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1
Alajmi, Fahhad, i n/a. "A Study of Dietary Intake in Kuwait". Griffith University. School of Health Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051129.122226.
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This study investigated Kuwait food system. Firstly the current dietary consumption of a representative sample of the Kuwaiti population was assessed. Secondly the effects of the 1990 Gulf war on Kuwait's food and nutrition system were investigated. The major part of this study was a National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 20 to 65 years, which is the largest and most detailed survey ever undertaken of the diet and nutritional status of adult people in Kuwait. A food frequency questionnaire was delivered to 491 subjects (response rate 81.8%, 278 female and 213 male). In addition, a sample of 383 (response rate 207 female and 176 male) were interviewed using a 24 hour recall method. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive cross-sectional picture of the dietary habits and nutritional status of the population of Kuwait. The energy and nutrient intakes in the survey were compared with the US RDA.
2
Alajmi, Fahhad. "A Study of Dietary Intake in Kuwait". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366700.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study investigated Kuwait food system. Firstly the current dietary consumption of a representative sample of the Kuwaiti population was assessed. Secondly the effects of the 1990 Gulf war on Kuwait's food and nutrition system were investigated. The major part of this study was a National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 20 to 65 years, which is the largest and most detailed survey ever undertaken of the diet and nutritional status of adult people in Kuwait. A food frequency questionnaire was delivered to 491 subjects (response rate 81.8%, 278 female and 213 male). In addition, a sample of 383 (response rate 207 female and 176 male) were interviewed using a 24 hour recall method. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive cross-sectional picture of the dietary habits and nutritional status of the population of Kuwait. The energy and nutrient intakes in the survey were compared with the US RDA.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health Sciences
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3
Al-Foraih, Meisa. "Dietary, Physical Activity and Other Lifestyle Habits and their Associations with Medication Adherence in a Group of Hypercholesterolemic Patients Prescribed Statin Therapy in Kuwait". Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366088.
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The growing epidemic of coronary heart disease (CHD) is evident worldwide, accounting for global mortality rates of approximately 7.2 million per year. Coronary heart disease causes are multi-factorial encompassing both intrinsic and extrinsic factors; including age, gender, genetics, diet, physical activity, obesity, psychology, smoking and alcohol intake. Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), an underlying consequence mainly of poor dietary habits, is strongly associated with increased risk of developing CHD and therefore a major target for CHD risk reduction strategies. Although intrinsic factors such as age, gender and genetics cannot be controlled or corrected, modifiable factors (extrinsic) can be managed and thus CHD risk may be reduced. Prescription of lipid-lowering drugs such as statins (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase or HMG-CoA inhibitors) has significantly increased due to their LDL-cholesterol lowering properties, where subsequently CHD risk may be reduced. There is little doubt in the efficacy of these drugs; the effectiveness however, is the issue in question. Various studies have reported up to 55% non-adherence to statin medications, after 6 months of treatment. It is important to recognize that once statin adherence subsides in these patients, risk reduction is dependent on the alternative concomitant therapies (diet, physical activity, maintenance of weight and smoking cessation), which may or may not have been implemented by the patient. Therefore the goal of this study was investigate the degree of adherence to statin medication, and alternative concomitant behaviours and examine whether an association exists between these various coronary risk reduction factors and overall CHD risk profile.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Health
Griffith Health
Full Text
4
Gagnon, Gilbert 1954. "Upper urinary tract stones and dietary habits". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=71953.
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The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between dietary intake and the formation of idiopathic upper urinary tract stones. More specifically, the aim of this study was to test the relationship between the formation of idiopathic upper urinary tract stones and diet in new cases and demonstrate how the inclusion of recurrent cases in a study could affect the relationship mentioned above.A case-control approach was used. A total of 61 new cases was compared to 58 controls. A parallel analysis was made for 62 recurrent cases and 59 controls in order to demonstrate the possible effect of dietary advice received in the past in relation to previous episodes of kidney stones. All controls were selected from patients who had an intravenous pyelogram for a reason other than one related to the formation of a kidney stone and were matched to cases for age and sex. The dietary history of patients was established and constituted the main part of a home interview. Logistic regression was used and potential confounding factors were adjusted for, including family history of stones, ethnic group, and source of the patients.
Some differences in nutrient intake were observed between new cases and their controls. Differences involved oxalates, vitamin D and the combination of proteins, purines and magnesium. As the direction of the observed differences did not fit the research hypotheses and likely explanations were found, it was concluded that there was no relationship between diet and kidney stone formation.
The analysis involving recurrent cases and their controls revealed that there was effectively a dietary bias which affected the estimated intake of calcium, water, magnesium, purines, and possibly proteins and vitamin C as well. It is concluded that any case-control study on kidney stone formation should be done separately for new and recurrent cases.
5
Majors, Matthew R. "DIETARY HABITS AND KNOWLEDGE OF COLLEGE AGE STUDENTS". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/30.
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College is a time of emerging identity and habit formation for students. One hundred and sixty-two (162) college students were surveyed via an internet based survey. The survey asked questions regarding dietary habits such as consumption of dairy, vegetables, fruit, and protein. The survey also examined dietary knowledge such as ability to read food labels. The students were divided into two groups for analysis, nutrition majors and non-nutrition majors. The two groups differed in Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=0.004), but not nutrition knowledge (p=0.082). The nutrition students had an average BMI of 22.0+/-2.42 and a nutrition knowledge score of 2.44+/-0.60, while the non-nutrition majors had an average BMI of 23.9+/-4.50 and a knowledge score of 2.22+/-0.55.
6
石淑零 i Suk-ling Shek. "Nutritional status and dietary habits of university students". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225093.
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Shek, Suk-ling. "Nutritional status and dietary habits of university students". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B22424672.
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Alabdullah, Ghanima. "Promoting Healthy Eating Habits and Physical Activity among School-aged Children in Kuwait – “My Healthy Habits" Summer Camp". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3704.
