Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / DGT

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „DGT”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 11 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "DGT"

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Hong, Yongseok, Nguyen Phuoc Dan, Eunhee Kim, Hyo-Jung Choi i Seunghee Han. "Application of diffusive gel-type probes for assessing redox zonation and mercury methylation in the Mekong Delta sediment". Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 16, nr 7 (2014): 1799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3em00728f.

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Krisnapati, Bayu. "DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK SEBAGAI PENEGAK HUKUM TRANSFORMATIF DI INDONESIA". Scientax 1, nr 1 (14.10.2019): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52869/st.v1i1.7.

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Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) is a government institution that half of the authority is judicative because the DGT is able to collect revenue by using enforcement to taxpayers. The DGT has judicative characteristic so that the DGT must be abreast with the other law enforcement institution in Indonesia law system. In this case, the writer used the term of Transformative Law Enforcement (TLE). Act number 9/2017 gives new duty and power for the DGT so that it strengthen DGT position as a TLE. This research focuses on DGT role as a TLE until the existence of the DGT can be recognized in public law system and is purposed for the DGT to have specific law that manage the DGT. This research use normative judicatory approach method and qualitative descriptive with secondary data. The conclusion is that Act number 9/2017 gives new duty and power for the DGT as TLE to have unimpeded access of financial information from financial service institution and another entity in order to increase taxpayer compliance eventhough it might cause conflict of interest with Bank Indonesia as the central bank and the highest authority of all banks in Indonesia.
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Yamazaki, Wataru, Masashi Takahashi i Manabu Kawahara. "Restricted development of mouse triploid fetuses with disorganized expression of imprinted genes". Zygote 23, nr 6 (16.10.2014): 874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199414000550.

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SummaryEukaryotic species commonly contain a diploid complement of chromosomes. The diploid state appears to be advantageous for mammals because it enables sexual reproduction and facilitates genetic recombination. Nonetheless, the effects of DNA ploidy on mammalian ontogeny have yet to be understood. The present study shows phenotypic features and expression patterns of imprinted genes in tripronucleate diandric and digynic triploid (DAT and DGT) mouse fetuses on embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Measurement of crown–rump length revealed that the length of DGT fetuses (1.87 ± 0.13 mm; mean ± standard error of the mean) was much smaller than that of diploid fetuses (4.81 ± 0.05 mm). However, no significant difference was observed in the crown–rump length between diploid and DAT fetuses (3.86 ± 0.43 mm). In DGT fetuses, the expression level of paternally expressed genes, Igf2, Dlk1, Ndn, and Peg3, remained significantly reduced and that of maternally expressed genes, Igf2r and Grb10, increased. Additionally, in DAT fetuses, the Igf2 mRNA expression level was approximately twice that in diploid fetuses, as expected. These results provide the first demonstration that imprinted genes in mouse triploid fetuses show distinctive expression patterns independent of the number of parental-origin haploid sets. These data suggest that both DNA ploidy and asymmetrical functions of parental genomes separately influence mammalian ontogeny.
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Zhang, Hao, i William Davison. "Use of diffusive gradients in thin-films for studies of chemical speciation and bioavailability". Environmental Chemistry 12, nr 2 (2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14105.

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Environmental context The health of aquatic organisms depends on the distribution of the dissolved forms of chemical components (speciation) and their rates of interaction (dynamics). This review documents and explains progress made using the dynamic technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) to meet these challenges of measuring directly chemical speciation and associated dynamics in natural waters. The relevance of these measurements to uptake by biota of chemical forms in soils, sediments and water is discussed with reference to this expanding literature. Abstract This review assesses progress in studies of chemical speciation using diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) by examining the contributions made by key publications in the last 20 years. The theoretical appreciation of the dynamic solution components measured by DGT has provided an understanding of how DGT measures most metal complexes, but excludes most colloids. These findings strengthen the use of DGT as a monitoring tool and provide a framework for using DGT to obtain in situ kinetic information. Generally, the capabilities of DGT as an in situ perturbation and measurement tool have yet to be fully exploited. Studies that have used DGT to investigate processes relevant to bioavailability have blossomed in the last 10 years, especially for soils, as DGT mimics the diffusion limiting uptake conditions that, under some conditions, characterise uptake by plants. As relationships between element accumulated by DGT and in plants depend on the plant species, soils studied, and the element and its chemical form, DGT is not an infallible predictive tool. Rather its strength comes from providing information on the labile species in the system, whether water, soil or sediment. Recent studies have shown good relationships between measurements of metals in periphyton and by DGT, and unified dose response curves have been obtained for biota in sediments when they are based on DGT measurements. Both these cases suggest that alternative approaches to the established ‘free ion’ approach may be fruitful in these media and illustrate the growing use of DGT to investigate environmental chemical processes.
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Ramdhan, Muhammad Rheza. "How to select tax audit cases?: a literature review of research in tax avoidance". Journal of Economics and Business Letters 1, nr 2 (3.08.2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.55942/jebl.v1i2.89.

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Currently, DGT is experiencing a shortage of tax auditors. As a result, DGT was unable to meet the tax collection goal. This issue, I think, may be addressed by developing a tax audit case selection model. This model employs the tax avoidance variable, which is assessed by the amount of adjustment in the modified tax assessment, as well as various factors classified as company characteristics, firm activities, and BOD characteristics. To develop this model, DGT should alter the format of tax returns in order to get the necessary information from taxpayers. Then, DGT must choose an analytical technique to evaluate the data. Because DGT has a large amount of data, I suggest utilizing the big data analytics approach, and I think that the regression model is outdated. So, I think that this approach will be useful in making DGT better in the future, since DGT may find it simpler to pick tax audit cases that will have a significant effect on tax collection. Unless DGT creates this paradigm, I think DGT will be unable to achieve its goal indefinitely. This article aims to describe certain tax avoidance measures and some tax avoidance factors that will be helpful in developing a tax audit case selection model. Furthermore, I'd want to show how DGT might evaluate such determinants in order to construct a suitable model.
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Sochaczewski, Łukasz, William Davison, Hao Zhang i Wlodeck Tych. "Understanding small-scale features in DGT measurements in sediments". Environmental Chemistry 6, nr 6 (2009): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09077.

