Rozprawy doktorskie: „Destination”

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Blain, Carmen Rae. "Destination branding in destination marketing organizations". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65064.pdf.

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Khalifa, Akram Esa Omar. "Destination Libya : developing Libya as an internationally competitive tourism destination". Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/922.

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Libya is an emerging tourism destination in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Early efforts to encourage tourism in the 1990s were re-energised after the lifting of UN sanctions in 2003 following dramatic changes in Libya’s foreign policy. Despite a healthy economy, high rates of unemployment (30%) combine with a dominant source of income - oil - which contributes 95% of GDP. Thus Libya is considering tourism for economic diversification. This thesis explores the challenges that face Libya in this endeavour and develops a best practice model (SCDM2) to help Libya achieve its ambitions as an internationally-competitive tourism destination. Data collection from key stakeholders in the Libyan tourism product (government officials, tour operators, hotel managers, tourists and local communities) involved five qualitative methods (focus group interviews, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, audio-visual materials and participant observation). Libya is a unique destination with: long untouched coastal beaches; stunning and wellpreserved Roman and Greek antiquities; amazing desert adventure opportunities; prehistoric civilisations; generous and hospitable people. Despite being very safe, Libya has an image problem in the UK: desert; hot; a culture similar to other Arab countries; controlled by Qudaffi who promotes anti western policies. The tourism industry faces enormous challenges, mostly related to the absence of a clear strategy for tourism development: destination accessibility; poor protection for tourism attractions/antiquities; weak human resource development, environmental and quality service issues. The demand side of SCDM2 focuses on destination image. The supply side addresses destination elements: destination accessibility; destination planning and management; supporting resources; local communities; comparative advantage; the significance of global environment. The thesis concludes that despite good comparative advantage there are major challenges to delivering appropriately-priced, high-quality products enabling Libya to compete with other MENA destinations and makes a number of recommendations to Libya’s decision-makers to address the key challenges.

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Al-Busaidi, Azza. "Destination Brand Meaning in the Context of a Nation Brand". Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389744.

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Nation brands are a formidable yet lucrative source of destination brands. Destinations differentiate themselves through unique attributes that people hold in memory. These mental representations move beyond cognitive attributes and include experiential and emotional based attributes. This research develops a destination brand meaning model incorporating people's perceptions, feelings and beliefs about the brand. Brand meaning is fluid and dynamic, and is associated with the mental representation people have about the brand. A classic brand association approach employed which revealed the prominent associations related to a destination brand. Early research focused on cognitive associations to a place, and only recently, the literature has considered the significance of experiential and affective or emotional attributes of destination brands. Since brand meaning is about the mental representation that people have in mind about a brand, this research explores and measures the cognitive, experiential and emotional associations of locals and non-locals and their intentions to recommend and to re-visit the destination. Three research questions were examined in two stages, including, RQ1) What are the cognitive, experiential and emotional attributes of a destination brand? RQ2) What is the relationship between cognitive, experiential and emotional attributes and how this in turn affects locals’ and non-locals’ intentions to recommend the destination? RQ3) What is the relationship between cognitive, experiential and emotional attributes and how this in turn affects non-locals’ intentions to re-visit the destination?. This research adapted a two-stage research employing qualitative methods in stage one and quantitative methods in stage two of the research in the context of Oman as a Middle Eastern nation. This research identified four key themes for the cognitive-based images, including political stability and peacefulness, people, nature, and heritage and traditions. Also, nature-based images and heritage-based images were prominent themes of peoples’ experiences, and love, loyalty and pride were found to be of significance to peoples’ emotions towards the nation brand. The central finding of this research is based on the development of two structural models, portraying destination brand meaning. The structural models exhibit the prominent relationships between cognitive, experiential and emotional attributes and their relationship towards locals and non-locals’ intentions to recommend, and non-locals’ intentions to re-visit the destination. Structural Model-1 supported the following paths political stability to emotions; experiences to intentions to recommend; food, tourism infrastructure and sustainability (FTIS) towards both experiences and intentions to recommend; tangible cultural heritage and traditions (TCTR) to peoples’ experiences, experiences towards emotions and finally peoples’ emotions towards peoples’ intentions to recommend for locals and non-locals. While, Structural Model-2 supported the following relationships people, nature, political stability towards peoples’ experiences, emotions and intention to re-visit. Other attributes that have a significant effect on peoples’ experiences include Food, tourism infrastructure and sustainability; and tangible cultural heritage and traditions. Interestingly experiential attributes were found to have the most significant effect on peoples’ emotions. Finally, emotional attributes have shown a significant effect on intentions to re-visit. The findings of the study make a novel theoretical contribution to destination and nation branding literature. Firstly, a core contribution of this research is a holistic study that combines cognitive, experiential and emotional attributes towards understanding destination branding and brands in the context of a nation. Secondly, this research study compared the differences between locals and non-locals' perspectives of the destination brand in relation to the cognitive, experiential and emotional attributes, especially in the case of a Middle Eastern nation. Theoretically, this research contributes an enhanced understanding of the critical role cognitive, experiential and emotional attributes play in developing destination brand image and influencing behavioural intentions. Practically, this research can guide brand managers to employ effective strategies by delivering greater insight into how brand attributes influence destination loyalty through the behavioural intentions of repeat visitation and word of mouth referral. Future research should focus on exploring the intricate connection between experiences and emotions and how this is associated with destination branding.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Hunt, William Norman. "Destination marketing: George". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5604.

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A destination is often given its identity by its brand name, creating an image thereof in the customers’ minds which means that destinations exist not only physically but also mentally in the minds of people. Destination marketers play a role in the creation of the images of such destinations which is dependent on what the destination offers in its depth and breadth. Destination Marketing Organisations (DMOs) should be able to not only understand their destination’s offerings but also who they are targeting and how they should market the destination. DMOs have evolved to become more than mere destination information providers as considerable destination information is now created by fellow travellers which are shared via social networks. The most important change resulting from adopting the concept of social capital in the context of tourism would be that tourism scholars and DMOs become aware of the importance of resources obtained through an individual’s social interactions. Despite the fact that the town of George has a number of attributes it is able to market to potential visitors, it does however not automatically make it a desired destination. The main objective of this treatise is to determine what would give George its marketable destination identity which will be achieved by gaining an understanding of the local residents’ viewpoints of George and to measure them according to specific attributes which are carefully formulated in a survey questionnaire. This treatise aims to determine what George can do to create a destination identity and how such an identity can be applied in the successful marketing of George as a destination town. It is an exploratory quantitative study consisting of literature and case study components used to test proposed hypotheses. It aims to provide guidance to the destination marketers by way of researched literature on the topic of destination marketing as well as offer empirical data gathered from responses to a survey conducted with local residents of George which is focused on creating a destination identity through its business, cultural and sporting events. Based on the statistical analysis of the survey results it will be shown that a relationship exists between Destination Marketing and Events, Branding and Media,which plays a pivotal role in the successful marketing of such events and thereby the brand image of the destination. Based on the literature findings and the empirical data gained for this treatise it was shown that events can be used to create a new brand image for a town like George which already possesses a natural beauty and friendly people. Examples will be discussed where destinations throughout the world have managed to change their brand without changing their environment, from which they have gained a new destination brand. George can strategically convert what it already has to become the destination of choice in terms of intra-town activities and events which could not only enhance its own economy but also that of the surrounding towns. The geographic location of George and that of the Surrounding tourist attractive towns make it possible to design and implement intra-town events with relative ease. As found in researched literature, the residents should be made part of any destination marketing campaign. These events should be designed to incorporate the surrounding towns to capitalise on the concept of intra-town events where George becomes the main centre but uses outlying towns to lure tourist. Respondents to the survey indicate that they somewhat agree that George has sufficient infrastructure to host sports (μ = 3.77), cultural (μ = 3.61) and business events (μ = 3.88) and that hosting such events in George would create job opportunities. The responses for all three event types in this regard have a mean value above μ = 4. Respondents indicated that religious events are deemed the most important (mean value μ = 4.25) while also indicating that they agreed with a mean value of μ = 4.18 that entrance fees influence their decision to attend events. The empirical research conducted in George was designed to gain a representative viewpoint of its residents in terms of what they deem the identity of George to be, the main objective (ROM) of which was to determine what would give George its destination identity. The composite image of the residents of George was measured according to specific attributes which were carefully formulated in the survey.

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Tremorin, Yannick. "L'immobilisation par destination". Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT3006.

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L'immobilisation par destination (articles 522 à 525 du Code civil) juxtapose deux conceptions de l'accessoire : une conception jus-naturaliste, l'attache à perpétuelle demeure, et une conception fonctionnelle, qui unit au fonds immobilier les moyens mobiliers de son exploitation, seraient-ils aisément déplaçables. L'histoire positive de la catégorie depuis deux siècles est dominée par cette dualité. Malgré leurs efforts pour borner l'immobilisation des moyens de production, les auteurs classiques n'ont pu empêcher qu'elle embrasse de plus en plus largement les meubles employés sur un fonds, le seul butoir restant la condition de propriété posée par le code, ainsi que le caractère corporel des accessoires. End evenant plus compréhensif le procédé s'esr fait cependant plus discutable : utile, quelquefois, l'immobilisation par destiantion a blessé des intérêts importants, y compris celui du propriétaire. Beaucoup se sont alors avisés qu'il n'y avit nul besoin, pour unir meubles et immeubles, de passer par une fiction d'immobilisation lourde et inégalitaire. Mais d'autres sont convaincus qu'il suffit d'assouplir encore les cadres de la catégorie pour lui redonner toute sa raison d'être dans l'entreprise moderne. . .

