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Lu, Guofeng. "Détection électrochimique de pesticide et dépôt de film à l’interface liquide-liquide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0231.
Pełny tekst źródłaModern electrochemistry at the liquid-liquid interface, also termed the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES), has been investigated for over a century due to its special interface properties. It provides a unique platform to allows the non-redox electrochemical detection of ions ranging from protons to macromolecules across the soft molecular interface that is intrinsically defect-free and self-healing. Additionally, the ITIES can act as a scaffold to electrodeposit nanometer-sized objects or charged molecules in arrange film. This thesis is intended for the pesticide detection and electrodeposited films at ITIES. In the first part, we made an effort to detect pesticides at micro-ITIES due to its cost-effectiveness. Due to the miniaturization of ITIES, the micro-pore capillary can be as a support to construct a liquid-liquid interface. Thus, the accumulation of analytes from a solution close to neutral pH into an organic phase through an automatic transfer at open-circuit potential is possible and increasing the detection signal. This strategy is successful for ametryn but is failed for the detection of Imidacloprid and Metam sodium. In the second part, we developed silica deposition at Micro-ITIES. The objective of the silica membrane at ITIES is to focus on improving the selectivity for ion transfer. Electrochemical experiments at the liquid-liquid interface revealed that the TMA+ transfer is blocked by the presence of silica film. However, electrodeposit silica at Micro-ITIES is not accurately reproduced due to the geometry limitation. Furthermore, the ex-situ measures are hardly achieved. In the third part, we realized chitosan electrodeposition at ITIES. Chitosan films act as membrane for ion transfer and presented positive charge, which could provide the adsorption effect for negative ion. To improve the structure of chitosan film, the cross-linker Terephthalaldehyde (TPA) is introduced into the organic phase. We demonstrated a protocol for controlling the interfacial reaction with the variable concentration of cross-linker in the organic phase, and the precursor is limited in the aqueous phase. Therefore, we obtained different types of chitosan films
Farouil, Léa. "Etudes théorique et expérimentale de semi-conducteurs organiques pour l'élaboration d'un biocapteur destiné à la détection de la pollution de l'eau". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30310/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to develop an organic photodiode (OPD) designed to be integrated into a biosensor. It is part of the broader framework of studying and improving organic components involved into devices devoted to water pollution monitoring. The need for such portable, fast-response, low-cost microsystems is of great interest. The measurement is based on the fluorescence detection of micro-algae under toxic substances exposure. The excited algae, under a blue light emitting diode (LED), will emit a fluorescence signal whose intensity, modified because of pollutant exposure (Diuron), is detected by the OPD. Since the fluorescence signal is very weak, the ideal OPD must have a low dark current and a high sensitivity. To achieve this performance, a judicious choice of organic semiconductor materials (OSC) used for the OPD is required. In addition, it is interesting to investigate their physico-chemical properties by rationalizing the mechanisms involved in the active layer (photon absorption phenomena, charge transport mechanisms, and losses associated with charge recombinations). This thesis is based on two axes. The first one consists in a theoretical study of the charge exchanges at a nanoscale. This have been done by both optical characterizations and quantum chemistry calculations based on DFT and TD-DFT methods. Calculations were performed on a model system (P3HT) thus providing the basis for a very promising computational protocol for studying the properties of materials of interest, for instance PTB7. The second axis concerns the experimental study of the OPD based on PTB7:PC60BM. We have developed, characterized and optimized an OPD guarantying the detection of algal fluorescence without and with Diuron at about nanomolar concentrations
Boussenadji, Ramdane. "Détection UV et électrochimique en microchromatographie en phase liquide : applications : antioxydants et pesticides". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10221.
Pełny tekst źródłaYamani, Hayat el. "Mesure de la toxicité de polluants par biocapteur. Réalisation d'une électrode à butyrylcholinestérase. Automatisation de la détection de pesticides". Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066089.
