Rozprawy doktorskie: „Design problem solutions”

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Alaqra, Ala Sarah. "The Wicked Problem of Privacy : Design Challenge for Crypto-based Solutions". Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67134.

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Data privacy has been growing in importance in recent years, especially with the continuous increase of online activity. Researchers study, design, and develop solutions aimed at enhancing users’ data privacy. The wicked problem of data privacy is a continuous challenge that defies straightforward solutions. Since there are many factors involved in data privacy, such as technological, legal, and human aspects, we can only aim at mitigating rather than solving this wicked problem. Our aim was to focus on human aspects for designing usable crypto-based privacy-enhancing solutions. In this thesis, we followed a user centered design method by using empirical qualitative means for investigating user’s perceptions and opinions of our solutions. Most of our work has focused on redactable signatures in the cloud context within the eHealth use-case. Redactable signatures are a privacy enhancing scheme allowing to remove parts of a signed document by a specified party for achieving data minimization without invalidating the respective signature. We mainly used semi-structures interviews and focus groups in our investigations. Our results yielded key HCI considerations as well as guidelines of different means for supporting the design of future solutions.
Data privacy has been growing in importance in recent years, especially with the continuous increase of online activity. Researchers continuously study, design, and develop solutions aimed at enhancing users’ data privacy. The wicked problem of data privacy is the continuous challenge that defies straightforward solutions. Since there are many factors involved in data privacy, such as technological, legal, and human aspects, we can only aim at mitigating rather than solving this wicked problem. Our aim was to focus on human aspects for designing usable crypto-based privacy-enhancing solutions. In this thesis, we followed a user centered design method by using empirical qualitative means for investigating user’s perceptions and opinions of our solutions. Most of our work has focused on redactable signatures in the cloud context within an eHealth use-case. Redactable signatures are a privacy-enhancing scheme, which allow the removal of parts of a signed document by a specified party without invalidating the respective signature. Our results yielded key HCI considerations as well as guidelines of different means for supporting the design of future solutions.

Paper 3 was included as manuscript in the thesis.

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Tracy, Peter, i n/a. "Design and Problem-Finding in High Schools: a Study of Students and Their Teacher in One Queensland school". Griffith University. School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051110.154602.

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The study challenges current literature, which views the notion of problem-finding as the initial identification of a problem to be solved. The concept of problem-finding in this study is that problem-finding continues throughout the problem-solving process and is not distinct from it. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of problem-finding by examining high school students using problem-finding to solve industrial design problems. The study seeks to find out what types of problem-finding exist and what roles they play in solving design problems. To explore problem-finding, this study uses a Think Aloud methodology to examine the thinking of three high school industrial design students and one high school industrial design teacher solving an authentic industrial design problem. Protocol data was gathered from the subjects and then transcribed, segmented and analysed in three ways, each of which became progressively more specific: Firstly, a macroscopic examination which identified problem-finding episodes occurring throughout the design process; secondly, a microscopic examination which identified four categories of problem-finding; and lastly, a microscopic examination which looked at the role played by the different problem-finding categories in solving design problems. The findings of this study are fourfold. Firstly, problem-finding was found to be used throughout the entire design process. Secondly, there were four categories of problemfinding. Thirdly, each category played an important role predominantly through interaction with other categories. Lastly, the more experienced a person was, the more able they were to use problem-finding effectively to solve design problems. Many current practices use trial and error methods to solve design problems. The importance of this study is that through a better understanding of problem-finding, designers may be able to use metacognitive strategies more efficiently in the process. Similarly, in educational practice, high school design students may be able to learn to think about the methods they use to solve design problems, and this may result in more creative designs.

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Tracy, Peter. "Design and Problem-Finding in High Schools: a Study of Students and Their Teacher in One Queensland school". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366469.

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The study challenges current literature, which views the notion of problem-finding as the initial identification of a problem to be solved. The concept of problem-finding in this study is that problem-finding continues throughout the problem-solving process and is not distinct from it. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of problem-finding by examining high school students using problem-finding to solve industrial design problems. The study seeks to find out what types of problem-finding exist and what roles they play in solving design problems. To explore problem-finding, this study uses a Think Aloud methodology to examine the thinking of three high school industrial design students and one high school industrial design teacher solving an authentic industrial design problem. Protocol data was gathered from the subjects and then transcribed, segmented and analysed in three ways, each of which became progressively more specific: Firstly, a macroscopic examination which identified problem-finding episodes occurring throughout the design process; secondly, a microscopic examination which identified four categories of problem-finding; and lastly, a microscopic examination which looked at the role played by the different problem-finding categories in solving design problems. The findings of this study are fourfold. Firstly, problem-finding was found to be used throughout the entire design process. Secondly, there were four categories of problemfinding. Thirdly, each category played an important role predominantly through interaction with other categories. Lastly, the more experienced a person was, the more able they were to use problem-finding effectively to solve design problems. Many current practices use trial and error methods to solve design problems. The importance of this study is that through a better understanding of problem-finding, designers may be able to use metacognitive strategies more efficiently in the process. Similarly, in educational practice, high school design students may be able to learn to think about the methods they use to solve design problems, and this may result in more creative designs.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education
Full Text

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Lösche, Frank. "Investigating the moment when solutions emerge in problem solving". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/12838.

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At some point during a creative action something clicks, suddenly the prospective problem solver just knows the solution to a problem, and a feeling of joy and relief arises. This phenomenon, called Eureka experience, insight, Aha moment, hunch, epiphany, illumination, or serendipity, has been part of human narrations for thousands of years. It is the moment of a subjective experience, a surprising, and sometimes a life-changing event. In this thesis, I narrow down this moment 1. conceptually, 2. experientially, and 3. temporally. The concept of emerging solutions has a multidisciplinary background in Cognitive Science, Arts, Design, and Engineering. Through the discussion of previous terminology and comparative reviews of historical literature, I identify sources of ambiguity surrounding this phenomenon and suggest unifying terms as the basis for interdisciplinary exploration. Tracking the experience based on qualitative data from 11 creative practitioners, I identify conflicting aspects of existing models of creative production. To bridge this theoretical and disciplinary divide between iterative design thinking and sequential models of creativity, I suggest a novel multi-layered model. Empirical support for this proposal comes from Dira, a computer-based open-ended experimental paradigm. As part of this thesis I developed the task and 40 unique sets of stimuli and response items to collect dynamic measures of the creative process and evade known problems of insightful tasks. Using Dira, I identify the moment when solutions emerge from the number and duration of mouse-interactions with the on-screen elements and the 124 participants' self-reports. I provide an argument for the multi-layered model to explain a discrepancy between the timing observed in Dira and existing sequential models. Furthermore, I suggest that Eureka moments can be assessed on more than a dichotomous scale, as the empirical data from interviews and Dira demonstrates for this rich human experience. I conclude that the research on insight benefits from an interdisciplinary approach and suggest Dira as an instrument for future studies.

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O'Brien, Erin A. "An Analysis of Designer Problem-Solving in Addressing Overconsumption of Clothing". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1601029403307031.