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The effectiveness of an eight-week nutrition and physical activity intervention at a summer camp to prevent obesity, and promote healthy eating habits and physical activity among children in Kuwait was studied. Two summer camps were recruited for intervention and comparison groups. Convenient sampling was used (N= 79). Pre-test/post-test assessment were used for the participants in the intervention and comparison groups. Modified Healthy Habits Survey (HHS) was used to measure children’s knowledge, behavior and attitude about nutrition, screen time and physical activities, BMI-for age percentile were collected. Statistical analysis included independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-squared test, McNemar's test, and multiple regression. Results indicated that there was a significant increase in nutrition knowledge score (Pp= 0.013, p = 0.007, p = 0.002, and p = 0.012, respectively). There was no significant decrease in the number of servings of unhealthy foods for french-fries and chips, fruit flavored drinks or soft drinks. The only significant decrease in the unhealthy food intake was seen in the number of servings of sweets and candies. Thirty-three-point-three percent of participants in the intervention group decreased their consumption of sweets and candies to 1 time or less per day (P=0.001). There was a significant increase in the intervention group in both physical activity and screen time knowledge (Pp
9
Mayes, Lindsey M. "Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Habits of Farmers Market Patrons". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/10.
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A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been strongly associated with weight management, improved overall health, and decreased incidence of chronic disease. Availability of locally grown produce is associated with a higher intake of fruits and vegetables; there were 7,864 farmers markets operating in the U.S. in 2012, a 9.6% increase from 2011. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographics, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits of farmers market patrons at ten diverse markets in Kentucky. A total of 153 surveys were collected; the average age of study participants was 46 ± 21 year. Respondents reported consuming an average of 2.1 ± 1.3 fruit servings and 2.9 ± 1.6 vegetable servings per day. As well, 49% of the market patrons indicated they had an advanced or professional knowledge of nutrition. On a scale of 1-10, with 10 being "extremely important", 59% of the patrons ranked having nutrition information listed on recipes as an 8 or above. Market patrons are specifically interested in the salt (87%), fat (74%), and calorie (72%) content of recipes. Results indicate that most farmers market patrons have a good knowledge of nutrition and are interested in evaluating nutrition information.
10
Briggs, Marc. "Investigating the dietary habits of adolescent academy soccer players". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/32551/.
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Academy soccer players partake in high volumes of training and match-play, but limited information exists regarding the optimal dietary practices to fuel such demands. Accordingly, the aims of the thesis were threefold: (1) to identify an accurate method of energy intake assessment which quantifies any self-reporting bias bespoke to Academy soccer players, (2) to provide a quantification of the energy intake and energy expenditure of Academy soccer players over a ‘typical’ training week, specifically highlighting any fluctuations in energy balance, (3) to investigate potential strategies to optimise dietary practices of Academy soccer players to reduce any identified energy deficits, whilst also examining the impact on soccer performance variables. Chapter 3 aimed to explore the agreement between researcher observed energy intake and self-reported energy intake in male Academy soccer players using a combined selfreported, weighed food diary and 24 h recall method. Considering the widely reported bias associated with using isolated self-report measures, the accuracy of a combined method was examined. Findings suggested that the combined dietary data collection method is an acceptable alternative to researcher observed approach when assessing energy intake in Academy soccer players, providing that appropriate adjustment was applied for the minor systematic under-reporting. Chapter 4 investigated the energy intake and expenditure of Academy soccer players during a competitive week. The combined method was used to measure energy intake in conjunction with accelerometry to quantify energy expenditure. Findings highlighted that the mean daily energy intake of Academy soccer players was lower than the energy expended during a competitive week, producing significant daily energy deficits. The magnitudes of these deficits were greatest on match and heavy training days. Furthermore, pre-match dietary practices were identified as a concern, reporting inadequate levels of energy intake to fuel match-play. Chapter 5 investigated the physiological and performance effects of increasing prematch energy intake prior to simulated soccer match-play, with the aim of reducing the previously identified significant negative energy balance. Findings demonstrated that Academy soccer players are able to increase pre-match energy intake without experiencing abdominal discomfort, addressing the previously identified energy deficit on such days. Furthermore, whilst increasing habitual energy intake produced limited benefits to physical performance, increased dribbling speed was identified, which may have practical application to match-play. In summary, this research has provided further information concerning the dietary practices of Academy soccer players, a population which has received limited focus, despite substantial implications considering the high demands of training and matchplay in combination with maintaining growth and maturation. Overall findings demonstrate that energy intake remains relatively stable throughout the week, failing to account for the periodised approach to training load. Players are subsequently experiencing significant daily energy deficits in particular during heavy training and match-days. Furthermore, whilst strategies to increase pre-exercise energy intake may help reduce such deficits, limited effects on physiological and soccer-specific performance were identified.
11
Hong, Lei, i 洪镭. "The association of dietary habits and socioeconomic factors with dietary related causes of death". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50561674.
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Background：
Previous studies indicated that dietary habit or food-purchasing behaviors was associated with socioeconomic status. However, there is no study about potential association between social economic factors (individual and neighborhood levels) and dietary related mortality risks.
Objective:
1) To provide population based information on food consumption pattern among Hong Kong people from a diversity of socio-economic background.
2) Investigate the dietary habits and different food related death in Hong Kong people who were 65 or over.
3) Investigate the association of socioeconomic factors and food related death at individual (SES) and neighborhood (SDI) level.
Method:
The subjects we recruited in a lifestyle and mortality (LIMOR)study forall deceased people aged 65 or older. The LIMOR data was conducted by The University of Hong Kong, School of Public health in the year of 1997. I got access to part of the data for my study from the leading investigator (Dr. Daniel SY Ho). Dietary habits were measured by using semi-quantitative food frequency questions on seven most commonly consumed food groups by Hong Kong residents: vegetables, fruits, soy and dairy products fish, meat and Chinese tea.Mortality in 1998 due to non-accidental causes (ICD9: 001—799) was examined. In my study, mortality due to specific categories of cardio-respiratory causes was regarded as the case and the due to pneumonia was regarded as the control. Binary logistic regression was used for assessment of odds ratio with adjustment for confounders.
