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1
GĘCA, Michał, Zbigniew CZYŻ i Mariusz SUŁEK. "Diesel engine for aircraft propulsion system". Combustion Engines 169, nr 2 (1.05.2017): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-202.
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Stricter requirements for power in engines and difficulties in fueling gasoline engines at the airport make aircraft engine manufac-turers design new engines capable of combusting fuel derived from JET-A1. New materials used in compression-ignition engines enable weight reduction, whereas the technologies of a Common Rail system, supercharging and 2-stroke working cycle enable us to increasethe power generated by an engine of a given displacement. The paper discusses the parameters of about 40 types of aircraft compression ignition engines. The parameters of these engines are compared to the spark-ignition Rotax 912 and the turboprop. The paper also shows trends in developing aircraft compression-ignition engines.
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Kong, S. C., i R. D. Reitz. "Multidimensional Modeling of Diesel Ignition and Combustion Using a Multistep Kinetics Model". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, nr 4 (1.10.1993): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906775.
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Ignition and combustion mechanisms in diesel engines were studied using the KIVA code, with modifications to the combustion, heat transfer, crevice flow, and spray models. A laminar-and-turbulent characteristic-time combustion model that has been used successfully for spark-ignited engine studies was extended to allow predictions of ignition and combustion in diesel engines. A more accurate prediction of ignition delay was achieved by using a multistep chemical kinetics model. The Shell knock model was implemented for this purpose and was found to be capable of predicting successfully the autoignition of homogeneous mixtures in a rapid compression machine and diesel spray ignition under engine conditions. The physical significance of the model parameters is discussed and the sensitivity of results to the model constants is assessed. The ignition kinetics model was also applied to simulate the ignition process in a Cummins diesel engine. The post-ignition combustion was simulated using both a single-step Arrhenius kinetics model and also the characteristic-time model to account for the energy release during the mixing-controlled combustion phase. The present model differs from that used in earlier multidimensional computations of diesel ignition in that it also includes state-of-the-art turbulence and spray atomization models. In addition, in this study the model predictions are compared to engine data. It is found that good levels of agreement with the experimental data are obtained using the multistep chemical kinetics model for diesel ignition modeling. However, further study is needed of the effects of turbulent mixing on post-ignition combustion.
3
Stelmasiak, Zdzisław. "Application of Alcohols to Dual - Fuel Feeding the Spark-Ignition and Self-Ignition Engines". Polish Maritime Research 21, nr 3 (28.10.2014): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2014-0034.
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Abstract This paper concerns analysis of possible use of alcohols for the feeding of self - ignition and spark-ignition engines operating in a dual- fuel mode, i.e. simultaneously combusting alcohol and diesel oil or alcohol and petrol. Issues associated with the requirements for application of bio-fuels were presented with taking into account National Index Targets, bio-ethanol production methods and dynamics of its production worldwide and in Poland. Te considerations are illustrated by results of the tests on spark- ignition and self- ignition engines fed with two fuels: petrol and methanol or diesel oil and methanol, respectively. Te tests were carried out on a 1100 MPI Fiat four- cylinder engine with multi-point injection and a prototype collector fitted with additional injectors in each cylinder. Te other tested engine was a SW 680 six- cylinder direct- injection diesel engine. Influence of a methanol addition on basic operational parameters of the engines and exhaust gas toxicity were analyzed. Te tests showed a favourable influence of methanol on combustion process of traditional fuels and on some operational parameters of engines. An addition of methanol resulted in a distinct rise of total efficiency of both types of engines at maintained output parameters (maximum power and torque). In the same time a radical drop in content of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas was observed at high shares of methanol in feeding dose of ZI (petrol) engine, and 2-3 fold lower smokiness in case of ZS (diesel) engine. Among unfavourable phenomena, a rather insignificant rise of CO and NOx content for ZI engine, and THC and NOx - for ZS engine, should be numbered. It requires to carry out further research on optimum control parameters of the engines. Conclusions drawn from this work may be used for implementation of bio-fuels to feeding the combustion engines.
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Lin Tay, Kun, Wenbin Yu, Feiyang Zhao i Wenming Yang. "From fundamental study to practical application of kerosene in compression ignition engines: An experimental and modeling review". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, nr 2-3 (8.04.2019): 303–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019841218.
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The use of kerosene in direct injection compression ignition engines is fundamentally due to the introduction of the Single Fuel Concept. As conventional direct injection compression ignition diesel engines are made specifically to use diesel fuel, the usage of kerosene will affect engine emissions and performance due to differences between the fuel properties of kerosene and diesel. As a result, in order for kerosene to be properly and efficiently used in diesel engines, it is needful for the scientific community to know the properties of kerosene, its autoignition and combustion characteristics, as well as its emissions formation behavior under diesel engine operating conditions. Moreover, it is desirable to know the progress made in the development of suitable kerosene surrogates for engine applications as it is a crucial step toward the development of reliable chemical reaction mechanisms for numerical simulations. Therefore, in this work, a comprehensive review is carried out systematically to better understand the characteristics and behavior of kerosene under direct injection compression ignition engine relevant conditions. In this review work, the fuel properties of kerosene are summarized and discussed. In addition, fundamental autoignition studies of kerosene in shock tube, rapid compression machine, fuel ignition tester, ignition quality tester, constant volume combustion chamber, and engine are compiled and evaluated. Furthermore, experimental studies of kerosene spray and combustion in constant volume combustion chambers are examined. Also, the experimental investigations of kerosene combustion and emissions in direct injection compression ignition engines are discussed. Moreover, the development of kerosene surrogates, their chemical reaction mechanisms, and the modeling of kerosene combustion in direct injection compression ignition engines are summarized and talked about. Finally, recommendations are also given to help researchers focus on the areas which are still severely lacking.
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Zhang, G. Q., i D. N. Assanis. "Manifold Gas Dynamics Modeling and Its Coupling With Single-Cylinder Engine Models Using Simulink". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, nr 2 (1.04.2003): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1560708.
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A flexible model for computing one-dimensional, unsteady manifold gas dynamics in single-cylinder spark-ignition and diesel engines has been developed. The numerical method applies an explicit, finite volume formulation and a shock-capturing total variation diminishing scheme. The numerical model has been validated against the method of characteristics for valve flows without combustion prior to coupling with combustion engine simulations. The coupling of the gas-dynamics model with single-cylinder, spark-ignition and diesel engine modules is accomplished using the graphical MATLAB-SIMULINK environment. Comparisons between predictions of the coupled model and measurements shows good agreement for both spark ignition and diesel engines. Parametric studies demonstrating the effect of varying the intake runner length on the volumetric efficiency of a diesel engine illustrate the model use.
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Teoh, Yew Heng, Hishammudin Afifi Huspi, Heoy Geok How, Farooq Sher, Zia Ud Din, Thanh Danh Le i Huu Tho Nguyen. "Effect of Intake Air Temperature and Premixed Ratio on Combustion and Exhaust Emissions in a Partial HCCI-DI Diesel Engine". Sustainability 13, nr 15 (1.08.2021): 8593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158593.