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Environmental context. Observations, using the technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), of pronounced, small-scale (millimetre) maxima in concentrations of sulfide and metals in the pore water of sediments, have emphasised the importance of processes occurring in microniches. Modelling of the interactions between microniche sources and DGT devices within a sediment environment demonstrates how these sharp features arise and provides a basis for their quantitative interpretation. Abstract. Measurements in sediments made using DGT (diffusive gradients in thin-films) have shown small-scale (millimetre and sub-millimetre) maxima in solute concentration (e.g trace metals and sulfide). The sediment–DGT system was simulated using a dynamic model, which incorporated a spherical microniche close to the DGT surface. DGT maxima could arise when the microniche was (1) a local source with associated elevated concentration in the pore water, and (2) when, within the microniche, the Kd for the relevant solute partitioning with exchangeable solute associated with the solid phase was much higher than for the rest of the sediment. Use of realistic values of Kd and comparison with existing data suggested that the latter mechanism was unlikely to be responsible for observed DGT maxima. Locally elevated concentrations will be reasonably accurately reproduced by DGT. Peak height measured by DGT will be between 62 and 87% of the true maxima in concentration within the sediment when DGT is not present, while peak widths will be similar. This work provides, for the first time, a means for confidently interpreting the two dimensional images of DGT-measured concentrations in sediments.
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van der Veeken, Pascal L. R., P. Chakraborty i Herman P. van Leeuwen. "Accumulation of Humic Acid in DET/DGT Gels". Environmental Science & Technology 44, nr 11 (czerwiec 2010): 4253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es100510u.

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Degryse, Fien, Erik Smolders, Hao Zhang i William Davison. "Predicting availability of mineral elements to plants with the DGT technique: a review of experimental data and interpretation by modelling". Environmental Chemistry 6, nr 3 (2009): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09010.

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Environmental context. Total concentrations of mineral elements in soil bear little relation to their availability for plants. The DGT (diffusive gradients in thin-films) technique has been found to be a good predictor of trace metal uptake and P deficiency, though not consistently in all studies for all elements. This review examines the fundamental basis for the relation between DGT fluxes and plant uptake and assesses under which conditions this relation may break down. Abstract. In the DGT technique, elements are accumulated on a binding gel after their diffusive transport through a hydrogel. In this paper, we explore in more detail why – and under which conditions – DGT correlates with plant uptake. The theoretical considerations are illustrated with experimental results for metal uptake and toxicity, and for phosphorus deficiency. Strong correlations between DGT and plant uptake are predicted if the diffusive transport of the element from soil to the plant roots is rate-limiting for its uptake. If uptake is not limited by diffusive transport, DGT-fluxes and plant uptake may still correlate provided that plant uptake is not saturated. However, competitive cations may affect the plant uptake under these conditions, whereas they have no effect on the DGT flux. Moreover, labile complexes are not expected to contribute to the plant uptake if diffusion is not limiting, but they are measured with DGT. Therefore, if plant uptake is not limited by diffusion, interpretation of the observed correlation in terms of the labile species measured by DGT is inappropriate.
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Pratiwi, Dian, i Dwi Martani. "REALITAS PENATAUSAHAAN PIUTANG PAJAK PEMERINTAH". Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik 6, nr 2 (30.06.2021): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v6i2.355.

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The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) had findings on tax receivables in the last seven years, indicate that the DGT has not managed tax receivables properly. This study aims to analyze problems in the administration of tax receivables at DGT, benchmarking with other countries, and provide suggestions to solve these problems. This study uses a qualitative method with case studies at the DGT and some other tax authorities as multiple units of analysis. Data collection are carried out through interviews and documentation. The results show several problems in the administration of tax receivables at DGT that lead to the system, Taxpayer Account application, regulation, human resource, and exchange of information. Some suggested solutions to solve these problems are integrating existing systems in DGT, developing Taxpayer Accounts, improving the quality of human resources and conducting regular supervision, revised PER-08/PJ./2009 and affirming rules for DGT's recurring business processes, and building a data exchange system between the DGT and the Tax Court as well as the DGT and Directorate General of the Treasury
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Li, Rui, i Jian Zhou. "Sparse time-frequency representation based on multiwindow discrete Gabor transform". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 16, nr 05 (wrzesień 2018): 1850041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691318500418.

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The multiwindow discrete Gabor transform (M-DGT) is an important time-frequency analysis tool in many applications. In this paper, sparse time-frequency representation (TFR) based on M-DGT with sparse regularization theory is presented. The M-DGT is first formulated as a convex constrained optimization model by minimizing the objective function with a mixed [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] norm of the M-DGT coefficients. Then, an iterative algorithm based on the split Bergman method is utilized to compute the sparse Gabor time-frequency spectrum of the analyzed signal. According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, using an analysis window with good time resolution in M-DGT will lead to the Gabor TFR with high frequency resolution and vice versa. To obtain the sparse TFR with good time-frequency resolution (or concentration), the sparse spectra of M-DGT can be combined by the arithmetic average or the geometric average. Numerical experiments clearly show that the proposed method is an effective and powerful tool for analyzing nonstationary signals, by which the high time-frequency concentration (or resolution) of the Gabor time-frequency spectrum can be obtained as compared to traditional M-DGT.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "DGT"

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Caillat, Amélie. "Evaluation de la biodisponibilité du cuivre dans des sédiments artificiels par des méthodes biologiques avec la plante aquatique Myriophyllum aquaticum (hydroponie, biotest normalisé et Rhizotest) et géochimiques (DGT)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4310.

