Mohammadi, Shabnam, Narjes Jalilvand, Fatemeh Esfandiari i Seyed Saleh Attari. "Effects of Dioxin on DNA Damage in the Testes of Adult Male Mice". Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 9, nr 1 (7.03.2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.562.
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Background: Given the importance of environmental factors and the impact of environmental pollutants, such as dioxins, on organ systems, especially the reproductive system, it is necessary to study these issues and the mechanisms of their effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of dioxins on DNA damage in the testes of adult male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) rats were randomly divided into four groups: The control group received normal saline, and the dioxin groups were treated with different doses (0.1, 0.5, and 1 µg/kg) for two weeks. Apoptosis in the testes was then examined using a TUNEL assay kit. Results: The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatogonia cells was 5.91±5.28 in the dioxin group 1, 7.20±10.03 in the dioxin group 2, and 8.73±4.63 in the dioxin group 3, which was higher than that in the control group (0.16±0.40; P=0.073, P=0.034, and P=0.007, respectively). The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatocyte cells was 5.16±1.99 in the dioxin group 1, 2.50±4.62 in the dioxin group 2, and 3.33±2.94 in the dioxin group 3, which was higher than that in the control group (P=0.034, P=0.14, and P=0.037, respectively). The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatocyte cells in the dioxin group 1 was significantly higher than that in the dioxin group 2 (2.50±4.62, P=0.047). The average number of TUNEL-positive spermatid cells was 11.58±6.90 in the dioxin group 1, 11.10±12.19 in the dioxin group 2, and 10.20±7.32 in the 3-dioxin group, which was higher than that in the control group (0.16±0.40; P=0.008, P=0.014, and P=0.015, respectively). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that dioxin caused dose-dependent apoptosis in the testes.
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Dobrzyński, Maciej, Jan P. Madej, Anna Leśków, Małgorzata Tarnowska, Jacek Majda, Monika Szopa, Andrzej Gamian i Piotr Kuropka. "The Improvement of the Adaptation Process of Tocopherol and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Offspring of Mothers Exposed to TCDD". Animals 11, nr 12 (1.12.2021): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123430.
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Dioxins are chemical compounds that may cause an inflammatory reaction. During dioxin-induced inflammation, generated reactive oxygen species lead to morphological changes in various tissues and in biochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the changes in the livers of rats whose mothers were exposed to dioxins and the protective role of α-tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid in liver inflammation. The study material consisted of Buffalo rats who were the offspring of females treated with dioxin, dioxin + α-tocopherol, or dioxin + acetylsalicylic acid. Livers and blood samples were taken from the rats’ offspring, and then histopathological and biochemical analyses were performed. The histopathological analysis showed that the changes observed in the livers of neonates were the result of the dioxins derived from their mother. The biochemical analysis showed that the morphological changes in the liver affected its function, which manifested in a higher total protein concentration in the dioxin-treated group, and that the creatinine level in this group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. This effect was reduced by the protective role of α-tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid. Based on these results, we came to the conclusion that dioxins significantly affect the structure of the liver, which negatively affects its function, mainly in the scope of the metabolism of plasma proteins and hepatic enzymes.
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Çalışlar, Süleyman, i Mesut Karaman. "Dioksinlerin Hayvan Beslemedeki Genel Etkileri". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, nr 6 (14.07.2017): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i6.687-694.1176.
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Dioxins is one of the chemicals groups that cause liver toxicity, live weight reduction, immune suppression, reproductive impairments, eggshell thinning, birth defects, cancers and death in animals. The 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most poisonous environmental chemical and many studies were showed high dosage of TCDD affects all animal group. Also TCDD increase cancer risk in human so this chemical described as carcinogenic by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Dioxins are stored in animal foods such as meat, milk, eggs and fish, because they are soluble in oil and remain in these products for many years. Dioxins can dissolve in fat and high stability therefore it can be infected to meat, milk, egg, and fish and store there for long time as a result people could be contained with dioxin during daily life. Animal feed additives such as organic acids, pH modifiers, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, fat, fruit and by-products of plant, kaolinite, rendering products, pelleting aids cause dioxin contamination. The maximum dioxin content in plant-origin feedstuffs and their by-products is 0.75 ng toxic equivalent/kg body weight. In this rewiew, the effects of dioxins on livestock feeding was examined.
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Thanh Ngan, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Thi Kim Lien, Nguyen Thu Hien, Nguyen Ngoc Lan, Nguyen Van Tung, Le Thi Kim Dung, Nguyen Thi Hien, Nguyen Dang Ton, Nguyen Huy Hoang i Nong Van Hai. "IDENTIFICATION OF Q2933P MUTATION IN FAT1 GENE IN A PATIENT WITH INTECLLECTUAL DISABILITY FROM DIOXIN VICTIM’S VIETNAM FAMILY". Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, nr 2 (17.12.2018): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/2/13434.
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Dioxins are a group of chemicals known as highly toxic environmental persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Numerous dioxin-like compounds have been identified, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated/polybrominated biphenyls (PCBs/PBBs), and 1,4-dioxin. The singular term dioxin refers to the most toxic compound, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Dioxin pollution caused by chemical warfare has been causing serious consequences to the ecological environment and especially to the health of Vietnamese people. In particular, dioxin was demonstrated to be the cause of many diseases, including diseases related to the nervous system of which intellectual disability is one of the 17 diseases have been recognized by Vietnam. Deformities, birth defects, intellectual disability have been detected in F1 and F2 generations of the exposed victims. Dioxin may cause changes in the whole genome / genome expression (exome), or the structure and function of the gene that leads to pathogenesis in the exposed people and the genetic changes can be passed on to the next generations. In the present study, the Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) method was used to analyze and identify genetic variants related to the intellectual disability in a dioxin exposed victim’s family in Vietnam. The screening results revealed that a Gln2933Pro heterozygous mutant in the FAT1 (Fat atypical cadherin 1) gene of the patient was inherited from the patient’s father whose high blood concentration of dioxin, as well as illustrated the changes in the protein structure. In addition to the important scientific implications, this result might be essential for providing counseling for families who are the dioxin victims.
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Nugroho, Nuki Bambang. "AKTIVITAS LIGNINOLISIS DARI BASIDIOMYCETES YANG DAPAT DIPAKAI UNTUK BIODEGRADASI DIOKSIN". Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 2, nr 1 (17.11.2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v2i1.529.
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Chemical compounds belonging to dioxin group are known to be highly toxic environmental pollutant. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran are produced during organic materials burning process. Pentachlorophenol, a compound similar to dioxin, is widely used as wood preservative, fungicide, bacteriocide, herbicide, algicide and insecticide. Some white-rot fungi have potential to produce lignin degrading enzyme and degrade dioxin compounds. The diversity of white-rot fungi in Indonesia provides potential source for environmental pollutant-degrading microorganisms. In this study, basidiomycetes were isolated from fruiting body and rotted wood samples which were collected from seven provinces in Indonesia. Three hundred seventy basidiomycete isolates were screened for dioxin degrading activity using dye-decolorization method. The result indicated that sixty isolates had dioxin degrading activity, three of which showed significant activity.Keywords: Ligninolytic, basidiomycetes, biodegradation, dioxin, fungus ABSTRAKSenyawa-senyawa kimia dalam kelompok dioksin telah diketahui sebagai polutan lingkungan yang sangat beracun. Dibenzo-p-dioksin terpoliklorinasi dan dibenzofuran terpoliklorinasi dihasilkan selama proses pembakaran bahan-bahan organik. Pentaklorofenol, suatu senyawa mirip dioksin, banyak digunakan sebagai pengawet kayu, fungisida, bakterisida, herbisida, algisida dan insektisida. Beberapa jamur pelapuk putih memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan enzim pengurai lignin dan mendegradasi senyawa-senyawa dioksin. Keanekaragaman jamur pelapuk putih di Indonesia yang tinggi merupakan sumber potensial mikroorganisme pengurai polutan lingkungan. Pada kajian ini, basidiomisetes diisolasi dari sampel-sampel tubuh buah dan kayu lapuk yang diambil dari tujuh provinsi di Indonesia. Tiga ratus tujuh puluh isolat basidiomisetes telah diseleksi aktivitasnya sebagai pendegradasi dioksin. Metode dye-decolorization digunakan pada seleksi ini. Hasil seleksi menunjukkan bahwa enam puluh isolat basidiomisetes memiliki aktivitas sebagai pendegradasi dioksin, tiga isolat di antaranya menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi.Kata kunci: Ligninolisis, basidiomisetes, biodegradasi, dioksin, jamur
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Gorman, J., K. Mival, J. Wright i M. Howell. "Developing risk-based screening guidelines for dioxin management at a Melbourne sewage treatment plant". Water Science and Technology 47, nr 10 (1.05.2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0523.
