Artykuły w czasopismach: „Diesel Exhaust Treatment”

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HAGGIN, JOSEPH. "Diesel exhaust treatment produces cyanide". Chemical & Engineering News 72, nr 18 (2.05.1994): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v072n018.p022.

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Liang, Peng, Qian Yang Chen i Hai Bo Long. "Research on Perovskite Catalysis for Diesel Engine Exhaust Removal". Advanced Materials Research 937 (maj 2014): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.363.

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Diesel engine emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulates are the major source of air pollution that is a serious threat to human health. Diesel emissions treatment technology meet the increasingly stringent emission standards through the current difficulty and develop a new diesel engine exhausted treatment technology to further reduce the nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions are from diesel engines. In this paper, La1-xAxCo1-yByO3 complex perovskite catalysts for diesel engine exhaust emission purification carry out the relevant research, this article firstly study the perovskite oxide catalyst preparation methods, as the catalyst preparation process are described .Then the activity of the catalyst samples obtain some useful results.

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Zhang, Deman, Lujing Zhang, Juntao Zhao, Bin Li i Peng Deng. "Study on CO emission during DOC assisted DPF regeneration". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2551, nr 1 (1.07.2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2551/1/012019.

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Abstract Diesel particulate filters is the most effective post-treatment device used to reduce diesel exhaust particulate emissions. As the amount of particulate matter captured in the diesel particulate filter continues to increase, the exhaust pressure of the diesel engine gradually increases, thereby affecting the power performance of the diesel engine. Therefore, when the particulate matter capture amount reaches a certain value, the diesel particulate matter filter needs to be regenerated. Regeneration of diesel particulate filters will produce secondary pollution, of which CO is one of the most important secondary pollution. In this paper, the CO generation mechanism and influencing factors in the regeneration process of diesel particulate filters are analyzed. The effects of exhaust pressure and exhaust flow on CO emission during regeneration are measured through experiments. The results show that when the exhaust back pressure is greater than 80kPa, the CO solubility in the exhaust gas increases rapidly, and decreases linearly with the increase of exhaust flow during regeneration. Therefore, in order to reduce the solubility of CO in tail gas during regeneration of diesel particulate filters, the exhaust back pressure shall be less than 80kPa and the exhaust flow shall be as high as possible.

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ŻÓŁTOWSKI, Andrzej. "Influence of after-treatment systems on NO2 emissions in diesel engines". Combustion Engines 170, nr 3 (1.08.2017): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-304.

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The article discusses the results of bench tests that monitor the increase of NO2 emissions in the heavy duty vehicles engines exhausts as a result of the use of particulate matter filters. The use of passive particulate matter filters inevitably leads to an increase in NO2 emissions from the engine. The particularly intensive increase in the emissions occurs when SCR reactors are shut off, which is still a common practice among drivers. NO2 concentrations in exhaust gases of DPF-equipped engines reach concentration dangerous for human health and life. The causes of the NO2 formation in the vehicles’ exhaust systems, the harmfulness of this chemical, and the results of NO2 measurements in different tests, are discussed. In addition, the effect of the presence of this compound on the accuracy of opacity measurement is discussed.

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Chae, J. O. "Non-thermal plasma for diesel exhaust treatment". Journal of Electrostatics 57, nr 3-4 (marzec 2003): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3886(02)00165-1.

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Hayashi, K., T. Inoue i S. Ito. "Exhaust gas treatment devices for diesel engines". Zeolites 11, nr 3 (marzec 1991): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-2449(05)80253-2.

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Diao, Chun Yan, i Jian Feng Li. "Research on Emissions Characteristics and Treatment Technology of Black Carbon for Diesel Vehicle". Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (luty 2014): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.172.

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According to development environment of Diesel vehicle in recent years, emission situation, emission characteristics and treatment technologies of black carbon in diesel vehicle exhaust gas were investigated. Through comparative analysis of existing technologies, strategies and recommendations for resolving black carbon emissions were further presented so as to control or reduce the emissions of black carbon in diesel vehicle exhaust gas.

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Qiao, Xing, Yin Nan Yuan, Xiu Chen, Yong Bin Lai, Ling Ling Cai i Lei Chen. "Research Progress on Control Technology of Diesel Engine NO_X and PM Emissions". Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (sierpień 2014): 1016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1016.

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With the promotion of energy-saving and exhaust reduction policy, the application of diesel engine has been further extended. The formation and harm of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM) were mentioned in detail, which are major pollutants in diesel exhaust. Reviewed the research progress and application of diesel engine exhaust emission control technology, fuel quality improvement, internal purification and after-treatment are introduced separately. Finally, the future development direction of exhaust emission control technology was given combining research situation of diesel engine.

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Jaconis, Susan Y., Theresa M. Culley, Timothy Keener, Alexandra M. Odom, Robert Elam i Marissa S. Liang. "Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust on the Ecophysiology, Growth, and Fecundity of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)". Ohio Journal of Science 121, nr 2 (22.04.2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v121i2.6936.

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Plants growing along roadways are often exposed to vehicle exhaust containing both particulate matter (PM) and various gases that could affect gas exchange and thus plant reproduction. To investigate effects of diesel exhaust exposure on plant ecophysiology, growth, and fecundity, individuals of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) were exposed to either exhaust from a diesel generator or ambient air. Exposure occurred daily over a 5-day period (beginning 18 June 2013) using open-top chambers in an agricultural field in southwestern Ohio, United States. Plants were evaluated at 3 times (before, directly after exposure, and following a 5.5-week post-treatment recovery period) for photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (g), water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal clogging due to PM deposition, and number of nodes. Aboveground biomass, fruit number, mean seed number, and seed mass were measured for soybean after the recovery period. In soybean, A minimally decreased with exposure to diesel exhaust (compared to the control), but an increase in g and a decrease in WUE were detected after the exhaust treatment. Chicory exhibited a relatively low increase in A after the treatment, but there were no clear differences in g or WUE. Growth and fecundity were similar among all soybean plants directly after treatment, but after 5.5 weeks plants exposed to diesel exhaust had increased vegetative biomass while exhibiting no difference in fecundity. These plant species reacted differently to short-term diesel exhaust exposure, suggesting that the impact of diesel exhaust will depend on both the plant species and its physiology.