Pełny tekst źródłaZara, Lorena. "Développement de biocapteurs à base d'aptamères pour la détection de petites molécules Engineering Light-Up Aptamers for the Detection of RNA Hairpins through Kissing Interaction Anti-Pesticide DNA Aptamers Fail to Recognize their Targets with Asserted Micromolar Dissociation Constants A malachite green light-up aptasensor 1 for the detection of 2 theophylline". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV033.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, there is an urgency to detect small molecules (molecular weight < 1000 g/mol) such as pesticides, toxins, antibiotics or drug residues to protect both human and environment health. It is very important to create a cost effective and simple to use sensor system able to rapidly quantify small molecules, with high efficiency of measurements. In this context, aptamers that are RNA or DNA oligonucleotides displaying high affinity and specificity for their cognate target can be used as molecular recognition element in biosensors. These biosensors called aptasensors can provide a valid and interesting alternative to conventional methods.The aim of this thesis consists in engineering new specific aptasensors based on the coupling of two strategies: light-up and kissing-complex. Firstly, we designed a fluorescent aptamer-based sensing specific of two microRNA precursors: let-7b and miR206. In a second time, based on this construct, we create a label free fluorescent double-switch aptasensor to detect theophylline. Finally, in the third work, two aptamer-based fluorescence anisotropy approaches, using the displacement concept, are investigated to detect pesticides including isocarbophos and phorate
Béguin, Sylvie. "Développement d'une méthode d'optimisation des conditions de détection GC/EI/MS/MS à l'aide d'un piège ionique quadripolaire : application au dosage multi-résidus de pesticides". Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0016.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarquette, Christophe A. "Immunobiocapteurs à transduction électrochimique et-ou optique pour la détection de toxines planctoniques et de pesticides". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10278.
Pełny tekst źródłaWan, Kai. "Etude de différentes méthodes de biofonctionnalisation pour la réalisation de biocapteurs. Application à la détection de pesticides". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1819_kwan.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Alami Amal. "Mise en oeuvre de biocapteurs en vue de la détection de pesticides dans l'eau par diffusion Raman exaltée". Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSurface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was used to develop a biosensor for the detection of pesticides through the monitoring of the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE). Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as an active SERS substrate. The enhanced Raman signal of the analyte is optimized by testing several types of nanoparticles. Raman SERS allowed the direct detection of Paraoxon (PO) and carbaryl (CA) pesticides and the possibility of follow-up of the activity of the ACHE. In the absence of inhibitors, the acetylcholine (ATC) is transformed into acetic acid and choline by the enzyme ACHE. The measurement of ACHE activity is performed through the monitoring of ATC concentrations because its transformation is inhibited in the presence of pesticides. Results showed a linear correlation between the concentration of pesticides and the SERS signal of the untransformed ATC. The method was optimized for the quantification of paraoxon and carbaryl with a limit of quantification much lower than the one obtained with a direct detection. Their identification was also possible using chemometrics. This biosensors, based on the ACHE activities, was applied to the evaluation of emergent pollutants: additives of commercial polymers. Our results suggested that most of the tested polymers contained molecules that act as inhibitors of the ACHE. Finally, we propose another very simple approach to measure the ACHE activity using dynamic light scattering measurements. We found that the physicochemical parameters (aggregation) of AuNPs were strongly influenced by the enzymatic activity of ACHE when in contact with specified molecules, allowing to detect the presence of PO
Stepurska, Kateryna. "Développement d'une procédure originale pour la multi-détection de composés toxiques utilisant des biocapteurs à base d'acétylcholinestérase". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1067/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaInvestigations reported in this manuscript are focused on the development of an original approach for the detection of several toxic compounds, mainly aflatoxins and organophosphorus pesticides, using acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-based inhibitory electrochemical biosensors. In a first step, a new potentiometric biosensor using pH Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (pH-FETs) as transducers was investigated for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) determination and different elaboration and working parameters were optimized. The proposed biosensor was characterized by high operational stability and reproducibility of the signal during the work as well as during the storage. The biosensor was further evaluated for real samples analysis (wheat, sesame, walnuts and peas) and a mathematical simulation of the potentiometric biosensor response to aflatoxin B1 was proposed for the first time and validated. In a second step, a conductometric biosensor using interdigitated gold microelectrodes was developed. The sensitivity of the biosensor to aflatoxins and other classes of toxic substances, such as organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metals ions, glycoalkaloids, and surfactants, was determined. A new and original procedure, enabling the selective determination of multiclass toxins by applying successive reactivation solutions targeting either irreversible or reversible inhibitors, was finally proposed. Using this method, the electrochemical enzyme inhibitory biosensors could be applied to the analysis of aflatoxins and organophosphorus pesticides, as well as for the determination of total toxicity of the samples
El, Yamani Hayat. "Mesure de la toxicité de polluants par biocapteur. Réalisation d'une électrode à butyrylcholinestérase. Automatisation de la détection de pesticides". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066089.