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Dioxin is a generic term used to refer to the congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The principal source of dioxin production is generally thought to be from unintended by-products of waste incineration, but dioxins are also naturally formed from volcanic activity and forest fires (WHO, 1998). Estimates of dioxin emissions in Australia suggest that approximately 75% of the total PCDD and PCDF emissions derive from prescribed burning and wild bushfires. Currently, no screening guidelines for dioxins within soils are available in Australia. This paper presents the general approach and results of a human health risk-based assessment performed by URS Australia in 2001 to develop site specific reference criteria for remediation of a former sewage treatment plant in Melbourne. Risk-based soil remediation concentrations for dioxins at the sewage treatment plant site were developed using tolerable daily intake values of 4, 2 and 1 pg/kg/day. The potentially significant exposure pathways and processes for exposure to dioxins were identified and risk-based soil concentrations derived in accordance with the general method framework presented in the National Environmental Protection Measure (Assessment of Site Contamination). The derived dioxin reference criteria were used to develop an effective risk management program focussed on those conditions that present the greatest contribution to overall risk to human health.
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Mitoma, Yoshiharu, Maki Takase, Yoshiko Yoshino, Taizo Masuda, Hideki Tashiro, Naoyoshi Egashira i Takashi Oki. "Novel Mild Hydrodechlorination of PCDDs, PCDFs, and co-PCBs inside Fly Ash Using a Calcium-Promoted Rhodium Carbon Catalyst in Methanol". Environmental Chemistry 3, nr 3 (2006): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06002.
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Environmental Context. The generic term ‘dioxins’, the family of which includes polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), is used to describe highly toxic and mutagenic compounds. Many methods that involve high-temperature or high-pressure dry hydrogen conditions to ensure adequate decomposition for persistent chlorinated aromatic pollutants present disadvantages for repeated synthesis or recovery of vaporized dioxins and co-PCBs. We discovered that highly efficient degradation of dioxins in fly ash is accomplished in 24 h using metallic calcium and Rh/C in alcohol in a sealed tube at 25°C at 0.15 MPa. Abstract. Effective hydrodechlorination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in fly ash was achieved in 24 h using a simple stirring operation in a sealed tube with metallic calcium and Rh/C catalyst in an alcohol solution at room temperature with 0.15 MPa of increasing internal pressure. The initial 7806 pg dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) (g of ash)–1 of dioxins in fly ash, which had adsorbed inside the solid phase, was finally degraded to 23.6 pg of TEQ (g of ash)–1, according to estimation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis.
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Kang, Dongrui, Yao Bian, Qiqi Shi, Jianqiao Wang, Peng Yuan i Boxiong Shen. "A Review of Synergistic Catalytic Removal of Nitrogen Oxides and Chlorobenzene from Waste Incinerators". Catalysts 12, nr 11 (3.11.2022): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111360.
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Emission of harmful gases, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and dioxins pose a serious threat to the human environment; so, it is urgent to control NOx and dioxin emissions. The new regulations for municipal solid waste incineration emissions set new stringent requirements for NOx and dioxin emission standards. Most of the existing pollutant control technologies focus on single-unit NOx reduction or dioxin degradation. However, the installation of separate NOx and dioxins removal units is space-consuming and costs a lot. Nowadays, the simultaneous elimination of NOx and dioxins in the same facility has been regarded as a promising technology. Due to the extremely high toxicity of dioxins, the less toxic chlorobenzene, which has the basic structure of dioxins, has been commonly used as a model molecule for dioxins in the laboratory. In this review, the catalysts used for nitrogen oxides/chlorobenzene (NOx/CB) co-removal were classified into two types: firstly, non-loaded and loaded transition metal catalysts, and their catalytic properties were summarized and outlined. Then, the interaction of the NH3-SCR reaction and chlorobenzene catalytic oxidation (CBCO) on the catalyst surface was discussed in detail. Finally, the causes of catalyst deactivation were analyzed and summarized. Hopefully, this review may provide a reference for the design and commercial application of NOx/CB synergistic removal catalysts.
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Gao, Xingbao, Bingjing Ji, Dahai Yan, Qifei Huang i Xuemei Zhu. "A full-scale study on thermal degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash and its secondary air pollution control in China". Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, nr 4 (30.11.2016): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16677078.
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Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash is beneficial to its risk control. Fly ash was treated in a full-scale thermal degradation system (capacity 1 t d−1) to remove polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Apart from the confirmation of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran decomposition efficiency, we focused on two major issues that are the major obstacles for commercialising this decomposition technology in China, desorption and regeneration of dioxins and control of secondary air pollution. The toxic equivalent quantity values of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans decreased to <6 ng kg−1 and the detoxification rate was ⩾97% after treatment for 1 h at 400 °C under oxygen-deficient conditions. About 8.49% of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of the original fly ash were desorbed or regenerated. The extreme high polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran levels and dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congener profiles in the dust of the flue gas showed that desorption was the main reason, rather than de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust pipe. Degradation furnace flue gas was introduced to the municipal solid waste incinerator economiser, and then co-processed in the air pollution control system. The degradation furnace released relatively large amounts of cadmium, lead and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans compared with the municipal solid waste incinerator, but the amounts emitted to the atmosphere did not exceed the Chinese national emission limits. Thermal degradation can therefore be used as a polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran abatement method for municipal solid waste incinerator source in China.
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Reimann, Dieter O. "Dioxin Emissions: Techniques for Maintaining the Limit of 0.1 ng Te m-3 (as of 1990/91)". Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 10, nr 1 (styczeń 1992): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9201000105.
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Processes which will achieve up to 100-fold reduction of exhaust gas emissions of dioxin as proposed for the new German Standards are reviewed. A combination of processes which remove fly ash, NOx, SOx, HCl and other pollutants will also remove dioxins. Reduction of chlorinated compounds fed to the incinerator is not likely to make any significant difference. Good turbulence with elimination of cold spots in the firebox will ensure initial thermal destruction. Dioxins are synthesized on fly ash particles at temperatures between 200 and 400° C. Rapid temperature reduction across this range by water injection will greatly reduce dioxin levels. Catalytic inhibitors can also be used. Since dioxin is adsorbed on fly ash, efficient scrubbing is essential for high removal efficiency. Sorption on active carbon beds is also being evaluated.
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Marinković, Natalija, Daria Pašalić, Goran Ferenčak, Branka Gršković i Ana Rukavina. "Dioxins and Human Toxicity". Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 61, nr 4 (1.12.2010): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2024.
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Dioxins and Human ToxicityThe term dioxins usually refers to polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). As 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has the highest toxic potential, the toxic potentials of other PCDDs and PCDFs are defined in comparison with it. Human exposure to dioxins can be environmental (background), occupational, or accidental pollution. In the human body, dioxins are in part metabolised and eliminated, and the rest is stored in body fat. People vary in their capacity to eliminate TCDD, but it is also dose-dependent; the elimination rate is much faster at higher than lower levels. The liver microsomal P4501A1 enzyme oxygenates lipophilic chemicals such as dioxins. It is encoded by the CYP1A1 gene. Cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates their carcinogenic action. It binds to dioxin, translocates to nucleus and together with hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT) and xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) increases the expression of CYP1A1.Dioxins are classified as known human carcinogens, but they also cause noncancerous effects like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Long-term exposures to dioxins cause disruption of the nervous, immune, reproductive, and endocrine system. Short-term exposure to high levels impairs the liver function and causes chloracne. The most sensitive population to dioxin exposure are the foetuses and infants.A large number of health effects have been documented in the scientific literature, and they all place dioxins among the most toxic chemicals known to man.
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Roysen, A., i T. Musienko. "Photocatalytic water purification from dioxins (fragments of theory)". National Security and Strategic Planning 2020, nr 3 (30.09.2020): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2020-3-111-120.
