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1
Burge, Janet E. "Knowledge Elicitation for Design Task Sequencing Knowledge". Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1062.
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"There are many types of knowledge involved in producing a design (the process of specifying a description of an artifact that satisfies a collection of constraints [Brown, 1992]). Of these, one of the most crucial is the design plan: the sequence of steps taken to create the design (or a portion of the design). A number of knowledge elicitation methods can be used to obtain this knowledge from the designer. The success of the elicitation depends on the match between the knowledge elicitation method used and the information being sought. The difficulty with obtaining design plan information is that this information may involve implicit knowledge, i.e. knowledge that can not be expressed explicitly. In this thesis, an approach is used that combines two knowledge elicitation techniques: one direct, to directly request the design steps and their sequence, and one indirect, to refine this knowledge by obtaining steps and sequences that may be implicit. The two techniques used in this thesis were Forward Scenario Simulation (FSS), a technique where the domain expert describes how the procedure followed to solve it, and Card Sort, a technique where the domain expert is asked to sort items (usually entities in the domain) along different attributes. The Design Ordering Elicitation System (DOES) was built to perform the knowledge elicitation. This system is a web-based system designed to support remote knowledge elicitation: KE performed without the presence of the knowledge engineer. This system was used to administer knowledge elicitation sessions to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques at obtaining design steps and their sequencing. The results indicate that using an indirect technique together with a direct technique obtains more alternative sequences for the design steps than using the direct technique alone."
2
Wang, Chun-Yen. "Knowledge-Based Design: Networked and Visualized Knowledge for Improved Product Development". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1394804762.
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Vastola, Justin Timothy. "Sequential experimental design under competing prior knowledge". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47724.
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This research focuses on developing a comprehensive framework for designing and modeling experiments in the presence of multiple sources of competing prior knowledge. In particular, methodology is proposed for process optimization in high-cost, low-resource experimental settings where the underlying response function can be highly non-linear. In the first part of this research, an initial experimental design criteria is proposed for optimization problems by combining multiple, potentially competing, sources of prior information--engineering models, expert opinion, and data from past experimentation on similar, non-identical systems. New methodology is provided for incorporating and combining conjectured models and data into both the initial modeling and design stages. The second part of this research focuses on the development of a batch sequential design procedure for optimizing high-cost, low-resource experiments with complicated response surfaces. The success in the proposed approach lies in melding a flexible, sequential design algorithm with a powerful local modeling approach. Batch experiments are designed sequentially to adapt to balance space-filling properties and the search for the optimal operating condition. Local model calibration and averaging techniques are introduced to easily allow incorporation of statistical models and engineering knowledge, even if such knowledge pertains to only subregions of the complete design space. The overall process iterates between adapting designs, adapting models, and updating engineering knowledge over time. Applications to nanomanufacturing are provided throughout.
4
Shurville, Simon John. "Method oriented design environments in knowledge aided design". Thesis, University of Brighton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287129.
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Alexander, George Shepard. "Practical knowledge and artroom design". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28912.
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Field research methodology was employed to describe how the personal practical knowledge of three art teachers has helped shape their junior secondary artrooms. Through interviews, photographic analysis, and participant observation a description of each site is provided to show that some aspects of each teacher's practical knowledge find expression in the artroom environment. Each artroom had its own distinctive features, but what held these three sites in common was the way in which practical knowledge functioned in the design of the flexible elements of the room's environment. Each teacher employed specific coping strategies to manage the classroom and increase their sense of comfort in their professional role. An image of an artroom was held by each teacher which both directly and indirectly influenced their decisions about artroom design. The findings were used to construct a conceptual framework relating practical knowledge and the artroom to the teacher's personal history and the limitations imposed on the artroom by school life and the room's physical limitations.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Leaves 275 to 280 do not exist
Graduate
6
Liu, Huimin. "Knowledge-based inventive conceptual design". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54627/.
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Conceptual design is the first phase of the design process. Most basic functions of a new product and the solutions for solving design problems are generated in this critical phase, which will affect the attributes in the later detailed design process. Conceptual design, especially the process of concept generation, is an innovation process that is achieved by human intelligence. The intuition and experience of designers play a significant role during the design process which is hard to be replaced by computer-aided tools or artificial intelligence technology. TR1Z is an inventive problem-solving tool to help people improve creativity. It is applied in this work to generate creative design concepts. The TRIZ inventive principles are extended by integrating other TRIZ tools and TRIZ-derived tools. These principles are also restructured by the inspiration of I-Ching. The Behaviour-Entity representation of inventive principles enables the generation of new and innovative solutions based on TRIZ. The TRIZ Contradiction Matrix (CM) and inventive principles are then used to develop the TRIZ-based concept generation approach by adding constraints to the standard Behaviour-Entity representation of TRIZ. This approach is developed to retrieve modified TRIZ inventive principles and to generate new solutions by re-organising the BEC (Behaviour-Entity-Constraint) representation of principles according to the conflicting design requirements. Finally, a negotiation-based approach is integrated with an existing no-compromise approach to develop a knowledge-based system for automatically detecting and resolving conflicts. The recommendation is given as an output arranged by weight to help the designer improve creativity and efficiency for concept generation and conflict resolution in conceptual design. The approach is implemented by using a rule-based language, JESS. A case study of aircraft fuselage layout design is presented to demonstrate the benefits of using this conflict resolution system.
7
Kumar, Bimal. "Knowledge processing for structural design". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329496.
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Leach, Desmond John. "Work design and job knowledge". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287355.
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9
Kaddache, M. "The structure of design knowledge". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374899.
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Mahmoud, M. A. "Factory building : Design knowledge engineering". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382426.
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Finn, Gavin Alexander. "Event-driven knowledge-based design". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11386.
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12
Cunningham, James Alexander. "Modelling knowledge through user focused design in knowledge management applications". Thesis, University of Salford, 2009. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26630/.
