Artykuły w czasopismach: „Department of Living Invertebrates”

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Valentine, James W., Vicki Pearse, John Pearse, Ralph Buchsbaum i Mildred Buchsbaum. "Living Invertebrates". PALAIOS 2, nr 4 (1987): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514765.

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Doyle, Erin, i Marie-Caroline Lefort. "Establishing a comprehensive invertebrate and vegetation inventory of Auckland Zoo, Aotearoa / New Zealand". Perspectives in Biodiversity 1, nr 1 (2.10.2023): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/pibdiv.001105.

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Invertebrates are major contributors to biodiversity with important roles in ecosystem function but are often overlooked in conservation work in favour of larger, charismatic species. Invertebrates living outside of captive conditions may have the potential to affect zoo activities, and it has been suggested that zoos might contribute to invertebrate conservation programs by providing suitable habitat for these organisms. In this study, a survey of invertebrates living in non-fenced areas of Auckland Zoo was carried out to explore the relationship between the vegetation and invertebrate communities throughout the zoo grounds. A total of 6,133 invertebrate specimens were collected in pitfall traps over a ten-day period in January of 2018. Using morphospecies as surrogates for species, differences in invertebrate community structure in different non-fenced areas were assessed. No significant relationship between native vegetation and native invertebrates was detected.

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Murkin, Henry R., i Bruce D. J. Batt. "THE INTERACTIONS OF VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN PEATLANDS AND MARSHES". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 119, S140 (1987): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm119140015-1.

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AbstractThis paper reviews the interactions of vertebrates and invertebrates in peatlands and marshes to assess current knowledge and future research needs. Living organisms may interact through a number of direct trophic and nutrient pathways and a variety of non-trophic, habitat-dependent relationships. Freshwater marshes and peatlands are dynamic aquatic environments and organisms that occupy these areas must be adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The avian community illustrates the main interactions of invertebrates and vertebrates in peatlands and marshes. Waterfowl, along with fish and furbearers, are the most economically important vertebrates using these habitats. Each of these groups has important trophic and habitat links to the invertebrates within wetlands.The most common interaction between vertebrates and invertebrates is the use of invertebrates as food by vertebrates. Few studies, however, have dealt with trophic dynamics or secondary production within wetlands. Waterfowl, fish, and many other wetland vertebrates, during all or part of their life cycles, regularly feed on invertebrates. Some invertebrates are vectors of disease and parasites to vertebrates. Vertebrates can directly affect the structural substrate that invertebrates depend on as habitat through consumption of macrophytes or through the use of living and dead plant material in the construction of houses and nests. Conversely, herbivorous invertebrates may directly affect the survival and distribution of macrophytes in wetlands. Macrophyte distribution, in turn, is an important factor in determining vertebrate use of wetlands. The general lack of both taxonomic and ecological information on invertebrates in wetlands is the main hindrance to future elucidation of vertebrate–invertebrate interactions in these environments. Development of invertebrate sampling techniques suitable for wetland habitats also is necessary. More specific research needs must be met to develop a better understanding of the structure and function of these dynamic systems.

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Love, Milton S., Mary M. Nishimoto, Linda Snook i Li Kui. "An analysis of the sessile, structure-forming invertebrates living on California oil and gas platforms". Bulletin of Marine Science 95, nr 4 (1.10.2019): 583–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2017.1042.

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Using video transects of oil and gas platform crossbeams off central and southern California, we characterized the structure-forming invertebrates (with a height of at least 20 cm) found around 23 oil and gas platforms at depths between 20 and 363 m. We observed 20,357 individual invertebrates, comprising 19,800 Cnidaria and 557 Porifera of at least 15 species or species groups. Metridium farcimen (Brandt, 1835) was by far the most commonly observed cnidarian, forming 97.6% of all invertebrates catalogued. The alcyonacean, Leptogorgia chilensis (Verrill, 1868), and the scleractinian, Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758), were the most commonly observed corals. White vase sponges (most or all in the family Aphrocallistidae) were the most abundant of the sponges (comprising 38.4% observed). We also documented a variety of unidentified foliose, barrel, and other various-shaped sponges. The height of these invertebrates ranged from 20 to 80 cm. Taxa displayed a variety of depth patterns. Some, such as M. farcimen, unidentified white vase sponges, and L. pertusa, were found throughout most or all of the survey depth range, while others (notably the gorgonians L. chilensis, Placogorgia spp., and Acanthogorgia spp.) were found over a relatively narrow range. Invertebrate assemblages tended to be similar among many platforms reflecting species similarities over a broad range of platform depths. Based on these relationships, it is apparent that the assemblages of structure-forming invertebrates varied by depth rather than geography.

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Lv, Zhiyi, Qiongxuan Lu i Bo Dong. "Morphogenesis: a focus on marine invertebrates". Marine Life Science & Technology 1, nr 1 (listopad 2019): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42995-019-00016-z.

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AbstractMorphogenesis is a process describing how the shapes of living tissues and bodies are created during development. Living and fossil organisms exhibit enormously diverse tissue architecture and body forms, although the functions of organs are evolutionally conserved. Current knowledge reveals that relatively conserved mechanisms are applied to control development among different species. However, the regulations of morphogenesis are quite diverse in detail. Animals in the ocean display a wide range of diversity of morphology suitable for their seawater environment. Nevertheless, compared with the intensive studies on terrestrial animals, research on marine animal morphogenesis is still insufficient. The increasing genomic data and the recently available gene editing methods, together with the fast development of imaging techniques, quantitative analyses and biophysical models, provide us the opportunities to have a deeper understanding of the principles that drive the diverse morphogenetic processes in marine animals. In this review, we summarize the recent studies of morphogenesis and evolution at molecular, cellular and tissue levels, with a focus on three model marine animals, namely ascidians, sea urchins and sea anemones.