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Contamination of all natural sources of drinking water by human activities has become a matter of extreme concern to all who understand this problem as a threat to civilization. Dioxins and dioxin-like substances have been classified as particularly dangerous pollutants in the last thirty years. The authors provide generalized information about the danger of environmental pollution with dioxins and dioxin-like toxicants. It is suggested that the total weakening of the immunity of the world's population due to the presence of dioxins in the environment, which are hormone-like superecotoxicants. The factor of mass exposure of the population to coronavirus infection (COVID 19) is not excluded, as a result of the impact of dioxins and dioxin-like substances on the human immune system. The authors consider the most promising method of drinking water purification to be the photocatalysis method implemented directly in a local source (domestic consumption, production of bottled water). The physicochemical process of photocatalytic water purification using TiO2 activated by artificial ultraviolet radiation as a catalyst is considered. It is reported about the work aimed at the practical implementation of measures for the purification of drinking water.
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Zhuang, Jie, Jeffrey G. Cox, Minwoong Chung, Joseph A. Hamm, Adam Zwickle i Brad L. Upham. "Risk, Stigma, Trustworthiness, and Citizen Participation—A Multifaceted Analysis of Media Coverage of Dioxin Contamination in Midland, Michigan". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 21 (29.10.2019): 4165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214165.
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In the United States, more than 200 communities are designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as areas of concern for dioxins. Informing the public about potential risks associated with dioxins and delivering information about how to avoid such risks are essential activities. News coverage of environmental and health problems affects how members of the public assess those problems in terms of both severity and how they are understood, as well as the extent of attention given to the problem by policy-makers. To contextualize public and institutional responses to dioxin contamination and remediation in a dioxin-affected community, we assessed 176 newspaper articles published over 30 years concerning dioxin contamination in Midland, Michigan, in terms of risk, trust in institutions, environmental stigma, and citizen participation. Articles about dioxin contamination and remediation in Midland appeared in both domestic and international newspapers. Domestically, both national and local newspapers covered this issue. The risks for human health and the environment caused by exposure to dioxins were widely covered, with much less media attention given to the trustworthiness of the organizations responsible for managing the risk, environmental stigma, and citizen participation. News coverage of these four themes also changed significantly overtime. Overall, our findings highlight the important role of local news media in communicating risk information, guiding safe behaviors, and facilitating community-level decision-making.
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Swigonska, Sylwia, Tomasz Molcan, Anna Nynca i Renata E. Ciereszko. "The involvement of CYP1A2 in biodegradation of dioxins in pigs". PLOS ONE 17, nr 5 (26.05.2022): e0267162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267162.
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2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is one of the most harmful chemicals showing resistance to biodegradation. The majority of TCDD effects is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. TCDD binding to AhR results in the activation of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1) involved in dioxin biodegradation. The goal of the study was to explore the potential role of CYP1A2 in the metabolism of TCDD. We investigated a molecular structure of CYP1A2 and the binding selectivity and affinity between the pig CYP1A2 and: 1/ DiCDD or TCDD (dioxins differing in toxicity and biodegradability) or 2/ their selected metabolites. pCYP1A2 demonstrated higher affinity towards DiCDD and TCDD than other pCYP1 enzymes. All dioxin-pCYP1A2 complexes were found to be stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. The calculated distances between the heme oxygen and the dioxin carbon nearest to the oxygen, reflecting the hydroxylating potential of CYP1A2, were higher than in other pCYP1 enzymes. The distances between the heme iron and the nearest dioxin carbon exceeded 5 Å, a distance sufficient to allow the metabolites to leave the active site. However, the molecular dynamics simulations revealed that two access channels of CYP1A2 were closed upon binding the majority of the examined dioxins. Moreover, the binding of dioxin metabolites did not promote opening of channel S–an exit for hydroxylated products. It appears that the undesired changes in the behavior of access channels prevail over the hydroxylating potential of CYP1A2 towards TCDD and the favorable distances, ultimately trapping the metabolites at the enzyme’s active site.
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Colquhoun, David R., Erica M. Hartmann i Rolf U. Halden. "Proteomic Profiling of the Dioxin-Degrading BacteriumSphingomonas wittichiiRW1". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/408690.
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Sphingomonas wittichiiRW1 is a bacterium of interest due to its ability to degrade polychlorinated dioxins, which represent priority pollutants in the USA and worldwide. Although its genome has been fully sequenced, many questions exist regarding changes in protein expression ofS. wittichiiRW1 in response to dioxin metabolism. We used difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to identify proteomic changes induced by growth on dibenzofuran, a surrogate for dioxin, as compared to acetate. Approximately 10% of the entire putative proteome of RW1 could be observed. Several components of the dioxin and dibenzofuran degradation pathway were shown to be upregulated, thereby highlighting the utility of using proteomic analyses for studying bioremediation agents. This is the first global protein analysis of a microorganism capable of utilizing the carbon backbone of both polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans as the sole source for carbon and energy.
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Chmil, V. D., O. V. Golokhova, D. Yu Vydrin i V. I. Kruk. "Relevance of the problem of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) determination in baby food products". One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 52, nr 1 (24.06.2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2020-52-1-32-39.
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The Aim of the Article. Analysis of the current state of the problem of the dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) determination in baby food products and the development of sample preparation methods for determining these xenobiotics in food products for infants and young children. Dioxins form a group of structurally and chemically related chlorinated tricyclic oxygen-containing aromatic compounds (congeners), which includes 75 polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and 135 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The most toxic congeners of dioxins, in which chlorine atoms along with other positions are necessarily in 2,3,7,8 positions of benzene rings. Their total number is 17:7 PCDD congeners and 10 PCDF congeners. A group of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) – chlorinated bicyclic aromatic compounds, which consists of 209 different congeners, 12 of which have a spatial and electronic structure and exhibit toxicological properties similar to dioxins, therefore, they are called dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs). In addition, when monitoring food products as a marker, a group of 6 PCBs was selected that did not exhibit dioxin-like toxicity and therefore did not belong to dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs). Thus, of the total number of 419 PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs, only 35 are toxicologically significant, therefore, these compounds are subject to control in baby food products. To control the content of the amount of dioxins, the amount of dioxins and DL-PCBs and the amount of NDL-PCBs in foods for infants and children from one to three years in Ukraine, the maximum levels of these compounds on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 368 of 05/13/2013 were harmonized with the maximum allowable levels in foods for infants and young children in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1259/2011. Methods for the analysis of dioxins and PCBs. Two instrumental analysis methods are used to determine dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in foods for baby food: 1) a combination of high-resolution (capillary) gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/MS); 2) a combination of GCHR with tandem mass spectroscopy (GC/MS/MS). High-resolution (capillary) gas chromatography is used to determine non-dioxin-like (marker) PCBs. The stage of sample preparation, including the stages of extraction and purification, is key in determining dioxins and PCBs. Conclusions. The stage of sample preparation using automatic devices (liquid extraction under pressure, an automated extract purification system) and chromatographic columns was developed to further determine the mass concentration of dioxins and PCBs in baby food products. The developed procedures using devices for the automatic extraction and purification of the obtained extracts from baby food samples will make it possible in the future to determine PCDDs/PCDFs, ortho-unsubstituted, mono-ortho-substituted and marker PCBs in one sample. Key Words: dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, baby food.
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Kalantzi, Stefania, Sofia Leonardi, Eleanna Vachlioti, Eleni G. Kaliatsi, Κοnstantina Papachristopoulou, Constantinos Stathopoulos, Nikolaos Vainos i Dionissios Papaioannou. "Studies towards the Synthesis of Novel 3-Aminopropoxy-Substituted Dioxins Suitable for the Development of Aptamers for Photonic Biosensor Applications". Materials 14, nr 16 (21.08.2021): 4727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164727.
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Hydroxy-substituted tetrachlorodibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin and tetrachlorodibenzo[b,d]furans have been synthesized using 3,4-dichloroanisole, 2,3,6-trichlorophenol and 4,5-dichlorocatechol as starting materials and electrophilic and/or nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions for the assembly of the dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin and dibenzo[b,d]furan systems. The thus-obtained phenolic compounds were then alkylated with N-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl (Dde)-protected 3-bromopropan-1-amine to give the corresponding N-Dde protected 3-aminopropoxy-substituted tetrachlorodibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin and tetrachlorodibenzo[b,d]furans, respectively. Hydrazinolysis-mediated Dde removal from the former compound provided the corresponding amino-substituted dioxin, which was coupled to carboxy-substituted magnetic beads affording magnetic beads coated by the amino-substituted dioxin. The latter is an attractive intermediate for the development of selective single-standard DNA (ssDNA) aptamers, which constitute molecular recognition elements in photonic biosensors with potential application to the monitoring of the dangerous environmental pollutants, dioxins having serious implications in human health.