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Furuhashi, Takeshi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa i Fumiya Kudo. "A Study on Analysis of Design Variables in Pareto Solutions for Conceptual Design Optimization Problem of Hybrid Rocket Engine". IEEE, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20699.

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Fabbri, Luca. "Computing primal solutions with exact arithmetics in SCIP". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8541/.

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The research for exact solutions of mixed integer problems is an active topic in the scientific community. State-of-the-art MIP solvers exploit a floating- point numerical representation, therefore introducing small approximations. Although such MIP solvers yield reliable results for the majority of problems, there are cases in which a higher accuracy is required. Indeed, it is known that for some applications floating-point solvers provide falsely feasible solutions, i.e. solutions marked as feasible because of approximations that would not pass a check with exact arithmetic and cannot be practically implemented. The framework of the current dissertation is SCIP, a mixed integer programs solver mainly developed at Zuse Institute Berlin. In the same site we considered a new approach for exactly solving MIPs. Specifically, we developed a constraint handler to plug into SCIP, with the aim to analyze the accuracy of provided floating-point solutions and compute exact primal solutions starting from floating-point ones. We conducted a few computational experiments to test the exact primal constraint handler through the adoption of two main settings. Analysis mode allowed to collect statistics about current SCIP solutions' reliability. Our results confirm that floating-point solutions are accurate enough with respect to many instances. However, our analysis highlighted the presence of numerical errors of variable entity. By using the enforce mode, our constraint handler is able to suggest exact solutions starting from the integer part of a floating-point solution. With the latter setting, results show a general improvement of the quality of provided final solutions, without a significant loss of performances.

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Wikström, Stephanie, i Simon Huisman. "The infant incubator from a hygienic and HTO perspective : Using ATP luminescence to identify problem areas and suggesting solutions". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173746.

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Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) are a major problem in healthcare today. Preterm infants have problems keeping their body temperature within normal boundaries due to heat-loss. They therefore need special care that is administered with the help of incubators, which help minimise the heat loss via convection. Within neonatology the incubator has been identified as one of the contributing factors to HCAI due to the warm and humid environment, making it easy to spread nosocomial flora. To assess if the incubator is a factor in the spreading of HCAI this project has focused on ATP+AMP (total ATP) luminescence measurements to find areas in the incubator that are likely to contribute to the spread of HCAI and suggesting solutions to some of these. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is found in both organic debris and bacteria and is therefore a good indicator of a problem area due to organic debris acting as nutrients. Only the incubator box of the Giraffe® OmniBed® incubator was studied. The cleaning process was observed on multiple occasions and together with interviews resulted in a number of 29 hypothesised problem areas, on or within the incubator box, that were measured before and after cleaning. The results show that incubators collect a substantial amount of total ATP during its use. Measurements also show that parts that are cleaned by a disinfector are cleaner than those parts that are cleaned manually. Areas on the main compartment became more contaminated after cleaning which further indicated that the design of the incubator needs improving. It was also concluded that there often was residue from soap left on the surface of the main compartment resulting in inhibition of the total ATP luminescence reaction. This resulted in unrealistic low values due to the inclusion of foam and soap in the sample and as a result 45 out of 570 measurements were excluded. Caution is advised when using the Kikkoman total ATP luminescence method, especially on the main body (chassis) of the incubator. A steam vapour cleaner and flask cleanser brush could be used to better reach and clean areas such as cavities and around the bed heating element. The use of the steam vapour cleaner could also diminish or eliminate the use of surface disinfectant that causes red irritated eyes and dizziness in the cleaning staff. The functionality of the incubator was found to be excellent but major improvements can be made in the incubator design to make the cleaning of the incubator easier.
Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är ett stort problem inom vården idag. För tidigt födda barn (prematurer) har problem att hålla sin kroppstemperatur inom normala gränser på grund av ökad värmeförlust. De behöver därför särskild vård som ges med hjälp av kuvöser, vilka bidrar till att minimera värmeförluster som sker via konvektion. Kuvösen som används inom neonatologin har identifierats som en av de bidragande faktorerna till VRI på grund av den varma och fuktiga miljön, vilken gör det lätt för mikroorganismer att föröka sig. För att bedöma i vilken utsträckning kuvösen är en faktor i spridningen av VRI har detta examensarbete genomfört ATP+AMP (total ATP) luminiscens-mätningar för att på så vis möjliggöra identifieringen av problemområden i kuvösen samt presentera lösningar till en del av dessa. ATP återfinns i både organisk materia och bakterier och är därför en bra indikator på ett problemområde på grund av att organisk materia agerar som näringsämne för bakterier. Enbart kuvösboxen tillhörande Giraffe® OmniBed® kuvösen testades i denna studie. Rengöringsprocessen av kuvösen observerades vid ett flertal tillfällen. Tillsammans med intervjuer resulterade detta i 29 förmodade problemområden belägna på eller inne i kuvösboxen. Dessa ställen mättes före och efter rengöring. Studien utfördes på neonatalavdelningen på Karolinska sjukhuset i Solna. Mätningar visade att delar som rengörs med en diskdesinfektor är mindre kontaminerade än de delar som rengörs manuellt. Flertalet områden på karossen blev mer kontaminerade efter rengöring vilket indikerade att utformningen av kuvösen behöver förbättras. Det var ofta tvålrester kvar på ytan av karossen, vilket resulterade i hämning av total ATP luminiscens-reaktion. Detta ledde till orealistiskt låga värden och att 45 av 570 mätningar exkluderades. Försiktighet bör iakttas vid användning av total ATP luminiscens-metoden, med Kikkomans LuciPac Pen, då sannolikheten för tvålrester ökar vid mätningar på karossen i kuvösen. En ångrengörare och flaskborste skulle kunna användas för att bättre nå och rengöra problemområden, såsom hålrum och runt värmeelementet i botten av chassit. Dessa redskap behöver dock utvärderas i framtida studier. Användningen av ångrengörare kan också minska eller eliminera användningen av ytdesinfektion, som orsakar röda irriterande ögon och yrsel hos städpersonal, om effektiviteten uppmätts hålla sjukhusets krav på renhet. Funktionaliteten hos kuvösen fanns vara utmärkt, men förbättringar behövs i utformningen av kuvösen för att möjligöra effektivare, lättare och bättre rengöring.

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Broadbent, P. J. "A computer solution to parachute design problems". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34746.

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In this thesis a Pascal computer program is presented which calculates a proposed design of parachute from some simple input parameters, of the type specified by a customer to a parachute company. The program reduces by a significant degree time spent by parachute engineers in the preliminary design stages. Parachute design is a process which (in common with much engineering design) can be regarded as consisting of a number of separate calculations. The most suitable method (or methods) for each calculation were selected after a thorough investigation of parachute design techniques. The chosen methods must be sufficiently accurate and readily conform to a computer treatment. The data required by the program have been collected from various sources and are stored in a number of files on a floppy disk. The program is applied to requirements received by a parachute company and results obtained compared with the actual parachutes designed. The program is highly interactive with the user who is able to dispute its selection of values for various parameters. Because the designer can make a rapid and objective choice between a number of methods for various calculations, the existence of this program contributes to his knowledge of the relevance of the parameters involved in, and his understanding of, parachute design. Examples of these techniques are given in the text. Possibilities for expanding and improving the program exist in a number of areas. In some cases the data required for a particular parachute or particular design methods are not available or do not exist. Provision has been made for such data to be included in the program when they are received.