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Guo, Xiurong, Khanh Hop Ha i Danfeng Du. "Atmospheric Pressure Plasma for Diesel Particulate Matter Treatment: A Review". Catalysts 11, nr 1 (29.12.2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010029.

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The purification of diesel exhaust gas is of great importance to prevent the atmospheric emission of major pollutants such as diesel particulate matter and nitrogen oxides and meet the environmental regulations. The atmospheric-pressure plasma is attracting increasing interest and is a promising after-treatment technology for purifying diesel emission at low temperatures. However, when compared with the numerous publications on nitrogen oxides reduction by non-thermal plasma, using non-thermal plasma to particulate matter treatment have relatively limited. This work provides a comprehensive review of the plasma applications for diesel particulate matter treatment, including self-regenerating diesel particulate filter, diesel particulate matter removal, and simultaneous removal of diesel particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. The treatment of particulate matter from both simulated particulate matter sources and actual diesel engines also discussed in this comprehensive review. The challenge to this technology is limited energy consumption for plasma, which should be less than 5% (~30 J/L) of the overall fuel consumption. Until now, the atmospheric-pressure plasma has been no commercial implementation in diesel exhaust gas treatment, so more research is needed to be done in this field.

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Licki, Janusz, Andrzej Pawelec, Zbigniew Zimek i Sylwia Witman-Zając. "Electron beam treatment of simulated marine diesel exhaust gases". Nukleonika 60, nr 3 (1.09.2015): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0098.

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Abstract The exhaust gases from marine diesel engines contain high SO2 and NOx concentration. The applicability of the electron beam flue gas treatment technology for purification of marine diesel exhaust gases containing high SO2 and NOx concentration gases was the main goal of this paper. The study was performed in the laboratory plant with NOx concentration up to 1700 ppmv and SO2 concentration up to 1000 ppmv. Such high NOx and SO2 concentrations were observed in the exhaust gases from marine high-power diesel engines fuelled with different heavy fuel oils. In the first part of study the simulated exhaust gases were irradiated by the electron beam from accelerator. The simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx were obtained and their removal efficiencies strongly depend on irradiation dose and inlet NOx concentration. For NOx concentrations above 800 ppmv low removal efficiencies were obtained even if applied high doses. In the second part of study the irradiated gases were directed to the seawater scrubber for further purification. The scrubbing process enhances removal efficiencies of both pollutants. The SO2 removal efficiencies above 98.5% were obtained with irradiation dose greater than 5.3 kGy. For inlet NOx concentrations of 1700 ppmv the NOx removal efficiency about 51% was obtained with dose greater than 8.8 kGy. Methods for further increase of NOx removal efficiency are presented in the paper.

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Gujarathi, Mr Pratik. "Particulate Matter and NOx Exhaust After Treatment Systems". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 8 (31.08.2022): 1911–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46545.

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It is today undoubted that humans have to reduce their impact on the environment. Internal combustion engines, being the major power source in the transportation sector as well as in individual transport, play an important role in the man-made emissions. While the mobility in the world is growing, it is important to reduce the emissions that result from transportation. The diesel engine provides a high efficiency and hence it can help to reduce CO2 emissions, which are believed to be the main cause of global warming. Diesel exhaust also contains toxic gases, mainly nitrogen oxides (NOX) and soot particles. These emissions are therefore limited by the authorities in most countries.

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Liu, Shuang-xi, i Ming Lü. "Fault Diagnosis of the Blocking Diesel Particulate Filter Based on Spectral Analysis". Processes 7, nr 12 (10.12.2019): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120943.

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Diesel particulate filter is one of the most effective after-treatment techniques to reduce Particulate Matters (PM) emissions from a diesel engine, but the blocking Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) will seriously affect the engine performance, so it is necessary to study the fault diagnosis of blocking DPF. In this paper, a simulation model of an R425DOHC diesel engine with wall-flow ceramic DPF was established, and then the model was verified with experimental data. On this basis, the fault diagnosis of the blocking DPF was studied by using spectral analysis on instantaneous exhaust pressure. The results showed that both the pre-DPF mean exhaust pressure and the characteristic frequency amplitude of instantaneous exhaust pressure can be used as characteristic parameters of monitoring the blockage fault of DPF, but it is difficult to monitor DPF blockage directly by instantaneous exhaust pressure. In terms of sensitivity, the characteristic frequency amplitude of instantaneous exhaust pressure is more suitable as a characteristic parameter to monitor DPF blockage than mean exhaust pressure. This work can lay an important theoretical foundation for the on-board diagnosis of DPF.

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Greim, Helmut. "Sind Kraftfahrzeuge mit Dieselmotoren noch tolerabel?" ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2020, nr 02 (31.01.2020): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-2002-7924.

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Are vehicles with diesel engines still acceptable? Emissions from diesel engines are made up of hundreds of components, some in the form of particles and some gaseous. In 2002, the IARC classed diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans. Research in the workplace and studies on test persons showed inflammatory responses in the lungs, asthmatic responses and cardiovascular effects. The health implications of emissions have been in the public spotlight since the diesel scandal of 2015 and have called into question the acceptance of diesel engine technology. The optimisation of combustion processes in engines and exhaust gas treatment systems have nevertheless made it possible to reduce substantially the substances in exhaust over the last 20 years. In addition, the new test cycles are a practical way of monitoring emissions. The EURO 6 standard means that there is now virtually no difference between the emissions from diesel and petrol engines in newly registered vehicles, although diesel engines consume 15-20% less fuel than petrol engines. Keywords: diesel engines – emissions – carcinogenicity – diesel scandal

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Petr, Jevič, Pražan Radek i Šedivá Zdeňka. "Engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of paraffinic diesel fuel in a model diesel engine". Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 2 (28.06.2018): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/113/2017-rae.