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Dauvin, Jean-Claude, i Michelle Joncourt. "Energy Values of Marine Benthic Invertebrates from the Western English Channel". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, nr 3 (sierpień 1989): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540003099x.

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Energy values of many cold-water marine invertebrates are available (see Wacasey & Atkinson, 1987 and Brey et al, 1988), but energy values of temperate-water marine invertebrates have not been systematically investigated. In an attempt to determine the energy content of the macrobenthic communities from the bay of Morlaix (western English Channel), the caloric values in a large number of species living in these communities has been measured. This paper is presented as a contribution to the knowledge of the energy content of macrobenthic invertebrates from a temperate sea.

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Sazhnev, Alexey S., Aleksandr V. Artemyev i Aleksandr V. Matyukhin. "Beetles (Coleoptera) in nests of the European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas, 1764) in the southeast of the Ladoga area (Republic of Karelia)". Ecosystem Transformation 5, nr 2 (2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/estr-220106.

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Invertebrates collected in the Republic of Karelia in 2016 from nests of the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas, 1764) are analyzed and 516 specimens of invertebrates are identified. The vast majority of these invertebrates are Hymenoptera (ants of the genus Camponotus) – 46.6% and various beetles (Coleoptera) – 46.37%. An annotated list of 38 species of beetle from 22 families is presented. The beetle fauna of the studied European pied flycatcher nests is mixed and includes both nidicolous species and free-living species that are not directly related to nest microcenoses. The rare beetles species Melandrya dubia (Schaller, 1783) and Otho sphondyloides (Germar, 1818), were found.

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Maisey, John G. "Gnathostomes (Jawed Vertebrates)". Short Courses in Paleontology 7 (1994): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001252.

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All living organisms possess mechanisms for obtaining nutrition. Many invertebrates also possess movable mouthparts capable of capturing prey or particulate food (e.g., polychaetes, cephalopods, arthropods and echinoderms). All living vertebrates have specialized mouthparts, and as far as we know all fossil agnathans had them also, but movable jaws supported by an internal skeleton are absent in living and fossil agnathans.

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Hare, Landis, André Tessier i Lesley Warren. "CADMIUM ACCUMULATION BY INVERTEBRATES LIVING AT THE SEDIMENT–WATER INTERFACE". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20, nr 4 (2001): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0880:cabila>2.0.co;2.

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Maoka, Takashi, Naoshige Akimoto, Miyuki Tsushima, Sadao Komemushi, Takuma Mezaki, Fumihito Iwase, Yoshimitsu Takahashi, Naomi Sameshima, Miho Mori i Yoshikazu Sakagami. "Carotenoids in Marine Invertebrates Living along the Kuroshio Current Coast". Marine Drugs 9, nr 8 (22.08.2011): 1419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md9081419.

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Hare, Landis, André Tessier i Lesley Warren. "Cadmium accumulation by invertebrates living at the sediment-water interface". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20, nr 4 (kwiecień 2001): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200424.

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Jung, Insup, Ho Bin Seo, Ji-eun Lee, Byoung Chan Kim i Man Bock Gu. "A dip-stick type biosensor using bioluminescent bacteria encapsulated in color-coded alginate microbeads for detection of water toxicity". Analyst 139, nr 18 (2014): 4696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an00308j.

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The use of genetically engineered bioluminescent bacteria, in which bioluminescence is induced by different modes of toxic action, represents an alternative to acute toxicity tests using living aquatic organisms (plants, vertebrates, or invertebrates) in an aqueous environment.

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MARSHALL, JAMES D., DUNCAN PIRRIE, ANDREW CLARKE, CONOR P. NOLAN i JULIE SHAMAN. "Stable-isotopic composition of skeletal carbonates from living Antarctic marine invertebrates". Lethaia 29, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01877.x.

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Larsen, Poul S., i Hans Ulrik Riisgård. "Size-Specific Growth of Filter-Feeding Marine Invertebrates". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, nr 9 (2.09.2022): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091226.

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Filter-feeding invertebrates are found in almost all of the animal classes that are represented in the sea, where they are the necessary links between suspended food particles (phytoplankton and free-living bacteria) and the higher trophic levels in the food chains. Their common challenge is to grow on the dilute concentrations of food particles. In this review, we consider examples of sponges, jellyfish, bryozoans, polychaetes, copepods, bivalves, and ascideans. We examine their growth with the aid of a simple bioenergetic growth model for size-specific growth, i.e., in terms of dry weight (W), µ = (1/W) dW/dt = aWb, which is based on the power functions for rates of filtration (F ≈ Wb1) and respiration (R ≈ Wb2). Our theory is that the exponents have (during the evolution) become near equal (b1 ≈ b2), depending on the species, the stage of ontogeny, and their adaptation to the living site. Much of the compiled data support this theory and show that the size-specific rate of growth (excluding spawning and the terminal phase) may be constant (b = 0) or decreasing with size (b < 0). This corresponds to the growth rate that is exponential or a power function of time; however, with no general trend to follow a suggested 3/4 law of growth. Many features are common to filter-feeding invertebrates, but modularity applies only to bryozoans and sponges, implying exponential growth, which is probably a rather unique feature among the herein examined filter feeders, although the growth may be near exponential in the early ontogenetic stages of mussels, for example.

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DAHLHOFF, ELIZABETH, i GEORGE N. SOMERO. "Pressure and Temperature Adaptation of Cytosolic Malate Dehydrogenases of Shallowand Deep-Living Marine Invertebrates: Evidence for High Body Temperatures in Hydrothermal Vent Animals". Journal of Experimental Biology 159, nr 1 (1.09.1991): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.159.1.473.

