Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Dictionaries (Punjabi)

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Dictionaries (Punjabi)”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Dictionaries (Punjabi)"

1

Gul, Sarah, Musarrat Azher i Sana Nawaz. "Development of Saraiki WordNet by Mapping of Word Senses: A Corpus-based Approach". Linguistics and Literature Review 7, nr 2 (29.10.2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.72/04.

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This paper aimed to develop the Saraiki WordNet. Saraiki is one of the regional languages spoken in Pakistan and has a unique history of its own. Saraiki language is remarkably similar to two languages, namely Punjabi and Sindhi. Saraiki has different dialects and each dialect is representative of the region where it is spoken. This paper used the Urdu WordNet (Zafar, Mahmood, Shams & Hussain, 2014) as the basis for the formation of Saraiki WordNet. Urdu WordNet (Zafar et al., 2014) was created by UET Lahore and is based on Princeton WordNet (Miller, 1990). Dictionaries or lughats and literary sources, such as poetry, fiction, as well as non-literary sources, such as newspapers of Saraiki language, were used to extract data. Additionally, Urdu word senses were mapped onto Saraiki word senses. The method used in this study was mapping, while the expansion approach was used in the mapping process. This study may aid in creating bilingual dictionaries (of Saraiki and Urdu?) in the future. Keywords: expand approach, mapping, Saraiki language, WordNet
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Khokhlova, L. "Semantic domain of falling in three related Indo-Aryan languages: Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi and Gujarati". Acta Linguistica Petropolitana XVI, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 638–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/alp2306573716120.

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The paper defi nes cognitively relevant aspects of falling situations that obtain their specifi c lexical coding in three Western Indo-Aryan languages: Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi and Gujarati. The study employs the methodology proposed by the Moscow Lexical Typology Group implying description and comparison of lexical items through their combinability properties. This method demands resorting to a number of sources and tools: dictionaries, fi ction, on-line resources and specially designed questionnaires used in fi eldwork. The paper reveals the main parameters and frames that govern the lexical choice in the domain of falling in Western NIA. The dominant lexemes of the domain — h.-u. girnā, p. ḍignā, g. paṛvuⁿ — cover the largest share of all relevant frames. Meanwhile certain situations of falling can lie within the scope of both the dominant lexeme and a lexeme with more specifi c semantics, e.g. homophonic cognates: h.-u. ṭapaknā, p. ṭapakṇā, g. ṭapakvuⁿ ‘to drip, to knock’ describing falling of rape fruits. There are also contexts where the usage of the dominant lexeme is prohibited; in these cases, using a specialized word is the only way to lexicalize the situation (e.g. falling of precipitations in Punjabi). Special attention is paid to metaphorical shifts — both shared by Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi and Gujarati and attested only in one or two languages. It is shown that the cognates h.-u. paṛṇā, p. paiṇā, g. paṛvuⁿ develop the most extensive sets of fi gurative meanings. Besides metaphorical shifts, the verbs h.-u. paṛṇā, p. paiṇā,g. paṛvuⁿ undergo grammaticalization processes and acquire inceptive, resultative and some other grammatical usages. Presumably, the verbs paṛṇā and paiṇā occupied diachronically the dominant position in the fi eld of falling, in Hindi-Urdu a
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Kambarbekova, Galiya, i Kuanyshbek Kari. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF UNPUBLISHED CHAGATAI-PERSIAN DICTIONARIES OF THE 16th–18th CENTURIES: LEXICOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS". Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, nr 26/1 (20.12.2023): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2023-2-26/1-12.

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The investigation delves into Chagatai-Persian dictionaries from the 16th to the 18th centuries, preserved in the Central Library of Punjab University. The article aims to study the structural features of these dictionaries in the context of their sociocultural significance and influence on the further development of Turkic languages. These invaluable medieval artifacts underwent detailed scrutiny using multiple methods, encompassing structural, lexical, codicological, lexicographic and sociocultural analyses. Within a single manuscript cover, there exist six treatises on the Turkic-Persian lexicon alongside a textbook elucidating Turkic language grammar. These are inscribed in the Perso-Arabic script, a writing system employed for the Chagatai language. The chief lexicographic design integrates headwords and their explanations in couplets, avoiding any typographic or grammatical demarcation. The artful use of rhyme schemes is evident in the systematic arrangement of headwords. A thorough scrutiny of these medieval Chagatai-Persian dictionaries brings to light their distinct lexicographical framework, crafted meticulously to support linguistic conservation. These works capture a wide spectrum of vocabulary from different Turkic territories, underlining the endeavor to encapsulate a broad cultural legacy. Elements such as rhyming masnavi-inspired explanatory sentences, thematic clusters, and dedicated segments on commands and equine terminology are observed. Notably, the integration of Persian elements, especially in the form of auxiliary verbs, symbolizes a fusion of languages. The dictionaries showcase an emphasis on practical vocabulary acquisition through the harmonious pairing of headwords with poetic contexts, devoid of typographic or grammatical deviations. Despite the headword’s seamless integration, there is meticulous attention to maintaining rhyming continuity. The rarity of prefaces is counterbalanced by the richness of colophons, which offer vital details about the manuscript. Though the Chagatai language receded over time, the indelible mark left by these dictionaries endures, with remnants identifiable in modern Turkic vocabularies. A more exhaustive comparative exploration of these works could further deepen insights into Chagatai linguistics and lexicographic practices during the medieval period. This study also triggers broader reflections on the pivotal role of bilingual lexicons in safeguarding vulnerable linguistic treasures. By methodically presenting and analyzing these linguistic gems, the investigation facilitates their appreciation within scholarly circles, underscoring the Turkic cultural legacy. This also solidifies their recognition as prime examples of the mutual literary interplay between Turkic and Persian traditions, a relationship rooted in the medieval timeframe.
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4