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Lucas, Tamara J. H. "Formulation and solution of hierarchical decision support problems". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17291.

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Creswell, Steven Howard 1961. "Solution to a bay design and production sequencing problem". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277124.

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This thesis addresses the problem of setting up a surface mount placement machine for production. The objective is to minimize the number of machine changeovers made during a production run consisting of a number of circuit cards. The solution to the problem involves two separate decisions. The first decision considers determining how to combine feeders together in "bays" or groups of feeders, and how to assign the bays to the circuit cards. The second decision considers the circuit card production sequence. A mathematical programming formulation is given, however, its solution is very difficult for problems of a realistic size. Several heuristic approaches are suggested and used to solve actual and test problems. The heuristic for bay design uses clustering techniques used in Group Technology while the sequencing problem is solved using heuristics based on solution techniques for the Traveling Salesman problem.

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MA, XIANG. "NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR DIRECT AND INDIRECT (DESIGN) TURBOMACHINERY PROBLEMS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1146077765.

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Chen, Ye. "Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: Classification Problems and Solutions". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2892.

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Multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques are developed to address challenging classification problems arising in engineering management and elsewhere. MCDA consists of a set of principles and tools to assist a decision maker (DM) to solve a decision problem with a finite set of alternatives compared according to two or more criteria, which are usually conflicting. The three types of classification problems to which original research contributions are made are

Screening: Reduce a large set of alternatives to a smaller set that most likely contains the best choice.
Sorting: Arrange the alternatives into a few groups in preference order, so that the DM can manage them more effectively.
Nominal classification: Assign alternatives to nominal groups structured by the DM, so that the number of groups, and the characteristics of each group, seem appropriate to the DM.

Research on screening is divided into two parts: the design of a sequential screening procedure that is then applied to water resource planning in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and the development of a case-based distance method for screening that is then demonstrated using a numerical example.

Sorting problems are studied extensively under three headings. Case-based distance sorting is carried out with Model I, which is optimized for use with cardinal criteria only, and Model II, which is designed for both cardinal and ordinal criteria; both sorting approaches are applied to a case study in Canadian municipal water usage analysis. Sorting in inventory management is studied using a case-based distance method designed for multiple criteria ABC analysis, and then applied to a case study involving hospital inventory management. Finally sorting is applied to bilateral negotiation using a case-based distance model to assist negotiators that is then demonstrated on a negotiation regarding the supply of bicycle components.

A new kind of decision analysis problem, called multiple criteria nominal classification (MCNC), is addressed. Traditional classification methods in MCDA focus on sorting alternatives into groups ordered by preference. MCNC is the classification of alternatives into nominal groups, structured by the DM, who specifies multiple characteristics for each group. The features, definitions and structures of MCNC are presented, emphasizing criterion and alternative flexibility. An analysis procedure is proposed to solve MCNC problems systematically and applied to a water resources planning problem.

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Souza, Débora de Oliveira Lemos Rocha de. "A coevolução no problema de design". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3823.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Algumas ações do processo projetual se restringem aos pensamentos dos designers, gerando uma dificuldade para compreender o processo e torná-lo explícito. As pesquisas nessa área tentam transpor essas limitações, buscando perceber o modo como os designers resolvem os problemas para aprimorar a sua atuação. Esses problemas são caracterizados como mal-estruturados e podem ser vistos de diferentes perspectivas, gerando respostas distintas. O conceito de coevolução percebe a resolução de problemas de forma evolutiva: à medida que compreende-se um pouco mais o problema, as respostas tornam-se mais aprimoradas. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo geral compreender a coevolução do problema de design. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória em um workshop em design, coletando as informações por meio de grupos focais e do registro, em vídeo, do processo realizado pelos participantes. A técnica utilizada para analisar as informações coletadas nos grupos focais e nos vídeos foi a análise de conteúdo, com algumas adaptações necessárias à pesquisa realizada. Na análise, percebeu-se que a coevolução é influenciada: 1) pela formulação inicial do problema que funciona como uma força motora, impulsionando o processo de resolução do problema; 2) pela forma como as equipes se articulam, levando-se em conta o modo como os integrantes desempenham diferentes papeis e estabelecem um ritmo de resolução do problema de acordo com experiências anteriores que trazem para o projeto; 3) pelos questionamentos em relação ao problema ou à solução, caracterizando-se como uma das estratégias utilizadas pelos designers para avançar no espaço-problema ou no espaço-solução. Concluiu-se, assim, que não só o espaço-problema e o espaço-solução se modificam no percurso do projeto de forma a provocar uma evolução mútua, mas os diversos fatores que envolvem o processo projetual também influenciam na coevolução do problema de design.
Some actions in the design process are restricted to the designers’ thoughts, what may cause some difficulties in understanding the process itself and making it explicit. Studies in this area attempt to overcome these limitations by looking into the way designers solve problems to improve their performance. These problems are usually characterized as ill-structured and can be seen from different perspectives, leading to distinct answers. The concept of co-evolution regards problem resolution in an evolutive manner: as the problem is better understood, the answers become more refined. The overall objective of this work is to understand the co-evolution of the design problem. In order to do this, an exploratory research was conducted within a design workshop, where data was collected by means of both focal groups and videos recording the participants’ process. The technique used to analyse all this data was Content Analysis, with some necessary adaptations to the context of the present research. In the analysis, it was possible to observe that co-evolution is influenced by: 1) the initial formulation of the problem that works as a driving force, boosting the problem resolution process; 2) the way the groups manage themselves, taking into consideration the manner in which different members play distinct roles and establish a problem resolution pace based on previous experiences they bring to the project; and 3) inquiries related to the problem or the solution, which can be regarded as one of the strategies used by designers to move forward into the problem space or the solution space. In conclusion, all these observations lead to the understanding that not only the problem space and the solution space modify themselves in the course of the project, triggering mutual evolution, but the diverse aspects involved in the design context also have some influence on the co-evolution of the design problem.