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Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is considered an advanced combustion method for internal combustion engines that offers simultaneous reductions in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions and increased fuel efficiency. The present study examines the influence of intake air temperature (IAT) and premixed diesel fuel on fuel self-ignition characteristics in a light-duty compression ignition engine. Partial HCCI was achieved by port injection of the diesel fuel through air-assisted injection while sustaining direct diesel fuel injection into the cylinder for initiating combustion. The self-ignition of diesel fuel under such a set-up was studied with variations in premixed ratios (0–0.60) and inlet temperatures (40–100 °C) under a constant 1600 rpm engine speed with 20 Nm load. Variations in performance, emissions and combustion characteristics with premixed fuel and inlet air heating were analysed in comparison with those recorded without. Heat release rate profiles determined from recorded in-cylinder pressure depicted evident multiple-stage ignitions (up to three-stage ignition in several cases) in this study. Compared with the premixed ratio, the inlet air temperature had a greater effect on low-temperature reaction and HCCI combustion timing. Nonetheless, an increase in the premixed ratio was found to be influential in reducing nitric oxides emissions.
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Siwale, Lennox. "Effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions characteristics: a comparative study between compression ignition and spark ignition engines". International Journal of Petrochemical Science & Engineering 4, nr 2 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ipcse.2019.04.00104.
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It is agreed by scientists world-wide that continued burning of petroleum oils without intervention is a great threat to the environment. In this study a comparison is made of the extent of emissions produced between diesel and gasoline engines using oxygenated blends. In the gasoline engine 20% methanol -80%, gasoline M20 was used. In the diesel engine, 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel B20 was the test fuel. The gasoline engine was a naturally aspirated Suzuki RS-416 1.6L engine type and the diesel type engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection (TDI). The results obtained were as follows: the NOx emissions increased with an increasing BMEP for Diesel Fuel (DF) but was slightly lower than the blend B20 at 50 and 75 % load; whereas using M20, Nox reduced in reference to gasoline fuel (GF) but was four times higher than that obtained in diesel engine; using B20 diminished the quality of Unburned hydrocarbons (uHc) emissions in diesel engine based on the reference fuel DF. The range of emissions of uHC however was far less in the diesel engine than in the gasoline engine.10-60 ppm and 600 to 700 ppm respectively. The blend M20 reduces uHc more than the GF above 25% brake mean effective pressure (bmep).The formation of Carbon monoxide (CO) was rapid for M20 than GF; emission concentration of CO in B20 increased above DF. Exhaust gases temperature (EGT) was lower for all oxygenated blends, M20 and B20, than neat or pure hydrocarbon (HC) fuels: GF and DF.
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Siwale, Lennox. "Effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions characteristics: a comparative study between compression ignition and spark ignition engines". International Journal of Petrochemical Science & Engineering 4, nr 2 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ipcse.2019.04.00104.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
It is agreed by scientists world-wide that continued burning of petroleum oils without intervention is a great threat to the environment. In this study a comparison is made of the extent of emissions produced between diesel and gasoline engines using oxygenated blends. In the gasoline engine 20% methanol -80%, gasoline M20 was used. In the diesel engine, 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel B20 was the test fuel. The gasoline engine was a naturally aspirated Suzuki RS-416 1.6L engine type and the diesel type engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection (TDI). The results obtained were as follows: the NOx emissions increased with an increasing BMEP for Diesel Fuel (DF) but was slightly lower than the blend B20 at 50 and 75 % load; whereas using M20, Nox reduced in reference to gasoline fuel (GF) but was four times higher than that obtained in diesel engine; using B20 diminished the quality of Unburned hydrocarbons (uHc) emissions in diesel engine based on the reference fuel DF. The range of emissions of uHC however was far less in the diesel engine than in the gasoline engine.10-60 ppm and 600 to 700 ppm respectively. The blend M20 reduces uHc more than the GF above 25% brake mean effective pressure (bmep).The formation of Carbon monoxide (CO) was rapid for M20 than GF; emission concentration of CO in B20 increased above DF. Exhaust gases temperature (EGT) was lower for all oxygenated blends, M20 and B20, than neat or pure hydrocarbon (HC) fuels: GF and DF.
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LONGWIC, Rafał, Gracjana WOŹNIAK i Przemysław SANDER. "Compression-ignition engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen engine acceleration process". Combustion Engines 180, nr 1 (30.03.2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-108.
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The paper presents the results of research consisting in acceleration of a diesel engine powered by diesel and hydrogen. The test stand included a diesel engine 1.3 Multijet, hydrogen cylinders and measuring equipment. Empirical tests included engine testing at idle and at specified speeds on a chassis dynamometer, vehicle acceleration in selected gears from specified initial values of engine revolutions was also tested.. Selected parameters of the diesel fuel combustion and injection process were calculated and analyzed. The paper is a preliminary attempt to determine the possibility of co-power supply to diesel and hydrogen engines.
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Kurczyński, Dariusz, Piotr Łagowski i Saugirdas Pukalskas. "Nitrogen oxides concentrations and heat release characteristics of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA dual-fuel engine running with natural gas and diesel". Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 84, nr 2 (28.06.2019): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol84.art9.
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In the near future, natural gas may become a fuel, which will see increased use in powering internal combustion engines. Due to its properties, it can be used to power spark-ignition engines without major obstacles. Yet using natural gas to power compression-ignition engines proves to be more difficult. One of the possibilities are the dual-fuel compression-ignition engines running with gas fuel and diesel fuel, enabling ignition through compression and combustion of gas fuel. The article presents the heat release characteristics of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA engine powered by compressed natural gas and diesel fuel. Characteristics of heat release are an image of the combustion process. They affect the engine performance indicators. The determined heat release characteristics for a dual-fuel-powered engine were compared with the heat release characteristics for a diesel engine under the same operating conditions. An analysis of heat release characteristics was carried in the scope of their influence on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust of the tested engine. The effect of the relative amount of heat released and the heat release rate during the combustion process in the Perkins 1104D-E44TA engine cylinder running dual-fuel with CNG+diesel on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust, as compared to the values measured when running with diesel fuel only, was demonstrated. Higher share of natural gas in the total amount of energy supplied to the engine cylinders results in greater differences in the course of the combustion process and result in a greater reduction in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust of the tested engine.
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Yang, Seamoon, i Changhee Lee. "Exhaust Gas Characteristics According to the Injection Conditions in Diesel and DME Engines". Applied Sciences 9, nr 4 (14.02.2019): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040647.
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In this paper, the effect of high-pressure injection pressure on particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is discussed. Many studies have been conducted by active researchers on high-pressure engines; however, the problem of reducing PM and NOx emissions is still not solved. Therefore, in the existing diesel (compression ignition) engines, the common rail high-pressure injection system has limitations in reducing PM and NOx emissions. Accordingly, to solve the exhaust gas emission problem of a compression ignition engine, a compression ignition engine using an alternative fuel is discussed. This study was conducted to optimize the dimethyl ether (DME) engine system, which can satisfy the emission gas exhaust requirements that cannot be satisfied by the current common rail diesel compression ignition engine in terms of efficiency and exhaust gas using DME common rail compression ignition engine. Based on the results of this study on diesel and DME engines under common rail conditions, the changes in engine performance and emission characteristics of exhaust gases with respect to the injection pressure and injection rate were examined. The emission characteristics of NOx, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were affected by the injection pressure of pilot injection. Under these conditions, the exhaust gas characteristics were optimized when the pilot injection period and needle lift were varied.
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Savelyev, G. S., i D. V. Degtyarеv. "Comparative technical and economical parameters of gas diesel and gas-spark-ignited converted diesels to run on CNG". Traktory i sel hozmashiny 79, nr 4 (15.04.2012): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-69370.