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Roumak, V. S., N. V. Umnova i G. A. Sofronov. "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ASPECTS OF DIOXIN TOXICITY". Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 69, nr 3-4 (21.08.2015): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v69.i3-4.1000.
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Background: Using methods of molecular toxicology to study dioxin intoxication consequences the contribution was accessed of pathologic alterations induced and manifested by specific biomarkers and ecogenetic effects among Vietnamese population living on contaminated territories. The causes of variability in individual sensitivity to toxic activity were also evaluated. Materials and methods: Individual biomedical indices were compared between those living in contaminated with dioxins (n =8142) and control (n =4421) regions. Dioxin concentrations were measured by high resolution chromato-mass spectrometry (84 samples). The characteristics of cytochrome P-450 system state (94 persons) and cytogenetic parameters (368 persons, 331 450 cells) reflected the molecular and genetic effects. Variable sensitivity to dioxins was demonstrated by associations of genetic polymorphism (CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, n =195) and congenital morphogenetic variants among children (n =1734). Results: Numerous consequences were demonstrated among the exposed individuals: noticeable absobtion of dioxins from environmental objects; direct effects of P-450 system’s induction; systemic alterations in nucleus and genetic stability; changes in cellular generation’s rate. The associations were revealed of genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation / detoxification system and the peculiarities of development and morphogenesis among exposed children. Conclusion: Characteristics of population chronicle intoxication with dioxins permitted to describe its numerous preclinical and clinical manifestations, to show the key elements in pathogenesis of revealed alterations. Future investigations are to create the groundwork for developing a method for prevention of dioxin pathology induction and realization based on revealing preclinical signs and effects of intoxication.
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Dang, Phuong Nam, Van Hoang Nguyen, Kien Cuong Pham, Thi Nhung Nguyen, Lan Anh To, Duy Khanh Le, Xuan Truong Nghiem i Khanh Hoang Viet Nguyen. "Development of a Fast Immunosorbent Assay for Site-Screening Dioxin Contamination in Vietnam". Sains Malaysiana 52, nr 12 (31.12.2023): 3449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5212-08.
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Dioxins are a group of chemical compounds that cause environmental pollution and many harmful effects on human health. High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) is the standard method for determining dioxin concentrations in soil samples and provides the most accurate results. However, this method is time-consuming, costly, and requires modern equipment. Currently, competitive ELISA is a reliable method used for dioxin detection analysis, offering fast implementation time and low cost. Vietnam is a global hotspot for dioxin contamination, with a high number of dioxin samples for analysis. Therefore, it is essential to optimize this reliable, fast, and low-cost ELISA method for it to be applicable and replace the expensive and complex HRGC/HRMS method currently in use in Vietnam. This study presented optimized conditions for ELISA method using commercial antibodies to detect dioxin. The optimal dilution for the anti-dioxin antibody and the conjugated antibody is 1:2000 and 1:1000, respectively. The reconstitution buffer consists of 50% DMSO/H2O, with the addition of 0.05% Triton X-100. The incubation time for anti-dioxin antibody incubated with dioxin is 60 min, while the incubation time for Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugated polyclonal antibody incubated with 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate is 10 min. The quenching time for the enzyme-substrate reaction is 5 min. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of this method is 8500 pg/well and the limit of detection (LOD) is 2.02 pg/well. Although there is a difference between the analytical results of the two methods, the well-correlated results demonstrate the potential of the ELISA method for detecting and screening dioxin contamination before performing confirmatory analysis with HRGC/HRMS. These results serve as the basis for the development of a rapid dioxin detection kit, providing a new and efficient method for detecting and screening dioxin contamination in Vietnam.
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Manh, Ho Dung, Teruhiko Kido, Takumi Takasuga, Michiko Yamashita, Le Minh Giang i Hideaki Nakagawa. "The Relationship of Dioxin Levels in Serum of 9-Year-Old Vietnamese Children and Their Mothers’ Breast Milk". Toxics 10, nr 4 (25.03.2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040155.
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In this study, we measured the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the blood of 9-year-old children living in a dioxin hotspot area and a nonexposed area in Vietnam. Forty-five blood samples were collected in the hotspot area while twelve pooled blood samples were collected in the nonexposed area. We found that the dioxin level of children in the hotspot was significantly higher than that of children in the nonexposed area. The total TEQ of PCDD/Fs in the hotspot and the nonexposed was 10.7 and 3.3 pg TEQ/g fat, respectively. However, TCDD, the maker of Agent Orange, was not detected in the blood of children in the hotspot area. In the hotspot area, four congeners 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF in mothers’ breast milk showed a significantly positive correlation with those in children’s serum although the correlations of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF were not significant. In addition, the duration of breastfeeding also correlates with dioxins in children. These results suggested that children in the hotspot area were exposed to dioxin through mothers’ milk and other foods or environmental factors. The present study is the first study that shows dioxin levels in Vietnamese children.
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Lavrenov, A. R., T. A. Myshliavkina, N. V. Umnova, A. I. Kim i V. S. Roumak. "PECULIARITY OF MARKER GENES’ EXPRESSION IN BANK VOLES CLETHRIONOMYS GLAREOLUS CHARACTERIZING ECOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF THE TERRITORY CONTAMINATED WITH DIOXINS". Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia 78, nr 2, 2023 (12.07.2023): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-78-2-6.
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To assess the ecotoxicity of low doses of dioxins is almost impossible without considering the in uence of real exposure conditions on these substances’ properties. The best approach to take these into account is the biomonitoring of the initial toxic e ects’ manifestation. We studied bank voles from population naturally exposed to dioxins, the summer-born adults and overwintered functional groups of animals di ered by dioxin body burden. Dioxin-free samples of a vivarium bank voles’ line served as a control. Initial e ects of ecotoxicity were characterized by transcriptional levels of genetic markers: ahr, cyp1a2, keap1, dnmt1, dnmt3a, dnmt3b, LINE-1 and B1-SINE. Summer-born functional group had signi cantly higher expression levels of ahr, keap1, dnmt3a and dnmt3b genes versus their control group. Overwintered functional group had elevated expression levels of cyp1a2 and keap1, but no changes were found versus controls for dnmt1, LINE-1 and SINE B1. The increased expression of marker genes in dioxin-exposed voles was quite well associated with toxic process’ mechanisms - their formation and progression under exposure of several generations to low sub-toxic doses. The data obtained will contribute to the development of a biomonitoring method for assessing the initial e ects of dioxin ecotoxicity.
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Kaneko, Hideo, Eiko Matsui, Shinnji Shinoda, Norio Kawamoto, Yosikazu Nakamura, Ritei Uehara, Nobuo Matsuura, Masatoshi Morita, Hiroshi Tada i Naomi Kondo. "Effects of dioxins on the quantitative levels of immune components in infants". Toxicology and Industrial Health 22, nr 3 (kwiecień 2006): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233706th249oa.
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Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD)=polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF)) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are potentially hazardous compounds and have structural similarity with thyroid hormones. Animal studies have demonstrated that PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs can alter immune functions. However, in humans it is not yet elucidated whether dioxins contained in breast milk have any effects on the immune functions in infants. To investigate the effects of dioxins on the immune system, we compared the quantitative levels of immune components between a breast-fed group and bottle-fed group, in which dioxin concentration is almost zero. Ratios of immune cells, such as CD4= and CD8= T-lymphocytes, as well as B-lymphocytes (CD19= and/or CD20=) and NK cells (CD16=, CD56=) in peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin level, and level of specific IgE antibody to allergens in the venous blood at 12 months of age were assessed in a subgroup of 281 infants. The relationship of post-natal dioxin exposure via breast feeding with the ratio of immunological markers and the level of humoral antibodies up to 12 month of age was not demonstrated. In conclusion, it would appear that the content of dioxins in breast milk in the Japanese general population is not enough to induce any change in theses-examined immunological parameters during the first year of life, although long-term effects remain to be evaluated.
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Son, Jun-Ik, Seung-Jae Lee, Se-In Park, Eun-Hye Kwon, Hueon Namkung, Jun-Gu Kang i Wonseok Lee. "Emission Characteristics of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) in Commercial Bio-SRF and SRF Incineration Plants". Energies 15, nr 8 (11.04.2022): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082787.