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Hornby, Glen. "Influence of Inter-Organisational Relationships on Tourism Operator Participation in Destination Marketing Systems". Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368087.

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Destination marketing systems are a prevalent technology in the tourism industry. A particular feature of destination marketing systems is that they rely on tourism operators’ participation so that comprehensive product information can be delivered to potential tourists. A review of literature revealed that stakeholder cooperation has been a major issue in many destination marketing systems, and a lack of tourism operators’ participation in them has inhibited destination marketing system success. Research that has addressed this issue has suggested technology adoption issues have inhibited tourism operators’ participation. Some research has identified that inter-organisational relationships may be influencing tourism operators’ participation, however there has been little research addressing this topic...
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management
Griffith Business School
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Lindgren, Natalie. "USER GENERATED CONTENT IN THE DESTINATION IMAGE PRESENTATION : THE DESTINATION VIENNA". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86151.

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UGC has become an important part of traveling both for the companies and for the travellers themselves. The topic is currently at its forefront of research, which makes the area of study even more relevant. Followed by the development of social media in the corporate world and especially its major part in the everyday life of Generation Y. The competition has become tougher among the destinations since social media, a positive online image has, therefore, become essential on these platforms due to the new ways of obtaining information in a previsiting setting. Instagram is an attractive platform for generation Y and the main channel for tourist to publish their visual word-of-mouth experience after a travel. The concept has its own name called, UGC which together with the consumers perceptions of it has been studied in this thesis. The purpose of the study was to see a comparison between the differences of perceived -usefulness, - credibility and -authenticity based on DMOC and UGC. Moreover, how the participants respond concerning the intention to visit Vienna based on an illustrated destination image of UGC or DMOC. The conceptual S-O-R-model was implemented to illustrate how the input of destination image, became a process of perceptions and outcome of intentions belongs together like a common thread. A quantitative study approach was applied with the strategy of Experimental vignette methodology (EVM), to formulate and illustrated the experiment also, to obtain empirical data which later was analyzed and defined the result. Additionally, the study found that there is no significant difference between USG and DMOC in perceived -usefulness, -credibility, and visiting intention. However, findings of perceived authenticity of the destination image demonstrated that UGC communicates a more positive destination image compared to the DMOC regarding perceived authenticity. Moreover, the practical contributions of this study suggest in accordance with previous studies DMO to cooperate with the users and in that way combine UGC with DMOC in the destination presentation.

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Razavi, Dezfouly Sara, i Anahi Molina. "Val av destination och reklam : En studie om faktorer som påverkar val av destinationen". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5285.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the various influences and advertising in particular affecting travelers' choice of destination. Data collection was conducted through quantitative method in the form of a survey to identify how travelers choose a destination, and to what extent they are influenced by advertising. Interviewees were travelers who were in Stockholm's central station would be passed on to Arlanda. The results from this study indicate that underlying factors such as economy, security, seasonal and service in place. The results also show that advertising is an important factor in selecting the destination. The results were analyzed based on different theories of marketing mix and other related theories about advertising. By this study has identified the important factors are the economy; security is the main influence factors. Survey shows that advertising has the fourth place among other factors.

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Brown, Desmond Omotayo. "The effects of channel power, destination attractiveness and destination political risk events on U.S. tourism channel firms' performance : the case of tourism destinations in Africa /". Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-155602/.

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Clemes, Frida. "Destination vid kris : En studie om hur reseaktörer lyfter fram destinationer vid kris". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75700.

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Det som märks är att kriser sker hela tiden, där gäller för reseaktörerna att vara förberedda. Krishantering är någonting som de flesta reseaktörer har men när det kommer till marknadsföringen av en destination vid kris ligger de lågt. Däremot marknadsför de destinationer i olika kanaler vanligtvis.
What you can notice is that crisis occur all the time, here it is important that tour operators is prepared. Crisis management is something that most of them have however marketing a destination in crisis they do not make any fuss. By contrast they marketing destinations in different distributaries channels.

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Gie, Jannie Adriaan. "Destination management: critical success factors for Knysna as an international tourism destination". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1433.

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Tourism, as an industry, has a great impact on society and the environment. It adds to economic growth; and therefore, many governments try to enhance tourism because they realise the potential economic returns. Within each country, there are towns or cities that have great tourism potential. In South Africa, Knysna is a good example of a small town with great tourism potential. This study examines the critical success factors of tourism destination marketing for the town of Knysna. Most South Africans see Knysna as an ideal holiday destination, as it has the infrastructure and offerings to make tourists' holidays unforgettable. However, unfortunately, in recent times bad publicity has caused Knysna's image to be damaged. To improve the town's image and to add to its economic growth, tourism bodies and the community have had to work together to ensure that Knysna sustains its position in the national and international tourism markets. The best way to achieve this is through effective destination management and destination marketing. The aim of this study is to determine how effective destination management and destination marketing can lead to competitive growth and to enhancing a destination's position in the tourism industry, and also to providing a set of practical guidelines for the successful implementation of the destination marketing of the town of Knysna. A literature study was conducted to find out what the theory reveals about destination management and marketing. This was followed by an empirical survey; and this survey was conducted in Knysna in the Western Cape. The results of the survey were compared with the literature and tourism operators and managers can now use these as a point of departure to fill any gaps, thus leading to the optimal positioning of Knysna on the international tourism map.

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Sangsue, Pisuda. "Destination brand confusion : an empirical examination of Thailand's destination image and branding". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596087.

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Fierce competition in the travel and tourism industry forces destinations to develop strong, unique and competitive destination image and branding. These play a vital role in a tourist's decision processes because it is impracticable to try the destination before a real visit. Moreover, the plethora of available information sources created by the existence of multiple communications channels, in combination with the employment of different interpretive strategies by tourists, creates the potential for brand confusion and highlights the potential importance of this issue for examination. The concept of brand confusion has been applied in some recent studies in marketing, but has not been investigated in the tourism context. This research therefore investigates brand confusion, drawn by potential tourists in early consideration stage of a travel destination choice represented by destination image and branding. The chosen context is Thailand, as the country appears to be a very suitable destination choice, due to its offering a broad variety of interests to visitors, from cultural and historical to fun and entertainment venues, while it has repeatedly attracted media attention in numerous areas, such as political riots and sex trafficking. An in-depth interview based on the photo elicitation approach has been employed in this study as it gave an opportunity to capture the occurrence of brand confusion, which is complex and involved with emotional state. Findings of the in-depth interview indicated two main types of brand confusion in tourists' destination: similarity and ambiguity brand confusion. In addition, their related-outcomes are also discussed. The different themes emerging during the analysis also revealed the antecedent of brand confusion, including pre-visitors' image and their information sources in framing destination image, positive and negative destination brand experiences. The thesis also contributes to the understanding of brand confusion of potential tourists at the early consideration stage of their decision-making. Theories and managerial implications are provided in the thesis. The originality of this study lies in providing insights into the relatively recently introduced concept of brand confusion, while it also explores the implications for designing effective marketing communications for tourist destinations.

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Cox, Natasha Hannah. "Destination Brand Governance: An Exploration of Destination Management Organisations’ and Operators’ Perspectives". Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366090.

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This thesis explores Destination Management Organisations’ (DMOs) and operators’ role in destination branding. The thesis draws upon a resource-based view to explore how the combination of a destination’s key resources and capabilities (i.e. destination brand) create valuable destination experiences that are aligned to consumer needs and wants. In doing so, through a multi-stakeholder exploration of branding practices, this thesis builds on existing destination branding literature. As the broker of the destination’s resources, the DMO must balance the relationships with operators to establish a consistent destination experience through brand governance. Yet, destination brand governance is complex due to the heterogeneity of the organisations involved developing and delivering the brand. As such, balancing the relationships within the destination to establish brand buy-in is a challenge for DMOs. This thesis defines brand buy-in as the operators’ willingness to engage positively with the destination brand. The process requires the operators and DMOs to contribute resources together to achieve a consistent brand experience. Failure to do so weakens brand experience and negatively influences consumer loyalty. It is therefore vital that DMOs understand the dominant logic influencing operators’ destination branding goals to stimulate brand buy-in. The absence of empirical research exploring destination brands from an operator perspective and, in particular, ways to promote their buy-in prompt the need for this research. In doing so, ways for DMOs to balance operator relationships through governance mechanisms are revealed
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Mansour, F. "Destination branding analytical study applied to Sultanate of Oman as a tourism destination". Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/49238/.