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The article deals with verification of a diesel fuel and two fuel mixtures blends with different amounts of the bio-component using the model single-cylinder engine without the additional equipment for treatment of exhaust gases. This combustion diesel engine served for measuring the performance characteristics of the model single-cylinder engine and the individual emission components in order to assess the use of these blends of liquid paraffinic diesel fuel in practice and to meet current and forthcoming European legislation and to fulfil the commitments by 2020. A detailed chemical analysis was performed in case of all the tested paraffinic diesel fuels.

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YAMAMOTO, KAZUHIRO, SHINGO SATAKE, HIROSHI YAMASHITA, NAOKI TAKADA i MASAKI MISAWA. "LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATION ON FLOW WITH SOOT ACCUMULATION IN DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER". International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, nr 04 (kwiecień 2007): 528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107010760.

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Since diesel exhaust gas has more ambient air pollutants such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) including soot, the special treatment for exhaust emission standards is needed. Recently, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been developed to reduce PM in the after-treatment of exhaust gas. However, since the structure of the filter is small and complex, it is impossible to examine the phenomena inside the filter experimentally. In this study, we conduct fluid simulation in the diesel filter. We use the lattice Boltzmann method. The soot accumulation is considered to simulate the PM trap in the filter. For the wall-boundary in the simulation, the inner structure of the filter is obtained by a 3D-CT technique. Results show complex flow pattern in the diesel filter. Due to the soot accumulation, the velocity is changed and the pressure is increased. The pressure drop becomes larger as soot concentration at the inlet is higher.

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Bernhardsgrütter, Ralf E., Christoph J. Hepp, Martin Jägle, Hans-Fridtjof Pernau, Katrin Schmitt i Jürgen Wöllenstein. "Inline quality monitoring of diesel exhaust fluid (AdBlue) by using the 3<i>ω</i> method". Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 10, nr 1 (27.01.2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-5-2021.

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Abstract. Because diesel combustion processes produce harmful detrimental nitrous oxides, the selective catalytic reduction, an after-treatment method using diesel exhaust fluid (AdBlue) to reduce these emissions, is an important part in the cycle of the combustion process. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously monitor the quality of the diesel exhaust fluid to secure the ideal selective catalytic reduction. This article presents a platinum thin-film sensor using the 3ω method which is able to characterize the diesel exhaust fluid. By means of the 3ω method, information about the concentration of urea in water can be extracted. In this investigation, a digital lock-in amplification technique is used to execute the measurements. The results show that this sensor can determine the urea content within 1 % by weight. Moreover, besides the analysis of the 3ω signal, the 1ω signal is analyzed in depth to receive additional information about the temperature. Because the same structure can measure multiple parameters, such as concentration, temperature, and flow, the sensor might be a good alternative to the state-of-the-art diesel exhaust fluid sensor.

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Yamamoto, Kazuhiro, i Kenta Matsui. "Diesel Exhaust After-Treatment by Silicon Carbide Fiber Filter". Fibers 2, nr 2 (10.04.2014): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib2020128.

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YAMADA, Hideaki, Keiichiro YOSHIDA, Masaaki OKUBO, Tomoyuki KUROKI i Toshiaki YAMAMOTO. "919 Diesel Exhaust Gas Treatment Using Absorbent and Plasma". Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2007.82 (2007): _9–19_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2007.82._9-19_.

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Rümmele, Florian, Alexander Susdorf, Syed Muhammad Salman Haider i Robert Szolak. "Light-off Investigation of Oxymethylene Ether (OME) Considering the Presence of the Exhaust Components Heptane, Carbon, and Nitrogen Monoxide". Emission Control Science and Technology 7, nr 4 (21.10.2021): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40825-021-00202-5.

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AbstractSynthetic fuels and fuel blends like OMEs can contribute to tank-to-wheel CO2 emission savings. At the same time, it is known that these fuels have a lower exhaust temperature compared to conventional diesel. This effect has major impact on the exhaust after-treatment system, particularly in cold start conditions. This paper investigates the light-off behavior of exhaust gases containing OMEs by temperature-programmed oxidation experiments using a state-of-the-art oxidation catalyst. The main side product of catalytic oxidation of OMEs between 100 °C and the oxidation temperature T50, which was around 160 °C, was shown to be formaldehyde. While alkane oxidation, in this case heptane, was little influenced by OME oxidation, the oxidation temperature T50 of CO increases by more than 10 °C by OME addition. Nitrogen monoxide impeded the oxidation of OME in a similar way to the other components investigated. Due to the amount of FA produced and its toxicity, it could be concluded that it is necessary to heat up exhaust after-treatment systems of OME diesel engines even faster than conventional diesel exhaust after-treatment systems. The relatively high reactivity of OME on oxidation catalyst can be used by active thermal management approaches.

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Bhaskar, Pavan Bharadwaja, i S. Srihari. "Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Castor Seed Biodiesel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (listopad 2015): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.819.

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In this study the effect on exhaust gases of a diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel and coupling Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has been done. EGR is a pre-treatment technique to trim down NOx from diesel engines as it is expected to reduce the flame temperature and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber. Fossil fuels so-called biodiesel is picked as the blending fuel. Existence of oxygen in Biodiesel aids complete combustion and anticipated to reduce CO and HC emissions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation technique can capably reduce the amount of NOx. EGR may tend to increase the CO and HC emissions, biodiesel which has higher oxygen content is blended to diesel so that it may compensate CO and HC emissions. The performance and emission characteristics of EGR along with biodiesel in a diesel engine are discussed.