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FILHO, JOSÉ EURICO DE VASCONCELOS. "A DESIGN MODEL BASED ON RATIONALE: RELATING PROBLEM SPACE TO SOLUTION SPACE OF DESIGN". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16991@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O design de sistemas interativos é um processo complexo, iterativo e colaborativo, que requer diferentes conhecimentos para sua realização, e composto por diferentes atividades que se inter-relacionam na composição de um produto final. As informações produzidas durante cada atividade são de extrema relevância para a continuidade do processo e para a compreensão, explicação e manutenção do produto produzido. Estas informações devem estar relacionadas e integradas em um discurso claro e coerente, permitindo sua rastreabilidade e contemplando a proveniência e o contexto em que foram produzidas. Observa-se, entretanto, que as propostas de captura e modelagem do processo de design em IHC provêem uma visão fragmentada e/ou incompleta deste processo. Por esta razão, propõe-se aqui um modelo epistêmico, baseado em Design Rationale (DR), adequado ao registro e modelagem do design de sistemas interativos. Com base na revisão e análise das principais visões e propostas do processo de design, seus requisitos, modelos, notações, linguagens de suporte foi proposto o modelo epistêmico Ideia. O modelo tem como principal objetivo registrar e comunicar as atividades de design de forma coesa, oferecendo subsídios para a reflexão da equipe de design sobre as atividades do processo de design, bem como informações de proveniência para a rastreabilidade das informações. Para isso, o modelo propõe a integração dos insumos e produtos (e.g., requisitos, modelos, artefatos) das atividades de design, oferecendo uma ponte entre as atividades de análise (espaço de problema) e de design conceitual (espaço de solução) por meio do DR. O modelo foi implementado no protótipo Deprost e adotado no design de parte de um sistema colaborativo, o sistema WikiMapps, possibilitando avaliar a proposta através de um estudo de caso sobre seu desempenho quanto ao que é proposto.
The design of interactive systems is a complex, iterative and collaborative process, composed of different activities that are interrelated in the composition of a final product and requires different expertise to perform it. The information produced during each activity is very important for the continuity of the process and to understand, explain and maintain the product produced. This information must be related and integrated in a clear and coherent speech, allowing traceability and addressing the origin and the context in which they were produced. It is noted, however, that the proposed process catch and modeling in HCI design provide a fragmented and/or incomplete view of this process. For this reason, we propose an epistemic model, based on Design Rationale (DR), suitable for the recording and modeling of the design of interactive systems. Based on the review and analysis of the key views and proposals of the design process, their requirements, models, notations and support languages, the epistemic model Ideia has been proposed. The model has as its main goal to register and report design activities in a cohesive manner, offering support for the reflection of the design team about the activities of the design process as well as information sources for the traceability of information. For this, the model proposes the integration of inputs and outputs (e.g., requirements, models, artifacts) of the activities of analysis (problem space) and the conceptual design (solution space) DR. The model was implemented in the Deprost prototype and adopted in the design of part of the WikiMapps project, allowing us to evaluate the proposal in a real case study.

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Gallegos, Carlos Mario 1973. "Motion based design : solution algorithms to the inverse problem with applications to seismic design". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46143.

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Thareja, Rajiv R. "Efficient single-level solution of hierarchical problems in structural optimization". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71195.

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Engineering design is hierarchical in nature, and if no attempt is made to benefit from this hierarchical nature, design optimization can be very expensive. There are two alternatives to taking advantage of the hierarchical nature of structural design problems. Multi-level optimization techniques incorporate the hierarchy at the formulation stage, and result in the coordinated optimization of a hierarchy of subsystems. The use of multi-level optimization techniques often necessitates the use of equality constraints. These constraints can sometimes cause numerical difficulties during optimization. Single-level decomposition techniques take advantage of the hierarchical nature to reduce the optimization cost. In this research the decomposition approach has been followed to reduce the computational effort in a single-level design space. A decoupling technique has been developed that retains the advantages of a partitioned system of smaller independent subsystems without an increase in the total number of design variables. A penalty function formulation using Newton's method for the solution of a sequence of unconstrained minimizations was employed. The optimization of the decoupled system is cheaper due to (i) cheaper evaluation of the hessian matrix by taking advantage of its sparsity, (ii) fewer global analyses for constraint derivative calculations, and (iii) utilizing the decoupled nature of the hessian matrix in the solution process. Further, the memory requirements of the decoupled system are much less than that of the original coupled system. These benefits increase substantially for design problems with larger and larger number of detailed design variables. Orthotropic material properties as stiffness global variables have been shown to be effective as global variables for panels in a hierarchical wing design formulation. The proposed decoupling technique was implemented to minimize the volume of a portal frame and a wing box. Computational savings of up to 50 percent have been obtained for medium sized problems. The savings increase as the size of the problem and the amount of decoupling is increased. The procedure is simple to implement. For truly large systems this decoupling technique provides the necessary reduction of computational effort to make the optimization process viable.
Ph. D.

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Hornsby, Peter M. "Effective component-based solutions to problems : reusing components and designs". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34880.

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Computers are useful problem-solving tools, and they are most effective when they are programmed to address a particular problem. Programming is however an activity that is restricted to a very small group of specialists, usually with years of training. Within this specialism, component reuse is regarded as an important technique, but one that is difficult to achieve in practice. The existing development community has already invested considerable time and money in learning software development skills, and is unlikely to invest further in learning a significantly different skill. It seems reasonable therefore that effective techniques for component reuse will need to be based on existing skills, and must keep the additional workload of component reuse as small as possible. The work described in this thesis is an investigation of techniques which might meet this requirement and which are based on an understanding of the holistic human-computer problem solving system. Here, both the requirements of the computer as an information processing system, and the needs of the human problem solver are accounted for and enabled to work together effectively.

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Mohnot, Anshul. "Solution of fluid-structure interaction problems using a discontinuous Galerkin technique". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43798.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58).
The present work aims to address the problem of fluid-structure interaction using a discontinuous Galerkin approach. Starting from the Navier-Stokes equations on a fixed domain, an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach is used to derive the equations for the deforming domain. A geometric conservation law (GCL) is then introduced, which guarantees freestream preservation of the numerical scheme. The space discretization is performed using a discontinuous Galerkin method and time integration is performed using either an explicit four stage Runge-Kutta scheme or an implicit BDF2 scheme. The mapping parameters for the ALE formulation are then obtained using algorithms based on radial basis functions (RBF) or linear elasticity. These strategies are robust and can be applied to bodies with arbitrary shapes and undergoing arbitrary motions. The robustness and accuracy of the ALE scheme coupled with these mapping strategies is then demonstrated by solving some model problems. The ability of the scheme to handle complex flow problems is demonstrated by analyzing the low Reynolds number flow over an oscillating circular cylinder.
by Anshul Mohnot.
S.M.

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INZARULFAISHAM, Abd Rahim, i Hideyuki AZEGAMI. "Solution to Shape Optimization Problem of Linear Elastic Continuum with Prescribed Vibrational Eigen-mode". 日本機械学会, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12180.

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Binli, Ozmen. "Overview Of Solutions To Prevent Liquid Loading Problems In Gas Wells". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611560/index.pdf.

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Every gas well ceases producing as reservoir pressure depletes. The usual liquid presence in the reservoir can cause further problems by accumulating in the wellbore and reducing production even more. There are a number of options in well completion to prevent liquid loading even before it becomes a problem. Tubing size and perforation interval optimization are the two most common methods. Although completion optimization will prevent liquid accumulation in the wellbore for a certain time, eventually as the reservoir pressure decreases more, the well will start loading. As liquid loading occurs it is crucial to recognize the problem at early stages and select a suitable prevention method. There are various methods to prevent liquid loading such as
gas lift, plunger lift, pumping and velocity string installation. This study set out to construct a decision tree for a possible expert system used to determine the best result for a particular gas well. The findings are tested to confirm by field applications as attempts of the expert system.

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Gupta, Rakesh. "Problems in communication network design and location planning : new solution procedures". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272990562.