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Les travaux menés durant cette thèse ont visé à évaluer la pertinence de la plante aquatique Myriophyllum aquaticum pour l'étude de la biodisponibilité du cuivre dans des sédiments ainsi que l'intérêt de la technique du gradient de diffusion en couche mince (DGT) comme outil biomimétique de cette plante. Une première expérimentation réalisée avec la plante M.aquaticum exposée selon le protocole du biotest normalisé (sous forme de verticilles) dans des sédiments artificiels dopés en cuivre a montré que ce biotest semble être un outil intéressant pour l'évaluation de la toxicité de sédiments contaminés en cuivre. En outre, aucune corrélation n'a été observée entre les mesures DGT et la bioaccumulation dans la plante M.aquaticum. Ceci est probablement lié aux conditions d'exposition des plantes. En effet, le développement des racines se faisant au cours de l'expérimentation, les processus d'incorporation du métal dans la plante ne sont donc pas constants au cours de l'expérience. Suite à ces résultats nous avons réalisé deux autres séries d'expérimentations (hydroponie et Rhizotest) dans lesquelles, les plantes ont été exposées selon un protocole modifié (plantes ayant déjà développé des racines avant leur exposition dans le sédiment). Ces expérimentations nous ont permis de montrer que la plante M.aquaticum est plutôt sensible au cuivre et qu'elle a une forte capacité à l'accumuler. De plus, les résultats obtenus ont permis de montrer que la technique DGT semble être un bon outil biomimétique de cette plante dans le cas où elle est exposée avec des racines car le prélèvement par la plante est limité par la capacité de la phase solide à réapprovisionner le métal en solution
The work carried out during this thesis aimed to assess the relevance of the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum to study the bioavailability of copper in sediments as well as the interest of the technique of diffusion gradient in thin film (DGT) as a biomimetic tool of this plant. A first experiment, performed with the plant M.aquaticum exposed according to the protocol of the standardized bioassay (as whorls) in an artificial sediment spiked with copper, showed that this bioassay appears to be a useful tool for assessing the toxicity of contaminated sediments copper. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between DGT measurements and bioaccumulation in the M.aquaticum plant. This is probably due to the exposure conditions of the plants. In fact, as the root development occurs during the experiment, the process of incorporating the metal into the plant is therefore not constant throughout the experiment.Following these results we conducted two other series of experiments (hydropony and Rhizotest) in which, plants were exposed following a modified protocol (plants having already developed roots before their exposure in the sediment). These experiments showed that the plant M.aquaticum is rather sensitive to copper and has a strong ability to accumulate it. Futhermore, the results have shown that the DGT technique seems to be a good biomimetic tool for this plant when it is exposed by roots because the plant uptake is limited by the capacity of the solid phase to replenish the metal in solution
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Gregušová, Michaela. "Modifikace techniky difúzních gelů (DGT) pro charakterizaci přírodních systémů". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233319.

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Diffusive gradient in thin film technique (DGT) represents a relatively new approach for in situ determinations of labile metal-species in aquatic systems. The DGT device passively accumulates labile species from the solution while deployed in situ, and therefore contamination problems associated with conventional collection and filtration procedures are eliminated. This study deals with a possible modification of DGT technique. The key of using DGT technique for speciation analysis of metals is to find out suitable binding phase and diffusion layer. The new resin gel based on Spheron Oxin (5 sulphophenyl-azo-8-hydroxyquinoline) ion exchanger with a higher selectivity to trace metals than Chelex 100 could potentially provide more information on metals speciation in aquatic systems. The performance of this new binding phase was tested for the determination of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and U under laboratory conditions. The hydrogel layer based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was synthesized and tested as a new diffusion gel for application in DGT technique.
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Pedrobom, Jorge Henrique [UNESP]. "Especiação de urânio em águas tratada de drenagem ácida de mina usando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141920.

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Um dos fatores mais preocupantes na área de mineração de urânio é a drenagem ácida de mina (DAM), tal processo ocorre de maneira espontânea e descontrolada no complexo minério industrial de Poços de Caldas (CIPC). A DAM pode gerar espécies de urânio acima dos valores permitidos para lançamento em corpos hídricos. Durante o processo de DAM, o urânio, possivelmente, esta na forma de óxidos e hidróxidos de uranilo, ao atingir os corpos hídricos, sua forma pode mudar para espécies contendo grupos carbonato e sulfato. A concentração e labilidade dessas espécies são importantes para avaliação da biogeodisponibilidade do metal para o sistema aquático. A técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) tem sido utilizada para quantificação de metais na sua forma lábil e especiação de metais em diferentes tipos de amostra. Nesta pesquisa a técnica DGT foi utilizada em laboratório com diferentes fases ligantes para avaliar a aplicação em águas de DAM tratada e afluentes no entorno de mineração de urânio. A partir de imersões in situ, a técnica DGT foi utilizada juntamente com a técnica de extração em fase sólida (SPE) para avaliar a labilidade das espécies de urânio presente no sistema. Os resultados mostraram que grande parte do urânio presente nas amostras está na forma lábil. Por sua vez estes resultados se mostraram concordantes com a especiação via software MINTEQ. Por outro lado, os resultados obtidos pela SPE não foram concordantes com a técnica DGT, isso pode ser oriundo da saturação da fase ligante ou devido os diferentes tempos de residência dos íons nas diferentes técnicas.
One of the major concerns in uranium mining areas is the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). This process occurs spontaneously and uncontrollably in Poços de Caldas Ore Industrial Complex (CIPC). DAM can generate levels of uranium species higher than the maximum allowed values for water bodies discharge. During the DMA process, uranium is possibly in the form of uranyl oxides and hydroxides and after reaching water bodies, it changes to species which contain carbonate and sulfate groups. The determination of concentration and lability of these species is important to evaluate the metal biogeoavailability to the water system. The Diffusion Gradients in Thin Films Technique (DGT) has been used for the quantification of labile metals and their speciation in several types of sample. In this research, DGT technique was used in lab with different binding layers to evaluate its suitability to DAM waters and uranium mining surrounding tributaries. Therefore, the developed method was performed in situ along the solid phase extraction technique (SPE) to assess the lability of uranium species present in the system. The results obtained by DGT technique showed that a large part of the uranium present in the samples is its labile form. Also, these results were consistent with speciation via the MINTEQ software. Moreover the results obtained by SPE were not consistent with those from DGT technique, probably because of the saturation of the binding phase or due to the different residence times of ions in different techniques.
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Panther, Jared Graeme. "Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films for Inorganic Arsenic Speciation and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with a Coupled Microcolumn for Trace Metal Speciation". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3675.

