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Bunnik, Benoît. "Une discipline fantôme : Les professeures des écoles et la géographie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1218.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis in geography didactics examines the relationship between Cycle 3 elementary school teachers and geography. It follows the logic of a critical geography, focusing on the question of whether it is possible to teach a discipline that may be unfamiliar. Rather than focusing on practices, this work focuses on the representations and conceptions that a group of individuals may have of a school discipline.The first part (chapters one and two) aims to reflect, from the notion of crisis, on the placeof school geography in the French primary education system, specifically in cycle 3, for CM1 and CM2classes (9 11 years old) old). A first report of crisis is made, from two sources : on the one hand two reports of the inspection générale de l' éducation nationale of 2013 and 2022 describing the situationof the teaching of geography in cycle 3 as worrying and on the other hand, the analysis of fourteenCM1 or CM2 student notebooks collected in recent years. An observation put into perspective on twoscales : that of geography and that of the school geographer, based on works of history of the disci-pline and didactics. It shows that school geography, seen as one of the five poles of geography, canbe thought of as a largely self referenced system but also hybridized by other contributions.The second part (chapter 3) presents the research methodology as well as the sources onwhich the conclusions of this work are based. It allows us to look at primary school teachers both asa specific social group and as a complex set of individuals with varied backgrounds, careers and cul-tures, thus partly explaining their relationship to the discipline of geography.The third part (chapters four to eight) seeks to show the results of the research. This rela-tionship to a discipline comes from, while constructing it in return, a culture in school geographythat needs to be explained. It is an ordinary part of daily li fe in which experience plays a major role,more than initial or continuous training. Chapter five identifies the legacies of past school forms,which prompts us to reflect on the latency that may exist between the creation of a program and itsactual imple mentation in the classroom. This latency and these legacies push teachers to tinker withtheir geography lessons (chapter six), using resources that are sometimes far removed from institu-tional demand. This results in conceiving the school geography of pri mary school as a discipline oflow intellectual intensity but also as a spectacle of the world. This situation is largely explained(Chapter Seven) by shortcomings in initial and continuous training, pushing female teachers to trainthemselves. Chapter eight shows that this lack of training offered by the institution leads theseteachers to be in tension between several postures. The one that takes place between individualsand a collective, the one that takes place between a search for efficiency and a pragmatic need foradaptation and that between the desire to be creators of their teachings and the need to follow pre-scriptions and Standards. This leads to the idea that the geography taught today in primary schoolwould be a "phantom discipline.”During this writing, five breaks are present to take a step back from the research work based on analyzes of artistic works
Klisińska, Anna. "The fundamental theorem of calculus : a case study into the didactic transposition of proof /". Luleå : Luleå Tekniska Universitet, 2009. http://pure.ltu.se/ws/fbspretrieve/2732706.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhittles, Kalvin. "Cryptology: A didactical transposition into grade 10 school Mathematics classroom". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1955_1258027512.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study in an extension of a Master's study, entitled Realistic Mathematics Education and the strategies grade 8 learners develop for the solution of two simultaneous linear equations. the current study investigates how new content could be introduced into a school mathematical curriculum. The new topic under discussion for this study is the topis of Cryptology. Two research cycles were carried out. For the first design research cycle there were three teaching experiments with teachers, grade 10 learners and students as participants. Seven activities weere developed from the second design research cycle which was worked through with gade 10 learners. All sessions for the second design research cycle were video taped. Important to the development of instrutional materials was the development of a hypothetical learning trajetory about the learning and teaching of each activity. the results of the study indicated that the way learners understood the content and the different ways in which they presented solutions augers well for the introduction of a specific new content strand, cryptology, into a new school mathematical curriculum. It is also important for developers of instructional material to have a strong mathematical content knowledge for the design of instructional materials
Modeste, Simon. "Enseigner l'algorithmique, pourquoi ? Quels apports pour l'apprentissage de la preuve ? Quelles nouvelles questions pour les mathématiques ?" Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENM077.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor few years, the notion of an algorithm has been introduced in secondary school curricula in France and abroad. Teaching this concept, strongly linked with mathematics and proof raises many didactic questions. This thesis proposes an epistemological analysis of the concept of an algorithm in order to allow the study of its transposition and the building of didactic situations. First, we introduce a detailed epistemological analysis of the concept, highlighting its fundamental aspects. It allows us to propose a model of conceptions (in the meaning of ckc) for algorithm viewed from the academical knowledge and taking into account the different forms an algorithm can take. Those results, experimentally validated by the analysis of interviews of researchers, permit to study the didactic transposition involved in the French secondary school (lycée). Through the study of the official curricula and some textbooks and online resources, we emphasize a partial transposition of the concept, mainly tool-oriented and based on programming. Finally, the last part proposes a characterization of fundamental problems for algorithm and perspectives for designing an studying didactic situations in algorithmics
Martinez-Ibanez, Sylvain. "Transposition didactique externe et acquisition du concept de fraction : une comparaison internationale entre onze participants aux évaluations TIMSS". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB145.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis provides an analysis of the external didactic transposition of the concept of fractions by comparing the knowledge that has been generated from researchers in this field with the contents of teaching programs in eleven territories across three geographical areas (North America, Western Europe, Southeast Asia). This study is used as a means to determine how knowledge that is taught in schools, in its topogenetic and chronogenetic aspects, correlates to student performance in the international TIMSS evaluations, in particular in the fourth year tests for which France was a participant in 2015. It draws upon the anthropological theory of didactics to establish how constraints that have been defined by the authors of programs at the societal level of the didactic codetermination scale influence the dissemination of fractions-related praxeologies. This research framework also provides the appropriate tools to examine TIMSS items by considering the knowledge, techniques, and tasks required by students for success. To understand which approach better explains student results, the didactic approach has been compared with the cognitive analysis carried out by the TIMSS authors for these assessments. In addition, didactic transposition, in the context of school systems and society, has also been taken into consideration as a way to better understand student outcomes. Analysis of student, parent and teacher input about mathematics education in general, and fractions in particular, from the questionnaires proposed by the TIMSS authors, has led to the identification of specific characteristics of these educational systems and the relationship of these characteristics to the content of school curricula and student performance
Jutand, Marthe-Aline. "Études des phenomenes de transposition didactique de la statistique dans le champ universitaire et ses environnements : une contribution à la pédagogie universitaire". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0366/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaStatistics, with its particularity being a science based on analysis anddecision, generates interests from all scientific and social domains. Thus, statistics isa many-sided discipline based on shared dimensions, but also on specificformulations.Researchers must develop specific skills to explain each step of a statisticalapproach in both situations studied: doctoral theses and expertise. Additionally,results need to be communicated clearly and precisely by a researcher in order toassure their comprehension and the appropriation of knowledge. The analysis ofdoctoral theses highlights a regularity in the use of statistical concepts and statisticallanguage, but also numerous specificities for academic disciplines. Moreover, theanalysis of expertise highlights that researchers set up didactic approaches toimprove the transfer of knowledge to decision-making politics.This thesis aims to take part in the reflection about i) the teaching ofstatistics at the university and ii) the pedagogical strategies that needs to bedeveloped by highlighting the teaching strategies proven to be useful for statisticaleducation. Our analysis clearly shows the importance of qualifying students in thedissemination and communication of results from statistical analyses. Takentogether, there is a clear need to develop new teaching strategies for statistics at theuniversity aiming at developing teaching methods facilitating explicitcommunication of statistical expertise and results addressing a wide range ofaudiences
Manceau, Corinne. "La formation professionnelle en prison : la transposition institutionnelle et l'environnement didactique en question". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0488.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research concerns vocational training in a penitentiary context and what both prevents and promotes the diffusion of knowledge in this unusual training facility. The research is based on the framework of the anthropological theory of didactics and more particularly on the notion of institutional and personal relations. We examine, through socioeconomic data and legal texts, the influence of relations with prisons and prisoners on vocational training and, in some prisons, the nature of the conditions and constraints that drive the functioning of educational systems. The results of the research based on an interview survey as well as a questionnaire survey, reveals the incongruity of attempting to reproduce in prison what is happening in the free environment and invites us to rethink the didactic organization of vocational training so that it is more effective in terms of the prison's reintegration mission to which it contributes
Prébiski, Sonia. "Etude de la transposition à la classe de pratiques de chercheurs en modélisation mathématique dans les sciences du vivant. Analyse des conditions de la dévolution de la mathématisation horizontale aux élèves". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS083/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis in didactics of mathematics, we study a possible transposition to the classroom of practices of researchers using mathematical modelling. We are focusing on the devolution to secondary pupils (11 years to 18 years) of the work of horizontal mathematization necessary to make a situation rooted in reality accessible to a mathematical treatment.We frame our work in the methodology of didactic engineering. We also include issues related to teaching practices and also we have some similarities with the approach of second-generation didactic engineering.Our epistemological analyses allowed us to identify invariant practices of researchers in life sciences concerning horizontal mathematization. We then relied on these analyses to characterize, develop and analyse a realistic fiction designed as an adaptation of a professional problem of modelling on the prediction of growth of a tree. We conducted our experiments in a training device of collaborative problem solving with an initial phase of questions and answers. We support the hypothesis that the characteristics of a realistic fiction designed as an adaptation of a professional problem of modelling with an initial phase of questions-answers between peers are likely to favour the devolution of horizontal mathematization to pupils.The didactic analyses of the collected data were conducted based on the results of the epistemological study. They highlighted the devolution to students of horizontal mathematization. In addition, some traces of transposition of the invariant practices identified in the epistemological study were attested. Relying on the framework of the didactic and ergonomic double approach and on a study of literature in mathematics education on possible obstacles to the teaching of mathematical modelling, we have made hypotheses on the obstacles and conditions about teaching practices related to the teaching of horizontal mathematization. We used the potential magnifying effect offered by the in-service teachers’ training device to emit and test hypotheses about potential internal levers within this device, in respect to a certain extent, to possible obstacles and conditions. The study of the general scope of our results concerning ordinary teaching practices is still to be done
Faria, Marcelo Oliveira de. "Em busca de uma epistemologia de geografia escolar: a transposição didática". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12693.
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Este trabalho apresenta três aspectos fundamentais para a discussão sobre o ensino de geografia, com especial ênfase na questão epistêmica: uma análise histórica da inserção dessa disciplina como parte dos currículos escolares brasileiros, na qual sustento que a definição dos conteúdos da disciplina estiveram mais vinculados às finalidades estabelecidas para a educação escolar nos diferentes períodos históricos que no diálogo com os progressos e a evolução da geografia acadêmica; apresenta a Teoria da Transposição Didática formulada por Chevallard – que coloca a questão epistêmica no centro da relação didática - e algumas críticas à ela formuladas para o ensino de ciências humanas, em particular, a geografia; discute a pertinência da Teoria da Transposição Didática como possibilidade de aproximação entre o processo de renovação da geografia acadêmica e da geografia escolar. Reivindica a formação de professores como condição fundamental para que o processo de transposição didática se realize em sua plenitude, e que, de fato, contribua para provocar alterações no ensino de geografia na educação básica. O trabalho foi realizado através de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, em diálogo com a experiência do autor de mais de vinte e cinco anos na escola básica, como coordenador de disciplina e de curso de formação de professores, e como professor em cursos de formação de professores – inicial e continuada – desde 2001.
Salvador
Guillot, Gérald. "Des objets musicaux implicites à leur didactisation formelle exogène : transposition didactique interne du suíngue brasileiro en France". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040011.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfro-Brazilian music are now part of the rich French cultural landscape. They are heavily practiced in the associative world and used as a mean with high educational potential by a growing number of music teachers. But analysis of these musical productions reveals the disappearing of the suíngue brasileiro, a pan-African morphophoric microtiming phenomenon that participates to the founding of the Afro-Brazilian repertoire. Questioning the reasons for this absence, we implements a triple methodological lighting calling together musicology, disciplinary didactics and cognitive psychology. Based on a theoritical framework from cognitive anthropology and enabling a fertile dialogue between Anthropological Theory of Didactics and Theory of Didactic Situations, we show that the suíngue brasileiro is a musical object intricated in a praxeology where cognitive perception of the teacher is critical to ensure its transmission
Durante muitos anos, as músicas afro-brasileiras irrigaram uma parte da cultura musical francesa.Participando de uma modificação da educação musical escolar em França, elas estãoassim utilizadas como um dispositivo com um potencial educativo importante (sobretudo noplano do jogo coletivo, e da oralidade), pelo um número crescente de professores de educaçãomusical da escola do 1° grau . No entanto, elas têm características únicas (especialmente musicaise didáticas) que as tornam a priori incompatíveis com o nosso sistema educativo. Naverdade, na mudança de paradigma induzido pela passagem de uma transmissão informal endógenapara um ensinamento formal exógeno, postulo que o conceito de transposição didáticapode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta para a compreensão do ato educativo considerado,com a condição de realizar algumas adaptações. Chamados de "transculturais", alguns saberesfundamentais e implícitos são filtrados pela percepção cognitiva ocidental : é o caso do nossoobjeto de pesquisa, uma organização microrítmica que participa da fundação do repertórioafro-brasileiro. Por isso, acredito que, na sua esperança benevolente para fazer descobrir aoaluno a música do outro, o professor é confrontado com as suas próprias (etno)centrações soba forma de inferências cognitivas e culturais "inadaptadas" sobre aqueles objetos musicaisverdadeiramente exóticos. Essas percepções enviesam sua própria aprendizagem e induzemtransformações duráveis dos saberes no meio ambiente de recepção. Baseado sobre uma perspectivaantropo-cognitiva, a nossa problemática é pluridisciplinar por essência : ela integraconceitos da musicologia, das ciências cognitivas, da antropologia e, claro, da ciência da educação
Salgado, Maurício de Mattos. "A transposição museográfica da biodiversidade no aquário de Ubatuba: estudo através de mapas conceituais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81133/tde-25072011-135504/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work analyses the museographic transposition of the biodiversity concept in an exhibit of Aquario de Ubatuba, Ubatuba, SP. Biodiversity is a complex concept. Originally developed in ecology and the natural sciences, it was quickly integrated in a variety of fields and, often, with different and new meanings and interests. The importance of biodiversity for our society grows, and thus the need to better understand the educational processes that involve it. This research\"s objective is to understand the transformations that biodiversity goes through while being transposed from graduation textbooks to the marine ecosystems aquarium exhibit. The decision to use textbooks to represent reference knowledge is based on the notion that textbooks represent established theories and concepts of the academic community in question, the biology, ecology one. To allow comparison of knowledges in such different states as textbooks, exhibit texts and aquarium tanks, concept maps were used as an analysis tool. In order to study the academic knowledge, 3 graduation textbooks were used, selected by questioning major universities which were the most used ecology textbooks by their teachers. To study the aquarium, an interview with the Director and founder, as well as fully transcribing exhibit texts that belonged to the ecosystem exhibit. A method for describing the aquarium tanks, by using three depth levels, was developed and used in the tanks present in the marine ecosystems exhibit. The concept maps produced by these two units of analysis (books and exhibits) pointed to a much more species diversity focused biodiversity in the textbooks. This emphasis was not found in the exhibit that was preeminently focused around behavioral diversity. Man\"s role and relation with biodiversity while well present and explained in textbooks, connected with environmental threats but also with conservation, had little to show in the exhibit. Careful analysis of the maps allows differentiating the museographic characteristics of each exhibit object. While tanks were clearly adapted to communicating behavioral diversity, they were not good at showing genetic diversity, absent at the exhibit, but present in the academic knowledge as part of the definition of biodiversity. Determining knowledges present in the exhibit through the usage of concept maps is a useful tool in exhibit planning, as well as understanding the different roles that each object can play in communicating the concepts present in the exhibit. This research not only shows how each object in the studied exhibit is suited for teaching an aspect of biodiversity not really explained in depth by textbooks, the behavioral diversity, but also presents a method to produce concept maps of complex exhibit objects, contributing for future research.