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Milrud, Eduardo E. "The Practice of Design in Multidisciplinary Teams: Turning Points, Mediation, and Getting Stuck". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1608207778820736.

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Hellman, Fredrik. "Towards the Solution of Large-Scale and Stochastic Traffic Network Design Problems". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130013.

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This thesis investigates the second-best toll pricing and capacity expansion problems when stated as mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). Three main questions are rised: First, whether conventional descent methods give sufficiently good solutions, or whether global solution methods are to prefer. Second, how the performance of the considered solution methods scale with network size. Third, how a discretized stochastic mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (SMPEC) formulation of a stochastic network design problem can be practically solved. An attempt to answer these questions is done through a series ofnumerical experiments.

The traffic system is modeled using the Wardrop’s principle for user behavior, separable cost functions of BPR- and TU71-type. Also elastic demand is considered for some problem instances.

Two already developed method approaches are considered: implicit programming and a cutting constraint algorithm. For the implicit programming approach, several methods—both local and global—are applied and for the traffic assignment problem an implementation of the disaggregate simplicial decomposition (DSD) method is used. Regarding the first question concerning local and global methods, our results don’t give a clear answer.

The results from numerical experiments of both approaches on networks of different sizes shows that the implicit programming approach has potential to solve large-scale problems, while the cutting constraint algorithm scales worse with network size.

Also for the stochastic extension of the network design problem, the numerical experiments indicate that implicit programming is a good approach to the problem.

Further, a number of theorems providing sufficient conditions for strong regularity of the traffic assignment solution mapping for OD connectors and BPR cost functions are given.

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Baker, Rhoda Swartz Christopher L. E. "Interior point solution of complementarity constrained problems arising in integrated design and control". *McMaster only, 2006.

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MASTRAPA, LORENA HERNANDEZ. "IMPROVEMENT IN HEURISTIC METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK DESIGN PROBLEM". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31654@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Atualmente mais da metade da população mundial mora em cidades. O deslocamento na região urbana, mediante a utilização de transporte público se dificulta devido ao planejamento deficiente das rotas e redes de transporte, longos tempos de viagem, aumento do custo das passagens, dos tempos de espera, etc. Como consequência, a busca de operações mais eficientes no sistema de transporte público urbano tem aumentado visando atender as necessidades de transporte de forma mais sustentável. Após a revisão da literatura relacionada ao problema de desenho de rede de transporte público urbano, foi escolhido o método proposto por Aquino, (1980), aplicável para redes de ônibus urbanos. Por médio da modernização do programa do método escolhido e as melhorias nele, o número de rotas que define a rede conectada diminuiu. O número de transbordos na rede foi minimizado até zera-lo com um menor conjunto de rotas. Análise de indicadores e de rentabilidade das rotas que minimizam o número de transbordo na rede, permite ao planejador ter uma visão geral do comportamento dessas rotas possibilitando tomar decisões mantendo os requerimentos iniciais e o objetivo de estudo. O programa do método desenvolvido, adaptado a uma linguagem moderna, Cmais mais, oferece, tanto ao meio acadêmico quanto ao profissional, uma ferramenta de fácil aplicação para dar solução ao Problema de Desenho de Rede de Transporte Público Urbano. Contribuindo potencialmente ao incremento da eficiência do processo de planejamento e, portanto, à redução de não conformidades do serviço de transporte resultando em economia dos custos para as empresas prestadoras deste serviço.
Nowadays, more than half of the world s population lives in cities. Displacement in the urban area through the use of public transportation is hampered by poor planning of transport routes and networks, long travel times, increased ticket costs and waiting times, etc. As a consequence, the search for more efficient operations in the urban public transport system has increased in order to meet the transport needs in a more sustainable way. After the literature review related to the urban public transport network design problem, the method proposed by Aquino (1980), applicable to urban bus networks, was chosen. By means of the program s modernization of the chosen method and the improvements in it, the number of routes defining the connected network has decreased. The overflow number on the network has been minimized to zero with a smaller set of routes. Analysis of indicators and profitability of the routes that minimize the number of transfer in the network, allows the planner to have an overview of the behavior of these routes allowing to make decisions keeping the initial requirements and the objective of study. The developed method program, adapted to a modern language, C plus plus, offers both an academic and a professional environment an easy application tool to solve the Urban Public Transport Network Design Problem. Potentially contributing to the increase of the efficiency of the planning process and, therefore, to the reduction of nonconformities of the transport service, resulting in cost savings for the companies that provide this service.

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Olsson, Anna, i Martin Årsköld. "Kill visions in the process of design :problem-oriented versus solution-oriented ways of expressing requirements". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap och medieteknik, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1637.

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How should requirements be expressed to support the design process of advanced software? This is what this report contributes based on facts from qualitative research methods performed at Ericsson Software Technology. The design process studied is influenced by different ways of expressing the requirements, problem-oriented and solution-oriented. The problem-oriented way of expressing requirements supports the designers to keep the overall picture of the product and make visions possible in the requirement handling process. The study also points out that the problem-oriented way of expressing requirements facilitates distributed software projects.
Rapporten berör hur krav kan uttryckas problemorienterat eller lösningsorienterat och hur dessa olika uttryckssätt påverkar designprocessen.

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Rubin, Charlie. "Public housing in Chicago, USA a focus on problems and solutions in design, pattern and practice /". Diss., Connect to the thesis (Haverford College Users Only), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1434.

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Barjhoux, Pierre-Jean. "Towards efficient solutions for large scale structural optimization problems with categorical and continuous mixed design variables". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2020. http://depozit.isae.fr/theses/2020/2020_Barjhoux_Pierre-Jean.pdf.

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Dans l’industrie aéronautique, les problèmes d’optimisation de structurepeuvent impliquer des changements de matériaux, de types de raidisseurs, et detailles d’éléments. Dans ce travail, il est ainsi proposé de résoudre des problèmes degrande taille (minimisation de masse) par rapport à des variables catégorielles et continues,sujets à des contraintes de stress et de déplacements. Trois algorithmes sontprésentés, discutés dans le manuscrit au regard de cas tests de plus en plus complexes.En tout premier lieu, un algorithme basé sur le "branch and bound" a été mis en place.Une formulation d’un problème dédié au calcul de minorants de la masse optimale estproposée. Bien que l’algorithme permette de trouver des solutions optimales, la tendancedu coût de calcul en fonction de l’augmentation du nombre d’éléments est exponentielle.Le second algorithme s’appuie sur une formulation bi-niveau du problème d’origine, oùle problème supérieur consiste à minimiser une approximation au premier ordre du résultatdu niveau inférieur. L’évolution du coût de calcul par rapport à l’augmentation dunombre d’éléments et de valeurs catégorielles est quasiment linéaire. Enfin, un troisièmealgorithme tire partie d’une reformulation du problème mixte catégoriel continu en unproblème bi-niveau mixte avec variables entières continûment relâchables. Les cas testsnumériques montrent la résolution d’un problème avec plus d’une centaine d’éléments.Également, le coût de calcul est quasi-indépendant du nombre de valeurs de variablescatégorielles disponibles par élément
Nowadays in the aircraft industry, structural optimization problemscan be really complex and combine changes in choices of materials, stiffeners, orsizes/types of elements. In this work, it is proposed to solve large scale structural weightminimization problems with both categorical and continuous variables, subject to stressand displacements constraints. Three algorithms have been proposed. As a first attempt,an algorithm based on the branch and bound generic framework has been implemented.A specific formulation to compute lower bounds has been proposed. According to thenumerical tests, the algorithm returned the exact optima. However, the exponentialscalability of the computational cost with respect to the number of structural elementsprevents from an industrial application. The second algorithm relies on a bi-level formulationof the mixed categorical problem. The master full categorical problem consists ofminimizing a first order like approximation of the slave problem with respect to the categoricaldesign variables. The method offers a quasi-linear scaling of the computationalcost with respect to the number of elements and categorical values. Finally, in the thirdapproach the optimization problem is formulated as a bi-level mixed integer non-linearprogram with relaxable design variables. Numerical tests include an optimization casewith more than one hundred structural elements. Also, the computational cost scalingis quasi-independent from the number of available categorical values per element

