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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Gerstein, Stephanie Hannah. "Examining the Children's Depression Inventory factors' ability to predict outcomes of depression". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/MQ43876.pdf.

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2

Stone, Lindsey Beth. "Co-rumination and depression in children". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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3

Brozina, Karen. "Anxious and depressive symptoms in children : an examination of the common aetiology hypothesis of comorbid anxiety and depression". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102481.

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Despite the fact that the moods, symptoms, and disorders associated with anxiety and depression frequently co-occur in youth, very little is known about the developmental pathways leading to comorbid anxiety and depression. The common aetiology hypothesis proposes that anxiety and depression share common risk, vulnerability, and causal factors which increase the likelihood that they will co-occur. Such common aetiological factors are expected to temporally precede the onset of symptoms and to be uniquely associated with symptoms of each disorder, independent of the strong association between anxiety and depression. Previous research has identified vulnerability factors in the development of both anxious symptoms (e.g., behavioural inhibition) and depressive symptoms (e.g., pessimistic inferential styles) in children. However very little research has examined whether these vulnerability factors are specific to either anxious or depressive symptoms, or whether they are common to both. The purpose of the research presented in this dissertation was to examine the common aetiology hypothesis of anxiety and depression in children by evaluating the specificity of two well-established theories. In addition, the applicability of a diathesis-stress model to the development of anxious and depressive symptoms in children was examined. The research described in Chapter 2 examined behavioural inhibition and found that behaviourally inhibited children who experienced high levels of stress demonstrated increases in anxious, but not depressive symptoms across a six-week period. The research described in Chapter 3 examined the hopelessness theory and found that in the presence of high levels of stress, pessimistic inferential styles about causes, consequences, and the self predicted increases in hopelessness depression symptoms in children with low levels of initial hopelessness depression symptoms. Moreover, children with pessimistic inferential styles about either consequences or the self demonstrated increases in anxious symptoms across the six-week period, even after controlling for changes in hopelessness depression symptoms. These findings have several implications. In line with the common aetiology hypothesis, pessimistic inferential styles about consequences and the self appear to be common vulnerability factors. In contrast, behavioural inhibition and pessimistic inferential style about causes appear to be specific vulnerability factors for anxious symptoms and hopelessness depression symptoms respectively. Finally, vulnerability factors for both anxious and depressive symptoms appear to be amenable to a diathesis-stress framework.

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4

Berg, Derek H. "Exploring symptoms of depression in school children". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65601.pdf.

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5

Bartko, Walter Todd 1960. "DEPRESSION AND DYSFUNCTIONAL ATTITUDES OF PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276403.

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6

Brunner, Thomas Michael. "Evaluating anger, depression, and anxiety in aggressive/homicidal and depressive/suicidal children and adolescents". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000389.

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7

Brunner, Thomas Michael. "Evaluating Anger, Depression, and Anxiety in Aggressive/Homicidal and Depressive/Suicidal Children and Adolescents". Scholar Commons, 2003. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/969.

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The goals of this study were to evaluate anger, depression, and anxiety in children and adolescents with aggressive/homicidal (A/H) and depressive/suicidal (D/S) problems and to compare these clinical groups with each other and a normal control group. The State Trait Anger Expression Inventory for Children and Adolescents (STAXI C/A), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Pediatric Anxiety Scale (PANX) were administered to the Clinical (N=114) and Normal (N=353) groups ranging from 9-18 years of age. The Clinical group was comprised of 18 A/H, 87 D/S, and 18 Comorbid children with both problems. The Clinical group had significantly higher scores on the STAXI C/A State and Trait Anger and Anger-Out scales, and higher scores on the CDI Total scale and Interpersonal Problems, Negative Mood, and Negative Self-Esteem subscales. They also had higher PANX State Anxiety scores. These differences were primarily due to substantially higher Clinical Comorbid group scores. Similarly, the Clinical Comorbid scores on most of the anger, depression, and anxiety scales were higher than the Normal and Clinical scores. The D/S group had significantly higher scores than the A/H group on the STAXI C/A Anger-Out scale, the CDI Negative Mood subscale and the PANX State Anxiety scale. The D/S group has significantly higher scores than the Normals on the CDI Negative Mood, Interpersonal Problems, and Negative Self Esteem subscales, and a higher State Anxiety score. Although not statistically significant, the A/H group had noticeably higher Anger-In and Anger-Control/Out scores than the D/S group. In contrast, the scores of the A/H group on State and Trait Anger were somewhat lower than those of the other clinical groups, as well as the Normals. This pattern of findings for the A/H group was interpreted as possibly due to the operation of psychological defense mechanisms. The findings indicated the procedure for assignment into the A/H group was unrelated to the mean level of anger that they reported. Since assignment to clinical groups guided inpatient treatment planning, these results suggest that administration of anger, depression, and anxiety measures assessing both state and trait features would likely facilitate better assignment and more effective treatment.