Oliveira, Adriano Dias de. "Biodiversidade e museus de ciências: um estudo sobre transposição museográfica nos dioramas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81133/tde-20072010-161201/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study had as main objective to analyze how the theme of biodiversity, as regards the way in which it is worthy and the values assigned to it, appears in dioramas of exhibitions at science museums. To this end, the research aimed to understand the processes of transformation of scientific discourse to the expository speech, and the theoretical concept of didactic transposition, understood here as museographic transposition. The focus on biodiversity due to the proportions that the term has in recent decades, in which it surpassed the limits scientific, and incorporated into new meanings to it, and that in turn has required different educational strategies of the sites that aim to use it as an instrument of coordination in science education. The reasons that led us to delineate this work are the questions on the topic of biodiversity and as an educational area, in particular museums, deal-making in the use of one of its objects more traditional exhibition, the dioramas. Were selected for this research two national museums - Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia and Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUC/RG Museum of Natural History Capon of Imbuia and Museum of Science and Technology of the PUC / RS - where analyzed two dioramas of each. Up becoming configured as a qualitative data collection occurred through interviews with scientists investigating biodiversity and one charge of each museum studied, dioramas of observation and document analysis. For reasons of analysis were created from the theoretical about biodiversity and museographic transposition the following categories divided into two groups: levels of biodiversity: genetic, species and ecosystems, biodiversity values: economic, ecological and conservation. Overall we found that the dioramas and their texts have similarities to address biodiversity. The categories of levels of species and ecosystems dominated these assemblies, probably due to the historical relationship of dioramas with ecology. However, it is important to note that the texts centralize your information only in animals, and that no species of plant is mentioned in them. In one of the dioramas was identified information concerning the categories of biodiversity values. From their statements of interviewed museums and what was observed in the dioramas, we found that the factors that imply that some of our categories have not been found to be related to museum issues and frequently overlap. Such data reveal the existence of different fields of knowledge, the noosphere museum, present in the drafting of dioramas. Finally, we believe that this work reinforces the efficiency of dioramas to portray the diversity of the public science museums, which also provides a method of expository description of these objects for future research.
Gahamanyi, Marcel. "Mathematics at work : a study of mathematical organisations in Rwandan workplaces and educational settings". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för studier av vuxenutbildning, folkbildning och högre utbildning (VUFo), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60260.
Pełny tekst źródłaFör att göra matematiken betydelsefull för avnämarna är problemområdet som studeras i denna avhandling hur den matematik som finns i samhället kan överbryggas till en undervisningskontext. Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka hur man kan kontextualisera skolmatematik i kulturella praktiker i Rwanda. I avhandlingen belyses först matematisk organisation på tre arbetsplatser – i en taxiverksamhet, hos en byggmästare och hos en restaurangägare. Matematik i dessa verksamheter utgör underlag för att konstruera uppgifter för lärarstudenter inom ämnet matematik som först löser uppgifterna och sedan i sin tur konstruerar uppgifter för elever motsvarande årskurs nio i grundskolan. Uppgifterna konstrueras med utgångspunkt i den information studenterna fått om de tre verksamheterna. Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av individuella intervjuer, gruppintervjuer och bandinspelade gruppdiskussioner samt studenters och elevers nedtecknade lösningar på respektive uppgifter. Data analyserades med hjälp av aktivitetsteori och antropologisk didaktisk teori. Resultaten från arbetsplatserna visade att matematisk organisation kännetecknades av tekniker som är funktionella för de problem som behövde lösas, de kulturella villkor som förelåg och deltagarnas utbildningsbakgrund. Så länge som teknikerna ledde till önskade mål för verksamheten fanns inga behov att utveckla tekniken som kännetecknades av en matematisk organisation med outvecklad logos. I kontrast till denna strategi sågs studenter och elever i respektive miljöer redovisa de tekniker som användes och motivera dem i enlighet med vad som krävs inom matematikämnet. Den matematiska transpositionsprocessen som utfördes av deltagarna i de olika miljöerna influerades i hög grad av rådande institutionella villkor och begränsningar.
Kneubil, Fabiana Botelho. "O percurso epistemológico dos saberes e a equivalência massa-energia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-16032015-151339/.
Pełny tekst źródłaA considerable amount of research on Physics Teaching has been performed in the last decades. In Brazil, the insertion of modern Physics in high schools has already been considered by a number of researchers, mostly regarding methodologies and strategies. In this work, we have approached the same subject, but emphasized internalistic matters. Our main interest was to follow the epistemological path of a theme of modern Physics, the mass-energy equivalence, from the scholar realm to the classroom. We began by making a revision of the mass concept in three different frameworks, namely classical mechanics, electromagnetism and relativity, with the purpose of amassing evidence that the properties of inertia and attractibility, which were attributes of matter in Newtonian mechanics, shift to the energy, in relativity. This revision yielded a written material about the theme, motivated by the perception that discussions of the formula E=mc2 are practically absent from textbooks used in both high school and basic courses at university. Our text was used to develop a didactic sequence about the concept of mass, employing the design based research methodology, followed by a course aimed at high school teachers, run by an invited implementer teacher, who had already experience at university. This teacher had access to the text produced before the design, took part in preparatory meetings and helped to develop an instruction manual used in the course. In order to understand the flux of the mass concept along different spheres, we employed Chevallard\'s Didactic Transposition Theory. This allowed the definition of the Didactic Intention of the course, which was decomposed into five components: mathematics, ordering, signification, epistemology and re-signification. Our research question is related to the actions performed by the implementer teacher during the course and to his appropriation of the didactic intention. His classes were recorded and analyzed, using methods of qualitative research. The analysis of data has shown that there is a correlation between his difficulties in manifesting the didactic intention and innovative contents. As the course progressed and modern Physics contents appeared, the difficulty the teacher had in manifesting the didactic intention increased. Our results also indicate that these difficulties are directly related with the nature of scientific knowledge and, therefore, associated with the experience teacher had in dealing with epistemology.
Aignan, Fabien. "Ecologie et économie du fait religieux dans l'enseignement de l'histoire au collège et au lycée en France : une approche par la théorie anthropologique du didactique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0143.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespite the secularisation of the French society, religion takes an important place in our daily life. The religious fact is an important cog in the understanding of our world, and the teaching of it becomes a necessity.Our thesis focus on the teaching of history in secondary education, through the analysis of school textbooks published between 2008 and 2012, that correspond to a coherent set from year 7 to year 13. We grasp the phenomenon of didactic transposition of the ‘religious fact’ object within the textbooks. In the frame of the Anthropological Theory of didactics, we study the teaching of religious fact through its tool and set light on the praxeology complexes we can find in the history textbooks. In front of tasks we already find in the ‘tell’ ‘describe’, and ‘explain’ requirements, we can bring out the existence of different techniques that come under iconography or narration exploitationblurred outlines of the religious fact as an object, prevalence of monotheism, confinement of the subject in the past, our study brings light on large variations in the presentation of our subject and on the very cautious way the school treat with the teaching of the religious fact
Grivopoulos, Konstantinos. "Étude comparative des représentations sociales de l’atome en milieu scolaire, en France et en Grèce, en corrélation avec sa transposition didactique de 1945 à 2014". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3087/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaUnderstanding the social representation of a scientific concept may be useful to the teaching and learning of it. The central question of this dissertation, that belongs to the didactic of the Sciences, is the social representation of the atom in French and Greek middle and high school students. Simultaneously, the didactic transposition of this concept in the general scientific education of these two countries is studied, from 1945 up to today. Our theoretical foundation with regard to social representations, is comprised of the theory of didactic situations, the anthropological theory of didactic, and the theory of the central core. We have collected, processed and combined data comprised of student interviews, drawings and answers to questionnaires to study the social representations. Furhermore, we have designed a technique of didactic analysis of Physics and Chemistry high school textbooks. The obtained results were compared with those of textual analysis using the Alceste software. The comparison of the representation systems revealed both similarities and differences, due to peculiarities in the didactic transposition, in the two educational systems. In both systems, it is the planetary model of the atom and the notion of the atomic nucleus that occupy the central core of the representation, while the notions of the electron and the proton are placed in the near periphery. On the other, the nuclear dimension of the atom is very important to the French, while to the Greeks it is elements related to the modelling of the atom that dominate. In conclusion, teaching may be hindered by the activation of a representation process giving rise to systems of representation
Franzolin, Fernanda. "Conhecimentos básicos de genética segundo professores e docentes e sua apresentação em livros didáticos e na academia: aproximações e distanciamentos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-23082012-093226/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research had two main objectives. First, we aimed to identify basic Genetics topics that high school students need to become critical citizens, according to their teachers and university professors. Second, we aimed to determine how close textbook knowledge is to canonical knowledge of these topics. This study was conducted in two sites: São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) and Kalamazoo (Michigan, United States). Understanding Genetics is important for understanding other fields in Biology; moreover, Genetics is connected to many everyday issues. Knowledge in Genetics is constantly expanding; this generates reflection on the most important topics to teach. Textbooks are a didactical resource for teaching knowledge in genetics; but, at the same time, they require both didactical transposition and rigorous adherence to scientific knowledge. Thus, the current study interviewed high school teachers of Biology and University professors of Genetics and Molecular Biology (University of São Paulo and Western Michigan University). Data analysis was based on qualitative and qualitative methods. The presentation of knowledge on three topics: Meiosis, Mendels laws, and Gene expression topics, was analyzed by comparing high school textbooks to a bibliography of references. We adopted this bibliography of references as a representative of canonical knowledge, with some precautions. For example, we considered its didactical transposition, and we interviewed one of the authors of the main reference book adopted, Dr. Richard Lewontin, to clarify its elaboration procedures. In the textbook analysis, we considered the importance of rigor in scientific knowledge and the necessity of didactic transposition. Our results showed that a specific group of topics was preponderantly considered basic by interviewees in both contexts. These topics were: the Patterns of inheritance, Cell division, Molecular Genetics (DNA, Gene expression), Biotechnology, and Genes. We also showed that teaching Biotechnology was controversial among interviewees. Many interviewees said that the topics they considered basic were important for students to understand information received in their everday life and the expression of their own traits. However, to that end, we questioned whether it would not be important to place more emphasis on topics related to the expression of complex traits. The arguments presented in the interviews gave rise to reflections on the justification for teaching some topics. In the textbook analysis, the results showed that the relative frequency of approximations to the reference knowledge was higher than the relative frequency of differences from the reference knowledge. The frequencies of differences were almost the same in both contexts: 0.081 in Brazilian textbooks and 0.085 in American textbooks. The majority of differences occurred because some of the specific details related to the topics were omitted in the textbooks; however this did not change the main ideas. The identification of these differences may be useful for improving the didactic transposition of knowledge in Genetics.