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On the basis of experimental input data the commercial efficiency of conversion of automotive diesels in gas-diesel and gas-spark-ignition engines is calculated. Analysis of both options' performance is given, taking into account the load factor of engine.
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Kovalov, Serhii. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF GAS ENGINE, CONVERTED ON THE BASIS OF DIESELS D-120 OR D-144 ENGINES TO WORK FOR ON LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS". Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, nr 3 (259) ’ 2019 (17.10.2019): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-3-259-2-8.
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The expediency of using vehicles of liquefied petroleum gas as a motor fuel, as com-pared with traditional liquid motor fuels, in particular with diesel fuel, is shown. The advantages of converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition with respect to conversion into gas diesel engines are substantiated. The analysis of methods for reducing the compression ratio in diesel engines when converting them into gas ICEs with forced ignition has been carried out. It is shown that for converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition, it is advisable to use the Otto thermo-dynamic cycle with a decrease in the geometric degree of compression. The choice is grounded and an open combustion chamber in the form of an inverted axisymmetric “truncated cone” is developed. The proposed shape of the combustion chamber of a gas internal combustion engine for operation in the LPG reduces the geometric compression ratio of D-120 and D-144 diesel engines with an unseparated spherical combustion chamber, which reduces the geometric compression ratio from ε = 16,5 to ε = 9,4. The developed form of the combustion chamber allows the new diesel pistons or diesel pistons which are in operation to be in operation to be refined, instead of making special new gas pistons and to reduce the geometric compression ratio of diesel engines only by increasing the combustion chamber volume in the piston. This method of reducing the geometric degree of compression using conventional lathes is the most technologically advanced and cheap, as well as the least time consuming. Keywords: self-propelled chassis SSh-2540, wheeled tractors, diesel engines D-120 and D-144, gas engine with forced ignition, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compression ratio of the internal com-bustion engine, vehicles operating in the LPG.
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Mustafa Ali, Mohamed, i Sabir Mohamed Salih. "Factors Affecting Performance of Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engines". Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (sierpień 2013): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.217.
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Compression Ignition Diesel Engine use Diesel as conventional fuel. This has proven to be the most economical source of prime mover in medium and heavy duty loads for both stationary and mobile applications. Performance enhancements have been implemented to optimize fuel consumption and increase thermal efficiency as well as lowering exhaust emissions on these engines. Recently dual fueling of Diesel engines has been found one of the means to achieve these goals. Different types of fuels are tried to displace some of the diesel fuel consumption. This study is made to identify the most favorable conditions for dual fuel mode of operation using Diesel as main fuel and Gasoline as a combustion improver. A single cylinder naturally aspirated air cooled 0.4 liter direct injection diesel engine is used. Diesel is injected by the normal fuel injection system, while Gasoline is carbureted with air using a simple single jet carburetor mounted at the air intake. The engine has been operated at constant speed of 3000 rpm and the load was varied. Different Gasoline to air mixture strengths investigated, and diesel injection timing is also varied. The optimum setting of the engine has been defined which increased the thermal efficiency, reduced the NOx % and HC%.
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Kuleshov, A. S., V. A. Markov, V. V. Furman i S. V. Plakhov. "Computational study of the diesel fuel ignition dose effecting the gas-diesel engine operation process". Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, nr 12 (753) (grudzień 2022): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-12-87-106.
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Relevance of the article is determined by the need to replace petroleum diesel fuel with motor fuels obtained from the alternative raw materials. Natural gas is considered as the promising alternative fuel. Using the DIESEL-RK software package, computational studies were made of the diesel fuel ignition dose effect on the operation process of the 6 ChN 31.8/33 locomotive gas-diesel engine. The engine diesel and its gas-diesel cycles with the ignition dose of diesel fuel equal to 5, 10, 15 and 20% were determined. Differences in the efficiency values ??of the diesel engine under study with alteration in the diesel fuel ignition dose were not exceeding 2.7%. Diesel engine conversion to the gas-diesel cycle made it possible to significantly reduce the smoke from exhaust gases (to 90%), as well as the specific mass emissions with the exhaust gases of nitrogen oxides (to 18%) and carbon dioxide (to 23%). Expediency of changing the diesel fuel ignition dose of a gas-diesel engine with alteration in the speed and load modes of its operation was noted.
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Saeed, M. N., i N. A. Henein. "Combustion Phenomena of Alcohols in C. I. Engines". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, nr 3 (1.07.1989): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240273.
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A study was conducted on a direct-injection, single-cylinder, research-type diesel engine to determine the effect of adding ethanol or isopropanol to diesel fuel on the ignition delay period. The test parameters were alcohol content, intake-air properties, and fuel-air ratio. It was found that the ignition delay of alcohol-diesel blends is prolonged as the alcohol content is increased. Ethanol-diesel blends developed longer ignition delays than those developed by isopropanol-diesel blends. The results showed that ignition delay of alcohol-diesel blends can be effectively shortened using intake-air preheating and/or supercharging. The high activation energy of alcohols with respect to diesel fuel is believed to be responsible for the long ignition delays associated with the use of alcohols as alternate fuels in compression ignition engines.
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Vallejo Maldonado, Pablo Ramon, Sergey Devyanin, Vladimir Markov, Vsevolod Neverov, Matvey Shlenov i Larisa Spiridonova. "Bio-fuel ignition delay research". E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 06025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339006025.
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The relevance of this study is due to the need to replace petroleum diesel fuel with motor fuels obtained from alternative raw materials. Rapeseed oil and ethyl alcohol are considered as promising alternative fuels. The use of these biofuels as a motor fuel makes it possible to solve the problem of reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and switch to carbon-neutral energy. The possibility of using mixtures of these fuels as motor fuel for a diesel engine is considered. Poor flammability of these fuels in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine was noted. The created installation allowing to carry out experimental studies of the ignition delay period of various fuels for diesel engines in the conditions of the engine stand is described. Four types of fuel were studied at this installation – petroleum diesel fuel, rapeseed oil, an emulsion of rapeseed oil and ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 90:10 and an emulsion of rapeseed oil and ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 70:30. The kinetic constants of ignition of these fuels have been determined. A significant dependence of the duration of the ignition delay period on the type of fuel used was noted.
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Jamrozik, Arkadiusz, Wojciech Tutak i Karol Grab-Rogaliński. "An Experimental Study on the Performance and Emission of the diesel/CNG Dual-Fuel Combustion Mode in a Stationary CI Engine". Energies 12, nr 20 (12.10.2019): 3857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203857.
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One of the possibilities to reduce diesel fuel consumption and at the same time reduce the emission of diesel engines, is the use of alternative gaseous fuels, so far most commonly used to power spark ignition engines. The presented work concerns experimental research of a dual-fuel compression-ignition (CI) engine in which diesel fuel was co-combusted with CNG (compressed natural gas). The energy share of CNG gas was varied from 0% to 95%. The study showed that increasing the share of CNG co-combusted with diesel in the CI engine increases the ignition delay of the combustible mixture and shortens the overall duration of combustion. For CNG gas shares from 0% to 45%, due to the intensification of the combustion process, it causes an increase in the maximum pressure in the cylinder, an increase in the rate of heat release and an increase in pressure rise rate. The most stable operation, similar to a conventional engine, was characterized by a diesel co-combustion engine with 30% and 45% shares of CNG gas. Increasing the CNG share from 0% to 90% increases the nitric oxide emissions of a dual-fuel engine. Compared to diesel fuel supply, co-combustion of this fuel with 30% and 45% CNG energy shares contributes to the reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, which increases after exceeding these values. Increasing the share of CNG gas co-combusted with diesel fuel, compared to the combustion of diesel fuel, reduces carbon dioxide emissions, and almost completely reduces carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas of a dual-fuel engine.