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8

Stone, Debra S. Erickson. "Depression and behavioral problems in elementary school children". Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001stoned.pdf.

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9

Asseraf, Marielle. "Longitudinal Links between Perfectionism and Depression in Children". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30298.

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The temporal relationship between two types of perfectionism— self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP)— and depressive symptoms was examined in a sample of 653 children across Grades 6 (depressive symptoms only), 7, and 8. A vulnerability model, in which perfectionism affects depressive symptoms, was compared to a scar model, in which depressive symptoms affects perfectionism, and to a reciprocal-causality model, in which both constructs concurrently affect each other across time. Cross-lagged paths analyses using structural equation modeling supported a scar model where increases in depressive symptoms lead to increases in SPP, but not SOP. The findings applied to both boys and girls. Results suggest that in childhood, depressive symptoms increase the perception that others are expecting excessively high standards from oneself and the need to satisfy this perception.

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10

Brechin, Don. "Self-schema in children at risk for depression". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296876.

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11

Ventura, Mixel, i Emelinda Figueroa. "Elementary school teachers' recognition of depression in children". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1660.

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12

Strauss, Clara Yolanda. "Depression and the development of cognitive coping". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364546.

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13

Åhlén, Johan. "Universal prevention of anxiety and depression in school children". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-333033.

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Anxiety and depression are common in children and adolescents, and involve individual suffering, risk of future psychiatric problems, and high costs to society. However, only a limited number of children experiencing debilitating anxiety and depression are identified and receive professional help. One approach that could possibly reduce the prevalence of these conditions is universal school-based prevention aimed at reducing the impact of risk factors and strengthening protective factors involved in the development of anxiety and depression. The current thesis aimed to contribute to the literature on universal prevention of anxiety and depression in children. Study I involved a meta-analysis of earlier randomized, and cluster-randomized trials of universal prevention of anxiety and depression. Overall, the meta-analysis showed small but significant effects of universal preventive interventions, meaning that lower levels of anxiety and depression were evident after intervention completion and partially evident at follow-up assessments. No variables were found to significantly enhance the effects, however, there was a tendency for larger effects to be associated with mental health professionals delivering the interventions. In Study II, a widely adopted prevention program called Friends for Life was evaluated in a large school-based cluster-randomized effectiveness trial. The results showed no evidence of an intervention effect for the whole sample. However, children with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline and children with teachers who highly participated in supervision, seemed to benefit from the intervention in the short term. Study III involved a 3-year follow-up of Study II and an examination of the effects of sample attrition. The results showed no long-term effects for the whole sample and no maintenance of the short-term subgroup effects observed in Study II. Finally, to increase our understanding of the development of anxiety in children and to assist future improvements of universal prevention, Study IV evaluated different trajectories of overall anxiety together with related patterns of disorder-specific symptoms in a school-based sample over 39 months. Evidence favored a model of three different developmental trajectories across age. One trajectory was characterized by increasing levels of overall anxiety, but fluctuating disorder-specific symptoms arguably related to the normal challenges of children’s developmental level, which warrants an increased focus on age-relevant challenges in universal prevention. The four studies provide further understanding of the overall effectiveness of universal prevention of anxiety and depression in children, the short- and long-term effects of universal prevention in a Swedish context, and ideas for further development of preventive interventions.

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14

Wolcott, Katherine A. "Symptoms of depression in siblings of children with ADHD". Thesis, Alfred University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10103830.

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Having a sibling with a disability has been found to have negative psychological effects, such as depression; however, very little research has focused solely on siblings of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study attempted to highlight whether siblings of children with ADHD experience depression symptomology to a greater degree than siblings of children without disabilities. Participants were included in the current study based on meeting the following criteria: target participants were between the ages of 6 and 17 with a biological sibling who may or may not carry a diagnosis of ADHD. Families came from 2 groups based on the siblings’ diagnosis. Seven families with at least 1 child with ADHD, and 11 families with all non-disabled children participated. Parents were asked to complete an informed consent and demographic questionnaire, as well as the Conners Rating Scale for ADHD, Third Edition, Short Form (Conners-3) on the target participant to ensure that he/she did not meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Taqrget participants were asked to complete an assent form, as well as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). Two multiple regressions were completed. Results, omitting a statistical outlier within the group consisting of families with a child with ADHD, indicated that siblings of non-disabled children experienced more symptoms of depression than siblings of children with ADHD; however, results including the statistical outlier indicated that both groups of siblings experience similar symptomology of depression. Both results were contrary to the researcher’s hypothesis. Given the small sample size of the current study, the individuals that participated in the study may not be a representative sample, and additional research is therefore needed. Overall, the findings of the current study will guide researchers in further investigating this most important topic, and therefore, addressing how to better support families with children with ADHD.