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NYERGES, Ádám, i Máté ZÖLDY. "Model development and experimental validation of an exhaust brake supported dual loop exhaust gas recirculation on a medium duty Diesel engine". Mechanics 26, nr 6 (7.12.2020): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.6.25017.

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Due to the new European emission norms internal combustion engines have to comply stricter rules. The new norms contain new requirements that were not included in previous regulations for example the decreased temperature of the cold start or the real driving emission part. The emission cycles for passenger vehicles are completely news, the stricter emission norms for commercial vehicles will follow them within a few years. Despite the increasing spread of alternative transmission systems in road transport Diesel engines are going to be remain in commercial vehicles in the next decades due to their good torque and fuel consumption performance. The emission of Diesel engines can be kept low by several way: by the modification of combustion processes, or by exhaust gas after treatment. To comply future regulations both of them seems to be necessary. By exhaust gas recirculation systems alternative Diesel combustion processes can be realized which can provide lower nitrogen-oxide emission and in several operation points also lower fuel consumption. Exhaust gas recirculation systems also can support the thermal management of a Diesel engine. To utilize the advantages of the recirculated exhaust gases a complex system is necessary to get a freedom in control possibilities: duel loop exhaust gas recirculated systems supplemented with supporter valves on the intake or on the exhaust side. In this paper a pressure and mass flow rate based control oriented engine model will be presented which contains high and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation systems and both of them are supported by exhaust brakes. The model considers four balance volumes and it has five state variables. The model is validated by an engine dyno measurements on a medium duty Diesel engine.

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Allam, Sabry, i Mats Åbom. "Modeling and Testing of After-Treatment Devices". Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, nr 3 (10.11.2005): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2172262.

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Driven by emission regulations in the US and the EU exhaust systems on new diesel engines are equipped with both a catalytic converter (CC) and a diesel particulate filter (DPF). The CC and DPF are normally placed after each other in an expansion chamber, to create a complete after-treatment device (ATD) to reduce the exhaust pollutants. The ATD unit can also affect the acoustical performance of an exhaust system. In this paper, an acoustic model of a complete ATD for a passenger car is presented. The model is made up of four basic elements: (i) straight pipes; (ii) conical inlet/outlet; (iii) CC unit, and (iv) DPF unit. For each of these elements, a two-port model is used and, with the exception of the DPF unit, known models from the literature are available. For the DPF unit, a new model suggested by the authors has been used. Using the models, the complete acoustic two-port model for the investigated ATD unit has been calculated and used to predict the sound transmission loss. The predictions have been compared to experimental data taken at cold conditions for various flow speeds and show a good agreement.

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Muthiya, Solomon Jenoris, L. Natrayan, L. Yuvaraj, Mohankumar Subramaniam, Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj i Wubishet Degife Mammo. "Development of Active CO2 Emission Control for Diesel Engine Exhaust Using Amine-Based Adsorption and Absorption Technique". Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (14.02.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8803585.

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Diesel-powered transportation is considered an efficient method of transportation; this sees the increase in the demand for the diesel engine. But diesel engines are considered to be one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution. The automobile sector accounts for the second-largest source for increasing CO2 emission globally. In this experiment, a suitable postcombustion treatment to control CO2 emission from IC engine exhaust is developed and tested. This work focuses to control CO2 emission by using the chemical adsorbent technique in diesel engine exhaust. An amine-based liquid is used to adsorb the CO2 molecules first and absorb over the amines from the diesel engine exhaust. Three types of amino solutions (L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, and L-arginine) were prepared for 0.3 mole concentrations, and the CO2 absorption investigation is performed in each solution by passing the diesel exhaust. A suitable CO2 adsorption trap is developed and tested for CO2 absorption. The experiments were performed in a single-cylinder diesel engine under variable load conditions. The eddy current dynamometer is used to apply appropriate loads on the engine based on the settings. The AVL DIGAS analyzer was used to measure the CO2, HC, and CO emissions. An uncertainty analysis is carried out on the experimental results to minimize the errors in the results. The effective CO2 reduction was achieved up to 85%, and simultaneous reduction of HC and CO was also observed.

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Hirano, Souta, Yuya Shimizu, Tomoyuki Kuroki i Masaaki Okubo. "Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Treatment Technology Using NOx Recirculation Technique". Marine Engineering 56, nr 5 (1.09.2021): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.56.824.

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Christiansen, Tine, Johanne Jensen, Andreas Åberg, Jens Abildskov i Jakob Huusom. "Methodology for Developing a Diesel Exhaust After Treatment Simulation Tool". SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 11, nr 1 (16.09.2017): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/02-11-01-0004.

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Ciach, Tomasz, i Tomasz R. Sosnowski. "Application of a Fibrous Electrostatic Filterfor Treatment of Diesel Exhaust". International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 6, nr 3 (styczeń 2000): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2000.11076458.

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YAMADA, Hideaki, Keiichiro YOSHIDA, Masaaki OKUBO, Tomoyuki KUROKI i Toshiaki YAMAMOTO. "1119 Diesel Exhaust Gas Treatment Using Plasma Desorption and Reduction". Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2006.81 (2006): _11–19_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2006.81._11-19_.

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Narula, Chaitanya K., C. Stuart Daw, John W. Hoard i T. Hammer. "Materials Issues Related to Catalysts for Treatment of Diesel Exhaust". International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 2, nr 6 (listopad 2005): 452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02046.x.

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Singh, Vishvendra Pratap, Moolchand Sharma i Rahul Vaish. "Multifunctional diesel exhaust emission soot coated sponge for water treatment". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, nr 8 (28.01.2019): 8148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-4045-0.

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Wassén, H., J. Dahl i A. Idelchi. "Holistic Diesel Engine and Exhaust After-Treatment Model Predictive Control". IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, nr 5 (2019): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.09.056.