Sibtain, Masroor, Hafiz Muhammad Qasim i Qurat-ul-Ain. "Studying Usage of EFL Dictionary at Graduate Level in South Punjab". International Journal of Linguistics and Culture 2, nr 2 (24.11.2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v2i2.55.

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This research aims to study the dictionary using habits among the learners of English asa second language in the South Punjab region of Pakistan, their reference skills, and look-upbehaviours. Literate people usually keep and consult a dictionary for negotiating with meaning, and in the case of dealing with the lexis of a foreign language, dictionary usage assumes far greater importance. Dictionary using skills in the EFL context assume considerable significance in ELT classrooms where dictionary skills are emphasized as the bedrock of learning the English language with an optimal level of proficiency. Lexicographers take into view the factors such as lack of dictionary using skills, behavioural factors, L1 background, and desired goals for command of L2 as key variables in compiling dictionaries. It is questionnaire-based research that employed a mixed-method approach. The objectives were set to explore the effects of basic dictionary skills and suggesting better strategies to exploit the monolingual EFL dictionary to the maximal potential. The theoretical framework of this study was based on Tono (2001). Data was collected through a questionnaire having close-ended as well as open-ended questions. 240 learners of English, both male and female, at the graduate level in public as well as private universities and colleges of Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Bahawalpur divisions, were involved in the study as respondents. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings showed that L1 background, L2 proficiency level, students’ behavioural factors, and untrained and inexperienced teachers were the cause of faulty dictionary use and lack of references of skills among EFL learners.
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5

Ilyas, Shehla, Abdul Ghani i Abdul Khaliq. "The Use of Modern Technology in Learning English as Second Language A study at undergraduate level in South Punjab Pakistan". I V, nr I (30.03.2020): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-i).11.

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The purpose of current research is to highlight the influence of using modern technology in teaching English as a second language It explains that productivity of pedagogical process can be increased if technology is infused in it tactfully There are several ways in which modern technology can be employed in class like English language learning web sites Mobile assisted language learning computer assisted language learning programs presentation software digital dictionaries chatting and email messaging programs listening CDaudios and watching of English language learning videos and stories Questionnaire was employed to collect the data from 300 students learning English language in various undergraduate programs of two universities of Bahawalpur The findings revealed that most of the students choose the use of technology especially mobile and computers in developing their second language skills The study advises proper training to use various software related to language learning
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6

Kaur, Kiranjeet, i Shweta Chauhan. "Word translation for Indo-Aryan languages using different retrieval techniques". Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 7, nr 4 (4.03.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jai.v7i4.1455.

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<p>The study of Natural Language Processing has been revolutionized by word embedding, enabling advanced language models to understand and generate human-like text. In this research article, we delve deep into the world of word embedding, aiming to provide a comprehensive exploration of its underlying principles, methodologies, and applications. One important factor that affects many multilingual language processing activities is the word translation or incorporation of bilingual dictionaries. We used bilingual dictionaries or parallel data for translation from one language to another. For this research work, this problem is addressed, and also generating the best cross-lingual word embedding for the different language pairs. So, we are using an aligned document sentence-aligned corpus, or any bilingual dictionary for this research analysis. For the most frequent word, we are assuming that there is an intra-lingual similarity distribution, and both the source and the target corpora have a comparable distribution graph. Additionally, these embeddings are isometric. These cross-lingual word embeddings are used for cross-lingual transfer learning and unsupervised neural machine translation. This research aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of word translation between different language pairs by employing different retrieval techniques. The study analyzes the effectiveness of these techniques on different language pairs, including English-Hindi, English-Punjabi, English-Gujarati, English-Bengali, and English-Marathi. The research is expected to contribute significantly to the field of language translation by introducing innovative methods and other applications.</p>
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7

Мазурова, Юлия, i Yuliya Mazurova. "Minority Indo-Aryan Languages of North India: Kullui Language". Russian Foundation for Basic Research Journal. Humanities and social sciences, 7.10.2019, 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22204/2587-8956-2018-093-04-82-91.

