Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Design problem solutions

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Design problem solutions”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Design problem solutions"

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MA, Henry, i Amelie CHAN. "Demystification of Design Thinking in Problem-solving". 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, nr 1 (9.12.2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(141).

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As one of the key components in design discipline, Design Thinking has regained its popularity in the last decade (Dunne & Martin, 2006; Cooper, Junginger & Lockwood, 2009; Kimbell, 2011). However, this did not occur in design schools or in design professions; rather, it occurred in other disciplines—like business. Some business schools and business organizations consider Design Thinking an effective method or process to generate innovative solutions for resolving complex or wicked problems (Davis, 2010; Dorst, 2011; Glen, Suciu & Baughn, 2014). Whether they be for-profit or non-profit, many organizations also use the Design Thinking process when making strategic decisions or solving problems. In order to solve a problem in an efficient and effective manner, traditional thinking and cognitive studies suggest the prevailing way to solve a problem is to follow an orderly and linear process that work from the problem to the solution. The logic starts by understanding the problem through analyzing the problem situation. After identifying the definition of the problem, one can formulates some possible solutions. The optional solutions are evaluated and the best will be chosen to implement and transform the situation to the specific goal. Keywords: Design Thinking, Traditional Problem-solving, Creativity, Wicked Problems
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Studer, Jaryn A., Shanna R. Daly, Seda McKilligan i Colleen M. Seifert. "Evidence of problem exploration in creative designs". Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, nr 4 (5.10.2018): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060418000124.

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AbstractDesign problems are often presented as structured briefs with detailed constraints and requirements, suggesting a fixed definition. However, past studies have identified the importance of exploring design problems for creative design outcomes. Previous protocol studies of designers has shown that problems can “co-evolve” with the development of solutions during the design process. But to date, little evidence has been provided abouthowdesigners systematically explore presented problems to create better solutions. In this study, we conducted a qualitative analysis of 252 design problems collected from publically available sources, including award-winning product designs and open-source design competitions. This database offers an independent sample of presented problems, designers’ alternative problem descriptions, and innovative solutions. We report the results of this large-scale qualitative analysis aimed at characterizing changes to problems during the design process. Inductive coding was used to identify content patterns in “discovered” problem descriptions, with qualitative codes reliably scored by two independent coders. A total of 32 distinct patterns of problem exploration were identified across designers and presented problems. Each pattern is described in the form of a generalized strategy to guide designers as they explore problem spaces. The exploration patterns identified in this study are the first empirical evidence of problem exploration in independent design problems. Further, the presence of exploration patterns in discovered problems is associated with the selection of the corresponding solution as a challenge finalist. These empirically identified strategies for problem exploration may be useful for computational tools supporting designers.
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Su, Ching Long, i Yann Yean Su. "Design an Optimizing Cooperative Particle Swarm Application". Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (luty 2011): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.1129.

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study seeks to solve the optimization problem of different engineering designs by using nonlinear mixed integer programming mode. In the past, this type of engineering design optimization problem has been widely studied and discussed. They are usually solved through mathematical programming method or heuristics. However, there are more constraints and more constraints that cannot be satisfied. In solving this type of problems, we used a penalty guided cooperative particle swarm optimization to avoid the disadvantage of decreased efficiency from the increase of search spatial dimension and to raise the efficiency. In resolving the problems of five engineering design problems, including system reliability design and machine parts design problem, the data from the study indicate that the solutions from cooperative particle swarm optimization are equal or better than the best-known solutions from past literature. Thus, the results of this study show that cooperative particle swarm optimization is another effective method to find solutions to optimization problems.
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Maher, Mary Lou. "Evolving a design focus in response to design solutions". Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 10, nr 2 (kwiecień 1996): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001451.

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Most computer-based design tools assume designers work with a well-defined problem. The traditional treatment of design as two discrete phases; problem formulation and solution synthesis, is challenged by recent research. Though the view on discrete phases may be applicable to simple and/or well-defined design tasks, current research (Jonas, 1993; Logan & Smithers, 1993; Gero, 1994; Smithers et al., 1994) has shown that design is an ill-structured problem and the discrete phases view is not a good description of the process during which design alternatives are generated. A potential role of machine learning techniques is to provide a computational model of the changing representation of the design problem in response to the search for design solutions.
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Casakin, Hernan. "Factors of Design Problem-Solving and Their Contribution to Creativity". Open House International 33, nr 1 (1.03.2008): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2008-b0005.

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Design problems are unique, complex, and ambiguous. They are considered to be non-routine and ill-structured. Since these kinds of problems require the production of innovative solutions, design problem-solving involves creative thinking. Creativity is concerned with the capacity to restructure old ideas to produce novel solutions, and the ability to search for unusual design alternatives that transcend the known and familiar. In the recent years, there were attempts to gain insight in problem-solving activities that demand creativity, such as design. A question addressed in the current empirical research is how design students assess creativity in architectural design while solving housing problems. Redefining the role of housing in the contemporary city was a main concern. Major factors of design problem-solving, and their contribution to creativity are analyzed. Results revealed that restructuring of housing design problems was the most significant factor of design problem-solving, followed by search of design solutions. Retrieval of prior knowledge from memory was the weakest factor. Furthermore, innovation was the most significant factor characterizing design creativity, followed by utility and aesthetics. Additional findings showed that restructuring of housing problems was the most correlated factor, and the predictor that had a unique contribution to all creativity factors. Search of housing solutions was a predictor that contributed mainly to innovation.
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Bonneau, Mathieu, Régis Sabbadin, Fred A. Johnson i Bradley Stith. "Dynamic minimum set problem for reserve design: Heuristic solutions for large problems". PLOS ONE 13, nr 3 (15.03.2018): e0193093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193093.

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Jaroslav Janáček, Michal Koháni, Dobroslav Grygar i René Fabricius. "Two Objective Public Service System Design Problem". Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, nr 4 (1.10.2021): E68—E75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.4.e68-e75.