Result:
Regular consumption of fruit was significantly (P<0.01) related to lower mortality due to COPD with adjusted OR =0.77 (95%CI 0.63-0.94) and regular consumption of vegetables was significantly(p<0.05) related to lower mortality due tocolon cancer with adjusted OR =0.58 (95%CI 0. 33-1.00). Milk consumption was significantly(p<0.05) related to higher mortality for both ischemicheart disease (adjusted OR=1.25; 95%CI 1.02-1.51) and COPD (p<0.01 adjusted OR=1.37; 95%CI 1.08-1.73) for people aged over 65. In my study, fish consumption was significantly (p<0.05) associated with lower mortality due to stomach cancer with adjusted OR=0.47 (95%CI 0.30-0.75). Meat consistently showed positive correlation with all f the causes of death, however, none of them were significant. Soy consumption was consistently and non-significantly shown to have a negative association with different causes of death, except COPD. Tea was negatively associated with COPD and hypertension, though none of them were significant. For those who lived in homeowner‘s scheme house, they were more likely (p<0.05) to have hypertension (OR=1.79; 95%CI 1.03-3.13). Also for people who lived in private houses, they were more likely (p<0.05) to died from IHD (OR=1.27; 95%CI 1.09-1.60) and colon cancer (OR=1.27; 95%CI 1.01-1.59) death. People who had primary (OR=1.45; 95%CI 1.12-1.86) and secondary and above education(OR=1.27; 95%CI 1.01-1.59) had a significantly (p<0.05) association with mortality due to colon cancer. People who had low SES and lived in high SDI area were less likely (p<0.05) to die fromischemic heart disease (OR=0.41; 95%CI 0.17-0.98).
Conclusion:
In Hong Kong, people who had higher education tended to consume more dairy products than lower education group and they were more likely to die from colon cancer. People who lived in private houses had higher consumption of dairy products than those lived in public estate and they were more likely to die from IHD and colon cancer. For people who had high SES, no matter which SDI areas they lived, they tended to have a more frequent consumption of fruit, bean, dairy products and meat than those oflow SES. People who had low SES and lived in high SDI area, as we considered as the poorest people, were less likely to die withischemic heart disease.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
12
French, Lyndi Ivey. "The relationship between physical self-efficacy and personal dietary habits". Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774761.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical self-efficacy and personal dietary habits among students living in the wellness residence halls of Ball State University. This was a correlational study using previously collected data from six wellness residence halls. Residents from these halls were voluntary participants in the wellness screening, which included the testing instruments used for this study. Fifty-four subjects completed the Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire (LSAQ) which included both the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (PSES) and the Dietary Habits Questions (DHQ). The relationship between physical self-efficacy and dietary habits was tested using the Pearson r as the correlation coefficient. It appears that there is a significant linear relationship between the physical self-efficacy and dietary habits among participants examined in this study. This linear relationship should be interpretated with caution, however, because the strength of the relationship between PSES and DHQ scores (r2=.1099) indicates that less than 11% of the variance within the DHQ scores is shared with the variance within the PSES scores. Those who had good physical self-efficacy also had good dietary habits. Further study is recommended.Institute for Wellness
13
Aguilera, Lorri Castro. "Exercise and dietary habits of high school, health science students". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/997.
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Al-Sendi, Aneesa Mohammed. "Prevalence and determinants of obesity among adolescents in Bahrain". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682266/.
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Over the last 30 years Bahrain has witnessed remarkable economic growth and social development. This has resulted in tremendous changes in the dietary habits and lifestyle of the population and consequently increased levels of obesity. A cross-sectional study involving a representative sample of 506 Bahraini adolescents (249 males and 257 females), aged 12 to 17 years, was carried out to estimate the prevalence of obesity, its contributing factors and relationship to the risk of developing high blood pressure. The sample was selected, using a multi-stage random sampling technique, from intermediate and secondary schools in Bahrain. Data was collected using anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurement and a self-administered questionnaire. A separate case control study, which included a sample of obese and non-obese adolescents, was carried out to investigate the relationship between adolescents' obesity and the family environment. Twenty one percent of the male and 35% of the female participants were obese using the WHO criteria for obesity in adolescents. A distinct sexual dimorphism in the accumulation of body fat during adolescence was observed. Thirty two percent of the boys and 60% of the girls had a percentage body fat at or exceeding the high-risk threshold for fatness, according to the currently accepted criteria. Systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were all positively associated with body fatness. Multivariate analysis showed that higher levels of mother's education, frequent snacking and distress eating were all independent factors associated with an increased risk of obesity. Factors associated with a reduced risk of obesity included playing sport outside school, walking or cycling to school and eating meals with the family. Among the family environment variables, parental obesity and history of diabetes; mother's lifestyle variables, namely physical exercise and hours of television viewing, were all found to be independently related to risk of obesity in the Bahraini teenagers. Mother's degree of control over child's eating was strongly and indirectly related to risk of obesity in the adolescents. Breastfeeding, birthweight and availability and accessibility of high calorie foods in the house did not appear to be associated with adolescents' obesity. Eighteen percent of boys and 10% of girls had high blood pressure. BMI, percent body fat and waist circumference were all significantly and positively associated with a risk of having elevated blood pressure. Approximately 30% of the adolescents underestimated their current weight and about 40% thought that their parents/peers would consider them to be leaner than they actually were. More than half of the girls and about one third of the boys expressed discontent with their current body weight. Lifestyle changes and nutrition transition associated with economic development in Bahrain has increased risk of obesity among adolescents, a characteristic now evident in most countries in the Arab Gulf Region. This study provides an insight into the various determinants of this epidemic and will help to initiate public health strategies to deal with this increasing burden on health in the region.
15
Larsson, Christel. "Young vegetarians and omnivores : Dietary habits and other health-related aspects". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-5.