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The project aims at documenting the Indo-Aryan Kullui language. This unwritten minor language of the Himachali Pahari group is common in Kullu district in Himachal Pradesh (India). The core objective of the project is to describe Kullui through field methods in linguistics. The study includes the collection of sociolinguistic information, grammar description, compi­ling a dictionary, as well as recording texts. The project run by A.S. Krylova, Yu.V. Mazurova, E.A. Renkovskaya, E.M. Shuvannikova (Knyazeva) is carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Linguistics, the Russian Academy of Sciences. During the linguistic expeditions to Himachal Pradesh, the researchers collected insights into the sociolinguistic situation: types of multilingualism, areas of use of the main languages in the region — Kullui, Hindi, English, etc.; studied the language features of different generations. The research shows the dynamics of the linguistic situation: in the older generation, especially, among women, there are cases of monolingual language — knowledge of the local language alone; the middle generation, as a rule, speaks several languages — Hindi, one or several local languages/dialects, some also know English (its Indian version). In addition, some people know Punjabi, Urdu, Nepali to some extent, which is associated with the geographic location and history of Himachal Pradesh. Young people and schoolchildren demonstrate the onset of a language shift: many people know Himachali languages and use them in everyday life; however, the use of minor languages is gradually restricted to communication with older family members. The key communication tool for the younger generation is Hindi, for educated youth — both Hindi and English. A detailed description of minor languages is relevant right now, while they still retain their authenticity and used by all generations. It is crucial to document them using new modern technologies (voiced dictionaries, gloss texts with audio and video recordings). Existing as a means of oral communication, Kullui and other minor languages of Himachal Pradesh currently lack standardized writing. The research team has developed a phonological transcription based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for recording oral speech, as well as morphological parsing for grammatical material.
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Książki na temat "Dictionaries (Punjabi)"

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Hares, W. P. An English-Punjabi dictionary. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1998.

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Bureau, Punjabi University Publication, red. Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī Aṅgrezī-Pañjābī kosha =: Punjabi University English-Punjabi dictionary. Wyd. 3. Paṭiālā: Pabalīkeshana Biūro, Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī, 1994.

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Bureau, Punjabi University Publication, red. Punjabi University English-Punjabi dictionary =: Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī Aṅgrezī-Pañjābī kosha. Wyd. 4. Paṭiālā: Pabalīkeshana Biūro, Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī, 1994.

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4

1941-, Goswami Krishan Kumar, red. Pañjābī-Aṅgrezī, Aṅgrezī-Pañjābī kosha =: Punjabi-English, English-Punjabi dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books, 2002.

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Teja, Singh. English-Punjabi dictionary: Over 15,000 English words transliterated and translated into Punjabi (Gurmukhi script). Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop for Star Publications, 1999.

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Singh, Teja. English-Punjabi dictionary =: Aṅgarezī-Paånjabī shabadakausha. Ludhiana: published by Lahore Book Shop for Star Publications, 1999.

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1917-, Singh Gurcharan, Sarana Siṅgha i Rawindara Kaura, red. Pañjābī-Aṅgrezī kosha =: Punjabi-English dictionary. Ammritasara: Siṅgha Bradaraza, 1992.

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Siṅgha, Kāṅga Kulabīra, red. Pañjābī-Aṅgrezī kosha = Punjabi-Anglo dictionary. Ammritasara, Pañjāba: Bhā. Catara Siṅgha Jīwana Siṅgha, 1995.

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Bashir, Kanwal. Punjabi-English dictionary =: Panjābī-Angrezī lug̲h̲at. Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press, 2012.

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Ḍô, Miśra Śivakumāra, Miśra Ājāda, Miśra Śailakumārī i Ganganatha Jha Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha., red. Pañjābī-Saṃskr̥ta śabdakośa =: Punjabi-Sanskrit glossary. Ilāhābāda: Gaṅgānātha Jhā Kendrīya Saṃskr̥ta Vidyāpīṭha, 1987.

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Części książek na temat "Dictionaries (Punjabi)"

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Sharma, R. K., i Parteek Kumar. "Development of Punjabi WordNet, Bilingual Dictionaries, Lexical Relations Creation, and Its Challenges". W The WordNet in Indian Languages, 83–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1909-8_5.

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