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Palash, S. M., M. A. Kalam, H. H. Masjuki i B. M. Masum. "Impacts of N, N'-diphenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) Antioxidant Additive in Jatropha Biodiesel Blends to Reduce NO_x Emission of a Multi Cylinder Vehicle Type Diesel Engine". Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (wrzesień 2013): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.784.

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To meet stringent exhaust emission norms worldwide, various exhaust pre-treatment and post-treatment techniques have been employed in modern engines. Using antioxidant additives in biodiesel fuels is a promising and effective NOx reduction technology. Non-edible jatropha oil based methyl ester was produced and blended with conventional diesel. Five fuel samples (Diesel, JB5, JB5DPPD0.15%, JB15 and JB15DPPD0.15%) were tested for their use as substitute fuel for a radiator-cooled four cylinder diesel engine. Experiment results show that DPPD antioxidant additive could be reduced NOx emission significantly with slight penalty on engine performance as well as CO and HC emission. However, when compared to diesel combustion the emissions of HC and CO were found nearly same or below. By addition of 0.15% (m) DPPD additive in JB5 and JB15 reduction of NOx emission were 12.68% and 13.36 % compared to biodiesel blends without additive at full throttle position. As conclusion, JB5 and JB15 with addition of 0.15% (m) can be used in four cylinder diesel engine to reduce NOx and consequently overcome the barrier to market expansion of biodiesel fuels.

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Hou, Xue Jun, i Peng Xiao. "Analysis of Exhaust Gas Pollution Processing of Z12V190 Diesel Engine for Petroleum Drilling". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (maj 2012): 2344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2344.

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With the increasingly prominent problem regarding rapid economy development and a gradually serious environmental pollution, the waste gas pollution processing have received significant attention. Z12V190 diesel engine for petroleum drilling has high fuel consumption and releases large amounts of harmful waste gas into the atmosphere to cause serious environmental pollution. In this work, the mainly harmful components of Z12V190 exhaust gas are analysed, the corresponding methods of purification and processing about Z12V190 exhaust gas pollution discussed. In order to purify treatment pollution, and ultimate to lay the foundation for pollution treatment, the process flows of the exhaust gas pollution processing are preliminary designed.

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Singh, Gurkamal Nain, Rabinder Singh Bharj i Rajan Kumar. "Numerical Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fired With Methanol Blended Diesel Fuel". Journal of Mechanical Engineering 16, nr 2 (1.08.2019): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v16i2.15325.

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The effects of methanol and oleic acid blended diesel fuel on the performance and emissions of the diesel engine are evaluated numerically by commercial software Diesel-RK to simulate a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, direct injection, four-stroke diesel engine. The present study also resolves the problem of the immiscibility of methanol in diesel fuel, as to avoid immiscible nature an optimum percentage of oleic acid and n-butanol is added to make blends stable. The methanol blended diesel fuels are 7%, 12%, and 17% methanol in volume basis (D85M7NB1O7, D75M12NB1O12, and D65M17NB1O17). A drastic reduction in NOx emission is observed due to low combustion temperature however the PM emissions increases which can be controlled by using exhaust after-treatment techniques. The results indicate that: the brake specific fuel consumption increases and brake thermal efficiency decreases with an increase of methanol, oleic acid and n-butanol contents in the blended fuel whereas maximum heat release rate increases and exhaust temperature decreases.

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Insani, Melati Nurul, Azwar Hayat, Novriany Amaliyah i Andi Erwin Eka Putra. "Plasma-Ozone Treatment of Air Supply on Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 927, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012026.

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Abstract In improving performance and reducing exhaust emissions in combustion engines, the addition of ozone to the air supplied in the combustion chamber was studied. In this research, ozone can be produced using plasma technology (plasma-ozone) which is a simple and eco-friendly technology. Plasma-ozone was generated using the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) method. Air is passed in plasma-ozone reactors at different voltages with an ozone variation of 3 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg and 18 mg is obtained. Ozone concentration was detected using an Ozone meter O3 Air Quality Detector and OPA-100 was used to determine exhaust emissions. The result showed that the addition of ozone to the air supply has no significant effect on brake power but is able to increase specific fuel consumption, increase cylinder pressure, shorten combustion processes, and reduce heat release values. The addition of ozone decreases the opacity of exhaust emissions in TV-1 diesel engines become more eco-friendly.

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Pirjola, L., M. Karl, T. Rönkkö i F. Arnold. "Model studies of volatile diesel exhaust particle formation: organic vapours involved in nucleation and growth?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, nr 4 (17.02.2015): 4219–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-4219-2015.

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Abstract. High concentration of volatile nucleation mode particles (NUP) formed in the atmosphere during exhaust cools and dilutes have hazardous health effects and impair visibility in urban areas. Nucleation mechanisms in diesel exhaust are only poorly understood. We performed model studies using two sectional aerosol dynamics process models AEROFOR and MAFOR on the formation of particles in the exhaust of a diesel engine, equipped with an oxidative after-treatment system and running with low fuel sulphur content (FSC), under laboratory sampling conditions where the dilution system mimics real-world conditions. Different nucleation mechanisms were tested; based on the measured gaseous sulphuric acid (GSA) and non-volatile core and soot particle number concentrations of the raw exhaust, the model simulations showed that the best agreement between model predictions and measurements in terms of particle number size distribution was obtained by barrierless heteromolecular homogeneous nucleation between GSA and semi-volatile organic vapour (for example adipic acid) combined with the homogeneous nucleation of GSA alone. Major growth of the particles was predicted to occur by the same organic vapour at concentrations of (1-2) ×1012cm−3. The pre-existing core and soot mode concentrations had opposite trend on the NUP formation, and maximum NUP formation was predicted if a diesel particle filter (DPF) was used. On the other hand, NUP formation was ceased if the GSA concentration was less than 1010cm−3 which suggests, based on the measurements, the usage of biofuel to prevent volatile particles in diesel exhaust.