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The public service system serves population spread over a geographical area from a given number of service centers. One of the possible approaches to the problem with two or more simultaneously applied contradicting objectives is determination of the so-called Pareto front, i.e. set of all the feasible non-dominated solutions. The Pareto front determination represents a crucial computational deal, when a large public service system is designed using an exact method. This process complexity evoked an idea to use an evolutionary metaheuristic, which can build up a set of non-dominated solution continuously in the form of an elite set. Nevertheless, the latter approach does not assure that the resulting set of solutions represents the true Pareto front of the multi-objective problem solutions. Within this paper, authors deal with both approaches to evaluate the difference between the exact and heuristic approaches.
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De Keijzer, B., T. B. Klos i Y. Zhang. "Finding Optimal Solutions for Voting Game Design Problems". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 50 (22.05.2014): 105–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4109.

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In many circumstances where multiple agents need to make a joint decision, voting is used to aggregate the agents' preferences. Each agent's vote carries a weight, and if the sum of the weights of the agents in favor of some outcome is larger than or equal to a given quota, then this outcome is decided upon. The distribution of weights leads to a certain distribution of power. Several `power indices' have been proposed to measure such power. In the so-called inverse problem, we are given a target distribution of power, and are asked to come up with a game in the form of a quota, plus an assignment of weights to the players whose power distribution is as close as possible to the target distribution (according to some specied distance measure). Here we study solution approaches for the larger class of voting game design (VGD) problems, one of which is the inverse problem. In the general VGD problem, the goal is to find a voting game (with a given number of players) that optimizes some function over these games. In the inverse problem, for example, we look for a weighted voting game that minimizes the distance between the distribution of power among the players and a given target distribution of power (according to a given distance measure). Our goal is to find algorithms that solve voting game design problems exactly, and we approach this goal by enumerating all games in the class of games of interest. We first present a doubly exponential algorithm for enumerating the set of simple games. We then improve on this algorithm for the class of weighted voting games and obtain a quadratic exponential (i.e., 2^O(n^2)) algorithm for enumerating them. We show that this improved algorithm runs in output-polynomial time, making it the fastest possible enumeration algorithm up to a polynomial factor. Finally, we propose an exact anytime-algorithm that runs in exponential time for the power index weighted voting game design problem (the `inverse problem'). We implement this algorithm to find a weighted voting game with a normalized Banzhaf power distribution closest to a target power index, and perform experiments to obtain some insights about the set of weighted voting games. We remark that our algorithm is applicable to optimizing any exponential-time computable function, the distance of the normalized Banzhaf index to a target power index is merely taken as an example.
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Bariani, Giovanni M., Rafael Lopes Ribeiro, Leonardo de Morais Soares i Artur Katz. "Creating solutions through design thinking." Journal of Global Oncology 5, suppl (7.10.2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2019.5.suppl.20.

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20 Background: In recent years the impact of technology has marked a major transformation in the way society produces and generates services. Several initiatives have been developed in the health area to face this new reality. A major oncology center in Brazil carried out a project based on Design Thinking with the objective of understanding the current scenario and promoting innovative solutions for the care of cancer patients. Methods: Design Thinking is the set of ideas and insights to address problems related to information acquisition, knowledge analysis and proposal of solutions. This process took place in four stages designated as empathise (approach to the context of the problem and data collection), define (synthesis of collected information, and organization of insights in order to standardize and better understand the problem), ideate (stimulation of creativity and generation of solutions) and prototype (validation of the ideas). Results: A total of 130 interviews were carried out with hospital personnel and 46 with patients and caregivers, as well as workshops to develop the project activities. Twenty-six projects were generated, and the priorities differed according to personnel and patients. Among the projects are financial consultancy; predictability of the total cost of treatment; diversification of payment methods; customization of the food menu offered to patients; promotion of entertainment activities during waiting periods in the practice; increase interactivity of chemotherapy rooms; improvement of services offered to international patients; and development of digital tools that provide reliable information about cancer, promotes patient autonomy and strengthens patient’s relationship with the hospital personnel. Conclusions: There is a growing need to modernize oncology practices creating new products and services. The opinion of hospital personnel and patients diverged about priorities. The former have chosen projects to improve facilities and design new roles for the team while the latter have given their best evaluations to new systems and services. For patients using digital media is not only welcome but also necessary attributes to provide more information and increase their autonomy.
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Beernaert, Torben, Pascal Etman, Maarten De Bock, Ivo Classen i Marco De Baar. "TRACING THE EMERGENCE OF DESIGN PROBLEMS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS". Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27.07.2021): 3229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.584.

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AbstractThe design of ITER, a large-scale nuclear fusion reactor, is intertwined with profound research and development efforts. Tough problems call for novel solutions, but the low maturity of those solutions can lead to unexpected problems. If designers keep solving such emergent problems in iterative design cycles, the complexity of the resulting design is bound to increase. Instead, we want to show designers the sources of emergent design problems, so they may be dealt with more effectively. We propose to model the interplay between multiple problems and solutions in a problem network. Each problem and solution is then connected to a dynamically changing engineering model, a graph of physical components. By analysing the problem network and the engineering model, we can (1) derive which problem has emerged from which solution and (2) compute the contribution of each design effort to the complexity of the evolving engineering model. The method is demonstrated for a sequence of problems and solutions that characterized the early design stage of an optical subsystem of ITER.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Design problem solutions"

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Alaqra, Ala Sarah. "The Wicked Problem of Privacy : Design Challenge for Crypto-based Solutions". Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67134.