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Mahgoub, Bahaaddein K. M., Suhaimi Hassan i Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman. "Effect of H2 and CO Content in Syngas on the Performance and Emission of Syngas-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine - A Review". Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (listopad 2014): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.648.
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In this review, a series of research papers on the effects of hydrogen and carbon monoxide content in syngas composition on the performance and exhaust emission of compression ignition diesel engines, were compiled. Generally, the use of syngas in compression ignition (CI) diesel engine leads to reduce power output due to lower heating value when compared to pure liquid diesel mode. Therefore, variation in syngas composition, especially hydrogen and carbon monoxide (Combustible gases), is suggested to know the appropriate syngas composition. Furthermore, the simulated model of syngas will help to further explore the detailed effects of engine parameters on the combustion process including the ignition delay, combustion duration, heat release rate and combustion phasing. This will also contribute towards the efforts of improvement in performance and reduction in pollutants’ emissions from CI diesel engines running on syngas at dual fuel mode. Generally, the database of syngas composition is not fully developed and there is still room to find the optimum H2 and CO ratio for performance, emission and diesel displacement of CI diesel engines.
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Kossov, E. E., V. V. Asabin, A. G. Silyuta, A. N. Zhuravlev i L. E. Kossova. "Some aspects of the use of natural gas motor fuel in diesel locomotives". VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 79, nr 5 (10.11.2020): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2020-79-5-301-309.
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Due to the increase in the cost of diesel fuel, much attention is paid to the use of alternative types of fuel on diesel locomotives. Variants of using fuel obtained from coal, plants, gas fields and hydrogen are considered. Natural gas is the cheapest and most accessible today. The use of specially designed gas-piston engines on diesel locomotives, operating when the gas-air mixture is ignited from an external source, is the most attractive option. However, this approach has certain disadvantages:• it is necessary to create a new engine, since the modernization of existing engines requires serious structural changes;• gas piston engine operates essentially according to the Otto cycle and has lower efficiency and power indicators as compared to a diesel engine;• when modernizing existing diesel locomotives, switching to the Otto cycle excludes the possibility of using diesel fuel.Conversion of diesel locomotives to gas fuel must be carried out using the gas-diesel cycle. This approach is most acceptable for the modernization of diesel locomotives of the existing fleet, since it preserves the thermal performance of the engine and makes it possible to transfer diesel locomotives back to operation on diesel fuel. The main obstacle to the transfer of diesel locomotives to the gas-diesel cycle is the low degree of replacement of diesel fuel with gas. This circumstance is determined by the significant difficulties in ensuring the operation of the engine in the gas-diesel cycle at low loads and idling. It is necessary to ensure a stable supply of ignition fuel in these modes and guaranteed ignition of the gas-air mixture from it. The solution to this problem is ensured by maintaining a given stoichiometric ratio in the gas-air mixture and a temperature sufficient to ignite the ignition portion of the fuel.The main way to regulate the stoichiometric ratio is to reduce the amount of air entering the cylinders by throttling it at the engine inlet. This article discusses the methodology for calculating the performance of the engine when throttling the air inlet.
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G. Shatrov, Mikhail, Vladimir V. Sinyavski, Andrey Yu. Dunin, Ivan G. Shishlov, Andrey V. Vakulenko i Andrey L. Yakovenko. "Using Simulation for Development of The Systems of Automobile Gas Diesel Engine and its Operation Control". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 2.28 (16.05.2018): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.28.12947.
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The work was aimed at the development of gas supply, diesel fuel supply and electronic control systems for automobile gas diesel engines. Different ways of diesel engine conversion to operate on natural gas were analyzed. Gas diesel process with minimized ignition portion of diesel fuel injected by the CR system was selected. Electronic engine control and modular gas feed systems which can be used on high- and middle-speed gas diesel engines were developed. Diesel CR fuel supply system was developed in cooperation with the industrial partner. Simulation was used to obtain basic parameters and control methods of these systems. The base diesel engine was converted into gas diesel engine using the systems developed. Bench tests of the gas diesel engine demonstrated a high share of diesel fuel substitution with gas, high fuel efficiency and large decrease of NOх and СО2 emissions.
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Teoh, Y. H., H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, Muhammad Afifi Amalina i H. G. How. "Effect of Premixed Diesel Fuel on Partial HCCI Combustion Characteristics". Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (październik 2014): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.26.
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This study investigated the effects of premixed diesel fuel on the auto-ignition characteristics in a light duty compression ignition engine. A partial homogeneous chargecompression ignition (HCCI) engine was modified from a single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection compression ignition engine. The partial HCCI is achieved by injecting diesel fuel into the intake port of the engine, while maintaining diesel fuel injected in cylinder for combustion triggering. The auto-ignition of diesel fuel has been studied at various premixed ratios from 0 to 0.60, under engine speed of 1600 rpm and 20Nm load. The results for performance, emissions and combustion were compared with those achieved without premixed fuel. From the heat release rate (HRR) profile which was calculated from in-cylinder pressure, it is clearly observed that two-stage and three-stage ignition were occurred in some of the cases. Besides, the increases of premixed ratio to some extent have significantly reduced in NO emission.
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Kaisan, Muhammad Usman, Ibrahim Umar Ibrahim i Dhinesh Balasubramanian. "ENVIRONMENTAL AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BINARY AND TERNARY BLEND RATIOS OF BIODIESEL ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE". FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, nr 3 (3.11.2021): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0503-674.
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Despite the dependable attempts by researchers in the field of sustainable fuels, engines, and emissions, there is a research gap in the area of variations of biodiesel blend ratios with specific fuel consumption of a compression ignition engine as well as the brake thermal efficiency of engines. Therefore, this article has investigated how the blending ratio of biodiesel from jatropha, neem and cotton seeds oil mixed with petrol diesel affects the brake specific fuel consumption of a compression ignition engine and likewise the brake thermal efficiency of the binary and multi-blends of biodiesel with diesel. Three different biodiesel samples were blended with diesel; the biodiesel was achieved through an alkali transesterification reaction. The blending was done for each biodiesel with diesel alone, and that of mixed biodiesel blends with fossil diesel in a definite ratio. The blends were run on a stationary four-cylinder compression ignition engine with an exhaust analyzer to detect CO, NOx, and exhaust temperature ranges. It was recorded that, the combustion of the blends at an engine speed of 1500 rpm, between the Jatropha blend ratios 25 to 30 %, the brake specific fuel consumptions (bsfc) decrease further as against the initial trend shown at 1000 rpm. At 2000 rpm engine speed, the Neem, as well as the mixed biodiesel blends, show entirely different patterns. 25% Jatropha blend gives the best overall performance
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Shatrov, Mikhail, Aleksej Khatchiyan, Vladimir Sinyavskiy, Ivan Shishlov i Andrey Vakulenko. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL GAS ENGINE PARAMETERS WITH QUALITY AND QUANTITY CONTROL". Agricultural Engineering 46, nr 1 (10.09.2014): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ageng.2014.008.