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Incineration plants using solid refused fuel (SRF) should control their air pollution materials to minimize environmental impact. This study evaluated the emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) congener patterns in seven commercial incineration plants in Korea using SRF and biomass SRF (bio-SRF). We examined the reduction rate differences of PCDD/DFs, depending on the air pollutant control device. All seven incineration plants sufficiently managed their dioxin emissions. However, both SRF and bio-SRF incineration plants showed active chlorination reactions and resulted in a large amount of highly chlorinated dioxins. The average dioxin concentration was 0.02 ng international toxic equivalency quantity (I-TEQ)/Sm3. Ratios of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF were high in the waste heat boilers of both SRF and bio-SRF incineration plants. The octachlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) ratio was only high in the SRF incineration plants. Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and OCDF exhibited high dioxin ratios. SRF incineration plants had a low ratio of OCDF to 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF. In addition, the reduction rate of PCDD/DFs was substantially high after treatment with the air pollutant control device.
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Koopman-Esseboom, Corine, Nynke Weisglas-Kuperus, Maria A. J. de Ridder, Cornelis G. Van der Paauw, Louis G. M. Th. Tuinstra i Pieter J. J. Sauer. "Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyl/Dioxin Exposure and Feeding Type on Infants' Mental and Psychomotor Development". Pediatrics 97, nr 5 (1.05.1996): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.97.5.700.
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Objective. To evaluate the effects of in utero and lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins on the mental and psychomotor development of infants. Design. Prenatal PCB exposure was estimated from the levels in maternal plasma during the last month of pregnancy. Postnatal PCB and dioxin exposure of breastfed infants was calculated from levels in human milk samples and the duration of breastfeeding. Infants were examined at 3, 7, and 18 months of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Setting. General community. Participants. Voluntary sample of 207 mother-infant pairs. One hundred five infants were breastfed and 102 were bottle-fed. Interventions. None. Results. Higher in utero exposure to PCBs was associated with lower psychomotor scores at 3 months of age: a doubling of the PCB load resulted in a decrease of 3 points. Breastfed infants scored significantly higher on the psychomotor score at 7 months of age, compared with formula-fed infants. However, when corrected for confounders, the psychomotor score of the 66% highest-exposed breastfed infants (>756 pg total PCB-dioxin toxic equivalent) was negatively influenced by this postnatal exposure to PCBs and dioxins, and was comparable to the psychomotor score of the formula-fed infants. Breastfed infants also scored higher on the mental scale at 7 months of age in a dose-dependent way. There was no significant influence of the perinatal PCB and dioxin exposure on the mental outcome at 3 and 7 months of age. At 18 months of age neither the mental nor the psychomotor score was related to perinatal PCB or dioxin exposure, nor to the duration of breastfeeding. Conclusions. Prenatal PCB exposure has a small negative effect on the psychomotor score at 3 months of age. PCB and dioxin exposure through breastfeeding has an adverse effect on the psychomotor outcome at 7 months of age. The mental outcome at 7 months of age is positively influenced by breastfeeding per se; the perinatal exposure to PCBs and dioxins does not influence this outcome. At 18 months of age the development is affected neither by PCB and dioxin exposure nor by feeding type.
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Oshchepkova, Evgeniya, Yana Sizentsova, Daniil Wiebe, Victoria Mironova i Nikolay Kolchanov. "Meta-Analysis of Transcriptome Data Detected New Potential Players in Response to Dioxin Exposure in Humans". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 21 (23.10.2020): 7858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217858.
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Dioxins are one of the most potent anthropogenic poisons, causing systemic disorders in embryonic development and pathologies in adults. The mechanism of dioxin action requires an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but the downstream mechanisms are not yet precisely clear. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of all available transcriptome datasets taken from human cell cultures exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Differentially expressed genes from different experiments overlapped partially, but there were a number of those genes that were systematically affected by TCDD. Some of them have been linked to toxic dioxin effects, but we also identified other attractive targets. Among the genes that were affected by TCDD, there are functionally related gene groups that suggest an interplay between retinoic acid, AhR, and Wnt signaling pathways. Next, we analyzed the upstream regions of differentially expressed genes and identified potential transcription factor (TF) binding sites overrepresented in the genes responding to TCDD. Intriguingly, the dioxin-responsive element (DRE), the binding site of AhR, was not overrepresented as much as other cis-elements were. Bioinformatics analysis of the AhR binding profile unveils potential cooperation of AhR with E2F2, CTCFL, and ZBT14 TFs in the dioxin response. We discuss the potential implication of these predictions for further dioxin studies.
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Kriyt, V. E., M. V. Sannikov, Yu N. Sladkova i A. O. Pyatibrat. "Influence of xenobiotic detoxication gene polymorphisms and experience on the level of accumulation of dioxins in Emercom of Russia employees". Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, nr 2 (17.06.2020): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-2-55-68.
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Relevance. Occupational activities of firefighters are considered extreme. Toxic combustion products are the most dangerous. Among these products, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are particularly dangerous due to their ability to accumulate in the body.Intention is to analyze the content of toxic combustion products in atmospheric air during and after fires of various locations, as well as to evaluate dioxin concentrations in the blood plasma of employees of the Federal Firefighting Service of the Emercom of Russia, depending on the polymorphic variants of xenobiotic detoxification genes and professional experience.Methodology. To assess accumulation of dioxins in the body of firefighters with different polymorphic variants of xenobiotic detoxification genes, atmospheric air at different locations of fires was assessed for toxic combustion products. Accumulation of dioxins in the body of firefighters was analyzed depending on the polymorphisms of xenobiotic detoxification genes and work experience. 350 employees of the Federal Firefighting Service of the Emercom of Russia were examined, of them there were 234 firefighters and 116 supervisory staff involved in the investigations at the fire sites. The control group consisted of 82 rescue workers who were not directly involved in fire fighting. The examined individuals aged (32.2 ± 9.5) years.Results and Discussion. The data obtained indicate that high concentrations of dioxins in surface air at the fire site persist for more than 2 weeks, while the maximum permissible concentration is increased 4.5-10-fold. The highest concentration of dioxins is observed during fires in industrial enterprises and in residential buildings. According to the analysis of the dioxins in the blood of the Federal Firefighting Service employees and the control group, concentrations of individual chemical compounds among the employees of the Federal Firefighting Service were 2–7 times higher and 15 times higher in terms of the dioxin equivalent compared to the control group (p <0.05). High concentrations of dioxins were also revealed in the blood of supervisory staff. Analysis of the dioxins in the blood of the staff of the Federal Firefighting Service, EMERCOM of Russia showed that increased length of service correlated with dioxin concentrations in the blood: variations in chemical compounds reached 2.3–6.8 times (p <0.05) between those with 0–1 year vs 6 years or more experience and 1.3–1.7 times (p <0.05) between those with 2–5 years vs 6 years and more experience. Concentrations of dioxins in the blood plasma of employees of the Federal Firefighting Service of the Emercom of Russia were assessed depending on the polymorphic variants of xenobiotic detoxification genes and professional experience. A group of individuals carrying the combination of the EPHX1 Tyr / Tyr, CYP1A1 A / A, GSTT1 I / I, GSTM1 I / I, GSTP1 A / A, GSTP1 C / C genotypes was revealed: their dioxin concentrations in the blood were as low as 25% of that among other groups despite length of service.Conclusion Genotyping of firefighters will help arrange timely measures to detoxify dioxins, especially in carriers of minor alleles of xenobiotic biotransformation genes, in order to reduce morbidity and increase professional longevity.
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Qader, Abdul, Zahira Batool i Hamza Tariq. "Induction of Thyroid Hormones Disruption by Exposure of Dioxins and Phthalates: A Comprehensive Review". Journal of Medical Research 9, nr 3 (30.06.2023): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2023.9308.
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The main objective of this study is to elaborate the crucial effect of dioxins and phthalates on thyroid hormones such as tetraiodothyronine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) in body fluids. The literature evidences have been collected from Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline by using different key words. All literature evidences showed a drastic effect of dioxins and phthalates on the status of thyroid hormones. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an environmental pollutant that increases activity of malic enzyme (ME) by increasing ME gene transcription. ME interact with aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) and modulate the expression of genes with specific xenobiotic or DRE in their promoters that respond to dioxin. HCB increases activity of thyroid enzymes whose induction depends on thyroid hormone (TH) levels. Dioxin decreases T4 levels and increases TSH levels in neonatal plasma. Dioxin and HCB also causes various disorders in infants. Phthalates disrupt the thyroid hormones levels especially in pregnant women and infants through various mechanisms. Phthalates mainly decrease T4 levels and further studies are in process to describe exact mechanism.
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Sekine, Ayako. "Dioxins Problem. Achieving Zero Dioxin." Waste Management Research 8, nr 4 (1997): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.8.312.
