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Dialga, Issaka. "Un développement durable fondé sur l'exploitation minière est-il envisageable ? : élaboration d'un Indice de soutenabilité des pays miniers appliqué au Burkina Faso et au Niger". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3025.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mining countries face diverse challenges as they strive for economic success. Our research is guided by the following questions: how to ensure a sustainable extraction of an exhaustible resource? How to minimize the cumulative impacts of this extraction on the environment and populations? To what extent do the perceived rents improve the living conditions of the people? How to ensure the sustainability of a harmonized development in the post-mine? This thesis provides answers by proposing a Sustainability Index of Mining Countries applied to Burkina Faso and Niger through top down and bottom up approaches. The index reveals a dichotomy between perceived rents and development indicators. The thesis suggests natural resource planning. First, renegotiating mining contracts. The reform of mining contracts makes possible the constitution of a substantial national rent in order to fund the structural transformation. This transformation requires 18.8 billion dollars in Technology and Human Capital. The simulation indicates that industrialization creates a dynamic between this sector and the rural urban sectors. The study suggests that the dynamics created in the economic dimension constantly fuels the other dimensions of the tool, namely the social, environmental, transversal and governance, political and institutional dimensions, in particular the "pivotal" sectors: education, energy and social justice. Finally, governments should define a permanent sovereign fund in order to guarantee the sustainability of development for future generations. The thesis suggests that the question of sustainable development has to be constitutionalized and the actions should be better defined
Auclaire, Florence. "L'Elaboration d'un dictionnaire technique trilingue français-allemand-anglais : domaine minier". Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040081.
Pełny tekst źródłaChavez, Baroni Ricardo. "Mise au point d'outils pour le contrôle du tir à l'explosif sous contraintes de production". Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaNouvel, Yves. "La souveraineté minière de l'Australie". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010285.
Pełny tekst źródłaMining sovereignty means the legal continuum which goes from the right of the state to grant a mining title to the right of the operator to exploit the mineral resources. Regarding the law applicable to this legal continuum, many steps appear. At the root, the sovereignty title is created under international law. Afterwards, the mining title is vested to the operator according to domestic law. Eventually, the mining title is exercised under domestic law in accordance with international law. This thesis applies this framework to Australian state's practice. At last, it appears that the aboriginal people have a major effect on Australian mining sovereignty. In fact, since 1994, Australian indigenous are holders of a native title over their ancestral territory. It implies that they are entitled to negotiate the access to the mineral resources of their land
Chatain, Vincent. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle de l'arsenic et d'autres constituants inorganiques présents dans les sols issus d'un site minier aurifère". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0071/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaInitiated by the doctoral thesis of Claire Blanchard defended in 2000 and by a contractual research program within the framework "polluted soils and sites" between the Association RE. CO. R. D. (Waste Research Cooperative Network, France), and the the L. A. E. P. S. I. (Laboratory of Environmental Evaluation of Industrial Systems and Processes), various complementary methodological tools, based on the use of leaching tests, were developed and carried out, in order to characterize the potential mobilization of arsenic and other inorganic constituents from soils, collected from a gold mining site. Main results shown in this study indicate that arsenic release during contact with deionized water is limited by its very low solubility in the interstitial solution and by the stability of the amorphous solid phases present (mainly arsenate iron (oxy)hydroxides). However, a potential mobilization risk exists over the long term under specific leaching conditions (i. E. , pH or redox gradient …) which can arise in given management scenarios of a contaminated site. Indeed, a significant increase in arsenic mobilization was observed in extremely acidic and alkaline conditions for the selected soils, wich have shown a low buffering capacity. Reductive conditions, either chemically (with the addition of sodium ascorbate or sodium borhydride) or biologically (using appropriate stimulation of the indigenous bacterial activity under anaerobic conditions) induced; also reveal the possibility of a partial arsenic mobilization
Picaud, Frédérique. "Succession écologique chez les insectes orthoptères : application aux haldes de mines". Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0045.
Pełny tekst źródłaMathieu, Eric. "Apport de l'écoute sismoacoustique pour la surveillance des chantiers miniers affectés de coups de terrains : application au cas des tailles de l'unité d'exploitation de Provence". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10435.
