Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Detention

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Detention”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 21 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Detention"

1

Keown, Patrick. "Place of safety orders in England: changes in use and outcome, 1984/5 to 2010/11". Psychiatrist 37, nr 3 (marzec 2013): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.111.034348.

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Aims and methodTo detail changes in the use of place of safety orders in England, including the outcome of these detentions, using publicly available data.ResultsThere was a sixfold increase in the rate of the Mental Health Act Section 136 detentions to places of safety in hospitals between 1984 and 2011. The use of Section 135 and the rate of subsequent detention under Section 2 or 3 also increased, but the proportion of people detained fell as the absolute rate of detention increased. There was a wide variation between regions in the use of hospitals or police stations as places of safety. The change in the annual rate of detention under Section 136 was associated with the annual change in the population of England.Clinical implicationsThe increase in detentions to places of safety in hospitals may in part reflect their move from police cells. It may also reflect a real increase in overall rate of detention and possibly a change in the threshold for the use of Section 136 detentions.
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2

Stevenson, Gary S. "Civil detentions of older adults under successive Scottish mental health legislation: a comparative analysis". International Psychogeriatrics 23, nr 8 (1.03.2011): 1344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211000135.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Many countries have adopted new mental health legislation, with the detention of adults for treatment of mental disorders remaining an integral part of such policies. However, there are relatively few publications on the use of mental health legislation in the detention of older adults. This paper examines the civil detention of older adults in one Scottish region under successive mental health legislation.Method:This prospective study collected data primarily by clinician-based interviews on all emergency detentions under the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1984 of older adults in 1994 and compared these with all emergency and initial short-term detentions under the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 of older adults during 2008 in the same Scottish region.Results:There were a total of 124 detentions, with an initial rate of 68 increasing to 141 detentions per 100,000 of the respective over-65 year age populations, a two-fold increase. Compared to the 1994 patient cohort, the 2008 cohort had higher rates of over 85-year-olds (18.4% v 5.4%) and organic mental disorders (74.7% v 56.8%) and were significantly more likely to be detained by consultant psychiatrists (73.6% v 18.9%) during working hours (87.4% v 48.6%) and proceed to six-month detention orders (31% v 10.8%).Conclusion:The observed higher rates and longer periods of detention in the 2008 cohort may reflect changes in clinical attitudes and legal requirements from a previous reliance on the common law doctrine of necessity to the requirements of a more legalistic framework, and may signal future clinical requirements, given the aging population, pointing towards the need for earlier recognition and management of clinical issues in an attempt to minimize the “necessity” of clinico-legal intervention.
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3

Audini, Bernard, i Paul Lelliott. "Age, gender and ethnicity of those detained under Part II of the Mental Health Act 1983". British Journal of Psychiatry 180, nr 3 (marzec 2002): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.3.222.

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BackgroundAggregate returns give limited information about those detained under the Mental Health Act 1983.AimsTo use existing data-sets to examine detentions under Part II of the Act.MethodData from 26 areas, with a combined population of 9.2 million, were combined. Population census data were used to standardise rates of detention by age, gender and ethnicity.ResultsThe 31 702 detentions are distributed bimodally with peaks at age 25–34 years and at over age 80 years. In the younger age group rates of detention are higher for men. The excess of women in the older group is no longer apparent when rates are standardised for age and gender. Detentions are over six times more likely to be of Black people than of White (450 v. 68 per standardised 100 000 population).ConclusionsThe difference in rates of detention between Black and White people is greater than previously thought. The excess of older women detained under Part II of the Act is largely due to the lower life expectancy of men.
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4

Hill-Cawthorne, Lawrence. "Detention in the context of counterterrorism and armed conflict: Continuities and new challenges". International Review of the Red Cross 103, nr 916-917 (kwiecień 2021): 555–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383121000333.

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AbstractThis article explores recent practices of States in relation to counterterrorism and armed conflict detention. Recent cases in the courts of the UK and US are drawn on to demonstrate the continued defence by those States of their administrative detention practices. Furthermore, the practice of other States in adopting new administrative detention laws as part of their counterterrorism strategies is explored. Finally, two examples of contemporary controversies are then considered to show where much of the debate is likely to be focused in the coming years, namely the use of other administrative measures short of detention, particularly assigned residence, and detentions carried out by armed groups that are supported by foreign States.
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5

Wickersham, Alice, Shilpa Nairi, Rebecca Jones i Brynmor Lloyd-Evans. "The Mental Health Act Assessment Process and Risk Factors for Compulsory Admission to Psychiatric Hospital: A Mixed Methods Study". British Journal of Social Work 50, nr 3 (11.04.2019): 642–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz037.