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Effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure were measured on cytosolic malate dehydrogenases (cMDHs) from muscle tissue of a variety of shallow- and deep-living benthic marine invertebrates, including seven species endemic to the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of coenzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH), used to index temperature and pressure effects, was conserved within a narrow range (approximately 15–25 μmoll−1) at physiological temperatures and pressures for all species. However, at elevated pressures, the Km of NADH rose sharply for cMDHs of shallow species (depths of occurrence >Approximately 500 m), but not for the cMDHs of deep-sea species. Cytosolic MDHs of invertebrates from the deep-sea hydrothermal vents generally were not perturbed by elevated temperatures (15–25°C) at in situ pressures, but cMDHs of cold-adapted deep-sea species were. At a single measurement temperature, the Km of NADH for cMDHs from invertebrates from habitats with well-characterized temperatures was inversely related to maximal sustained body temperature. This correlation was used to predict the maximal sustained body temperatures of vent invertebrates for which maximal habitat and body temperatures are difficult to estimate. Species occurring on the ‘smoker chimneys’, which emit waters with temperatures up to 380°C, are predicted to have sustained body temperatures that are approximately 20–25°C higher than vent species living in cooler vent microhabitats. We conclude that, just as adaptation of enzymes to elevated pressures is important in establishing species’ depth distribution patterns, adaptation of pressure-adapted enzymes to temperature is critical in enabling certain vent species to exploit warm-water microhabitats in the vent environment.

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Sylayeva, A. A., A. A. Protasov i I. A. Morozovskaya. "Interrelation Between Unionids and Their Epibionts in the Cooling Pond of the Khmelnitsky Nuclear Power Plant (Ukraine)". Vestnik Zoologii 46, nr 6 (1.12.2012): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-012-0046-5.

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Abstract Paper deals with data on interrelation of mollusks of the family Unionidae and Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) and other epibiotic invertebrates in the cooling pond of the Khmelnitsky nuclear power plant (Ukraine). The quantitative indices of unionids and Dreissena, inhabiting shells of the living Unionidae, size structure of populations, and morphometric indexes of the living Unionidae were analyzed. No significant negative impact of settlements of the zebra mussels on Unionidae was noted.

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Crespi-Abril, Augusto César, i Tamara Rubilar. "Ethical Considerations for Echinoderms: New Initiatives in Welfare". Animals 13, nr 21 (31.10.2023): 3377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13213377.

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This paper explores the ethical considerations surrounding research on echinoderms, a group of invertebrates that has recently garnered attention in the scientific community. The importance of responsible animal handling and the need for an ethical framework that encompasses echinoderms are emphasized. The 3Rs principle, advocating for the replacement of conscious living vertebrates with non-sentient material in research, is discussed as a guiding tool in current animal research practices. As invertebrates are generally classified as non-sentient animals, the replacement dimension tends to favor them as prevalent models in experimental research. While it currently lacks the means to assess the mental states of invertebrates, there is undeniable evidence of social behavior in many species, suggesting that a lack of interactions with these organisms could potentially adversely affect their wellbeing. In the last few years, considerable progress has been made in developing an ethical framework that takes invertebrates into account, particularly cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms. In this context, we discuss the development of a broader conceptual framework of 5Rs that includes responsibility and respect, which may guide practices ensuring welfare in echinoderms, even in the absence of any particular normative.

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Suominen, Otso, Kjell Danell i Roger Bergstrom. "Moose, Trees, and Ground-Living Invertebrates: Indirect Interactions in Swedish Pine Forests". Oikos 84, nr 2 (luty 1999): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546716.

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Kim, Myung-Hyun, Min-Su Han, Hyung-Kyu Nam, Kee-Kyung Kang i Miran Kim. "Geological Distribution of Aquatic Invertebrates Living in Paddy Fields of South Korea". Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 45, nr 6 (31.12.2012): 1136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7745/kjssf.2012.45.6.1136.

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SOOPRAMANIEN, Morhanavallee, Mohammad Ridwane MUNGROO, Kuppusamy A. SAGATHEVAN, Naveed Ahmed KHAN i Ruqaiyyah SIDDIQUI. "Invertebrates living in polluted environments are potential source of novel anticancer agents". Sanat Tasarim Dergisi 23, nr 6 (15.11.2019): 1079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2019.72.

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KRAGTEN, S., W. L. M. TAMIS, E. GERTENAAR, S. M. MIDCAP RAMIRO, R. J. VAN DER POLL, J. WANG i G. R. DE SNOO. "Abundance of invertebrate prey for birds on organic and conventional arable farms in the Netherlands". Bird Conservation International 21, nr 1 (27.01.2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000079.

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SummaryAs a result of agricultural intensification, populations of farmland birds have been in steep decline for several decades. Reduction in food abundance has been mentioned as one factor behind these declines. Extensive farm management, such as use of organic methods, is expected to provide more food for birds. In this study we compared invertebrate prey abundance for birds during the breeding season between organic and conventional arable farms. We made comparisons for three different groups of birds: (1) birds feeding on soil-living invertebrates (earthworms), (2) birds feeding on ground-dwelling invertebrates and (3) birds feeding on aerial invertebrates. Invertebrate abundance was compared between organic and conventional farms, crop and non-crop habitats, and between crop and non-crop habitats under the same farm management. On organic sites, earthworm abundance was 2–4 times higher than on conventional sites, but no differences were found between crop types. Total abundance of ground-dwelling invertebrates did not differ between organic and conventional sites, but positive effects were found for several individual taxonomic groups, such as carabid beetles and spiders. On organic farms, invertebrate abundance was higher in carrots, cereals and onions compared to other crops; on conventional farms this was true for onions. When compared with most crops, ground-dwelling invertebrate abundance was low in uncropped field margins and on ditch banks. On organic farms, aerial invertebrate abundance was approximately 70% higher than on conventional farms. On cereal fields, aerial invertebrates were especially abundant.

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Yip, Stephanie J. S., i Christopher R. Dickman. "Foraging and Food Selection in a Desert Rodent: Diet Shifts of the Sandy Inland Mouse between Population Booms and Busts". Animals 13, nr 10 (20.05.2023): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101702.