Crisci, Rosamaria. "Etude des conditions de viabilité d'une approche basée sur l'algorithmique et la programmation pour l'apprentissage de la division euclidienne à l'école primaire". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM046.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of our thesis is to give a contribution to the study of the viability of an algorithmic- and programming-based approach to teaching and learning mathematical concepts in primary school. For this purpose, we have considered a teaching sequence on the concept of Euclidean division, created by researchers from the EXPIRE project in the programming environment of Scratch. We have focused on three lines of research: 1) the didactic modelling of knowledge relating to the sequence; 2) the study of the sequence's viability in the bosom of the French primary school curriculum; 3) the study of the conditions and constraints which weigh on the didactic transposition of the sequence in the context of an ecological approach.We subscribe to the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic and, more specifically, we have used a formalization of the praxeological model defined in T4TEL. Concerning the first line of research, thanks to a Reference Praxeological Model, we have built a knowledge pattern that highlights certain features of the praxeologies involved, considered problematic for didactic transposition through games. We have handled the second line through a statistical study of the pupils' productions collected before and after the implementation of the sequence. This research has involved approximately 2500 pupils from the 4th and 5th years of primary school in the 2017/2018 academic year. Lastly, to deal with the third line, we have shown the results of an analysis of didactic praxeologies made by five teachers during the internal didactic transposition of the sequence in their classes to bring forth and institutionalise the mathematical knowledge that is needed.The results suggest that such approach complies with the 2016 French primary school curricula institutional request of introducing an "initiation to programming", without impacting the school's ecology. The viability conditions shown in this study are related to the teachers’ necessity to take advantage of this approach's characteristics, creating some verbalization and de-contextualization actions during the process of internal didactic transposition
Pfeffer-Meyer, Victoria. "Contre-transposition didactique : identifier et caractériser des savoirs issus du "Faire - Ecrit" des professeurs - documentalistes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIML017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research focuses on the professional practices of librarian-teachers in schools and refers to the fields of information-documentation didactics, the intersection of the disciplines of Education and Training Sciences and Information Communication Sciences and the field of professionalisation. We consider the professional practices of the players as a means of contributing to the production of knowledge. The approach adopted for this study is descriptive, comprehensive and forward-looking. It invites us to (re)question professional practices, the posture of the librarian-teachers and the information-documentation training provided in schools. The study combines a number of methods: exploratory research, analysis of practices and activities described, disseminated and shared on blogs, and semi-structured interviews. It seeks to understand the epistemological and historical orientations of the didactic of information-documentation ; characterising and defining didactic objects; characterising the online writing processes produced on blogs. Through this longitudinal study, we aim to show that it is possible, by means of a « didactic counter-transposition », to understand professional practice, the « Dire – Ecrit », as a « space that generates knowledge and practices ». Our aim is to develop new knowledge in the didactics of information-documentation, but also to understand the online writing practices developed by librarian-teachers
Heizelmann, Marta Regina. "Entre conceitos e preconceitos: o discurso de pré-história nos livros didáticos de 2º grau, nas décadas de 1970 e 1980". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2004. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1068.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present study aims to analyze the didactic history book as its objects, more specifically the prehistorical chapter of High School books published while the Law 5.692/71 had been issued. With the theoretical support, especially on Foucault, Chartier, Goodson and Bittencourt it tries to perceive the didactic discourse on this historical period, under three variables: the historical time, the geographical space and the origins of mankind. While the analysis of the didactical discourse is based on the cientifical production available for the period, remitting to a didactic transposition, the work is in dialogue with the more recent questions that mobilize the researchers. Taking into consideration the power conferred to the didactical book, as authorized discourse for the formal education, it is always opportune to ask: What is the place of Prehistory in the History look? Is it possible to perceive the historiographic option of the author(s) in this discourse? Do the texts explicit the historicity of knowledge regarding the period? What is the relation between written text and the images? Do the contents presented contribute to perceiving the human condition in all its diversity, complexity and historicalness Do they serve to maintain historically preestablished concepts and preconceptions? These are the outstanding questions intended to be answered by this dissertation
O presente trabalho tem como objeto o livro didático de História, mais especialmente o capítulo de Pré-História, de livros publicados durante o período de vigência da Lei 5.692/71, para o Ensino Médio. Com o suporte teórico vindo especialmente de Foucault, Chartier, Goodson e Bittencourt, procura perceber o discurso didático sobre esse período histórico, a partir de três variáveis: o tempo histórico, o espaço geográfico e as origens da humanidade. Enquanto a análise do discurso didático se faz à luz da produção científica disponível no período, o que remete à transposição didática, o trabalho vai dialogando com as questões mais recentes que mobilizam os pesquisadores. Levando em consideração o poder que é conferido ao livro didático por ser um discurso autorizado para a educação formal, nunca é demais perguntar: Qual é o lugar da Pré-História no livro de História? É possível perceber a opção historiográfica do(s) autor(es) nesse discurso? Os textos explicitam a historicidade do conhecimento acerca do período? Qual a relação entre o texto escrito e as imagens? Os conteúdos apresentados contribuem para perceber a condição humana em toda sua diversidade, complexidade e historicidade? Estão a serviço da manutenção dos conceitos e preconceitos historicamente estabelecidos? Essas são as principais perguntas às quais se pretende responder por meio deste trabalho
Teixeira, Adriana Luzia Sousa 1980. "Autoria no livro didático de língua portuguesa = o papel do editor = The authorship in portuguese language textbook: the role of editor". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269653.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por objetivo principal analisar o papel do editor na autoria do Livro Didático de Língua Portuguesa (LDP). Tal objetivo se desdobra nos questionamentos sobre como a indústria editorial de livros didáticos tem funcionado na atualidade, qual é o papel do editor, quais são as práticas de produção envolvidas e de que maneira essas práticas influenciam na escolha dos objetos de ensino a serem transpostos no LDP. Para isso, lançando-se mão do estudo de caso como ferramenta metodológica, enfocam-se 2 (duas) editoras de livros didáticos de expressão nacional, cujos editores responsáveis pela área de Língua Portuguesa são entrevistados. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa, com abordagem metodológica - estudo de caso único incorporado, uma vez que aborda um contexto específico (a produção do LDP) a partir de análise de mais de uma unidade (duas editoras de livros didáticos). Como pano de fundo que sustenta as questões principais, há o contexto histórico do ofício de editor e as influências que o mercado editorial recebeu de programas do Governo para avaliação de livros didáticos - principalmente o PNLD. O referencial teórico apoia-se em discussões sobre a transposição didática (CHEVALLARD, 1991 [1985]), práticas sociais de referência (MARTINAND, 1984), ressignificação, gêneros, esferas e vozes (BAKHTIN, 1997; 1998; 2006) e questões sobre autoria individual e autoria institucionalizada (ALVES FILHO, 2005). Tal percurso se estabeleceu tendo em vista o tipo de autoria que o LDP congrega, posto que, por se tratar de um instrumento pedagógico, os agentes responsáveis por tal produção devem estar conectados a um universo de referência ao qual se aderem, a partir de uma ideologia. Dentre os agentes da produção, destaca-se o editor, que, mediante os dados das entrevistas, mostrou exercer importante influência na constituição do gênero LDP. Ele trabalha na situação de produção de tal gênero no sentido de atender a diferentes demandas do mercado escolar, seja o público, seja o privado. Além disso, pelo fato de instituir parâmetros pedagógicos e editoriais, ter uma atitude relacional com várias instâncias de produção e ainda trabalhar no ajuste das transposições e didatizações que serão realizadas na produção da obra, o editor passa a ocupar a posição de autor institucional, uma vez que todas as definições para a produção, que envolvem esse agente, são preestabelecidas em uma instituição
Abstract: This dissertation has as the main goal to analyze the role of the editor in the authorship of the Portuguese Language Textbook (PLT). Such goal unfolds throughout the questioning about how the textbooks editorial industry has worked nowadays, what the role of the editor is and what are the practices of production involved in are and how these practices influence the choice of the objects of study to be transposed in the PLT. To do so, availing case studies as a methodological tool, two national well-known textbooks publishers are focused, whose editors in charge of the Portuguese Language department are interviewed. Hence, this research is characterized as qualitative, with a -unique incorporated case study as methodological approach, since it approaches a specific context (the PLT production) starting from the analysis of more than one unity (two textbooks publishers). As a background which sustains the main questions, there is the historical context of the job of the editor and the influences the editorial market has received form Governmental programs for the evaluations of textbooks - mainly the PNLD [National Program of Textbooks]. The theoretical reference is based in debates about the didactic transposition (CHEVALLARD, 1991 [1985]), social practices of reference (MARTINAND, 1984), redefinition, genres, spheres and voices (BAKHTIN, 1997; 1998; 2006) and questions about individual authorship and institutionalized authorship (ALVES FILHO, 2005). Such course was established in view of the type of authorship that the PLT congregates, since it deals about a pedagogical instrument, the responsible agents for such production must be connected to a universe of reference to which they adhere, starting from an ideology. Among the production agents, the editor is highlighted, who, through the interviews data, has shown to exert an important influence in the constitution of the genre PLT. The situation of production of such genre is commanded by him in the sense of attending different demands from the school market, be it public, be it private. Moreover, the fact of establishing pedagogical and editorial guidelines, having a relational attitude with many instances of production and also working on adjusting the transpositions and didatizations which will be performed in the production of the piece, the editor starts to occupy the position of - institutional author, once all the definitions for production, which involves this agent are pre-established in an institution
Mestrado
Lingua Materna
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada
Silva, Aline Alves da. "Conceitos e transposição didática de genótipo e fenótipo: uma análise de livros didáticos". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3307.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The history and philosophy of science can be used as subsidies to improve science teaching, including biology. For this improvement to occur, it is necessary to carry out researches to raise the historical aspects of concepts elaboration related to the scientific content present in schools and also the materials to support teachers, like textbooks. For that purpose, a study, from the 1950s to the present day on the conceptual development of genotype and phenotype, was carried out to provide theoretical subsidies for the analysis of these terms in high school biology textbooks. This research is justified by the need to evaluate how the concepts are presented in textbooks, since there is a need to adapt and revise the concepts according to the academic research notes, and also how the mere "knowledge used" is transposed to the "knowledge taught". The general objective of this study was to analyze how the concepts of genotype and phenotype are introduced in textbooks for basic education system. To find out the following questions were asked: Are the concepts of genotype and phenotype presented and transposed to textbooks respecting the scientific knowledge of each era? Is there historical recurrence in these materials of how the definition of these concepts came to be? The methodology is qualitative in nature, comprising data content analysis, which consists of three steps: pre-analysis, coding and categorization. The process of analyzing didactic transposition was carried out according to the following elements: Transformation Outsourcing, Internal Transformation, knowledge programmability, context-bound, biological aging and aging moral distance, textualization of knowledge, didactic creations and the old/new dialectic. Analyzing the results it was evidenced that the concepts of genotype and phenotype present in the respective textbooks did not follow the understanding of the scientific community of each era. Generally, the delay of the didactic transposition occurs, with respect to the development of the scientific knowledge. It is understood that part of this delay is acceptable, since it is very difficult for textbooks to be edited at the time of scientific research. However, authors and editors need to be concerned with the updates that emerge from scientific production, and care must be taken to ensure that there is no distancing of decades between the concepts presented in the teaching materials in relation to the compressions accepted by the scientific community. Regarding to analysis of the elements of the didactic transposition, it was noticed that the books usually present the contents of genotype and phenotype in a synthetic way, which may make it impossible to develop the scientific literacy of the students, leading them to see the genetics in a deterministic way, without considering the internal and external interferences for the constitution of the phenotype.
A história e a filosofia da ciência podem ser utilizadas como subsídios para melhorar o ensino das ciências, dentre essas, a biologia. Para que essa melhora aconteça, é necessário realizar pesquisas cujo objetivo consista em levantar os aspectos históricos da construção dos conceitos relacionados aos conteúdos científicos apresentados em sala de aula e também nos materiais de apoio aos professores, como o livro didático. Com esse intuito, foi realizado um estudo, desde a década de 1950 até os dias atuais acerca do desenvolvimento conceitual de genótipo e fenótipo, para fornecer subsídios teóricos para a análise desses termos em livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio. Essa pesquisa se justifica pela necessidade de avaliar como os conceitos estão apresentados nos livros didáticos, uma vez que existe a necessidade de adequação e revisão dos conceitos conforme os apontamentos da pesquisa acadêmica, e ainda como são transpostos esses conhecimentos do “saber sábio” para o “saber a ensinar”. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar como os conceitos de genótipo e fenótipo são apresentados em livros didáticos destinados à educação básica. Para tal fim, realizamos os seguintes questionamentos: Os conceitos de genótipo e fenótipo são apresentados e transpostos para os livros didáticos respeitando os conhecimentos científicos de cada época? Apresenta-se recorrência histórica nesses materiais de como se chegou a definição desses conceitos? A metodologia é de natureza qualitativa, compreendendo a análise de conteúdo dos dados, que consiste em três etapas: pré-análise, codificação e categorização. O processo de análise da transposição didática foi realizado conforme os seguintes elementos: dessincretização do saber, despersonalização do saber, programabilidade do saber, publicidade do saber, envelhecimento moral/biológico, finalidade na textualização do saber, criações didáticas e a dialética antigo/novo. Ao analisar os resultados evidenciou-se que os conceitos de genótipo e fenótipo presentes nos respectivos livros não acompanharam a compreensão da comunidade científica de cada época. Geralmente, ocorre a demora da transposição didática, com relação ao desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico. Entendemos que parte dessa demora é aceitável, visto que, é muito difícil os livros didáticos serem editados no momento imediato ao desenvolvimento das pesquisas científicas. No entanto, os autores e editores precisam se preocupar com as atualizações que emergem da produção científica, e cuidar para que não haja distanciamento de décadas entre os conceitos apresentados nos materiais didáticos em relação às compressões aceitas pela comunidade científica. Quanto à análise dos elementos da transposição didática, percebemos que os livros geralmente possuem apresentação dos conteúdos de genótipo e fenótipo de uma forma sintética, o que pode impossibilitar o desenvolvimento da alfabetização científica dos alunos, levando-os a ver a genética de forma determinista, sem considerar as interferências internas e externas para a constituição do fenótipo.
Azevedo, Maria Cristina Paternostro Stella de. "Situações de ensino - aprendizagem: análise de uma seqüência didática de física a partir da teoria das situações de Brousseau". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-09102008-141845/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe starting point of this work is two courses that intend to update the curriculum of physics of the secondary school through the modern and contemporary physics insert. These courses make that Chevallard, in his Didactic Transpositions Theory, calls external transposition (from the wise knowledge for knowing to teach), has showed the possibility to elaborate and to implement didactic sequences to update the curriculum of physics of secondary school. This knowledge to teach, being transformed in knowing taught go through changes elaborated by the teacher. The relationships teacher-knowledge-student settles down at the classroom, in agreement with the situations proposed by the teacher that manages those relationships, through the one that Brousseau calls didactic contracts. Using the Didactic Situations Theory and the didactic contracts an analysis tool was built. The objective of this work is, through the observation of the classroom and using that tool, to verify the implemented situations and the succession of the didactic contracts shows the possibility a didactic sequence to turn it leaves of the school knowledge, for it being accepted by the students. The acceptance of the devolution by the student appears of this context as necessary condition, but no enough, that the learning happens.