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Knowledge management, as an organisational management technique, aims to capture the knowledge of the members of an organisation and to distribute it among those members in a way which encourages new knowledge to emerge. Software, explicitly designed to aid these goals, is seen as a useful tool for knowledge management. The core focus in the design of such software is in creating structures which allow the knowledge being captured to be represented in the software. However this ability to represent knowledge, on its own, will only serve to make explicit what is already there and will not provide the ability to capture new knowledge in different forms to the knowledge already represented. This thesis examines the question of how best to resolve this apparent conflict through the construction of an argument that rethinks the role of the end user and their relationship to software design in knowledge management, along with the development of a knowledge management-specific software development methodology. Through an in-depth analysis of the 'eCognos' project, which aimed to provide knowledge management software for the construction domain, the notion that a key aspect of knowledge management software design must be the realisation that modelling specifically against a single domain will lead to the development of software artefacts which fundamentally constrain their goal of enabling knowledge management is explored.
13
Grant, Peter L. (Peter Leigh) 1959. "Outsourced knowledge: knowledge transfer and strategic implications from design outsourcing". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9278.
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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108).
Design is an especially effective means to transfer organizational product knowledge; yet, design outsourcing, or the contracting of a supplier to perform the design of a product or product component, has grown in acceptance and practice. Empirical evidence suggests that there are strategic risks for the contracting company, such as forward integration by the design supplier. There are also visible benefits, such as improving product innovation and overcoming resource limitations. To investigate the strategic implications of design outsourcing in conjunction with the knowledge transfer that takes place between the contractor and the supplier, six product development firms located in New England were interviewed. Their design practices and experiences in working with clients on many different design projects provided corroboration of and new insights into the risks and benefits from design outsourcing. Additional research into design practices, design technology, the unique qualities of design knowledge, and the contributors to the transfer of knowledge during design support the argument t.hat knowledge is transferred during design. The author proposes that a product is an embodiment of the tacit and explicit knowledge that is traded-off and integrated during design in a process that naturally employs collaboration. A relative qualitative measure of the amount of knowledge embodied by the product is called its knowledge intensity. Along with an alternative to the concept of a core product called the knowledge kernel, these concepts facilitate the important linking of knowledge and products during strategic outsourcing decisions. To investigate the strategic implications of design outsourcing in conjunction with the knowledge transfer that takes place between the contracting company and the supplier, a systems dynamics model was developed. The model shows that the interactions of the many different causal-loops in design outsourcing results in an eight-to-three ratio of reinforcing feedback loops to balancing feedback loops. This result suggests that design outsourcing is a self-promoting practice that is difficult to balance and can lead to significant product knowledge transferred to the supplier. Knowledge-based recommendations are offered for companies faced with design outsourcing decisions that include offensive and defensive tactics.
by Peter L. Grant.
S.M.M.O.T.
14
Wahid, Shaikh Shahtab. "Facilitating Design Knowledge Reuse Through Relationships". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26169.
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Design reuse is an approach in which the creation of new designs is based on the identification of previously employed solutions and the incorporation of those into new contexts. This notion has been extensively studied especially by software engineers. This research seeks to support the reuse of design knowledge in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community in creating new designs as it is generally argued that reuse has the potential to reduce development time and costs. Efforts to reuse design elements in HCI, often in the form of design patterns, are slowly emerging.
This work seeks to facilitate the reuse of design knowledge in the form of claims. To achieve this goal, the notion of claim relationshipsâ descriptions of connections between claims that emerge in designâ is introduced as a mechanism to facilitate reuse. Claims relationships can be used to connect a collection of reusable claims so that they can be searched, understood, tailored, and integrated into new designs. A method for how to use the relationships is presented to aid in the creation of scenarios. Through a series of studies starting from the use of relationships to locate and reuse claims to the use of cards sets incorporating images and rationale for storyboards, the potential for relationships is demonstrated.
These works inform the design and evaluation of a storyboarding tool called PIC-UP. PIC-UP is introduced as an example of how relationships can be utilized in the creation of storyboards made of reusable artifacts in the form of claims. Studies of PIC-UP position the tool as one that enables the reuse through the use of a storyboarding guide and social navigation by collecting and sharing claims. It shows potential in aiding novice and non-designers and can serve as a communication tool.Ph. D.
15
Woo, Jeong-Han. "Sharing tacit design knowledge in a distributed design environment". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4369.
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Throughout the life-cycle of a design project, architects rely heavily on their tacit design
knowledge to support design decisions. Tacit knowledge is highly personal and implicit.
As such, it encompasses expertise, intuitive understanding, and professional insight
formed as a result of experience. Due to its implicit nature, tacit design knowledge is
typically shared only among colleagues who work in the same office through face-toface
interactions. With emerging Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)
technologies, designers face new opportunities for capturing and reusing tacit design
knowledge. However, there is no accepted CMC strategy for sharing tacit design
knowledge in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry.
This research investigates the impact of tacit design knowledge on design performance
in a distributed design environment supported by CMC software. The software was
developed and tested in three design studios in which design students sought advice from
experts in remote locations. It provides tools for showing images, such as drawings and renderings, and for engaging in a written dialogue (chat session). The written and
graphic artifacts of the conversation are stored in a Web-accessible database.
The chat sessions included the identification, clarification, and explanation of real
problems. Dialogue records provide evidence of a significant influence upon the
studentsâ approach to conceptual design. Content analysis of the comments from the
experts provides qualitative evidence for the softwareâÂÂs effectiveness. The participants
shared past experience, professional recommendations, and intuitive expectations. In
follow-up surveys, most participants reported that their experience with the software was
very enjoyable and the software is well-designed to support sharing of design
knowledge.
This research also suggests that tacit design knowledge may be confidently captured and
shared through careful strategic implementation of CMC technology in a distributed
design environment. Demographic and attitudinal surveys of the participants suggest that
enabling factors for sharing tacit design knowledge include knowledge sharing attitude,
just-in-time expertise matching, and timing of the communication.
16
Wee, K. K. "A knowledge-based design environment for analogue design automation". Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241239.
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Kaarela, Kari. "Enhancing communication of plant design knowledge /". Espoo : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1996. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1996/P272.pdf.
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18
Yan, Wei. "(Meta)Knowledge modeling for inventive design". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD006/document.