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Data privacy has been growing in importance in recent years, especially with the continuous increase of online activity. Researchers study, design, and develop solutions aimed at enhancing users’ data privacy. The wicked problem of data privacy is a continuous challenge that defies straightforward solutions. Since there are many factors involved in data privacy, such as technological, legal, and human aspects, we can only aim at mitigating rather than solving this wicked problem. Our aim was to focus on human aspects for designing usable crypto-based privacy-enhancing solutions.  In this thesis, we followed a user centered design method by using empirical qualitative means for investigating user’s perceptions and opinions of our solutions. Most of our work has focused on redactable signatures in the cloud context within the eHealth use-case. Redactable signatures are  a privacy enhancing scheme allowing to remove parts of a signed document by a specified party for achieving data minimization without invalidating the respective signature. We mainly used semi-structures interviews and focus groups in our investigations. Our results yielded key HCI considerations as well as guidelines of different means for supporting the design of future solutions.
Data privacy has been growing in importance in recent years, especially with the continuous increase of online activity. Researchers continuously study, design, and develop solutions aimed at enhancing users’ data privacy. The wicked problem of data privacy is the continuous challenge that defies straightforward solutions. Since there are many factors involved in data privacy, such as technological, legal, and human aspects, we can only aim at mitigating rather than solving this wicked problem. Our aim was to focus on human aspects for designing usable crypto-based privacy-enhancing solutions.  In this thesis, we followed a user centered design method by using empirical qualitative means for investigating user’s perceptions and opinions of our solutions. Most of our work has focused on redactable signatures in the cloud context within an eHealth use-case. Redactable signatures are a privacy-enhancing scheme, which allow the removal of parts of a signed document by a specified party without invalidating the respective signature. Our results yielded key HCI considerations as well as guidelines of different means for supporting the design of future solutions.

Paper 3 was included as manuscript in the thesis.

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Tracy, Peter, i n/a. "Design and Problem-Finding in High Schools: a Study of Students and Their Teacher in One Queensland school". Griffith University. School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051110.154602.

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The study challenges current literature, which views the notion of problem-finding as the initial identification of a problem to be solved. The concept of problem-finding in this study is that problem-finding continues throughout the problem-solving process and is not distinct from it. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of problem-finding by examining high school students using problem-finding to solve industrial design problems. The study seeks to find out what types of problem-finding exist and what roles they play in solving design problems. To explore problem-finding, this study uses a Think Aloud methodology to examine the thinking of three high school industrial design students and one high school industrial design teacher solving an authentic industrial design problem. Protocol data was gathered from the subjects and then transcribed, segmented and analysed in three ways, each of which became progressively more specific: Firstly, a macroscopic examination which identified problem-finding episodes occurring throughout the design process; secondly, a microscopic examination which identified four categories of problem-finding; and lastly, a microscopic examination which looked at the role played by the different problem-finding categories in solving design problems. The findings of this study are fourfold. Firstly, problem-finding was found to be used throughout the entire design process. Secondly, there were four categories of problemfinding. Thirdly, each category played an important role predominantly through interaction with other categories. Lastly, the more experienced a person was, the more able they were to use problem-finding effectively to solve design problems. Many current practices use trial and error methods to solve design problems. The importance of this study is that through a better understanding of problem-finding, designers may be able to use metacognitive strategies more efficiently in the process. Similarly, in educational practice, high school design students may be able to learn to think about the methods they use to solve design problems, and this may result in more creative designs.
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Tracy, Peter. "Design and Problem-Finding in High Schools: a Study of Students and Their Teacher in One Queensland school". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366469.

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The study challenges current literature, which views the notion of problem-finding as the initial identification of a problem to be solved. The concept of problem-finding in this study is that problem-finding continues throughout the problem-solving process and is not distinct from it. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of problem-finding by examining high school students using problem-finding to solve industrial design problems. The study seeks to find out what types of problem-finding exist and what roles they play in solving design problems. To explore problem-finding, this study uses a Think Aloud methodology to examine the thinking of three high school industrial design students and one high school industrial design teacher solving an authentic industrial design problem. Protocol data was gathered from the subjects and then transcribed, segmented and analysed in three ways, each of which became progressively more specific: Firstly, a macroscopic examination which identified problem-finding episodes occurring throughout the design process; secondly, a microscopic examination which identified four categories of problem-finding; and lastly, a microscopic examination which looked at the role played by the different problem-finding categories in solving design problems. The findings of this study are fourfold. Firstly, problem-finding was found to be used throughout the entire design process. Secondly, there were four categories of problemfinding. Thirdly, each category played an important role predominantly through interaction with other categories. Lastly, the more experienced a person was, the more able they were to use problem-finding effectively to solve design problems. Many current practices use trial and error methods to solve design problems. The importance of this study is that through a better understanding of problem-finding, designers may be able to use metacognitive strategies more efficiently in the process. Similarly, in educational practice, high school design students may be able to learn to think about the methods they use to solve design problems, and this may result in more creative designs.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education
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Lösche, Frank. "Investigating the moment when solutions emerge in problem solving". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/12838.

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At some point during a creative action something clicks, suddenly the prospective problem solver just knows the solution to a problem, and a feeling of joy and relief arises. This phenomenon, called Eureka experience, insight, Aha moment, hunch, epiphany, illumination, or serendipity, has been part of human narrations for thousands of years. It is the moment of a subjective experience, a surprising, and sometimes a life-changing event. In this thesis, I narrow down this moment 1. conceptually, 2. experientially, and 3. temporally. The concept of emerging solutions has a multidisciplinary background in Cognitive Science, Arts, Design, and Engineering. Through the discussion of previous terminology and comparative reviews of historical literature, I identify sources of ambiguity surrounding this phenomenon and suggest unifying terms as the basis for interdisciplinary exploration. Tracking the experience based on qualitative data from 11 creative practitioners, I identify conflicting aspects of existing models of creative production. To bridge this theoretical and disciplinary divide between iterative design thinking and sequential models of creativity, I suggest a novel multi-layered model. Empirical support for this proposal comes from Dira, a computer-based open-ended experimental paradigm. As part of this thesis I developed the task and 40 unique sets of stimuli and response items to collect dynamic measures of the creative process and evade known problems of insightful tasks. Using Dira, I identify the moment when solutions emerge from the number and duration of mouse-interactions with the on-screen elements and the 124 participants' self-reports. I provide an argument for the multi-layered model to explain a discrepancy between the timing observed in Dira and existing sequential models. Furthermore, I suggest that Eureka moments can be assessed on more than a dichotomous scale, as the empirical data from interviews and Dira demonstrates for this rich human experience. I conclude that the research on insight benefits from an interdisciplinary approach and suggest Dira as an instrument for future studies.
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O'Brien, Erin A. "An Analysis of Designer Problem-Solving in Addressing Overconsumption of Clothing". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1601029403307031.