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Seeds are commonly viewed as the mainstay of the diet of desert rodents. We describe the diet of a common Australian desert rodent, the sandy inland mouse Pseudomys hermannsburgensis, using direct observations of free-living animals and analysis of the stomach contents of preserved specimens. Direct observations showed that animals forage mostly on the ground surface and eat seeds from a wide range of plant species, as well as invertebrates and occasional green plant material. Stomach content analysis revealed no differences in the presence or absence of these three major food groups between seasons or the sexes. However, invertebrates were more prominent in the diet of mice during prolonged, dry, population ‘bust’ periods compared with post-rain population ‘boom’ periods, with this dietary shift probably reflecting a scarcity of seeds during the busts. The results confirm that seed is an important component of the diet of P. hermannsburgensis, with 92% of stomachs containing seed. The results also support the classification of the species as omnivorous rather than granivorous, with 70% of stomachs containing invertebrates and over half the specimens analysed containing both seeds and invertebrates. We suggest that dietary flexibility is important for rodent persistence in Australia’s climatically unpredictable arid regions.

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Odilovna, Atoyeva Dilsora. "The Effect of Temperature on the Living Conditions of Collembola". European Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology 1, nr 1 (29.07.2023): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/jmgcb.v1i1.240.

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The dynamics of the composition and proportions of soil invertebrates helps to think about the direction of the processes of soil formation and the disturbance of the environmental regime. A large number of important results have been obtained in this direction. Information was collected on the system of zoological indication of the age of primitive soils, stages of decomposition of organic residues in composts, elementary soil processes, stages of community formation in industrial waste, stages of wood decomposition, levels of soil degradation in recreational areas, pollution with oil products.

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Stewart, HA, DS Janiak, JL Wright, DAGA Hunt, A. Carmona Cortes, KT Powell, LJ Chapman i AH Altieri. "Epibiont community composition of red mangroves Rhizophora mangle are contingent on root characteristics". Marine Ecology Progress Series 686 (24.03.2022): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13999.

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Foundation species traits that structure communities are rarely experimentally examined; thus, a predictive understanding of their functions lags behind patterns of observed species associations. Red mangrove Rhizophora mangle roots form complex living habitats that support diverse epibiont communities, making them a model system for testing links between variation in foundation species traits and associated biodiversity. Here, we compared epibiont community composition between living and non-living mangrove roots, as well as root mimics, to test how foundation species traits affect community structure. We also quantified the community structure of associated mobile invertebrates to examine their relationship with secondary foundation species (e.g. sponges, bivalves) that grow on the roots. After 14 mo of colonization and succession, substrate composition (i.e. mangrove, wood, PVC) had significant effects on community composition, richness, and abundance of sessile epibionts and mobile invertebrates. Non-living mangrove roots were 5 times more likely to deteriorate, and consequently had the lowest epibiont richness and abundance. We found strong positive relationships between mobile invertebrate richness and the abundance, measured as biomass, and richness of sponges and bivalves, suggesting that variation among roots in secondary foundation species play an important role in mediating mobile invertebrate community composition. This study highlights the functional role of habitat structure and how rapidly that function can be lost without biogenic maintenance. Our results indicate the importance of facilitation cascades in fostering diverse mobile invertebrate communities and highlight both advantages and limitations in using artificial structures in restoration programs.

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Joharchi, Omid, Elizabeth Hugo-Coetzee, Sergey G. Ermilov i Alexander A. Khaustov. "REDESCRIPTION OF HYPOASPISELLA SPICULIFER (BERLESE, 1918) COMB. N. (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA: LAELAPIDAE) FROM SOUTH AFRICA". Acarina 28, nr 1 (2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/0132-8077-2020-28-1-55-64.

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Hypoaspisella spiculifer comb. n. is redescribed on the basis of adult females, collected from soil in South Africa. Hypoaspisella spiculifer fits well with the current concept of the genus Hypoaspisella Bernhard. The chelicerae of this species are similar to those of free-living mites, suggesting that it may be a predator of small soil invertebrates.

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Kändler, Matthias, i Christina Seidler. "Influence of Hydrological Situations on Benthic Organisms in a Small River in Saxony (Germany)". Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 61, nr 3 (1.09.2013): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2013-0024.

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Abstract This research was focused on the relationship between river discharge and organism drift. It was carried out for three years in a small heavily modified river in Saxony (Germany). The amount and species composition of drifting invertebrates were observed, depending on discharge and flow velocity. A station was installed where the flow velocity was continually measured and drifting organisms were caught with nets. An inventory of the aquatic community (benthic invertebrates) was taken to determine the species living in the river at the research station. The highest drift density measured was 578 organisms per m3 at a flow velocity of 0.90 m s-1, the mainly drifting organisms were Chironomidae. Different organisms groups started drifting at different flow velocities. Heavy impacts, such as dredging the river and flood waves, affected the aquatic ecosystems and severely changed the aquatic community regarding the number and the diversity. Some of the aquatic invertebrates such as the Anthothecata completely disappeared after dredging. It was found that many different terrestrial organisms were part of the drift. The typical family of soil biota Collembola represented the largest share.

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Kuznetsova, Tatiana V., Valentina A. Kudryavtseva i Larisa L. Kapranova. "Increasing Risks to the Health of the Invertebrates—Balancing between Harm and Benefit". Animals 14, nr 11 (27.05.2024): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14111584.