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Un nombre croissant d’industries ressentent le besoin de formaliser leurs processus d’innovation. Dans ce contexte, les outils du domaine de la qualité et les approches d’aide à la créativité provenant du "brain storming" ont déjà montré leurs limites. Afin de répondre à ces besoins, la TRIZ (Acronyme russe pour Théorie de Résolution des Problèmes Inventifs), développée par l’ingénieur russe G. S. Altshuller au milieu du 20ème siècle, propose une méthode systématique de résolution de problèmes inventifs multidomaines. Selon TRIZ, la résolution de problèmes inventifs consiste en la construction du modèle et l’utilisation des sources de connaissance de la TRIZ. Plusieurs modèles et sources de connaissances permettent la résolution de problèmes inventifs de types différents, comme les quarante Principes Inventifs pour l’élimination des contradictions techniques. Toutes ces sources se situent à des niveaux d’abstractions relativement élevés et sont, donc, indépendantes d’un domaine particulier, qui nécessitent des connaissances approfondies des domaines d’ingénierie différents. Afin de faciliter le processus de résolution de problèmes inventifs, un "Système Intelligent de Gestion de Connaissances" est développé dans cette thèse. D’une part, en intégrant les ontologies des bases de connaissance de la TRIZ, le gestionnaire propose aux utilisateurs de sources de connaissance pertinentes pour le modèle qu’ils construisent, et d’autre part, le gestionnaire a la capacité de remplir "automatiquement" les modèles associés aux autres bases de connaissance. Ces travaux de recherche visent à faciliter et automatiser le processus de résolution de problèmes inventifs. Ils sont basés sur le calcul de similarité sémantique et font usage de différentes technologies provenantes de domaine de l’Ingénierie de Connaissances (modélisation et raisonnement basés sur les ontologies, notamment). Tout d’abord, des méthodes de calcul de similarité sémantique sont proposées pour rechercher et définir les liens manquants entre les bases de connaissance de la TRIZ. Ensuite, les sources de connaissance de la TRIZ sont formalisées comme des ontologies afin de pouvoir utiliser des mécanismes d’inférence heuristique pour la recherche de solutions spécifiques. Pour résoudre des problèmes inventifs, les utilisateurs de la TRIZ choisissent dans un premier temps une base de connaissance et obtiennent une solution abstraite. Ensuite, les éléments des autres bases de connaissance similaires aux éléments sélectionnés dans la première base sont proposés sur la base de la similarité sémantique préalablement calculée. A l’aide de ces éléments et des effets physiques heuristiques, d’autres solutions conceptuelles sont obtenues par inférence sur les ontologies. Enfin, un prototype logiciel est développé. Il est basé sur cette similarité sémantique et les ontologies interviennent en support du processus de génération automatique de solutions conceptuellesAn increasing number of industries feel the need to formalize their innovation processes. In this context, quality domain tools show their limits as well as the creativity assistance approaches derived from brainstorming. TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) appears to be a pertinent answer to these needs. Developed in the middle of the 20th century by G. S. Althshuller, this methodology's goal was initially to improve and facilitate the resolution of technological problems. According to TRIZ, the resolution of inventive problems consists of the construction of models and the use of the corresponding knowledge sources. Different models and knowledge sources were established in order to solve different types of inventive problems, such as the forty inventive principles for eliminating the technical contradictions. These knowledge sources with different levels of abstraction are all built independent of the specific application field, and require extensive knowledge about different engineering domains. In order to facilitate the inventive problem solving process, the development of an "intelligent knowledge manager" is explored in this thesis. On the one hand, according to the TRIZ knowledge sources ontologies, the manager offers to the users the relevant knowledge sources associated to the model they are building. On the other hand, the manager has the ability to fill "automatically" the models of the other knowledge sources. These research works aim at facilitating and automating the process of solving inventive problems based on semantic similarity and ontology techniques. At first, the TRIZ knowledge sources are formalized based on ontologies, such that heuristic inference can be executed to search for specific solutions. Then, methods for calculating semantic similarity are explored to search and define the missing links among the TRIZ knowledge sources. In order to solve inventive problems, the TRIZ user firstly chooses a TRIZ knowledge source to work for an abstract solution. Then, the items of other knowledge sources, which are similar with the selected items of the first knowledge source, are obtained based on semantic similarity calculated in advance. With the help of these similar items and the heuristic physical effects, other specific solutions are returned through ontology inference. Finally, a software prototype is developed based on semantic similarity and ontology inference to support this automatic process of solving inventive problems
19
Japikse, Russell David. "Structuring and retrieving engineering design knowledge". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614708.
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Candy, Linda. "Creative knowledge work and interaction design". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6992.
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The main aim of the research presented in this thesis is to inform the design of interactive computer systems for supporting creative knowledge work. Research into creativity and knowledge work has been explored and used to develop a criteria modelling approach. The particular contribution of the author's work is the drawing together of that research and applying the findings to interaction design. The publications were selected on the basis of how well they represent the main outcomes of the work. The journey from prescribing system requirements and design goals to framing the system design process in terms of evaluation criteria may be traced through the papers presented. Interest in creativity and the role of computer technology in creative tasks has recently increased. A number of national initiatives have been set in motion in the LJK, beginning in December 1996 with the Initiative for National Action on Creative Technologies, the Creative Media Initiative: Technology Foresight, Department of Trade and Industry, National Endowment for Science and Technology in the Arts (NESTA) and the People and Computers Programme, of the Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC). Thus, the author's involvement in creativity research and computer support is proving to be timely. Amongst her recent initiatives is Creativity and Cognition, an international symposium which brings together creative people in the arts with technologists and scientists. The thesis is divided into three parts : themes and outcomes, methodology and case studies. A criteria-based modelling approach is presented which has evolved from earlier models that represent key elements of creativity and knowledge work. A model of creative knowledge work is proposed and categories of criteria identified. Underpinning the main outcomes are the case studies which were carried out in industry/academic collaborative projects. The findings were considered in relation to other studies. The thesis presents an approach to computer systems design and development that directly links the requirements definition to the application of evaluation criteria. These criteria are based upon the characteristics of the cognitive style and working practices of creative knowledge workers.
21
Šafář, Jan. "Návrh zero-knowledge protokolů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237255.