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This thesis is directed towards the development of the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique for the measurement of total dissolved As, and for As speciation measurements. In addition, a preliminary investigation of a novel laboratory-based method for measuring labile metal species was carried out; this method involved the coupling of a microcolumn of adsorbent with a standard electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer. An iron-oxide adsorbent was utilized for As measurements by DGT. The diffusion coefficients of inorganic Asv and AsIII> were measured through the polyacrylamide diffusive gel using both a diffusion cell and DGT devices. A variety of factors that may affect the measurement of total As by DGT were investigated. These factors, which included pH, anions, cations, fulvic acid, FeIII-fulvic acid complexes, and colloidal Fe, may affect the adsorption of the As species to the iron-oxide, or may affect the diffusion coefficients of the individual As species. The DGT method was further developed to selectively accumulate the AsIII species in the presence of Asv. This was achieved by the placement of a negatively charged Nafion membrane at the front of the DGT device which slowed the diffusion of the negatively charged Asv species (H₂AsO₄₂ ⁻) considerably, relative to the uncharged AsIII species (H₃AsO₃). The effect that pH, anions, and cations may have on the selective accumulation of AsIII, in the presence of Asv, was investigated. DGT devices without a Nafion membrane and with a Nafion membrane were deployed in natural waters to determine the total inorganic As and AsIII> concentrations, and to evaluate its performance. A preliminary investigation of the coupling of a microcolumn of Chelex-100 resin with a standard electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer was undertaken to establish its value as a laboratory-based speciation method. This involved the examination of various microcolumn materials to accommodate the Chelex-100 resin, and finding an appropriate buffer that could be used to buffer the Chelex-100 resin without interfering with the ETAAS measurement. Furthermore, factors that may affect the uptake of metal by the Chelex-100 resin, such as concentration of buffer in solution, ionic strength, and conditioning of the Chelex-100 resin, were investigated.
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Eliasson, Anna. "En studie av egenskaperna hos biokol som adsorberande agent i o‐DGTanordningar". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12669.

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En ny komplex aspekt i frågan om vattenkvalité är ackumuleringen av organiska föroreningar.Den begränsade utbredningen av vattenrening i Brasilien såväl som i andra utvecklingsländervisar på ett tydligt behov av utveckling av billiga och effektiva metoder för provtagning ivatten. Bristen på den här typen av metoder försvårar idag möjligheterna att kontrolleravattenkvalitén och på så vis även arbetet med att säkerställa de sanitära förhållandena ivattentillgångar. Det här examensarbetet innehåller en sammanfattande genomgång avprinciperna för den passiva provtagningsmetoden med namnet ”Diffusive Gradients in Thin‐Films (DGT)”, som direktöversatt får det svenska namnet ”Diffusiva gradienter i tunnfilmer”.När metoden används för provtagning för att upptäcka olika organiska ämnen i vattnetbenämns den som o‐DGT.Målet med detta arbete är att ta fram en metod med målet att specifikt upptäcka olika typerav nya framväxande organiska föroreningar som i de flesta fall förekommer bara i väldigt lågakoncentrationer i vår miljö. Grundliga undersökningar genomfördes för att få svar på huruvidabiokol kan fungera som den bindande agenten i DGT apparatur och verka för att kunnaupptäcka och identifiera dessa ämnen på ett effektivt sätt.Resultaten från de undersökningar som genomförts hittills visar på att biokol har godpotential att tillämpas som bindande agent i filter för bruk i o‐DGT apparatur. De organiskaföreningarna av intresse i denna studie kunde alla detekteras, kvantifieras och identifieras.För optimering av provtagningsmetoden bör vidare studier vid varierande förhållanden medhänsyn till pH, temperatur och jonkoncentration genomföras, såväl som studier av detbindande lagrets egenskaper i förhållande till koncentration av biokol och lagrets tjocklek.Detta för att kunna optimera tekniken, och förhoppningsvis bidra till ett konventionelltanvändande av biokol på adsorberande agent i o‐DGT anordningar i framtiden.
A new complex aspect in the matter of water quality is the occurrence of emerging organicpollutants and contaminants in waste water. The currently low extent to which treatment ofwaste water is performed in Brazil, and in the world as a whole, there is a considerable needfor development of cheap and accurate in‐situ sampling methods for far‐reaching studies ofsurface water quality. The lack of such methods today makes the maintenance andestablishing of sanitary safety difficult. This diploma work gives a brief introduction to thebasic principles of the passive sampling method known as Diffusive Gradient in Thin‐films(DGT). A method that could be useful for such monitoring of quality in water bodies worldwide.The aim of this study is to develop a method, for the detection of organic emerging pollutantsand contaminants – i.e. compounds, which usually are present at very low concentrationswhen found in the environment as a result of human activity. More specifically, this workinvestigates the potential and usefulness of the application of DGT devices in detection oforganic compounds that can affect human health and ecosystems, even at lowconcentrations, however, their effects still are in need of further investigations.This study focuses on both purely technical as well as practical points of views. The efficiencyof organic DGT (o‐DGT) with biochar as the adsorbing agent is examined targeting thedetection of organic pollutants and contaminants in surface water. In this sense, the specificaim of the work is to evaluate the performance of biochar as adsorbing agent. This workshowed that the performance of biochar as the adsorbing agent in binding layers in o‐DGTsample devices can be considered as satisfactory since all compounds of interest in this studywas successfully detected, quantified an identified. Further investigations in the future areneeded to determine the effects of varying pH, temperature and ion concentration in thedeployment media, as well as the properties of the binding layer in relation to concentrationof biochar and the thickness of the layer. These in order to optimize the method for in‐situwater sampling, aiming conventional use of biochar as the adsorbing agent in the future.
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Bretier, Marie. "Évaluation de la variabilité spatio-temporelle du mercure et de l'arsenic dans les eaux de surface par échantillonnage passif". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1073.