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15

Dobrowolski, Stephanie. "Mechanisms of resilience for children of mothers with depression". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29f473aa-f378-4580-a54b-59a0e105f820.

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Maternal depression is a common mental health disorder that can have significant adverse effects on child functioning, including increased rates of child behaviour problems. Adopting a resilience approach highlights that despite the increased risk there is considerable variation in child behaviour development, although mechanisms through which this occurs are not well understood. This thesis investigates positive parenting, harsh parenting, and child inhibitory control as developmentally salient processes that may explain why some children of mothers with depression develop more positive behaviours than others. Analyses were conducted using data from the Early Steps Multisite Study, a longitudinal randomised controlled trial that includes 731 ethnically diverse families from three sites across the United States. Baseline measures were completed at child age 2, with annual follow-up assessments until age 8. These analyses used mother self-reported depressive symptoms, observed measures of parenting, alternate caregiver-reported child inhibitory control, and mother- and teacher-reported child externalising behaviours. Categorical and continuous variables of maternal depression and child behaviour were tested to explore the implications of different analytic approaches, particularly with reference to the concept of resilience. Logistic regression results indicate that child inhibitory control is a robust predictor of developmentally normative behaviours for children of mothers with depression and children in general. Linear regression results support a risk-specific effect of harsh parenting, such that it interacts with maternal depression to predict increased externalising behaviours specifically for children of mothers with depression. Positive parenting appears to predict the behaviour of children in general but not the behaviour of children of mothers with depression. Path analyses indicate that between the ages of 2 and 4, harsh parenting partially mediates the association between maternal depression and child externalising behaviours. Moderated mediation results suggest that children with lower levels of inhibitory control elicit increased harsh parenting behaviours from mothers both with and without depression. Cross-lagged path analyses provide support for reciprocal influence between maternal depression, harsh parenting, and child externalising behaviour, and suggest an impact of maternal depression severity on the establishment of negative patterns of mother-child interactions from age 2. The findings of this thesis support the importance of reducing harsh parenting behaviours particularly for mothers with depression and of improving child self-regulation from an early age. The concept of resilience as a dimensional and potentially reciprocal process is discussed in the context of maternal depression and child behaviour development. Results emphasise that both mother and child are actively involved in influencing processes of resilience. From early childhood, there is a need to support more adaptive patterns of behaviour between mothers with depression and their children in order to increase the likelihood of positive child outcomes over time.

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16

Kobe, Frank H. III. "Depression in Children with Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities". The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392812462.

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17

Kobe, Frank H. "Depression in children with mental retardation and developmental disabilities /". The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688507504852.

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18

Hamway, Rose Marie. "The treatment of depression in children with learning disabilities". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187150.

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Research indicates that a relationship exists between depression and impaired cognitive functioning. When depression is treated, improvements occur in cognitive functioning, both for children and adults. A great many children with LD evidence coexisting symptoms of depression, yet research is non-existent regarding the treatment of depression in special education populations and possible improvements in academic functioning. This study utilized a multiple-probe design to identify the effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on academic variables in four adolescent participants identified as learning disabled and depressed. Homework completion and on-task behaviors were the two dependent measures as well as pre-and post-data on the levels of depressive symptomology and self-concept. The results showed that decreasing the symptoms of depression in the participants resulted in increased homework completion and on-task behaviors in the classroom which were maintained for two weeks post-intervention. Future research is needed to evaluate the long term maintenance and generalizability of the effects of this procedure.

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19

Honjo, Shuji, Takanori Nishide, Sachiko Niwa, Yasuko Sasaki, Hitoshi Kaneko, Kayo Inoko i Yumie Nishide. "School refusal and depression with school inattendance in children and adolescents: Comparative assessment between the Children's Depression Inventory and somatic complaints". Blackwell, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7211.

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20

Taghavi, Seyed Mohammad Reza. "Cognitive aspects of clinical anxiety in children and adolescents". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338385.

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21

Pakonen, Katrina L. Graybill Daniel Franklin. "Examination of irritability in depression among youth". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064498.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2001.
Title from title page screen, viewed March 21, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Daniel Graybill (chair), Connie B. Horton, Karen S. Pfost, Mark E. Swerdlik. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-90) and abstract. Also available in print.