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Thesis introduces automated methods of protocol design and their usability for zero knowledge protocol design or protocols, where ZK protocols are used as subprotocols. Especially composition method is described more in depth. Thesis shows also a sample implementation of this method.
22
Huet, Gregory. "Design transaction monitoring : understanding design reviews for extended knowledge capture". Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434070.
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Wegner, Carolyn Marie. "Rio : Connecting Midwives and Knowledge". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182468.
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Mothers around the world experience preventable medical complications during labor and delivery that can lead to maternal and newborn mortality. In addition, some expectant mothers can experience abuse, neglect, and discrimination from attending midwives. This lack of quality care has more connection to maternal mortality than lack of access to health services itself, and it is shown that the most effective way to improve care is through training and continuous education of the midwife, the primary obstetric care-giver. Laerdal Global Health [LGH], was collaborated with in this thesis, a not-for-profit company whose work is dedicated to saving the lives of mothers and newborns in low income regions, through high-impact, low-cost solutions involving educational materials and training programs for midwives. The aim of the partnership with LGH was to support competency development for labor management, with a focus on continuous training and education for midwives in Tanzania, sub Saharan Africa. Continuous training is on-going education of midwives through various methods of training and learning, with the goal of keeping skill sets current and evolving with best practice knowledge. Around the world, as well as in in sub Saharan Africa, medical systems can be stressed by a range of factors, including lack of resources and lack experienced midwives, which leads to challenges to follow standardized obstetric guidelines and an over-burdening workload for the midwife. (LGH, 2019). There is also a high frequency of midwife turnover within clinics and hospitals, making it difficult to train a fluctuating staff of varying competencies and knowledge sets. (LGH, 2019). The net effect of these challenges and beyond, made it imperative to address how midwives could be supported in their efforts to engage in continuous education and training. To facilitate and support continuous education, a hybrid chat and professional education platform, Rio, was created, powered by social interaction, knowledge exchange, and democratization of information. This platform’s aim was to give form and body to existing digital and social behaviors, and midwives’ continuous education efforts, something that comes in many shapes and sizes, and levels of tangibility. A proposal in the digital space was determined to be optimal due to its ability to increase access to information, and its adaptability to user needs and environments. Rio also challenges the ubiquitous nature of WhatsApp in the medical context by addressing and rethinking the generation, use, and storage of patient data. In tandem, Rio maintains the successful social platform use patterns, while utilizing these traits to propel and facilitate professional education and knowledge exchange.
24
Mwendapole, Chinandu. "Design knowledge and intellectual property rules : an investigation into the relationship between design knowledge and intellectual property rules". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4306.
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Palil, Md Dan Md. "An ergonomics design knowledge based expert system". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321264.
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Bailey, Jesse Ian. "Cutting tool design knowledge capture & reuse". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4434.
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Cutting tools play an important part in today's manufacturing industry. There is an ever-increasing pressure on the cutting tool design industry to produce better quality products in response to the needs of the automotive and aerospace industries. Add to this the increasing complexity of the machined product requiring the use of non-standard cutting tools. The consideration of this area of cutting tool design is in recognition of the importance of the information and knowledge requirements at the beginning and during the design process. It has been noticed that in the cutting tool industry that the knowledge provision lacks structure and organisation. Understanding the knowledge requirements of the designers would provide substantial benefits to the design process. Thus, this research explores the role and extent of special purpose cutting tool design knowledge. Literature review shows there is a lack of research examining the knowledge of designers within special purpose cutting tool design. The design of a special purpose-cutting tool is a knowledge intensive task. This thesis presents a novel methodology for Knowledge Elicitation called Knowledge = Expert - Novice (KEN). KEN is a methodology requiring active participation in the design task. It is demonstrated that KEN is suitable for the capture of cutting tool design knowledge. KEN is used to examine the nature and extent of special purpose cutting tool design. It is observed that KEN provides a structured approach to the Knowledge Elicitation from an expert. An in-depth investigation of the preliminary design stage has revealed the knowledge required by special purpose cutting tool designers. This thesis presents an ontology-based framework for cutting tool design knowledge representation following a functional, structural and behavioural methodology. The knowledge is represented by base-functions, ways of achievement and design considerations organised into functional hierarchies. The ontology is validated by domain experts rating the terms within the ontology and by cases. It is observed that the ontology is a complete representation of the cutting tool design knowledge. A viewpoint of design reuse is modelled to include a set of descriptor terms and captured domain knowledge. The viewpoint is mapped onto the ontology to provide a set of generic terms. The reuse viewpoint is then implemented onto Case-Based Reasoning software to search for past designs. The reuse viewpoint is then validated using a number of case studies and user trials. It is demonstrated that the reuse viewpoint is effective for the extraction of terms from design documentation, searching for and recalling past designs.
27
Rehman, S. "Knowledge-based cost modelling for innovative design". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3971.
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The contribution to new knowledge from this research is a novel method for modelling
production costs throughout the design phase of a product's lifecycle, from conceptual
to detail design.
The provision of cost data throughout the design phase allows management to make
more accurate bid estimates and encourages designers to design to cost, leading to a
reduction in the amount of design rework and product's time to market. The cost
modelling strategy adopted incorporates the use of knowledge-based and case-based
approaches.
Cost estimation is automated by linking design knowledge, required for predicting
design features from incomplete design descriptions, to production knowledge. The
link between the different paradigms is achieved through the blackboard framework of
problem solving which incorporates both case-baseda nd rule-based reasoning.
The method described is aimed at innovative design activities in which original designs
are produced which are similar to some extent to past design solutions. The method is
validated through a prototyping approach. Tests conducted on the prototype confirm
that the designed method models costs sufficiently accurately within the range of its
own knowledge base. It can therefore be inferred that the designed cost modelling
methodology sets out a feasible approach to cost estimation throughout the design
phase.
28
Munjulury, Venkata Raghu Chaitanya. "Knowledge Based Integrated Multidisciplinary Aircraft Conceptual Design". Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fluida och mekatroniska system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106925.