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Furuhashi, Takeshi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa i Fumiya Kudo. "A Study on Analysis of Design Variables in Pareto Solutions for Conceptual Design Optimization Problem of Hybrid Rocket Engine". IEEE, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20699.

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Fabbri, Luca. "Computing primal solutions with exact arithmetics in SCIP". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8541/.

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The research for exact solutions of mixed integer problems is an active topic in the scientific community. State-of-the-art MIP solvers exploit a floating- point numerical representation, therefore introducing small approximations. Although such MIP solvers yield reliable results for the majority of problems, there are cases in which a higher accuracy is required. Indeed, it is known that for some applications floating-point solvers provide falsely feasible solutions, i.e. solutions marked as feasible because of approximations that would not pass a check with exact arithmetic and cannot be practically implemented. The framework of the current dissertation is SCIP, a mixed integer programs solver mainly developed at Zuse Institute Berlin. In the same site we considered a new approach for exactly solving MIPs. Specifically, we developed a constraint handler to plug into SCIP, with the aim to analyze the accuracy of provided floating-point solutions and compute exact primal solutions starting from floating-point ones. We conducted a few computational experiments to test the exact primal constraint handler through the adoption of two main settings. Analysis mode allowed to collect statistics about current SCIP solutions' reliability. Our results confirm that floating-point solutions are accurate enough with respect to many instances. However, our analysis highlighted the presence of numerical errors of variable entity. By using the enforce mode, our constraint handler is able to suggest exact solutions starting from the integer part of a floating-point solution. With the latter setting, results show a general improvement of the quality of provided final solutions, without a significant loss of performances.
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Wikström, Stephanie, i Simon Huisman. "The infant incubator from a hygienic and HTO perspective : Using ATP luminescence to identify problem areas and suggesting solutions". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173746.

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Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) are a major problem in healthcare today. Preterm infants have problems keeping their body temperature within normal boundaries due to heat-loss. They therefore need special care that is administered with the help of incubators, which help minimise the heat loss via convection. Within neonatology the incubator has been identified as one of the contributing factors to HCAI due to the warm and humid environment, making it easy to spread nosocomial flora. To assess if the incubator is a factor in the spreading of HCAI this project has focused on ATP+AMP (total ATP) luminescence measurements to find areas in the incubator that are likely to contribute to the spread of HCAI and suggesting solutions to some of these. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is found in both organic debris and bacteria and is therefore a good indicator of a problem area due to organic debris acting as nutrients. Only the incubator box of the Giraffe® OmniBed® incubator was studied. The cleaning process was observed on multiple occasions and together with interviews resulted in a number of 29 hypothesised problem areas, on or within the incubator box, that were measured before and after cleaning. The results show that incubators collect a substantial amount of total ATP during its use. Measurements also show that parts that are cleaned by a disinfector are cleaner than those parts that are cleaned manually. Areas on the main compartment became more contaminated after cleaning which further indicated that the design of the incubator needs improving. It was also concluded that there often was residue from soap left on the surface of the main compartment resulting in inhibition of the total ATP luminescence reaction. This resulted in unrealistic low values due to the inclusion of foam and soap in the sample and as a result 45 out of 570 measurements were excluded. Caution is advised when using the Kikkoman total ATP luminescence method, especially on the main body (chassis) of the incubator. A steam vapour cleaner and flask cleanser brush could be used to better reach and clean areas such as cavities and around the bed heating element. The use of the steam vapour cleaner could also diminish or eliminate the use of surface disinfectant that causes red irritated eyes and dizziness in the cleaning staff. The functionality of the incubator was found to be excellent but major improvements can be made in the incubator design to make the cleaning of the incubator easier.
Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är ett stort problem inom vården idag. För tidigt födda barn (prematurer) har problem att hålla sin kroppstemperatur inom normala gränser på grund av ökad värmeförlust. De behöver därför särskild vård som ges med hjälp av kuvöser, vilka bidrar till att minimera värmeförluster som sker via konvektion. Kuvösen som används inom neonatologin har identifierats som en av de bidragande faktorerna till VRI på grund av den varma och fuktiga miljön,  vilken gör det lätt för mikroorganismer att föröka sig. För att bedöma i vilken utsträckning kuvösen är en faktor i spridningen av VRI har detta examensarbete genomfört ATP+AMP (total ATP) luminiscens-mätningar för att på så vis möjliggöra identifieringen av problemområden i kuvösen samt presentera lösningar till en del av dessa. ATP återfinns i både organisk materia och bakterier och är därför en bra indikator på ett problemområde på grund av att organisk materia agerar som näringsämne för bakterier. Enbart kuvösboxen tillhörande Giraffe® OmniBed® kuvösen testades i denna studie. Rengöringsprocessen av kuvösen observerades vid ett flertal tillfällen. Tillsammans med intervjuer resulterade detta i 29 förmodade problemområden belägna på eller inne i kuvösboxen. Dessa ställen mättes före och efter rengöring. Studien utfördes på neonatalavdelningen på Karolinska sjukhuset i Solna. Mätningar visade att delar som rengörs med en diskdesinfektor är mindre kontaminerade än de delar som rengörs manuellt. Flertalet områden på karossen blev mer kontaminerade efter rengöring vilket indikerade att utformningen av kuvösen behöver förbättras. Det var ofta tvålrester kvar på ytan av karossen, vilket resulterade i hämning av total ATP luminiscens-reaktion. Detta ledde till orealistiskt låga värden och att 45 av 570 mätningar exkluderades. Försiktighet bör iakttas vid användning av total ATP luminiscens-metoden, med Kikkomans LuciPac Pen, då sannolikheten för tvålrester ökar vid mätningar på karossen i kuvösen.  En ångrengörare och flaskborste skulle kunna användas för att bättre nå och rengöra problemområden, såsom hålrum och runt värmeelementet i botten av chassit. Dessa redskap behöver dock utvärderas i framtida studier. Användningen av ångrengörare kan också minska eller eliminera användningen av ytdesinfektion, som orsakar röda irriterande ögon och yrsel hos städpersonal, om effektiviteten uppmätts hålla sjukhusets krav på renhet. Funktionaliteten hos kuvösen fanns vara utmärkt, men förbättringar behövs i utformningen av kuvösen för att möjligöra effektivare, lättare och bättre rengöring.
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Broadbent, P. J. "A computer solution to parachute design problems". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34746.