Pełny tekst źródłaGilles, Sandrine. "L'exploitation aurifère au Burkina Faso : Territorialité et gouvernance". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL031.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 2009, gold became the first export product of the Burkina Faso. It becomes the forth producer of gold in Africa. This research analyzes the changes in territorial practices induced by the exploitation of gold in Burkina Faso and the role of each actor involved in this mining process. Governance in the country is shifting. The adoption of a new Mining Code in 2015 expresses a willingness of the government to adapt to current problems in this field. Indeed, the place of the local communities asserts itself in the setting up of a mine. The mining potential in the country offers a development perspective for the country. However, the effects at the local level seem to be nuanced. The mine opens up certain territories while accentuating the phenomenon of isolation by the existence of a mining enclave. This thesis was supported by field studies and a quantitative analysis carried out among the gold-digger of two supervised artisanal sites. Various sources were used to carry out this research (photography, satellite, imagery, press article, ministerial data, interview with mining actors, field investigation, etc. ). They made it possible to highlight the logics inherent to mining in Burkina Faso
Brunet, Philippe. "Émergence et permanence d'une question environnementale : le cas de l'industrie de l'uranium en Limousin". Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20930.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research is based upon social and historical field investigations in the aim of understanding the evolution of environmental question posed by the uranium industry. From 1949 to 1995, in the very heart of French countryside in Limousin, the Atomic Energy Commissariat (CEA) and, subsequently, the COGEMA were the managers of the most important mining zone in France. Those first twenty five years are discribed as the uranium blessed period. The local economy combines agricultural and industrial elements. Individualized agreements exist between the CEA and farmers who are, in this period, very little disturbed by the juxtaposition of mining and farming. From the beginning of the 70’s, the increasing demand for uranium linked with the "all nuclear" national energy policy enlarges the mining activity to such an extent that the environmental and antinuclear movements growing in close by urban areas begin to introduce questions about environmental impacts. During this nuclear controversial period the former agreements between the COGEMA and other actors in the mining zone are changing. This is the period when environemental questioning about the destruction of landscape and the radioactive pollution of groundwater challenges the industrial point of view but does not succeed in destabilizing it. At the end of the 80's, the closing down of the industrial activity and the revival of antinuclear activism help to legitimize on a permanent basis the environmental question about the nuclear waste problem. The uncertain radioactivity period is characterized by the social silence which affects the mining zone and questioning about the past inspired by the presence of industrial leavings and waste. But the responsability for this questioning becomes mainly an expert business depended on technical devices because of the fragility and poor institutionalisation of non-technical procedures for social dialogue. The impossibility for environmental social actors to secure a stable local agreement reflects the difficulty of managing a heritage which has transformed itself into something negative
Corneille, Adrien. "Préférences hétérogènes des grands projets miniers : trois essais en évaluation non marchande". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAD014.
Pełny tekst źródłaAccurate evaluation of mining impacts is highly challenging given the strong magnitude of socio-economic and environmental changes at play, and possibly related controversies. This thesis raises the question on how mining impacts well-being with a primary focus on population heterogeneity. A choice experiment survey is conducted to collect ground information on changing well-being due to mining within the province of Quebec, in Canada. Article 1 points to the importance of the geographic context, marked by spatial inequalities in mining impacts. We find that mining development can have long-range impacts on welfare, related to the type of mineral and individual risk perception. Paper 2 takes advantage of strong gold mining history in Quebec to study whether collective experience facilitates mining trade-offs over rare earths, that are new to the province and often poorly known by general public. Finally, paper 3 tests potential effects of information campaigns on welfare changes. Information appears to have little or no effect. However, this result masks high and contrasting effects according to opposing prior beliefs for or against mining windfall. The thesis concludes on relevant research extensions to help estimate mining effects on people’s well-being
Molinier, Claude. "Traitement de l'information sismique en vue de la localisation de niveaux productifs dans la mine de Chessy". Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10566.
Pełny tekst źródłaSamson, Stéphanie. "En attendant l'or. Une histoire souterraine de la colonisation française en Afrique noire. Explorations, prospections, économie minière (1850-1940)". Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100137.
Pełny tekst źródłaBambuk’s gold lured French explorers into the Upper Senegal region in the 18th century. So, why was there no Eldorado in the French African colonies south of Sahara ? This research focuses on mining investments: the failure of the Kenieba mines (mid-19th century), planed by Faidherbe, then Governor of Senegal, who was haunted by the myth of Bambuk’s gold, later the rushes of Ivory Coast, Guinea and the Congo, driven by the speculation in the British colonies and the success of the Belgian Congo, and in the 30’, the mines of Oubangui-Chari and Cameroon. The forms of the mining policy are studied through the objectives, means and methods of the administration, the use of science and techniques (cartography, geology), law reform and the relationships with companies and African gold miners. At first, military and administrators, afraid of a possible gold rush, chose a restrictive mining law. France was skeptical about the mineral wealth of Africa and specialized these colonies in agricultural products. However, bauxite and iron were found. In the 20’, Antonetti, ‘gouverneur general’ in French Equatorial Africa, favoured big business, which prospected for industrial minerals. In the 30’, a new lobby created by mining and metallurgy companies (CSMM and Comité des Forges), led by Fernand Blondel, a mining engineer, promoted Africa as a strategic place for minerals, pushing for an intervention of the state. Nevertheless, in 1939, gold and diamonds remained the main export minerals of AOF and AEF, 70% of this gold coming from traditional African mining. This was considered as a failure for the colonizing power
Aissaoui, Khemies. "Amélioration de la prévision des affaissements dans les mines à l'aide des approches empiriques, numériques et analytiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL101N.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe surface movements due to underground mining (phenomenon of mining subsidence) are of very complex nature. The resulting damage on surface infrastructures varies according to the magnitude of these movements. The "Unité d'Exploitation Provence" of the "Houillères de Bassin du Centre et du Midi" (UEPHBCM), in France, uses an empirical method based on the NCB abacuses for the ground movements prediction. But, this method is limited to simple geological characteristics and to ruined areas of rectangular shapes. Thus, we propose and validate on various mines a new methodology of subsidence prediction. It results from a synthesis of analytical and empirical concepts, and data resulting from numerical_ modeling in two or three dimensions. The methodology takes into account the complex character of the mining subsidence phenomenon
Salari, Rad Hossein. "Modélisation des affaissements dans le domaine aux données limitées : application aux mines abandonnées du nord de la France". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL091N.