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Abstract Background Compulsory admission rates under the Mental Health Act (MHA) have been on the rise for many years despite representing a costly and coercive approach to psychiatric care. There is therefore an urgent need to minimise compulsory admission rates using interventions based on known risk factors for detention. However, risk factors in the MHA assessment process have been under-researched. Methods A mixed methods service evaluation was conducted in one inner London NHS Trust. A retrospective cohort study used routinely collected assessment records to model potential risk factors for detention. Local assessors were interviewed to explore factors that might help or hinder detention minimisation. Main findings Assessments were less likely to result in detention when professionals other than the assessing team were in attendance, although this association weakened after adjusting for potential confounders. Interviewed assessors identified factors that could contribute to detention minimisation in the assessment process, in general service provision, and in wider society. Conclusion Some local assessment processes could contribute to minimising detention rates, such as community team participation in assessments. Challenges posed by limited resources and community and inpatient care were particularly evident. Consideration of these might also help reduce detentions.
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6

Smith, Helen, i Tom White. "Before and after: introduction of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003". Psychiatric Bulletin 31, nr 10 (październik 2007): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.107.015446.

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Aims and MethodThe aim of the study was to assess the impact of the introduction of new mental health legislation in October 2005 on general adult psychiatry admissions. Patients were included in the study if they were admitted to Murray Royal Hospital, Perth from December 2004 to July 2005 and December 2005 to July 2006.ResultsFewer patients were detained but they were more likely to progress to longer-term detentions. Overall detained patients remained in hospital for shorter periods.Clinical ImplicationsThe change in de novo detention procedures reduced the number of de novo detentions. The new power to enforce medication in the community may have contributed to the reduced length of detention in hospital.
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7

Deering, Alistair. "Consent to emergency detention in Edinburgh". Psychiatric Bulletin 18, nr 5 (maj 1994): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.5.282.

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Circumstances surrounding emergency detention under the Mental Health (Scotland) Act were examined, with particular regard to whether consent was obtained from a third party. Twenty-eight ot 100 consecutive detentions occurred without consent. These patients were more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviour and be detained by a psychiatric registrar or senior registrar. Mental disorder was doubted more often and detention was less often continued. Reasons given for failing to obtain consent were frequently inadequate and possible explanations are discussed. Increased education and supervision of trainees resulted in a substantial fall in cases of non-consent in a follow-up sample.
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8

Richards, Gareth, Nick Millward, Philip Evans, James Rogers i Andrew Smith. "Acute Effects of Energy Drinks on Behavioural Sanctions in Secondary School Children: A Preliminary Study". Journal of Food Research 4, nr 4 (9.04.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n4p1.

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<p>A large body of research suggests that diet can exert significant effects on behaviour, mood, and cognition. Of particular concern in recent years has been the rapid rise in popularity of highly caffeinated energy drinks, with some suggesting that they may negatively impact the performance, behaviour and health of schoolchildren. The current study aimed to assess whether these products exert acute effects on the likelihood of children receiving detentions. In addition, another known risk factor, the omission of breakfast, was also recorded. Participants in the current study came from a cohort of 3071 pupils attending three secondary schools in the South West of England. Those who were given a detention during a weeklong period of December 2013 (<em>N</em> = 40) were asked to state whether or not they had consumed an energy drink and eaten breakfast that day. The results were then compared to a control day later in the same week on which detentions had not been received. The children given detention were found to be more likely to habitually consume energy drinks and skip breakfast than other children in the cohort from which they came. The major difference between detention and control days was that on detention days there was an increase in both missing breakfast and consuming energy drinks. Though conclusions must be tentative due to the preliminary nature of the study, the results indicate that breakfast intervention programmes and restricting energy drink consumption may be effective methods for reducing problem behaviour in secondary schools.</p>
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9

Warrington, Claire. "Repeated Police Mental Health Act Detentions in England and Wales: Trauma and Recurrent Suicidality". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 23 (29.11.2019): 4786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234786.