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In the middle of the 1990s many adolescents became vegetarians. There was concern among adults about whether these new young vegetarians got enough energy and nutrients from their dietary intake. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence of young vegetarians, the food and lifestyle habits, dietary intake and nutritional status of vegetarian and omnivorous adolescents. The prevalence of adolescents eating a vegetarian school lunch in 124 Swedish secondary schools was investigated by interviewing matrons. Information about prevalence of vegetarians, food and lifestyle habits, of 2041 15-year old students from Umeå, Stockholm and Bergen, was obtained by a questionnaire. The dietary intake and nutritional status of thirty 16-20 year-old vegans were compared with thirty age, sex and height matched omnivores. Five percent of the adolescents (16-20 years) in Sweden were found to eat vegetarian food at school lunch. In Umeå there was a significantly higher prevalence (15.6%) of 15-year-old vegetarians compared with Stockholm (4.8%) and Bergen (3.8%). It was also found that more females than males (15 years old) chose a vegetarian dietary regime. Even though the female vegetarians consumed vegetables significantly more often than the omnivores, the intake (32 times/month) was not as often as might be expected of a vegetarian population. The male vegetarians reported eating vegetables not even once a day (25 times/month). No difference in the consumption frequency of fruits/berries, alcoholic beverages, sweets/chocolates and fast foods was seen between vegetarians and omnivores. However, female vegetarians more often than female omnivores consumed dietary supplements. Furthermore, lifestyle characteristics of vegetarians were similar those of omnivores regarding exercise, use of alcohol and smoking habits. No significant difference in validity of reported energy expenditure or energy and protein intakes was found between vegans and omnivores. Young vegans (16-20 year-olds) were seen to have a higher calculated intake of vegetables, legumes, and dietary supplements and a lower intake of ice creams, cakes/cookies, and candies/chocolate than omnivores. The dietary intake was below the average requirements of riboflavin for 73% of the vegans, vitamin B12 for all vegans, vitamin D for 43% of the vegans, calcium for 77% of the vegans and selenium for all vegans and 43% of the omnivores. If intake of supplements was included the intake of e.g. calcium and selenium was still lower than the average requirements for 67% and 73% of the vegans respectively. Low iron stores were as prevalent among vegans as among omnivores (20% and 23% with low stores) and three vegans had low vitamin B12 concentrations in blood. The findings imply that food and lifestyle habits of young vegetarians are different than what previous studies of vegetarians have shown. There is a need for future research of the long-term health effects of being vegetarian.
16
Horwath, Caroline Christine. "A random population study of the dietary habits of elderly people". Title page, contents and synopsis only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh824.pdf.
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Knox, Barbara. "Dietary habits, taste acuity & preference of fat during human pregnancy". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359058.
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Barley, Brooke Nicole. "Investigation of Eating Habits and Dietary Intake of High School Wrestlers". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1428599142.
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Zorn, Sebastian P. "Body Composition, Dietary Habits, and Rowing Performance ofMale Collegiate Club Rowers". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149269022744971.
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Schroeder, Zoe, i Zoe Schroeder. "Dietary Habits, Nutrition Knowledge, and Body Composition of Collegiate Club Athletes". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625148.
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Background:
Collegiate club sports are not affiliated with the official athletic department for the
university, and therefore are without comparable resources, like access to sports dietitians and
specialized trainers. There is a large gap in literature specifically aimed at this collegiate
population.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to describe the nutritional status, including body composition
and nutrient intake, and nutrition and exercise habits of collegiate club student athletes.
Design:
21 club sport athletes, 4 males and 17 females volunteered to complete an online nutrition
survey, a 24-hour dietary intake recall, and skinfold body composition assessment. Data
collection included 3-site skinfold body composition measurements, nutrient analysis based on a
24-hour dietary intake recall, and answers collected from the online nutrition survey.
Results:
Body composition results varied by sport and gender (Height 63”-73”, Weight 125#-
185#, Age 18y-24y, and %BF 4.1%-29.1%). Participants, on average, over-consumed total fat
and saturated fat, while under-consuming carbohydrates and fiber (females). Micronutrients of
concern included low potassium and Vitamin D intake and high sodium intakes. Some
participants demonstrated nutrition knowledge deficits, but most showed an eagerness to learn
more about nutrition.
Conclusion:
With the support of more research on collegiate club athletes, advocacy for access to
sports dietitians and education programs could improve this population’s health, nutrition
knowledge, and performance.
21
Payne, Kate. "A Comparative Study of Dietary Habits among College Students At-Risk and Not-At-Risk for Eating Disorders and how Such Habits Compare to the Dietary Guidelines". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32587.
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Objective: To examine associations between eating disorder (ED) risk and dietary habits. Also, to determine if ED risk changes after exposure to nutrition education and to investigate how the dietary habits in both at-risk (AR) and not-at-risk (NAR) college students compare the Dietary Guidelines (DG).
Design: A longitudinal observational study over one academic year. Self-reported dietary intake was collected via seven-day food records. The Eating Attitudes Test 26 (EAT-26) was used to assess ED risk. Subjects underwent measurements of height, weight, skin fold, waist circumference and hip circumference.
Subjects/Setting: Data from 507 students enrolled in one of two fall 2005 nutrition/health courses at a land grant university in southwest Virginia were analyzed.
Main Outcome Measures: ED risk, mean daily intake of fruits, vegetables, fiber, whole grains, protein, total calories, and changes in ED risk over one academic year. BMI, weight change, percent body fat, and waist circumference were also evaluated.
Statistical Analysis Performed: Associations between ED risk and mean daily intake of dietary variables were assessed using independent samples t-tests (p<0.05). Changes in mean EAT-26 scores were assessed using paired-t tests. Changes in the proportion of subjects categorized as AR and NAR were evaluated using Chi-square analysis.
Results: This study was completed by 192 subjects. Those AR consumed significantly fewer calories than NAR subjects in both September. In April, AR subjects consumed significantly fewer fried vegetable servings than NAR subjects. Chi-square analysis in April revealed that the size of the NAR group increased thus reducing the size of the AR group. Overall, subjectsâ diets failed to meet the DG for fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and dietary fiber.
Conclusion: Overall dietary intake did not vary significantly between AR and NAR subjects, excepting lower caloric intake and fewer fried vegetable servings in those AR. Both groups failed to meet the DG for fruits, vegetables, whole grains and dietary fiber.