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Parameters of natural gas engines were calculated with the aim to determine the optimal way of their working process organization. Analysis of calculations results demonstrated that quality power level control ensured the improvement of parameters of investigated engines. Calculations showed that compared with the diesel engine, the gas engine with quantity power level control, internal mixture formation and glow plug ignition of the gas-air mixture ensured the decrease of СО2 emissions by 26.8%, and the natural gas engine with quality power level control, external mixture formation and gas-air mixture ignition by a small pilot portion of fine atomized diesel fuel supplied by a Common Rail fuel system – by 25.5%. Therefore, one can choose one or another method of diesel engine conversion for operation on gas fuel considering available technical opportunities and with minimal expenses.
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Shenghua, Liu, Zhou Longbao, Wang Ziyan i Ren Jiang. "Combustion characteristics of compressed natural gas/diesel dual-fuel turbocharged compressed ignition engine". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, nr 9 (1.09.2003): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700321700909.
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The combustion characteristics of a turbocharged natural gas and diesel dual-fuelled compression ignition (CI) engine are investigated. With the measured cylinder pressures of the engine operated on pure diesel and dual fuel, the ignition delay, effects of pilot diesel and engine load on combustion characteristics are analysed. Emissions of HC, CO, NOx and smoke are measured and studied too. The results show that the quantity of pilot diesel has important effects on the performance and emissions of a dual-fuel engine at low-load operating conditions. Ignition delay varies with the concentration of natural gas. Smoke is much lower for the developed dual-fuel engine under all the operating conditions.
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Vershina, G. A., i O. S. Bystrenkov. "Influence of Diesel Fuel Ignition Portion Value on Working Process Parameters of Gas-Diesel Engine". Science & Technique 18, nr 5 (14.10.2019): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-5-395-400.
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More and more requirements are imposed to engines of internal combustion due to the passage of time. These requirements are caused by the necessity to save fuel, to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, to improve operational reliability, to reduce size and cost of spent materials, weight, noise level, to simplify manufacturing and operational processes. Use of gas as a fuel in the cities where number of engines is extremely large can significantly reduce environmental pollution. Some countries have separate environmental programs that encourage transfer of engines from gasoline to gas. At present, however, the use of gas engines in road transport is limited due to a number of technical and operational problems. Mathematical calculations and simulations are applied in order to solve this task and prevent possible problems in a manufactured. As part of the research to establish an influence of the diesel fuel ignition portion value in a gas-diesel engine on parameters of its operational process, it is necessary to develop an appropriate calculation method. In this regard, an analysis of methods and programs for calculation of the operational engine process has been carried out, and a method for calculation of an operational process for a gas-diesel engine has been developed in the paper. A computational study has been made in accordance with the developed methodology. The paper has revealed an influence of the diesel fuel ignition portion value on effective and environmental performance of an engine operation. The calculation has been performed for a nominal mode of the engine operation, gas fuel – propane-butane. Design parameters of a ГД-243-engine have been taken as initial data for the calculation. The following dependences have been established: as a diesel fuel ignition portion is increasing (replacement proportion of gas fuel with diesel), there is some decrease in engine power, and under the accepted conditions, there is an increase in CO2 with a decrease in CO and NO.
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Shatrov, Mikhail, Aleksej Khatchiyan, Vladimir Sinyavskiy, Ivan Shishlov i Andrey Vakulenko. "ANALYSIS OF CALCULATED CYCLES PARAMETERS IN CASE OF NATURAL GAS SUPPLY AND DIESEL ENGINE". Agricultural Engineering 46, nr 1 (10.09.2014): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ageng.2014.007.
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The paper is dedicated to comparative analysis of cycles of engines supplied with natural gas having diesel compression ratio and quality power control with the basic diesel engine cycle. Two types of gas engines were investigated: with internal mixture formation and glow plug air-gas mixture ignition; with external mixture formation and air-gas mixture ignition with the help of pilot diesel fuel injection. Calculation results by external speed characteristics demonstrated that the gas engines were at least as good as the base diesel engines as regards to power and fuel efficiency. At the same time they have lower mechanical and thermal loads and considerably lower СО2 emissions.
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Nutu, Nikolaos Cristian, Constantin Pana, Alexandru Dobre, Niculae Negurescu i Alexandru Cernat. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Fuelling a Truck Diesel Engine with Liquefied Petroleum Gas". Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (styczeń 2016): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.198.
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The increasing price of the fuels and tightening of the pollution rules requires the use of some efficient fuelling methodes with altenative fuels for diesel engines. Fuelling with LPG of a diesel engine is a viable sollution, considering that it can be used the infrastructure for distribution and storage already used for spark ignition engines. In this work are presented results of theoretical and experimental investigations of a truck diesel engine fuelled with LPG by diesel-LPG methode. The main objective research is the decrease of the nitric oxides emissions with the premise that the engine power is maintained at the same level like in the case of the standard engine, fuelled only with diesel fuel.
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S, Karthikeyan, Arif Senol Sener i Bothichandar T. "Environmental Emission Validation Analysis Using a Dual-Fuel Engine". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (25.08.2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9852220.
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The research work presents the results of testing using an internal combustion engine ignition/compression using diesel and LPG mixtures without preheating. The energy performance of regulated brake emissions and changes in fuel consumption for a compression ignition engine is investigated in this study. It is assured that the engine's operation is not harmed as a result of the installation of this mix. The engine produces torque and power when it is working according to the design parameters. In tests with these combinations, results with a thermal efficiency of 10% were obtained, which was higher than the 5% obtained in diesel tests. It is used in compression ignition engines to offer a fuel source for the generation of electrical energy.
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Daminov, O., O. Khushnaev, A. Yangibaev i G. Kucharenok. "IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF DIESEL ENGINES BY ENHANCING THE COOLING SYSTEM". Technical science and innovation 2020, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.20.1-77-0052.
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The article deals with the improvement of the performance of diesel engines by improving the cooling system. It is indicated that there is a number of problems that arise when converting an engine with spark ignition to natural gas. The increase of thermal stress of the engine is illustrated. As a result of researching of features of the parameters and characteristics of a gas-powered automobile engine and optimization of its temperature regime, a very actual scientific and practical task is determined. The engine with the spark ignition installed on the microbus working on the diesel and gas is presented. The results of the spark-ignition engine research on gaseous fuel are presented. The following recommendations are given: to analyze the design features of gas engines; analyze the principles of operation of modern engine cooling systems; to conduct a theoretical study of the engine cooling system of gas buses and minibuses, which would allow to identify the causes leading to an increase in the thermal stress of engine parts when converted to gas fuel, which consists in the specificity and features of the working process; suggest ways to improve the cooling system of gas engines; to develop and propose options for improving the cooling system of gas engines, which will reduce the cooling temperature from 120 to 90 °C.
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Bhiogade, Girish, i Jiwak Suryawanshi. "A comparative experimental study on engine operating on premixed charge compression ignition and compression ignition mode". Thermal Science 21, nr 1 Part B (2017): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci140814087b.
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New combustion concepts have been recently developed with the purpose to tackle the problem of high emissions level of traditional direct injection Diesel engines. A good example is the premixed charge compression ignition combustion. A strategy in which early injection is used causing a burning process in which the fuel burns in the premixed condition. In compression ignition engines, soot (particulate matter) and NOx emissions are an extremely unsolved issue. Premixed charge compression ignition is one of the most promising solutions that combine the advantages of both spark ignition and compression ignition combustion modes. It gives thermal efficiency close to the compression ignition engines and resolves the associated issues of high NOx and particulate matter, simultaneously. Premixing of air and fuel preparation is the challenging part to achieve premixed charge compression ignition combustion. In the present experimental study a diesel vaporizer is used to achieve premixed charge compression ignition combustion. A vaporized diesel fuel was mixed with the air to form premixed charge and inducted into the cylinder during the intake stroke. Low diesel volatility remains the main obstacle in preparing premixed air-fuel mixture. Exhaust gas re-circulation can be used to control the rate of heat release. The objective of this study is to reduce exhaust emission levels with maintaining thermal efficiency close to compression ignition engine.