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Serrano, José R., Francisco J. Arnau, Jaime Martín i Ángel Auñón. "Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine". Energies 13, nr 17 (3.09.2020): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174561.

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Growing interest has arisen to adopt Variable Valve Timing (VVT) technology for automotive engines due to the need to fulfill the pollutant emission regulations. Several VVT strategies, such as the exhaust re-opening and the late exhaust closing, can be used to achieve an increment in the after-treatment upstream temperature by increasing the residual gas amount. In this study, a one-dimensional gas dynamics engine model has been used to simulate several VVT strategies and develop a control system to actuate over the valves timing in order to increase diesel oxidation catalyst efficiency and reduce the exhaust pollutant emissions. A transient operating conditions comparison, taking the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) as a reference, has been done by analyzing fuel economy, HC and CO pollutant emissions levels. The results conclude that the combination of an early exhaust and a late intake valve events leads to a 20% reduction in CO emissions with a fuel penalty of 6% over the low speed stage of the WLTC, during the warm-up of the oxidation catalyst. The same set-up is able to reduce HC emissions down to 16% and NOx emission by 13%.

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Tornatore, C., S. S. Merola i B. M. Vaglieco. "Particle and nanoparticle characterization at the exhaust of internal combustion engines". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, nr 11 (1.11.2008): 2195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto817.

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The aim of this work is the characterization of the emissions of exhaust particles in terms of number size distribution and chemical—physical properties. Laser-induced incandescence and broadband ultraviolet—visible extinction and scattering spectroscopy were used at the exhaust of a common-rail diesel engine and of a port fuel injection (PFI) spark ignition (SI) engine. The optical results were compared with size distributions obtained with an electrical low-pressure impactor and a scanning mobility particle sizer. Moreover, the fundamental engine parameters and the particulate mass and gas concentrations were measured using conventional instrumentation. With respect to the diesel engine, the effect of the exhaust after-treatment was investigated. The exhaust gas recirculation influenced the particle size distribution in terms of number concentration owing to the formation of accumulation mode particles. The catalysed diesel particulate filter strongly reduced the particle number concentration in the loading phase. Effects on the chemical nature of the particles were observed during the filter regeneration phase. With respect to the PFI SI engine, high number concentrations of nanoparticles ( D<50nm) were measured for all the engine operating conditions. The chemical nature of the nanoparticles was investigated.

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Zhang, Yao Wu. "Experimental Study on the Reverse Cleaning and Regeneration of Diesel Engine's Metal Mesh Filter". Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (wrzesień 2013): 1834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1834.

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This paper puts forward the suitable conditions of high sulphur fuel oil in China wire mesh particle trap counter blowing regeneration technology. The regeneration process is characterized by the filter body is separated from particle combustion, solve the problem of broken filter body and burning-out, at the same time remove the not burning material in the trap. By filtering body regeneration experiment made the counter blowing regeneration scheme, design and optimization of the diesel exhaust particulate trap wire mesh filter body and counter blowing regeneration system. Finally by engine bench test, test the diesel exhaust particulate after-treatment device influence on power performance and fuel economy of diesel engine, the jet pressure, jet time and scavenging time on back and collection efficiency effect.

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Panchishnyi, V. I., i I. Yu Vorobiev. "Role of oxidation catalysis in after-treatment of exhaust gases of diesel engines". Trudy NAMI, nr 2 (12.07.2023): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-2-18-30.

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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The oxidation catalysis provides the necessary efficiency and performance of diesel filters for trapping dispersed particles and systems for selective treatment of nitrogen oxides. In addition, oxidation catalysts can be a tool for neutralizing emissions of methane and some non-regulated but very hazardous polycyclic and partially oxidized hydrocarbons. There are also poorly studied theoretical issues of oxidation catalysis associated with mutual influence of toxic components contained in exhaust gases of diesel engines.The purpose of the study is to clarify the oxidation catalysis role in the general problem of after-treatment of toxic emissions of diesel engines, development and testing of catalysts and converters for neutralization of toxic combustion products of engines powered by natural gas.Methodology and research methods. Research into the catalysts under flow conditions using modern methods of gas analysis, IR spectroscopy, engine tests of the developed catalytic converters.Scientific novelty and results. The paper shows the role of oxidation catalysis in solving the common problems of after-treatment of hazardous emissions of diesel engines including both direct after-treatment of toxic compounds and supporting functions. Catalysts of higher efficiency and a series of converters for gas engines have been developed. Innovative methods to increase the resistance of oxidation catalysts to sulfur oxides have been proposed.Practical significance. The developed catalysts and converter designs are recommended for implementation in KAMAZ-820.52-260 and Cummins 250 and 280 gas engines.

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Lyu, Meng, Yousif Alsulaiman, Matthew J. Hall i Ronald D. Matthews. "Impacts of Intake Throttling on the Combustion Characteristics and Emissions of a Light-Duty Diesel Engine under the Idle Mode". Energies 15, nr 23 (23.11.2022): 8846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238846.

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Intake throttling has been verified as an effective approach to increase the exhaust temperature of diesel engines, which could benefit the catalytic efficiency aftertreatment. To better understand the influence of intake throttling on the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of light-duty diesel engines operating under idle mode, a light-duty diesel engine was experimentally investigated. This study is a follow-on to previous studies on the effect of throttling on light-duty diesel engine exhaust temperatures and emissions. Tests were conducted at a fixed idle speed of 1100 rpm, and the throttle position and intake manifold air pressure (MAP) were varied. The in-cylinder pressure, pressure rise rate, heat release rate (HRR), in-cylinder temperature, exhaust temperature, and regular gaseous emissions were analyzed. The results indicated that under the influence of intake throttling, the MAP decreased from 101 kPa under wide-open-throttle (WOT) conditions to 52.5 kPa under the heaviest throttling conditions, and the exhaust temperature increased from 100 °C to 200 °C, with a fuel penalty associated with the increase in the pumping indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). The in-cylinder pressure continuously declined with decreasing MAP, while the HRR generally increased with increasing MAP. Under WOT conditions, the ignition delay decreased, while the combustion duration decreased under heavier throttling conditions. The in-cylinder temperature with throttling was higher than that under WOT conditions, and after post-injection treatment, the in-cylinder temperature exhibited an increasing trend with decreasing MAP. The CO2, CO, NOx, and HC emissions increased with increasing throttling amounts.