Oueslati, Afifa. "L'activité de transposition professionnelle et didactique dans le travail de vulgarisatrices agricoles féminine en Tunisie". Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOL030.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile re-examining the concept of didactic transposition (DT) in a professional environment, we studied the work of female agricultural advisors in Tunisia. Two arguments are simultaneously defended. A) The limits of the concept of “didactic transposition” in analysing a work environment and the interest of the concept of “activity”. B) Women who act as agricultural advisors are creative workers rather than simple executants. We combined sociological, psychological, historical and cultural approaches, academic and vocational didactics, directly observing women in charge of agricultural extension, analysing interviews and documents, following the process of DT from the beginning to the end. We thus discovered that the process of DT only partly accounts for the reality of these women’s work, the analysis of their activity supplementing it. Transposition is not only didactic; it is also vocational and pragmatic. The prescriptive framework constitutes a referent for transposition; it also influences and constrains the women who are involved in agricultural extension. Transposition is the result of their activity which is socially, culturally and emotionally situated. We are thus better able to understand the diversity of the activities of transposition once they have been situated in a context and recognized in their individuality
Silva, Rodrigo Rosalis da 1985. "A transposição com expansão do conteúdo do livro didático de matemática para o tablet na perspectiva da teoria cognitiva de aprendizagem multimídia". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253920.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Tendo em vista as constantes discussões e acontecimentos no meio educacional no que se refere às novidades tecnológicas que surgem na sociedade e são inseridas na sala de aula, nesta pesquisa partimos do momento da inserção dos tablets no ensino público brasileiro, com o objetivo de discutir o desenvolvimento de uma transposição e expansão do conteúdo do livro didático impresso de matemática para o tablet. Procuramos mostrar que, para utilizar o tablet em sala de aula e desenvolver materiais para esse dispositivo, é importante focar no aluno, nos seus processos cognitivos e na sua aprendizagem, e não apenas nos recursos inovadores que uma tecnologia pode oferecer. De modo mais específico, foi tratado o seguinte problema: Como adaptar o conteúdo dos livros didáticos para os tablets, considerando seus efeitos na aprendizagem dos alunos? Esses dispositivos são muito utilizados para livros digitais, pois suas características beneficiam esse tipo de mídia. Partimos desses livros impressos ¿ os quais possuem um vasto e rico conteúdo constantemente avaliado ao longo dos anos, sendo protagonistas em diversas pesquisas acadêmicas ¿, procurando expandir e enriquecer seu conteúdo no tablet, de forma a acrescentar recursos de interatividade, vídeo, imagem e som. Para fundamentar nossas discussões, utilizamos a Teoria Cognitiva de Aprendizagem Multimídia e seus doze princípios para o desenvolvimento de uma Instrução Multimídia que proporcione uma Aprendizagem Multimídia de forma significativa. Para discutir essa transposição, pesquisamos sobre os tablets que serão disponibilizados na escola pública e realizamos uma análise de conteúdo sobre funções trigonométricas seno e cosseno em seis livros impressos do PNLD-EM 2009 ou 2012, a fim de conhecer as semelhanças no tratamento dos conteúdos em diferentes livros. Após conhecer bem os protagonistas (tablet e livro), realizamos a discussão teórica de desenvolvimento da transposição do conteúdo
Abstract: In view of the ongoing discussions and developments in the educational environment with regard to new technologies that arise in society and are inserted in the classroom, in this research we start from the time of insertion of the tablets in the Brazilian public education, with the aim of discussing the transposition of an implementation and expansion of the content of the printed textbook math for the tablet. Sought to show that, to use the tablet in the classroom and develop materials for this device, it is important to focus on the student in their cognitive processes and their learning, not only in innovative features that technology can offer. Specifically, the following problem was addressed: How to adapt the content of textbooks for tablets, considering its effects on student learning? These devices are widely used for digital books, because their characteristics benefit this type of media. We leave these printed books - which have a vast and rich content constantly evaluated over the years, being protagonists in several academic research - looking to expand and enrich its content on the tablet in order to add interactivity, video, image and sound . To substantiate our discussion, we use the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and its twelve principles for the development of a Multimedia Instruction that provides a significantly Multimedia Learning. To discuss this transposition, we researched on tablets that will be available at the public school and performed a content analysis on trigonometric functions sine and cosine in six books printed PNLD-IN 2009 or 2012 in order to meet the similarities in the treatment of the contents in different books. Once familiar with the protagonists (tablet and book), we performed the theoretical development of the transposition of the content.
Mestrado
Ensino de Ciencias e Matematica
Mestre em Multiunidades em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática
Mello, Yasmin Ribeiro Molinari. "A Problem?tica Hidrol?gica em Nova Igua?u/RJ vista a partir da Escola P?blica por meio dos Projetos de Trabalho no Ensino de Geografia". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2360.
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Coordena??o de Aperfiei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The present research deals with hydrological problems in the urban environment, more precisely in the municipality of Nova Igua?u, in the Engenho Pequeno neighborhood, analyzing socio - environmental modifications historically constructed in this area, showing how they influence the hydrological dynamics. The discipline of Geography is worked by the bias of the concept of Place, focusing on the reality of students' daily life, in order to understand the hydrological problems more easily, giving meaning to the teaching-learning process. These questions are contextualized in the CIEP 317 - Aur?lio Buarque de Holanda school, with classes of the 6th grade of elementary school through the methodology of the pedagogy of projects, which aims at a greater interaction between teacher / student, encouraging student research and autonomy. In order to put this methodology into practice, a project was carried out at this school, addressing the hydrological problem from the Engenho Pequeno neighborhood. The aim was to use dynamic activities that went beyond traditional teaching methods. The use of the pedagogy of projects allowed a greater involvement of students in school activities, encouraging teamwork and cooperation, adding to this methodology the use of the concept of Place, facilitated the understanding of the socioenvironmental issues present in the spatial clipping, encouraging the search for possible solutions to such problems.
A presente pesquisa aborda as problem?ticas hidrol?gicas no meio urbano, mais precisamente no munic?pio de Nova Igua?u, no bairro Engenho Pequeno, analisando as modifica??es socioambientais constru?das historicamente neste local, mostrando como as mesmas influenciam na din?mica hidrol?gica. A disciplina de Geografia ? trabalhada pelo vi?s do conceito de Lugar, focando na realidade do cotidiano dos estudantes para, desta forma, compreenderem com mais facilidade os problemas hidrol?gicos, dotando de significado o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Estas quest?es s?o contextualizadas na escola CIEP 317 ? Aur?lio Buarque de Holanda, com turmas do 6? ano do ensino fundamental atrav?s da metodologia da pedagogia de projetos, que visa uma maior intera??o entre professor / estudante, incentivando a pesquisa e a autonomia do estudante. Para colocar em pr?tica tal metodologia, foi realizado um projeto nesta escola, abordando a problem?tica hidrol?gica a partir do bairro Engenho Pequeno, buscou-se utilizar atividades din?micas que sa?ssem das metodologias tradicionais de ensino. O uso da pedagogia de projetos possibilitou um maior envolvimento dos estudantes nas atividades escolares, incentivando os trabalhos em equipes e a coopera??o, somando-se a esta metodologia o uso do conceito de Lugar, facilitou a compreens?o das quest?es socioambientais presentes no recorte espacial, incentivando a busca por poss?veis solu??es para tais problemas
Silva, Fernando Siqueira da. "Objetos-modelo no ensino de astronomia e o processo da transposição didática". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2011. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/422.
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An investigation on astronomy teaching using model-objects, modeling and didactic transposition was performed with 11 students of the last year of basic school. The activities were focused on the study of the following natural phenomena: a) the annual apparent movement of the Sun; b) the directions of sunrise throughout the year; and c) the length of the clear day in any place on Earth for any period of the year. Initially, the students were asked to respond several open questions with which it was possible to identify the students' preconceptions on these phenomena. We found, for example, a misconception on the wellestablished idea among students that the Sun “always” rises in the east and sets in the west. This concept seems widespread in all school levels. The ideas that the length of daylight throughout the year is the same for all regions of the Earth, the Sun reaches the zenith in Caxias do Sul - RS, and the seasons is a consequence of greater or lesser proximity of Earth to the Sun are other examples. After analysing the students conceptions, many of them wrong and at odds with scientific concepts, a didactic intervention was implemented to study the phenomena using learning environments enriched with model-objects which were used as teaching auxiliary tools. This teaching strategy allowed the students a recovery of conceptions, so that the ideas were further reviewed, explored and confronted. Finally, using semi-structured interviews, the students were invited to present their post-conception, after performing the activities of modeling, where they took the opportunity to demonstrate what has changed for them in terms of knowledge. The research showed us that learning environments enriched with model-objects for studying the a), b) and c) astronomical phenomena were, in general, valuable tools for the representation and understanding, improving the students' knowledge on some aspects of the reality of natural phenomena. Additionally, this study showed that model-objects didactics allowed the passage of knowledge taught to the wise, building the bridge between scientific knowledge and school knowledge.
NUNES, Lucila Maria Teixeira. "Forma??o em educa??o agr?cola: contribui??es na pr?tica pedag?gica do egresso professor dos institutos federais na ?rea dos saberes t?cnicos". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2174.
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The continuous teacher training looking to qualify for the improvement of their knowledge and pedagogical practice. In areas such as education, it is very common for graduate students already have training and experience teaching before entering the master's or doctorate in. But little is known about the graduate impact on their teaching practices and career. In this sense, the study of graduates becomes an indispensable mechanism to review the process of education as they are obtained concrete information about the course. The opinions and perceptions of these and the impact of the results of the activities are yet to be revealed are known. This research aimed to characterize the egress of the Graduate Program in Agricultural Education (PPGEA) teachers of the Federal Institutes in Brazil, from 2005 to 2013, and analyze the representation of the area of the egress of technical knowledge regarding the inference of training in Agricultural Education in their teaching and their commitment to the construction of the student's knowledge. The research presented Qualitative and quantitative approach in which exploratory activities of survey, systematization of data and dissertations of the graduates were imposed. The techniques of documentary research were employed from PPGEA information, literature from the query in books, journals and dissertations of graduates. Virtual form of use has been made to send the graduates belonging to the area of Knowledge Technical and ending with the analysis and interpretation of the content of the dissertations of graduates. The results revealed that, between 2005 and 2013, 413 teachers were titrated in Agricultural Education, with 64.4% represented by the education area in Education and Management and 35.6% of professionals from technical areas. Teachers of the Federal Institutes predominate in this amount, with 79%. The Southeast region was the one with the largest number of registered teachers, with 39.5% frequency. The population of Knowledge Technical Area graduates understood the total of 117, being distributed in areas of Education in Agribusiness, Environment, Animal Production and Plant Production. The responses to the questionnaire revealed that the predominant academic training of graduates took from degree courses, so they already had in their historical pedagogical disciplines. The teaching experience exceeded 15 years showing that the classification is relevant at any time professional career. About 63% of respondents graduates continued with continuity in training, with the entry into PhD programs and specializations. The graduates had to be satisfied (47.2%) their professional activities with regard to training by PPGEA promoting increased technical knowledge, remuneration and confidence to teach. The evaluation and improvement of the teaching-learning process occurred by applying the pedagogy of projects in which the students, community, local producers were involved promoting better interaction between theory and practice. Therefore, we can see the Graduate Diploma in Agricultural Education Program has provided teachers Area of Knowledge Technical changes and improvements in its performance, in relation to their teaching, whether from the practice of interdisciplinarity and contextualization for reflection and construction of knowledge.
A forma??o continuada para docentes busca a qualifica??o para o aperfei?oamento dos seus conhecimentos e pr?tica pedag?gica. Em ?reas como a de Educa??o, ? muito comum que os p?s-graduandos j? tenham forma??o e experi?ncia docentes antes do ingresso no mestrado ou no doutorado. Mas pouco se sabe sobre as repercuss?es da p?s-gradua??o nas suas pr?ticas pedag?gicas e na carreira. Nesse sentido, o estudo de egressos torna-se um mecanismo indispens?vel ao processo de avalia??o do ensino visto que s?o obtidas informa??es concretas sobre o curso. S?o conhecidas as opini?es e percep??es destes e ainda s?o revelados os impactos dos resultados das atividades desenvolvidas. Esta pesquisa visou caracterizar o egresso do Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o Agr?cola (PPGEA) no territ?rio brasileiro, no per?odo de 2005 a 2013, e analisar a representa??o do egresso da ?rea dos saberes t?cnicos em rela??o ? infer?ncia da forma??o em Educa??o Agr?cola na sua pr?tica pedag?gica. A pesquisa apresentou abordagem Quali-quantitativa na qual atividades explorat?rias de levantamento, sistematiza??es dos dados e das disserta??es dos egressos foram impostas. Foram empregadas as t?cnicas de pesquisa documental a partir das informa??es do PPGEA, pesquisa bibliogr?fica a partir da consulta em livros, peri?dicos e das disserta??es dos egressos. Fez-se uso de formul?rio virtual para envio aos titulados e finalizando com a an?lise e interpreta??o de conte?do das disserta??es dos egressos. Os resultados revelaram que, entre 2005 e 2013, foram titulados 413 mestres em Educa??o Agr?cola, sendo 64,4% representados pela ?rea de Ensino em Educa??o e Gest?o e 35,6% por profissionais de ?reas t?cnicas. Os docentes dos Institutos Federais predominam neste montante, com 79%. A regi?o Sudeste foi a que apresentou o maior n?mero de docentes matriculados, com 39,5% de frequ?ncia. A popula??o de egressos da ?rea dos Saberes T?cnicos compreendeu o total de 117, sendo distribu?dos em ?reas de Ensino em Agroind?stria, Meio Ambiente, Produ??o Animal e Produ??o Vegetal. As respostas dos question?rios revelaram que a forma??o acad?mica predominante dos egressos se deu a partir de cursos de licenciatura, logo estes j? apresentavam em seu hist?rico as disciplinas pedag?gicas. O tempo de doc?ncia ultrapassou os 15 anos, mostrando que a qualifica??o ? relevante a qualquer momento da carreira profissional. Cerca de 63% dos egressos respondentes prosseguiram com a continuidade na forma??o, com o ingresso em Programas de Doutorado e especializa??es. Os egressos apresentaram-se satisfeitos (47,2%) sua atua??o profissional em rela??o ? forma??o pelo PPGEA promovendo aumento do conhecimento t?cnico, da remunera??o e confian?a ao lecionar. A avalia??o e melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem ocorreram atrav?s da aplica??o da pedagogia de projetos na qual os discentes, comunidade, produtores locais foram envolvidos promovendo melhor intera??o entre teoria e pr?tica. Logo, percebe-se o Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o Agr?cola proporcionou aos docentes da ?rea dos Saberes T?cnicos mudan?as e melhorias em sua atua??o, seja em rela??o a sua pr?tica pedag?gica, seja a partir da pr?tica da interdisciplinaridade e da contextualiza??o para a reflex?o e constru??o do conhecimento.