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The article discusses the issue of extensive use of detergents and sanitizers in the time of new challenges associated with the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. These agents could pose threats to the existence of free-living invertebrates as essential components of the ecosystem. The biological effects of the mentioned classes of substances, their metabolites, and combined effects in the mixture have not been studied enough. The main challenges in trying to balance the threats and benefits of using such substances are the lack of knowledge of the biological effects of these products, the gaps in testing invertebrates’ responses, and changes in environment-related regulations to minimize risks to animals and humans. Numerous studies in this field still leave research gaps, particularly concerning the combined toxicity of well-known and widely used disinfectants, surfactants, and heavy metals, posing potential future challenges. Additionally, the review identified the need for additional testing of invertebrates for their sensitivity to disinfectants and surfactants of different compositions, including improved (non-invasive) methods, studies for early life stages, and comparative studies of species resilience.

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Parke, Belinda, i Kathleen F. Hunter. "The dementia-friendly emergency department". Healthcare Management Forum 30, nr 1 (29.12.2016): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470416664532.

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Emergency Departments (EDs) are an integral part of the Canadian healthcare system. Older people living with dementia challenge EDs. They have complex health profiles that pose multiple challenges for staff. The current one-size-fits-all approach that aids efficiency in a technologically dependent hospital setting may not always serve older people living with dementia, their caregivers, or staff well. The premise that older people living with dementia are a problem for Canadian EDs must be reconsidered. Understanding the complexity of the situation is aided by the dementia-friendly ED framework. We propose one way to enhance communication between those living with dementia who receive ED services and those providing the service.

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Murtaza, Ghulam, Abida Kalsoom Khan, Rehana Rashid, Saiqa Muneer, Syed Muhammad Farid Hasan i Jianxin Chen. "FOXO Transcriptional Factors and Long-Term Living". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3494289.

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Several pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cancer are associated with aging, which is affected by many genetic and environmental factors. Healthy aging conceives human longevity, possibly due to carrying the defensive genes. For instance, FOXO (forkhead box O) genes determine human longevity. FOXO transcription factors are involved in the regulation of longevity phenomenon via insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling. Only one FOXO gene (FOXO DAF-16) exists in invertebrates, while four FOXO genes, that is, FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 are found in mammals. These four transcription factors are involved in the multiple cellular pathways, which regulate growth, stress resistance, metabolism, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis in mammals. However, the accurate mode of longevity by FOXO factors is unclear until now. This article describes briefly the existing knowledge that is related to the role of FOXO factors in human longevity.

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Pratiwi, Rianta. "STUDI TENTANG JENIS KRUSTASEA YANG HIDUP DI KARANG BATU DAN PERANANNYA DALAM EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG". OSEANA 42, nr 1 (30.04.2019): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.1.38.

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STUDIES ON CRUSTACEANS SPECIES LIVING IN THE CORAL REEF AND THEIR ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM. Crustaceans are one of the most specis invertebrates in coral reefs, comprising approximately 20 % of all invertebrate species. This taxa often found clearly living in coral communities. The order Decapoda is the most common crustaceans observed the coral reefs due to their relatively large size and having bright colours. In addition, decapods contribute in the environmental balance and having important roles in coral reef ecosystem such as defending live coral from predators and helping growth of corals.

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Morley, N. J. "Symbiotic bacteria of helminths: what role may they play in ecosystems under anthropogenic stress?" Journal of Helminthology 90, nr 6 (12.01.2016): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x15001066.

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AbstractSymbiotic bacteria are a common feature of many animals, particularly invertebrates, from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. These bacteria have increasingly been recognized as performing an important role in maintaining invertebrate health. Both ecto- and endoparasitic helminths have also been found to harbour a range of bacterial species which provide a similar function. The part symbiotic bacteria play in sustaining homeostasis of free-living invertebrates exposed to anthropogenic pressure (climate change, pollution), and the consequences to invertebrate populations when their symbionts succumb to poor environmental conditions, are increasingly important areas of research. Helminths are also susceptible to environmental stress and their symbiotic bacteria may be a key aspect of their responses to deteriorating conditions. This article summarizes the ecophysiological relationship helminths have with symbiotic bacteria and the role they play in maintaining a healthy parasite and the relevance of specific changes that occur in free-living invertebrate–bacteria interactions under anthropogenic pressure to helminths and their bacterial communities. It also discusses the importance of understanding the mechanistic sensitivity of helminth–bacteria relationships to environmental stress for comprehending the responses of parasites to challenging conditions.

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Lozano-Bilbao, Enrique, José María Espinosa, Gonzalo Lozano, Arturo Hardisson, Carmen Rubio, Dailos González Weller, Soraya Paz i Ángel J. Gutiérrez. "Differences in metallic content between marine vertebrates and invertebrates living in Oceanic Islands". Scientia Insularum. Revista de Ciencias Naturales en islas 4 (2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.si.2021.04.05.

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The metallic content in each class of organism varies in different ways, depending on metabolism, habitat behavior, and where it is found in the trophic network. In this study, 845 specimens of different types of marine invertebrate and vertebrate organisms of the Canary Islands have been analyzed, of them the content of 20 metals and trace elements has been analyzed (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) in mg / kg. In the PCoA analyzes it is clearly seen how the invertebrate and vertebrate organisms are separated according to their metallic content, there being significant differences between these two groups in each of the trace elements and metals. Invertebrate species having the highest concentration in all metals and trace elements, may have a higher concentration of metals than vertebrates because they have a very fast growth, and with it a high metabolic rate that causes higher concentrations of the elements to bioaccumulate.

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Wyman, Richard L., Elbert Posey, Kelly S. MacWatters, Jennifer Frank i Jean Palange. "A new device for extracting living invertebrates from large samples of leaf litter". Applied Soil Ecology 12, nr 1 (kwiecień 1999): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1393(98)00155-3.

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Angulo-Preckler, C., E. García-Lopez, B. Figuerola, C. Avila i C. Cid. "Natural chemical control of marine associated microbial communities by sessile Antarctic invertebrates". Aquatic Microbial Ecology 85 (3.12.2020): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01948.