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Most police Mental Health Act (Section 136) detentions in England and Wales relate to suicide prevention. Despite attempts to reduce detention rates, numbers have risen almost continually. Although Section 136 has been subject to much academic and public policy scrutiny, the topic of individuals being detained on multiple occasions remains under-researched and thus poorly understood. A mixed methods study combined six in-depth interviews with people who had experienced numerous suicidal crises and police intervention, with detailed police and mental health records. A national police survey provided wider context. Consultants with lived experience of complex mental health problems jointly analysed interviews. Repeated detention is a nationally recognised issue. In South East England, it almost exclusively relates to suicide or self-harm and accounts for a third of all detentions. Females are detained with the highest frequencies. The qualitative accounts revealed complex histories of unresolved trauma that had catastrophically damaged interviewee’s relational foundations, rendering them disenfranchised from services and consigned to relying on police intervention in repeated suicidal crises. A model is proposed that offers a way to conceptualise the phenomenon of repeated detention, highlighting that long-term solutions to sustain change are imperative, as reactive-only responses can perpetuate crisis cycles.
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10

Aydin, Hasan. "Human Rights Jeopardized in Turkey: Governmental and Judicial Intentions to Erode Due Process and the Right to a Fair Trial". Commentaries 1, nr 1 (27.11.2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tc.v1i1.1998.

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Human Rights Watch and other human rights organizations have drawn attention to abusive persecutions, the erosion of the right to a fair trial and torture during detention in Turkey. The government has ignored or sidestepped the European Convention on Human Rights’ (ECHR) decisions pertaining to pre-trial detentions and fair trials by adding new grounds to indictments and continuing pre-trial detentions.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Detention"

1

Barrett, Susan, i N/A. "Pathways to Detention". Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070824.112806.

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This research utilised a range of deterministic and stochastic analyses to establish whether Queensland's juvenile justice system processes Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders differently. The impetus for this research stemmed from the continued high rates of Aboriginal over-representation within Australia's criminal justice system, despite diversionary measures to reduce such over-representation, and a commitment by the Queensland Government to reduce by 50% the number of Aboriginal peoples in custody by the year 2011. There are two competing hypotheses concerning the cause of this over-representation, (i) external factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage, unemployment or substance abuse, or (ii) systemic disparity within the criminal justice system. For this research, disparity is defined as the unacceptable use of discrimination; discrimination can be appropriate if it is used to define or enhance a situation, such as discriminating between offenders who are recidivists and those who are first time offenders. The inappropriate use of discrimination occurs for example, when harsher sentences are issued to offenders based on non-legal factors such as race or gender. Systemic disparity is therefore used here to represent the inappropriate use of discrimination against an offender by the criminal justice system. The second hypothesis, one of systemic disparity, provided the framework for this research, which posed the following primary question: Is there quantifiable evidence to support the existence of disparity acting against young male Aboriginal offenders within Queensland's juvenile justice system? Two separate but complementary studies were designed to address this issue: the pathways study and the trajectory study. The pathways study utilised 20,648 finalised appearances for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders in Queensland's juvenile courts, during 1999 to 2003. Three custodial decision-making stages (police custody, remand, and sentencing) were examined and two questions initially posed: Does the custodial decision made at one stage of the juvenile justice system impact on a subsequent custodial decision-making stage? Does criminal history, Aboriginal status, offence type or an interaction of these factors significantly influence the probability of (i) detention in police custody (ii) court remand (iii) a custodial order at sentencing? It was recognised that other legally relevant factors such as family structure and stability, school attendance and community ties might also influence these custodial decisions; however, for the purposes of this research it was not possible to include these variables in the analyses. Controlling for criminal history, findings from logistic regression analyses indicated that being detained in police custody increased the odds of being remanded into custody, and being remanded into custody increased the odds of a custodial order. Whilst Aboriginal status was not a consistent factor at any of these three custodial stages, there was clear evidence of disparity acting against the young male Aboriginal offender, particularly early in their criminal career. To examine these disparities further, these three custodial stages were modeled as eight processing pathways: four of which resulted in a custodial order and four in a noncustodial order. Using this processing model, a third question was posed: Do young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male offenders have different custodial