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22

Uhrlass, Dorothy J. "Children's self-perceived competence and prospective changes in depression and social anxiety". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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23

Claxton, Jade. "Depression in trauma-exposed children and adolescents : an exploration of risk factors and PTSD-depression comorbidity". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66838/.

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Background: Whilst traumatic exposure appears common and the majority remain resilient, some go on to develop depression and PTSD. Childhood and adolescence is a critical period for more deleterious and long-term impacts of trauma exposure; but crucially to date research has been limited. Post-traumatic depression and PTSD-depression comorbidity are particular facets of child and adolescent trauma responses that require increased focus. Aims: This portfolio presents two research elements: a synthesis of the literature aims to examine risk factors for post-traumatic depression in children and adolescents; an empirical study aims to investigate cognitive appraisals, cognitive avoidance and rumination as potential shared cognitive vulnerabilities in PTSD and depression. Methods: a systematic keyword search of the literature between 1980 and 2016 yielded 647 studies. Fifty-nine studies were identified for inclusion (N=45,688) and meta-analyses were conducted for 12 potential risk factors for post-traumatic depression. A community sample of 280 school-aged adolescents (12-15 years) reporting trauma exposure completed measures of PTSS, depression, trauma-related and depressogenic appraisals, cognitive avoidance and rumination. Findings: Pre-trauma and peri-trauma risk factors largely generated small effect sizes (r=.10 – r=.21) whereas post-trauma risk factors largely generated moderate to large effect sizes (r=.29 – r=.58). Comorbid PTSD was the most prominent risk factor. Negative cognitive appraisals, cognitive avoidance and rumination were found to be strong, equivalent correlates of PTSS and depression symptoms; endorsed by all probable diagnostic groups; and significant predictors in hierarchical regression models of PTSS and depression symptoms. Conclusions: post-trauma environment and responses appear important in determining post-traumatic depression in children in adolescents. Cognitive appraisals, cognitive avoidance and rumination are found to be shared cognitive vulnerabilities in PTSD and depression and may underlie comorbidity. Targets for assessment, monitoring and treatment are highlighted.

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24

Encoy, Michael C. "Determinants of depression amongst children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1524194.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has emerged as one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders and has been shown to have a negative impact on quality oflife, adversely affecting individuals scholastically, socially, and financially as adolescents and into adulthood. The goal of this study was to identify predictors of depression amongst children with ADHD to better develop early treatment methods. Analysis of the 2009 California Healthcare Interview Survey (CHIS) was conducted in identifying determinants of depression. Two hypotheses were tested. The first found that gender was a predictor of depression; however, the hypothesis that girls had a higher chance of developing depression was not supported. The second produced an insignificant relationship between depression and race, failing to support the assumption that Hispanics would be more susceptible to depression. Further discussion was provided on possible applications to clinical methods and implications to future research.

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25

Raffo, Benavides Luis F. "Depression and self-Concept in institutionalized and non-instituionalized children". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99854.

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This article reports a research on depression and self-concept in Peruvian children exposed ro negarive socioafective situations. Ir emphasizes the importance and specific characteristics of depression both from a psychological and clinical point of view. The sample consisred ofboys between 8 and 14 years old, 35 institutionalized, 30 from a marginal district of Lima and 20 with a depression diagnosis. The objective of the study was ro analyse the correlation between both variables, compare rhe scores in the three groups, and the adaptation of the CDI (Children Depressive Inventory, Kovacs, 1983}. Results show a signifcative negative correlation between depression and self-concept. Ir is found that institutionalization and low SES influence the degree of depression, however, ir has less importance in self-concept. The instruments are valid and reliable.
El estudio investiga la depresión y el autoconcepto en grupos de niños Peruanos expuestos a situaciones socioafectivas negativas, destacando la importancia y características especificas de este desorden en el campo psicológico y clínico. Fueron seleccionados 35 niños institucionalizados, 30 niños de una zona marginal de Lima y 20 niños con diagnóstico de depresión; todos varones entre 8 y 14 años. Se estudió la correlación entre ambas variables, se comparó los puntajes a nivel intergrupal y se adaptó el CDI (Children Depressive Inventory, Kovacs, 1983). Se obtuvo una correlación negativa y significativa entre las variables de depresión y autoconcepto. Asimismo, se encuentra que la institucionalización y el bajo nivel socioeconómico tienen influencia en el grado de depresión hallado en los niños examinados, en cambio tienen poca trascendencia en el nivel de autoconcepto. La evaluación de la validez y confiabillidad de los instrumentos utilizados brinda resultados óptimos, presentándose datos adicionales importantes.