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In this thesis a Pascal computer program is presented which calculates a proposed design of parachute from some simple input parameters, of the type specified by a customer to a parachute company. The program reduces by a significant degree time spent by parachute engineers in the preliminary design stages. Parachute design is a process which (in common with much engineering design) can be regarded as consisting of a number of separate calculations. The most suitable method (or methods) for each calculation were selected after a thorough investigation of parachute design techniques. The chosen methods must be sufficiently accurate and readily conform to a computer treatment. The data required by the program have been collected from various sources and are stored in a number of files on a floppy disk. The program is applied to requirements received by a parachute company and results obtained compared with the actual parachutes designed. The program is highly interactive with the user who is able to dispute its selection of values for various parameters. Because the designer can make a rapid and objective choice between a number of methods for various calculations, the existence of this program contributes to his knowledge of the relevance of the parameters involved in, and his understanding of, parachute design. Examples of these techniques are given in the text. Possibilities for expanding and improving the program exist in a number of areas. In some cases the data required for a particular parachute or particular design methods are not available or do not exist. Provision has been made for such data to be included in the program when they are received.
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Lucas, Tamara J. H. "Formulation and solution of hierarchical decision support problems". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17291.

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Książki na temat "Design problem solutions"

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McGee, Hugh W. Practical highway design solutions. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2013.

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Logomania: 1 problem ; 31 solutions (plus other stuff). Gloucester, MA: Rockport, 2006.

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Tetior, A. N. Ėkositi: Problemy, reshenii︠a︡ = Ecocity : problems, solutions. Moskva: [s.n.], 2005.

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Silverlight 4: Problem, design, solution. Indianapolis, Ind: Wiley, 2010.

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DotNetNuke websites: Problem, design, solution. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub., Inc., 2008.

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Butler, Janet G. Managing the Year 2000 crisis: Strategies and solutions. Charleston, SC: Computer Technology Research Corp., 1999.

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Bellinaso, Marco. ASP.NET website programming: Problem, design, solution. Birmingham: Wrox, 2002.

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1975-, Hoffman Kevin, red. ASP.NET website programming: Problem, design, solution. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub., 2003.

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Design problems, frames and innovative solutions. Amsterdam: Ios Press, 2009.

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ASP.NET 2.0 Website programming: Problem-design-solution. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Technology Pub., 2006.

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Części książek na temat "Design problem solutions"

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Jureta, Ivan. "Advisor’s Problem and Its Solutions". W Analysis and Design of Advice, 207–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18059-0_6.

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Schütze, Oliver, Massimiliano Vasile i Carlos A. Coello Coello. "Approximate Solutions in Space Mission Design". W Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN X, 805–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87700-4_80.

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Macho, E., O. Altuzarra, C. Pinto i A. Hernandez. "Transitions between Multiple Solutions of the Direct Kinematic Problem". W Advances in Robot Kinematics: Analysis and Design, 301–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8600-7_32.

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Maher, M. L., i A. Gómez de Silva Garza. "Adapting Problem Specifications and Design Solutions Using Co-evolution". W Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture V, 257–71. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-345-9_22.

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Taillard, Éric D. "Local Search". W Design of Heuristic Algorithms for Hard Optimization, 103–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13714-3_5.

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AbstractImprovement methods constitute the backbone of most metaheuristics. These methods repeatedly perform slight, local modifications on a current solution to the problem. Hence, for any solution, a set of neighbor solutions must be defined. Clearly, the definition of this set depends on the problem modeling. However, a natural neighborhood may turn out to be either too small to lead to quality solutions or too large, inducing prohibitive calculation times. Various approaches have been proposed to enlarge the neighborhood, such as the filter and fan method or the ejection chains. For reducing the neighborhood size, typical strategies are the granular search and the candidate list.
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Gaier, Adam, James Stoddart, Lorenzo Villaggi i Peter J. Bentley. "T-DominO". W Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 263–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14721-0_19.

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AbstractReal-world design problems are a messy combination of constraints, objectives, and features. Exploring these problem spaces can be defined as a Multi-Criteria Exploration (MCX) problem, whose goals are to produce a set of diverse solutions with high performance across many objectives, while avoiding low performance across any objectives. Quality-Diversity algorithms produce the needed design variation, but typically consider only a single objective. We present a new ranking, T-DominO, specifically designed to handle multiple objectives in MCX problems. T-DominO ranks individuals relative to other solutions in the archive, favoring individuals with balanced performance over those which excel at a few objectives at the cost of the others. Keeping only a single balanced solution in each MAP-Elites bin maintains the visual accessibility of the archive – a strong asset for design exploration. We illustrate our approach on a set of easily understood benchmarks, and showcase its potential in a many-objective real-world architecture case study.
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Hanifi, Masih, Hicham Chibane, Remy Houssin i Denis Cavallucci. "Application of an FMEA Based Method to Prioritize the Initial Problem Choices in Inventive Design". W Creative Solutions for a Sustainable Development, 233–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86614-3_19.