pathways? Findings indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders were in general, processed along similar custodial pathways that did not include police custody, remand or a custodial order. However, young male Aboriginal offenders were less likely than equivalent non-Aboriginal offenders to have been processed along this pathway and more likely to be processed along the pathways that included remand. It was found that young offenders with a chronic criminal history were more likely to be processed along these remand pathways, and Aboriginal offenders were more likely to have a chronic criminal history than non-Aboriginal offenders; there was clear evidence of disparity at specific custodial stages of the system. In addition, as young male Aboriginal offenders progressed deeper into the system there was evidence of cumulative disparity, particularly along the remand pathways, meaning that the probability of being in custody increases as the offender progresses from one custodial stage to the next custodial stage. Given the existence of disparity, acting within the juvenile justice system and against the young male Aboriginal offender, it was important to formulate viable solutions to such disparity, particularly in light of the Queensland government's commitment to reduce Aboriginal offenders in custody by 50%. Deterministic analyses and computer simulations were used to test the viability of various reduction scenarios suggested by the data. Despite in some instances, different results from the deterministic analyses and the computer simulations, overall findings indicated that to reduce custodial disparity whether at the remand stage, the custodial order stage, or in custody overall (the summation of police custody, remand and custodial orders) that reducing remand, regardless of whether the young offender had been in police custody or not, was the best overall solution. The trajectory study built on the findings of the pathways study, which had identified criminal history as an important factor in the processing pathways of young male Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders. Using the semi-parametric group based method, the criminal trajectories of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders in Queensland were modeled. These trajectories were based on the finalised appearances of two cohorts of young offenders aged 10 to 17 years of age: those born in 1983 and 1984 and who had turned 18 years of age in 2001 and 2002 respectively. All of these young male offenders had entered the adult system when they turned 17 years of age, and this data provided their complete juvenile history in Queensland. Prior analyses using this method had not considered Aboriginal status or race as a determining factor in these trajectory models, nor had these models been validated either internally or externally in published works. For this research, internal validity was considered as the correct classification of offenders into trajectory groups, and external validity as the ability to reproduce these results in a second or subsequent sample of juvenile offenders. Two questions were therefore posed in the trajectory study: Do young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male offenders have different criminal trajectories? Can the predicted model(s) be validated, both internally and externally? Initial findings indicated that the optimal trajectory models selected on prior knowledge and the Bayesian Information Criterion did not validate internally. This finding brought into question the trajectory results of other published works that had not internally validated their models. The models finally selected as optimal indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders did not have a common criminal trajectory and could not be modeled as one population. Both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young offenders were modeled by a low-frequency group, a late-onset group, and a chronic trajectory group. However, the young male Aboriginal offender was more likely than the non-Aboriginal to have been in the chronic or the late onset group and less likely to have been in the lowfrequency group. External validation utilised an innovative but simple method that utilised all of the data in the modeling process along with a sample of this same data for validation purposes: 10% of the criminal profiles, which were characteristic of the trajectory groups, and a further 5% of randomly selected profiles were chosen for validation. All of the characteristic profiles, but only 50% of the randomly selected profiles were validated, and of the latter, the majority not validated was in the late-onset group. In total, 79.2% of the Aboriginal trajectories and 85.6% of the non-Aboriginal criminal trajectories were correctly externally validated. Overall, there are two important implications from this research for government. First, even though young male Aboriginal offenders are more likely to have a chronic criminal history than non-Aboriginal offenders, this factor does not account for all of the observed disparity acting against the young Aboriginal offender within Queensland's juvenile justice system: there is evidence of disparity within the system that is unaccounted for by either offence type or criminal history. Second, given this chronic criminal history, systemic solutions to systemic disparity whilst viable, will not ultimately resolve this problem: they are only short-term measures at the end of a very long justice system. Longer-term solutions are needed to address external factors such as socio-economic disadvantage, unemployment and substance abuse in Aboriginal communities, before these young people are exposed to the system. Continuing to concentrate on systemic solutions, to such an entrenched problem as Aboriginal overrepresentation and disparity, is a misdirection of system resources and is inconsistent with social justice.
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2