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26

Lothestein, Mary Anne W. "Depression and maternal attribution style in mothers of preschool children". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056129807.

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27

Westwell, Nikki. "Autobiographical memory, emotional intelligence, emotion focusing and depression in children". Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/autobiographical-memory-emotional-intelligence-emotion-focusing-and-depression-in-children(7bb7083c-464b-419c-8a31-a39e4d381070).html.

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The link between overgeneral autobiographical memory (ANI) and depression has been well established in adults and in limited research on adolescents. Major theories propose that overgeneral AM is a consequence of childhood trauma, serving to minimise negative affect associated with aversive memories. The body of research in the area tends to support the premise that overgeneral ANI function as a short-term protective factor against memories of distressing experiences. However, in tile longer term, it may interact with other mechanisms such as rumination, social problem solving and working memory capacity, resulting in Vulnerability to depression. Understanding the developmental course of overgeneral AM in people Suffering from depression is important in the design and implementation of interventions for both children and adults suffering with depressed mood. This large-scale research project reviewed and critically evaluated studies on autobiographical memory across the lifespan in the context of the models of AM such as the Affect Regulation Hypothesis and Working Memory Capacity theories of Williams (1996). The aim of the current study was to explore the relationships between measures of AM, depressed mood, emotional intelligence and a new paradigm known as emotion focusing, in a non-clinical sample of 58 primary school age children. No statistically significant relationships were found between the constructs and children categorised as high and low in depression did not differ significantly on any of the measures suggesting that overgeneral AM may not be associated with depression in this age group. An analysis of effect sizes indicated that more depressed children may become increasingly reliant on an overgeneral retrieval style with age. This finding is potentially clinically meaningful and worthy of discussion. Limitations of the research and directions for future investigation, particularly those including longitudinal designs, are discussed. In addition, the theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

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28

Goetz, Cameron Allen. "Social skills and social problem solving as stress protective factors in childhood depression". Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992800.

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29

Fontaine, Eve Nicole. "The relation between family functioning and psychological adjustment in children with asthma and children with diabetes". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4723.

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The goals of this study were to evaluate the relationships among family functioning, psychological adjustment, and health-related quality of life in children with asthma and children with diabetes. A secondary goal of this study was to examine the relations between illness severity, psychological adjustment, and health-related quality of life in the children with asthma. Participants included 41 children with asthma and 109 children with diabetes, and one primary caregiver of each child. Questionnaires were given to children to assess their levels of anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life. Questionnaires pertaining to parenting stress, family functioning, and psychological adjustment also were completed by the participating primary caregiver. Results suggested these two groups of children do not differ in their psychological adjustment, family functioning, or health-related quality of life. Normal levels of anxiety and depression were reported, which both supports and contradicts current research in this area. Additionally, parenting stress mediated the relationship between family cohesion and parent-reported depression in children with diabetes; however, this result was not obtained in the children with asthma. In children with diabetes, significant relationships were found between self-reported anxiety and parenting stress and between parent-reported anxiety and health-related quality of life. Additionally, parent-reported depression was significantly related to parenting stress, health-related quality of life, and family cohesion. Self-reported depression was significantly predicted by health-related quality of life. In children with asthma, health-related quality of life significantly predicted self-reported anxiety and parenting stress was significantly related to parentreported depression. Illness severity did not predict psychological adjustment or healthrelated quality of life in children with asthma.

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30

Grinberg, Daisy I. "Depression, hopelessness, and global self-worth in a non-clinical child sample". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35233.

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The relationship between hopelessness and depression in a non-clinical sample of children (mean age = 10.75 years) was examined. A systematic comparison of three models of the role of hopelessness and global self-worth in childhood depression was conducted. The Children's Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1983), the Self-Perception Profile for Students with Learning Disabilities (Renick & Harter, 1988), and the Hopelessness Scale for Children (Kazdin, French, Unis, Esveldt-Dawson, & Sherick, 1983) were administered. Results suggest that depressed children are hopeless but that hopeless children are not necessarily depressed; global self-worth and hopelessness are highly overlapping constructs; and no gender differences are present in childhood hopelessness. Results are interpreted with reference to the theoretical implications regarding the relative support of a new theory of depression and hopelessness, versus Greene's (1989) theory of the independence of hopelessness and depression as constructs, Beck's (1967) cognitive triad theory, and Haaga, Dyck, and Ernst's(1991) single dimension model of depression.

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31

Dooley, Sandra Y. "A Comparison of Adult Children of Alcoholic Families with Adult Children from Non-Alcoholic Families: a Replication". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279247/.