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Meenakshi, Sundaram Vignesh. "Developing Bleeding-edge microservice solutions for complex problems : Non-intrusive technology in Walking Meetings". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214670.

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The last decade has seen an emergence of various types of cloud services and development frameworks offered by leading companies in the software industry. While each of these services has been used to solve specific tasks, their specifications have changed over time as they have matured. Therefore, integrating these components to solve a whole new task tends to get tricky due to their incompatible and experimental nature. While some technology components might continue to be developed, others might deprecate. In this thesis, using a user-centered design and agile development approach, we have attempted to develop a cloud solution using microservice software architecture by integrating state-of-the-art technology components to solve a totally new task of providing a non-intrusive technology experience during walking meetings. We present our results based on interaction with the research group, user studies as a part of the research study “Movement of the mind”, and expectations of the working prototype within the context of walking meetings. We also present the features of the prototype and our motivation for choosing the tools to develop them. Finally, we discuss the development challenges faced during our attempt and conclude whether it is plausible to integrate various components of bleeding-edge technology to solve complex real-life problems or rather wait for these technologies to mature.
Under det senaste decenniet har marknaden erbjudits en mängd olika typer av molntjänster och utvecklings-ramverk framtagna av ledande företag inom mjukvaruindustrin. Dessa tjänster har ofta använts för att lösa specifika uppgifter. Olika komponenterna som ingår i dessa specifika lösningar har med tiden utvecklats ändrats allteftersom de har mognat. Att integrera dessa komponenter för att lösa en helt ny uppgift tenderar därför att bli svårt på grund av deras instabila, inkompatibla och experimentella karaktär. Medan vissa teknikkomponenter kan fortsätta att utvecklas kan andra avstanna och utgå. Vi har närmat oss detta problemområde genom agil och iterativ utveckling samt användar-centrerad design-metod. En moln-baserad lösning som bland annat integrerat bleeding-edge teknikkomponenter har utvecklats och utvärderats med syfte att ge en icke-påträngande tekniskt support för gå-möten. De resultat som här presenteras och diskuteras baseras på interaktion med forskargruppen inom projektet "Med rörelse i tankarna", användarstudier och användartesteter i fält på olika arbetsplatser där den prototyp som utvecklats sökt motsvara användarnas utryckta förväntningar på tekniskt support för gångmöten. Vi diskuterar också prototypens egenskaper och vår motivation för val av metoder för att utveckla den. Slutligen diskuterar vi de utvecklingsutmaningar vi ställdes inför under vårt försök och om det är rimligt att integrera olika bleeding-edge komponenter för att lösa komplexa verkliga problem eller huruvida man hellre bör vänta på att dessa teknologier nått en stabilare mognadsgrad.

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SHIMODA, Masatoshi, Hideyuki AZEGAMI i Toshiaki SAKURAI. "Numerical Solution for Min-Max Shape Optimization Problems (Minimum Design of Maximum Stress and Displacement)". 日本機械学会, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12154.

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Lambert, Geoffrey C. "The development of a unique algorithm for the solution of HVAC system design optimisation problems". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359199.

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Lillegraven, Terje Nesbakken, i Arnt Christian Wolden. "Design of a Bayesian Recommender System for Tourists Presenting a Solution to the Cold-Start User Problem". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11028.

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Recommender systems aim to provide users with personalised recommendations of items based on their preferences. Such systems have during the last 15 years been applied in many domains and have enjoyed an increased popularity both in research communities and commerce. In this thesis our overlying aim is to work towards creating a recommender system for tourists visiting Trondheim. We begin this work by addressing the cold-start user problem, which is the problem of giving high-quality recommendations to new users who the system has little or no information about. The problem is severe in the tourist domain where the majority of users are cold-start users. To properly address the problem, we present a systematic literature review of the recommender system literature identifying nine types of solutions to the cold-start user problem. We evaluate the solution types in context of the tourist domain, and find that using demographic user data is the best solution in this domain. We include this solution as a part when we propose a design of a location-aware Bayesian recommender system for tourists visiting Trondheim.

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Needler, Noah J. "Design of an Algae Harvesting Cable Robot, Including a Novel Solution to the Forward Pose Kinematics Problem". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1374249164.

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Linkins, Kathy L. "Modeling the Role of Boundary Spanners-in-Practice in the Nondeterministic Model of Engineering Design Activity". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc848187/.

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Boundary spanners-in-practice are individuals who inhabit more than one social world and bring overlapping place perspectives to bear on the function(s) performed within and across each world. Different from nominated boundary spanners, they are practitioners responsible for the 'translation' of each small world's perspectives thereby increasing collaboration effectiveness to permit the small worlds to work synergistically. The literature on Knowledge Management (KM) has emphasized the organizational importance of individuals performing boundary spanning roles by resolving cross-cultural and cross-organizational knowledge system conflicts helping teams pursue common goals through creation of "joint fields" - a third dimension that is co-jointly developed between the two fields or dimensions that the boundary spanner works to bridge. The Copeland and O'Connor Nondeterministic Model of Engineering Design Activity was utilized as the foundation to develop models of communication mechanics and dynamics when multiple simultaneous interactions of the single nondeterministic user model, the BSIP and two Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), engage during design activity in the Problem-Solving Space. The Problem-Solving Space defines the path through the volumes of plausible answers or 'solution spaces' that will satisfice the problem presented to the BSIP and SMEs. Further model refinement was performed to represent expertise seeking behaviors and the physical and mental models constructed by boundary spanners-in-practice during knowledge domain mapping. This was performed by mapping the three levels of communication complexity (transfer, translation and transformation) to each knowledge boundary (syntactic, semantic and pragmatic) that must be bridged during knowledge domain mapping.

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Whiteside, Willis. "An investigation into the problems associated with providing personal respiratory protection in healthcare and the development of a proposed design solution". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22990.

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Hoffner, Y. "The design of a reconfigurable multiprocessor system and its use in the solution of a class of numerical problems". Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370813.