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Falbo, Luigi, i Ernesto Ramundo. "Performance Analysis of a Biodiesel-Fired Engine for Cogeneration". E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131208013.
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The continuous demand to reduce both the pollutant emissions and the greenhouse gas (GHG) is increasing the use of alternative fuels as biodiesel in direct-injection compression ignition engines under combined heat and power (CHP) configuration. Although the biodiesel has different thermophysical properties compared to the standard diesel, it can be used in compression ignition engines without significant modifications. However, the pure biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends provide different performance and combustion characteristics with respect to the standard diesel engine. In order to estimate the behaviour of a micro-CHP system fuelled with biodiesel, a zero dimensional (0D) numerical model was development. This model is based on a single zone model and predicts the behaviour of a biodiesel/diesel blend-fired engine at full and partial load in terms of electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. Notwithstanding the biodiesel/diesel blend reveals lower performance in terms of electric and thermal efficiencies, can be used in CHP systems preserving the environmental sustainability avoiding significant modifications in the engine architecture.
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Samuel J, Jensen, i Ramesh A. "A physics-based model for real-time prediction of ignition delays of multi-pulse fuel injections in direct-injection diesel engines". International Journal of Engine Research 21, nr 3 (7.06.2018): 540–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418776876.
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Real-time prediction of in-cylinder combustion parameters is very important for robust combustion control in any internal combustion engine. Very little information is available in the literature for modeling the ignition delay period of multiple injections that occur in modern direct-injection diesel engines. Knowledge of the ignition delay period in diesel engines with multiple injections is of primary interest due to its impact on pressure rise during subsequent combustion, combustion noise and pollutant formation. In this work, a physics-based ignition delay prediction methodology has been proposed by suitably simplifying an approach available in the literature. The time taken by the fuel-spray tip to reach the liquid length is considered as the physical delay period of any particular injection pulse. An equation has been developed for predicting the saturation temperature at this location based on the temperature and pressure at the start of injection. Thus, iterative procedures are avoided, which makes the methodology suitable for real-time engine control. The chemical delay was modeled by assuming a global reaction mechanism while using the Arrhenius-type equation. Experiments were conducted on a fully instrumented state-of-the-art common-rail diesel engine test facility for providing inputs to develop the methodology. The thermodynamic condition before the main injection was obtained by modeling the pilot combustion phase using the Wiebe function. Thus, the ignition delays of both pilot and main injections could be predicted based on rail pressure, injection timing, injection duration, manifold pressure and temperature which are normally used as inputs to the engine control unit. When the methodology was applied to predict the ignition delays in three different common-rail diesel engines, the ignition delays of pilot and main combustion phases could be predicted within an error band of ±25, ±50 and ±80 µs, respectively, without further tuning. This method can hence be used in real-time engine controllers and hardware-in-the-loop systems.
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Şahin, Yiğit Serkan. "A Review on the Ignition Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in Diesel Engines". International Conference on Recent Academic Studies 1 (12.05.2023): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icras.694.
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This review study was gathered from the results of various papers performed on the use ofdimethyl ether as a fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. Several methods are applied for the reduction ofthe polluting emissions emitted from diesel engines. The first method for the reducing of hazardousemissions is improved the combustion by the modification of engine design and fuel injection system, butthis is expensive and time consuming process. The second method is the using of various exhaust gasdevices i.e. catalytic converters and diesel particulate filters. However, it is determined that the use of thesedevices affects diesel engine performance conversely. The last method to reduce the polluting emissionsand also improve the diesel engine performance is the using of renewable alternative fuels or various fueladditives. Among the various alternative fuels, dimethyl ether (DME) is the pioneer by reason of itsattractive fuel properties such as high cetane number and oxygen content. On the other hand, the physicaland chemical properties of the used fuel play the important role on the injection, ignition and combustioncharacteristics of internal combustion engines (ICEs). Moreover, outputs of ICEs i.e. performance, fuelconsumption and emissions are affected extensively from the ignition, injection and combustioncharacteristics. Therefore, it is essential that the results of studies performed on dimethyl ether are evaluatedtogether to support future researches and practice applications. Especially, this review study investigatesthe effects of using DME on the ignition characteristics.
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Shatrov, Mikhail G., Vladimir V. Sinyavski, Andrey Yu Dunin, Ivan G. Shishlov i Andrey V. Vakulenko. "METHOD OF CONVERSION OF HIGH- AND MIDDLE-SPEED DIESEL ENGINES INTO GAS DIESEL ENGINES". Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 15, nr 3 (9.12.2017): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume171004023s.
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The paper aims at the development of fuel supply and electronic control systems for boosted high- and middle-speed transport engines. A detailed analysis of different ways of converting diesel engine to operate on natural gas was carried out. The gas diesel process with minimized ignition portion of diesel fuel injected by the Common Rail (CR) system was selected. Electronic engine control and modular gas feed systems which can be used both on high- and middle-speed gas diesel engines were developed. Also diesel CR fuel supply systems were developed in cooperation with the industrial partner, namely, those that can be mounted on middle-speed diesel and gas diesel engines. Electronic control and gas feed systems were perfected using modeling and engine tests. The high-speed diesel engine was converted into a gas diesel one. After perfection of the gas feed and electronic control systems, bench tests of the high-speed gas diesel engine were carried out showing a high share of diesel fuel substitution with gas, high fuel efficiency and significant decrease of NOх and СО2 emissions.
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Karagöz, Yasin, i Majid Mohammad Sadeghi. "Electronic control unit development and emissions evaluation for hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engines". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, nr 12 (grudzień 2018): 168781401881407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018814076.
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In this study, it was aimed to operate today’s compression ignition engines easily in dual-fuel mode with a developed electronic control unit. Especially, diesel engines with mechanical fuel system can be easily converted to common-rail fuel system with a developed electronic control unit. Also, with this developed electronic control unit, old technology compression ignition engines can be turned into dual-fuel mode easily. Thus, thanks to the flexibility of engine maps to be loaded into the electronic control unit, diesel engines can conveniently be operated with alternative gas fuels and diesel dual fuel. In particular, hydrogen, an alternative, environmentally friendly, and clean gas fuel, can easily be used with diesel engines by pilot spraying. Software and hardware development of electronic control unit are made, in order to operate a diesel engine with diesel+hydrogen dual fuel. Finally, developed electronic control unit was reviewed on 1500 r/min stable engine speed on different hydrogen energy rates (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% hydrogen) according to thermic efficiency and emissions (CO, total unburned hydrocarbons, NOx, and smoke), and apart from NOx emissions, a significant improvement has been obtained. There was no increased NOx emission on 15% hydrogen working condition; however, on 45% hydrogen working condition, a dramatic increase arose.
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Santhanakrishnan, S., i S. Jose. "Performance and Emission Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Cashew Nut Shell Oil Blends". Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (lipiec 2014): 893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.893.
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This paper presents the properties and application of cashew nut shell oil as blend component for diesel in compression ignition engine. Experimental tests were carried out in a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, compression ignition engine fueled with cashew nut shell oil blends. During the experiments, the performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine was analyzed and compared with the neat diesel fuel performance.