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The purpose of this study was to re-examine the issue of whether adult children of alcoholics experience more depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem than do children of non-alcoholic families. This study is a replication of the study of David Dodd, entitled A Comparison of Adult Children of Alcoholic Families with Adult Children from Non-Alcoholic Families. 1990. The measures used in this study were as follows: Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Coopersmith Adult Self-Esteem Inventory, and a questionnaire developed by this writer designed to obtain family history regarding not only alcoholism, but other issues of family dysfunctionality as well. The subjects for this study were 231 students enrolled in the counselor education program at this university, all aged 19 or older. Of the 230 subjects, 31 were male and 199 were female. Eleven males identified themselves as children of alcoholics, as measured by the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, and 60 females identified themselves as children of alcoholics. Thus, a total of 71 subjects in this study were identified as children of alcoholics. T-tests were conducted to see whether any differences existed between the male and female groups. No significant differences were found. Results of this study showed that family dysfunctionality rather than parental alcoholism was the factor of variability regarding depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. There appears to be a strong relationship between parental alcoholism and family dysfunctionality, but dysfunctionality clearly has more impact upon depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in the adult children of these families than does alcoholism.

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Early, Martha C. "Observed positive and negative behaviors in children relation to anxiety and depression symptoms /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6108.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 21, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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Drummond, Lyndsey Elizabeth. "Emotion-related information processing biases associated with depression in childhood". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2657.

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Few studies have examined depression in children from an Information Processing (IP) perspective. In this thesis a number of domains of IP (known to be associated with adult depression)are examined in children and adolescents, in particular, autobiographical memory specificity in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Foremost, overgeneral memory (OGM) was found for the first time, to be characteristic of dysphoric (Study 1) and clinically depressed children (Study 2). Similarity in the extent of the OGM bias in depressed and dysphoric children was observed. OGM was also comparable across child, adolescent and adult depressed groups (Study 2). Second, OGM predicted depressive symptoms in children during a stressful life event, in the first longitudinal diathesis-stress investigation of OGM to date (Study 3). OGM was also linked for the first time to an overgeneral thinking style and to a depressive attributional style (Study 3) thereby offering possible mechanistic insight in OGM. Third, in support of Williams' (1996) developmental origins hypothesis, OGM was also demonstrated in children in residential care who had suffered significant independently verified negative life events (Study 5). OGM in these youth was positively correlated with deficits in social problem solving and facial-affect identification, in part contextualizing OGM in children alongside depresso-typical biases. Performance on the AMT also varied as a function of severity of abuse with more abused children demonstrating less OGM -a recency memorial coping strategy is proposed to account for this effect. Fourth, a new measure of EF was introduced and highlights the importance of encoding preferences in explaining 0GM (Studies I& 5). Finally, considerable attention is paid to the pattern of valence results across studies. It is noted that effects most often lie with biases in the processing of positive information and that future studies may benefit from a concentration on this aspect of depressogenic bias utilizing a developmental perspective. Several key theoretical and practical implications are carefully discussed.

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Weinberg, Laura Bruder. "The Effects of Depression and Anxiety in Children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition". NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/74.

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Anxiety and depressive disorders are among the most common mental health problems diagnosed in children and adolescents, and numerous theories explaining why children experience these debilitating disorders have been proposed. Established diagnostic criteria that differentiate anxious and depressive symptomatology characterize both groups of disorders as having an adverse effect on the child's academic and social functioning. While research has sought to examine the cognitive effects these disorders have on adults, there is relatively limited research on the cognitive effects in children and adolescents. The available research literature examining effects of anxiety and depression on intelligence test performance is also inconclusive, and there are no studies that characterize the effects of these disorders on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth edition. The purpose of the study was to clarify the effects of childhood anxiety and depression on intelligence test scores using the current fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Participants were selected from an archival database from a neuropsychology clinic and separated into two groups according to clinical diagnosis. No significant differences were found between the children and adolescents diagnosed with clinical disorders and the standardization sample or in idiographic analyses with regard to the WISC-IV Full Scale IQ or the Working Memory Index. The Processing Speed Index was found to be significantly lower than the Verbal Comprehension Index in children diagnosed with major depressive disorder. This finding was not observed in the anxiety disorders group. Examination of component subtest score patterns showed that Coding and Symbol Search were reduced in the depression group. This finding is consistent with previous studies, which suggest that reduced performance on the Processing Speed Index may be attributed to psychomotor retardation in major depressive disorder.

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Greget, Joseph A. "Survey of junior high school teachers knowledge related to depression in children". Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999gregetj.pdf.

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Shay, Nicole Lynn Knutson John F. "The connection between maternal depression, parenting, and child externalizing disorders". Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/433.