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The aim of this study is to develop a model for tourism destination branding using Oman as a case study by examining the Omani context and its characteristics from the perspective of both potential tourists (the demand side) and the Omani tourism providers (the supply side) while taking into consideration the impact of cross-cultural communication. Although several studies have recognised the importance of both sides of the market for effective destination branding, there is still a gap in knowledge in terms of providing a holistic model which could satisfy the brand expectations of destination personnel and tourists. A mixed methods approach was applied to analysing the destination brand components of the Sultanate of Oman. The study adopted a quantitative questionnaire as a tool to identify the perceptions and attitudes of potential international tourists towards Oman. This was done because a large number of responses from potential tourists was required in order to identify differences in perceptions of potential tourists towards Oman's destination image. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect supply-side data, to explore the attributes involved in the projected image of Oman in developing its brand. In this way, government officials (managers and senior staff), tour operators and tourist guides were consulted. The findings of these people show a positive relationship between word of mouth and brand image. Word of mouth and other sources such as social media represent the most significant information sources used by actual visitors. Education level influences the demand-side responses, particularly among those who have visited before. However, Oman also has a significant positive image in terms of safety and atmosphere, which should be incorporated into the brand. The Oman logo was also an issue because it has little meaning for non-Arab tourists; therefore, a clear understanding of the logo is a very important aspect of branding. The findings also showed that limited strategy, cooperation and coordination among Omani planners and marketers have had an impact on branding and gaps between the supply and demand sides were identified as a result of limited promotion of the country's brand identity. The model presented as a result of this study includes both supply- and demand-sides. The supply-side includes coordination and cooperation between supply-side members; it also defines the brand identity attributes offered by providers and highlights the importance of understanding other aspects of destination branding such as brand naming, memorable logo elements and structure design, and highlighted the importance of brand position. On the other hand, the demand side includes brand image and awareness. It considers variable influences on the image brand such as tourists' level of satisfaction, experience, word of mouth, and education. The study highlights the importance of communication marketing and identifies concerns such as customer feedback and noise; noise is distributed everywhere in the model, because it occurs in the brand message. The model will help Omani tourism marketers to develop their brand and understand the process of developing destination branding. Also, it can be applied to other destinations which need to develop their own tourism brand.

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Borg, Emelie, i Bråthe Evelina Pettersson. "Att bygga en destinations varumärke : en studie om hur Destination Marketing Organizations använder sociala medier". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14573.

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Aldrig tidigare har det varit så viktigt för destinationer att på ett strategiskt och effektivt sättanvända sig av sociala medier. Den digitala förändringen har gjort det möjligt för ett varumärkes följare på sociala medier att uttrycka, utbyta och dela tankar samt åsikter om varumärket med andra. Detta sätt att utbyta information kallas Electronic Word of Mouth(eWOM). Ett gap i den befintliga litteraturen är forskning som förklarar hur de sociala medierna och eWOM används strategiskt vid varumärkesbyggande av destinationer. Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur Destination Marketing Organizations i Sverige använder sociala medier samt eWOM som ett verktyg för att bygga destinationens varumärke. Studien är gjord med en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och empiri har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokument som datakälla från DMO:erna Visit Sweden samt Visit Varberg. Studiens slutsats är att båda DMO:erna arbetar med flera olika sociala medier i syfte att skapa kunskap om, inspirera och engagera sina målgrupper för att bygga sina varumärken. De båda anser att arbete med oberoende ambassadörer är ett genuint sätt att bygga destinationens varumärke samt sprida det på sociala medier. Det som skiljer dem åt vad gällerarbetet med sociala medier är att det enbart är Visit Sweden som utvecklat en digital strategiför att på så vis strategiskt kunna bygga sitt varumärke med hjälp av den. Uppsatsen är skriven på svenska.
Never before has it been as important for destinations to use social media in a strategic andefficient manner. The digital change has made it possible for brands’ social media followersto express, exchange and share their opinions about the brand to others. This way ofexchanging information is called Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM).A gap in the existing literature is research that explains how social media and eWOM arestrategically used in brand building of destinations. The purpose of the study is to describehow Destination Marketing Organizations (DMO´s) in Sweden use social media and eWOMas a tool for building the destination brand. The study has a qualitative research strategy andthe data has been collected from semi-structured interviews and documents from the DMO´sVisit Sweden and Visit Varberg. The conclusion of the study is that both of the DMO´s utilizeseveral different types of social media in order to obtain knowledge about, inspire and engagetheir target groups and build their brands. Both of the DMO´s believe that working withindependent ambassadors is a genuine way to build the brand of the destination and spread thebrand message through eWOM through social media. What separates them from each other istheir strategic work regarding social media. This, since Visit Sweden has developed a digitalstrategy to build the brand of Sweden using social media. The study is made in swedish.

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Ottersten, Elin, i Linnéa Filipsson. "En destinations attraktivitet - en annan destinations inspirationskälla : En intervjustudie om hur framgångsfaktorer inom marknadsföring kan överföras från en destination till en annan". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68943.

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I dagens samhälle är det svårt att sticka ut och vara unik. Städer, regioner och nationer konkurrerar alla om turism och för att lyckas att vara konkurrenskraftig måste en gemensam bild lyftas fram. När detta görs uppfattas destinationen som attraktiv men det finns också fler sätt att skapa en attraktiv destination på. Ett exempel är ”best practice” som är en metod där framgångsfaktorer inom marknadsföring överförs från en destination till en annan. Studiens syfte är att undersöka till vilken grad det faktiskt är möjligt att överföra framgångsfaktorer inom marknadsföring mellan destinationer. För att undersöka detta har Visit Värmland jämförts med Smålands Turism, turismavdelningen på Karlstad kommun jämförts med Destination Jönköping och Karlstad Airport har jämförts med Jönköping Airport, detta görs i empirikapitlet. Uppsatsen grundar sig på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med informanter från de tidigare nämnda organisationerna. I analyskapitlet ställs det empiriska materialet mot det teoretiska ramverket vilket behandlar ämnen som destination, resurser, platsmarknadsföring, ”best practice” och flygplatsernas betydelse för turism. I de slutliga delarna av studien besvaras syftet och frågeställningarna samt förslag på vidare forskning inom ämnet ges. Resultatet av studien är att framgångsfaktorer av en destinations marknadsföring går att överföra till viss del. Exempel som ges till Visit Värmland och Karlstad kommun är att arbeta mer med resurserna som finns på plats, samarbeta mer samt involvera det lokala samhället i marknadsföringen. Detta tyder på att studien fyller den kunskapslucka som finns angående om best practice går att använda som metod för att öka en destinations attraktionskraft. Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur en destination kan inspireras av en annan destination för att lyckas bättre med sin marknadsföring.
In today's society it's hard to stand out and be unique. Cities, regions and nations compete for tourism and in order to be competitive, a common picture needs to be emphasized. If this is perceived the destination will appear attractive, there are more ways to create an attractive destination though. One example is “best practice”, which is a method of transferring success factors from one destination to another. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate whether it is possible to transfer success factors between destinations. To investigate this, Visit Värmland has been compared with Smålands Turism, the tourism department at Karlstad municipality has been compared to Destination Jönköping and Karlstad Airport has been compared to Jönköping Airport, this is done in the empirical chapter. The essay is therefore based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with informants from the previously mentioned organizations. In the analytical chapter, empirical material is placed against the theoretical framework, which addresses topics such as destination, resources, location marketing, best practice and the importance of airports for tourism. The final parts of the study answer the purpose and the questions as well as suggestions for further research that can be done on the subject. The result of the study is that the success factors of destinations marketing can be transferred to some extent. Examples given to Visit Värmland and Karlstad Municipality are to work more with the resources available, collaborate more, and involve the local community in marketing. This indicates that the study fills the knowledge gap that exists about whether best practice can be used as a method of increasing the attractiveness of a destination. The study contributes knowledge of how a destination can be inspired by another destination to succeed better with its marketing.

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Ramachandran, Sridar. "Exploring destination imagery : a holistic assessment on Malaysian destination image from a British perspective". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21539.

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The aim of this thesis is to understand the meaning and measurement of destination imagery from a holistic angle. Three objectives outlined to achieve this aim includes: 1) to explore the meaning and measurement of tourism destination image, 2) to formulate a holistic approach to study tourism destination image and 3) to asses Malaysian destination image from a British perspective. Based upon feasibility, the British market was chosen to be the case study. However, the complexity of destination imagery derived from literature review requiring inter-dimensional relationship to address destination imagery in a holistic manner, needed further probing of methodological aspects both at philosophical and technical levels as a requisite prior to embarking on the empirical study. The findings in the form of 9 propositions of the initial exploratory study coupled with the inter-dimensional conceptual framework resulted in providing the operational framework of systems thinking as the catalyst for the execution purpose of this study. However, the mismatch of the underpinning set of beliefs to put the operational framework into execution was addressed through philosophical debates that resulted in the formation of 'Synergistic Holism' as a way of research giving priority to the search of truth over rules. Drawing from this philosophical understanding, the inter-dimensional aspects of imagery were made possible to be tested empirically. The roles of tourist, travel advisers, industry players and media materials were assessed using descriptive statistics, in-depth interviews and semiotic analyses respectively. The findings include favourable, unfavourable and ambivalent images of Malaysia from a British perspective. Consequently, 6Is best practices namely Involvement, Innovation, Infusion, Interpretation, Intimacy and Ingenuity are formulated for future policy implications. The knowledge contributions from both theoretical and practical angles are discussed. The finale presents a self-reflection of the journey in completing this thesis and hindsight on future research direction.

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Anton, Aldevinge. "Market your destination : An investigation of how destination marketing organizations can reach generation Y". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53442.

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Background: The tourism industry and especially those that market destinations, destination marketing organizations (DMOs), face challenges to meet generation Y, with an uncertainty of how to do it. DMOs need to be adaptable to an everyday changing market in order to attract visitors to their destinations. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how destination marketing organizations can market their destinations to reach domestic tourists within the population of generation Y. Method: A literature review was made in order to explore previous research regarding DMOs’ marketing strategies and tourists’ information search behavior. The literature review has been used in order to make hypotheses and a research model which lay the foundation for the design of a survey to test the hypotheses. An interview guide, based on the literature review, was made to address potential tourists and get deepen understanding of the field. Contrast and compare have been made between potential tourists’ opinions and the theoretical part, in order to draw conclusions on the subject. Results and conclusions: Results of this study have shown that for the chosen population, generation Y, are search engines and DMOs’ websites seen as the best way to reach tourists. DMOs have high possibilities to be seen on the web (their website and social media sites) if they actively use search engine optimization. Social media sites are also important, but in a different way, and DMOs need to work harder and cleverer on these sites to market their destinations.