Pełny tekst źródłaMicor, Marjorie. "Sociologie d'un engagement mémoriel : Analyse de la permanence de l'engagement militant des mineurs de fer retraités de Lorraine à partir de récits de vie collectifs". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0049.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the influence of militant commitment on old age and the influence of old age on militant commitment. Here are depicted the life courses of iron miners in Lorraine, who extended their militant commitment, born in the mines, beyond their closing and beyond old age. Crossing sociology of militant commutment and sociology of aging and old age, this research reveals the positive effects of militant commitment on the aging process and on experience of old age in its cognitive, psychological, psychosociological and social aspects
Segard, Maxence. "Les Alpes occidentales à l'époque romaine : développement urbain et exploitation des ressources des régions de montagne : Italie, Gaule Narbonnaise, provinces alpines". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10063.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaroudi, Hafid. "Choisir le soutènement des galeries : réalisation d'un système expert". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10333.
Pełny tekst źródłaMimoun, Abdelghani. "Modélisation du soutenement par boulonnage dans les ouvrages souterrains profonds : cas de la mine de charbon H.B.C.M. France". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL112N.
Pełny tekst źródłaDialga, Issaka. "Un développement durable fondé sur l'exploitation minière est-il envisageable ? : élaboration d'un Indice de soutenabilité des pays miniers appliqué au Burkina Faso et au Niger". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3025/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mining countries face diverse challenges as they strive for economic success. Our research is guided by the following questions: how to ensure a sustainable extraction of an exhaustible resource? How to minimize the cumulative impacts of this extraction on the environment and populations? To what extent do the perceived rents improve the living conditions of the people? How to ensure the sustainability of a harmonized development in the post-mine? This thesis provides answers by proposing a Sustainability Index of Mining Countries applied to Burkina Faso and Niger through top down and bottom up approaches. The index reveals a dichotomy between perceived rents and development indicators. The thesis suggests natural resource planning. First, renegotiating mining contracts. The reform of mining contracts makes possible the constitution of a substantial national rent in order to fund the structural transformation. This transformation requires $ 18.8 billion in Technology and Human Capital. The simulation indicates that industrialization creates a dynamic between this sector and the rural urban sectors. The study suggests that the dynamics created in the economic dimension constantly fuels the other dimensions of the tool, namely the social, environmental, transversal and governance, political and institutional dimensions, in particular the "pivotal" sectors: education, energy and social justice. Finally, governments should define a permanent sovereign fund in order to guarantee the sustainability of development for future generations. The thesis suggests that the question of sustainable development has to be constitutionalized and the actions should be better defined
Raggi, Pascal. "Les mineurs de fer au travail (1945-1975) : les évolutions du travail ouvrier dans les mines de fer de Lorraine". Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/NANCY2/doc367/2006NAN21018.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Labour Process and the Iron Miners analyses the daily work of workers in the iron mines of the Lorraine region from 1945 to 1975. It uses contemporary documents from the period in which the mines operated and - more importantly - oral history interviews with ex-workers, allowing this thesis to discuss the individual and collective aspects of the miner's trade. Previous historiographical developments in the history of mining are considered : to these, this thesis introduces the innovation of concentrating on the iron-miners and their labour, noting how their work led many of the transformations of mining. Through research using previously-ignored archives and publications which have rarely been examined by historians (principally technical journals for mining engineers), the thesis demonstrates that the iron-miner's trade never became technologically backward. In fact, this was a sector marked by its modernity, even at the moment of its disappearance : it was a trade which prefigured the great economic and social transformations of the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century
Adjei, Mensah Evelyne. "Dissémination environnementale du chrome en contexte minier : études physique, chimique et isotopique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7060.