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Diagnestya, Tika, i Jackie Chee Wei Yap. "Sustainable Cooking: Beyond the Cooking Problem with the Lens of Human-Centred Design". W Sustainable Energy Solutions for Remote Areas in the Tropics, 11–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41952-3_2.

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Chebouba, Billal Nazim, Mohamed Arezki Mellal i Smail Adjerid. "Multi-objective Reliability Optimization of a Pharmaceutical Plant by NSGA-II". W Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 250–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_27.

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AbstractThis work addresses the use of a MO optimization algorithm to deal with the reliability optimization problem in order to determine the redundancy and reliability of each component in the system. Often, these problems are formulated as a single-objective problem with mixed variables (real-integer) and is subject to various design constraints. Classical solution approaches were limited to deal with these problems and most recent solution approaches are based on nature-inspired optimization algorithms which belong to artificial intelligence (AI). In the present paper, the problem is solved as a MO optimization problem through the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to generate the set of optimal solutions, also called Pareto. The latter helps the decision-maker. The case studied consists of a pharmaceutical plant.
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Moug, Vincent, i Indae Hwang. "Data Visualisation Prototypes for Problem Definition in the Design of Accessible Transport Solutions". W Intelligent Systems Reference Library, 207–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64722-3_12.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Design problem solutions"

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Srinivasan, S., V. Kamakoti i A. Bhattacharya. "Towards Quick Solutions for Generalized Placement Problem". W 2011 International Symposium on Electronic System Design (ISED). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ised.2011.21.

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Liu, Y. C., A. Chakrabarti i T. P. Bligh. "Transforming Functional Solutions Into Physical Solutions". W ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dtm-8768.

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Abstract The problem addressed is an issue of developing physical embodiments from a set of spatial configurations. These configurations are generated by a software program, FuncSION, for generating a wide range of concepts for mechanical design problems in conceptual design. The method for transforming functional solutions to physical embodiments, consists of three steps: (1) to develop the relationships between each functional element and its physical embodiments, (2) to build the rule for ensuring interface compatibility between any two connecting objects, and (3) to develop reasoning procedures to replace each functional element in a spatial configuration with all its possible physical embodiments. Using this method, alternative physical embodiments for this spatial configuration can be found. The outcome of the method is the presentation of physical embodiments, which leads to an improved visualisation of the spatial configurations, and an increase in the number of possible concepts.
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Chang, Ching Yu, Jorge Angeles i Max Antonio González-Palacios. "A Semigraphical Method for the Solution of the Burmester Problem". W ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0134.

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Abstract The determination of the planar four-bar linkage intended to guide a rigid body through five finitely-separated configurations is known as the Burmester Problem. This is a nonlinear problem that involves finding the roots of a system of four bilinear equations in four unknowns. When solving this problem numerically, for it is evasive to other means, issues such as numerical conditioning, multiplicity of solutions and singularities must be considered. Here we present a semigraphical method of solution that reduces the problem to finding the intersections of two contours in the x-y plane of motion. The method not only produces all real solutions, by simple inspection, but also provides information about the numerical conditioning of those solutions.
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Luttrell, Paul, Matt Drummonds, Matt Ervin, Jacob Sluder, Evan Weeks, Joseph Biernacki, Satish Mahajan, Stephen Parke i Chris Wilson. "MEMS Design Course Solutions to the Tennessee Trash Problem". W 2008 17th Biennial University/Government/Industry Micro/Nano Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ugim.2008.59.

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Brock, Harvey R., Sridhar S. Condoor i Christian P. Burger. "Development of Design Skills Through Employment of Open-Ended Problems". W ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0022.

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Abstract With the recent increased concern about the design and problem solving needs of U.S. industry, and academia’s inability to address them, there has arisen a desire to incorporate open-ended problems in engineering education. In the initial stages most, if not all, real-world engineering problems are ill-defined, and have several acceptable solutions, i.e. they are open ended. Yet, our students get very little practice in finding solutions for this type of problem. Correcting this weakness in engineering curricula is hampered by misconceptions about, and inexperience with, these types of problems. As a consequence, educators often attempt to modify typical well defined example problems by expanding their scope, but still taking care to insure that the solution domains are closely circumscribed and well defined. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the main features of open-ended problems and their utility in design education. Such problems are characterized by incomplete or inconsistent information, no evident solution strategy, non-unique solutions, and often poorly understood goals. A real-world open ended design problem will be contrasted with its’ typical engineering education counterpart. This paper attempts to provide the necessary insights to aid in the formulation and selection of effective open ended problems for use in engineering education.
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Chiaraviglio, Luca, Fabio D'Andreagiovanni, Giulio Sidoretti, Nicola Blefari-Melazzi i Stefano Salsano. "Optimal design of 5G superfluid networks: Problem formulation and solutions". W 2018 21st Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks and Workshops (ICIN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icin.2018.8401628.

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Noble, Ben, i Julian J. Wu. "Steady State Solutions to a Forced Nonlinear Oscillator: A Comparison of Results Using a Generalized Harmonic Balance Method and by Numerical Integrations". W ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0031.