Silva, Andr? Bastos da. "Evolu??o estelar no ensino de Ci?ncias". Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2017. http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/handle/tede/653.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB
In this dissertation we present as proposal the teaching of Star Evolution in the discipline sciences for students of the 9th year of elementary school. From this series, students have their first contact with study of the atomic structure, periodic table, chemical reactions, among other topics of physics and chemistry. Using Stellar Evolution, in an interdisciplinary way, we were able to discuss these obligatory contents and, in addition, we present new knowledge such as: the synthesis of chemical elements, nuclear reactions and other topics of Astronomy and Astrophysics. This approach allows students to gain access to modern physics content guided by NCPs, which in turn has been neglected in school curricula. Based on Chevallard's Didactic Transposition Theory, we analyze the aspects that make it possible to adapt the Wise Knowledge, Star Evolution, to the reality of basic education. To do so, we did initially a quantitative survey in textbooks, evaluating how the knowledge related to Astronomy has been presented. The second step was to perform a pre-test to evaluate students' prior knowledge, and then compare them with a post-test. The transposition of these contents indicated that the Star Evolution in conjunction with the science discipline makes learning more playful and meaningful, being a perfectly feasible proposal, as well as showing the results. In addition, we constructed a didactic game, an educational product that can be used as a tool that helps students learn the evolutionary processes of the stars.
Nesta disserta??o apresentamos como proposta o ensino de Evolu??o Estelar na disciplina ci?ncias para alunos do 9? ano do ensino fundamental. A partir desta s?rie, os alunos tem seu primeiro contato com estudo da estrutura at?mica, tabela peri?dica, rea??es qu?micas, entre outros t?picos de f?sica e qu?mica. Usando a Evolu??o Estelar, de um modo interdisciplinar, pudemos discutir estes conte?dos obrigat?rios e, al?m disso, apresentamos novos conhecimentos como: a s?ntese dos elementos qu?micos, rea??es nucleares e outros temas de Astronomia e Astrof?sica. Esta abordagem permite que os alunos tenham acesso a conte?dos de f?sica moderna orientados pelos PCN, que por sua vez, tem sido ainda negligenciado nos curr?culos escolares. Com base na Teoria da Transposi??o Did?tica de Chevallard, analisamos os aspectos que tornam poss?vel adequar o Saber S?bio e a Evolu??o Estelar, ? realidade do ensino b?sico. Para tanto, fizemos inicialmente um levantamento quantitativo em livros did?ticos, avaliando como os Saberes ligados a Astronomia tem sido apresentados. O segundo passo foi a realiza??o de um pr?-teste para avaliarmos o conhecimento pr?vio dos estudantes, e posteriormente compar?-los com um p?s-teste. A transposi??o destes conte?dos indicou que a Evolu??o Estelar em conjunto com a disciplina ci?ncias torna o aprendizado mais l?dico e significativo, sendo uma proposta perfeitamente vi?vel, assim como mostram os resultados. Ademais, constru?mos um jogo did?tico, produto educacional que pode ser usado como ferramenta que auxilie os estudantes no aprendizado dos processos evolutivos das estrelas.
Leite, Maria Letícia Felicori Tonelli e. Teixeira. "Muito Além da Dolly: as "novidades científicas" em sala de aula". Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2004. http://www.bdtd.ndc.uff.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=234.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work aims to understand teacher’s point of view on scientific news, specifically the ones concerning Genetics/Evolution/Biotechnology available information which arrives in classroom. Thus, the focus of the research rises upon the understanding of teachers’ attitudes and the variety of ways in which they use the scientific news within their classrooms. The research has used interviews as the main data collection strategy to build a case study with three biology schoolteachers. The main assumption of the work is that school subjects have a dynamic characteristic, changing according to the community upon which the school is placed, and that teachers build specific knowledge hemselves. From this perspective, the research targets to specify the mechanisms used by teachers to deal with tensions in classroom caused by the informing of counter-intuitive (and therefore surprising) scientific news. Taking into account how influent is the reference science to determine biology teaching contents at school,the research studies several interactions that teachers establish when confronted with different knowledge modalities. Also, these interactions can produce behaviours that range from scientific knowledge updating to specific ways to control a classroom. Finally, by the use of the current stage of biological knowledge and its social consequences, the research contributes to understand not only new trends in biology teaching, but also Genetics/ Evolution/ Biotechnology school subject contents.
PASSALACQUA, FRANCO. "La simulazione incarnata. Dalla trasposizione didattica alla narrativizzazione del sapere". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/158205.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs recent studies have shown, an increasing area in narratology has addressed its inquiry to the set of skills and abilities underlying narrative experience with the aim of exploring narrative as a non‐representational process dependent on a fictional structure (Walsh, Nielsen, Phelan 2014; Walsh 2007; Phelan 2007) or on the embodied engagement of the reader (Caracciolo 2014). At the same time an intense debate on embodied cognition and immersive simulative experience has been developing in the educational field of didactic (Rivoltella 2012; Rossi 2011; Holton 2010) promoting a learning/teaching approach focused on the value of situated cognition and sensorimotor perception. From this perspective, contemporary research on fictionality and embodied narrative experience reveals some interesting links with the didactic exploration of the learning value of simulative processes (Rivoltella 2014). On the one hand, the notion of didactic transposition – the artificial transition from knowledge regarded as a tool to be put to use, to knowledge as something to be taught and learnt (Chevallard 1985) – offers a useful theoretical insight into the learning function of immersive and simulative experiences of reading and listening to a narrative; on the other hand, the notion of consciousness enactment defined by Caracciolo (2014) as the merging process of readers’ story‐driven experience and of the experience attributed to the character represent sa valuable tool to be used both in teaching design and in student learning. The purpose of the thesis is to 1) provide arguments to establish a dialogue between narrative studies on embodied experience and research on in service teacher education; 2) argue in favour of a didactic transposition approach based on the consciousness enactment process and aimed at the development of previsional competence. In particular, the study focuses on the description of the process of narrativization of the knowledge through the analysis of teachers interviews The study follows a collaborative action research methodology, realized with two secondary school teachers. The project involves a total of 25 students of secondary school. Data analysis consists on examining each interview transcripts with 6 categories (3 from didactis; 3 fron narraology). Results from the qualitative analyses reveals: the influence of personal conceptions of the discipline on the teacher design and transpositional process; the role of narrative dynamics in taking to consideration, within the transpositional process, some didactic factor, such as student interests, students per-conceptions, prefiguration of students interpretation of the narrative.
Menssouri, Driss. "Essai de délimitation en termes de problématiques des effets de contrat et de transposition : le cas des relations entre droites et équations dans les classes de seconde et de première". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10122.
Pełny tekst źródłaYammine, Assaad. "L’éducation à la sexualité humaine au Liban : avancées et difficultés". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10137.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfter presenting the situation in Lebanon, the main didactic concepts and the different methodologies implemented, a first set of results compares the conceptions on sexuality and sex education (SE) of Lebanese and French teachers, using their responses to the questionnaire of the European project Biohead-Citizen. Lebanese teachers' conceptions differ very significantly from those of their French colleagues, showing some unity between them regardless of their religion, but correlated to a large degree of belief and religious practice: less favorable to abortion in any situation, less supportive of "safer sex" and against introducing of most of the themes of the SE. The political importance of confessions in Lebanon, including in the school system, led us to identify the positions of different religions on the SE: firstly from a bibliographical approach to their official positions, then from interviews with socioreligious leaders involved in the Lebanese educational system. This second set of results shows convergence on the framework and purpose of teaching human sexuality, and about the need and the way to control the Lebanese education system, but it also shows little nuances with strict Catholic positions in the refusal of some topics related to human sexuality as contraception, abortion and artificial insemination (Muslim positions on these topics are more flexible). These nuances extend to the SE: Islam considers the religious text as the reference for SE while Christianity establishes a detailed approach involving the parents. Finally, a third set of results is revealed by an analysis of the status of the current reality of the SE in Lebanese schools, using three approaches. In conclusion, our work can speculate on several filters, brakes and obstacles to the implementation of the SE in Lebanon. Many actors in the Lebanese education system (school principals, teachers, social and religious authorities) seem to misunderstand the nature, aim and the consequences of SE
Villaça, Jacqueline da Silva [UNESP]. "Ensino de ciências e a transposição didática: uma reflexão sobre o processo de transformação do conteúdo científico para o fazer docente". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90865.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Como proposta para reflexão da prática pedagógica foi oferecida uma oficina às licenciandas em pedagogia, seguida de um planejamento a partir do tema corporeidade, o qual foi posteriormente desenvolvido por elas. Tal procedimento foi realizado com o intuito de se avaliar se ele era capaz de auxiliar as licenciandas a redimensionar sua prática, à medida que buscava ampliar o conhecimento e considerava o processo de transposição didática, no fazer docente destas alunas. A oficina sobre corporeidade e sua prática pedagógica, nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental e educação infantil, foi iniciada com a investigação das concepções das licenciandas sobre corporeidade e sua prática pedagógica, incluindo o conhecimento que possuíam em relação às orientações dos RCNEI e PCNs sobre o tema. A partir de então, seguiram-se encontros semanais num total de 14, nos quais se realizaram discussões a partir de textos, seminários e aulas expositivas que trabalharam tanto linguagem corporal como metodologias, meios e estratégias de ensino e ainda, dinâmicas e representações em silhuetas. Seguiu-se então, a apresentação pelas licenciandas, divididas em grupos, de problemas relacionados ao tema corporeidade, vivenciados por elas em sala de aula e de planejamentos para trabalhá-los através de intervenções. Estas últimas foram gravadas em vídeo e apresentadas a toda turma de licenciandas, para serem discutidas por elas. Para finalizar, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a intenção de se esclarecer dúvidas e complementar informações coletadas durante todo esse processo. Os dados mostram que as idéias iniciais apontadas pelas licenciandas sobre corporeidade e sua prática se relacionavam a temas como autoconhecimento, autonomia, desenvolvimento biopsicossocial e relações com o meio. As licenciandas apontaram como ponto importante para...
Concerning the study of didactic transposition, it was offered, in a timetable subject, a workshop for pedagogy licensed teachers, which was included at its end, the arrangement of an intervention with nursery and primary school students, under the theme body-language. With the aim of evaluating if this process could help the teachers on remeasurement of its pedagogical practice, the workshop included two phases: the first was aimed on expand the teacher's knowledge on body-language and the second, when the learning process was discussed, with reference on the arrangement and the teaching act, aware of the scientific content didactic transposition developed by the licensed for the subject to be taught. The workshop initiated with a research on the licensed's conception about body-language and its practice, including their own ideas about the RCN and PCNs orientation. There were weekly meetings (14 in a total), where there were discussions about texts, lectures, expositive classes, besides activities (mirror, statue, silhouette) related to the body identity, gender, image and expression, besides symbology, followed by reflection and discussion that worked, with the researcher and the discipline teacher, both the body language and the teaching methodologies, means and strategies. To this step, it was followed the presentation, by the licensed organized in groups, of problems related to the theme body-language, experienced by them in class, and the arrangement to work them through interventions. These last ones were recorded in video and presented to all the licensed for discussion and evaluation about the pedagogical practice. Finally, there were semi-structured interviews with the aim of provide to the licensed the opportunity of solving doubts, expressing their difficult points and moreover, complement the collected information during the whole process... (Complete abstract, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Liu, Yang. "Syllogistic Analysis and Cunning of Reason in Mathematics Education". Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27173.
Pełny tekst źródłaSERPA, Almir de Lima. "O saber a ser ensinado sobre medição de comprimentos com o uso do paquímetro em um curso profissionalizante". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18684.
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O objetivo desta dissertação foi investigar o ensino da medição de comprimentos para estudantes da disciplina Metrologia em um curso profissionalizante do Programa Nacional de Ensino Tecnológico – PRONATEC, sob responsabilidade do Ministério da Educação – MEC (BRASIL, 2011). Tais alunos estão, simultaneamente, matriculados em uma escola pública do ensino médio regular da Região Metropolitana do Recife. Nessas escolas, como se sabe, eles estudam as disciplinas Matemática e Física. Além disso, escolhemos focalizar nosso trabalho no ensino do uso do paquímetro, dispositivo amplamente utilizado nas medições de comprimento, no âmbito da indústria, dos serviços profissionais e nas ciências. O quadro teórico adotado é a transposição didática (Chevallard, 1991). A medição de comprimento requer a consideração de vários conceitos matemáticos, entre os quais o de número racional (a medida de comprimento) bem como o da incerteza do resultado dessa medição (o “erro de medida”). Optamos por investigar materiais didáticos disponíveis para os estudantes do citado curso, em particular duas apostilas de Metrologia e as coleções de Matemática de Física. Esses materiais foram analisados do ponto de vista de se constituírem um dos elementos que cumprem o papel de meios da transposição didática dos saberes em jogo. A análise dos dados obtidos revelou vários pontos em que o saber estabelecido no campo das grandezas e da medição de grandezas é abordado de modo inadequado, nos materiais didáticos examinados. Isso conduz à hipótese de que fica comprometida nesses materiais uma transposição didática que se apresente como um instrumento eficaz de aprendizagem dos estudantes.