Application: Educational interventions emphasizing the DG may improve ED risk but warrant more specific targeting of poor dietary habits in order to increase the college populationâ s compliance with the DG.Master of Science
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Wilson, Mardell A. "Dietary fat related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among college students /". View online, 1992. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998882572.pdf.
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Takata, Yumie. "Mammographic Density, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Habits in Japan and Hawaii". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6963.
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The topic of this master's thesis is breast cancer risk and its relationships to one's diet and nutrition. There is evidence that lifestyle, family history, dietary habits, reproductive history, and anthropometric characteristics are associated with the risk of breast cancer. The well-established risk factors for breast cancer are age, reproductive behavior, family history of breast cancer, years of education, and anthropometric and dietary factors. However, when it comes to dietary factors, there needs to be further research to clarify the relationship with the disease. Breast cancer incidence rates differ by ethnicity and also by geographic location. Migrant studies have shown that rates among migrants from a low-risk country to a high-risk country were higher than the rates among women in their homelands. This suggests that the increase in rates among the same ethnic group might be caused by changes in the environment, including dietary habits. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of diet with Body Mass Index (BMI) and breast cancer risk, as measured by mammographic density, among Japanese women in Japan and Japanese and Caucasian women in Hawaiʻi. The validated Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were used to assess dietary intake as well as descriptive characteristics, which include demographic, anthropometric and reproductive characteristics. Analysis of Variance was used to compare the differences in descriptive characteristics and diet among the three groups of women. To explore the association between diet and the determinants of BMI and mammographic density, multiple regression was applied. Among the three groups of women in the study, anthropometric and mammographic characteristics differed by ethnicity but not by place of residence. Dietary habits differed considerably by ethnicity and place of residence. It appeared that the diet of Japanese women in Hawaiʻi was a combination of foods eaten in Japan and dietary habits of Caucasian women in Hawaiʻi. Intake of ethanol was associated with BMI in both pre- and postmenopausal women, while association with the other dietary factors differed depending on menopausal status. BMI was more strongly associated with dietary variables among premenopausal women than descriptive characteristics, while it was strongly associated with Japanese ethnicity among postmenopausal women. Intakes of fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates, vitamin A, fish, and eggs were associated with mammographic density in the current study. BMI was the strongest predictor of mammographic density. Dietary intake explained little of the variation in mammographic density. It is still questionable whether mammographic density among different ethnic groups is comparable as an indicator for breast cancer risk. Total dense area of the breast maybe a better indicator. For future studies, it is suggested that associations between body fat distributions, as a possible indicator for breast cancer risk, and diet be examined, adjusted for reproductive histories and biochemical measures for hormones.xiii, 96 leaves
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Bernard, Edmond-Jean. "Dietary habits in Crohn's Disease families in Quebec, a case-control study". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29655.pdf.
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Veer, Pieter van 't. "Dietary habits and breast cancer a case-control study in the Netherlands /". [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5573.
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Bou, Khalil Cynthia. "Emerging obesity and dietary habits among James Bay Cree youth: 3 communities". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32356.
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ABSTRACT The present project provides information on the nutritional health of James Bay Cree children and youth who have been deeply affected by nutrition transition and are now at risk for overweight and poor diet quality. The current thesis found that 63.2% of the Cree youth aged 9 to 18 years old were at risk of overweight while 47.2% were overweight. Almost all of the participants reported consuming high-sugar and high-fat foods which accounted for 12.8% and 40% of their total energy intake respectively. Furthermore, all youth had notably lower fruit and vegetable and milk and milk product consumption than recommended. Traditional food consumption was low. However, youth who consumed traditional food at least once a week had a significantly lower BMI percentile and a higher fruit and vegetable intake than those who consumed traditional food less frequently. The findings highlight the urgent need for dietary interventions among Cree youth. It is hoped the project will build awareness and capacity to effectively deal with the obesity epidemic in Cree communities and also be of value to other communities affected by this global obesity epidemic-recently referred to as "globesity" by the WHO.RÉSUMÉ Cette étude vise principalement à souligner les problèmes nutritionnels auxquels font face les Cree de la Baie James qui souffrent aujourd'hui d'un taux élevé de surpoids et qui ont été profondément affecté par les changements qu'ont subis les conditions de vie, notamment en matière d'alimentation et l'accès aux biens de consommation. Les résultats du projet suivant montrent que 63.2% des Jeunes Cree âgés entre 9 et 18 ans se sont avérés en risque de surpoids tandis que 47.2% souffrent de surpoids. Environ tous les participants ont affirmé avoir consommé des aliments riche en sucre et en gras, qui représentent respectivement 12.8% et 40% de leur énergie totale. D'ailleurs tous les jeunes ont généralement une consommation de fruits et légumes et lait et produits laitiers plus faible que celle recommandée. La consommation d'aliments traditionnels est en générale faible. Néanmoins, les jeunes qui ont consommé au moins 1 aliment traditionnel par semaine ont en moyenne un BMI percentile plus bas et ont démontré une consommation plus élevée de fruits et légumes. Ces conduites appellent au besoin urgent d'interventions nutritionnelles a l'égard des Jeunes Cree. Il est espéré que ce projet va alerter les gens au sujet de surpoids et mieux guider les interventions pour combattre l'obésité dans les communautés Cree ainsi que dans les autres communautés affectées par l'épidémie d'obésité.
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Charnock, Deborah Jane Katherine. "Naturalistic studies of the relationship between dietary restraint, eating habits and mood". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253789.
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Searles, Jennifer L. "Habits for Healthy Eating in Early Pregnancy". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin155412029558915.
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Simons, Katherine. "Food preferences and compliance with dietary advice among patients of a general practice". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277188.
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Henningsen, Maria. "Dietary Habits in Adolescence Related to Sociodemographic Factors, Physical Activity and Self-esteem". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosialt arbeid og helsevitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14314.