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With the ever growing complexity of aircrafts, new tools and eventually methods to use these tools are needed in aircraft conceptual design. To reduce the development cost, an enhancement in the conceptual design is needed. This thesis presents a knowledge-based aircraft geometry design tool RAPID and the methodology applied in realizing the design. The parameters used to create a geometry need to be exchange between different tools. This is achieved by using a centralized database or onedata concept. One-database will enable creating a less number of cross connections between different tools to exchange data with one another. Different types of aircraft configurations can be obtained with less effort. As RAPID is developed based on relational design, any changes made to the geometric model will update automatically. The geometry model is carefully defined to carry over to the preliminary design. The validation of RAPID is done by implementing it in different aircraft design courses at Linköping University. In the aircraft project course, RAPID was effectively used and new features were added to the obtained desired design. Knowledge-base is used to realize the design performance for the geometry with an integrated database approach for a multidisciplinary aircraft conceptual design.
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Gourashi, Nasir Salah El-Din. "Knowledge-based conceptual design of robot grippers". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525075.
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Advances in computing have resulted in many engineering processes being automated or otherwise computer-aided. Engineering design is one such process. The area of computer-aided design (CAD) emerged to support the design process. Conventional CAD systems are "non-intelligent" systems used to assist the later stages of engineering design, such as analysis and drafting within the detailed design phase. The conceptual design phase is of a different nature. It is qualitative and requires experience and creativity and is therefore not supported by conventional CAD systems. Techniques from the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) may however be applied to the conceptual design phase. Using Al methods, Intelligent Computer Aided Design (ICAD) and Design Automation (DA) represent a departure from the routine number processing of design analysis and drafting. ICAD and DA involve the adoption of symbolic representation and reasoning for creative and innovative design conceptualisation. The aim of this work was to develop computer-based techniques to aid the conceptual design process, using the Al approach of Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS). To provide a concrete focus for the research, the developed techniques were applied to the problem of robot gripper design although they could equally be used for other design tasks. Conceptual design was considered from three perspectives. First, it was viewed as a configuration problem. A KBS has been developed to automate the configuring of new design concepts from existing sub-solutions. Second, design was seen as an adaptation problem. Another KBS has been created to achieve automatic retrieval and adaptation of previous design solutions to address new design requirements. Finally, design was regarded as an optimisation problem. A further system was developed to automate the generation of optimum gripping systems that can manipulate different components during assembly tasks.
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Tang, M. X. "Knowledge-based design support and inductive learning". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662724.
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In order to incorporate inductive learning techniques into a knowledge-based design model and an integrated knowledge-based design support system architecture, the computational techniques for developing a knowledge-based design support system architecture and the role of inductive learning in AI-based design are investigated. This investigation gives a background to the development of an incremental learning model for design suitable for a class of design tasks whose structures are not well known initially. This incremental learning model for design is used as a basis to develop knowledge-based design support system architecture that can be used as a kernel for knowledge-based design applications. This architecture integrates a number of computational techniques to support the representation and reasoning of design knowledge. In particular, it integrates a blackboard control system with an assumption-based truth maintenance system in an object-oriented environment to support the exploration of multiple design solutions by supporting the exploration and management of design contexts. As an integral part of this knowledge-based design support architecture, a design concept learning system utilising a number of unsupervised inductive learning techniques is developed. This design concept learning system combines concept formation techniques with design heuristics as background knowledge to build a design concept tree from raw data or past design examples. The effectiveness of this knowledge-based design support architecture and the design concept learning system is demonstrated through a realistic design domain, the design of small-molecule drugs one of the key tasks of which is to identify a pharmacophore description (the structure of a design problem) from known molecule examples. In this thesis, knowledge-based design and inductive learning techniques are first reviewed. Based on this review, an incremental learning model and an integrated architecture for intelligent design support are presented.
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Chao, K. M. "Knowledge sharing and reuse for engineering design". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361204.
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King, Brent. "Automatic extraction of knowledge from design data". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307964.
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Cochrane, Sean David. "Manufacturing knowledge verification in design support systems". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445363.
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Miller, Andrew F. 1972. "Information/knowledge design in contextual hypermedia systems". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9858.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-55).
As we begin to comprehend the ways we interact with the data/information/knowledge structures which construct our individual perception of reality, we see a shift from the dyadic Cartesian method of reading our environment, to a triadic, or Systems View, which accounts for individual perceptual readings and individual realities. This shift in thinking relates that we are dynamic, self-organizing, complex systems which form an individual perception of our environment based on the relationships we identify between ourselves and the interrelated systems of data/information around us. Recognizing this shift, the research project associated with this thesis, utilizes interactive digital multimedia, or hypermedia, in the design of a set of tools with which to identify and illustrate these interrelated systems. It is the author's belief that once identified, these dynamic relationships will provide an ideal source of user-defined navigation of the group of interrelated objects. The dynamic qualities of hypermedia, which provide the author different modes of linking information of many different data types to one another, making it an ideal venue for the illustration and navigation of systemic relationships. Employing two and three dimensional methods of visual and spatial representation, integrated with in various combinations of graphic organizational models, the product of th is thesis will provide the user an information-rich environment in which to identify and navigate the associative relationships found amongst a group of physical objects, in th is case furniture of modern design. The thesis also looks ahead to speculate on the impact of emerging technologies such as Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Tangible User Interfaces, on the design of information knowledge "spaces". The author will propose a future implementation of these technologies in relation to the current subject of illustration.
by Andrew F. Miller.
S.M.
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Song, Kanda. "Knowledge organization : Beichuan Middle School architecture design". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54556.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2009.Page 67 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).
This Thesis is comprised of two interrelated parts: the first part attempts to incorporate Design and Methodology into the framework of Knowledge Organization, tries to refine/ redefine the workflow, and establishes a working model which represents/guides the process from the formation of ideas to the solutions of fabrication/construction using BIM. The second part further explore the meaning/connotation of Knowledge Organization, reconfigure the model and accordingly adjust the methods being used, considering the specific context and conditions at the earthquake area of Beichuan County in China.
by Kanda Song.
S.M.
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Alshira'H, Mohammad H. "Integrating user knowledge into design pattern detection". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36232.