Pełny tekst źródłaMetals cycle in the environment and the impact of anthropic activities are major environmental concerns. Ultramafic sites are characterised by their poor content in nutrients (N, P and K), their mineralogy dominated by Fe oxides and their natural enrichment in metals such as Cr, Fe and Ni. Thus, these systems are sites of choice for the mining companies. Mining activities produce huge amounts of wastes such as overburden, low grade ores and tailings. These wastes can be the source of water and soil pollution. Among the metals naturally present in ultramafic systems, chromium is mined as chromite ore. Chromium is stable in the environment under two oxidation states. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is a nutrient which plays an important role in glycemia control while hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is toxic and carcinogenic. The use of Cr isotopic signature has been proposed in order to trace Cr(VI) in groundwater and assess the source of contamination. To this day, there is no study at the scale of a catchment basin which combines Cr speciation and isotopic signature in order to determine Cr sources of pollution in a mining context. The goal of this study is to determine, with a complete dataset (70 water samples, 2 chromites, 2 tailings, 1 concentrated ore, 15 paddy soils and 5 sediments), what are the sources of Cr and which biogeochemical processes are occurring in environmental settings such as soils impacted by chromite mining. The study site is Sukinda valley (India), fourth site worst polluted in the world in 2007. Environmental, sanitary and social consequences link to such a site confer a particular interest to this valley in the study of Cr sources of pollution and biogeochemical processes involved. The two main problematics detailed in this manuscript are: A. To what extent do mining activities modify Cr mobility, availability, speciation and isotopic signature? Can we trace Cr sources thanks to its isotopic signature? Can we trace the biogeochemical processes involved in Cr bioavailability thanks to Cr isotopic signature in Sukinda valley (India)? B. What is the fate of Cr once released from mining wastes? What are tailings impacts on the surrounding paddy soils?
Merriaux, Karine. "Valorisation des ressources minérales du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg dans les mélanges hydrauliques". Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0173_MERRIAUX.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study concerns the Luxembourg concrete’s mineral resources valorisation in order to produce some new aggregates to make concretes. In a first time, an inventory of Luxembourg mineral resources able to supply aggregates for concrete, is established. Two mineral formations, Devonian sandstone and Muschelkalk dolomite, are selected to produce aggregates. They are checked in laboratory in accordance with normative methods. Then, we interest in economic concrete mixture proportioning, based on the software BetonlabPro2, with substitution aggregates and local cements. All the current concrete properties are checked in laboratory. At last, material durability (aggregates and concretes) is studied, first towards freezing and thawing and then towards alkali reaction (alkali silica and alkali carbonate). Some recommendations are proposed to use studied aggregates in concrete according to environments in Luxembourg
Boucabeille, Christine. "Biodégradation des cyanures métalliques et du thiocyanate par des cultures bactériennes : étude d'un effluent minier". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT008A.
Pełny tekst źródłaLangue, Frédérique. "Mines, terres et société à Zacatecas (Mexique) : de la fin du dix septième siècle à l'indépendance". Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010664.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Thi Hong Hanh. "Distribution et comportement du polonium dans deux anciens sites miniers français". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4028.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolonium-210 (210Po) is a naturally occurring radionuclide resulting from the decay of uranium-238. In addition to its natural presence, anthropogenic activities can lead to a local increase in the concentration of 210Po, in particular uranium mining. The aim of this study is to better understand the impact of human activities on the distribution and behaviour of 210Po in soils. To this end, two former French mining sites are examined. The first, called "Rophin", located in the Puy-de-Dôme region, was mined in the middle of the 20th century. The second one, not exploited, is located on the site called "les Granges du colonel" in the Mercantour National Park in the Alpes-Maritimes. This second site has never been exploited, but it was listed as a potential site in the 1960s. Soil samples were taken from the wetlands of both sites. The total 210Po activity in each sample was measured. The sequential extraction method was then applied to determine the geochemical distribution of 210Po in the soils studied. Most of the 210Po (more than 70%) is present in the residual fraction, soluble only in concentrated acids (HF, HNO3). This suggests low lability of polonium in the environment. Apart from the residual fraction, 210Po is mainly present in the carbonate-related fraction at pH 5. The impact of pH and bicarbonate content on the solid-liquid distribution coefficient of 210Po was also studied. The results showed that mining activities at Rophin promoted the exhalation of 222Rn and led to disequilibrium between 210Po and 238U
Absi, Pascale. "Le diable au corps : organisation sociale et symbolique de la production minière dans les coopératives de Potosi (Bolivie)". Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0226.