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Neri, G. "K- and Cs-FeV/Al2O3soot combustion catalysts for diesel exhaust treatment". Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 42, nr 4 (10.06.2003): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-3373(02)00271-0.

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Liu, Hai, Chinda Charoenphonphanich, Preechar Karin, Mek Srilomsak, Sompong Srimanosaowapak i Katsunori Hanamura. "Reduction of Diesel Engine’s Particulate Matters using Retrofit CeO₂ Diesel Oxidative Catalyst and Partial Flow Diesel Particulate Filter System". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1121, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1121/1/012017.

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Abstract In this research, CeO2 was chosen for the DOC catalyst. Moreover, a partial-flow DPF was installed after DOC. The exhaust gas experiment was conducted at 20% - 50% engine load varying 1000,1500, and 2000 rpm of engine speed. The research results show that NOx reduced around 25% with CeO2 DOC and DPF systems at higher engine load. On the other hand, particulate matters decrease around 65% after CeO2 DOC and DPF systems. Furthermore, CO and HC amount were substantially reduced after applying after-treatment systems. According to fuel consumption, BSFC, and BTE results, the after-treatment system has no significant impact on engine performance.

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Huang, Li, Junjie Liu, Rui Liu, Yang Wang i Long Liu. "Experimental Investigation on Combustion and Performance of Diesel Engine under High Exhaust Back Pressure". Machines 10, nr 10 (10.10.2022): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100919.

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The use of exhaust gas recirculation, complex after-treatment systems, advanced technology of high-strength engines, and underwater exhaust will lead to increased diesel exhaust back pressure (EBP). This will increase the residual exhaust gas and the exchange temperature in the cylinder and reduce the fresh air charged in the next cycle. In this work, the effects of two high EBP conditions (10 kPa and 25 kPa) on the performance of medium-speed ship engines under different loads are explored through experiments. The results show that the increase in EBP from 10 kPa to 25 kPa has little effect on the heat release rate, engine power, and engine start-up time. However, it will lead to ignition advance and the maximum pressure rise rate, peak pressure, and exhaust temperature increase. The increase in EBP has a more significant impact on the small valve overlap angle. Because the reduction in the valve overlap angle has led to an increase in the residual exhaust gas, further increases in EBP causes residual exhaust gas effects to be more pronounced. The effect of increasing EBP on fuel consumption depends primarily on which effect of exhaust back pressure on temperature and fresh air intake dominates.

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Nareddiwar, Sonal, Tapobrata Dey i R. Sunilkumar. "Packaging Design, Weld Fatigue analysis and Validation of Diesel Exhaust After-treatment System". Mechanical Engineering Research 8, nr 2 (30.11.2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v8n2p36.

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Diesel exhaust after treatment system is usually designed to meet stringent packaging constraints and emission norms. After treatment packaging has critical impact on the overall system efficiency and durability since many components in exhaust systems have welded joints. An after treatment inlet and outlet tube joints, connected to engine outlet and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) tailpipe respectively are subjected to vibrations and bending moment leading to fatigue failure at the inlet/outlet welded joints. It has been observed over the years that the prevailing failure modes in after treatment systems are cracked welds at joints between inlet tubes and flanges, outlet tubes and connecting tailpipes. Fatigue failure is a complex and progressive form of local damage which occurs in welded components of exhaust after-treatment systems. Thus, this fatigue failure needs to be estimated accurately and at the early stage of design to save cost and time. But due to geometrical irregularities, compact packaging design and load transfer conditions, it becomes difficult to estimate accurate fatigue strength of the welded areas. Thus weld fatigue analysis, a high cycle fatigue test to validate inlet/outlet module of exhaust system against dynamic overturning bending moment and to calculate the location of minimum weld fatigue life within the inlet welded joints is performed. Weld fatigue analysis uses advanced fatigue assessment technique, BS 7608, Stress x Life (S x N) approach for accurate and precise estimation of welds. The present work deals with reducing the package volume of the after treatment system by applying different concepts, verifying design robustness by FEA simulation using ANSYS 18.2 and validating the structural durability of the system by testing. The objective of the present work is to estimate the fatigue life of the welded structures precisely and accurately, calculate the threshold bending moment to determine whether the design is robust to the bending moment loads seen over course of its life and make design modifications as per simulation result. Further the FEA and testing results of weld fatigue analysis are correlated.

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Wang, Ning, Yao Sun, Yunfeng Hu, Jinghua Zhao i Xun Gong. "Design of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Temperature Control System Based on Fuzzy Adaptive PID". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2203, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2203/1/012041.

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Abstract This paper presents a temperature control framework of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) of after-treatment system (ATS) which aims to increase the control precise of DOC temperature under different exhaust flow rates. To start with, a control-oriented DOC temperature model is established. Considering the sensitivity of DOC to different exhaust flow rate, a fuzzy adaptive PID temperature control system framework under the Smith predictor is designed. Finally, the controller is verified in the Matlab/Simulink. The results show that when tracking the desired temperature, the overshoot is reduced and the response speed is faster at different exhaust flow rates compared with the traditional PID control system.

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Nguyen, Kien T., Manh D. Vu, Duong T. Le i Assoc Prof Dr Phuong Pham Xuan. "A feasibility Study on the exhaust-gas treatment efficiency of a wet-scrubber system equipped in a diesel engine: A focus on smoke emission". Journal of Military Science and Technology 89 (25.08.2023): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.89.2023.153-159.