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Nowak, Derek Brant. "The Design of a Novel Tip Enhanced Near-field Scanning Probe Microscope for Ultra-High Resolution Optical Imaging". PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/361.

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Traditional light microscopy suffers from the diffraction limit, which limits the spatial resolution to λ/2. The current trend in optical microscopy is the development of techniques to bypass the diffraction limit. Resolutions below 40 nm will make it possible to probe biological systems by imaging the interactions between single molecules and cell membranes. These resolutions will allow for the development of improved drug delivery mechanisms by increasing our understanding of how chemical communication within a cell occurs. The materials sciences would also benefit from these high resolutions. Nanomaterials can be analyzed with Raman spectroscopy for molecular and atomic bond information, or with fluorescence response to determine bulk optical properties with tens of nanometer resolution. Near-field optical microscopy is one of the current techniques, which allows for imaging at resolutions beyond the diffraction limit. Using a combination of a shear force microscope (SFM) and an inverted optical microscope, spectroscopic resolutions below 20 nm have been demonstrated. One technique, in particular, has been named tip enhanced near-field optical microscopy (TENOM). The key to this technique is the use of solid metal probes, which are illuminated in the far field by the excitation wavelength of interest. These probes are custom-designed using finite difference time domain (FDTD) modeling techniques, then fabricated with the use of a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope. The measure of the quality of probe design is based directly on the field enhancement obtainable. The greater the field enhancement of the probe, the more the ratio of near-field to far-field background contribution will increase. The elimination of the far-field signal by a decrease of illumination power will provide the best signal-to-noise ratio in the near-field images. Furthermore, a design that facilitates the delocalization of the near-field imaging from the far-field will be beneficial. Developed is a novel microscope design that employs two-photon non-linear excitation to allow the imaging of the fluorescence from almost any visible fluorophore at resolutions below 30 nm without changing filters or excitation wavelength. The ability of the microscope to image samples at atmospheric pressure, room temperature, and in solution makes it a very promising tool for the biological and materials science communities. The microscope demonstrates the ability to image topographical, optical, and electronic state information for single-molecule identification. A single computer, simple custom control circuits, field programmable gate array (FPGA) data acquisition, and a simplified custom optical system controls the microscope are thoroughly outlined and documented. This versatility enables the end user to custom-design experiments from confocal far-field single molecule imaging to high resolution scanning probe microscopy imaging. Presented are the current capabilities of the microscope, most importantly, high-resolution near-field images of J-aggregates with PIC dye. Single molecules of Rhodamine 6G dye and quantum dots imaged in the far-field are presented to demonstrate the sensitivity of the microscope. A comparison is made with the use of a mode-locked 50 fs pulsed laser source verses a continuous wave laser source on single molecules and J-aggregates in the near-field and far-field. Integration of an intensified CCD camera with a high-resolution monochromator allows for spectral information about the sample. The system will be disseminated as an open system design.

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SHIMODA, Masatoshi, Hideyuki AZEGAMI i Toshiaki SAKURAI. "Multiobjective Shape Optimization of Linear Elastic Structures Considering Multiple Loading Conditions (Dealing with Mean Compliance Minimization problems)". 日本機械学会, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12155.

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Lang, Stanislav. "Řešení spojitých systémů evolučními výpočetními technikami". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371772.

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The thesis deals the issue of solution of continuous systems by evolutionary computational techniques. Evolutionary computing techniques fall into the field of softcomputing, an advanced metaheuristics optimization that is becoming more and more a method of solving complicated optimization problems with the gradual increase in computing performance of computers. The solution of continuous systems, or the synthesis of continuous control circuits, is one of the areas where these advanced algorithms find their application. When dealing with continuous systems we will focus on regulatory issues. Evolutionary computing can then become a tool not only for optimization of controller parameters but also to design its structure. Various algorithms (genetic algorithm, differential evolution, etc.) can be used to optimize the parameters of the controller, for the design of the controller structurewe usually encounter so called grammatical evolution. However, the use of grammatical evolution is not necessary if appropriate coding is used, as suggested in the presented thesis. The thesis presents a method of designing the structure and parameters of a general linear controller using the genetic algorithm. A general linear regulator is known also as so called polynomial controller, if we encounter the polynomial theory of control. The method of encoding the description of the general linear controller into the genetic chain is crucial, it determines a set of algorithms that are usable for optimization and influence the efficiency of the calculations. Described coding, effective EVT implementation, including multi-criteria optimization, is a key benefit of this work.

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Ferreira, Duarte Nuno Sousa. "Bus Network Design Problem: a review of approaches and solutions". Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130314.

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Ferreira, Duarte Nuno Sousa. "Bus Network Design Problem: a review of approaches and solutions". Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130314.

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Liang, Dong. "The production-assembly-distribution system design problem: modeling and solution approaches". 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2529.

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This dissertation, which consists of four parts, is to (i) present a mixed integer programming model for the strategic design of an assembly system in the international business environment established by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the focus on modeling the material flow network with assembly operations, (ii) compare different decomposition schemes and acceleration techniques to devise an effective branch-and-price solution approach, (iii) introduce a generalization of Dantzig-Wolf Decomposition (DWD), and (iv) propose a combination of dual-ascent and primal drop heuristics. The model deals with a broad set of design issues (bill-of-materials restrictions, international financial considerations, and material flows through the entire supply chain) using effective modeling devices. The first part especially focuses on modeling material flows in such an assembly system. The second part is to study several schemes for applying DWD to the productionassembly- distribution system design problem (PADSDP). Each scheme exploits selected embedded structures. The research objective is to enhance the rate of DWD convergence in application to PADSDP through formulating a rationale for decomposition by analyzing potential schemes, adopting acceleration techniques, and assessing the impacts of schemes and techniques computationally. Test results provide insights that may be relevant to other applications of DWD. The third part proposes a generalization of column generation, reformulating the master problem with fewer variables at the expense of adding more constraints; the subproblem structure does not change. It shows both analytically and computationally that the reformulation promotes faster convergence to an optimal solution in application to a linear program and to the relaxation of an integer program at each node in the branchand- bound tree. Further, it shows that this reformulation subsumes and generalizes prior approaches that have been shown to improve the rate of convergence in special cases. The last part proposes two dual-ascent algorithms and uses each in combination with a primal drop heuristic to solve the uncapacitated PADSDP, which is formulated as a mixed integer program. Computational results indicate that one combined heuristic finds solutions within 0.15% of optimality in most cases and within reasonable time, an efficacy suiting it well for actual large-scale applications.

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Cocking, Cara [Verfasser]. "Solutions to facility location-network design problems / vorgelegt von Cara Cocking". 2008. http://d-nb.info/990547760/34.

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Dahlbeck, Mirko. "Solution approaches for facility layout problems". Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-155E-B.

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Lownes, Nicholas Earl. "The commuter rail circulator network design problem: formulation, solution methods, and applications". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3352.