Pełny tekst źródłaNetchiporouk, Larissa. "Optimisation de microbiocapteurs à base de dispositifs semiconducteurs et de fibre de carbone : Application à la détection de pesticides : Application à la détection du glucose in-vivo chez le rat". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaMai, Anh Tuan. "Développement des biocapteurs électrochimiques à base de tyrosinase pour la détection des polluants organiques en phase aqueuse". Lyon 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/73/40/PDF/tel-00007508.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRemy, Charlotte. "Synthèse et étude de récepteurs moléculaires fluorescents pour la détection de molécules neutres". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN070/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe detection of molecules toxic for man and his environment is one of the major concerns of our society. Melamine and the pesticide residues such as atrazine are some of these dangerous molecules. These two molecules are usually measured with time-consuming and costly techniques like mass-spectrometry, chromatography or electrochemistry. In the same way, the detection of biogenic amines is of the greatest importance. They are produced by some bacteria during the decarboxylation of amino acids in the cells. So their detection allows to assess the microbiologic contamination and the potential degradation of a food. Today they are measured by chromatography in the liquid or gas phase, capillary electrochromatography and UV-visible spectroscopy. Some examples of detection by fluorescence have been described in scientific literature, but it is really necessary to develop some new efficient fluorescent receptors.Fluorescence is a technique which offers many advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity and a low cost. A lot of fluorescent probes able to detect heavy metals have been developed in PPSM laboratory. However the detection of neutral molecules by fluorescence represents an additional challenge as the interaction is weaker than with charged species.The first step of this thesis was to design and synthesize a set of fluorescent molecular probes designed to detect atrazine, the products of its degradation and melamine derivatives as well as biogenic amines. Some fluorophores based on maleimide, naphtalimide and barbituric acid moieties have been developed for the detection of the triazines derivatives by exploiting their three hydrogen bonds for molecular recognition. In order to detect the presence of biogenic amines, a fluorescent calix[6]arene which lead to a fluorescent change upon encapsulation in the calixarene cavity has been designed.The second step consisted in studying the photophysical properties of these probes. Naphth-AlcyneOMe probe which has a high quantum yield turned out to be highly solvatochromic. Moreover it is sensitive to the deprotonation of its imide function. NMR studies and molecular modeling were conducted in order to deepen the characteristics of the probes and better understand their reactivity. NMR spectroscopy confirmed the interaction through hydrogen bonding between maleimide and naphtalimide probes and the atrazine molecule.It highlighted the encapsulation of heptylamine in the calix[6]arene. Molecular modeling enabled us to better understand the photophysics of Naphth-TriazoleOMe probe.Finally the capacity of probes to detect the various analytes by fluorescence was assessed in our last part. TPA-BARB probe presented a high exaltation of fluorescence in presence of melamine derivatives whereas the calix[6]arène-quinoleine Calix-Quino is able to detect aliphatic amines by fluorescence
Cotton, Jérôme. "Application de l'analyse métabolomique à la détection ciblée et globale de contaminants organiques dans des matrices agroalimentaires et environnementales par spectrométrie de masse à ultra-haute résolution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066094.