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Abstract Steady state solutions for nonlinear dynamic problems are interesting because (1) the long time behaviors of many problems are of practical concern, and, (2) these behaviors are often difficult to predict. This paper first presents a brief description of a generalized harmonic balance method (GHB) for steady state solutions to nonlinear problems via a nonlinear oscillator problem with a quadratic nonlinearity. Using this approach, steady state solutions are obtained for problems with several parameters: damping, nonlinearity and frequency (subharmonic, superharmonic and primary resonance). These results, plotted in time evolution curves and phase diagrams are compared with those obtained by numerically integrating the original differential equations. The effect of initial conditions on long time solutions is discussed. This investigation indicates that (1) the GHB steady state is an excellent approximate solution to that of the original equation if such a solution is numerically stable, and (2) the GHB steady state simply indicates a region of instability when the numerical solution to the original equation, using a point in that region as the initial point, is unstable.
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Jacobs, Seth, Matthew Pfarr, Mohammad Fazelpour, Abdul Koroma i Tseday Mesfin. "Effect of Team Size on Problem-Solving and Solution Quality: An Empirical Study". W ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97719.

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Abstract The size of a team can affect how they tackle a design problem and solution quality. This paper presents a protocol study of the impact of team size on problem-solving and design solution quality. The protocols are coded with micro-strategies, and macro-strategies, and final solutions are scored using a rubric of meeting constraints, manufacturability, feasibility, and cost. The results show that the larger design team sizes analyze design solutions more frequently and propose solutions less than the smaller design teams. Among the three team sizes of 1, 3, and 5, the teams of three designers scored the best on final designs. These teams used a fair amount of both proposing solutions and analyzing solutions of micro-strategies. The teams of 5 designers use backtracking macro-strategies more frequent than teams of 3 and one because as the team size increases, more time is spent among team members to discuss previous ideas.
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Tucker, M., i N. D. Perreira. "Inverse Kinematics Solutions for General Spatial Linkages". W ASME 1987 Design Technology Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1987-0093.

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Abstract A procedure for obtaining solutions to the general inverse kinematics problem for both position and velocity is presented. Solutions to this problem are required for improved robot control and linkage synthesis. The procedure requires obtaining the inverse of the actual robot linkage Jacobian. A procedure to detect the presence of singularities in the Jacobians and their causes are given. Inverse solution techniques applicable to robots with less than, equal to, or greater than six degrees of freedom and their implementation to robots with various types of singularities is outlined. For each case, the implementation of both the complete Moore-Penrose inverse and a robot specific pseudo inverse are included. Although it is not necessary to use the complete Moore-Penrose inverse on any particular robot, it can be used to obtain generic inverse routines for general purpose applications.
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Venkataraman, P. "B-Spline Based Free Form Solutions of Nonlinear Systems". W ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57672.

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B-spline parametric curves provide alternative solutions to multipoint nonlinear systems. They solve the problem with less effort than traditional numerical techniques. The new approach demonstrated in this paper is natural and direct. It uses the least squared error technique to identify curves that satisfy the differential relations and boundary conditions. No state space integration is required. No Euler-Lagrange relations are to be satisfied and the Hamiltonian principle is not necessary. In addition, the solution can have properties that are currently not investigated or encouraged. This solution can also be analytically described. The problem set up is simple and is uniform over different classes of problems. The casual nature of problem definition and set up are demonstrated through three examples of increasing complexity: (i) Blassius two-point boundary-value problem (fluids); (ii) Brachistochrone problem (calculus of variation); and (iii) Planar trajectory interception problem (optimal control).
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Design problem solutions"

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Rosen, J. B. Global Minimum Solution of Engineering Design Problems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada247496.

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Lindquist, Joachim, i Henning de Haas. Creating Supply Chain Resilience Through Scenario Planning: How a Digital Twin Can Be Used To Enhance Supply Chain Resilience Through Scenario Planning. Aarhus University Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.435.

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This book focusses on the concept of supply chain disruptions and how supply chain resilience can contribute to both preparing for and reacting to the event causing disruption. For building a digital twin of a supply chain, a software named Supply Chain Guru has been used. The software is a supply chain design tool which can be used for different kinds of supply chain network optimisation. The book outlines four scenarios: Covid-19 lockdown, Brexit without deal, Conflagration at a dairy and Political regulations on transport. The scenarios all contain a problem that needs to be solved. This problem is considered as the main disruption for the supply chain. Running the scenario in Supply Chain Guru, constraints are added to the AS-IS model. The constraints are identified as implications of the event in the scenarios. By adding the constraints and running the model, Supply Chain Guru identifies suggestions to solve the problems which were described. The solutions within the scenarios are held up against the theory of supply chain resilience, to describe how the scenario planning can be used to enhance supply chain resilience. Finally, the book discuss how scenario planning can be related to supply chain resilience as well as how scenario planning can be used to increase supply chain resilience.
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Kavanagh, K. R., C. T. Kelley, C. T. Miller, C. E. Kees, R. M. Darwin, J. P. Reese, M. W. Farthing i M. S. Reed. Solution of a Well-Field Design Problem with Implicit Filtering. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454446.

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Liska, D., L. Carlisle, G. McCauley, S. Ellis, T. Ilg i P. Smith. Special design problems and solutions for high powered continuous duty linacs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6441088.

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Liska, D., L. Carlisle, G. McCauley, S. Ellis, T. Ilg i P. Smith. Special design problems and solutions for high powered continuous duty linacs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10158190.

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Whiting, M. A. Object-oriented design: Deriving conceptual solutions to large-scale information processing problems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6895465.

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Buyak, Bogdan B., Ivan M. Tsidylo, Victor I. Repskyi i Vitaliy P. Lyalyuk. Stages of Conceptualization and Formalization in the Design of the Model of the Neuro-Fuzzy Expert System of Professional Selection of Pupils. [б. в.], listopad 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2669.

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The article describes the problem of designing a neuro-fuzzy expert system of professional selection at the stages of conceptualization and formalization, which involves the definition of concepts, relationships and management mechanisms necessary to describe the solution of problems in the chosen subject field. The structural model of the decision making system for determining the professional selection of students for training in IT specialties is substantiated. Three subsystems are proposed as structural components for studying: psychological peculiarities, personal qualities, factual knowledge, abilities and skills of students. The quality of the system’s operation is determined by the use of various techniques for acquiring knowledge on the basis of which the knowledge base of the neuro-fuzzy system and the combination of the use of fuzzy and stochastic data will be formed.
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Dopfer, Jaqui. Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung bei diskursiven Konfliktlösungsverfahren auf regionaler Ebene. Potentielle Ansätze zur Nutzung von Risikokommunikation im Rahmen von e-Government. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.3933795605.