Pełny tekst źródłaThibodeau, Denis. "Comportement et méthodes de dimensionnement des câbles d'ancrage utilisés dans les mines souterraines". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_THIBODEAU_D.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTéreygeol, Florian. "Les mines d'argent carolingiennes de Melle". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010503.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeustua, José. "Mines, monnaie et hommes dans les Andes : une histoire économique et sociale de l'activité minière dans le Pérou du XIXe siècle". Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaMining in 19th-century peru, which revolved around the exploitation and exportation of precious metals and which had been consolidated during the colonial era, remained pre-industrial despite the changes caused by the national independence process. This economic activity did not transform the basis of its economic accumulation. This thesis studies the volumes of production of metals and minerals, the integration of this production with its rural and spatial environment, the characteristics of mining commerce and transport, the dynamism of mining enterprises, the relationship between mining and minting and the transformation of precious metals in money, which furthermore had a restricted circulation in peruvian territory
Ennour, Samir. "Modélisation des galeries de grande largeur en terrain stratifié". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_ENNOUR_S.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaGanem, Pierre-Henri. "Stratégies contractuelles des firmes aux fins de "sécurisation" d'investissements internationaux et volontarisme politique des états comme forces créatrices de droit dans les rapports transnationaux : la pratique des grandes firmes d'aluminium dans le montage et la réalisation de projets miniers et métallurgiques principalement en Afrique : 1953-1994". Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100171.
Pełny tekst źródłaHezard, Teddy. "Développement d'un capteur pour mesurer en continu et in situ les teneurs en fer (III) et fer (II) ainsi que d'autres métaux dans les eaux d'exhaure des anciens sites miniers". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0988.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with mining effluents monitoring. It has been cofinanced by the Office of Geological and Mining Research and the Ministry of Research within the scope of the Fer_On_Line project, resulting from the network of Research and Technological Innovation on Water. The purpose of this project was to develop an electrochemical sensor for the continuous and in situ determination of iron(II) and iron(III) levels, as well as other elements, in acid mine drainage waters from abandoned mining sites and to transmit them by telemetry. The follow-up of these elements "markers" informs about the overall evolution of the mining effluents from a given site. It has been shown that the concentration measurement of iron [iron(I) and/or iron(III)] in the mining effluents from two abandoned sites (Chessy and Carnoulès) was possible by amperometric detection, as well as copper(II) measurement [Chessy]. Another species, such as arsenic(III) [Carnoulès], could be detected but not quantified. An electrochemical cell using impinging jet flow adapted for in situ measurements of acid mine drainage waters has been designed and carried out, as well as associated electronics. The prototype composed of the cell including the amperometric sensor and the measurement instrument has been established on the site of Carnoulès where continuous and in situ measurements of iron(II) level has been carried out during 7 days. The results showed not only a very good agreement between the values determined by amperometry and those obtained by colorimetry but also a good life time of the amperometric sensor. Thus, the continuation of the study is very promising
Li, Yong-tao. "Spéciation de métaux et de leur impact sur les caractéristiques microbiologiques dans un sol pollué par le drainage minier acide". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077046.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoil samples were collected from two agricultural sites near Dabao Shan poly-metallic mine of China. Our aim was to characterize activity and speciation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soil and solution, and their relationships with soil mineralogical, physical and chemical properties. We further were to assess long-term impact of metals on microbial biomass, hydrolyses, organic matter mineralization, bacterial and fungal composition in relation to organic C, N and P turnover. The results indicate acid mine drainage irrigation resulted in strong soil acidity and metal solubility. Fe and Mn oxides bound metals were the major extractable fractions. Free and complexed cations were related to exchangeable, partially to oxides bound fractions. Hydrous oxides and clay minerais were pre-eminent sorbents controlling cation exchange and specific adsorption. Moreover, the metal variables were correlated to microbiological datasets. They inhibited microbial biomass C, N and P, FDA and C-related polysaccharidases and heterosidases, nitriflcation and P mineralization, while activated N-related enzymes, ammonification, total N mineralization and metabolic quotient. Furthermore, Metal stress inhibited fungal and bacterial populations and caused a decreased ratio of bacteria to fungi. The inhibition was more significant on bacterial DNA bands diversity than fungal taxa. Dissolved metal cations showed higher bio-availability than total contents. We demonstrate that linked microbiological and biochemical indices and their combined uses are reliable indicators of change in soil organic nutrient cycles exposed to long-term acid metal stress
Leypold, Denis. "Mines et métallurgie du fer dans le massif vosgien de l'antiquité au XIXe siècle : l'exemple de la vallée de la Bruche". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR20027.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis contribution to the study of the global evolution of the iron-industry in a vosges valley, the bruche valley, was accomplished using historical and earth sciences research. The studied period ranges from antiquity to the 19th century. The first part of the thesis describes the history of each forge to show the circulation of the workers, the workers' role in the diffusion of the technical learning, the legal questions involved in establishing and running the metallurgical works. The second part of the thesis discusses concepts of industrial and mine archaeology and also open questions concerning technogoly and the history of the earth sciences. The analysis of texts shows the existence of a technologically well developed mining and industrial infrastructure since the 16th century, in contrast to the metallurgical traditions of the middle ages and to the forges' conservatism during the 19th century. The archaeology allows a mapping of mine and iron-metallurgy and also the observation of mine owriking geometry. The thesis concludes with an analysis of the mineral deposits and an introduction to the history of the regional mineralogy