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Organisms living in the sea are exposed to fouling by other organisms. Many benthic marine invertebrates, including sponges and bryozoans, contain natural products with antimicrobial properties, since microbes usually constitute the first stages of fouling. Extracts from 4 Antarctic sponges (Myxilla (Myxilla) mollis, Mycale tylotornota, Rossella nuda, and Anoxycalyx (Scolymastra) joubini) and 2 bryozoan species (Cornucopina pectogemma and Nematoflustra flagellata) were tested separately for antifouling properties in field experiments. The different crude extracts from these invertebrates were incorporated into a substratum gel at natural concentrations for an ecological approach. Treatments were tested by submerging plates covered by these substratum gels under water in situ during 1 lunar cycle (28 d) at Deception Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Remarkably, the butanolic extracts of M. tylotornota and C. pectogemma showed complete growth inhibition of microscopic eukaryotic organisms, one of the succession stages involved in biofouling. Our results suggest that different chemical strategies may exist to avoid fouling, although the role of chemical defenses is often species-specific. Thus, the high specificity of the microbial community attached to the coated plates seems to be modulated by the chemical cues of the crude extracts of the invertebrates tested.

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Ben, Hoang Xuan, Nguyen Van Long, Hua Thai Tuyen, Phan Kim Hoang i Thai Minh Quang. "ĐA DẠNG SINH HỌC VÀ ĐẶC ĐIỂM QUẦN XÃ SINH VẬT RẠN SAN HÔ Ở KHU BẢO TỒN BIỂN LÝ SƠN, QUẢNG NGÃI". Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển 18, nr 2 (30.06.2018): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18/2/8784.

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The result of investigation during September and October 2015 and review of previous studies showed that 224 stony coral species, 232 coral reef fish species, 88 Mollusca and Echinoderm were found in Ly Son Marine Protected Area. The biodiversity of coral reef communities was at medium level compared with other MPAs. The coverage of stony coral and soft coral was 6.1% ± 4.2 SD and 5.6% ± 5.0 SD, respectively. The density of coral reef fishes averaged 121 ± 74.4 SD Ind./100 m2 and this density mainly focused on small size group (< 10 cm) which ocupied 69.6% of total density. The average density of macro-invertebrates was 45 ± 3.0 SD Ind./100 m2 that depended on the Echinoderm group (more than 85% of total density). The coverage of living coral was considered the lowest meanwhile the density of coral reef fishes and macro-invertebrates was at medium level compared with other MPAs. Our result showed that there were two distinguished assemblages of coral reef communities. The charateristics of coral reef fishes and macro-invertebrates communities showed the resemblance in terms of distribution in most of the study sites meanwhile the coral community revealed the separation between two types of communities.

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Koperski, Paweł. "It Is Not Only Data—Freshwater Invertebrates Misused in Biological Monitoring". Animals 13, nr 16 (9.08.2023): 2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162570.

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The article presents and discusses the issues of the use of free-living invertebrates to assess the ecological status of freshwater environments with different methods of biological monitoring. Invertebrates are excluded from ethical consideration in the procedures of environmental protection, which results in the killing of many more individuals during sampling than necessary. Biomonitoring is used as a routine method for environmental protection that results in the cruel death of even millions of aquatic animals annually. In many cases, the mortality of animals used in such types of activities has been shown as excessive, e.g., because the vast majority die due to unnecessary subsampling procedures. Improperly planned and conducted procedures which result in excessive mortality have or may have a negative impact on the environment and biodiversity. Their existence as sensitive beings is reduced to an information function; they become only data useful for biomonitoring purposes. The main problem when trying to determine the mortality of invertebrates due to biomonitoring activities and its impact on natural populations seems to be the lack of access to raw data presenting how many animals were killed during sampling.

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Senadheera, Tharindu R. L., Deepika Dave i Fereidoon Shahidi. "Sea Cucumber Derived Type I Collagen: A Comprehensive Review". Marine Drugs 18, nr 9 (18.09.2020): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18090471.

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Collagen is the major fibrillar protein in most living organisms. Among the different types of collagen, type I collagen is the most abundant one in tissues of marine invertebrates. Due to the health-related risk factors and religious constraints, use of mammalian derived collagen has been limited. This triggers the search for alternative sources of collagen for both food and non-food applications. In this regard, numerous studies have been conducted on maximizing the utilization of seafood processing by-products and address the need for collagen. However, less attention has been given to marine invertebrates and their by-products. The present review has focused on identifying sea cucumber as a potential source of collagen and discusses the general scope of collagen extraction, isolation, characterization, and physicochemical properties along with opportunities and challenges for utilizing marine-derived collagen.

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Aberhan, Martin, Sabine Nürnberg i Wolfgang Kiessling. "Vision and the diversification of Phanerozoic marine invertebrates". Paleobiology 38, nr 2 (2012): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10066.1.

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Identifying biological traits that promote evolutionary success is fundamental for understanding biodiversity dynamics and for assessing the evolutionary response of organisms to global change. We tested the hypothesis that image-forming eyes have contributed to the diversification of taxa in the geological past. Using fossil occurrences in the Paleobiology Database, we analyzed the diversity and evolutionary rates of more than 17,000 Phanerozoic genera of marine invertebrates living on or above the shallow-water seafloor according to their visual capabilities. Analysis of the complete data set shows a peak in the proportional diversity of sighted genera early in the Phanerozoic, and their continuance at a relatively low and stable level after the Ordovician. As an explanation of this pattern we suggest that selection pressure to develop eyes rose in the Cambrian, and that behavioral constraints had a balancing effect thereafter. In contrast to the pooled data, a clade-level study of those subgroups that contain both sighted and blind genera revealed that—in trilobites, all epifaunal bivalves, pectinoid bivalves, gastropods, and echinoderms—sighted genera diversified more strongly than blind genera. This difference is controlled by significantly raised extinction rates of blind genera. These more finely resolved patterns support the hypothesis that good vision is a key trait that promoted preferential diversification.