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Design pattern detection is useful for a range of software comprehension and maintenance tasks. Tools that rely on static or dynamic analysis alone can produce inaccurate results, especially for patterns that rely on the run-time information. Some tools provide facilities for the developer to refine the results by adding their own knowledge. Currently, however, the ability of tools to accommodate this knowledge is very limited; it can only pertain to the detected patterns and cannot provide additional knowledge about the source code, or about its behaviour. In this thesis, we propose an approach to combine existing pattern detection techniques with a structured feedback mechanism. This enables the developer to refine the detection results by feeding-in additional knowledge about pattern implementations and software behaviour. The motivation is that a limited amount of user input can complement the automated detection process, to produce results that are more accurate. To evaluate the approach we applied it to a selection of openly available software systems. The evaluation was carried in two parts. First, an evaluation case study was carried out to detect pattern instances in the selected systems with the help of the user knowledge. Second, a user study of a broader range of expert users of design patterns was conducted in order to investigate the impact of their knowledge on the detection process, and to see whether it is realistic that the user can identify useful knowledge for the detection process. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed approach can yield a significant improvement in the accuracy whilst requiring a relatively small degree of user input from the developer. Moreover, the results show that expert users can supplement the design pattern detection process with a useful feedback that can enhance the detection of design pattern instances in the source code.
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Bhikha, Preetya. "Exploring architectural knowledge in water sensitive design". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27415.
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Across the academic sphere, much research has been conducted into the development of water-sensitive elements to address issues around urban water management. However, these elements are commonly investigated in isolation, with little consideration for initiatives from other disciplines that may support their success. This research aims to demonstrate the value that an architect may bring in incorporating ideas drawn from various disciplines to create a water- sensitive design solution with multiple ecosystem benefits, taking into account the human experience of space and place-making. In doing so, the design demonstrates that a water-sensitive building is aesthetically pleasing, viable and achievable. The feasibility of water-sensitive designs has been noted as a focus area by the South African Water Research Commission; one which is particularly pertinent in our present water-scarce environment in South Africa. This applied study is based on a previous Master of Architecture (Professional) dissertation building design, which is used as the unit of analysis. The building focuses on restoring the quality of water in the Liesbeek River in Cape Town using passive filtration methods. The objective of this study is to gain new insights into the design process and planning of water-sensitive architectural buildings, which assists in understanding when collaborating across disciplines. The research is guided by Deep Ecology, phenomenology and Ecological Urbanism. Research by Design is used as the method of the study, in which different design iterations based on the raw data of the original building are investigated and analysed, as well as evaluated by specialists from various disciplines in order to create a best-fit design solution. The revised building takes into account the practical, site-specific and architectural qualities of a water-sensitive design to create a people-centred building that incorporates ecological and engineering demands in greater detail. Key outcomes of the study include a typical design process for a WSAD and architectural guidelines for water-sensitive buildings, grounded in the diverse values of water and its relationship to people and nature. The dissertation aims to contribute to the academic discourse around water-sensitive design. Further, the guidelines developed may be used to inform the design of conventional buildings.
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Ebenreuter, Natalie Erika. "Transference of dance knowledge through interface design". Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/46079.
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Thesis (DDes) - Faculty of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008.Submitted in fulfillment [of the requirements of the degree of] Doctor of Philosophy, [Faculty of Design], Swinburne University of Technology - 2008. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 355-369.
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Sarkar, Somwrita. "Acquiring symbolic design optimization problem reformulation knowledge". Connect to full text, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5683.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.Title from title screen (viewed November 13, 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning in the Faculty of Science. Includes graphs and tables. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Barker, Robin. "A knowledge-level model for concurrent design". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2002. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19314/.
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The concurrent approach to engineering design, concurrent design, implies that expert knowledge regarding a number of different downstream life-cycle perspectives (such as assembly, manufacture, maintainability etc) should all be considered at the design stage of a product's life-cycle. Extensive and valuable work has been done in developing computer aids to both the design and concurrent design processes. However, a criticism of such tools is that their development has been driven by computational considerations and that the tools are not based on a generally accepted model of the design process. Different models of design have been developed that fall into a number of paradigms, including cognitive and knowledge-level models. However, while there is no generally accepted cognitive model describing the way designers and design teams think, the concept of the knowledge-level has enabled a more pragmatic approach to be taken to the development of models of problem-solving activity. Different researchers have developed knowledge-level models for the design process, particularly as part of the CommonKADS methodology (one of the principal knowledge-based system development methodologies currently in use). These design models have significantly extended design thinking in this area. However, the models do not explicitly support the concurrent design process. I have developed top-down knowledge-level models of the concurrent design process by analysis of published research and discussions with academics. However some researchers have criticised models for design that are not based on analysis of 'real-life' design. Hence I wished to validate my top-down models by analysing how concurrent design actually occurs in a real-life industrial setting. Analysing concurrent design activity is a complex process and there are no definitive methodological guidelines as to the 'right way' to do it. Therefore I have developed and utilised a novel method of knowledge elicitation and analysis to develop 'bottom-up' models for concurrent design. This is based on a number of different approaches and was done in collaboration with a number of different design teams and organisations who are engaged in the concurrent design of mechanically based products. My resulting knowledge-level models are an original contribution to knowledge. They suggest that the concurrent design process consists of a number of discrete sub-tasks of propose, critique and negotiate. These models have been instantiated as generic model templates, using the modelling formalisms specified by CommonYADS. These models have been implemented on a software tool, the CommonKADS workbench, in order to provide support for developers of computer-based systems for concurrent design.
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Motta, Enrico. "Reusable components for knowledge modelling". Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57879/.