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Ogawa, T., Y. Asai, M. Yamashita i T. Takasuga. "Detectable Dioxins in Human Saliva and Their Effects on Gingival Epithelial Cells". Journal of Dental Research 82, nr 10 (październik 2003): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308201017.
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Dioxin, a powerful hormone-disrupting chemical, exhibits serious health effects when it reaches body fat. Here we analyzed coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated-dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs) in human saliva as compared with blood specimens, and examined their effects on human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC). High levels of tri- and tetrachlorinated PCBs were found in saliva, whereas we detected predominantly hexa- and heptachlorinated PCBs in blood. Among PCDDs, the saliva and blood specimens contained mainly 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (OCDD). Among the toxic dioxins proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1998, 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 118) and OCDD, which were mainly found in saliva, significantly induced IL-8 production in HGEC. Furthermore, these two dioxins markedly augmented IL-8 production stimulated with fimbriae from Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is well-known as a pathogenic factor in periodontal diseases. These results suggest that dioxins in saliva may be a risk factor for periodontal diseases.
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SCIUTO, S., M. PREARO, R. DESIATO, C. BULFON, E. A. V. BURIOLI, G. ESPOSITO, C. GUGLIELMETTI i in. "Dioxin-like Compounds in Lake Fish Species: Evaluation by DR-CALUX Bioassay". Journal of Food Protection 81, nr 5 (13.04.2018): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-476.
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ABSTRACT Fish consumption is the principal source of intake of organochlorinated compounds in humans. Compared with other types of foods of animal origin, fish contain the highest levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, all of which are classified as highly toxic organochlorine compounds. Currently, lakes and fish farms in northern Italy are not regularly monitored for PCBs and dioxins in areas contaminated by industrial sources, partially because of the high costs of traditional analytical methods that limit the number of samples to be analyzed. The DR-CALUX cell bioassay is based on the uptake of the cellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCB contamination in Lake Maggiore and Lake Como, two lakes in northwestern Italy, and in nearby areas. The levels were quantified using the cell bioassay DR-CALUX and reference controls in two wild fish species, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus), and in a farmed species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Tissue samples collected from the farmed rainbow trout were also submitted to immunohistochemical analysis of CYP1A expression as a marker for environmental pollutant-induced liver damage. The levels of dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs were all below the maximum levels and action limits set by European Union Regulation, suggesting no risk for human health associated with the consumption of the fish species caught or farmed in these areas.
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Tuomisto, Jouko, Juha Pekkanen, Hannu Kiviranta, Erkki Tukiainen, Terttu Vartiainen, Matti Viluksela i Jouni T. Tuomisto. "Dioxin Cancer Risk — Example of Hormesis?" Dose-Response 3, nr 3 (1.05.2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.004.
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A recent case-control study implied an inverse correlation between the measured body burden of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDD/F) and the risk of soft tissue sarcoma in normal population exposed to dioxins mainly via food. The surprising result could not be explained by biases or confounding. There is no a priori confounding by occupational chemicals in a random sample from general population, but exposures to other lipid soluble chemicals with similar sources might be expected to associate with that of dioxins. One such group is polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Therefore three most relevant dioxin-like PCB compounds PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169 were now analyzed from the same patients. Cases were 110 soft-tissue sarcoma patients undergoing surgery for their disease, and referents were 227 patients operated for appendicitis. Dioxin and PCB concentrations were analyzed from subcutaneous fat samples by high-resolution gas chromatography—mass spectrometry and TCDD equivalent concentrations (WHO-TEq) were calculated by using toxicity equivalency factors of WHO. The highest risk of sarcoma was found in the septile with the lowest body burden of sum WHO-TEq, and the differences of septiles 2 and 6 from septile 1 were statistically significant. If soft sarcoma risk is true at high occupational levels of dioxins, the provocative result suggests that a possibility of a J-shaped dose-response curve should be taken into consideration and studied further. This is also supported by the similar J-shaped dose responses in animal studies.
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Fu, Tian Bao, Bai Hong Zhang, Cai Hong Guan i Shun Xiang Huang. "Multi-Sources Local Diffusion Model for Dioxins Based on Gauss Method (DM-II)". Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (luty 2013): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.509.
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Aiming at effects evaluation of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) for environment and human health, Multi-sources Local Diffusion Model for Dioxins Based on Gauss Method (DM-Ⅱ) is developed, in which the terrains and mixed layer thickness considered. The meteorological observations data during spring in 2006 at the Jinhua region in Zhejiang province were analyzed, and various probabilities obtained in different wind, different wind speed and different stability respectively. Based on this analysis results, using DM-Ⅱ, diffusion of several key sources of dioxin emissions at the Jinhua region is simulated, and the distribution of dioxin POPs is simulated during spring in 2006 in the region. The average concentration of dioxin POPs is about 0.1~1pg/m3 in near areas of emission sources.
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Bernard, A., i S. Fierens. "The Belgian PCB/Dioxin Incident: A Critical Review of Health Risks Evaluations". International Journal of Toxicology 21, nr 5 (wrzesień 2002): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810290096540.
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The Belgian PCB/dioxin incident is a food contamination that occurred in Belgium in January 1999 when a tank of recycled fats used to produce animal feeds was accidentally contaminated by approximately 100 L of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) oil containing 50 kg PCBs expressed as the sum of the seven markers, 1 g (TEQ) dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and 2 g toxic equivalent (TEQ) dioxin-like PCBs. The incident was discovered when a poultry poisoning resembling the classic chick edema disease broke out in several farms that had received contaminated feeds. The delay in making public this incident resulted in a major political and food crisis and caused much concern in the population. We review here the health risk evaluations that were made after this incident and we assess the likelihood of the different scenarios by taking into account recent data on the real scale of the contamination and on the dioxin body burden of the general population in Belgium. These new data confirm that the incident was too limited in time and in scale to have increased the PCB/dioxin body burden of the general population at large, a conclusion supported by a survey of dioxin levels in blood conducted at the end of 1999. Only farmers in poultry farms affected by the incident (about 30 farms) and having regularly consumed their own products could have increased their PCB/dioxin body burden. It is unlikely, however, that these farmers could have increased their PCB/dioxin body burden above levels prevailing in the 1980s or now found in communities regularly consuming seafood.
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Revich, Boris Aleksandrovich, O. V. Sergeev, A. A. Shelepchikov, B. A. Revich, O. V. Sergeyev i A. A. Shelepchikov. "INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIES OF ASSESSMENT OF DIOXINS IMPACTS ON CHILDRENS HEALTH". Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology) 19, nr 8 (15.08.2012): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/humeco17455.
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The town of Chapaevsk in the Samara region remained one of the most notorious hotspots of dioxin pollution in Russia for many years. The levels of dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) content in blood and breast milk of the town residents have been monitored since 2003. A longitudinal study of effects of dioxin pollution on physical and sexual development of boys has also begun in 2003. Levels of dioxins and POPs content in blood were measured annually in a cohort of 516 boys. This study documented a relationship between the POP levels in blood and the distance between the residence of the subjects and the source of the dioxin pollution. The POP content levels in blood were higher for the children who received breast milk (TEQ2005 = 24.5; 95 % CI 20.5 - 28.6) than for the children who received artificial feeding (TEQ2005 = 19.1; 16.5 - 22.1). The lower levels of dioxins and PCBs content were observed in the blood of the boys with higher BMI. The higher levels of POPs content in blood were observed among the boys whose families had vegetable gardens (TEQ2005 = 24.5; 23.6 - 27.3) compared to those whose families did not have gardens (TEQ2005 = 20.6; 18.9 - 22.4). The researchers observed correlations between the indicators of the boys physical development and the levels of dioxins and PCB content in their organisms. The levels of POPs content in the blood of the boys varied greatly from very low to very high, but the median levels were considerably higher than those observed in Europe and the USA.
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Özkök, Aslı, Gül Çelik Çakıroğulları, Kadriye Sorkun, Hatice Gür Yağlı, İbrahim Alsan, Berkay Bektaş i Devrim Kılıç. "Dioxin Analysis of Bee Pollen Pellets Collected by Apis mellifera L. in Rural Area of Turkey". Journal of Apicultural Science 62, nr 1 (1.06.2018): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2018-0011.