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A feasibility examination was conducted on a wet-scrubber system designed in this study to investigate the exhaust gas treatment efficiency of a wet-scrubber system equipped with a diesel engine. This preliminary investigation limits to evaluate the feasibility of the wet scrubber system in decreasing smoke. The influence of multiphase flow configuration in wet-scrubbing aftertreatment systems on emission formation is an interesting topic in the field of exhaust gas aftertreatment. It is our initial attempt to investigate the influence of multiphase flow configuration in a wet-scrubbing hybrid aftertreatment system on key pollutants emitted from Diesel engines in the future. This wet scrubber works by spraying water into the exhaust gas stream. The engine was tested at three-speed conditions (1,500 rpm, 1,800 rpm, and 2,000 rpm, respectively) while varying its torque from 15 to 30 N.m. The results show that under these operating conditions, the smoke level after the scrubber decreases by up to 50%. Please note that only fresh water was used in this study, and the impact of catalysts that could further decrease exhaust gas pollution will be investigated in future studies. The water droplets serve as a medium for capturing and collecting the soot particles present in the exhaust gas. Through collisions, the water droplets cause the soot particles to adhere to their surfaces, a process known as impaction. Additionally, the larger water droplets can facilitate coagulation or agglomeration of the particles, resulting in their enlargement and enhanced capture efficiency.

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Basaran, Hasan Ustun. "Enhanced Exhaust after-Treatment Warmup in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine System via Miller Cycle and Delayed Exhaust Valve Opening". Energies 16, nr 12 (6.06.2023): 4542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124542.

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The exhaust after-treatment (EAT) threshold temperature is a significant concern for highway vehicles to meet the strict emission norms. Particularly at cold engine start and low loads, EAT needs to be improved above 250 °C to reduce the tailpipe emission rates. Conventional strategies such as electrical heating, exhaust throttling, or late fuel injection mostly need a high fuel penalty for fast EAT warmup. The objective of this work is to demonstrate using a numerical model that a combination of the Miller cycle and delayed exhaust valve opening (DEVO) can improve the tradeoff between EAT warmup and fuel consumption penalty. A relatively low-load working condition (1200 RPM speed and 2.5 bar BMEP) is maintained in the diesel engine model. The Miller cycle via retarded intake valve closure (RIVC) is noticeably effective in increasing exhaust temperature (as high as 55 °C). However, it also dramatically reduces the exhaust flow rate (over 30%) and, thus, is ineffective for rapid EAT warmup. DEVO has the potential to enhance EAT warmup via increased exhaust temperature and increased exhaust flow rate. However, it considerably decreases the brake thermal efficiency (BTE)—by up to 5%—due to high pumping loss in the system. The RIVC + DEVO combined technique can elevate the exhaust temperature above 250 °C with improved fuel consumption—up to 10%—compared to DEVO alone as it requires a relatively lower rise in pumping loss. The combined method is also superior to RIVC alone. Unlike RIVC alone, the RIVC + DEVO combined mode does not need the extreme use of RIVC to increase engine-out temperature above 250 °C and, thus, provides relatively higher heat transfer rates (up to 103%) to the EAT system through a higher exhaust flow rate. The RIVC + DEVO combined method can be technically more difficult to implement compared to other methods. However, it has the potential to maintain accelerated EAT warmup with improved BTE and, thus, can keep emission rates at low levels during cold start and low loads.

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Yur, G., i E. Nosonova. "Study of the working process of a diesel engine with modified fuel". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 022073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/2/022073.

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Abstract The research objective is to reduce specific fuel consumption and emissions of exhaust fume pollutants. Specifically treated (modified) fuel is used to comprehensively improve the economic and environmental performance of the diesel operation process. Fuel treatment was carried out at a pilot plant using the process of fuel gas cavitation. During processing, high-molecular fuel compounds were broken down and the fuel was saturated with gas-vapor bubbles. The description of the pilot unit is given. The characteristics of the base distillate and modified fuel are studied. A mathematical model and the numerical study results of the fuel droplet development containing vapor-gas bubbles are presented. An experimental study of the work process in a 10.5/12 H diesel engine single-cylinder compartment when operating on various fuels was carried out. Diesel tests have shown that when using modified fuel, the specific indicative fuel consumption has decreased by 5-7 per g / kWh, the exhaust gas temperature has decreased by 5-8 degrees, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust fumes has decreased by 32-46 ppm, the concentration of total hydrocarbons has decreased by 9-14 ppm, the smoke content has decreased by 1.2-1.7 times.

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Barnhill, Lisa M., Sataree Khuansuwan, Daniel Juarez, Hiromi Murata, Jesus A. Araujo i Jeff M. Bronstein. "Diesel Exhaust Extract Exposure Induces Neuronal Toxicity by Disrupting Autophagy". Toxicological Sciences 176, nr 1 (16.04.2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa055.

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Abstract The vast majority of neurodegenerative disease cannot be attributed to genetic causes alone and as a result, there is significant interest in identifying environmental modifiers of disease risk. Epidemiological studies have supported an association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and disease risk. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which diesel exhaust, a major component of air pollution, induces neurotoxicity. Using a zebrafish model, we found that exposure to diesel exhaust particulate extract caused behavioral deficits and a significant decrease in neuron number. The neurotoxicity was due, at least in part, to reduced autophagic flux, which is a major pathway implicated in neurodegeneration. This neuron loss occurred alongside an increase in aggregation-prone neuronal protein. Additionally, the neurotoxicity induced by diesel exhaust particulate extract in zebrafish was mitigated by co-treatment with the autophagy-inducing drug nilotinib. This study links environmental exposure to altered proteostasis in an in vivo model system. These results shed light on why long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases neurodegenerative disease risk and open up new avenues for exploring therapies to mitigate environmental exposures and promote neuroprotection.

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