Barrett, Susan. "Pathways to Detention". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366448.

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This research utilised a range of deterministic and stochastic analyses to establish whether Queensland's juvenile justice system processes Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders differently. The impetus for this research stemmed from the continued high rates of Aboriginal over-representation within Australia's criminal justice system, despite diversionary measures to reduce such over-representation, and a commitment by the Queensland Government to reduce by 50% the number of Aboriginal peoples in custody by the year 2011. There are two competing hypotheses concerning the cause of this over-representation, (i) external factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage, unemployment or substance abuse, or (ii) systemic disparity within the criminal justice system. For this research, disparity is defined as the unacceptable use of discrimination; discrimination can be appropriate if it is used to define or enhance a situation, such as discriminating between offenders who are recidivists and those who are first time offenders. The inappropriate use of discrimination occurs for example, when harsher sentences are issued to offenders based on non-legal factors such as race or gender. Systemic disparity is therefore used here to represent the inappropriate use of discrimination against an offender by the criminal justice system. The second hypothesis, one of systemic disparity, provided the framework for this research, which posed the following primary question: Is there quantifiable evidence to support the existence of disparity acting against young male Aboriginal offenders within Queensland's juvenile justice system? Two separate but complementary studies were designed to address this issue: the pathways study and the trajectory study. The pathways study utilised 20,648 finalised appearances for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders in Queensland's juvenile courts, during 1999 to 2003. Three custodial decision-making stages (police custody, remand, and sentencing) were examined and two questions initially posed: Does the custodial decision made at one stage of the juvenile justice system impact on a subsequent custodial decision-making stage? Does criminal history, Aboriginal status, offence type or an interaction of these factors significantly influence the probability of (i) detention in police custody (ii) court remand (iii) a custodial order at sentencing? It was recognised that other legally relevant factors such as family structure and stability, school attendance and community ties might also influence these custodial decisions; however, for the purposes of this research it was not possible to include these variables in the analyses. Controlling for criminal history, findings from logistic regression analyses indicated that being detained in police custody increased the odds of being remanded into custody, and being remanded into custody increased the odds of a custodial order. Whilst Aboriginal status was not a consistent factor at any of these three custodial stages, there was clear evidence of disparity acting against the young male Aboriginal offender, particularly early in their criminal career. To examine these disparities further, these three custodial stages were modeled as eight processing pathways: four of which resulted in a custodial order and four in a noncustodial order. Using this processing model, a third question was posed: Do young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male offenders have different custodial pathways? Findings indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders were in general, processed along similar custodial pathways that did not include police custody, remand or a custodial order. However, young male Aboriginal offenders were less likely than equivalent non-Aboriginal offenders to have been processed along this pathway and more likely to be processed along the pathways that included remand. It was found that young offenders with a chronic criminal history were more likely to be processed along these remand pathways, and Aboriginal offenders were more likely to have a chronic criminal history than non-Aboriginal offenders; there was clear evidence of disparity at specific custodial stages of the system. In addition, as young male Aboriginal offenders progressed deeper into the system there was evidence of cumulative disparity, particularly along the remand pathways, meaning that the probability of being in custody increases as the offender progresses from one custodial stage to the next custodial stage. Given the existence of disparity, acting within the juvenile justice system and against the young male Aboriginal offender, it was important to formulate viable solutions to such disparity, particularly in light of the Queensland government's commitment to reduce Aboriginal offenders in custody by 50%. Deterministic analyses and computer simulations were used to test the viability of various reduction scenarios suggested by the data. Despite in some instances, different results from the deterministic analyses and the computer simulations, overall findings indicated that to reduce custodial disparity whether at the remand stage, the custodial order stage, or in custody overall (the summation of police custody, remand and custodial orders) that reducing remand, regardless of whether the young offender had been in police custody or not, was the best overall solution. The trajectory study built on the findings of the pathways study, which had identified criminal history as an important factor in the processing pathways of young male Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders. Using the semi-parametric group based method, the criminal trajectories of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders in Queensland were modeled. These trajectories were based on the finalised appearances of two cohorts of young offenders aged 10 to 17 years of age: those born in 1983 and 1984 and who had turned 18 years of age in 2001 and 2002 respectively. All of these young male offenders had entered the adult system when they turned 17 years of age, and this data provided their complete juvenile history in Queensland. Prior analyses using this method had not considered Aboriginal status or race as a determining factor in these trajectory models, nor had these models been validated either internally or externally in published works. For this research, internal validity was considered as the correct classification of offenders into trajectory groups, and external validity as the ability to reproduce these results in a second or subsequent sample of juvenile offenders. Two questions were therefore posed in the trajectory study: Do young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male offenders have different criminal trajectories? Can the predicted model(s) be validated, both internally and externally? Initial findings indicated that the optimal trajectory models selected on prior knowledge and the Bayesian Information Criterion did not validate internally. This finding brought into question the trajectory results of other published works that had not internally validated their models. The models finally selected as optimal indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young male offenders did not have a common criminal trajectory and could not be modeled as one population. Both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young offenders were modeled by a low-frequency group, a late-onset group, and a chronic trajectory group. However, the young male Aboriginal offender was more likely than the non-Aboriginal to have been in the chronic or the late onset group and less likely to have been in the lowfrequency group. External validation utilised an innovative but simple method that utilised all of the data in the modeling process along with a sample of this same data for validation purposes: 10% of the criminal profiles, which were characteristic of the trajectory groups, and a further 5% of randomly selected profiles were chosen for validation. All of the characteristic profiles, but only 50% of the randomly selected profiles were validated, and of the latter, the majority not validated was in the late-onset group. In total, 79.2% of the Aboriginal trajectories and 85.6% of the non-Aboriginal criminal trajectories were correctly externally validated. Overall, there are two important implications from this research for government. First, even though young male Aboriginal offenders are more likely to have a chronic criminal history than non-Aboriginal offenders, this factor does not account for all of the observed disparity acting against the young Aboriginal offender within Queensland's juvenile justice system: there is evidence of disparity within the system that is unaccounted for by either offence type or criminal history. Second, given this chronic criminal history, systemic solutions to systemic disparity whilst viable, will not ultimately resolve this problem: they are only short-term measures at the end of a very long justice system. Longer-term solutions are needed to address external factors such as socio-economic disadvantage, unemployment and substance abuse in Aboriginal communities, before these young people are exposed to the system. Continuing to concentrate on systemic solutions, to such an entrenched problem as Aboriginal overrepresentation and disparity, is a misdirection of system resources and is inconsistent with social justice.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
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Elin, Örtman. "The Swedish Model of Detention : A case study of Åstorp Detention Centre". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80333.