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Joger, Sebastian, Valdrin Lajqi i Medin Sumic. "Utmaningar & möjligheter för snabbväxande turistdestinationer : Fältstudie av Sälen". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100558.

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What makes a small village grow fast to a large city in just a few decades? Could it be some sort of new industry that makes those villages proliferate? Maybe a natural resource has been found in the local area that creates a lot of job opportunities in a short span of time? Sometimes it is that people and entrepreneurs see the potential of the area to create a tourism industry in that place. The area might have the right conditions for maybe historical or nature sights - ski slopes, mountain hiking, fishing or other outdoor activities. The opportunities might be many, and just in a few years this location becomes the most popular tourist destination in the country. Business is flourishing, but what are the consequences when a place rapidly grows from being a small village to a big tourist destination? There are of course opportunities, but also a lot of challenges. This paper will examine what precisely those opportunities or challenges may be for a rapid growing tourist destination. To observe this phenomenon, this study has been conducted in Sälen in Sweden, the biggest skiing resort in all of Scandinavia. Sälen is a seasonal tourist destination, which gives this study a broader perspective on the topic of rapid growing destinations. The seasonal aspect has its own challenges and opportunities. To get a better understanding of this phenomenon, several big actors from Sälen have been interviewed. The empirical statements from these respondents will explain how the destination operates and what difficulties they see with Sälen and rapid growing destinations. This will then be mirrored and compared towards the collected theoretical studies. What do these previous studies that directly or indirectly say about this phenomenon? In conclusion, we have found that seasonal and rapid growing tourist destinations make balancing infrastructures, finding and hiring labor, maintaining a good image, meeting the demand with a range of activities and sustaining the environment a challenge. We have also found that if the different actors collectively work together towards a common goal, handling the change of rapid growing destinations becomes a lot easier. Working together with each other and the public sector gives opportunity for both social, economic and environmental sustainability.

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Schlepphorst, Susanne [Verfasser]. "Destination: self-employment / Susanne Schlepphorst". Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105037703/34.

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Prangli, Tõnis. "Destination Development on Prangli Island". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73611.

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Bettinger, Nicole. "Europe's inspired journey : destination Delaware?" Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83947.

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Under the Treaty Establishing the European Community, corporations are entitled to free establishment. Recently, the European Court of Justice's Inspire Art decision has clarified its scope and has in principle introduced place of incorporation doctrine as choice-of-law rule, thus granting corporations free choice of the Member State of incorporation. In the US, free choice has caused the "Delaware Effect". This paper analyzes if Inspire Art will cause a similar development in the EU. The EU and US contexts will be compared. Germany will serve as an example. As different circumstances exist in the EU, free choice is more limited and fraught with uncertainties. The thesis of this paper is that regulatory competition in the EU is unlikely and not desirable because of cultural differences. Therefore, minimum harmonization is preferable.

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Lövqvist, Lovina, i Sandra Strömmen. "Destination Långflon : -den oupptäckta turistdestinationen". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37815.

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Turistdestinationen Långflon ligger i Torsby kommun och består i dag av fyra invånare och ett köpcenter men har potential för att utvecklas till en turistdestination där de norska turisterna inte bara tar del av köpcentret utan av hela turistdestinationen och alla dess aktiviteter och serviceerbjudanden. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur turistdestination Långflon skulle kunna utveckla sin marknadsföring på Internet för att kunna utvecklas till en attraktiv turistdestination. Samt att undersöka hur andra svenska kommuner vid den norska gränsen arbetar med sin marknadsföring mot de norska turisterna. För att besvara syfte och frågeställningar har vi använt oss av en teoretisk undersökning gällande bland annat turism, gränshandel och marknadsföring på Internet. Detta har fungerat som ett underlag för vår kvalitativa studie där vi hat ställt frågor kring turistdestination Långflons och Torsby kommuns samt andra norgegränsande kommuners marknadsföring på Internet riktat mot norska turister. Studien har resulterat i kunskap om hur andra kommuner arbetar med marknadsföring på Internet vilket är någonting turistdestinationen Långflon kan använda i uppbyggandet av en egen hemsida. Studien har även visat att turistdestinationen Långflon främst ska framhäva bra priser och erbjudanden samt unicitet på sin blivande hemsida, dessa faktorer är vad som attraherar de norska turisterna mest. Marknadsföring över Internet har visat sig vara både primärt och effektivt då det snabbt sprider information som är lätt för turister att ta del av oberoende av dess geografiska position.

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Beauchamp, Annie. "La destination de l'immeuble loué". Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR1005.

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La destination est une notion clé du régime et de l 'économie de l'immeuble loué. C'est autour de cette notion que s'articulent le droit de propriété et les finalités sociales et économiques de l'immeuble loué. Malgré sa définition abstraite, la notion de destination est caractérisée par un manque d'unité de son sens et de ses qualifications. Elle est un instrument souple mis au service du droit. Cette spécificité l'a amené à jouer un rôle croissant dans l'immeuble loué. Mais la détermination politique de la destination rend le régime de l'immeuble loué complexe et excessivement rigide. Conçue d'abord comme une norme régulatrice des droits concurrents, la destination est devenue l'instrument de réalisation des fins sociales et économiques de l'immeuble. Il se dégage ainsi un principe de respect de la destination de l'immeuble loué commun à toutes les branches du droit. Néanmoins, ce principe ne peut faire obstacle à toute évolution de l'utilisation de l'immeuble. Le changement d'activité est devenu nécessaire pour la survie de l'entreprise du preneur. L'adaptation de l'usage est aussi utile au propriétaire lorsqu'elle évite l'obsolescence de l'immeuble. Les pouvoirs publics eux-mêmes ont pris conscience du besoin de souplesse de la destination. Dès lors, le principe directeur de respect de la destination est tempéré par un principe subordonné de liberté des changements d'activité. Ce compromis ne parvient pas à résoudre toutes les difficultés, une mutation reste à opérer. Pour une meilleure cohérence du droit, il faudrait substituer à l'approche sectorielle des finalités de l'immeuble une approche globale et synthétique. La réduction du champ d'intervention de la destination est annoncée.

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Boffa, Romain. "La destination de la chose". Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10013.

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L'objectif de la thèse est d'élaborer une théorie générale de la notion de destination à partir de ses nombreuses applications en droit positif. Celle-ci peut être définie comme la norme d'usage assignée à la chose par un acte juridique. Elle exprime en effet un devoir-être : l'usage de la chose est déterminé à l'aune de cette norme préalablement fixée. Sa dimension normative fait naître une étroite relation entre sa structure et sa fonction. Expression d'un devoir-être, la destination ne peut être le fruit de la seule volonté individuelle, mais procède d'une interaction entre subjectivisme et objectivisme. La structure de la destination lui permet de jouer une fonction dualiste en droit positif. La notion participe tout d'abord à l'articulation des droits subjectifs sur la chose et contribue ensuite à l'application du droit objectif à la chose.

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Tomko, Martin. "Destination descriptions in urban environments /". Connect to thesis, 2007. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003594.

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Erickson, Thomas John. "Destination: Heaven A Short Film". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192334.

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Åsberg, Benjamin. "Det goda värdskapet : -Destination Östersund-". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomi, geografi, juridik och turism, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36471.

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Tang, Tricia. "A comparative analysis of college student spring break destinations an empirical study of tourism destination attributes". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/626.

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The tourism industry has become one of the fastest growing sectors in the world's economy, contributing 9.1% of world GDP and more than 260 million jobs worldwide (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2011). The U.S college student market has emerged as major segment within this sector, generating approximately $15 billion on annual domestic and international travel. Among the various travel patterns of college students, they are most highly motivated for spring break travel, with more than two million students traveling per season (Bai et al., 2004; Borgerding, 2001; Reynolds, 2004). This research, through surveying college students majoring in hospitality and tourism management, analyzed the significance of college student perceptions of key spring break destination attributes. A total of 281 usable responses were subjected to the Principal Component Analysis that generated six dimensions: Breaking Away, Sun and Beach, Safety and Hygiene, Psychological Distance, Price and Value, and Social Exploration, comprised of 24 key attributes that influence a college spring breaker's destination selection decision. An Importance-Performance Analysis (Martilla & James, 1977) was conducted based on the respondents' assessment of attributes on five of the six dimensions. The results of the IPA allowed comparison of the top four most visited destinations identified by the respondents: Daytona Beach, South Beach Miami, Panama City Beach, and Clearwater Beach/Tampa. The study findings may provide valuable implications for destination service providers to improve their destination's appeal in this highly competitive and lucrative market. Future research on college spring break groups located in different geographic locations within the country is highly encouraged to better understand the general characteristics of this market.
B.S.
Bachelors
Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Hospitality Management

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Genc, Rabia, i Kathrina Lopez. "Walking area with something for everyone : En studiekring besökarnas syn på Södra Djurgården". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19844.