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Whereas at the end of the 20th century there were still high expectations associated with the use of new media in terms of a democratisation of social discourse and new potential for citizens to participate in political decision-making, disillusionment is now spreading. Even today, the internet is often seen only as a technical tool for the transmission of information and communication, which serves as a structural supplement to "real" discourse and decision-making processes. In fact, however, the use of new media can open up additional, previously non-existent possibilities for well-founded and substantial citizen participation, especially at regional and supra-regional level. According to the results of this study, the informal, mediative procedures for conflict resolution in the context of high-risk planning decisions, which are now also increasingly used at the regional level, have two main problem areas. Firstly, in the conception and design chosen so far, they do not offer citizens direct access to the procedure. Citizens are given almost no opportunities to exert substantial influence on the content and procedure of the process, or on the solutions found in the process. So far, this has not been remedied by the use of new media. On the other hand, it is becoming apparent that the results negotiated in the procedure are not, or only inadequately, reflected in the subsequent sovereign decision. This means that not only valuable resources for identifying the problem situation and for integrative problem-solving remain unused, but it is also not possible to realise the effects anticipated with the participation procedures within the framework of context or reflexive self-management. With the aim of advancing the development of institutionally oriented approaches at the practice level, this study discusses potential solutions at the procedural level. This takes into account legal implications as well as the action logics, motives and intentions of the actors involved and aims to improve e-government structures. It becomes evident that opening up informal participation procedures for citizen participation at the regional level can only be realised through the (targeted) use of new media. However, this requires a fundamentally new approach not only in the participation procedures carried out but also, for example, in the conception of information or communication offerings. Opportunities for improving the use of the results obtained from the informal procedures in the (sovereign) decision-making process as well as the development of potentials in the sense of stronger self-control of social subsystems are identified in a stronger interlinking of informal and sovereign procedures. The prerequisite for this is not only the establishment of suitable structures, but above all the willingness of decision-makers to allow citizens to participate in decision-making, as well as the granting of participation opportunities and rights that go beyond those previously granted in sovereign procedures.
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Huang, Cihang, Yen-Fang Su i Na Lu. Self-Healing Cementitious Composites (SHCC) with Ultrahigh Ductility for Pavement and Bridge Construction. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317403.

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Cracks and their formations in concrete structures have been a common and long-lived problem, mainly due to the intrinsic brittleness of the concrete. Concrete structures, such as rigid pavement and bridge decks, are prone to deformations and deteriorations caused by shrinkage, temperature fluctuation, and traffic load, which can affect their service life. Rehabilitation of concrete structures is expensive and challenging—not only from maintenance viewpoints but also because they cannot be used for services during maintenance. It is critical to significantly improve the ductility of concrete to overcome such issues and to enable better infrastructure quality. To this end, the self-healing cementitious composites (SHCC) investigated in this work could be a promising solution to the aforementioned problems. In this project, the team has designed a series of cementitious composites to investigate their mechanical performances and self-healing abilities. Firstly, various types of fibers were investigated for improving ductility of the designed SHCC. To enhance the self-healing of SHCC, we proposed and examined that the combination of the internal curing method with SHCC mixture design can further improve self-healing performance. Three types of internal curing agents were used on the SHCC mixture design, and their self-healing efficiency was evaluated by multiple destructive and non-destructive tests. Results indicated a significant improvement in the self-healing capacity with the incorporation of internal curing agents such as zeolite and lightweight aggregate. To control the fiber distribution and workability of the SHCC, the mix design was further adjusted by controlling rheology using different types of viscosity modifiers. The team also explored the feasibility of the incorporation of colloidal nano-silica into the mix design of SHCC. Results suggest that optimum amounts of nano-silica have positive influence on self-healing efficiency and mechanical properties of the SHCC. Better hydration was also achieved by adding the nano-silica. The bonding strength of the SHCC with conventional concrete was also improved. At last, a standardized mixing procedure for the large scale SHCC was drafted and proposed.
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Zhang, Cheng, i Yue Yang. Impact of adaptive design on reducing the duration of clinical trials in rare cancers: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0081.

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Review question / Objective: Whether the application of adaptive design in clinical trials of rare cancers can shorten the duration of clinical trials? Condition being studied: Currently, the development of innovative drug products (InMPs) for rare cancers faces many challenges, including the difficulty of enrolling sufficient numbers of patients from small and heterogeneous patient populations for clinical trials, and the significant risks of high financial investment, long development times and potential failure from a pharmaceutical company's perspective for rare cancer drugs due to limited knowledge of the natural history of the disease. Therefore, alternative approaches to clinical trial design are needed to conduct cost-effective, well-controlled analyses that can assess treatment effects in small, heterogeneous populations within shorter time frames. Adaptive trials, on the other hand, may be an effective solution to this problem. Adaptive clinical trials are designed to accelerate the clinical trial process by making predefined adjustments to key parameters through data accumulated at predefined time points during the trial without compromising the integrity and validity of the results.This study aims to examine the value of adaptive design in reducing the duration of clinical trials in rare cancers and encourage their wider implementation.
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Możesz być także zainteresowany rozszerzonymi bibliografiami na temat „Design problem solutions” dla poszczególnych typów źródeł:
Artykuły w czasopismach Rozprawy doktorskie Książki
Oferujemy zniżki na wszystkie plany premium dla autorów, których prace zostały uwzględnione w tematycznych zestawieniach literatury. Skontaktuj się z nami, aby uzyskać unikalny kod promocyjny!

Do bibliografii