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Les échantillonneurs passifs, développés il y a une vingtaine d’années, se présentent comme une alternative aux prélèvements ponctuels car ils permettent un échantillonnage in-situ et intégré des contaminants sur la période d’exposition. Ils présentent l’avantage d’abaisser les limites de quantification, de limiter les effets matrice lors de l‘analyse et de faciliter la conservation des échantillons. Pour les métaux, la DGT, technique la plus couramment employée, permet, dans sa configuration classique, d’échantillonner les métaux cationiques. Des adaptations de cette technique ont également permis de développer des DGT pour le mercure et l’arsenic. Néanmoins, la forme chimique de ces contaminants conditionne leur toxicité et leur biodisponibilité qui doivent être prises en compte dans la caractérisation de l’exposition des milieux aquatiques. Ainsi, cette thèse visait à : i) développer et valider, au laboratoire, des outils DGT pour la mesure de la spéciation chimique du mercure et de l’arsenic dans les eaux douces ; ii) évaluer la variabilité spatio-temporelle des concentrations en mercure et arsenic et de leur spéciation chimique à différentes échelles dans les eaux de surface par échantillonnage passif. L’étude de la spéciation de l’arsenic (AsIII + AsV) sur une unique DGT ne peut être réalisée selon le protocole habituel puisque l’extraction de l’arsenic de la phase réceptrice ferrihydrite engendre une oxydation de l’AsIII en AsV et donc une perte d’information sur la spéciation. La mise en place de plans de criblage a permis d’optimiser cette extraction et d’extraire respectivement 22 et 32 % d’AsIII et d’AsV à l’aide de dihydrogénophosphate d’ammonium (NH4H2PO4) 0.5 M à 75°C avec une conversion de 30 % de l’AsIII en AsV. Via l’application de facteurs correctifs, l’AsIII et l’AsV peuvent être mesurés à partir de 0.24 et 0.33 μg.L-1 en moyenne sur la période d’exposition des DGT (7 jours) dans un milieu aquatique à 20°C. Pour l’étude de la spéciation du mercure (HgII + MeHg) sur une unique DGT, l’étape d’analyse s’avère problématique puisqu’elle nécessite d’adapter la technique de double dilution isotopique à la DGT. Alors que le MeHg peut être mesuré par DGT à partir de 0.08 ng.L-1, les tests en laboratoire ont mis en évidence des difficultés de mesure spécifiques au HgII certainement en lien avec des propriétés de la phase réceptrice 3M qui n’ont pas pu être identifiées dans cette thèse. Les DGT ont ensuite été appliquées in-situ dans 4 contextes différents afin d’évaluer leur pertinence pour intégrer les variations spatio-temporelle des concentrations en métaux. Tout d’abord, durant les opérations de gestion sédimentaire sur le Rhône sur une quinzaine de jours, nous avons montré que les DGT étaient représentatives de la dynamique des concentrations en métaux et de la spéciation de l’As en comparaison avec l’échantillonnage ponctuel notamment en intégrant l’augmentation des concentrations en Mn, Ni, Co et As (AsIII puis AsV) dissous. Ensuite, les applications des DGT sur le Gier et la Deûle ont mis en évidence la concordance des concentrations en Hg et MeHg mesurées par DGT et échantillonnage ponctuel dans les eaux de surface dynamiques de l’échelle de quelques jours à l’échelle annuelle. Néanmoins, dans les conditions favorisant la production du mercure gazeux dissous, les concentrations en Hg estimées par DGT seraient surestimées en raison d’un piégeage de ces formes du mercure par la DGT, nécessitant d’interpréter les résultats avec précaution. Enfin, l’utilisation des DGT sur le bassin versant du lac Rapel au Chili a mis en évidence leur capacité à identifier les variations spatiales de contamination ainsi que leur pertinence pour intégrer des variations temporelles de concentrations en Hg en lien avec les opérations de gestion d’un barrage hydroélectrique
Developed around 20 years ago, passive samplers are an alternative to discrete sampling. The sampling of contaminants is realized in-situ and allows to integrate the contamination over the exposure period. Passive samplers have the advantage to lower the quantification limits, to avoid matrix effects during the analysis and to facilitate the sample preservation. For metals, DGT is the most employed technique and allow in its classic configuration to sample cationic metals. These tools were adapted in order to sample mercury and arsenic. Nevertheless, the chemical forms of these contaminants influence their toxicity and their bioavailability which have to be taken into account when characterizing the exposition of aquatic environments. Thus, this thesis aimed to: i) develop and validate, in the laboratory, DGT techniques for the measurement of arsenic and mercury chemical speciation in freshwaters; ii) assess the spatio-temporal variability of mercury and arsenic concentrations and their chemical speciation at different scales in surface freshwaters by passive sampling. Arsenic speciation (AsIII + AsV) with a unique DGT could not be assessed according to the usual procedure since arsenic elution from ferrihydrite binging gel cause an oxidation of AsIII to AsV and therefore a loss of information on the speciation. The setting up of screening plans allowed to optimize this elution step and to elute 22 and 32% AsIII and AsV, respectively, from the ferrihydrite binding gel, with ammonium dihydrogenophosphate (NH4H2PO4) 0.5 M at 75°C with a conversion of 30% of AsIII to AsV. Through the use of corrective factors, AsIII and AsV could be monitored from 0.24 et 0.33 μg.L-1 in average on the exposure period for DGT (7 days) in surface freshwaters at 20°C. For the monitoring of mercury speciation (HgII + MeHg) with a unique DGT, the analysis step proved to be problematic since it necessitates to adapt double isotopic dilution technique for the DGT. While MeHg could be measured by DGT from 0.08 ng.L-1 in surface freshwaters, laboratory tests have highlighted specific difficulties in the measurement of HgII certainly in relation to 3M binding gel properties that could not be identified during this thesis. DGT were then applied in-situ in 4 different contexts in order to evaluate their relevance for integrating spatio-temporal variations of metals concentrations. First, during dam flushing operations on the Rhône River during ~15 days, we have showed that DGT were highly representative of the dynamic of metals concentrations and As speciation in comparison with discrete sampling, notably integrating the increase of Mn, Ni, Co and As (AsIII and then AsV) dissolved concentrations. Then, the use of DGT on the Gier and Deûle sites for the monitoring of mercury speciation have evidenced the consistency between mercury and methylmercury concentrations measured by passive and discrete sampling measurements in dynamic surface freshwaters from weekly to annual scales. Nevertheless, in environmental conditions which favor dissolved gaseous mercury production, Hg concentrations estimated by DGT would be overestimated as a reason of an uptake of these mercury chemical forms by DGT, necessitating to interpret the results with caution. Finally, DGT applications on the Rapel lake watershed in Chile have highlighted DGT capacity to identify the spatial variation of contamination as well as DGT relevance to integrate temporal variations of Hg concentrations linked with hydropower production plant operations
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Finsterlová, Hana. "Studium vlastností sorpčních gelů pro stanovení rtuti technikou DGT". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216541.