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Commuter rail is increasingly popular as a means to introduce rail transportation to metropolitan transportation systems. The long-term benefits of commuter rail include the addition of capacity to the transportation system, providing a quality commute alternative, and shifting land use toward transit-oriented development patterns. The success of a commuter rail system depends upon cultivating a ridership base upon which to expand and improve the system. Cultivating this ridership is dependent upon offering a quality transportation option to commuters. Characteristics of commuter rail systems in the United States present challenges to offering quality service that must be overcome. Commuter rail has been implemented only on existing rail right-of-way (ROW) and infrastructure (depending upon condition) in the United States. Existing rail ROW does not often coincide with current commercial and residential demand centers and necessitates the use of a circulator system to expand the service boundary of commuter rail to reach these demand centers. The commuter rail circulator network design problem (CRCNDP) addresses a particular aspect of the commuter rail trip, seeking to improve the performance of the entire system through accurately modeling the portion of the trip from rail station to the final destination. This final leg includes both the trip on the circulator vehicle and the walking trip from the circulator stop to the final destination. This dissertation seeks to provide an innovative mathematical programming formulation and solution methodology for the CRCNDP and apply this method to a case study.

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Denis, Nikolaos Athanasios. "Solution of optimization problems with spatial symmetry and applications to adaptive optics". 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9909160.

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The essential characteristics of large systems is their high dimensionality due to which conventional control techniques fail to give reasonable solutions with reasonable computational efforts. A number of large systems encountered in practice are composed of subsystems with similar dynamics interconnected in a symmetrical fashion. The analysis and control of a large system with these particular features must take advantage of the existing structural properties to achieve computational simplifications of the overall problem. The focus of this thesis is the feedback design and analysis of large systems possessing the property of spatial symmetry. Specifically, the problems of controller design and analysis for infinite dimensional toeplitz systems and their finite dimensional analogs, circulant systems, are studied. These spatially symmetric systems are special classes of large systems. The first part of this thesis is focused on the development of formal controller design methodologies which take advantage of the properties of the circulant matrices. The key to this development is the use of the FFT algorithm to diagonalize circulant matrices. The resulting controller design methodologies are computationally attractive and easily applicable to large systems with circulant symmetry. More specifically, the H$\sb2$ and H$\sb{\infty}$ controller synthesis problems are studied in detail and are shown to decompose into lower order independent problems. The second part of this work concentrates on proving that certain finite order toeplitz systems are asymptotically equivalent in an appropriate sense to circulant systems. This result justifies the use of circulant control design techniques for certain toeplitz systems. Moreover, the closed loop effects of controlling a toeplitz system with a controller designed for its asymptotically equivalent circulant system are analyzed. The application of the developed theoretical results to a realistic example is the focus of the last part of the thesis. The adaptive optics system used in this example is modeled by a transfer function matrix with toeplitz symmetry. The computational efficiency of the controller design methodologies developed in this thesis is illustrated by designing a series of controllers for this system.

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Shih, Chiao-sheng, i 施教勝. "Investigation of the Construction Problems and Solutions for Design-Build Contracts – Case Studies". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67692852804793203447.

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碩士
國立交通大學
工學院工程技術與管理學程
99
In the past, most public construction agencies in Taiwan manage construction projects in a conventional manner for preventing corruption. That is, a design-bid-build contracting method and a low-bid tendering method are often adopted for finding a contractor. Such a traditional apporach has caused numerous inefficiencies and disputes due to the misinterpretation of design, construction interterferences, and many other factors. After the Government Procurement Law has been enacted, a new approach that is based on the design/build (also called turnkey) contracting method and the most advantageous tendering method can be adopted by law. However, construction disputes remain even when the new approach is applied. Thus, this study aims to investigate the reasons and suggust solutions of these construction disputes by analyzing six design/build projects. These case projects were all related to the construction of new high-school facilities. According to these case studies, this work identifies six types of construction disputs. The lessons learned for each dispute are discussed. Overall, the findings of this study should be able to support public agencies in managing both design/build and design-bid-build projects.

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Jiang, Fu-Cong, i 蔣復聰. "A study on Current Status, Problem and Solution on Design-Build for public works". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29543283398968698398.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
104
Use of the Design-Build procurement foe public construction works can improve the defects by traditional procurement methods, such as overly long design periods, complex working interfaces, and awards resulting in unreasonably low price bids and poor quality work etc. Because of public sector often do not understand the Design-Build system in the implementation, or inadequate advance work, which led to problems of implementation, the performance not only generate a lot of controversy, also negative affecting on the implementation of the Design-Build system. For this reason, the study primary focus on public works for Design-Build project the present situation and effectiveness of the implementation, and the type of Design-Build dispute induction from compliance dispute case, analyze the causes of the dispute, discussion public sector for the crux of the problem, further discussion of contract changes, Order to be able reduce the authorities and the contractors shall cognitive differences when the contract changes, research appropriate manner of design review, comparison of the model Design-Build contract terms and the terms of FIDIC Silver Book, expectations related to improving views on the content of the Design-Build contract template as suggestion for future reference of agencies concerned.

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"Designing For The Individual User: A Test Study for a 1:1 User-Centric Solution to the Problem of sEMG in the Forearm". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14858.

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abstract: All too often, industrial designers face seemingly intractable obstacles as they endeavor to, as Simon (1996, p. 111) describes, devise "courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones." These problems, described by Rittel and Webber (1973) as "wicked," are insurmountable due to the contradictory and changing nature of their requirements. I argue that that industrial design (ID) is largely subject to Rittel's quandary because of its penchant for producing single solutions for large populations; such design solutions are bound, in some senses, to fail due to the contradictory and changing nature of large and, thus, inherently diverse populations. This one-size-fits-all approach is not a necessary attribute of ID, rather, it is a consequence of the time in which it came into being, specifically, the period of industrial mass production. Fortunately, new, agile manufacturing techniques, inexpensive sensors, and machine learning provide an alternative course for ID to take, but it requires a new way of thinking and it requires a new set of methods, which I will elaborate in this thesis. According to Duguay, Landry, and Pasin (1997), we are entering an age where it will be feasible to produce individualized, one-off products from large-scale industrial manufacturing facilities in a way that is not only cost effective, but in many ways as cost effective as the existing techniques of mass production. By availing ourselves of these opportunities, we can tame the problem, not by defeating Rittel's logic, rather by reducing the extent to which his theories are appropriate to the domain of ID. This thesis also describes a test study: an experiment whose design was guided by the proposed design methodologies. The goal of the experiment was to determine the feasibility of a noninvasive system for measuring the health of the forearm muscles. Such a tool would provide the basis for assessing the true impact and possible pathogeny of the manual use of products or modifications to products. Previously, it was considered impossible to use surface electromyography (as opposed to needle or wire based electromyography) to assess muscular activity and muscular health due to the complexity of the arrangement of muscles in the forearm. Attempts to overcome this problem have failed because they have tried to create a single solution for all people. My hypothesis is that, by designing for each individual, a solution may be found. Specifically, I show that, for any given individual, there is a high correlation between the EMG signal and the movements of the fingers that, ostensibly, those muscles control. In other words, by knowing, with great accuracy, the position and the motion of the hand then it would become possible to disambiguate the mixed signals coming from the complex web of muscles in the forearm and enable the assessment of the forearm's health by non-invasive means.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S.D. Design 2012

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