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Detention centres are a rather new phenomena in the Swedish institutional setup. However, due to the migration inflow of 2015 it is now rapidly expanding all over Sweden. So far, it has been only scarcely monitored and researched and mostly with a focus on the perspective of the detainee’s health or the employee’s experiences at the detention centres. Little is known about the role of the NGOs and how they collaborate with the Migration Agency to secure the rights for those who are detained. This study is a qualitative case study on one of the five detention centres in Sweden, namely Åstorp detention centre which is located in Skåne 20km from Helsingborg. Four interviews have been made with the Migration Agency and with the NGOs that are continuously visiting the detainees in Åstorp. By using data triangulation, the validity of the study has increased and principles from the rights-based approach have been used to highlight important aspects of the collaboration. One significant finding in this research is that the Migration Agency is willingly increasing the transparency by inviting an unlimited number of NGOs to monitor and secure the rights for the detainees, which in turn has led to Sweden's detention centres being referred to as a successful model for the rest of the world. This study has also showed a successful and mutual collaboration between the Migration Agency and the NGOs and even if their roles at the detention centres are different, all participants are working towards a common goal, to improve the conditions for those who are detained. Notwithstanding the relatively limited sample by including one out of five detention centres, this study contributes also, in a small way, to new insights of the situation in Sweden's detention centres and the importance of a successful collaboration between the Migration Agency and NGOs for the detainee’s rights.
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Simanovic, Tia. "Can Detention Reduce Recidivism of Youth? An Outcome Evaluation of a Juvenile Detention Center". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28389.

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This study is an outcome evaluation of a secure unit of one juvenile detention center in the Midwest. The primary purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between a secure detention placement and recidivism on a sample of Midwest juvenile offenders. Besides the examination of recidivism of the total sample, this study examined differences between two subsamples of the institutionalized juveniles, those in a treatment program and those in detention only. The importance of demographics, prior admissions, length of stay, frequency of institutional misconduct, and exposure to treatment was examined. Results suggest a significant negative relationship between the age at admission and recidivism, and a positive one between prior admissions and recidivism. Length of stay, institutional misconduct, and treatment did not reach significance. This study did not find support for the effectiveness of juvenile detention in recidivism reduction. Implications of findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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McMaster, Don. "Detention, deterrence, discrimination : Australian refugee policy /". Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm167.pdf.

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Nugent, Patricia M. "The use of detention legislation, factors affecting detention decisions and recidivism among high-risk federal offenders in Ontario". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ54426.pdf.

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Karlbom, Sara. "Rape as Torture : Rapes by State Actors in Detention v. Rapes by non-State Actors outside Detention Facilities". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-43415.

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Anstee, Jodie. "Constructivism, contestation and the international detention regime". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/70953.

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The international detention regime has been placed under a considerable amount of strain in the context of the war on terror. Political elites in both the USA and UK have significantly challenged accepted standards of appropriateness regarding detention, even though these states are traditionally strongly associated with the promotion of human rights internationally. Such defections and contestations present researchers with an intriguing process to understand, as these practices, by definition, challenge our settled assumptions about the post Cold-war international order. This thesis examines one element of this puzzle, assessing how the normative constraints associated with the international detention regime were negotiated by the Blair government and Bush administration so as to allow for contestation and apparent defection in 2001-2006. Generally, the IR literature on norms has focused on their constraining power, considering simple dichotomies of compliance and defection, often drawing on pre-defined interests to explain behaviour. Whilst constructivists have recognised the constitutive nature of norms, they lack a persuasive account of the micro-foundational processes of norm influence which prevents them from engaging with the contestation of seemingly embedded international normative standards. In order to address this problem I draw from the social identity approach in social psychology, where scholars focus on the multiplicity of social identities and the interactive processes of norm influence and contestation at a micro-foundational level. I demonstrate that by firmly embedding individuals in the broader social identities context and focusing on the management strategies employed by political elites we can better understand the nature of normative constraint in these cases, and whether or not an enabling framework for such counter-normative practices was established. This thesis aims to bridge some of the gap that exists between research that focuses on international norms and that which concentrates on state leaders, demonstrating the importance of the broader interactive processes of contestation, generally missing from current constructivist accounts of international norms.
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McPherson, Jared L. "Indefinite Detention as a Democratic Counterterrorism Policy". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1416091531.