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The aim of this thesis is testing of resin gels used in diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for determination of mercury in natural waters. The sorbets, chosen for preparation of resing gels were: Duolit GT- 73, Spheron- Thiol, and Chelex 100 and newly modified sorbent Iontosorb AV. At the beginning of work, the preparation procedure of all resing gels was optimized. After optimalization of preparation procedure the resin gels were tested in mercury model solutions. The recovery test and time dependence test were performed. When the basic tests were finished, they were followed by the tests of influence of natural ligand (humic acids and chlorides), and other parameters (above all pH and ionic strenght), on mercury determination by DGT technique.
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Perez, Magali. "Développement de capteurs passifs pour le diagnostic et la gestion environnementale du cuivre en zone viticole". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3026/document.

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L’utilisation répétée de la bouillie bordelaise pour la lutte contre le mildiou a entrainé une accumulation de cuivre dans les sols viticoles. Afin d’évaluer l’impact de cette pollution, les capteurs passifs sont fréquemment utilisés pour renseigner sur la biodisponibilité du cuivre et donc sur sa toxicité. Toutefois, au vu de l’ensemble des principes de diffusion qui régissent l’échantillonnage par capteur passif, plusieurs modifications, notamment sur la géométrie, ont pu être apportées et constituent l’objet de cette étude au travers du développement de nouveaux capteurs passifs : les DMG (Diffusive MilliGel). Leur synthèse par un système millifluidique leur confère une géométrie unique, constituée de billes ellipsoïdales de dimension millimétrique. Leurs paramètres physico-chimiques ont été caractérisés. Différents paramètres tels que le temps d’exposition et les méthodes d’analyses ont été optimisés. Les DMG ont été testés au cours d’applications environnementales et leur aptitude à échantillonner la fraction labile du cuivre a été mise en évidence. Une première étude dans des eaux douces a permis de mettre en évidence l’influence de la matière organique sur la fraction retenue par DMG, ainsi que l’aptitude de ce capteur à évaluer la toxicité du cuivre. Pour cela, un organisme modèle, Ceriodaphnia dubia, a été exposé dans les mêmes conditions au cours d’une étude écotoxicologique. La comparaison entre les DMG, les DGT et une méthode par colonne de chelex a mis en évidence les avantages qu’offre ce capteur par rapport aux autres techniques. Enfin, une série d’expériences sur les sols viticoles a révélé les aptitudes des DMG à échantillonner du cuivre dans cette matrice complexe
Repeated use of copper in Bordeaux mixture to fight against mildew has led to an accumulation of this metal in the vineyard soils. To assess the impact of this pollution, the quantification of this element in the soil is essential and more precisely the quantification of the bioavailable fraction which give an indication of the copper toxicity. For that, the passive samplers appear as reliable and efficient tools. However, due to diffusion principles which control the uptake by passive samplers, an optimization of the geometry seems to be necessary and induced this study through the development of a new passive sampler: the DMG (Diffusive MilliGels). The synthesis by millifluidic process confers a unique geometry; DMG are composed of ellipsoidal beads of around 1 mm diameter. First of all, their physico-chemical parameters were characterized and analytical methods and the exposure time were optimized as well. DMG were then tested for an environmental application and their ability to sample the labile fraction of copper was thus demonstrated. Namely, analysis of freshwater by DMG allowed highlighting the influence of organic matter on the fraction retained by this passive sampler and their ability to evaluate the copper toxicity was confirmed. For that, a living organisms Ceriodaphnia dubia was exposed in the same condition during a comparative ecotoxicological study. Moreover, the comparison between DMG, DGT and a Chelex column method showed the advantages of our developed method particularly for in situ application. Finally, a series of experiments on vineyard soils was performed to reveal the abilities of DMG in copper sampling in this complex matrix
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Jiménez, Piedrahita Martín Emilio. "Interpreting DGT measurements beyond steady-state and perfect-sink conditions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405372.