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Abstract Bee pollen, an important bee product, is harvested as a food supplement for humans, so it must be safe in terms of toxic components for consumption. The aim of this study is to determine the amounts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and non dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs) in the bee pollen pellets of Apis mellifera L. collected from Çankırı, located in the central Anatolia region of Turkey, between June and July 2014. Six types of pollen belonging to four families: Centaurea triumfettii L. - Asteraceae family; Brassica spp. L. - Brassicaceae family; Cistus spp. L. - Cistaceae family; Onobrychis spp. L., Hedysarum spp. L. and Trifolium spp. L. - Fabaceae family, were determined through microscopic analysis. Dioxin and PCB congeners were determined in a pooled bee pollen sample and all the results were found lower than the European Union regulatory limits for other foods. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the first studies on dioxin analysis in bee pollen worldwide.
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Whitelaw, M. L., J. A. Gustafsson i L. Poellinger. "Identification of transactivation and repression functions of the dioxin receptor and its basic helix-loop-helix/PAS partner factor Arnt: inducible versus constitutive modes of regulation". Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, nr 12 (grudzień 1994): 8343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.12.8343-8355.1994.
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Gene regulation by dioxins is mediated via the dioxin receptor, a ligand-dependent basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/PAS transcription factor. The latent dioxin receptor responds to dioxin signalling by forming an activated heterodimeric complex with a specific bHLH partner, Arnt, an essential process for target DNA recognition. We have analyzed the transactivating potential within this heterodimeric complex by dissecting it into individual subunits, replacing the dimerization and DNA-binding bHLH motifs with heterologous zinc finger DNA-binding domains. The uncoupled Arnt chimera, maintaining 84% of Arnt residues, forms a potent and constitutive transcription factor. Chimeric proteins show that the dioxin receptor also harbors a strong transactivation domain in the C terminus, although this activity was silenced by inclusion of 82 amino acids from the central ligand-binding portion of the dioxin receptor. This central repression region conferred binding of the molecular chaperone hsp90 upon otherwise constitutive chimeras in vitro, indicating that hsp90 has the ability to mediate a cis-repressive function on distant transactivation domains. Importantly, when the ligand-binding domain of the dioxin receptor remained intact, the ability of this hsp90-binding activity to confer repression became conditional rather than irreversible. Our data are consistent with a model in which crucial activities of the dioxin receptor, such as dimerization with Arnt and transactivation, are conditionally repressed by the central ligand- and-hsp90-binding region of the receptor. In contrast, the Arnt protein appears to be free from any repressive activity. Moreover, within the context of the dioxin response element (xenobiotic response element), the C terminus of Arnt conferred a potent, dominating transactivation function onto the native bHLH heterodimeric complex. Finally, the relative transactivation potencies of the individual dioxin receptor and Arnt chimeras varied with cell type and promoter architecture, indicating that the mechanisms for transcriptional activation may differ between these two subunits and that in the native complex the transactivation pathway may be dependent upon cell-specific and promoter contexts.
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Whitelaw, M. L., J. A. Gustafsson i L. Poellinger. "Identification of transactivation and repression functions of the dioxin receptor and its basic helix-loop-helix/PAS partner factor Arnt: inducible versus constitutive modes of regulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, nr 12 (grudzień 1994): 8343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.12.8343.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Gene regulation by dioxins is mediated via the dioxin receptor, a ligand-dependent basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/PAS transcription factor. The latent dioxin receptor responds to dioxin signalling by forming an activated heterodimeric complex with a specific bHLH partner, Arnt, an essential process for target DNA recognition. We have analyzed the transactivating potential within this heterodimeric complex by dissecting it into individual subunits, replacing the dimerization and DNA-binding bHLH motifs with heterologous zinc finger DNA-binding domains. The uncoupled Arnt chimera, maintaining 84% of Arnt residues, forms a potent and constitutive transcription factor. Chimeric proteins show that the dioxin receptor also harbors a strong transactivation domain in the C terminus, although this activity was silenced by inclusion of 82 amino acids from the central ligand-binding portion of the dioxin receptor. This central repression region conferred binding of the molecular chaperone hsp90 upon otherwise constitutive chimeras in vitro, indicating that hsp90 has the ability to mediate a cis-repressive function on distant transactivation domains. Importantly, when the ligand-binding domain of the dioxin receptor remained intact, the ability of this hsp90-binding activity to confer repression became conditional rather than irreversible. Our data are consistent with a model in which crucial activities of the dioxin receptor, such as dimerization with Arnt and transactivation, are conditionally repressed by the central ligand- and-hsp90-binding region of the receptor. In contrast, the Arnt protein appears to be free from any repressive activity. Moreover, within the context of the dioxin response element (xenobiotic response element), the C terminus of Arnt conferred a potent, dominating transactivation function onto the native bHLH heterodimeric complex. Finally, the relative transactivation potencies of the individual dioxin receptor and Arnt chimeras varied with cell type and promoter architecture, indicating that the mechanisms for transcriptional activation may differ between these two subunits and that in the native complex the transactivation pathway may be dependent upon cell-specific and promoter contexts.
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Wielgosiński, Grzegorz, Justyna Czerwińska, Olga Szymańska i Janusz Bujak. "Simultaneous NOx and Dioxin Removal in the SNCR Process". Sustainability 12, nr 14 (17.07.2020): 5766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145766.
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Nitrogen oxides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans are pollutants formed during thermal processes, in particular during the combustion of various fuels, including waste. They are classified as dangerous and highly toxic environmental pollutants whose emissions are strictly regulated. Many methods for reducing their emissions are known, but all involve additional production costs. For this reason, effective and cheap methods for removing these pollutants from exhaust gases are still sought. Selective non-catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides is one of the more effective and cheaper methods for reducing these emissions. However, an alternative to expensive methods for dioxin and furan removal (catalysis, adsorption, etc.) may include using dioxin synthesis inhibitors. The authors propose a method for the simultaneous removal of both pollutants from flue gases using selective non-catalytic reduction technologies with dioxin synthesis inhibitors used as reducing agents.
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Moreno-Piraján, Juan Carlos, César Augusto García-Ubaque, R. Fajardo, Liliana Giraldo i Karim Sapag. "Evaluation of the dioxin and furan formation thermodynamics in combustion processes of urban solid wastes". Ecletica Quimica 32, nr 1 (9.04.2007): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v32.1.2007.p15-18.
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Specific combustion programs (Gaseq, Chemical equilibria in perfect gases, Chris Morley)are used to model dioxin and formation in the incineration processes of urban solid wastes. Thanks tothese programs, it is possible to establish correlations with the formation mechanisms postulated in li-terature on the subject. It was found that minimum oxygen quantities are required to obtain asignificant formation of these compounds and that more furans than dioxins are formed. Likewise,dioxin and furan formation is related to the presence of carbon monoxide, and dioxin and furandistribution among its different compounds depends on the chlorine and hydrogen relativecomposition. This is due to the fact that an increased chlorine availability leads to the formation ofcompounds bearing a higher chlorine concentration (penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorides), whereasan increased hydrogen availability leads to the formation of compounds bearing a lower chlorinenumber (mono, di-, tri-, and tetrachlorides)
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Nishijo, Muneko, Tai The Pham, Ngoc Thao Pham, Hai Thai Thu Duong, Ngoc Nghi Tran, Takashi Kondoh, Yoshikazu Nishino, Hiroshi Nishimaru, Quyet Ba Do i Hisao Nishijo. "Nutritional Intervention with Dried Bonito Broth for the Amelioration of Aggressive Behaviors in Children with Prenatal Exposure to Dioxins in Vietnam: A Pilot Study". Nutrients 13, nr 5 (25.04.2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051455.
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Dioxins have been suggested to induce inflammation in the intestine and brain and to induce neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), partly due to deficits in parvalbumin-positive neurons in the brain that are sensitive to inflammatory stress. Previously, we reported ADHD traits with increased aggressiveness in children with prenatal exposure to dioxins in Vietnam, whereas dried bonito broth (DBB) has been reported to suppress inflammation and inhibit aggressive behavior in animal and human studies. In the present study, we investigated the association between dioxin exposure and the prevalence of children with highly aggressive behaviors (Study 1), as well as the effects of DBB on the prevalence of children with highly aggressive behaviors (Study 2). Methods: In Study 1, we investigated the effects of dioxin exposure on the prevalence of children with high aggression scores, which were assessed using the Children’s Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive (C-SHARP) in dioxin-contaminated areas. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model after adjusting for confounding factors. In Study 2, we performed nutritional intervention by administering DBB for 60 days to ameliorate the aggressiveness of children with high scores on the C-SHARP aggression scale. The effects of DBB were assessed by comparing the prevalence of children with high C-SHARP scores between the pre- and post-intervention examinations. Results: In Study 1, only the prevalence of children with high covert aggression was significantly increased with an increase in dioxin exposure. In Study 2, in the full ingestion (>80% of goal ingestion volume) group, the prevalence of children with high covert aggression associated with dioxin exposure was significantly lower in the post-ingestion examination compared with in the pre-ingestion examination. However, in other ingestion (<20% and 20–79%) groups and a reference (no intervention) group, no difference in the prevalence of children with high covert aggression was found between the examinations before and after the same experimental period. Conclusions: The findings suggest that DBB ingestion may ameliorate children’s aggressive behavior, which is associated with perinatal dioxin exposure.