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Unhealthy eating during adolescence has shown to have multiple negative consequences. The aim of this paper is to acquire knowledge of dietary habits in adolescence and consider how this behaviour varies across different groups of adolescents. Correlations between dietary habits, age and gender have several times been found, in terms of girls eating healthier than boys, and the intake of healthy food decreasing with age. Additionally, adolescents of low socioeconomic position are at higher risk for having unhealthy dietary habits, while adolescents who are physically active seem to eat healthier. Further, it has been shown that low self-esteem in adolescence is associated with eating disorders, representing both restrained eating, but also binge eating. The mentioned correlations can be understood and explained using individual psychological models of health behaviour, like the KAP model and social cognitive theory.
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Paul, Yvonne. "Exercise practices, dietary habits and medication usage among persons with Type-I diabetes". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28990.
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The aim of this study was to gain insight into the exercise practices, in conjunction with dietary habits and medication routine of insulin dependent diabetics. The study design adopted for the study was that of descriptive and analytical survey. The gathering of data was conducted over a period of seven months using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument, which was administered to 200 insulin dependent diabetics utilizing the outpatient facilities at 12 hospitals in Kwa-Zulu Natal. In determining the respondent's attitude towards exercise, the significant (p<0.001) overall majority (85%) had a positive attitude towards exercise. In probing the perceived efficacy of exercise as a therapeutic modality, a significant (p<0.001) majority (93%) of the respondents stated that exercise/sport is beneficial to a diabetic. Of the overall sample, the significant (p<0.001) majority (68%) of respondents were active participants in exercise (exercisers) versus 32% who were not active (non-exercisers). The profile of the exercisers indicated that the significant (p<0.001) majority participated in exercise of an aerobic type at frequency of 4 or more times per week, at an intensity eliciting an approximate heart rate of between 110 to 130 beats per minute corresponding with an RPE of 11 to 13, for a duration of 20 to 45 minutes. A significant (p<0.001) overall majority (98%) stated that a good diet is an important factor when trying to achieve near normoglycemia. In probing the respondent's knowledge as to what group certain types of food belong to, an overall significant (p<0.001) majority (82%) was accurate in this regard, while significantly (p<0.1) more exercisers (84%) were aware of correct food grouping than non-exercisers (67%). In probing their knowledge of the normal range of blood glucose levels, an overall significant (p<0.001) number of respondents (66%) stated a correct response, while exercisers (67%) were significantly (p<0.1) more knowledgeable than non-exercisers (52%) in this regard. The significant (p<0.001) majority of respondents injected themselves three and more times a day (54%), before meals (71%), in the thigh (35%) and abdominal areas (48%), as opposed to the gluteal area (10%) and the arm (8%). The mean overall dosage of long-acting insulin (12.2 units) and short-acting insulin (10.5 units) for lunch was significantly lower (p<0.1) than for breakfast and supper, however there was no significant difference (p>0.1) between the breakfast and supper dosages. The same pattern was observed for non-exercisers and exercisers. The respondent's knowledge of good diabetic management goals reflected that a significant (p<0.001) overall majority (83%) were aware that diet, insulin and exercise are all important constituents in obtaining good diabetic management, while significantly (p<0.1) more exercisers (84%) than non-exercisers (71%) were aware of this. A significant (p<0.001) majority (83%) of non-exercises stated that they were willing to participate in exercise, but cited time constraints and physical discomfort, inter-alia, as antecedents to non-participation. In conclusion, the results indicated that the provision of educational support for insulin dependent diabetics to overcome the perceived barriers to exercise would increase participation, enhance appropriate exercise prescription and compliance to this important aspect of the diabetic regimen.Dissertation (MA (Human Movement Science))--University of Pretoria, 2002.
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
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Mittag, Mark Ervin. "College students' health status readiness to change dietary intake and physical activity habits /". Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008mittagm.pdf.
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Abdo, Marie-Rose Antoine. "Efficacy of cardiac education on dietary habits of subjects participating in cardiac rehabilitation". [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2005. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0117105-002439/unrestricted/AbdoM011804f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2005.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0117105-002439 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Karim, Norimah A. "Development of dietary assessment methods for use in the South Asian community". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242435.
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Cartwright, Amanda R. "Physical activity and its association with selected dietary behaviors". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Texas, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-32). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Pirie, Katrina Ishbel. "The development of food-based nutrition education and dietary assessment tools for prepubescent children". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340365.
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Neziri, Valentina, i Qendresa Veseli. "Munhygien- och kostvanor hos gymnasieelever i Prishtina, Kosovo". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12074.
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Kosovo saknar ett fungerande tandvårdssystem och det ges inga förebyggande åtgärder vilket påverkar munhälsan. För att upprätthålla en god munhälsa krävs en god munhygien och goda kostvanor. Idag finns det många barn och ungdomar som kommer från Kosovo till Sverige, och därför är det intressant att ta reda på om hur ungdomarnas munhygien-, kost- och tandvårdsvanor ser ut i Kosovo. Syfte med studien var att undersöka munhygien- och kostvanor samt tandvårdsvanor hos 16-19 åringar i Prishtina, Kosovo. Material och metod: Studien är en kvantitativ empirisk studie som utfördes med en enkät som innehöll 17 frågor med fasta svarsalternativ. I studien ingick 150 elever i åldrarna 16-19 från två utvalda gymnasieskolor i Prishtina, Kosovo. Resultatet visade att mer än hälften av respondenterna borstade tänderna två gånger per dag, morgon och kväll med tandborste och tandkräm och cirka 80 % använde något approximalt hjälpmedel. Knappt hälften av respondenterna (43 %) intog 5 mål om dagen och de flesta av respondenterna åt frukost, lunch och middag varje dag. Respondenterna hade ett högt intag av sötsaker. Vad gäller tandvårdsvanor var det 70 % som inte besökte tandläkaren regelbundet. Slutsats: Respondenterna hade relativt goda munhygien- och kostvanor men dåliga tandvårdsvanor.The lack of a functioning dental care system in Kosovo and preventive actions affects the oral health. Good oral habits and good dietary habits are important to maintain a good oral health. Today there are many children and young people living in Sweden, who originally are from Kosovo; therefore it is interesting to investigate young people's oral hygiene, dietary and dental habits in Kosovo. The aim of the study was to investigate the oral habits, dietary habits and dental care habits among students 16-19 years old in Prishtina, Kosovo. Material and methods: The study is a quantitative empirical study. A questionnaire including 17 questions was conducted at two selected secondary schools in Prishtina, Kosovo. A total of 150 students participated. The results showed that more than half of the respondents brushed their teeth twice a day, morning and evening with toothbrush and toothpaste, and about 80 % of the respondents used proximal devices. Less than half of the respondents (43 %) consumed five meals a day and most of the respondents ate breakfast, lunch and dinner daily. The respondents had a high intake of sweets. Regarding dental care habits, 70 % of the respondents did not visit the dentist regularly. Conclusion: The respondents had relatively good oral habits and dietary habits but had bad dental care habits.