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Phiri, Ethel Emmarantia, i Savel Regan Daniels. "Multilocus coalescent species delimitation reveals widespread cryptic differentiation among Drakensberg mountain-living freshwater crabs (Decapoda : Potamonautes)". Invertebrate Systematics 30, nr 1 (2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is15035.

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Cryptic lineages present major challenges for evolutionary and conservation studies, particularly where these lineages remain undiscovered. Freshwater crabs are known to harbour cryptic diversity, in most cases with limited morphological differences. During the present study, we used a multilocus (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI, 28S rRNA, DecapANT and PEPCK) Bayesian species delimitation to examine cryptic diversity within a freshwater crab species complex (Potamonautes clarus/P. depressus). We sampled 25 highland rivers in the Tugela and uMkomazi River drainage systems of the Drakensberg Mountain range, in the KwaZulu–Natal province of South Africa. Our results showed there to be at least eight lineages: six novel potamonautid freshwater crabs, and two described taxa P. clarus and P. depressus. Divergence from the most recent common ancestor occurred between the mid- and late Miocene (12.1 Mya), while divergence within the species complex occurred ~10.3 Mya up until the Holocene (0.11 Mya). The discovery of six novel lineages of freshwater crabs from a seemingly restricted distribution range has conservation implications, but to date most conservation planning strategies have focussed on freshwater vertebrates. By conducting a fine-scale phylogenetic survey using invertebrates, this study provides a platform for the inclusion of freshwater invertebrates in future conservation assessments.

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Tasbulatova, A. T., i A. Umirzakova. "Biodiversity of invertebrates in the Iirsu gorge of Sairam-Ugam SNNP". Kazakhstan zoological bulletin 3, nr 1 (14.07.2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54944/kzbww723hg70.

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In clause results, annual research insects living on territory of Sayram-Ygams national park are stated. The most common invertebrates are described. When collecting the material, standard entomological methods were used - collection with an entomological net, at night on an artificial light source, manual collection. As a result of research, about 70 specimens of Lepidoptera and 40 specimens of Coleoptera were collected. Rare Lepidoptera species: Hemaris fucifirmis (Linnaeus, 1758), Hemaris tityus (Linnaeus, 1758), Papilio alexanor voldemar Kreuzberg, 1989, Parnassius apollonius (Eversmann, 1847). Common species from the Coleoptera order are: Lytta flavovittata Ballion, 1878, Cetonia aurata (Linnaeus, 1760), Copris lunaris (Linnaeus, 1758).

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Selaras, GH, SA Farma, R. Fitri, R. Satria, FAD Nugraha i Y. Atifah. "Development of Invertebrates Diversity Practical Guide Oriented Contextual Approach for Student in Biology Department". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1940, nr 1 (1.06.2021): 012117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1940/1/012117.

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De Sousa, Simon, Bernadette Pinel-Alloul i Antonia Cattaneo. "Response of littoral macroinvertebrate communities on rocks and sediments to lake residential development". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, nr 6 (czerwiec 2008): 1206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-031.

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Previously pristine lakes of the Laurentian region of Quebec, Canada, have faced increasing residential development of their watershed since the 1970s. We tested whether littoral invertebrates respond to this perturbation, even though open-water nutrients and chlorophyll are not yet altered. We examined changes in biomass, size structure, and taxonomic composition of macroinvertebrates living on rocks and sediments in 13 lakes representing a gradient of lakeshore residential development and watershed clearing. Littoral invertebrates provided early indication of lake perturbation, but their response varied according to the substratum. On rocks, total invertebrate biomass increased along the perturbation gradient and size structure shifted towards large organisms. These changes were likely mediated by a concomitant increase in epilithon biomass, suggesting a bottom-up control. No significant change in total biomass and size structure was observed for invertebrates in sediments. In contrast, taxonomic composition changed with lake development in sediments, but not on rocks. Taxonomic shifts were likely related to changes in sediment heterogeneity due to a decline of woody litter and increased fine particle deposition. Oligochaetes were positively associated to perturbation, whereas mayflies were negatively associated; these taxa could be used as indicators. Sediments were a better sentinel substratum than rocks for biomonitoring the impact of lake residential development.

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Antonie, Iuliana, Mirela Stanciu Cărătuş, Maria Tănase, Petronela Pavel i Monica Găureanu. "Study Upon the Invertebrates with Economic Importance for the Vegetables Cultures in the Guşteriţa Ecological Garden (Sibiu County)". Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, nr 1 (1.11.2015): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cplbu-2015-0007.

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AbstractThe fortified church in Guşteriţa got its final shape during the 16th century. During more recent times it became a leisure park and then a vegetable garden named “The Prioress Garden”. Nowadays there is developing an agricultural-educational experiment having an original character. The main idea of the experiment is the educational one in the idea of knowing the practice of an agriculture based on ecological concepts and also adding the concept of the biodynamic. The specific aims are: identifying the general measures of prevention and reduction of the attack of the pests and finding ways in order to maintaining the population of the invertebrates under the pest limit. The evaluation and classification of the invertebrates/insects was done in accordance with their food. The specific methods applied in the field were: the observation upon the elements of the biocoenocis, collecting of the biological material directly from the plants. In the lab, on the base of the determinatives there were identified the beneficial and pest invertebrates fauna. The result of the researches emphasizes that a biological, modern and profitable gardening is based on the living component in the cultivated ecosystems which reduces the pest populations, proving the beneficial role for the man.

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Rapacciuolo, Giovanni, J. Michael Beman, Lauren M. Schiebelhut i Michael N. Dawson. "Microbes and macro-invertebrates show parallel β-diversity but contrasting α-diversity patterns in a marine natural experiment". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, nr 1912 (9.10.2019): 20190999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0999.