The aim of this work was to investigate the teaching of length measurement for students Metrology course in a course of the National Technological Education Program - PRONATEC, under the Ministry of Education - MEC (BRAZIL, 2011). Such students are simultaneously enrolled in a public school in regular high school in the Metropolitan Region of Recife. In these schools, as we know, they study subjects Mathematics and Physics. In addition, we chose to focus our work in teaching the use of vernier caliper, widely used device for length measurements in the industry, professional services and science. The theoretical framework is the didactic transposition (Chevallard, 1991). The length measurement requires consideration of various mathematical concepts, including the rational number (gauge length) as well as the uncertainty of the result of measurement (the "measurement error"). We chose to investigate teaching materials available to students of that course, in particular two booklets Metrology and collections of Mathematical Physics. These materials were analyzed from the point of view of constituting one of the elements that play the role of means of didactic transposition of knowledge into play. The data analysis revealed several points where the established knowledge in the field of quantities and measured variables is addressed improperly in teaching materials examined. This leads to the hypothesis that is compromised in these materials a didactic transposition that is presented as an effective learning tool for students.
Servat, Alexandre. "Do saber sábio ao saber ensinado: indicativos sobre a transposição didática do conceito evolução biológica". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/881.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe scientific production undertaken in multiple strands of science is faced with a significant problem that is the selection, adaptation or reformulation of the knowledge produced by scientists in order to make it accessible to teaching. The concept of biological evolution was selected for this study because it is considered a unifying concept and structuring of biological knowledge. By understanding the process of didactic transposition of the concept of biological evolution substantially tangent social, cultural and epistemological instances, we adopt the KVP model (Knowledge (K), values (V) and Social Practices (P) of didactic transposition) to guide the analysis data. In this context, the general objective of the research is to investigate indicative of the didactic transposition of the concept of biological evolution, since the levels of scientific production to the processes of teaching and learning process of basic education. To do so, the implementation process has led us to investigate the concept of biological evolution present in the last five years in two Brazilian scientific journals that discuss epistemological aspects of biology; clarify the research on biological evolution in textbooks of secondary education and research on conceptions of biological evolution of biology teachers (Higher and Secondary Education) as well as those on conceptions of biological evolution of Basic Education students - always by bank analysis of theses and dissertations of capes. Furthermore, we analyzed the National Curriculum Guidelines for courses in Biological Sciences, in order to verify that introduce the concept of biological evolution as a unifying element of biology, and the role that the concept of biological evolution assumes the National Curricular Parameters for High School to thus identify similarities and differences of scientific knowledge about biological evolution and knowledge built in the context of the classroom. The work consisted in a survey of state of the art, conducted by analysis of PCNEM, the Curriculum Guidelines for courses in biological sciences, dissertation and thesis database Capes and scientific journals that discuss epistemological aspects of biology. The results of our research show that the academic production of knowledge Wise (TDE), referring to biological evolution, presents both discussions regarding the construction of the synthetic theory of evolution as elements of pre-synthesis and post-synthesis. As for more contemporary discussions, proposing the expansion of the synthetic theory of evolution, it has notes about evo-devo, epigenetics, plasticity and phenotypic xi accommodation, niche construction, multilevel selection and exaptations. Recent discussions suggest overcoming the genecentrista vision and uniqueness of natural selection as an explanatory foundation for the evolutionary process. However, research indicated that there is a delay period of relatively large didactic transposition between the expanded discussions of concepts such as evolution, epigenetics and gene and inserting these concepts in school curricula and textbooks. In additio
A produção científica realizada nas múltiplas vertentes da ciência defronta-se com uma problemática significativa que é a seleção, a adaptação ou reformulação do conhecimento produzido pelos cientistas de modo a torná-lo acessível ao ensino. O conceito de evolução biológica foi selecionado para esta pesquisa por ser considerado um conceito unificador e estruturante do conhecimento biológico. Ao entender que o processo de transposição didática do conceito de evolução biológica tangencia substancialmente instâncias sociais, culturais e epistemológicas, adotamos o modelo KVP (Conhecimento (K), Valores (V) e Práticas Sociais (P) de transposição didática) para guiar a análise dos dados. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral da pesquisa é investigar indicativos do processo de transposição didática do conceito de evolução biológica, desde os níveis de produção científica até os processos de ensino e aprendizagem da Educação Básica. Para tanto, o processo de execução nos levou a investigar sobre o conceito de evolução biológica presentes nos últimos cinco anos em duas revistas científicas brasileiras que discutem aspectos epistemológicos da biologia; a explicitar as pesquisas realizadas sobre evolução biológica em livros didáticos do Ensino Médio e as pesquisas realizadas sobre concepções de evolução biológica de professores de biologia (Ensino Superior e Médio) bem como aquelas sobre concepções de evolução biológica de alunos da Educação Básica sempre mediante a análise do banco de teses e dissertações da capes. Além disso, analisamos as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de Ciências Biológicas, de modo a verificar se apresentam o conceito de evolução biológica como elemento unificador da biologia, e o papel que o conceito de evolução biológica assume nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio para, assim, identificarmos aproximações e distanciamentos do conhecimento científico sobre evolução biológica e os saberes construídos no contexto de sala de aula. O trabalho constituiu-se em uma pesquisa de Estado da Arte, realizada mediante a análise dos PCNEM, das Diretrizes Curriculares para os cursos de ciências biológicas, do banco de teses e dissertação da Capes e de revistas científicas que abordam aspectos epistemológicos da biologia. Os resultados de nossa pesquisa demonstram que a produção acadêmica do Saber Sábio (TDE), referente à evolução biológica, apresenta tanto de discussões referentes à construção da teoria sintética da evolução como elementos ix de períodos pré-síntese e pós-síntese. Quanto às discussões mais contemporâneas, que propõe a expansão da teoria sintética da evolução, tem-se apontamentos sobre a evo-devo, epigenética, plasticidade e acomodação fenotípica, construção de nicho, seleção multiníveis e exaptações. As discussões mais recentes propõem a superação da visão genecentrista e a exclusividade da seleção natural como fundamento explicativo para o processo evolutivo. Entretanto, a pesquisa indicou que há um período de demora da transposição didática relativamente grande entre as discussões ampliadas de conceitos como evolução, gene e epigenética e a inserção desses conceitos nos programas de ensino e nos manuais didáticos. Além disso, há limitações na apresentação da teoria sintética da evolução nos manuais didáticos e na prática de ensino dos docentes.
Bernad, Karine. "Une contribution à l'étude de conditions et de contraintes déterminant les pratiques enseignantes dans le cadre de mises en oeuvre de parcours d'étude et de recherche en mathématiques au collège". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0338.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe framework of this research is the anthropological theory of the didactic (ATD), from which it uses the notion of a study and research path (SRP) as well as the model of praxeology. It studies the determination of the elements of a teacher’s a praxeological equipment which is considered useful in the implémentation of a monodisciplinary SRP, for the French mathematics programs’ teaching beetween 2013-2015. The study is divided into two related questions. Firstly, which didactic praxeologies could be regarded as useful to achieve the objectives of the project under consideration ? Secondly, what is likely to explain the difficulties encountered in the diffusion and reception of such didactic praxeologies with teachers ? We study the conditions and constraints on the internal didactic transposition’s process that two teachers undertook starting from the appropriation of a provided document, describing the targeted mathematical and didactic organizations, up to its implementation in the classroom. This inquiry develops a clinical study, allowing to analyze the dimensions of the didactic praxeologies activated by teachers, in which their personal relations to mathematics, and to mathematics teaching and learning and to the teaching profession arise. These didactic praxeologies, when confronted with the study of the third teacher’s appropriate praxeological equipment, highligth a dominant epistemological model and reveal needs for the development of mathematical and didactic infrastructures
Nascimento, T?nia Maria Nunes. "Forma??o continuada em servi?o e o Programa Gestar: um estudo sobre a pr?tica de professores de l?ngua portuguesa". Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/159.
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This research aims to investigate the teaching practice undertaken by teachers with training in Portuguese, turning their attention to the development of activities in the classroom, with more specific interest in knowing how these teachers with training in Learning Management Program - Gestar make use of their knowledge to perform the Didactic Transposition. The research develops from three questions: a) Do the teachers who participate in Gestar formation program have their practice founded on the epistemological guiding principles of the course? b) What is the conception of language that permeates the Portuguese language these teachers' teaching activities? c) How do the teachers with training in Gestar Program appropriate the knowledge and performs the Didactic Transposition? The research fits the principles of qualitative research and based on that foundation the individual interviews content and data collected during the observations of the Portuguese classes from four teachers were analyzed. The research aligns with the theoretical contributions of Applied Linguistics and uses the concept from Bakhtin?s Theory on Language (2012), specifically the interactions between subject and language as a social, historical and dynamic phenomenon, and refers also to the Didactic Transposition Theory following Chevallard?s assumption (1991) and Rafael?s discussions (2001), and other relevant theorists to the discussion. As a result of our analysis we found that the Gestar formation imprints a low range in changing on the Portuguese teaching classroom practices, although it exert high influence in teacher?s education and understanding of the language and education concepts that should guide professional practice. The results lead us to reflect the need for strengthening and deepening the discussions about the transposition of academic knowledge into school knowledge.
Esta pesquisa prop?e investigar a pr?tica docente assumida por professores com forma??o em L?ngua Portuguesa voltando sua aten??o para o desenvolvimento de atividades em sala de aula, com interesse mais espec?fico em conhecer de que modo esses professores com forma??o no Programa de Gest?o da Aprendizagem Escolar - Gestar) se apropriam do conhecimento adquirido para realizar a Transposi??o Did?tica. A pesquisa se desenvolve a partir de tr?s questionamentos: a) Em que princ?pios epistemol?gicos professores que participam da forma??o do Gestar alicer?am sua pr?tica? b) Qual a concep??o de linguagem que permeia as atividades de ensino de l?ngua portuguesa dos professores que participam do Gestar? c) De que modo o professor com forma??o no Programa Gestar se apropria do conhecimento e realiza a Transposi??o Did?tica? A investiga??o se enquadra nos princ?pios da pesquisa qualitativa e com base nessa fundamenta??o foram analisados conte?dos das entrevistas individuais e dados coletados durante as observa??es das aulas de L?ngua Portuguesa de quatro professoras. A pesquisa se alinha com os aportes te?ricos da Lingu?stica Aplicada e recorre a teoria da concep??o de l?ngua de Bakhtin (2012), especificamente a rela??o entre sujeito e linguagem como um fen?meno social, hist?rico e din?mico e recorre, ainda ? teoria da Transposi??o Did?tica seguindo os pressupostos de Chevallard (1991) e as discuss?es de Rafael (2001), al?m de outros te?ricos pertinentes ?s demais discuss?es. Em decorr?ncia de nossa an?lise constatamos que a forma??o do Gestar imprimi baixo alcance na mudan?a das pr?ticas de sala de aula no ensino de L?ngua Portuguesa, embora exer?a alta influ?ncia na forma??o do professor e na compreens?o a respeito das concep??es de linguagem e de ensino que devem orientar o exerc?cio profissional. Os resultados nos levam a refletir a necessidade de fortalecimento e aprofundamento das discuss?es a respeito da transposi??o do saber acad?mico em saber escolar.
Assude, Teresa. "Un phénomène d'arrêt de la transposition didactique : écologie de l'objet "racine carrée" et analyse du curriculum". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10190.