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Asiimwe, Jacent Kamuntu. "Dietary intake and nutritional status of University of Wisconsin-Stout students living off and on the campus". Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008asiimwej.pdf.
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Chan, Wai-kei Victoria. "Dietary behaviour and body mass index in Hong Kong school children". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b39724001.
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Ball, Mary Catherine. "Television viewing habits, body mass index, dietary behaviors and physical activity among university students". Click here to access dissertation, 2006. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/summer2006/mary%5Fc%5Fball/ball%5Fmary%5Fc%5F200605%5Fmph.pdf.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia Southern University, 2006."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Public Health" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).
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Walters, Catherine F. "How prophysical fitness and pronutrition television programming affects children's exercise and dietary habits (awareness)". Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1986. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Irvine, Benjamin Titus [Verfasser]. "An Isotopic Analysis of Dietary Habits in Early Bronze Age Anatolia / Benjamin Titus Irvine". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130656675/34.
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Hudson, Black Staria. "Effect of Healthy Food Demonstration on Minority Women's Dietary Habits in San Antonio, Texas". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2357.
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Obesity has become a global epidemic. Healthcare cost continues to increase due to co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease associated with obesity. The purpose of this project was to examine whether teaching nutritious food choices to obese African American and Hispanic females in healthy cooking demonstrations would have an effect on their dietary behavior. The holistic self-care model was used to develop healthy strategies for weight loss. The model guided the development of nutritional support, exercise, and spiritual strategies for weight reduction. African American and Hispanic females between the ages of 25 to 64 were solicited from a local faith-based organization. Criteria for inclusion were a BMI greater or equal to 30, completion of a pre- and post- 24-hour dietary journal, and a pre- and post- Mediterranean diet assessment survey. Women had to participate in 3 out of 4 cooking demonstration classes. Ten participants met the full criteria for inclusion in the data. The results of the participants' responses were totaled and a percentage value was determined for each question. Comparison of the percentages between the 2 surveys showed no change in the participants' dietary habits, except in the area of red meat consumption, which decreased by 40%. The participants' mean BMI pre-survey was 37.92 and 37.80 post-survey. Lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes have the potential to decrease the obesity rate. The positive impact of the cooking demonstrations on African American and Hispanic families includes a potential decrease in comorbidities associated with obesity. A healthy future for these population groups will depend on the health of their children, and social change can occur if children adopt the healthy lifestyle behaviors of the adults in their household.
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Patterson, Emma. "Dietary intakes of Swedish children and adolescents". Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-837-2/.
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Nestel, Penelope S. "Nutrition of Maasai women and children in relation to subsistence food production". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321254.
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Sultan-Khan, Maria-Elena. "An Aboriginal Perspective of the Influences of Food Intake". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31720.
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Background: The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the existing research on the determinants and influential factors of eating decisions made by Aboriginal peoples and provide insight from the perspective of Aboriginal peoples living off-reserve in Ottawa, Ontario. Methods: This study was comprised of a convenience sample of 12 Aboriginal individuals from a local Aboriginal community centre. Participants were asked to conduct a personal food diary of their meals for a period of 3 days, followed by a one-on-one semi-structured interview. The interviews were designed to explore: 1) knowledge and perspectives of healthy eating 2) knowledge and perspectives of Health Canada’s Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide – First Nations, Inuit and Métis, 3) perception of influential factors 4) self-efficacy and 5) common barriers in making food choices. Results: 1) Except for the senior participants, healthy food knowledge did not translate into healthy food choices for most participants; 2) Most participants had not seen a copy of the Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide – First Nations, Inuit and Métis, and all participants felt they were not influenced by it when making eating decisions; 3) The main themes of influential factors were concluded to be: taste preference, availability, convenience, “had no choice”, health reasons, “easy to make”, low in cost, following a diet or “food schedule,” hunger or thirst, “needed something quick”, nearby location (of store or restaurant), being tired or lazy and being in a routine; 4) Most participants perceived themselves as having control over their eating decisions regardless of situational factors and level of motivation varied between participants; 5) Time, financial constraints, having a busy schedule and being unprepared for meals were identified as possible barriers. Conclusions: Either version of the food guide should be developed into a more flexible and convenient tool such as a mobile application. Local community centres should consider providing workshops in food preparation, and to strengthen skills such as understanding food labels of market foods to ease the transition to living off-reserve. Future Implications: Policy makers at the federal, provincial and municipal levels should work together and strengthen their communication strategies in order to coordinate the development and implementation of future interventions.
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Karam, Helen. "The association of family food environment and lifestyle behavior with dietary habits of Quebec children". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66914.