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Bauer, Richard D. "Optimization of detention ponds for urbanizing watersheds /". Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559856651&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Książki na temat "Detention"

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Nwangwu, Ignatius Omaga. Murder in detention. Enugu, Nigeria: Computer Edge Publishers, 2005.

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Brouwers, Marisca. Women in detention. The Hague: Research and Documentation Centre, Research Ministry of Justice, 1989.

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ill, Hagen Stefan, red. Appetite for detention. New York, NY: Bloomsbury U.S.A. Children's Books, 2008.

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Nwangwu, Ignatius Omaga. Murder in detention. Nsukka: Jobus International Press, 1999.

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Division, Canada Immigration and Refugee Board Immigration. Detention review hearings. [Ottawa]: Communications Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, 2006.

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The detention club. New York: Balzer + Bray, 2011.

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Montana. Legislature. Joint Interim Subcommittee on Adult and Juvenile Detention. Issues regarding adult detention. Helena?]: Montana Board of Crime Control, 1989.

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Pretrial detention: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1985.

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Canada. Immigration and Refugee Board. Guidelines on detention: Backgrounder. Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board, 1998.

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Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. Immigration detention officer handbook. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1987.

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Części książek na temat "Detention"

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Vicol, Mihaela-Catalina. "Detention". W Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 539–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_204.

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Weber, Leanne, Elaine Fishwick i Marinella Marmo. "Detention". W Crime, Justice and Human Rights, 167–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29921-5_11.

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Gerlach, Alice. "Detention". W Dignity, Women, and Immigration Detention, 59–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367823153-3.

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Schofield, John. "Detention". W Laytime and Demurrage, 549–72. Wyd. 8. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198406-8.

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Pellecchia, Umberto, i Aurélie Ponthieu. "Detention". W Handbook of Refugee Health, 142–46. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429464874-6-7.

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Łazowski, Adam, i Susan Nash. "Detention". W The European Arrest Warrant in Practice, 33–50. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-563-6_3.

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Morewitz, Stephen J. "Juvenile Detention". W Runaway and Homeless Youth, 195–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30863-0_19.

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Pammler, Helmut. "Security detention". W The Routledge International Handbook of Penal Abolition, 336. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429425035-50.

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Allinson, Kathryn, Justine Stefanelli i Katharine T. Weatherhead. "Immigration detention". W Human Rights of Migrants in the 21st Century, 27–34. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in liberty and security: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315145396-4.

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Glenser, Peter, i Kirsty Sutherland. "Legal Aspects of Detention in Military Detention 1". W Monitoring Detention, Custody, Torture, and Ill-Treatment, 177–90. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315211459-9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Detention"

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Lototsky, Anton Sergeevich. "«Voluntary» Detention". W АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ И ПУБЛИЧНОГО ПРАВА. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) ВГУЮ (РПА Минюста России), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/978-5-6044512-4-3_2020_2_11.

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Čepo, Marina. "DETENTION OF ASYLUM SEEKERS THROUGH THE PRACTICE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY AND THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE NEW PACT ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM". W EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18301.

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Restrictions on freedom of movement, in particular the detention of asylum seekers as the most severe form of such restrictions, constitute an interference with fundamental human rights and must be approached with particular care. In view of the migration and refugee crisis, the Republic of Hungary has begun to amend its asylum legislation, thus tightening the conditions for the detention of asylum seekers. The introduction of the provision establishing that asylum may be sought only in transit zones has also led to the gradual detention of asylum seekers in transit zones, which Hungary did not consider as detention. This issue was brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union (hereinafter: CJEU), which drastically changed the path taken by the Hungarian government when it comes to detaining asylum seekers. What the CJEU has found is that leaving people in transit zones without the right to free movement is to be considered detention, even though they are not specialized detention facilities. The CJEU ordered that such a practice must cease immediately. Therefore, this paper will examine the Hungarian practice following the judgment of the CJEU. The CJEU has taken a major step towards protecting the rights of asylum seekers as regards detention, and the EU recently adopted amendments as part of the new Pact on Migration and Asylum aimed at improving the existing asylum system. The second part of the paper analyzes the provisions of the new Pact on Migration and Asylum related to detention in order to determine whether the proposed amendments contribute to the Common European Asylum System and the protection of the human rights of asylum seekers or represent a step backwards.
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Morris, Charles D., i Gary T. Moore. "Detention Basin Outlet Structure Modifications". W World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)278.