Pełny tekst źródłaPollution of agrifood and environmental water by pesticides and drugs is a real public health concern. There are many quantitative methods developed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for their detection, but drug residues and abiotic or biological degradation of pollutants are generally not considered and are limited to a predetermined and restricted list of molecules.In this context, we have developed an analytical method based on metabolomic analyses by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Two matrices (honey and groundwater) were investigated as proof of concept studies. We showed that LC-HRMS associated to data mining tools enables (i) targeted analyses of pollutants, (ii) detection of untargeted and unknown xenobiotics, and (iii) detection of metabolites useful for the characterization of matrices. Then, a large targeted and semi-quantitative approach has been developed and validated for the detection of pesticides, drugs and metabolites in water samples by using on line SPE and UHPLC-ESI-HRMS. This method allowed the detection of 539 organic contaminants at the MLR of 0.1 µg/L in 36 minutes with only 5 milliliter of water. A study of 26 tap water samples from the Paris region showed the presence of 37 pollutants including 6 drugs
Cotton, Jérôme. "Application de l'analyse métabolomique à la détection ciblée et globale de contaminants organiques dans des matrices agroalimentaires et environnementales par spectrométrie de masse à ultra-haute résolution". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066094/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPollution of agrifood and environmental water by pesticides and drugs is a real public health concern. There are many quantitative methods developed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for their detection, but drug residues and abiotic or biological degradation of pollutants are generally not considered and are limited to a predetermined and restricted list of molecules.In this context, we have developed an analytical method based on metabolomic analyses by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Two matrices (honey and groundwater) were investigated as proof of concept studies. We showed that LC-HRMS associated to data mining tools enables (i) targeted analyses of pollutants, (ii) detection of untargeted and unknown xenobiotics, and (iii) detection of metabolites useful for the characterization of matrices. Then, a large targeted and semi-quantitative approach has been developed and validated for the detection of pesticides, drugs and metabolites in water samples by using on line SPE and UHPLC-ESI-HRMS. This method allowed the detection of 539 organic contaminants at the MLR of 0.1 µg/L in 36 minutes with only 5 milliliter of water. A study of 26 tap water samples from the Paris region showed the presence of 37 pollutants including 6 drugs
Kouzayha, Abir. "Développement des méthodes analytiques pour la détection et la quantification de traces des HAP et de pesticides dans l'eau : application à l'étude de la qualité des eaux libanaises". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14414/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWater pollution presents a very critical problem facing industrial and developping countries. The environmental monitoring of the contaminants seems necessary to understand their sources and impacts. Among a wide variety of organic pollutants present in water,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides are of particular importance as widespread, persistent, and toxic contaminants. They are usually present at trace levels in theacquatic surfaces; therefore their detection and control require selective and sensitiveanalytical procedures. The Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) followed by the Gas-Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) are the most commonly usedtechniques for their analysis in water. Thesis objectives are focused on the development of new analytical methods for the extraction and analysis of these two families of pollutants present in water. To overcone the contraints of the traditional SPE, a new approach was developed consisting on the introduction of the centrifugation in several steps of the procedure. The new method showed practical environmental and economical advantages interms of sample preparation time, simplicity, reduction in solvent use, and cost and isparticularly suitable for routine applications requiring a high sample throughput. Aprogrammed temeperature vaporizing (PTV) injection method was also optimized and validated in order to improve the detection limits for the GC-MS analysis of PAHs. The evaluation of the quality of different water systems in Lebanon including rainwater,groundwater, drinking water and surface water was accomplished in this study
Kouzayha, Abir. "Développement des méthodes analytiques pour la détection et la quantification de traces des HAP et de pesticides dans l'eau. Application à l'évaluation de la qualité des eaux libanaises". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786974.
Pełny tekst źródłaKarpe, Patrick. "Contribution à l'amélioration des limites de détection des micro-polluants présents dans les eaux par utilisation d'une colonne pulsée d'extraction liquide-liquide : application aux dosages chromatographiques des pesticides organo-chlorés". Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20247.
Pełny tekst źródłaFlinois, Christophe. "Miniaturisation du couplage en ligne de l'extraction sur phase solide à la microchromatographie en phase liquide associée à la détection par spectrométrie de masse : applications à l'analyse de traces de métabolites polaires de pesticides et de toxines algales". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066260.
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