Pełny tekst źródłaSantana, Terezinha. "Formação continuada de professores e transposição didática". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9602.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research shows the importance of continued education and didactical transposition for teachers who believe in improving the education offered in public school. The research took place in the formative meetings of teachers in the area of science, promoted by the Education Department in Cajamar-São Paulo, and E.M.E.B. Jardim São Luiz , and in the meetings of HTPC and in classrooms with the following participants: science teacher and seven students from sixth grade in 2010. The study aimed to investigate how the studies and meetings carried out in the questioning continued training, appear within the classroom and as a guiding question: Are there didactical transposition of knowledge studied by the teacher in continuing education and in their daily practice work? We find answers from our attendance at training meetings conducted in the Department of Education, and HTPCs in the classroom with the school studied the application of techniques: interviews, questionnaires, observation and photographs. Therefore, from this study confirms the hypothesis that continuing education was a unique space for reflection and discussion that contributed to the passage of scientific knowledge for knowledge to be taught to know and subsequently taught and learned knowledge. It became evident through analysis of data the importance of continuing education as a space that allowed the didactic transposition. It features a survey of the qualitative approach, so we used the types of field researches, documentary and bibliographic research. The discourse analysis of teacher, shows that the continuing education of educators is to improve educational enabler, reflecting on their practice, for an exchange of experiences with peers and participation in planning the content of Sciences that the schools considered important to be worked in elementary schools It was also through the speech of the participants of the research they learned the content covered in class thus leading to a didactic transposition. The research pointed that there is lack of adequate spaces to invest in learning as a research laboratory, library, gardening maintenance, and care of the purchase of new computer for the computer room. Certainly, with these spaces furnished to facilitate the development experience, observation, exploration and care for the environment. Even without these spaces, it became evident from the analysis of speech of students, that there were didactical transposition of the contents studied in continuing education for the scope of the classroom. Finally, this study confirmed that continuous education and didactic transposition are tied intrinsically
A presente pesquisa mostra a relevância da formação continuada e transposição didática para os educadores, que acreditam na melhoria da Educação oferecida na escola pública. A investigação realizou-se nos encontros de formação de educadores da área de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental II, promovidos pela Secretaria de Educação de Cajamar,SP, no distrito de Jordanésia e na E.M.E.B. Jardim São Luiz , no distrito de Polvilho, nos encontros de HTPC e em sala de aula, com os seguintes participantes: o professor de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental II e 07 (sete) alunos da 5ª Série A (6º Ano), em 2010. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar de que forma os estudos e as problematizações realizadas nos encontros de formação continuada aparecem no âmbito da sala de aula. E como pergunta norteadora: há transposição didática dos conhecimentos cientifícos estudados pelo professor na formação continuada e em sua prática cotidiana de trabalho? Encontramos respostas plausíveis, a partir da nossa frequência nos encontros de formação realizados na Secretaria de Educação, nas HTPCs e na sala de aula da 5ª Série A (6º Ano) da escola pesquisada. Portanto, a partir desse estudo, confirma-se a hipótese de que a formação continuada foi um espaço ímpar de reflexão e discussão, que contribuiu para a transposição didática, isto é, na passagem do saber científico para o saber a ensinar e, sucessivamente, para o saber ensinado e saber aprendido. É uma investigação com características da abordagem qualitativa, por isso utilizou-se das pesquisas de campo, bibliográfica e documental. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, questionário, observação e fotografia. Na análise do discurso do professor, denotou-se que a formação continuada possibilitou ao educador aprimoramento pedagógico, reflexão sobre as suas práticas, momentos de troca de experiências com seus pares e participação na elaboração dos conteúdos de Ciências que a rede considerou indispensáveis serem trabalhados no Ensino Fundamental II. Constatou-se, por meio dos discursos dos alunos participantes da pesquisa, que houve transposição didática, pois eles aprenderam os conteúdos abordados pelo professor em sala de aula. A pesquisa aponta que há falta de espaços adequados para investir na aprendizagem, como: laboratório de pesquisa, biblioteca, manutenção da horta, cuidado com a jardinagem e aquisição de novos computadores para a sala de informática. Certamente, com esses espaços equipados, facilitaria o desenvolvimento de experiência, observação, exploração e o cuidado com o meio ambiente. Mesmo sem esses espaços, evidenciou-se, a partir da análise dos discursos dos sujeitos, que houve transposição didática dos conteúdos estudados na formação continuada para o âmbito da sala de aula. Finalmente, confirmamos, nesse estudo, que formação continuada e transposição didática estão vinculadas intrinsecamente
Aguiar, Marcia. "O percurso da didatização do pensamento algébrico no ensino fundamental: uma análise a partir da transposição didática e da teoria antropológica do didático". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-01042015-135259/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe teaching of algebra in the last three years of elementary school has been reduced to a point aimed at training and to set rules and algebraic procedures. Apparently, textbooks corroborate this view of teaching algebra. On the other hand, we know that in the textbook are didactic intentionalities, in a way, to all who participate in the teaching process. In the teacher, who often only have the textbook and material to prepare their lessons, will lie the responsability to turn it in the knowledgment which will be taught in the classroom. Algebra is a science predominantly taught in the school and it is relevant to enable the students to understand the current technological and scientific development. Therefore, it seems that the teaching of algebra in 7th, 8th and 9th grades of elementary school should contribute to the construction of an algebraic thinking, overcoming the routinized practices. The objective of our work is to analyze how that grade level books allow the construction of algebraic thinking. In other words, to investigate the route of didactization algebra in elementary school or, more properly, in textbooks. For this analysis, we will use the theories of Didactic Transposition and Anthropological Theory of Didactic proposed by Yves Chevallard. These theories provided a deeper analysis of the materials and also prove to be a consistent tool to assist teachers in their teaching. We analyze three teaching materials: two textbooks, which came from the list of approved books in PNLD-2011 and the Booklet prepared by the state government of São Paulo from the proposed São Paulo Faz Escola. With this analysis we can see that the programmability of knowledge legitimized by the noosphere prevents many innovations in didactization concerning the teaching of algebra and some books still keeps teaching algebra facing the training procedures and resolutions. On the other hand, we did find other paths of didactization in which an education directed to the development of algebraic thinking prevails.
Carvalho, Priscila Silva de. "Textos de divulgação científica em livros didáticos de ciências: uma análise à luz da teoria da transposição didática". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2945.
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The science textbook has been representing, over the years, an instrument of strong representation in the school environment, with the promotion of scientific education from elementary school. Because of this representativeness, research has been carried out in the last decades, resulting in several criticisms about the quality of the textbook. Faced with the social and cultural reality in which each student lives, aiming to bring scientific knowledge to the lay public, changes were proposed in the textbook, one of them being the incorporation of TDC (text of scientific dissemination), with the aim of bringing the Students to the process of learning science. The present work presents an analysis about the relationship between the TDC and its correspondence with didactic texts present in science textbooks. The data collection was based on the websites of the Ministry of Education - MEC, the National Institute of Studies and Research in Education - INEP and the Guide to the Science Didactic Book - final series - 2014, regarding the distribution of textbooks in Municipality of Foz do Iguaçu / PR. This research identified the texts of scientific dissemination of two science textbooks for the 7th year of elementary school, among the textbooks most adopted by the teachers of the municipality. In the possession of the book distribution numbers by city, it was possible to verify that the collections most adopted by teachers in public schools in the city of Foz do Iguaçu / Paraná / Brazil were: "Natural Sciences - Learning with everyday life" and "Teláris Project". In order to analyze the texts of scientific dissemination present in the textbook of science, we use as theoretical reference the categories of didactic transposition proposed by Yves Chevallard (2008). As a result of the interaction analysis of the didactic text with the texts of scientific dissemination, from the perspective of didactic transposition, adaptations and modifications were identified in some texts of scientific dissemination incorporated in the didactic book of sciences, contributing in the contextualization of scientific knowledge for the lay public and creating opportunities to make the textbook more attractive to the reader. Therefore, it is important to understand the process of didactic transposition by the authors of textbooks and a greater rigor in the processes of incorporation of these texts, since the TDCs are important didactic resources in the didactic relation between teacher, student and knowledge.
O livro didático de ciências vem representando, ao longo dos anos, um instrumento de forte representação no ambiente escolar, com a promoção da educação científica a partir do ensino fundamental. Em razão dessa representatividade, pesquisas foram realizadas nas últimas décadas, tendo como resultado várias críticas sobre a qualidade do livro didático. Diante da realidade social e cultural em que vive cada aluno, visando aproximar o saber científico do público leigo, foram propostas mudanças no livro didático, sendo uma delas a incorporação de TDC (texto de divulgação científica), com o intuito de aproximar a cotidianidade dos alunos ao processo de aprender ciências. O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise sobre a relação entre o TDC e sua correspondência com os textos didáticos presentes em livros didáticos de ciências. O levantamento dos dados teve como referência os sites do Ministério da Educação – MEC, do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação - INEP e do Guia do Livro Didático de Ciências - séries finais - 2014, referente a distribuição dos livros didáticos nas escolas do município de Foz do Iguaçu/PR. Esta investigação identificou os textos de divulgação científica de dois livros didáticos de ciências destinados ao 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental, dentre os livros didáticos mais adotados pelos professores do município. De posse dos números de distribuição de livros por cidade foi possível constatar que as coleções mais adotadas pelos professores em escolas públicas do município de Foz do Iguaçu/Paraná/Brasil foram: "Ciências Naturais - Aprendendo com o cotidiano" e "Projeto Teláris". Com o propósito de analisar os textos de divulgação científica presentes no livro didático de ciências, utilizamos como referencial teórico as categorias de transposição didática proposta por Yves Chevallard (2008). Como resultados da análise de interação do texto didático com os textos de divulgação científica, na perspectiva da transposição didática, foram identificados adaptações e modificações em alguns textos de divulgação científica incorporados no livro didático de ciências, contribuindo na contextualização do saber científico para o público leigo e criando oportunidades de tornar o texto didático mais atraente ao leitor. Portanto, torna-se importante a compreensão do processo de transposição didática por parte dos autores de livros didáticos e um maior rigor nos processos de incorporação desses textos, pois os TDCs são importantes recursos didáticos na relação didática entre professor, aluno e conhecimento.
Santana, Rafael de Jesus. "Formação e atuação do professor de química : um estudo sobre a transposição didática dos modelos atômicos". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5194.
Pełny tekst źródłaEste trabalho teve como objetivo investigar como ocorreu a transposição didática dos modelos atômicos no curso de licenciatura em Química da Universidade Federal de Sergipe e em duas escolas da Rede Pública Estadual do Ensino Médio de Aracaju-SE. Ao longo do estudo, buscamos expor uma discussão entre teóricos no que se refere à formação e atuação de professores, transposição didática e modelos atômicos, visando demonstrar as diferentes percepções acerca dessa temática que tem sido pesquisada e discutida por vários pesquisadores. Utilizamos como suporte teórico para a discussão da transposição didática, as contribuições de Chevallard (1991), que a define como o trabalho que faz um objeto de saber a ensinar, um objeto de ensino. Escolhemos investigar um dos conceitos basilares da química, os primeiros modelos explicativos de constituição da matéria, porque a química, enquanto ciência, procura explicar a natureza utilizando modelos (representações teóricas). Esta pesquisa teve como abordagem a análise qualitativa e quantitativa, apoiando-se no método comparativo, por meio de categorias pré-definidas através da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2010). Utilizamos como instrumentos para coleta de dados, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e provas, respectivamente aplicadas às professoras e aos alunos. Desta forma, a amostra da pesquisa foi definida por quatro ex-alunas da UFS e professoras de duas escolas da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Aracaju-SE, sendo uma centro de excelência (em que os alunos estudam em dois turnos) e a outra escola em que os alunos estudam em apenas um turno, e quarenta alunos, sendo vinte de cada escola pesquisada, escolhidos aleatoriamente. Procuramos analisar a transposição didática dos modelos atômicos em dois níveis: do professor que aprende a ser professor, no curso de formação inicial da Universidade Federal de Sergipe e do professor de Ensino Médio que faz a transposição didática dos modelos atômicos para os alunos. Além disso, buscamos assinalar e co-relacionar os saberes aprendidos pelos discentes sobre os modelos atômicos com os saberes que as professoras dizem ter ensinado. Os dados coletados e organizados em categorias apresentaram indicativos de que a transposição didática dos modelos atômicos foi realizada de forma insuficiente.
Damasceno, Sidney Alessandro da Cunha. "Formação continuada de professores de ensino religioso: do conteúdo das ciências das religiões à prática na sala de aula de ER". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8781.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The focus of this thesis was to investigate whether the Continuous Training of Religious Teaching Teachers contributes with these teachers in the teaching of the subject: ‘function and values of the religious tradition’. It was selected the descriptive and bibliographical research, as well as, the social applied in accordance to the alternative mode of action research in a qualitative approach. The present research is structured into three segments: The first one presents an analysis of the extract of the taped interviews, that were individually taped, with each teacher under contract to work at the educational system offered by the City Hall in the city of João Pessoa, to act professionally in teaching the curriculum component of Religious Studies (RS). The same teachers take part at a teachers training modality. They have to be present at that course, which has been enhanced by the mentioned institution since 2006. In the second chapter, from the inferences about the Didactic Transposition of knowledge about Religious Studies to the curricular component of RS, it was presented the contributions of the theory of Didactic Transposition, according to Yves Chevallard, to the professional educational practice in RS. The third chapter confronts the results identified from the statements of the interviewed teachers to some of the most recent literary works related to RS and new perspectives of education for the twenty-first century. It also offers an analysis and the possibility of developing a teamwork with the prospect of setting up a national reference in terms of the relevant class of scientists, teachers and institutions involved in the research of RS and with epistemological foundation in Religious Studies so that experts are able to guide the curricular component of RS more satisfactorily, as well as, the training of a teacher to work on it.
O epicentro de nossa dissertação buscou investigar se a Formação Continuada de Professores de Ensino Religioso contribui com os professores no ensino do tema “função e valores da tradição religiosa”. Selecionamos a pesquisa descritiva e bibliográfica e a social aplicada, conforme o modelo alternativo de pesquisa-ação, com abordagem qualitativa. Estruturamos nossa pesquisa em três segmentos: No primeiro, apresentamos um extrato da análise das entrevistas gravadas separadamente com cada professor contratados, como prestadores de serviço, pela Rede Municipal de Ensino de João Pessoa, para atuarem profissionalmente na docência no componente curricular de Ensino Religioso. Os quais participam da modalidade de formação continuada presencial aprimorado na instituição desde o ano de 2006. No segundo capítulo, a partir das inferências a respeito da transposição didática dos conhecimentos da(s) Ciência(s) da(s) Religião(ões) para o componente curricular de ER, apresentamos as contribuições da teoria da Transposição Didática, conforme Yves Chevallard, para o exercício profissional docente no ER. O terceiro capítulo confronta os resultados identificados a partir das falas dos professores entrevistados com algumas das obras literárias mais recentes relacionadas ao ER e às novas perspectivas da educação para o século XXI. Bem como, oferece uma análise e possibilidade do desenvolvimento de um trabalho em equipe com a perspectiva da constituição de um referencial nacional em função da relevante categoria dos cientistas, professores e instituições envolvidos com a pesquisa do ER, com fundamentação epistemológica na(s) Ciência(s) da(s) Religião(ões), para orientar mais satisfatoriamente o componente curricular de ER e a formação profissional de um professor para nele atuar.
Slovinscki, Luciano. "O experimento da borracha quântica : uso de analogias para o entendimento do quântico pelo clássico". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169564.