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Perez, German, Marcello Mascini, Valentina Lanzone, Manuel Sergi, Michele Del Carlo, Mauro Esposito i Dario Compagnone. "Peptides Trapping Dioxins: A Docking-Based Inverse Screening Approach". Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/491827.
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A rapid and cost-effective computational methodology for designing and rationalizing the selection of small peptides as receptors for dioxin-like compounds was proposed. The backbone of the dioxin Ah receptor binding site was used to design a series of penta- and hexapeptide libraries, with 1400 elements in total. Peptide flexibility was considered and 10 conformers were found to be a good option to represent peptide conformational space with fair speed-accuracy ratio. Each peptide conformer was treated as a possible receptor, generating a dedicated box and then running a docking process using as ligands a family of 76 dibenzo-p-dioxins and 113 dibenzofurans mono- and polychlorinated. Significant predictions were confirmed by comparing primary structure of top and bottom ranked peptides binding dioxins confirming that scrambled positions of the same amino acids gave completely different predicted binding. The hexapeptide EWFQPW, with the best binding score, was chosen as selective sorbent material in solid-phase extraction. The retention performances were tested using the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and two polychlorinated biphenyls in order to verify the hexapeptide specificity. The solid-phase extraction experimental procedure was optimized, and analytical parameters of hexapeptide sorbent material were compared with the resin without hexapeptide and a commercial reversed phase cartridge.
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Sauer, P. J. J., M. Huisman, C. Koopman-Esseboom, D. C. Morse, A. E. Smits-van Prooije, K. J. van de Berg, L. G. M. Th Tuinstra i in. "Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Dioxins on Growth and Development". Human & Experimental Toxicology 13, nr 12 (grudzień 1994): 900–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719401301213.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins are potentially toxic compounds which occur widely in the environment. Their effects on the growth and development of infants at the levels currently found in highly industrialised western countries is not well known. This Dutch multicenter study, combining animal and human studies, tries to answer this question. Animal studies showed that PCB 169, given once during pregnancy at a dose of 1.8 g kg-1 bodyweight, has an effect on developmental parameters, dopamine regulation and fertility. Effects on thyroid hormones were also found in animals, probably due to both a competitive binding of PCB metabolites to the thyroxine binding protein and increased glucuronidation, Perhaps to compensate for this, an increased diodase activity in the brain was found. Human studies involved 400 mother-infant pairs, half of them being breast-fed, the other half were fed a formula devoid of PCBs and dioxins. PCB levels were measured in serum and dioxin and PCB levels in breastmilk. Levels were found to be as high as previously found in highly industrialised countries. Growth and development were carefully documented, but no data are as yet available. In pregnant women, a significant negative correlation was found between some dioxin and PCB congeners in milk and plasma thyroid hormones, while newborn infants showed higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at higher levels of dioxin exposure. In summary, data from this combined multicenter study involving animals and humans increases our insight into the potentially negative effects of PCBs and dioxins on growth and development.
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Nguyen, Hung Xuan, Xuyen Thi Nguyen, Hang Thi Hong Mai, Huong Thi Nguyen, Nam Duc Vu, Thao Thi Phuong Pham, Trung Quang Nguyen i in. "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Dioxins and Furans Occurrence in River Sediments from a Secondary Steel Recycling Craft Village in Northern Vietnam". Molecules 29, nr 8 (15.04.2024): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081788.
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This first study investigated the presence of dioxins and furans in river sediments around a craft village in Vietnam, focusing on Secondary Steel Recycling. Sediment samples were collected from various locations along the riverbed near the Da Hoi Secondary Steel Recycling village in Bac Ninh province. The analysis was conducted using a HRGC/HRMS-DFS device, detecting a total of 17 dioxin/furan isomers in all samples, with an average total concentration of 288.86 ng/kg d.w. The concentrations of dioxin/furan congeners showed minimal variation among sediment samples, ranging from 253.9 to 344.2 ng/kg d.w. The predominant compounds in the dioxin group were OCDD, while in the furan group, they were 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and OCDF. The chlorine content in the molecule appeared to be closely related to the concentration of dioxins and their percentage distribution. However, the levels of furan isomers did not vary significantly. The distribution of these compounds was not dependent on the flow direction, as they were mainly found in solid waste and are not water-soluble. Although the hepta and octa congeners had high concentrations, when converted to TEQ values, the tetra and penta groups (for dioxins) and the penta and hexa groups (for furans) contributed more to toxicity. Furthermore, the source of dioxins in sediments at Da Hoi does not only originate from steel recycling production activities but also from other combustion sites. The average total toxicity was 10.92 ng TEQ/kg d.w, ranging from 4.99 to 17.88 ng TEQ/kg d.w, which did not exceed the threshold specified in QCVN 43:2017/BTNMT, the National Technical Regulation on Sediment Quality. Nonetheless, these levels are still concerning. The presence of these toxic substances not only impacts aquatic organisms in the sampled water environment but also poses potential health risks to residents living nearby.
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Ali, Beshir M., M. G. Andersson, B. H. P. van den Borne, M. Focker i H. J. van der Fels-Klerx. "Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Food Safety Risk Management: The Case of Dioxins in Baltic Fish". Foods 11, nr 7 (6.04.2022): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11071059.
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The Swedish risk management case of Baltic fatty fishes, in which dioxin levels may be too high, is a typical multidimensional food safety decision problem involving public health, economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects. To effectively address the dioxin food safety problem, the multiple dimensions and conflicting interests of stakeholders have to be considered systematically when evaluating competing risk management options. The objectives of this study were to illustrate the applicability of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method for multidimensional food safety risk management problems, and to evaluate the Swedish dioxin risk management using MCDA. The results show that the MCDA method is indeed a relevant tool for modelling the multifactorial Swedish dioxin problem and for initiating discussions amongst stakeholders to increase the acceptance of chosen strategies. Abolishing the derogation from the European Commission’s maximum limits for the presence of dioxins in Swedish fish is the dominant strategy for risk assessors, whereas the preferences provided by the other stakeholders would suggest a continuation of the derogation without providing consumer information. However, the preferences of female consumers match with the 2011 decision of the Swedish government to ask for a derogation in combination with consumer information. The conclusion drawn from our MCDA analysis is comparable to the government’s decision that—given the gradual reduction in dioxin concentrations in Baltic fish—the decision to continue providing consumer information or not mainly depends on how risk managers balance the preferences of the different stakeholders.
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Sebastian, Priyanka Mary, i K. V. Bhaskara Rao. "Approaches in Bioremediation of Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds – A Review on Current and Future Prospects". Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, nr 3 (1.09.2022): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i03.046.
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Waste generation is becoming increasingly prominent in the environmental arena due to the increase in population and living standards of life. Dioxin and Dioxin-related compounds are a set of hazardous chemicals that are ubiquitously distributed. Polychlorinated dioxins are introduced into our surroundings by both spontaneous and induced activities like combustion, incineration of waste, recycling of e-waste, and paper and pesticide manufacturing. They are chloroaromatic compounds that are found to be lethal and possess carcinogenic properties and are one of the primary examples of persistent environmental pollutants (POP). Removal of these compounds from the environment is very challenging due to their recalcitrant nature. An alternative technique is the use of microbial technology which includes the use of bacteria and fungi to detoxify the dioxins that are considered to be a more effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable alternative. Different microbial interactions were studied for their degradation potential. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furans (PCDD/F) are found to be degraded by bacteria by adopting either aerobic or anaerobic pathways and the details regarding the diversity, distribution, bioremediation potential, metabolic pathway have been analyzed. This review provides an overview of the source of contamination, its potential toxicity assessment, and various bioremediation techniques that are employed are discussed in detail. It also highlights the nanoremediation technique - a promising tool in which nanoparticles are used in the treatment of toxic organic pollutants.