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This essay will examine the visitors' view of destination South Djurgården and the impact that tourism provides in them. South Djurgården belongs to Stockholm where the boundary between the southern and northern Djurgården is Djurgårdsbrunnsviken and Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen. The reason we chose South Djurgården is because the biggest and famous attractions of Stockholm are there. In this essay we have used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. We conducted the survey through questionnaires and deep interviews. Moreover, we have applied the previous research and theories of the concept of destination, destination development and tourism impacts. The results of the survey showed that visitors want it to be cheaper on attractions, logistics facilities and guided tours. Visitors want also that the attractions should be renewed and adapted to all audiences. And that cooperation between actors in South Djurgården should be improved in order to have a successful destination development.
Den här uppsatsen kommer att undersöka besökarnassyn på destinationen Södra Djurgården och vilka konsekvenser som turismen åstadkommer enligt dem. Södra Djurgården tillhör Stockholm där gränsen mellan södra och norra Djurgården är Djurgårdsbrunnsviken och kanalen. Anledningen till att vi valde just Södra Djurgården beror på att de flesta stora och kändaattraktioner av Stockholm befinner sig där. I denna uppsats har vi använt oss av en kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. Vi genomförde undersökningen genom enkäter och djupintervjuer. Dessutom har vi tillämpat tidigare forskningoch teorier om destinationsbegreppet, destinationsutveckling och turismenseffekter. Resultatet av undersökningen visade att besökarna vill att det ska vara billigare på attraktionerna, logistikanläggningarna och guidningarna. Besökarna vill även att attraktionerna bör förnyas och anpassas till alla målgrupper. Samt att ett samarbete mellan aktörerna på Södra Djurgården börförbättras för att få en lyckad destinationsutveckling.

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Bekkhus, Trine, i Beatrice Granström. "Den attraktiva destinationen : En destinationsutvecklingsmodell utifrån ett upplevelseproduktionsperspektiv för destinationer som vill uppnå attraktivitet". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-362.

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Denna uppsats sammankopplar upplevelseproduktion och destinationsutveckling i syfte att ta fram en modell till destinationer som vill uppnå attraktivitet. Studien har skrivits i samband med vår examination på Institutionen för Konst, Kommunikation och Lärande vid Luleå tekniska universitet. Genom en induktiv ansats har en litteraturstudie och kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts i syfte att samla in teorier från tidigare forskning och information från turistbranschen för att sedan skapa vår egen teoretiska modell. Genom analys av den empiriska datan fann vi tolv stycken tydliga kärnvärden som därmed utgjorde vår modell. Dessa kärnvärden är Mål & Vision, Hållbarhet, Kvalité, Värdskap, Strategi, Innovation, Målgrupp, Varumärke, Tema & Upplevelser med 4E-modellen, samt Infrastruktur. I våra konklusioner presenteras vår modell med målet en attraktiv destination. Modellen är ej beprövad och vi ser därför att den implementeras i vidare forskning för att testa den i praktiken. Vi ser också att modellen på olika sätt kan utvecklas.

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Liu, Chang, i Haoyuan Ning. "Destination image in Bejing, China : Exploring the differences in destination branding towards international and domestic tourists". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-16161.

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QUAN, GUI. "DESTINATION IMAGE, RISK PERCEPTION AND THE UNITED STATES AS AN EDUCATIONAL DESTINATION FOR CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1384884511.

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Cavalheiro, Mariana Brandão. "Understanding smart tourism destination: evidence from a smart city project implementation in an international tourism destination". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19309.

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O rápido aumento da população urbana apresenta novos desafios para a administração de cidades em todo o mundo. No entanto, com a adoção generalizada de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), um número crescente de iniciativas estão sendo implementadas para aliviar essa tensão ao tentar transformar os centros urbanos em cidades inteligentes. Paralelamente ao conceito de cidades inteligentes, uma variação específica deste conceito emergiu no setor de turismo, cunhado na ideia de destinos turísticos inteligentes (DTI). Com base na experiência de Armação dos Búzios (RJ, Brasil), esta pesquisa explora algumas questões cruciais ao processo de transformação de um destino turístico em inteligente. De fato, os principais destinos turísticos estão implementando cada vez mais as TIC para enriquecer as experiências dos turistas e, como resultado, melhorar a competitividade do destino. Apesar do crescente número de iniciativas de DTI em diferentes países, a literatura existente permanece incipiente sobre esse fenômeno crescente. Assim, o primeiro artigo desta tese propõe um modelo teórico – o Smart Destinantion Development Model - visando indicar um caminho estratégico que um destino turístico deveria seguir para se tornar inteligente. Ao discutir a ideia de DTI, argumentamos que, além de aumentar a competitividade do destino, um projeto de DTI deve basear-se em um paradigma sustentável para criar valor público para a comunidade local. O segundo trabalho, desenvolvido sob a perspectiva da teoria Ator-Rede, está focado em investigar o processo de implementação do projeto de cidade inteligente de Armação dos Búzios, denominado Cidade Inteligente Búzios (CIB). Além disso, essa pesquisa também tentou entender o papel do contexto na implementação de um projeto de cidade inteligente. Nossas descobertas revelam que o projeto da cidade inteligente estudado foi principalmente motivado pela regulação pública e decisões, que caracterizamos como de cima para baixo, praticadas através das interações de seus participantes Após reconhecer o papel dos atores envolvidos no projeto CIB, bem como suas motivações, o terceiro artigo analisou o mesmo projeto usando o modelo SDDM. Desta forma, o artigo III visa investigar se, no processo de implementação do projeto da cidade inteligente, Armação dos Búzios também buscou se tornar um DTI. Nossos resultados mostraram que, apesar das oportunidades que surgiram com a infraestrutura tecnológica trazida pelo projeto da cidade inteligente, o setor de turismo de Armação dos Búzios não conseguiu se tornar mais eficiente. Assim, o último artigo provou que as TIC não irão atuar por si só para melhorar a experiência dos turistas. Na verdade, há uma cadeia de valor turístico muito complexa que precisa ser organizada e envolvida com uma visão estratégica comum, antes que a tecnologia se torne útil para aumentar a competitividade do destino turístico.
The rapid increase in urban population poses significant challenges to the administration of cities throughout the world. However, with the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT), a growing number of initiatives are being implemented to alleviate such strain by attempting to transform urban centers into Smart Cities. Parallel to the concept of Smart City, a specific variation of this concept is emerging in the Tourism sector, which regards the idea of Smart Tourism Destinations (STD). Drawing upon Armação dos Búzios (RJ, Brazil) experience, this research explores some key issues to be addressed in the process of transforming a tourism destination into a smart one. In fact, mainstream tourism destinations are increasingly implementing ICTs to enrich tourists' experiences and, as a result, improve the competitiveness of the tourism destination. Despite the growing number of STD initiatives in different countries, the extant literature remains silent on this growing phenomenon. As such, the first article of this thesis proposes a theoretical model – The Smart Destination Development Model – aimed at indicating a strategic path that a tourism destination should follow to become a smart one. By discussing the idea of STD, we argue that besides enhancing the destination competitiveness, an STD project should be grounded on a sustainable paradigm in order to create public value for the hosting community. The second paper, developed under the Actor-Network theory perspective, is focused on investigating the implementation process of the smart city project that took place in Armação dos Búzios, named Cidade Inteligente Búzios (CIB). Additionally, this research also attempted to understand the role of context in the implementation of a smart city project. Our findings reveal that the smart city project studied was primarily motivated by public regulation and mainstream decisions we characterized as top-down decisions implemented through interactions of project participants. After acknowledging the role of actors involved the CIB project, as well as their motivations, the third article has studied the same project using the SDDM. In this way, article III aims at investigating if in the process of implementing the smart city project, Armação dos Búzios also sought to become a STD. Our results have shown that, despite the opportunities that emerged with the technological infrastructure brought by the smart city project, the tourism sector of Armação dos Búzios was not able to become more efficient. Thus, the last paper has proven that ICT will not act by itself in improving the tourists’ experience. In fact, there is a very complex touristic value chain that needs to be organized, and be engaged with a common strategic vision, before technology becomes useful to increase the tourism destination competitiveness.

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Sonnleitner, Katharina. "Destination image and its effects on marketing and branding a tourist destination : A case study about the Austrian National Tourist Office - with a focus on the market Sweden". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9271.

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In a tourism context, the image potential customers have of a destination is a very important issue. Images play an essential role in destination choice matters and in this regard, as tourism services are intangible, images are said to become even more important than reality. The concepts of destination image and destination marketing and branding are closely interrelated. The ultimate goal of any destination is to influence possible tourists’ travel-related decision making and choice through marketing activities. Although it is not possible to influence all aspects of image formation, tourism marketers try to strategically establish, reinforce and, if necessary, change the image of their destination by communicating a strong destination brand. Hence, image studies are considered to be a vital part of marketing and branding strategies. However, not everyone has the same image of a destination, as image perception changes according to different influences, such as personal, cultural and psychological ones. The purpose of this thesis was primarily to give an overview of destination image theory and its interrelationships to destination marketing and branding. In this respect, the study aimed at finding out in how far a DMO can achieve to develop a marketing strategy that is consistent and somewhat standardised, and yet adapted to the individual market and culture in which it is operated. Furthermore, the study wanted to investigate whether marketing approaches should be changed for people with different images of a country as a destination, or if alternatively a “one-size-fits-all” approach should be employed. In addition to a literature review, a case study made it possible to show how a real organisation handles those questions. The case of the Austrian National Tourist Office ANTO provides a good example of an internationally operating destination marketing organisation that uses market research, and among others also image studies, to adapt its marketing mix and branding approach to the individual markets’ characteristics and the image held of the destination Austria. By means of applying the qualitative method of personal in-depth interviews and thorough analysis, interesting data concerning the topic of destination image and marketing could be collected and compared to the findings from literature. Results indicate that destination image studies are the foundation of successful marketing strategies and that in times of ever-increasing competitiveness, image is one of the few points of differentiation from other tourist destinations. It is necessary to be aware of the fact that customers’ cultural differences have an influence on how different they perceive images. Therefore, DMOs should have a powerful overall strategy which globally leads into one pre-defined direction, but then locally adapt this common strategy to regionally differing cultural specifics. Even though destination brands should be strong and consistent, it is not advisable to communicate the exact same image to all customers.