Pecheur, Olivia. "Compréhension des mécanismes synergiques pour l'extraction de l'uranium des mines de phosphates". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0031/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaUranium VI is commonly extracted from phosphoric ores by a well-known process exploiting the synergistic mixture of two extractant molecules : HDEHP and TOPO. In the field of liquid-liquid extraction, synergistic combinations are common but the mechanisms at the origin of the synergy are not well understood. A multi-scale approach has been used to describe these mechanisms, combining two different descriptions : the molecular scale focuses on the ion point of view, while the supramolecular scale focuses on extractants' aggregation. These two approaches have been rationalized by molecular dynamics computations. The results allow describing the synergy through the structure of the complexes and aggregates. With the same approach, some bifunctional compounds, combining the two extracting sites in one molecule, have been studied and compared to the HDEHP/TOPO system in order to identify the origin of their increased capacities in extraction and selectivity
Beyrie, Argitxu. "Mines et métallurgies antiques au Pays Basque, un vecteur de romanisation : un vecteur de romanisation ?" Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20111.
Pełny tekst źródłaTraditionally regarded as an area little marked by the conquest and the Roman domination, the western of the Pyrenees delivered a lot of vestiges of ancient metalliferous exploitations (gold, copper, plumb, silver and iron). In such an archaeological context, the question was to evaluate the importance of the ancient mining and metallurgical activity in the Basque Country, but also to measure the effects of the romanisation on this industrial economic branch. Overall, it was necessary to define the role of mining industry in the process of integration and romanisation of the south-Aquitanian territories. This analysis was carried out by the means of a diachronic approach of the Basque Country mining history. Within a pluri-millenium mining and metallurgical hearth, the ancient iron production, obviously important and paradoxically ignored, was in need of a particular lighting. A significant part of the research is thus devoted to the original study of three ancient iron production districts discovered in the Nive and Aldudes valleys
L'Hermite, Pierre. "Modélisation des écoulements dans des sites de stockage de résidus miniers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS696.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the world, mining presents major financial and social challenges, particularly with the growing demand for metals today and in the future. Mining produces large quantities of waste such as waste rock and mine tailings and can lead to many environmental issues such as: acid mine drainage, release of effluent with high metal concentration and in the specific case of uranium mine, the migration/emanation of uranium’s radioactive descendants. Responsible management of these sites is fundamental to avoid environmental and health impacts and relies on a good knowledge of their functioning. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the hydrogeological functioning of the tailings storage sites, today and over several decades to come, to ensure responsible management. This thesis focuses on three former uranium mines in France where tailings are stored. These sites have been chosen to represent the main storage types and the different water flow types in the tailings. These site are managed by ORANO AMF department (After-Mines France) and are under environmental monitoring (air, water, soil, food chain) that demonstrates the absence of any radiological or health impact. The methodology applied in this thesis is divided into three parts. The first part concerns the historical data collection coming from environmental monitoring, the implementation of a new monitoring on the sites and the data analysis. The second part is about the hydrogeological modeling used to quantify and predict the groundwater or surface flows in the tailings storage sites. The modeling approach has been adapted to the type of storage and flow on sites. The last part concerns the study of the climate change up to 2100 through the evolution of water balance variables, the seasonal variation and the frequency and intensity analyses of extreme events. In this thesis we proposed a methodology to understand the current hydrogeological functioning of 3 tailings storage sites. The climate change study shows that the current site management should remain sustainable in the future
Moiriat, Denis. "Evolution des désordres dans les carrières souterraines abandonnées". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112344.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn urban zones, accidents frequently occur above undermined surfaces. During the previous centuries, in most of the european countries, it became necessary to open many underground workings with the expansion of great urban centers. These quarries are currently abandoned and are deteriorating in course of time. The process of deterioration in these underground cavities are not well known yet, particularly the mechanisms that lead to delayed failures. The failure approach remains a problematic issue. The methods that are currently used (measures of stress and strain determinations, microseismic,. . . ) only provide partial information. The main purpose of our research is to analyze the disorders occurring in various abandoned underground quarries, so as to get a better understanding of their long-term behavior. This study places emphasis on the geological factors of sites (lithology, natural fractures, close to hillside), and also on the geometry of working. Different approaches are developed and compared : Geological observations in different workings of chalk, gypsum and massive limestone; Analysis of instrumental data; Experimental studies of observed rocks : characteristic features and long-term behavior in saturated conditions (test of creep); 2D numerical modeling, applied to observed cases. This work leads to propose the typology of principal failure mechanisms which may happen, and therefore, to offer better tools to foresee the risks. It comes within the framework of a theme of research Abandoned Underground Quarries proposed by the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées in 1998