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In this work I illustrate an approach to the development of a library of problem solving components for knowledge modelling. This approach is based on an epistemological modelling framework, the Task/Method/Domain/Application (TMDA) model, and on a principled methodology, which provide an integrated view of both library construction and application development by reuse. The starting point of the proposed approach is given by a task ontology. This formalizes a conceptual viewpoint over a class of problems, thus providing a task-specific framework, which can be used to drive the construction of a task model through a process of model-based knowledge acquisition. The definitions in the task ontology provide the initial elements of a task-specific library of problem solving components. In order to move from problem specification to problem solving, a generic, i.e. taskindependent, model of problem solving as search is introduced, and instantiated in terms of the concepts in the relevant task ontology, say T. The result is a task-specific, but method-independent, problem solving model. This generic problem solving model provides the foundation from which alternative problem solving methods for a class of tasks can be defined. Specifically, the generic problem solving model provides i) a highly generic method ontology, say M; ii) a set of generic building blocks (generic tasks), which can be used to construct task-specific problem solving methods; and iii) an initial problem solving method, which can be characterized as the most generic problem solving method, which subscribes to M and is applicable to T. More specific problem solving methods can then be (re-)constructed from the generic problem solving model through a process of method/ontology specialization and method-to-task application. The resulting library of reusable components enjoys a clear theoretical basis and provides robust support for reuse. In the thesis I illustrate the approach in the area of parametric design.
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Klaasen, I. T. "Knowledge-based design developing urban & regional design into a science /". Delft : Delft University Press, 2004. http://www.ebrary.com/.
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Tunnicliffe, A. J. "Knowledge elicitation in design : a case study of page layout design". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11737.
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Knowledge elicitation remains a fundamental feature of Knowledge Based Systems evolution. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the presumption that the knowledge elicitation philosophy is viable for design. Scant effort has been applied to research into techniques for design elicitation, and the nature of design is poorly considered. In particular, design tasks that involve visual design skills appear especially neglected. The scarcity of proven knowledge elicitation methods for design has not dampened the enthusiasm for "Intelligent" Computer Aided Design Systems. However, it is argued that design knowledge acquired from ad hoc, unsubstantiated and untested procedures, and knowledge that is undocumented and untested cannot be considered reliable. Indeed, it is extensively observed that a deficiency of intelligent performance exists in current ICAD systems, and the exigency for laudable design elicitation methods is prevalent Here, knowledge elicitation in design is promoted through a review of design and knowledge elicitation research literature. Design must be considered dissimilar to scientific problem solving, and the holistic nature of the task is an important characteristic. Further, the spatial, diagrammatical and drawing forms of communication, that are manifest in design, must be tackled. A method for the elicitation of design knowledge is proposed, and tested in the domain of page layout design. Computerised methods of knowledge acquisition currently lack the sophistication to expound the enigmas associated with design elicitation. It is concluded that the personal interview strategy is appropriate, in which the nature of the design task, and the visual and spatial components are equitably considered. The understanding of page layout design is demonstrated in a communicable report, and tested through an evaluation study. It is concluded that methodological principles of knowledge elicitation are appropriate to design, and a suitable method is outlined. The domain of page layout design illustrates that the techniques are successful, useful and practical.
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Klaasen, Ina T. "Knowledge-based design : developing urban & regional design into a science /". Delft : Delft University Press, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0607/2005377632.html.
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Gausepohl, Kimberly Ann. "The Storytelling + Design Framework: Design Guidance for the Concept Phase of Medical Device Design". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38579.
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s (NIOSH) “Prevention through Design” (PtD) initiative encourages the exploration of different methods to foster dialogue between engineers and healthcare workers. Although engineers are encouraged to follow a user-centered design (UCD) process to identify user needs (ANSI/AAMI, 2009; IEC, 2007), NORA (2009) warns that engineers may “fail to get the full range of healthcare worker input on the usability of a device”. The primary goal of this research was to present storytelling as an elicitation method that addressed the PtD call for methods that improve usability within healthcare.
This work provides three contributions to the PtD initiative. First, a conceptual model for the role of storytelling in design, which represents a synthesis of narrative and design research, is presented. The conceptual model explicitly states how the elicitation and analysis of stories results in the identification of a design opportunity that addresses user needs. Second, the Design + Storytelling framework, which guides designers’ use of storytelling, is presented. An instantiation of the framework specific to the identification of a design opportunity within an emergency room (ER) is investigated to determine the framework’s impact on design. Findings resulted in the study’s third contribution: design guidance comprised of storytelling guidelines, decision support tools for storytelling method selection, and traceability support for design evaluation.
The investigation of the framework focused on two primary stages: (1) story elicitation and (2) story analysis. Storytelling sessions, which varied in context, collected 573 stories (i.e., 441 habitual, 132 hypothetical) from 28 ER nurses. Qualitative analysts used the framework’s instructions to identify and specify 383 user needs within the narratives. Empirical comparisons of the compiled needs across groups informed decision rules for elicitation method selection. The impact of the framework’s analysis instructions during design practice was investigated. Student design teams analyzed nurses’ safety stories to create a conceptual design for an identified design opportunity. Findings indicated a trend for stakeholder experts to rank conceptual designs created by teams with the instructions as more usable than teams without the framework’s instructions. The theoretical and practical exploration indicated a positive impact on design.Ph. D.
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Calotychos, Jean Andre. "Design to manufacture : a knowledge based flexible interface". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304622.
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Ritchie, Shawn W. 1965. "Rescuing endangered knowledge : a systems approach". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9752.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-81).
This research involves the identification and definition of"Endangered Knowledge" and outlines a tool that a firm can use to identify, capture, and reutilizes endangered knowledge. Endangered knowledge (EK) is valuable knowledge firms acquire during product development that has a high potential to be erased from a firm's memory. Two primary factors contribute to endangered knowledge. First, the firm does not believe the knowledge has future value, or does not take the time to correctly assess the value of the knowledge. Product development teams are usually under a great deal of time and financial pressures, and once a particular piece of knowledge has been acquired and applied to a specific process, it is quickly discarded. Second, an individual in a firm may realize that a piece of knowledge could have value to their team or another team in the future, but have no system in place which will enable them to effectively store and communicate that knowledge. In both cases, the knowledge is lost, ultimately costing the firm time and money to replace the lost learning. This paper can be broken up into four sections. The first section includes an introduction to endangered knowledge and provides two case studies where different product development teams wasted time and money because they were unable to access knowledge acquired by other members in their firm. The second section defines the terminology, (knowledge vs. information, learning vs. teaching, transfer vs. transform) and highlights knowledge management (KM) initiatives in existence today. The third section outlines five essential steps a knowledge management system must address in order to be effective. The final section introduces a new methodology product development teams can use to capture and reuse, or "rescue" endangered knowledge.
by Shawn W. Ritchie.