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This cross-sectional study described the dietary and lifestyle habits of Québec children who are at high risk of overweight. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour recall; physical activity was evaluated using a 7-day physical activity recall. Dietary measures included energy and nutrient intake, junk food, fast food, fruit and vegetable, soft drink and high sugar drink consumption. The family environment correlates included: breakfast skipping, family supper, restaurant foods, television viewing during supper, children's weight, parents' weight, physical activity level and sedentary behaviour. Children who skipped breakfast had lower calcium and fiber intakes, daughters of obese mothers consumed more soft drinks, boys who watched more television during supper had lower fiber intakes, boys who performed more activities consumed less junk food and more fruits and vegetables, while girls who exercised more had lower intakes of fat. This analysis provides insights into correlates of food intake in children.Cette étude transversale a évalué l'alimentation et l'activité physique des enfants Québecois qui sont à risque d'embonpoint. Les donnés ont ete recueillies à l'aide de trois rappels de 24 heures et d'un questionnaire sur l'activité physique. Les mesures diétetiques incluent: l'énergie, les nutriements, junk food, fast food, légumes et fruits, boissons gazeuses, et boissons sucrées. Les facteurs de l'environnement familial qui influencent l'alimentation incluent: sauter le petit déjeuner, souper avec la famille, regarder la télé pendant le souper, le poids des enfants, le poids des parents, l'activité physique et les habitudes sédentaires. Les enfants qui sautent le petit déjeuner ont un apport plus faible en calcium et fibres, les filles de mères obèses consomment plus de boissons gazeuses, les garcons qui regardent la télé frequemment durant le souper ont un apport plus faible en fibres, les garcons plus sportifs ont un apport plus élevé en legumes et fruits et plus faible en junk food, les filles sportives consomment moins de matières grasses. Cette étude a éclairci les determinants de l'alimentation chez les enfants.
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Najmudin, Rosemin. "Education and the dietary habits of Dawoodi Bohra children in the Midlands area of Britain". Thesis, Coventry University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342156.
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Horchidan, Sonia-Florina. "Real-time forecasting of dietary habits and user health using Federated Learning with privacy guarantees". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281366.
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Modern health self-monitoring devices and applications, such as Fitbit and MyFitnessPal, empower users to take concrete actions and set fitness and lifestyle goals based on their recorded trends and statistics. Predicting such trends is beneficial in the road of achieving long-time targets, as the individuals can adjust their diets and habits at any point to guarantee success. The design and implementation of such a system, which also respects user privacy, is the main objective of our work.This application is modelled as a time-series forecasting problem. Given the historical data of users, we aim to predict their eating and lifestyle habits in real-time. We apply the federated learning paradigm to our use-case be- cause of the highly-distributed nature of our data and the privacy concerns of such sensitive recorded information. However, federated learning from het- erogeneous sequences of data can be challenging, as even state-of-the-art ma- chine learning techniques for time-series forecasting can encounter difficulties when learning from very irregular data sequences. Specifically, in the pro- posed healthcare scenario, the machine learning algorithms might fail to cater to users with unique dietary patterns.In this work, we implement a two-step streaming clustering mechanism and group clients that exhibit similar eating and fitness behaviours. The con- ducted experiments prove that learning federatively in this context can achieve very high prediction accuracy, as our predictions are no more than 0.025% far from the ground truth value with respect to the range of each feature. Training separate models for each group of users is shown to be beneficial, especially in terms of the training time, but it is highly dependent on the parameters used for the models and the training process. Our experiments conclude that the configuration used for the general federated model cannot be applied to the clusters of data. However, a decrease in prediction error of more than 45% can be achieved, given the parameters are optimized for each case.Lastly, this work tackles the problem of data privacy by applying state-of- the-art differential privacy techniques. Our empirical study shows that noising the gradients sent to the server is unsuitable for small datasets and cancels out the benefits obtained by prior users’ clustering. On the other hand, noising the training data achieves remarkable results, obtaining a differential privacy level corresponding to an epsilon value of 0.1 with an increase in the observed mean absolute error by a factor of only 0.21.Moderna apparater och applikationer för självövervakning av hälsa, som Fitbit och MyFitnessPal, ger användarna möjlighet att vidta konkreta åtgärder och sätta fitness- och livsstilsmål baserat på deras dokumenterade trender och statistik. Att förutsäga sådana trender är fördelaktigt för att uppnå långtidsmål, eftersom individerna kan anpassa sina dieter och vanor när som helst för att garantera framgång.Utformningen och implementeringen av ett sådant system, som dessutom respekterar användarnas integritet, är huvudmålet för vårt arbete. Denna appli- kation är modellerad som ett tidsserieprognosproblem. Med avseende på an- vändarnas historiska data är målet att förutsäga deras matvanor och livsstilsva- nor i realtid. Vi tillämpar det federerade inlärningsparadigmet på vårt använd- ningsfall på grund av den mycket distribuerade karaktären av vår data och in- tegritetsproblemen för sådan känslig bokförd information. Federerade lärande från heterogena datasekvenser kan emellertid vara utmanande, eftersom även de modernaste maskininlärningstekniker för tidsserieprognoser kan stöta på svårigheter när de lär sig från mycket oregelbundna datasekvenser. Specifikt i det föreslagna sjukvårdsscenariot kan maskininlärningsalgoritmerna misslyc- kas med att förse användare med unika dietmönster.I detta arbete implementerar vi en tvåstegsströmmande klustermekanism och grupperar användare som uppvisar liknande ät- och fitnessbeteenden. De genomförda experimenten visar att federerade lärande i detta sammanhang kan uppnå mycket hög nogrannhet i förutsägelse, eftersom våra förutsägelser in- te är mer än 0,025% ifrån det sanna värdet med avseende på intervallet för varje funktion. Träning av separata modeller för varje grupp användare visar sig vara fördelaktigt, särskilt gällande träningstiden, men det är mycket be- roende av parametrarna som används för modellerna och träningsprocessen. Våra experiment drar slutsatsen att konfigurationen som används för den all- männa federerade modellen inte kan tillämpas på dataklusterna. Dock kan en minskning av förutsägelsefel på mer än 45% uppnås, givet att parametrarna är optimerade för varje fall.Slutligen hanteras problemet med datasekretess genom att tillämpa bästa tillgängliga differentiell integritetsteknik. Vår empiriska studie visar att adde- ra brus till gradienter som skickas till servern är olämpliga för liten data och avbryter fördelarna med tidigare användares kluster. Däremot, genom att ad- dera brus till träningsdata uppnås anmärkningsvärda resultat. En differentierad integritetsnivå motsvarande ett epsilonvärde på 0,1 med en ökning av det ob- serverade genomsnittliga absoluta felet med en faktor på endast 0,21 erhölls.
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Watson, Sarah. "Body composition, resting metabolic rate and dietary habits of lean and non-lean female athletes". Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37252.
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