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La tècnica "Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films" (DGT) permet estudiar la disponibilitat de contaminants o nutrients en aigües a partir de la seva acumulació en dispositius DGT, que acumulen els analits objectiu durant un període conegut de temps. En aquesta tesi es desenvolupen models fisicoquímics que tenen en compte el transport i les reaccions químiques de les espècies presents per a la interpretació de les acumulacions. Es dedica especial atenció als efectes electrostàtics que sorgeixen a baixa força iònica (en el rang típic de valors d'aigües dolces) entre cations metàl•lics o complexos carregats i els setis de resina. La influència de l'acumulació territorial en el disc de resina i la dependència de les constants de velocitat cinètica amb la força iònica son fenòmens que es consideren explícitament. Es desenvolupa també una eina de simulació basada en la resolució de les equacions de Nernst-Plack per a reproduïr les acumulacions experimentals de Mg i Mn, així com per a comprovar l'exactitud d'algunes expressions analítiques aproximades que es presenten. També es consideren situacions en les quals els efectes d'equilibri i competició són rellevants.
Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) technique allows studies of the availability of chemicals in waters by the deployment of DGT devices, which accumulate the target analytes for a known period of time. Physico-chemical models that consider the reactions and transport of species inside the device for the interpretation of the accumulations are developed in this thesis. Special attention is devoted to the electrostatic effects arising at low ionic strength (in the typical range of freshwaters) between metal cations or charged complexes and the resin sites. Influence of territorial binding in the resin disc and dependence of the kinetic rate constants on the ionic strength is explicitly considered. A simulation tool based on solving the Nernst-Plack equations is developped to reproduce the experimental aumulations of Mg and Mn, as well as to check the accuracy of some approximate analytical expressions here reported. Cases where the effective capacity or competition effects are relevant are also considered in this work.
La técnica analítica llamada Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) permite estudiar la disponibilidad de contaminantes y nutrientes en aguas. Los dispositivos DGT se depositan en el medio para que acumulen el analito durante un período de tiempo determinado. En esta tesis se desarrollan modelos fisicoquímicos que consideran las reacciones y el transporte de especies dentro del dispositivo para la interpretación de las acumulaciones. Se presta especial atención a los efectos electrostáticos que se producen entre cationes metálicos o complejos cargados y los sitios de resina, para fuerzas iónicas en el rango de las aguas dulces. Se considera explícitamente la influencia del enlace territorial en el disco de resina y la dependencia de las constantes cinéticas de asociación y disociación con la fuerza iónica. Se desarrolla una herramienta de simulación basada en la resolución de las ecuaciones de Nernst-Plack para reproducir las acumulaciones experimentales de Mg y Mn, así como para comprobar la exactitud de algunas expresiones analíticas aproximadas presentadas en este trabajo. También se consideran situaciones en las cuales los efectos de equilibrio y competición son relevantes.
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Habartová, Aneta. "Stanovení mikroprvků v mléce pomocí ICP-OES po extrakci technikou DGT". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433555.

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This thesis is focused on determination of microelements (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb a Zn) in milk by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) after extraction by Diffusion Gradients in Thin films technique (DGT) containing Chelex 100 resin gel and agarose diffusion gel. The optimalization of DGT in model metal solutions was verified by recommended basic tests. The performance of the DGT technique in the diluted milk matrix was verified. By DGT technique was determined only Zn in real milk matrix with concentration 3,74 ± 0,02 mg/l. The other microelements in the prepared eluate were at or below the limit of detection of the instrumental method. The obtained results were compared with the analysis of milk after microwave digestion by ICP-OES. However, these results were below the detection limit of the device too, only Zn with concentration 3,91 ± 0,16 mg/l was measured. For the future analysis of the selected microelements in milk by DGT technique, further optimization of the preconcentration technique is required, or use of a more sensitive instrumental method.
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Książki na temat "DGT"

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Cicalese, Anna. Da dove dgt?: Chat line, testo e società. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2007.

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Wang, Shengrui, i Zhihao Wu. DGT-based Measurement of Phosphorus in Sediment Microzones and Rhizospheres. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0721-7.

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(Denmark), Etiske råd, red. Dit liv og din død: Digte fra Det Etiske råds digt- og musikkonkurrence. Wyd. 2. Kbn. [i.e. København]: Etiske råd, 1989.

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Wijnberg, Nachoem M. Eerst dit dan dat: Gedichten. Amsterdam: Contact, 2004.

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Thomsen, Søren Ulrik. Det værste og det bedste: Frit efter et digt aft Charles Bukowski. Copenhagen Valby: Vindrose, 2002.

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Ewo, Jon. Dit gatene går når det blir natt: Roman. Oslo: Gyldendal norsk forlag, 1992.

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Valkeapää, Nils-Aslak. Nu guhkkin dat mii lahka =: Så fjernt det nære. Guovdageaidnu [Kautokeino]: DAT, 1994.

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Wie ben ik dat ik dit doen mag: Zes koninklijke inhuldigingen. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 2011.

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Jac, F. P. Det forsømte postbud: Et troubadour-digt til forårskådheden : eller 40 strandsten der vender håndfladen op. Copenhagen Valby: Borgen, 1998.

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Nu guhkkin dat mii lahka: Nils-Aslak Valkeapää = Sa fjernt det nære / Nils-Aslak Valkeapää. Guovdageaidnu: Nils-Aslak, Valkeapää, 1994.

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Części książek na temat "DGT"

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de Bruin, Rosanne, Agaath Koudstaal i Nicole Muller. "DGT-J: specifieke aanpassingen". W Dialectische gedragstherapie voor jongeren met een borderlinestoornis en andere emotieregulatiestoornissen, 87–97. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-7612-4_5.

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de Bruin, Rosanne, Agaath Koudstaal i Nicole Muller. "DGT-J-Vaardigheidstraining: inhoud, opbouw en richtlijnen". W Dialectische gedragstherapie voor jongeren met een borderlinestoornis en andere emotieregulatiestoornissen, 98–109. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-7612-4_6.