S.M.
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Chang, Han Chao. "Managing new product development : exploring the relationships between organisational knowledge structure and knowledge conversion under the moderating effect of strategy". Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2008. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/571/.
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The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cross-functional knowledge conversion within Taiwanese high-technology small and medium-sized enterprise's (SME) new product development (NPD) teams. An analysis of 107 Taiwanese high-technology SMEs' management characteristics found a complex knowledge structure is better adopted for cross-functional knowledge conversion during the NPD period than existing or simple knowledge structure models. In addition, a Processual strategy moderated the relationships between organisational knowledge structures and four-all steps within knowledge conversion to knowledge transfer; in contrast, Classical strategy was shown only to have moderated effects during the planning and developing stage of the NPD period. Following Blackler's (1995) organisational theory, this study also found the socialisation and externalisation stages require both knowledge features from communication-intensive organisation and symbolic-analyst-dependent organisation within the NPD team's knowledge conversion. Knowledge features from a knowledge-routinised organisation are required at the combination stage; and finally, the knowledge features from an expert-dependent organisation are required at the internalisation stage. Observed strategies can be categorised as being Classical or Processual oriented (Whittington, 1993). This study describes how the strategy moderates the relationship between the organisational knowledge structures and the four knowledge-creation steps, socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation for NPD teams. Results showed that the requirement upon strategy differed among stages within the NPD period. During the transfer process, Processual strategy moderated the relationships between organisational knowledge structures and steps within conversion to knowledge transfer during the planning, developing, marketing and commercialisation stages of the NPD period even the negative moderating effects showed in some stages. In contrast, Classical strategy was shown only to have negative moderating effects during the planning and developing stage. Survey results also showed that the highly formalised communication model and periodic meetings advocated by Song et al (1996 & 2002) were gradually replaced by a bounded transfer and less formalised approach. However this study does not find that a consistent approach to strategy, using either PS or CS is likely to smooth the NPD process between marketing and R & D in high technology Taiwanese firms. It is possible that other schools, such as the Evolutionary or Systemic schools suggested by Whittington may fit more closely than the two tested in this study; and this will be the topic of further investigation. However, it is clear that different stages require contradictory processes and outcome routines; thus it is likely that conflict and inconsistency is actually the normal by-product of successful NPD's knowledge conversion.
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Kerr, Sandra MacKenzie. "Customised viewpoint support for utilising experiential knowledge in design". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21337.
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This research aims to improve the effective utilisation of experiential design knowledge by supporting the extraction and subsequent use of knowledge from a store of design experiences. Current computational approaches that support the utilisation of experiential knowledge promote the regurgitation of knowledge from pre-defined viewpoints reflecting knowledge engineers' perspectives of designers' knowledge needs. However, from an investigation into the application of experiential knowledge, it is argued that designers can generate numerous viewpoints according to their own particular perspectives. Consequently, the perspectives imposed by current approaches may be of little use in design if they do not map onto those needed by a designer. A new approach, called 'customised viewpoint', is presented in this thesis as one that promotes the application of more relevant knowledge by generating appropriate viewpoints according to designers' perspectives. Numerical design is pre sented as a well-defined problem area within which this approach is developed, tested and evaluated. The PERSPECT system is the realisation of a 'customised viewpoint' tool developed by integrating and extending the functionality of three relevant existing systems: DESIGNER (a numerical design system), S-PLUS (an extensive data analysis package), and ECOBWEB (a concept formation system). PERSPECT provides valuable assistance; it supports a designer to (a) render new numerical domain models or check and update existing ones in the light of new design experiences, and (b) develop a design solution by (i) supporting the opportunistic utilisation of empirical equations and generalisations from generated customised viewpoints and (ii) reducing design complexity via the abstraction of an existing domain model. However, further work is required to improve PERSPECT's ability to support numerical design. The 'customised viewpoint' approach has been shown to compliment the CAD philosophy of "design assistance" but extensive work is still required to realise an ideal 'customised viewpoint' tool that fully supports the needs of practising designers.
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Chang, Tsiar-Yuan. "Representing knowledge patterns in a conceptual database design aid : a dual-base knowledge model". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4259/.
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The current status of the Knowledge-Based Database Design Systems (KBDDSs) is reviewed. It is shown that they do not resolve the problems of the identification of the relevant objects (relations) and the interpretation of the identified objects from the semantic-rich reality. Consequently, a theoretical architecture is developed to alleviate these problems by reusing the finished conceptual data schemata. By taking account of the essence of the reality and the problem-solving behaviour of experts, a new knowledge model called the Dual-Base Knowledge Model (DBKM), which involves two syngeristic knowledge structures, the concept and case bases, is constructed by the theories of conceptual knowledge in the psychological realm and the notions of relation and function from set theory. The aim is to provide rational and valid grounds for the support and interplay of these two bases in order to reuse the relevant old cases and facilitate the acquisition of new cases. Thus, the process model, which involves two process mechanisms, the case retrieval and knowledge accumulation mechanisms, is analysed according to the theory of the proposed DBKM. In this way, the feasibility of reusing the relevant schemata or part of them can be established in the DBKM architecture. The functionality of the DBKM architecture is tested by a simulated example to show how the relevant cases are recalled in the knowledge pool and the new knowledge is stored in the knowledge repository. The distinctions between the DBKM architecture and the frameworks of current KBDDSs and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) systems (from the knowledge-based system view), and between the DBKM and those knowledge models in current KBDDSs and rule-based data modelling approaches (from the knowledge-modelling view) are investigated to contrast the current levels of progress of the conceptual data modelling. This research establishes the feasibility of the DBKM architecture, although it demonstrates the need to accommodate the dynamic and functional aspects of the Universe of Discourse (UoD). The main contributions of the DBKM are (1) to provide a valid basis for complementing the environments supported by the current KBDDSs and a rational basis for creating the symbiosis of humans and computer; and (2) to moderate the beliefs underlying the fact-based school and provide a hermeneutic environment, so that the confusion of the current conceptualising work can be alleviated and the difficulty of the conceptualising task can be eased to some degree.