Zongo, Charly Sagite. "Données biologiques et physiologiques sur les semences de quelques espèces de milieux ultramafiques néo-calédoniens". Nouvelle Calédonie, 2010. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseCharlyZongo2010.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKassapi, Athéna. "Voyage au fond de la mine : enquête sur les formes de pensée des ouvriers des mines de Kassandra en Grèce". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA084230.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD in anthropology is based on a fieldwork study conducted in 1995 in Kassandra mines (Greece). On the basis of a thorough ethnographic work and interviews with the miners, the PhD focuses on workers' forms of thinking in a conjuncture characterised by the disappearance of class references and a political conjuncture marked by mines closure. After tracing back workers' struggles until the 90's in Greece, telling the fieldwork story and describing in details work underground, the PhD studies on turn words such as : miner, worker, and ipoghitis (underground worker in Greek) which wines workers' awareness underground in a complex way ; then the category of art ; finally relationships at work and the cleavage which persists between workers nowadays. The PhD demonstrates that those words are at heart of workers' forms of thinking and prescriptions and allow to grasp miners' awareness
Verna, Catherine. "Le temps des moulines : le fer et son exploitation du comté de Foix à la vicomté de Béarn (fin du XIIe siècle - fin du XVe siècle)". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010700.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrgic, Dragan. "Modélisation du comportement à court et à long terme des roches de la formation ferrifère lorraine". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_GRGIC_D.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFaffe, Bruno. "Méthodologie d'une prospection lithogéochimique d'amas sulfurés volcano-sédimentaires (Bleida, Anti-Atlas, Maroc)". Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20175.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoukezzoula, Mostepha. "Mines et métallurgie ancienne dans le Centre-Est : la sidérurgie dans l'arrondissement de Mâcon et en Saône-et-Loire (71) : Avant le haut fourneau". Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1010.
Pełny tekst źródłaHadna, Saliha. "Suivi environnemental des anciennes mines d’uranium : l’usage de la concertation en situation de controverse : deux études de cas : la Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres), Pen Ar Ran (Loire-Atlantique)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1145.
Pełny tekst źródłaThrough the analysis of controversies, our sociological research articulates two case studies on the subject of the use of the “concertation” on the basis of the uranium mine monitoring: La Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres) and Pen Ar ran (Loire-Atlantique). These two former uranium mines present two different configurations. In a first line of research, we are interested in the configuration of actors in an instance of “concertation”: comité de Mallièvre (La Commanderie). We present the “constraint network” which prevent the environmental associations from fully participating. The second line of research questions the usefulness of the concept of "collective construction" to better understand the foundations of the consultation. The third line of research leads us to observe a form non-established "collective construction": in Piriac-sur-Mer, a "community of knowledge" emerges as a result of the creation of the group of associations “Stop radioactivity”. In contrast, consultation takes place in the arguments, as a demand for "legitimation of knowledge"
Ouedraogo, Laetitia Elsa. "La Réglementation minière en Afrique de l'Ouest : approches régionale et nationale". Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0053.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Economic and Monetary West African Union is made up of eight West African countries who have come together to achieve sustainable development. Amongst the sectors supported by the Union, the mining sector receives particular consideration by the Union which has understood the great minerai potential of the soil and sub soils in the member States which necessitates for its development a safe and friendly environment for investors. In this view, the Union adopted a community mining code by Rule n° 18/2003 in December 2003. This code is aimed at ensuring that the community mining rules contribute to the creation of a favorable environment for investments and equal treatment of investors throughout the Union. By nature, this code has a general scope and is applicable in all members States without the need for any internal transposition. The obvious fact however is the clear distance the members States are having towards the community code. There are indeed many intrinsic obstacles and other related to the economie needs of the member States, for the application of the provisions of the community code; which seem out of touch with the aspirations of the member States, even i f and paradoxically they were adopted by the same member States. In addition this community mining regulation needs to be considered in the context of a set of rules involving some other larger groups such as ECOWAS or OHADA. The perspectives for the Union might therefore appear limited. The goal is noble however and can yet be achieved provided certain steps are taken at both the level of the States and the level of the Union