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van den Bosch, Wies. "8 ‘Bezint eer gij begint’; DGT en suïcidaliteit". W Suïcidepreventie in de praktijk, 129–47. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-7804-3_8.

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Rose, Claudia. "DGT und Herstellerindustrie unter den Sozialisten: Neue Kräfteverhältnisse". W Der Staat als Kunde und Förderer, 194–215. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09630-6_10.

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Alves, Pedro Geraldo M. R., Jheyne N. Ortiz i Diego F. Aranha. "Faster Homomorphic Encryption over GPGPUs via Hierarchical DGT". W Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 520–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64331-0_27.

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Wang, Shengrui, i Zhihao Wu. "The “Internal P-Loading” at SWI Assessed by DGT Technique". W DGT-based Measurement of Phosphorus in Sediment Microzones and Rhizospheres, 75–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0721-7_4.

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Wang, Shengrui, i Zhihao Wu. "The Uptake and Accumulation of P Assessed by DGT/Rhizobox Method". W DGT-based Measurement of Phosphorus in Sediment Microzones and Rhizospheres, 145–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0721-7_8.

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Wang, Shengrui, i Zhihao Wu. "The Basic Theory of P-process at Sediment/Water Interface (SWI) in Lake". W DGT-based Measurement of Phosphorus in Sediment Microzones and Rhizospheres, 3–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0721-7_1.

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Wang, Shengrui, i Zhihao Wu. "Problem Introduction, Research Idea, and Studying Zone". W DGT-based Measurement of Phosphorus in Sediment Microzones and Rhizospheres, 27–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0721-7_2.

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Wang, Shengrui, i Zhihao Wu. "The Research Methodology". W DGT-based Measurement of Phosphorus in Sediment Microzones and Rhizospheres, 39–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0721-7_3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "DGT"

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Ruemmer, Peter, Ernst-Dieter Knohl, Immo Appenzeller, Christoph F. Kuehne i K. Bahner. "Segmented mirrors for DGT". W The Hague '90, 12-16 April, redaktorzy Joachim J. Schulte-in-den-Baeumen i Robert K. Tyson. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.20415.

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GONG, Li, Josep Crego i Jean Senellart. "SYSTRAN @ WNGT 2019: DGT Task". W Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Neural Generation and Translation. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5629.

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Ried, M., R. Neu i HS Hofmann. "Evaluation nach zweieinhalb Jahren Pleuratumor-Register der DGT". W 26. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1605470.

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Wei, Peng, Xiang-Gen Xia, Yue Xiao i Shaoqian Li. "Low-complexity DGT-based GFDM receivers in broadband channels". W 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccs.2016.7833550.

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Yang, Jigang, Zhenmin Li, Jingwei Ren, Xiaolei Wang, Wei Ni i Gao-Ming Du. "A Polynomial Multiplication Accelerator for Homomorphic Encryption using DGT". W 2021 IEEE 15th International Conference on Anti-counterfeiting, Security, and Identification (ASID). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asid52932.2021.9651679.

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Pi, Kunfu, Juewen Liu i Philippe Van Cappellen. "Direct Detection of Aqueous Hg(II) by DGT-Supported Biosensor". W Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2081.

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Bloom, J. A., i T. R. Reed. "Examining the effects of basis function truncation in the DGT". W Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2000.900997.

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Deffayet, Cédric. "From DGT to dRGT: a review of ``massive gravity'' theories". W Frontiers of Fundamental Physics 14. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.224.0014.

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Picone, M., M. Amoretti i F. Zanichelli. "Evaluating the robustness of the DGT approach for smartphone-based vehicular networks". W 2011 IEEE 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcn.2011.6115557.

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AlHammadi, Munir Khamis. "Yibal Khuff Most Complex Project in PDO". W ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210902-ms.

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Abstract Yibal Khuff Project has been developed as green field Project by means of an optimized integrated depletion strategy. It has gone through all the stages of opportunity realisation Process (ORP) of the Company whereby its DG1 (Decision Gate 1 i.e. Identify and Select) phase kicked in year 2008, followed by FID (Finance Investment Decision) through DG4 in June 2015. The opportunity is to safely develop the Yibal Khuff and Sudair reservoirs to realize synergy between the depletion of the Upper Khuff oil rim and its associated gas (AG) and Khuff-5 and Sudair non-associated gas (NAG) reservoirs, known as the Yibal Khuff Project (YKP) The Project, throughout its ORP journey (viz. DG2, DG3 & DG4) has been subjected to various internal costs & schedule benchmarks such as ESAR3/VAR3 (Estimate and Schedules Assurance Review/Value Assurance Review), ESAR4/VAR4 in order to ensure qualitative ROI (Return on Investments) on Shareholders FID.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "DGT"

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NMR Publisering. Det internationale Norden. Nordisk Ministerråd, czerwiec 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/anp2013-752.

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Wauson, Kerry Wesley. DET Kaizen Summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1574729.

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NMR Publicering. Det framtida nordiska hälsosamarbetet. Nordisk Ministerråd, czerwiec 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/anp2014-730.

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Anantatmula, R. P. DST pitting annual report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330737.

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Malinchik, Sergey, i Janet E. Wedgewood. Dynamic Gaming Platform (DGP). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada498356.

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Koc, Ut-Va, i K. J. Liu. DCT-Based Motion Estimation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada452980.

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Pezzaniti, Larry, Sanjay Krishna i Payman Zarkesh-Ha. Quantum DOT IR Photodetectors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, lipiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580397.

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Stone, Scot J. Mammalian Diacylglycerol Acyltransferases (DGAT). AOCS, czerwiec 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lipidlibrary.39186.

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Norgard, John D., i Ronald M. Sega. B-Dot Probe Measurement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, listopad 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230979.

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NMR Publisering. Kommunikasjonsstrategi for det nordiske miljøsamarbeidet. Nordisk Ministerråd, lipiec 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/na2013-917.

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