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Sanders, Alexis Y. "The Usefulness of a Modified Version of the Children’s Depression Inventory with Young Children: Comparing Parent and Child Perspectives". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148581577.

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Blain-Arcaro, Christine. "Longitudinal Associations between Externalizing Problems and Depression in Children and Adolescents". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34603.

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Although researchers have often focused on the victims of aggression, the detrimental effects of engaging in aggression and/or displaying symptoms of externalizing disorders have been clearly identified in children and adolescents. Longstanding consequences of externalizing problems include internalizing difficulties such as depression. There is an increasing interest in identifying the direction of effect and understand whether externalizing problems precede internalizing problems, vice-versa, or whether they share a bi-directional relation. However, the study of the temporal sequence between aggression, externalizing disorders, and internalizing disorders in children and adolescents has yielded inconsistent findings. The sequential relation between externalizing and internalizing difficulties in children and adolescents was examined in this dissertation consisting of three studies. In Study 1, the moderating role of worry in the relation between aggression and depression was examined. The sample consisted of girls nominated as either relationally or physically aggressive by their peers. Results indicated that worry exacerbated the risk of reporting elevated depressive symptoms concurrently and one year later for physically aggressive girls. In Study 2, three competing hypotheses on the longitudinal relation between aggression and depression were compared. Findings from this study supported the hypothesis that symptoms of depression are preceded by aggressive behaviour. Additionally, it was found that engaging in physical aggression predicted depressive symptoms for girls but not for boys. The results of the first two studies suggest that for girls, engaging in non-normative forms of aggression is associated with greater mental health problems. In Study 3, the temporal relation between symptoms of externalizing disorders, namely oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, and symptoms of depression was examined. Results provided support that the progressive relation between symptoms of externalizing and internalizing disorders was bi-directional. In summary, although it seems that engaging in externalizing behaviour, such as aggression, predicts symptoms of depression, findings from the third study suggest that the sequential relation between symptoms of externalizing problems, which may or may not include aggressive behaviour, and symptoms of depression seem to share a reciprocal relation.

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Maubach, Diane. "The comorbid relationship of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ41235.pdf.

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Stacey, James. "The intergenerational transmission of anxiety and depression from fathers to children". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510430.

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Brown, Mallory. "Caregiver Depression and Social Support in Families with Children with Autism". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18306.

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Parents of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often report heightened levels of parental distress. An increasing amount of attention is being directed to parental mental health and addressing the well-being of the entire family system. In order to best serve families raising children with ASDs, the present study sought to better understand the relation between social support, various risk factors, and caregiver depression. Data were collected from 60 families with children 2—7 years with ASDs through the use of extensive, in-home interviews with primary caregivers. Mothers reported the availability and helpfulness of both formal and informal supports. Similar to previous research, mothers also reported elevated levels of depression. In the present sample, more than half of mothers reported depressive symptoms at or above the cut-off for mild depressive symptomatology. Both child-related variables (autism symptomatology, atypical behavior) and service-related variables (satisfaction with the education eligibility process, satisfaction with sources of information about ASDs) were predictive of maternal depression. Social support and maternal depression were not related.

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42

Goodness, Kelly R. "Depression in Sixth-Grade Early Adolescents: Effects of Intimate Support, Relationship Conflict, and Self-Efficacy". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279405/.

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Depressive symptomology was examined in this study as a function of conflict and intimate support with parents, friends, and siblings among a non-clinical sample of 223 predominately white sixth-grade early adolescents. Moreover, sixth-graders' depressive symptomology was examined as a function of conflict management self-efficacy and intimate support self-efficacy. The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to explore the effects of intimate support and conflict in family and friend relationships on sixth-grade early adolescent depressive symptomology, 2) to determine whether poor conflict management skills self-efficacy and poor intimate support self-efficacy are linked with depressive symptomology in sixth-grade early adolescents. Friend relationship qualities had little impact on depression in sixth-graders. However, the presence of conflict and deficits in family intimate support, especially from parents, was associated with increased depression. Increased levels of depression also corresponded with lower ratings of conflict management self-efficacy and intimate support self-efficacy. Moreover, relationship difficulties combined with self-efficacy deficits to affect depression.

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Conde, Joann M. "Symptoms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: The impact of residential fire". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4339/.

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This study examined symptoms of anxiety and depression in 99 children and adolescents following a residential fire. Children and their parents completed self-administered questionnaires regarding the fire and their current functioning. The most commonly experienced symptoms were worry/ oversensitivity, anhedonia, negative mood, and fear of failure and criticism. There were no significant ethnic differences across symptomology. Exposure was directly related to parental report of child internalizing behaviors, whereas loss was unrelated to symptoms. Level of support (general and fire related) and active coping were directly associated with positive child adjustment. The impact of negative life events was related to poorer functioning. Overall, a child's environment and coping strategy appear to be the best predictors of adjustment following a residential fire.