Pełny tekst źródłaStudies about Teaching Physics in Brazil, supported by official documents in Education and by the necessity, increasingly noticeable, of curriculum update, indicate and promote a greater articulation of topics of Modern and Contemporary Physics (MCP) in High School physics classes. Based on this overview, this work suggests an educational proposal underpinned by David Ausubel’s Meaningful Learning theoretical framework to present a qualitative approach of fundamental principles of Quantum Mechanics, from a historical perspective and supported by scientific facts that preceded Erwin Schrödinger's interpretation of quantum theory. The concepts delivered to the students were based on six postulates of Quantum Mechanics and went through a process of didactic transposition according to Yves Chevallard's theory, in a way to adapt the content to students level of knowledge. According to Ausubel’s theory, the decisive factor for learning depends on what the student already knows, and thus the meetings were based, whenever possible, on analogies between the quantum and the classical approach. To reach the learning objectives, we used a wide range of real and virtual experiments. The use of computational simulations proved to be a valuable tool to support teaching. The quantum eraser experiment, in particular, central figure of this didactic proposal, allowed the demonstration and discussion of all the addressed concepts. Results showed that most of students could assimilate what was intended to be taught, suggesting meaningful learning. The project was implemented in the Military College of Porto Alegre to a group of 36 students, mostly from the third year of high school, during the second semester of 2016.
Sousa, Wellington Batista de. "Física das radiações: uma proposta para o Ensino Médio". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81131/tde-17092012-141621/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe society has questioned what should be taught in science learning, including both \"why\" and \"what for\" some subjects should be taught. This kind of discussion occurs also inside the educational environment. Presently the science teaching is not connected to the reality of the student, because teaching has not related to scientific innovations, no updated themes are discussed in the classroom. In this work the curricular updating is inserted through the inclusion of Modern and Contemporary Physics topics, as suggested in the PCNEM and PCNEM+. This proposal consists of a didactic sequence of a course on Radiations Physics appropriated to the high school teaching. The concept of \"markers\" and \"structurating-markers\" is discussed within the Didactic Transposition Theory. \"Markers\" are established through the proposed activities, which are supposed to be the essential ones to the learning sequence.
Lima, Sandra Maria Alves de. "A Transposi??o Did?dica dos G?neros do dom?nio do discursivo publicit?rios nos livros did?ticos". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16254.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdvertising text has been a subject of many investigations, because of its multimodal universe. Embodied by a linguistic and discursive materiality laying on scene persuasion, argumentation and power imagery of multissemiotics elements, the advertising text acts as an instrument of power, creating and destroying, promising and denying (CARVALHO, 2007). Advertising not only invites us to act for it, but directs us to look at it. It was under this moving look - of charm and interrogations - that discussions raised in this research were born. Investigations are directed to the school environment, in special, for the discursive advertising domain in Portuguese Language Textbook. It is from this environment that was born our research whose main objective is to analyze how does the didactic transposition of textual genres, described by Marcuschi (2008) as belonging to the "advertising" discourse domain (focusing on advertising genre) in didactic books teaching Portuguese Language before and after the advent of the PCN. Textbooks taken as reference for the study are historically situated in the 90s of the twentieth century and 10 century. Such books refer to elected 7th and 8th grades, currently corresponding to the 8th and 9th grades of elementary school. The choice is justified by the fact that in these Textbook teaching series the presence of advertising domain is recurrent and "didactized". In addition, we are also concerned in analyzing books that circulated around us and our regional reality. Hence, we elected books that were used by two public high schools: Municipal School Clementina Ana da Concei??o in Ja?an? city in the Rio Grande do Norte state, State School for Elementary and High school Carlota Barreira in Areia city, Para?ba state. In our research the following categories of analysis were highlighted: (1) presence of advertising in DB, (2) fluctuation terminology: concepts and classifications; (3) The complexity of concepts facilitation, (4) what they propagate, and from which nature are the explored advertisements. From our analysis, we observe how the treatment of textual "advertising" genres have been inserted into Textbooks, and how occurs, in general, their didactic transposition. Focusing on the issue of fluctuating terminology, we noted the difficulty in drawing boundaries between the genres of advertising domain in the Textbooks. However, this also would result in the complexity - in the field of scientific knowledge - of delimiting genres of the same domain. To accomplish our studies, it was required a thorough and systematic dialogue with theories regarding the concept of "Didactic Transposition", due to the theoretical Chevallard Yves (1991), research on the textual genres - Bezerra (2005), Marcuschi (2008), Bazerman (2005), Swales (2004), among others - and studies involving the field of "Advertising" - Sandmann (2002), Carvalho (2007) and others
O texto publicit?rio tem sido objeto de muitas investiga??es, dado o seu universo multimodal que lhe constitui. Consubstanciado por meio de uma materialidade lingu?stica e discursiva que coloca em cena a persuas?o, a argumenta??o e a pot?ncia imag?tica de elementos multissemi?ticos, o texto publicit?rio atua como instrumento de poder, criando e destruindo, prometendo e negando (CARVALHO, 2007). A publicidade n?o s? nos convida a agir por ela, mas nos direciona a olhar para ela. Foi sob esse movimento de olhar de encanto e de interroga??es que nasceram as discuss?es levantadas nesta pesquisa. As investiga??es s?o direcionadas para o espa?o escolar, em especial, para os g?neros do dom?nio discursivo publicit?rio no Livro Did?tico de L?ngua Portuguesa (LDP). ? a partir desse ambiente que nasceu nossa pesquisa, cujo objetivo central ? analisar como se realiza a transposi??o did?tica dos g?neros textuais, descritos por Marcuschi (2008) como pertencentes ao dom?nio discursivo publicit?rio (centrando-se no g?nero propaganda), em livros did?ticos de ensino de L?ngua Portuguesa antes e depois do advento dos PCN. Os livros did?ticos (LD) tomados como refer?ncia para o estudo situam-se, historicamente, nos anos 90 do s?culo XX e 10 do s?culo XXI. Tais livros eleitos referem-se ?s 7? e 8? s?ries, atualmente correspondentes aos 8? e 9? anos do ensino fundamental. A escolha se justifica pelo fato de ser nos LDP dessas s?ries de ensino que a presen?a do dom?nio publicit?rio ? recorrente e didatizado . Al?m desse recorte, ocupamo-nos em analisar livros que circularam pr?ximo de n?s e de nossa realidade regional. Da?, elegermos livros que foram utilizados por duas escolas de ensino p?blico: Escola Municipal Ana Clementina da Concei??o (EMACC) do Munic?pio da cidade de Ja?an?, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte; Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e M?dio Carlota Barreira (EEFMCB) da cidade de Areia, Estado da Para?ba. Foram destaques, em nossa investiga??o, as seguintes categorias de an?lise: (1) Presen?a da propaganda nos LD; (2) Flutua??o terminol?gica: conceitos e nomenclaturas; (3) A complexidade da facilita??o de conceitos; (4) A natureza das propagandas: o que propagam. A partir de nossa an?lise, observamos como o tratamento dos g?neros textuais publicit?rios vem sendo inserido no LD e como ocorre, de modo geral, sua transposi??o did?tica. Centrando-se na quest?o da flutua??o terminol?gica, observamos a dificuldade dos autores dos LD em tra?ar limites entre os g?neros do dom?nio publicit?rio no LD. Todavia, isto poderia ter como consequ?ncia, tamb?m, a complexidade que h? no campo do saber cient?fico -em delimitar g?neros de um mesmo dom?nio. Para efetivar nossos estudos, foi necess?rio um di?logo profundo e sistem?tico com teorias relativas ao conceito de Transposi??o Did?tica , do te?rico Yves Chevallard (1991), pesquisas sobre os g?neros textuais Bezerra (2005), Marcuschi (2008), Bazerman (2005), Swales (2004), dentre outros e estudos que envolvem o campo da Publicidade e Propaganda -Sandmann (2002), Carvalho (2007) e outros
SANTOS, Marilene Rosa dos. "A transposição didática do conceito de área de figuras geométricas planas no 6º ano do ensino fundamental : um olhar sob a ótica da teoria antropológica do didático". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5375.
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Cette thèse a eu pour objectif d’analyser le éloignement entre la pratique institutrice de l’enseignant de mathématiques et l’approche du livre didactique par lui adopté, à la 6e année primaire, par rapport au concept d’aire sur des figures géométriques planes. La base théorique est établie sur le modèle d’aire en tant que grandeur, proposé dans les travaux de Douady et Perrin-Glorian (1989), Bellemain et Lima (2002), Bellemain (2013) et dans la Théorie de la Transposition Didactique bien comme dans la Théorie Anthropologique du Didactique, toutes les deux développées par Chevallard (1991; 1999) et ses collaborateurs. La méthodologie est fondée sur une approche qualitative, à caractéristique ethnographique, par une analyse des organisations mathématique et didactique du livre didactique et de la pratique institutrice de l’enseignant de mathématiques d’une école publique municipale de la Cidade do Paulista. Les résultats indiquent qu’il existe bien une relation entre l’approche du livre didactique et la pratique institutrice. Toutefois, cette relation est divergente sur beaucoup d’aspects (Types de tâches et techniques abordées, technologies et théories, exploration de techniques, organisation didactique), et convergente sur d’autres aspects (définition et approche conceptual du concept d’aire). Il a été possible d’observer qu’il y a une distance considérable entre l’approche didacticisme du livre didactique et la pratique institutrice par rapport au concept d’aire, qui peut être influencée par la conception de l’enseignant à propos de l’enseignement des mathématiques et par sa relation avec notre objet d’étude.
Essa tese teve por objetivo analisar o distanciamento entre a prática docente do professor de matemática e a abordagem do livro didático adotado por ele, no 6º ano do ensino fundamental, em relação ao conceito de área de figuras geométricas planas. A fundamentação teórica está alicerçada no modelo de área enquanto grandeza proposto nos trabalhos de Douady e Perrin-Glorian (1989), Bellemain e Lima (2002), Bellemain (2013) e na Teoria da Transposição Didática e Teoria Antropológica do Didático, ambas desenvolvidas por Chevallard (1991; 1999) e seus colaboradores. A metodologia se baseia em uma abordagem qualitativa de cunho etnográfico, que consistiu na análise das organizações matemática e didática do livro didático e da prática docente do professor de matemática de uma escola pública municipal da Cidade do Paulista. Os resultados indicam que existe, sim, uma relação entre a abordagem do livro didático e a prática docente. No entanto, essa relação é divergente em muitos aspectos (Tipos de tarefas e técnicas abordadas, tecnologias e teorias, exploração de técnicas, organização didática) e convergentes em outros (definição e abordagem conceitual da área de figuras planas). Também foi possível perceber que há uma distância considerável entre a abordagem didática do livro didático e da prática docente em relação ao conceito de área, que pode estar sendo influenciada pela concepção que o professor tem sobre o ensino de matemática e pela relação que ele tem com o objeto de estudo.
Villaça, Jacqueline da Silva. "Ensino de ciências e a transposição didática : uma reflexão sobre o processo de transformação do conteúdo científico para o fazer docente /". Bauru : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90865.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Aida Victoria Garcia Montrone
Banca: Claudio Bertolli Filho
Resumo: Como proposta para reflexão da prática pedagógica foi oferecida uma oficina às licenciandas em pedagogia, seguida de um planejamento a partir do tema corporeidade, o qual foi posteriormente desenvolvido por elas. Tal procedimento foi realizado com o intuito de se avaliar se ele era capaz de auxiliar as licenciandas a redimensionar sua prática, à medida que buscava ampliar o conhecimento e considerava o processo de transposição didática, no fazer docente destas alunas. A oficina sobre corporeidade e sua prática pedagógica, nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental e educação infantil, foi iniciada com a investigação das concepções das licenciandas sobre corporeidade e sua prática pedagógica, incluindo o conhecimento que possuíam em relação às orientações dos RCNEI e PCNs sobre o tema. A partir de então, seguiram-se encontros semanais num total de 14, nos quais se realizaram discussões a partir de textos, seminários e aulas expositivas que trabalharam tanto linguagem corporal como metodologias, meios e estratégias de ensino e ainda, dinâmicas e representações em silhuetas. Seguiu-se então, a apresentação pelas licenciandas, divididas em grupos, de problemas relacionados ao tema corporeidade, vivenciados por elas em sala de aula e de planejamentos para trabalhá-los através de intervenções. Estas últimas foram gravadas em vídeo e apresentadas a toda turma de licenciandas, para serem discutidas por elas. Para finalizar, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a intenção de se esclarecer dúvidas e complementar informações coletadas durante todo esse processo. Os dados mostram que as idéias iniciais apontadas pelas licenciandas sobre corporeidade e sua prática se relacionavam a temas como autoconhecimento, autonomia, desenvolvimento biopsicossocial e relações com o meio. As licenciandas apontaram como ponto importante para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Concerning the study of didactic transposition, it was offered, in a timetable subject, a workshop for pedagogy licensed teachers, which was included at its end, the arrangement of an intervention with nursery and primary school students, under the theme body-language. With the aim of evaluating if this process could help the teachers on remeasurement of its pedagogical practice, the workshop included two phases: the first was aimed on expand the teacher's knowledge on body-language and the second, when the learning process was discussed, with reference on the arrangement and the teaching act, aware of the scientific content didactic transposition developed by the licensed for the subject to be taught. The workshop initiated with a research on the licensed's conception about body-language and its practice, including their own ideas about the RCN and PCNs orientation. There were weekly meetings (14 in a total), where there were discussions about texts, lectures, expositive classes, besides activities (mirror, statue, silhouette) related to the body identity, gender, image and expression, besides symbology, followed by reflection and discussion that worked, with the researcher and the discipline teacher, both the body language and the teaching methodologies, means and strategies. To this step, it was followed the presentation, by the licensed organized in groups, of problems related to the theme body-language, experienced by them in class, and the arrangement to work them through interventions. These last ones were recorded in video and presented to all the licensed for discussion and evaluation about the pedagogical practice. Finally, there were semi-structured interviews with the aim of provide to the licensed the opportunity of solving doubts, expressing their difficult points and moreover, complement the collected information during the whole process... (Complete abstract, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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