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Yau, Victor. "WDM network design and destination conflicts". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8387.

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The parallel use of multiple channels in a WDM star network means that too many packets may simultaneously arrive for the same destination station, necessitating the implementation of a destination-conflict-resolution function somewhere within the network. This thesis considers explicitly, the placement of the destination-conflict-resolution function which specifies the location(s) where it should be performed, and when it should be performed. Traditional placements in which the function is located at all user stations and performed either before packet transmission (using the request-schedule-then-transmit principle) or after a destination conflict has been detected (using the detect-and-retransmit-if-lost principle), is compared with a central placement in which only one central station located at the entrance to the star coupler is responsible for detecting conflicts and re-scheduling the arrival times of “otherwise lost” packets whilst they are en route to their destinations, so that they arrive when their destinations free to receive them. The networks are evaluated considering their delay and throughput characteristics, the computational complexity of their protocols, and their hardware demands. All numerical results were produced using AKAROA an object-oriented parallel simulation package developed by us for automated precision control of steady-state estimates and automated parallel execution of quantitative simulations. The results presented suggests that significant performance improvements are achievable with the central placement since destination conflicts are resolved without having to retransmit packets nor waiting until the end of a request-broadcast-and-schedule phase before a given packet can be transmitted. The central station works with Space Division Multiplexed signals, just before they enter the star coupler. Its implementation is therefore simpler than when all stations are charged with this task, each of which has to attend to multiple WDM channels. Only “otherwise lost” packets are buffered so the network has low buffer memory requirements.

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Dixit, Vinayak. "HURRICANE EVACUATION: ORIGIN, ROUTE AND DESTINATION". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3224.

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Recent natural disasters have highlighted the need to evacuate people as quickly as possible. During hurricane Rita in 2005, people were stuck in queue buildups and large scale congestions, due to improper use of capacity, planning and inadequate response to vehicle breakdown, flooding and accidents. Every minute is precious in situation of such disaster scenarios. Understanding evacuation demand loading is an essential part of any evacuation planning. One of the factors often understood to effect evacuation, but not modeled has been the effect of a previous hurricane. This has also been termed as the 'Katrina Effect', where, due to the devastation caused by hurricane Katrina, large number of people decided to evacuate during Hurricane Rita, which hit Texas three weeks after Katrina hit Louisiana. An important aspect influencing the rate of evacuation loading is Evacuation Preparation Time also referred to as 'Mobilization time' in literature. A methodology to model the effect of a recent past hurricane on the mobilization times for evacuees in an evacuation has been presented utilizing simultaneous estimation techniques. The errors for the two simultaneously estimated models were significantly correlated, confirming the idea that a previous hurricane does significantly affect evacuation during a subsequent hurricane. The results show that the home ownership, number of individuals in the household, income levels, and level/risk of surge were significant in the model explaining the mobilization times for the households. Pet ownership and number of kids in the households, known to increase the mobilization times during isolated hurricanes, were not found to be significant in the model. Evacuation operations are marred by unexpected blockages, breakdown of vehicles and sudden flooding of transportation infrastructure. A fast and accurate simulation model to incorporate flexibility into the evacuation planning procedure is required to react to such situations. Presently evacuation guidelines are prepared by the local emergency management, by testing various scenarios utilizing micro-simulation, which is extremely time consuming and do not provide flexibility to evacuation plans. To gain computational speed there is a need to move away from the level of detail of a micro-simulation to more aggregated simulation models. The Cell Transmission Model which is a mesoscopic simulation model is considered, and compared with VISSIM a microscopic simulation model. It was observed that the Cell Transmission Model was significantly faster compared to VISSIM, and was found to be accurate. The Cell Transmission model has a nice linear structure, which is utilized to construct Linear Programming Problems to determine optimal strategies. Optimization models were developed to determine strategies for optimal scheduling of evacuation orders and optimal crossover locations for contraflow operations on freeways. A new strategy termed as 'Dynamic Crossovers Strategy' is proposed to alleviate congestion due to lane blockages (due to vehicle breakdowns, incidents etc.). This research finds that the strategy of implementing dynamic crossovers in the event of lane blockages does improve evacuation operations. The optimization model provides a framework within which optimal strategies are determined quickly, without the need to test multiple scenarios using simulation. Destination networks are the cause of the main bottlenecks for evacuation routes, such aspects of transportation networks are rarely studied as part of evacuation operations. This research studies destination networks from a macroscopic perspective. Various relationships between network level macroscopic variables (Average Flow, Average Density and Average speed) over the network were studied. Utilizing these relationships, a "Network Breathing Strategy" was proposed to improve dissipation of evacuating traffic into the destination networks. The network breathing strategy is a cyclic process of allowing vehicles to enter the network till the network reaches congestion, which is followed by closure of their entry into the network until the network reaches an acceptable state. After which entrance into the network is allowed again. The intuitive motivation behind this methodology is to ensure that the network does not remain in congested conditions. The term 'Network Breathing' was coined due to the analogy seen between this strategy to the process of breathing, where vehicles are inhaled by the network (vehicles allowed in) and dissipated by the network (vehicles are not allowed in). It is shown that the network breathing improves the dissipation of vehicle into the destination network. Evacuation operations can be divided into three main levels: at the origin (region at risk), routes and destination. This research encompasses all the three aspects and proposes a framework to assess the whole system in its entirety. At the Origin the demand dictates when to schedule evacuation orders, it also dictates the capacity required on different routes. These breakthroughs will provide a framework for a real time Decision Support System which will help emergency management official make decisions faster and on the fly.
Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering PhD

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Winell, Jenny, i Richard Romanov. "Att varumärka en destination : Fallet Vaxholm". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31050.

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The increase in tourism for as well Sweden and Stockholm’s archipelago leads to a heightened competition between the different destinations in the archipelago. There’s also an increase in branding cities and places around the word as well as creating an identity for tourist to recognize themselves in a destination. The creation of a place brand and identity may be one of the most important factors for destinations competitiveness. This study examines how Vaxholm tries to create an identity to influence the destinations current image. The aim of the study is to examine how a destination brands itself to mediate an unified image. The aim is answered by three different question formulations, which contains how Vaxholm brands itself by the cooperation between different stakeholders and how this cooperation is working. The data has been gathered by seven different interviews in a qualitative fashion with members from the organisation “Destination Vaxholm”. The respondents where both members in the destination as well some of them hade a more leading role. The empirical evidence has later been analysed through previous theories written in the field, which makes the study deductive. The results show that Vaxholm is branding their destination through the organisation “Destination Vaxholm”. Through this forum the different stakeholders are allowed to develop and reinforce events and activities, which currently exist on the destination. The members have a will to create an identity and image, which tells a visitor that, its possible to travel to the destination all year around, not just during the summer. The organisation is newly created which makes the cooperation between stakeholders new and the trust between them hasn’t been questioned yet. The result also shows that the organisation is democratic and the will to cooperate between the different members is vital.
Turismen till Sverige och Stockholms skärgård ökar vilket leder till en ökad konkurrens när de olika destinationerna inom Stockholms skärgård vill locka turister. Det har även blivit en ökning i att skapa varumärken för städer och platser runt om i världen samt att skapa en identitet för turister att känna igen sig i. Att en plats skapar ett starkt varumärke och identitet kan vara den viktigaste konkurrerande faktorn för destinationen. Denna studie undersöker Vaxholm och hur destinationen bygger upp sitt varumärke genom olika aktörer. Studien innefattar även hur Vaxholm försöker att skapa en identitet för att påverka imagen destinationen har i dagsläget. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en destination bygger upp ett varumärke för att på så vis förmedla en gemensam image. Studiens syfte har besvarats genom tre olika frågeställningar vilka innefattar hur Vaxholm bygger upp sitt varumärke genom samarbetet mellan olika aktörer på destinationen samt hur detta samarbete ter sig. Studiens empiri har samlats in på ett kvalitativt sätt genom sju stycken semi-strukturerade intervjuer med medlemmar från organisationen “Destination Vaxholm”. Respondenterna var såväl inom styrgruppen som vanliga medlemmar inom organisationen. Empirin har sedan analyserats mot tidigare skrivna teorier inom forskningsämnet vilket gör studien deduktiv. Resultatet visar att Vaxholm bygger upp sitt varumärke genom den ekonomiska föreningen “Destination Vaxholm”. Här samlas det aktörer från olika sektorer för att utveckla och förstärka evenemang samt aktiviteter som finns på Vaxholm. Destination Vaxholms medlemmar vill skapa en identitet och image över destinationen att det är en året om destination istället för en ”sommardestination”, vilket präglar destinationen i dagsläget. Organisationen är nyskapad vilket gör att samarbetet mellan de olika aktörerna är nytt vilket resulterar i att tilliten mellan aktörerna inte har behövts ifrågasättas än. Resultaten visar även på att det är en demokratisk organisation vilket endast fungerar om medlemmarna har en vilja att samarbeta med varandra.