Seguel, González Fabián Esteban. "Robust localization system using Visible Light Communication technology for underground mines". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0012.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdvances in electronics and communications technology have created new safety regulations that must be applied in order to operate underground mines safely and optimally. In 2006, the U.S. government updated its safety policies and adopted PUBLIC LAW109-236. As a result, monitoring of personnel inside underground tunnels is now mandatory for mining operations. This new regulation establishes that the current location, or immediately prior to the accident, of all underground personnel must be delivered to an external monitoring station. Despite recent advances in tracking and positioning systems for indoor environments, underground mines provide a unique environment that places different constraints on current technologies. In recent years, Visible Light Communications (VLC) has attracted the attention of researchers, mainly due to recent advances in the manufacture of Light Emitting Diodes. The rapid development of VLC systems has encouraged researchers to propose positioning solutions based on this technology. Visible light positioning (VLP) has several advantages over traditional positioning methods. Most VLP methods have been evaluated in scenarios where a dense and well-deployed VLC network exists. Underground mines, on the other hand, are a dynamic and inherently hazardous environment and most of the assumptions made for traditional indoor environments are not met. The feasibility of using a VLP system under such conditions and capable of meeting positioning requirements remains an open question. In order to answer this question, we study the constraints, limitations and requirements of current positioning technologies when applied in an underground mining environment in order to determine the best architecture to guarantee the positioning service while meeting the location requirements. Our proposal uses the positioning limitations, capabilities and requirements to design a low-cost, large-scale positioning architecture. Using this design, we have developed a real-world platform to evaluate the performance of visible light positioning methods. Finally, a new robust positioning method is presented. Unlike most existing methods in the literature, our proposal is not directly derived from RF-based methods. The robustness of our method to multiple perturbations (errors in the measurement of height, tilt angles, and multipath propagation due to light reflections from walls) has been tested
Kourchid, Olivier. "Production et travail dans une industrie stratégique : sociologie, histoire, archéologie du monde de la mine". Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070102.
Pełny tekst źródła1st part : constrained labor (1938-1944). The mobilization of workers and managers in dominant coal company, the division of statuts, and forced labor imply different forms of resistance and integration. 2d part : political labor (1944-1952). With nationalization, the public coal industry rebuilts other regional and local hegemonies, under ministers' government and the pressure of geopolitics. Modernization and miners' statute are the stakes of the conflicts. 3rd part : prescribed labor (1850-1990). The professional and social biographies are presented through several generations; workers, employers, engineers, managers, higher industrial civil servants and union leaders show evidences of the relationship between mobility and stability and between underground and surface work. 4th part : fossil labor (1989-1992). The analysis of labor and production in underground and surface environment in the coal mine site of Oignies allows to move from industrial exploitation, to archeology of labor and to industrial conservation and heritage. These steps pose the central relationship of sociology to history and to archeology. 5th part : endangered labor. Technical, social and institutional safeties and securities are necessary to understand strategy and culture of industrial societies
Gnamien, Yao. "L'Industrie minière face aux évolutions sociétales : quels impacts des attentes des populations et des collectivités locales sur le développement des projets miniers ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0086.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the beginning of the 1990s, almost throughout the world, bordering communities of mining projects oppose the proceedings of mining exploitation works. This phenomenon occurs in developed countries as well as in developing countries. It is also present both in democratic and in non democratic countries.To justify the determination to offer solutions to this problem, the first part of this work proves that the mining industry is the catalyst and the base of the modern economic growth and that, consequently, any disturbance in the safety of mining product supplying deserves a mobilization of the international community.In the second part, the conclusion shows that these mistrust actions are far from being ideological claims. They are simply the expression of a contemporary request which consists in integrating into mining resource development decisions the principles globalization is based on : the respect for the right to collective and individual development, the respect for human rights, including the right to the environment and the participation of communities or individuals in any decision-making that may affect their lives.In the third part, it is proved that the African continent has turned to be the new mining development pole since the end of the cold war. In these conditions, the study of the issue of the community mobilizations against mining exploitation, in four African countries with strong mining traditions such as Guinea and Morocco and in the process of mining development such as Mali and Ivory Coast, allows us to understand that mobilizations against mining projects do really exist in Africa.In these conditions and as a conclusion, it is first of all necessary to wish that the international community be concerned by this issue to organize a world summit on the future of the mining industry in the 20th century, and that a World Fund in the service of the Development of Communities Concerned by Mining Projects (FMDCAPM) be created.Secondly, one must consider, at the scale of the producing States, that the national mining policies be the reflection of a real consensus between the States, the mining companies and the local authorities by insisting on the necessity of giving the latter ones Investment funds fed by each project.Finally, and always at the scale of States, it is to wish that the search for solutions to be brought to both social and economic concerns of the zones affected by the mining projects be entrusted to an Autonomous National Authority (ANA) which will know how to negotiate at best, independently from governmental authorities, the interests of communities and local populations
Abdul-Wahed, Mohamad Khir. "Étude de la microsismicité induite à partir des sismogrammes tridirectionnels". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL583N.
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