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Matei, Carmen. "Reflection on Social Entrepreneurship in the Penitentiary Environment". W World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/40.

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Entrepreneurship can be a solution to the dilemma: “Labour is a form of education, a way of ensuring existence, gaining autonomy, a physical and mental training, a way of oppression, a form of occupational therapy, all together or …none of the variants listed?” Depending on the reference field and the perspectives offered by different specializations, work is defined as a physical or intellectual action, which develop material and emotional satisfactions. Especially in closed environments, it is practiced as a form of occupational therapy (ergotherapy), because it ensures a sense of usefulness, helping to maintain somato-psycho-emotional health. The schoolmasters highlight the formative values of work for students: evaluate the native skills and abilities, lead to the discovery of new unknown interests and talents, support the student in his perfection by inoculating the ideas of responsibility, order, discipline, etc. Before 1989, in detention environment labour was mandatory, but now, labour is an optional right. The two perspectives are diametrically opposed, and the issue was addressed only from the perspective of reduced job supply, both during detention and after release. There are few publications with strict reference to this topic. In general, the social reintegration of post-execution prisoners is addressed. At this moment, the main problem highlighted is integration/reintegration on the labour market, as the main facilitating step of maintaining the accumulations during the detention period and a primary factor for avoiding the recurrence. However, those who have served a custodial sentence do not have a "ticket" to the labour market. To be known and solved, the situation should be addressed continuously: prevention before detention, education/re-education/training / retraining during detention and placement on the labor market / retraining immediately after release.
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McEnroe, Bruce M., i William J. Heatherman. "Simplified Detention Requirements with Watershed-Wide Benefits". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)423.

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Zallen, Rubin M. "Collapse of Underground Storm Water Detention System". W Second Forensic Engineering Congress. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)11.

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Semenova, V. A., i I. V. Karavaev. "Principles of detention of suspects and accused". W ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-06-2018-66.

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Zhao, Bing. "Cost Minimization for Detention Basin System Design". W 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)102.

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Urbonas, Ben, i Jim Wulliman. "Stormwater Runoff Control Using Full Spectrum Detention". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)36.

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Guo, Qizhong. "Performance of Retrofitted Stormwater Extended Detention Wetlands". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)9.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Detention"

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Baron, E. Jason, Brian Jacob i Joseph Ryan. Pretrial Juvenile Detention. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29861.

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Papastergiou, Vasilis. Detention as the Default: How Greece, with the support of the EU, is generalizing administrative detention of migrants. Oxfam, Greek Council for Refugees, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8250.

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Putting migrants and asylum seekers into detention for administrative reasons is a common practice in Greece, despite this policy contravening human rights. Greek authorities are using detention and the new EU-funded closed compounds as a way to discourage people from seeking asylum in Europe. Detention, as outlined in Greek law, should only be used as a final resort and only then in specific instances. Detention carries with it not only a financial cost, but also a considerable moral cost. Detention without just cause violates basic human rights, such as freedom of movement, the right to health and the right to family life. Alternatives to detention exist and must be prioritized.
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Gardiner, Steven P. Guantanamo Detention Facility - Why is it Still There. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada563846.

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Brock, Diane. Predictors of placement from a juvenile detention facility. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1552.

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Xu, Tao, i Kai Zhu. On-Device Lead Detention for Perovskite Solar Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1830665.

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Kim, Frances, Brandn Green i Katie Loveland. Behavioral health treatment in local detention facilities in Montana. Addictive and Mental Disorders Division, Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36855/sor2020.1.

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Dennis, Wade F. Strategic Detention and Intelligence Operations: GTMO is the Answer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480056.

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Walrath, Daniel R. Rule of Law and Detention Operations in the Counterinsurgency Campaign. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, październik 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535100.

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Kim, Jinki, i John Whalen. Boneyard Creek Restoration: Scott Park and the Second Street Detention Basin. Landscape Architecture Foundation, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31353/cs0490.

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Agirre, A., M. Ruiz i MJ Cantalapiedra. News coverage of immigration detention centres: dynamics between journalists and social movements. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, grudzień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2015-1078en.

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