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Luebbe, Aaron M. "Specificity of anxiety and depression in social problem-solving response construction and selection in children /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418047.

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Aldridge, Kay Diane. "The relationship between beliefs about symptom etiology and adult responses to depressed children". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184438.

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Recent research has demonstrated that depressed people elicit rejection and induce negative mood in those with whom they interact. The present study sought to replicate earlier research which demonstrated these effects in adult-child interactions when the child was depressed. It also was designed to determine how establishing a mental set about the etiology of a particular child's depression would mediate these findings. A total of 80 male and 80 female undergraduates viewed one of three tapes of a child actress interacting with an adult. The roles portrayed were those of a depressed child, a nondepressed but highly stressed child, and a normal nondepressed control child. Subjects who viewed the depressed child were also assigned to three different groups which either received no information about the child's mood and behavior, were told she was depressed due to physical causes, or that she was depressed due to a pattern of negative thinking. Subjects provided an explanation of the depression were also given an informative summary to read about the etiology of the depression. The depressed child was more rejected than the normal and stressed child, but providing a physical explanation of the depression significantly mediated the effect. Subjects did not differ in their expressed desire for further interaction with the normal and depressed child, but did express greater desire to interact when the depression was explained as a physical disorder than when no information was presented. The nondepressed normal child was viewed as significantly higher in general functioning than the child in any other role. Two mood induction findings were significant. Subjects viewing the normal control expressed higher degrees of positive affect than those viewing any other child. Subjects who viewed the depressed child without any further information were significantly more depressed than those in any other condition. Groups did not differ on measures of anxiety and hostility. Subjects did endorse differential intervention suggestions based on the role portrayal. These results are discussed in relation to the interpersonal model of depression and in terms of their implications for clinical practice.

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Sabo, Jason M. "Relative risk of comorbid disorders with childhood and adolescent depressive disorders". Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1379125.

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The purpose of this research was to examine the proportion of clients diagnosed with a depressive disorder who also exhibit one or more comorbid disorders. In addition, this study examined multiple aspects of age and gender associated with comorbid disorders in an attempt to better inform treatment and diagnosis of depressive disorders and associated disorders and to answer two questions: 1) What is the proportion of clients diagnosed with a depressive disorder who also exhibit one or more comorbid disorders; and 2) Are there significant differences in number of comorbid disorders among developmental stages and gender. The current study helps to shed light on the understanding of comorbid disorders related to childhood and adolescent depression. Previously, no other study had investigated the changes in comorbidity that take place across childhood development.The present study used an archival data set obtained from the Dean-Woodcock Neurological Battery. Participants included patients that had been referred for psychological and neuropsychological evaluation and treatment at a large outpatient Midwestern neurology practice. For the purpose of the present study, participants were selected from the data set for analysis if he or she were diagnosed with a depressive disorder and were than nineteen-years of age. The sample included 136 males and 74 females (n=210). The ages of the participants ranged from 4 year-old to 18 years-old. Results of an ordinal regression revealed that males were significantly more likely to have a greater number of comorbid diagnoses than females. Additionally, participants appeared to exhibit a greater number of comorbid disorders as the age of the participant increased.
Department of Educational Psychology

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Seligman, Laura Diane. "Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: A developmental analysis". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37640.

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The purpose of the current study was to examine a model explaining a pathway from anxiety to depression in youth. Additionally, a second model was considered examining specifically the worry component of anxiety and its role in the development of depression. Path analyses were used to examine the relationships between general anxiety and worry and academic competence and functioning, social competence and functioning, attributional style, hopelessness, and depression. In addition, the impact of sex and cognitive ability on these relationships was examined. Results revealed that anxious and depressive symptomatology were significantly correlated. Further, some support was found to suggest that the significant relationship between self-reported anxiety and depression was partially mediated through social and/or academic variables as well as attributional style and hopelessness. While sex was not found to significantly impact these relationships, cognitive ability did moderate the relationship between worry and academic functioning even when other variables were considered simultaneously. The implications of these findings for treatment and research are discussed.
Ph. D.

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Longmire, Kristen M. "Vulnerability to childhood depression : race and age differences /". Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/longmirek/kristenlongmire.pdf.

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Giauque, Amy Leigh Bailey. "Relationships between cohesion and depression in parents of children with developmental disabilities /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1105.pdf.

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Ettel, Deborah Jean. "The measurement of emotion regulation : a confirmatory analysis /". Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10220.

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