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Ridel, Serge. "Essai sur la destination du droit". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100017.

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L'esprit de justice implique de faire ce qu'on doit, en donnant a chacun ce a quoi il a droit. Il y a primaute du juste dans le droit et par le droit. Mais c'est aussi pratiquer l'equitable en tant que correctif de la justice legale. La relation justice-droit est fondamentale, car la justice est la finalite du droit. L'idee, "suum quique tribuere" reliee a ce que perelman appelle la justice formelle, que signifie l'exigence de justice ?. . . Cette justice dite encore abstraite se definit comme un principe d'action, selon lequel les etres d'une meme categorie essentielle doivent etre traites de la meme facon. Si le pouvoir refuse d'appliquer une regle posee par lui, la justice formelle impose au souverain le principe : "pacta sunt servanda". L'avantage concede se mesure a l'aune de la regle "prorata temporis", perseverence de la regle que l'on ne peut changer sans reste du jour au lendemain. La justice concrete decouvre le caractere mutant des normes pour connaitre ce que du. Des lors, la raison ne peut predire le resultat de leur contenu ; alveoles vides, leur remplissement reclame un choix ethique. C'est la regle "procedurale" qui verifie que la norme est acceptable parce que juste. Verifier ce que du, c'est constater l'existence de difficultes. Quelle est la nature du merite ? rawls a tente de formuler une conception de la justice detachee de cette idee. Depuis la reforme protestante dans les societes liberales, il n'existe plus de conception du bien pour rallier la totalite de la population. Il propose un systeme politique liberal, qu'il appelle : "overlapping consensus",compromis tres particulier, satisfaction artificielle d'un calcul strategique, chacun de penser : "je l'accepte parce qu'il m'arrange". Les principes de justice sont decouverts hors des conceptions particulieres du bien. Solution elitiste critiquee par habermas qui fait confiance a la confrontation la plus large des conceptions du bien, ce que rawls ecarte. La vieille loi morale n'a pas change, impregnee d'ideal, elle corrige les inegalites entre les hommes.

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Dixit, Vinayak V. "Hurricane evacuation origin, route and destination /". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002051.

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Cooper, Villagran Mary-Ann. "Green Destination Image: Construction, Projection, Perceptions". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366261.

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This thesis reports on a program of research that investigates the meaning of green destination image (GDI). Extending traditional destination image theory, this research develops and explores a new integrated model of GDI. The new GDI model contains three phases of analysis, perspective and understanding: construction of tourism offerings by stakeholders; projection of tourism experiences through marketing channels, and perception by tourists of the destinations. It contains three psychological components, namely: cognitive (information), affective (emotions) and conative (intentions). It contains three information sources, namely induced, autonomous and organic. It also recognises that perception may be influenced by individual tourist personality factors not considered here. Using a case study approach, the GDI model is tested in the Patagonian region of Chile, which is perceived in the tourism industry as a remote, lifetime-list destination with nature and scenery as primary attractions. Five individual case study sites are compared: Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve; Lake Llanquihue Basin and surroundings; Chiloe Island; the Carretera Austral; and Torres del Paine National Park. Within each case study site, multiple sources of empirical observations were collected including in- depth interviews, site observations and content analysis of marketing materials. This multi site, multi method approach facilitated a deep investigation of how and why individual stakeholders’ perceptions and experiences contribute to the GDI model.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Branisso, Diana Pereira. "Destination branding: análise do destino Bahia". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2353.

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O tema do estudo é Destination Branding (DB), o processo de construção e desenvolvimento de marcas de destinos. O referencial teórico sobre o tema, bem como o estudo do branding da Nova Zelândia, estabeleceram as bases para a construção de um quadro de referência de DB, que foi estruturado em três macro etapas: ajuste do contexto, componentes de DB (aplicação de conceitos: imagem e identidade) e operacionalização (gestão, comunicação e avaliação). À luz desse quadro de referência, foi analisada a experiência de DB do Estado da Bahia - um estudo de caso único, de caráter exploratório, com base em dados qualitativos. A experiência da Bahia corroborou à pouca efetividade, apontada na teoria, de obter controle gerencial e continuidade das ações por meio de controle direto. Evidenciou-se também que a ausência de um diagnóstico completo - com análise dos clientes e da concorrência e auto-análise - prejudica a elaboração da identidade de marca para o destino. Por fim, o caso mostrou a necessidade de profissionalização da gestão para implementação das estratégias traçadas para o destino.
The research topic is Destination Branding (DB), the process of construction and development of destination brands. The theory about the research topic, as well as the study of branding in New Zealand, have established the foundation for the construction of a framework of DB, which has been structured in three macro steps: context adjustment, components of DB (concept application: image and identity) and operationalization (management, communication and evaluation). The DB case of Bahia has been analyzed under this framework – a single exploratory case study, based on qualitative data. The experience carried out in Bahia has endorsed the poor effectiveness, as seen in theory, to obtain management control and continuity by means of direct control. It has also become evident that the absence of a complete diagnostic – including an analysis of the clients and that of the competitor and a self-analysis – harms the elaboration of the identity of the destination branding. Finally, the case has shown the need for professional management to guarantee implementation of the strategies for the destination.

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Alahakoon, Thilini Hiranya. "A model of transformative destination image". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235928/1/Thilini_Hiranya_Alahakoon_Thesis%281%29.pdf.

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Travel’s power to transform individuals originates from both destinations and experiences, and yet, destinations remain unexamined within transformative tourism research. Using destination image as its theoretical scope, this thesis proposes the idea of ‘transformative destinations’ highlighting the importance of personal values and affect-based strategies to encourage positive behavioural intentions within this context. For this, a mixed methods approach was taken in which the first study used the Repertory Test with Laddering Analysis while the second study was a survey.

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Gustafsson, Angelica, Cornelia Frammin i Sofie Wangärd. "Massmedias påverkan på destiantionsimage : En studie om researrangörernas hanterande och agerande gällande destiantionsimage". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34049.

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Turistindustrin är en viktig industri ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv samtidigt som den är mycket sårbar för negativa händelser som sker runt om i världen. Då information och nyheter sprids snabbare än någonsin, på grund av den enkelhet som finns att ta till sig information, är det lätt att destinationers image påverkas av det som förmedlas via media. Föreliggande studie fokuserar därmed på att, ur ett producentperspektiv, försöka kartlägga på vilket sätt som destinationers image påverkas av negativ nyhetsrapportering. Detta görs genom att erhålla en förståelse kring vad det är som gör att en image förändras. Samtidigt ligger ett fokus på att försöka förstå om olika strategier tillämpas av researrangörer för att förändra destinationers image samt om de arbetar med att hantera medias påverkan på destinationers image. Det med ambitionen att erhålla en kunskap kring vad som kan göras för att minska att resmönster påverkas i lika stor utsträckning som det gör idag. För att göra detta fokuserar studien på följande forskningsfrågor:

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Tran, Thi Ngoc Lien [Verfasser]. "Destination Image, Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty : a Case Study of Hue, Vietnam / Lien Tran Thi Ngoc". Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1098173708/34.

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Al-Masroori, Rashid Salim, i n/a. "Destination Competitiveness: Interrelationships Between Destination Planning and Development Strategies and Stakeholders' Support in Enhancing Oman's Tourism Industry". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070712.142534.

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A critical understanding of stakeholders' involvement in destination tourism planning and development, and the factors that influence their perceptions, opinions and involvement in the decision-making process and evaluation of the destination competitive strategies, is not only important for tourism destination planners and managers, but also for the host community's support for tourism development and the destination's competitiveness. It has been widely recognised that tourism destinations need to plan their development strategies to succeed internationally and gain a sustainable competitive advantage. However, there is scant empirical evidence that addresses approaches in which stakeholder participation in the planning process contributes to destination competitiveness. This study examines the interrelationships between various destination-specific situational factors, including economic, social, political, environmental, and cultural factors, community participation, community attachment, and impact on the development of the Sultanate of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies. Furthermore, it investigates potential effects of those interrelationships on the government's initiatives in formulating and implementing tourism development, management and marketing policies/strategies. The key objective is to develop and empirically test a conceptual framework of tourism destination competitiveness that focuses on a stakeholder's perspective of Oman, and investigates the interrelationships between its constructs. Such an approach echoes the stakeholder perspective of 'Third Way' tourism planning suggested by Burns (2004). This study utilises social exchange and stakeholder theory. Accordingly, the research problem is: How does the interrelationship between destination-specific situational factors, stakeholders' perceived power (community participation), and community attachment, impact on the development of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies? Furthermore, what effects may those interrelationships have on the government's approaches in formulating and implementing tourism development and marketing policies? A four-step methodological approach including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Following research refinement and pilot studies, a total of 987 usable questionnaires were collected from Omani stakeholders using a convenience and quota sampling method. The final empirical results were submitted to three focus groups in Oman for elucidation and confirmation of results, with a particular focus on the practical implications. The hypotheses testing indicated that tourism stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions development are a function of socio-cultural impacts, economic impacts, and community participation. Furthermore, the results highlighted a strong link between stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions and support for competitive destination strategies such as destination marketing efforts and activities, and sustainable destination management and practices. Additionally, empirical results supported the existence of a relationship between community participation and community attachment constructs; however this relationship was somewhat negative. The study also did not prove the existence of any relationship between community attachment and preferences about tourism resources and attractions development constructs. Furthermore, new findings that were not hypothesised indicated that tourism stakeholders who perceived socio-cultural and economic impacts were most likely to support further tourism development and competitive destination strategies. Additionally, stakeholders' attachment to their communities had a weak but positive effect on their perception about tourism's environmental impacts and sustainable destination management and practices. The focus group participants mostly confirmed the study's empirical findings with a few diverging opinions regarding some issues such as environmental impacts and mass tourism versus alternative tourism policies. Thus, the study's findings provided various theoretical and methodological contributions, closing the gap in the notions of destination competitiveness and stakeholders' active participation in tourism planning and development. As well, the practical implications of the study's findings could be adopted by Oman's tourism planning authorities to enhance the destination's competitiveness in the international tourism marketplace. This study is considered a personal effort. Thus, I used the first person 'I' throughout the study to express and reflect my personal work. The use of 'I' in research is not an unacceptable notion, however, it is recommended that the researcher not take cover behind using 'we' or the 'researcher' in his/her work (Gummesson, 2000, p.xi).