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Nhad K. Frhan Al-Abboodi i Farah Abdulzahra Taher. "Numerical Investigation of Split Injection Strategies and Injector Nozzle Bore Influence on Combustion and Emissions". CFD Letters 15, nr 8 (23.06.2023): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.15.8.5072.
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The power generation mainly depends on fossil diesel fuel, the primary source of harmful emissions and global warming. Therefore, the researcher aims to explore alternative fuels that got greater attention in compression ignition engines. The commercial Diesel-RK software simulates the current numerical study of diesel engine direct injection with speed engine 1500 rpm, compression ratio 17.5, single cylinder, and naturally aspirated. In the basis of the parliamentary research, the literature did not investigate the influence of combustion and emission characteristics of compression ignition engines by using various double and trouble injection strategies along with different injector nozzle bore sizes. Also, the initiative was undertaken to study the effect of the different diesel-biodiesel blends ratio studied, SP20 (80% diesel+20% spirulina), Sp40(60% diesel+40% spirulina), and Sp100(0% diesel +100% spirulina) While the scope of the gap expanded to include a comparison of results with baseline diesel fuel. The results show that MPR increased by 4.2%, maximum gas temperature increased by 8.9%, ignition delay increased by 7.9%, maximum heat release rate decreased by 9.5%, NOx decreased by 7.8%, CO2 decreased by 3.9%, and particularly matter emissions decreased by 6.3% were compared to the double injection scheme , at 0.2 mm(INB)
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Gambino, M., S. Iannaccone i A. Unich. "Heavy-Duty Spark Ignition Engines Fueled With Methane". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, nr 3 (1.07.1991): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906238.
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Pollution reduction in urban areas is a major driving force to upgrade mass transportation systems. Options to the urban planner include electric traction and combustion engine upgrade. Electric traction centralizes the emission source, usually removed from urban areas, but requires substantial capital costs and lead time for the transportation infrastructure. Engine emission improvement is possible through both fuel changes and engine upgrade. Natural gas engines are a viable option for clean-operating urban buses. In the near term, conversion of existing diesel bus engines to spark-ignited natural gas is an attractive solution in terms of capital costs and lead time. This paper contains the analysis required to transform diesel engines into spark-ignited natural gas engines. Experimental data are shown for both a turbocharged and a naturally aspirated conversion. Emission data are presented showing the natural gas conversion to meet present EEC emission requirements.
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Xiao, Helin, Pengfei Zeng, Liangrui Zhao, Zhongzhao Li i Xiaowei Fu. "An experimental study of the combusition and emission performances of 2,5-dimethylfuran diesel blends on a diesel engine". Thermal Science 21, nr 1 Part B (2017): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160526226x.
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Experiments were carried out in a direct injection compression ignition engine fueled with diesel-dimethylfuran blends. The combustion and emission performances of diesel-dimethylfuran blends were investigated under various loads ranging from 0.13 to 1.13 MPa brake mean effective pressure, and a constant speed of 1800 rpm. Results indicate that diesel-dimethylfuran blends have different combustion performance and produce longer ignition delay and shorter combustion duration compared with pure diesel. Moreover, a slight increase of brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency occurs when a Diesel engine operates with blended fuels, rather than diesel fuel. Diesel-dimethylfuran blends could lead to higher NOx emissions at medium and high engine loads. However, there is a significant reduction in soot emission when engines are fueled with diesel-dimethylfuran blends. Soot emissions under each operating conditions are similar and close to zero except for D40 at 0.13 MPa brake mean effective pressure. The total number and mean geometric diameter of emitted particles from diesel-dimethylfuran blends are lower than pure diesel. The tested fuels exhibit no significant difference in either CO or HC emissions at medium and high engine loads. Nevertheless, diesel fuel produces the lowest CO emission and higher HC emission at low loads of 0.13 to 0.38 MPa brake mean effective pressure.
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Uyutov, Sergey Yu, i Zakhid A. Godzhaev. "The use of liquefied petroleum gas as fuel in tractor diesel engines". Tractors and Agricultural Machinery 89, nr 6 (3.04.2023): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-123187.
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BACKGROUND: The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as alternative helps to eliminate a number of drawbacks related to fuel-air ratio. The high-priority problem is development of means and methods of reduction of environment pollution, specifically targeted researches in the field of alternative fuel with minimal harmful emissions into the environment, increase of availability of this technology by means of reducing the costs of adaptation of the fuel injection system of a diesel engine.
AIMS: The main aim of the study is justification of parameters of the diesel engine operating according to gas-diesel cycle with the spark dose ignition.
METHODS: The studies were carried out at the brake bench equipment of the MMZ D-243 diesel engine. The distributed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) supply system with an ignition dose of diesel fuel was tested with automatic change of the gas supply angle and including exhaust gases in the intake manifold in the recycling system. Adaptation of the diesel engine to LPG allows the fuel injection system to operate in both diesel and gas-diesel mode, while the electronic regulation of the diesel fuel supply in the "diesel" mode occurs more accurately and helps to reduce the consumption and final combustion of diesel fuel in the exhaust manifold. The standard equipment for distributed LPG supply widely used for transferring gasoline engines with spark ignition is applied. The chosen domestically made electronic control unit was configured according to the methodology for controlling the gas supply in the cylinders developed in Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM.
RESULTS: The studies showed that the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere decreased in all operation modes of the engine in the gas-diesel mode and complies with the Euro-5 standard. Due to the 2,5 times lower price of LPG compared to diesel fuel, the cost of using LPG as a replacement for diesel fuel in the "gas diesel" mode is reduced by 2530% of the cost of agricultural crops. The use of LPG in gas-diesel engines reduces the cost of agricultural products by 1518%.
CONCLUSIONS: These indicators confirm the relevance of scientific research in the development of the diesel engine adaptation system. The gas-diesel fuel injection system of the engine is the main effective way to reduce diesel fuel costs.
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Zöldy, Máté. "ETHANOL–BIODIESEL–DIESEL BLENDS AS A DIESEL EXTENDER OPTION ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES". TRANSPORT 26, nr 3 (5.10.2011): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2011.623824.
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Increasing fuel demand, decreasing natural reserves and environmental consciousness have together led to testing and implementing new fuels and blending components of compression ignition engines. Biofuels are very commonly added to fossil fuels, mostly ethanol to gasoline and FAME to diesel. Harmonizing their properties with engines is a great challenge for automotive and oil industry. Increasing demand for diesel oil in Europe raised the question about the possibility of increasing the amount of bio extenders. There were and certainly there are a number of experiments aimed at substituting or blending diesel with other fuels. One group of such fuels makes bioethanol– biodiesel–diesel oil mixtures. The paper proposes a global overview on literature and presents the obtained results. The article explores the possibility of using bioethanol–biodiesel–diesel oil mixtures in vehicles and agricultural compression ignition engines. The main aspect of researches was to find blends substitutable for compression ignition engines. Investigations were made to determine the maximum volume of a renewable part thus reaching the same or similar power output with lowering emissions. The received results were used for environmental and economical investigations. The valorisation of the results shows that bioethanol–biodiesel–diesel blends fulfil the cetane number, viscosity and lubricity requirements for standard diesel. Practical measurements and engine tests show that the utilization of a new fuel decreases emissions from the engine. The results of agricultural feedstock calculation indicate that in Hungary the biofuel part of the investigated fuels can be produced from an overflow.
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C, Vijayakumar, Murugesan A, Subramaniam D i Panneerselvam N. "An Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine Fuelled with MgO Nano Additive Biodiesel - Diesel Blends". Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, nr 2 (16.11.2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1924.
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In this experimental investigation compacts the performance and emissions of compression ignition engines fuelled with MgO nano additive, maducaindica bio diesel blends were examined. Based upon the previous literatures only 20% mahuca methyl ester fuel blends without nano additives is suitable for compression ignition engine without affecting engine efficiency and its characteristics. In this paper magnesium oxide nano additives are added into the 40% Mahucaindica biodiesel- diesel blends at the rate of 50ppm for developing the test fuels. In this nano additives improve the properties of diesel fuel like viscosity, calorific value and decreased the flash point and fire point. Then compared the performance and emissions differences of all blended fuels used as a fuel in a diesel engine. The observation of results, 40MgO + 50ppm blended fuels brake thermal efficiency is improved then CO, HC, CO2and smoke decreased compared to other fuel blends. The results are taken into account, a blend of 40MgO+ Mgo50ppm is the best blend ratio compared than other blends with nano additives.
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Chayangkura, C., R. Latorre i D. Charnews. "Experimental Study of Diesel Engine Cycle-to-Cycle Variation—Part I: Analysis of Cycle-to-Cycle Cylinder Pressure Variation". Journal of Ship Research 33, nr 03 (1.09.1989): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1989.33.3.252.
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With the increased use of marine diesel engines, engine-induced vibration has become an important problem. The vibration is caused by engine output variation, which has not been fully documented. In this paper the results of an analysis of the cycle-to-cycle variation in the cylinder pressure of a single-cylinder diesel test engine are presented. Data covering tests with different compression ratio settings and speeds are analyzed in terms of (a) cycle-to-cycle variation in maximum cylinder pressure Pmax and (b) cycle-to-cycle variation in the combustion work, denoted PI. Special tests are made to validate the data acquisition and data reduction system. The validation shows that the cylinder pressure measurements from the test engine run as a spark-ignition engine are in good agreement with published results. Analysis of the diesel engine test measurements show that the coefficient of variation in the diesel engine cylinder pressure is smaller than the spark-ignition engine value. These results also show there is relatively little correlation between the cycle-to-cycle coefficient for variation of the maximum pressure and the corresponding variation in the combustion work, PI.
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Furman, V. V., V. A. Markov i S. V. Plakhov. "Electronic fuel control system of a gas-diesel engine". Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, nr 1 (754) (styczeń 2023): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2023-1-52-62.
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Relevance of the article is caused by the need to replace petroleum diesel fuel with fuels produced from alternative raw materials. Natural gas is considered as a promising alternative fuel. Advantages of using natural gas as the gas motor fuel in the internal combustion engines are shown. Main problems are considered that arise when adapting internal combustion engines to this type of fuel and ways to solve them. Possibility of improving indicators of the fuel efficiency and the exhaust gases toxicity when converting an internal combustion engine to the natural gas is indicated. It is concluded that using the gas-diesel engines running on natural gas and igniting by an ignition dose of the petroleum diesel fuel is a promising solution. The electronic fuel supply control system developed for the gas-diesel engines is described. The technique for calculating the fuel supply by the developed electronic fuel supply control system is provided.
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Noh, Kichol, i Changhee Lee. "Development of an Ignition System and Assessment of Engine Performance and Exhaust Characteristics of a Marine Gas Engine". Sustainability 13, nr 8 (7.04.2021): 4097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084097.
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In recent years, marine engine manufacturers have become increasingly interested in gas engines as an alternative to diesel engines to address rising crude oil prices and environmental regulations. In this study, a 1.6 MW dedicated gas engine was developed based on a diesel engine with bore 220, stroke 300. The developed gas engine had a precombustion chamber and exhibited excellent performance; the brake mean effective pressure was 2.1 MPa at 1000 rpm and NOx emissions were 50 ppm under 15% O2. In particular, it demonstrated excellent fuel economy with a thermal efficiency of 45%, and its carbon dioxide emissions were ~75% of the conventional diesel engines, thus demonstrating greenhouse gas reduction. These results indicate that suitably developed gas engines can provide a low-cost and energy-efficient alternative to diesel engines.
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NATRIASHVILI, Tamaz M., i Revaz Z. KAVTARADZE. "SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE HYDROGEN-DIESEL ENGINE WORKING PROCESS". Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 1, nr 58 (marzec 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2022-1-58-31-36.
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The works related to the research of the problems and prospects of a hydrogen-fueled reciprocating engine, published so far, mainly relate to the use of hydrogen in spark-ignition engines. Developments of BMW, Toyota and other manufacturers are used in production car models. However, despite a number of advantages, serial production of hydrogen-diesel engines does not yet exist. This paper presents some results of the study of the working process features of a hydrogen-diesel engine with direct injection of hydrogen gas, analyzes the problems and prospects of the concept of the hydrogen-diesel engine. The obtained results of 3D modelling of the working process and experimental research prove the prospects and reality of the implementation of the hydrogen-diesel engine concept.
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Willi, M. L., i B. G. Richards. "Design and Development of a Direct Injected, Glow Plug Ignition-Assisted, Natural Gas Engine". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, nr 4 (1.10.1995): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815467.
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Conventional (Otto cycle) natural gas engines are limited in power and thermal efficiency relative to a diesel engine due to detonation and the need to run a nearly stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. Technology is under development to burn natural gas in a direct-injected diesel cycle that is not prone to detonation or air/fuel ratio control limitations. Direct-injected gas (DIG) technology will allow natural gas engines to match the power and thermal efficiency of the equivalent diesel-fueled engine. Laboratory development now under way is targeted for field experimental evaluation of a DIG 3516 engine in a 1500 kW road switcher locomotive. This paper will describe DIG 3516 engine component design and single and multicylinder performance development.
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Ciatti, Steve. "The Gasoline Diesel". Mechanical Engineering 134, nr 09 (1.09.2012): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-sep-2.
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This article evaluates engine efficiency as a step towards improving fuel economy and emissions performance. Diesel engines tend to be very efficient; however, they have an emissions problem. They require complex and expensive equipment to meet pollution mandates. Spark ignition gasoline engines, on the other hand, do a much better job with emissions, but they are inherently less efficient. Thus, the research team at Argonne National Laboratory has decided to look for ways to combine the best characteristics of both. This new system is more like traditional diesel combustion than spark ignition, but uses a gasoline-like fuel and an innovative approach to combustion to minimize emissions. Diesel engines tend to run lean, meaning there is more oxygen in the mix than fuel, which reduces in-cylinder average temperatures. Research shows that gasoline spark engines have fatal efficiency flaws but comply easily and relatively inexpensively with emission requirements. Diesels are more efficient, but carry a heavy penalty for emission compliance. Different research teams’ challenge is to ensure robust, reliable operation during transient operation. The new system’s torque profile is essentially the same as that of a conventional diesel, and it provides excellent performance in the powerband where most people drive.
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Bunev, V. A., A. A. Korzhavin, A. P. Senachin i P. K. Senachin. "Fuel ignition delay in hydrogen diesel". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2233, nr 1 (1.04.2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2233/1/012008.
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Abstract A new mathematical model is considered for modeling the induction period of fuel self-ignition in a hydrogen diesel engine with high-pressure injection equipment. Reconstruction of the macrokinetic equation and numerical modeling of the process of self-ignition of fuel in a hydrogen diesel engine are carried out.