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Al-Masroori, Rashid Salim. "Destination Competitiveness: Interrelationships Between Destination Planning and Development Strategies and Stakeholders' Support in Enhancing Oman's Tourism Industry". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365179.

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A critical understanding of stakeholders' involvement in destination tourism planning and development, and the factors that influence their perceptions, opinions and involvement in the decision-making process and evaluation of the destination competitive strategies, is not only important for tourism destination planners and managers, but also for the host community's support for tourism development and the destination's competitiveness. It has been widely recognised that tourism destinations need to plan their development strategies to succeed internationally and gain a sustainable competitive advantage. However, there is scant empirical evidence that addresses approaches in which stakeholder participation in the planning process contributes to destination competitiveness. This study examines the interrelationships between various destination-specific situational factors, including economic, social, political, environmental, and cultural factors, community participation, community attachment, and impact on the development of the Sultanate of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies. Furthermore, it investigates potential effects of those interrelationships on the government's initiatives in formulating and implementing tourism development, management and marketing policies/strategies. The key objective is to develop and empirically test a conceptual framework of tourism destination competitiveness that focuses on a stakeholder's perspective of Oman, and investigates the interrelationships between its constructs. Such an approach echoes the stakeholder perspective of 'Third Way' tourism planning suggested by Burns (2004). This study utilises social exchange and stakeholder theory. Accordingly, the research problem is: How does the interrelationship between destination-specific situational factors, stakeholders' perceived power (community participation), and community attachment, impact on the development of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies? Furthermore, what effects may those interrelationships have on the government's approaches in formulating and implementing tourism development and marketing policies? A four-step methodological approach including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Following research refinement and pilot studies, a total of 987 usable questionnaires were collected from Omani stakeholders using a convenience and quota sampling method. The final empirical results were submitted to three focus groups in Oman for elucidation and confirmation of results, with a particular focus on the practical implications. The hypotheses testing indicated that tourism stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions development are a function of socio-cultural impacts, economic impacts, and community participation. Furthermore, the results highlighted a strong link between stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions and support for competitive destination strategies such as destination marketing efforts and activities, and sustainable destination management and practices. Additionally, empirical results supported the existence of a relationship between community participation and community attachment constructs; however this relationship was somewhat negative. The study also did not prove the existence of any relationship between community attachment and preferences about tourism resources and attractions development constructs. Furthermore, new findings that were not hypothesised indicated that tourism stakeholders who perceived socio-cultural and economic impacts were most likely to support further tourism development and competitive destination strategies. Additionally, stakeholders' attachment to their communities had a weak but positive effect on their perception about tourism's environmental impacts and sustainable destination management and practices. The focus group participants mostly confirmed the study's empirical findings with a few diverging opinions regarding some issues such as environmental impacts and mass tourism versus alternative tourism policies. Thus, the study's findings provided various theoretical and methodological contributions, closing the gap in the notions of destination competitiveness and stakeholders' active participation in tourism planning and development. As well, the practical implications of the study's findings could be adopted by Oman's tourism planning authorities to enhance the destination's competitiveness in the international tourism marketplace. This study is considered a personal effort. Thus, I used the first person 'I' throughout the study to express and reflect my personal work. The use of 'I' in research is not an unacceptable notion, however, it is recommended that the researcher not take cover behind using 'we' or the 'researcher' in his/her work (Gummesson, 2000, p.xi).
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Bergström, Joakim, Maria Lehtinen i Mariel Svensson. "Successful Destination Branding? : A case study of DMOs in Brussels, Istanbul and Stuttgart". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56666.

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Tourism is an important source of economic growth for destinations, which is why the interest for destination branding has grown in recent years. Meanwhile, Destination Marketing Organisations (DMOs) often struggle to promote their destination successfully. For instance, many stakeholders influence the perception of a destination and therefore it is difficult to create a coherent image. Some destinations have a more successful destination branding, which not only depends on their marketing methods but also the pre-requisites of the city. Hence, destination branding is a complex process where there is no standard solution. Therefore, three different destinations are used as a basis for the thesis; Brussels, Istanbul and Stuttgart. What can be learned from the marketing methods in these destinations? The purpose of this thesis is to examine the current market position of Brussels, Istanbul and Stuttgart as tourist destinations and their marketing strategies and methods used to promote the destinations. We will identify general recommendations on how to improve the destination branding, and propose specific recommendations to selected DMOs in the destinations.

Through the use of specific descriptive criteria, such as unique selling points (USPs), image and marketing channels, as well as the conducting of interviews with employees in higher administrative positions within the selected DMOs, the thesis aims at providing the reader with a deeper knowledge in the field of destination branding. The Tourist Area Lifecycle Model was used to analyse the destinations to understand their situation today and future possibilities and challenges in marketing the cities as tourist destinations. Moreover, the concepts of comparative and competitive advantages and the integrative model by Ritchie and Croutch was used to discuss the competitiveness of the destinations. The research shows that DMOs face problems, such as the lack of a coherent image, common goals, the coordination of activities between DMOs in different levels and cooperation between different stakeholders. These are areas that need attention from the DMOs in order to achieve successful destination branding and are included in the conclusion, which helps DMOs to improve their marketing methods in order to achieve success in the promotion of their destination.

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Dietrich, Katrina. "How to implant an intended Destination Image into the tourists mind : The case of Östersund, Sweden". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13147.

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The purpose of this paper is to explain the way destination marketing works and whatneeds to be done to implant a destination image into the tourists mind. The marketingclaims that the occurrence of recognition and recall makes an image become activelyrecognized in the mind of customers. To visualize this case, the Swedish city Östersund, isexamined to show how the responsible tourist information office succeeded with theimplementation of their image into the tourists mind. To clarify this, a comparison is madefrom questionnaires hold in the summer and winter 2010 as well as an qualitative interviewwith the managing director of the tourist office in Östersund Camilla Olsson.

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Enhamn, Isac, i Markus Berg. "Destination HV71 : En kvalitativ studie i co-branding & place branding med Jönköpings kommun, Destination Jönköping och HV71". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-29477.

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För en stad är det viktigt att sticka ut, att göra sig hörd bland andra städer som konkurrerar om besöksnäring och nya invånare. Hur kan en medelstor stad sticka ut från mängden? Kanske genom att marknadsföra sig tillsammans med en idrottsförening. Studien undersöker hur en stad tillsammans med det lokala elitishockeylaget och destinationsbolaget arbetar för att skapa en positiv bild av staden. Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på hur städer arbetat med stora mästerskap, såsom Olympiska spelen och världsmästerskap. Ingen relevant forskning som vi har tagit del av har behandlat samarbetet mellan ett lokalt elitlag i ishockey, destinationsbolag samt kommun. De teorier som använts är place branding och co-branding. Dessa teorier består av flera aspekter som kan appliceras på en studie, place branding har ”the five Rs of place branding” och co-branding har ”5C co-branding strategy”. Den metod som använts är kvalitativa intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer var strukturerade med öppna frågor för att få så informationsrika svar som möjligt. Orsaken till att kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes var att få reda på om det fanns något samarbete mellan organisationerna. Resultatet visar att det inte finns något utbrett samarbete mellan dessa tre organisationer. Samtliga organisationer var positiva till ett framtida samarbete men i dagsläget finns inga planer från någon av organisationerna att inleda ett samarbete med någon av de andra.
It is important for a city to stand out, to make itself heard among other cities that are competing for the same tourism income

and new citizens. How can an medium-sized city stand out from the crowd? Perhaps by marketing itself together with a sports club. This study investigates how a city together with the local elite ice hockey team and the visitors bureau work to create a positive image of the city. Previous research has focused on how cities work with big events, such as the Olympic games and world championships. No relevant research that we have come across has looked at the cooperation between a local elite ice hockey team, the visitors bureau and the local government. The theories that have been used are place branding and co-branding. These theories are composed of multiple aspects that can be applied to a study, place branding has ”the five Rs of place branding” and co-branding has the ”5C co-branding strategy”. The method that has been used is qualitative interviews. The interviews that have been carried out were structured with open question to get as much information from the answers as possible. The reason that qualitative interviews were carried out was to find out if there was any cooperation between these organizations. The results show that there is no widespread cooperation between these organizations. All of the organizations were positive to the idea of future cooperation, but as of now there are no plans from any of the organizations to commence a cooperation initiative with any of the others.

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