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Documenting ecological patterns across spatially, temporally and taxonomically diverse ecological communities is necessary for a general understanding of the processes shaping biodiversity. A major gap in our understanding remains the comparison of diversity patterns across a broad spectrum of evolutionarily and functionally diverse organisms, particularly in the marine realm. Here, we aim to narrow this gap by comparing the diversity patterns of free-living microbes and macro-invertebrates across a natural experiment provided by the marine lakes of Palau: geographically discrete and environmentally heterogeneous bodies of seawater with comparable geological and climatic history, and a similar regional species pool. We find contrasting patterns of α-diversity but remarkably similar patterns of β-diversity between microbial and macro-invertebrate communities among lakes. Pairwise dissimilarities in community composition among lakes are positively correlated between microbes and macro-invertebrates, and influenced to a similar degree by marked gradients in oxygen concentration and salinity. Our findings indicate that a shared spatio-temporal and environmental context may result in parallel patterns of β-diversity in microbes and macro-invertebrates, in spite of key trait differences between these organisms. This raises the possibility that parallel processes also influence transitions among regional biota across the tree of life, at least in the marine realm.

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Contreras-Rueda, Yully F., María Adriana Gracia-Clavijo i Jairo E. Romero-Paz. "Contributions to the biodiversity of echinoderms (Echinodermata) in the Department of Atlántico, Caribbean Sea, Colombia". Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 47, nr 183 (17.05.2023): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1740.

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Echinoderms are a marine invertebrate group with important ecological functions in the ocean; they are the source of bioactive compounds, and some species are important for fisheries and aquaculture. Their study in the Colombian Caribbean has focused on taxonomic and ecological aspects and they are a well-documented group of invertebrates. However, small-scale studies of the group are required given the geomorphological and oceanographic diversity along the entire Colombian coastline. The Magdalena River runoff strongly influences the coastal ecosystems of the Department of Atlántico, which has the shortest continental shoreline with only 72 km. The benthic fauna in its surroundings is the biotic component receiving the influence of this river directly, but it has not been the object of deep taxonomic and ecological studies. Field echinoderm surveys were conducted at several sites from 2004 to 2019. Observations and direct collections were carried out from 0 to 5 m depth. We identified four classes, seven orders, eight families, ten genera, and 16 species. Thirteen of these species were first records for Atlántico: Luidia senegalensis, Astropecten articulatus, Amphiodia riisei, Amphiodia trychna, Echinometra lucunter lucunter, Encope michelini, Leodia sexiesperforata, Mellita quinquiesperforata, Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus sp., Holothuria grisea, Holothuria glaberrima, and Holothuria princeps. The most frequently observed species were M. quinquiesperforata and H. glaberrima. We provide the local geographic distribution, illustrations, and remarks on each species. This study attempts to close gaps regarding the knowledge of the distribution of marine invertebrates in the Colombian Caribbean Sea.

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Laine, Anne, Juhani Itämies, Markku Orell i Sisko Kvist. "Invertebrate fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings and its connection with the nitrogen, sulphur and phenolics concentration of the needles". Entomologica Fennica 5, nr 4 (1.12.1994): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83816.

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The composition of the invertebrate fauna living on young Norway spruce (Picea abies) branches was studied in northern Finland both in urban and rural areas during the summer months of 1988. Attention was given to the total nitrogen, sulphur and phenolics concentration of the needles. The material consisted of 52627 invertebrates from 300 separate spruce saplings. Mites formed the majority of the invertebrates. Most numerous were Ameronothrus dubinini, Diapterobates humeralis and Ceratoppia bipilis. Springtails and spiders were also numerous. The invertebrate abundances were highest in the urban areas of Isko and Linnanmaa, where the sulphur and nitrogen concentration of the needles was high and the phenolics/nitrogen ratio low. The lowest invertebrate abundances were found in Rusko, the most urban area, and Taivalkoski, the most rural area. Nitrogen and sulphur concentrations were highest at Rusko and lowest at Taivalkoski. Possible reasons for the results are discussed.

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47

Stewart, James E. "Introductions as Factors in Diseases of Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, S1 (19.12.1991): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-309.

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Fish and invertebrates are subject to a wide range of disease agents. Many of their diseases are probably local in origin although a lengthy list of infections were probably imported via the vast array of exotic species which have been transferred to virtually all areas of the world. Since ail living organisms carry a full suite of microorganisms and larger parasites the likelihood of there being pathogens for local species among them is good. Introductions can occur in at least one of three separate ways: (1) intentional introductions for specific purposes, (2) accidental transport of biological agents via massive transfers of ballast waters or (3) through the ornamental or aquatic pet trade. Control measures and information services devised by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission and the Office International des Epizooties are described.

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Swadling, Kerrie. "Illustrated keys to Free-living Invertebrates of Eurasian Arctic Seas and Adjacent Deep Waters". Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 44, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2010.533932.

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Morand, Serge. "Life history evolution of nematodes: linking epidemiological modelling and comparative tests". Nematology 4, nr 5 (2002): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685410260438854.

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AbstractNematodes form a highly diversified, monophyletic group present in all environments as free-living individuals. As parasites they may infect plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. This group is then a unique model for testing evolutionary and ecological consequences of being a parasite. I summarise some recently published studies on the evolution of life traits of nematodes. Some predictions were obtained using the framework of epidemiological modelling and were tested using the comparative approach (and then some comparative methods).

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Matozzo, Valerio, Jacopo Fabrello i Maria Gabriella Marin. "The Effects of Glyphosate and Its Commercial Formulations to Marine Invertebrates: A Review". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, nr 6 (1.06.2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060399.

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Glyphosate is the active ingredient of numerous commercial formulations of herbicides applied in different sectors, from agriculture to aquaculture. Due to its widespread use around the world, relatively high concentrations of glyphosate have been detected in soil and aquatic environments. The presence of glyphosate in aquatic ecosystems has aroused the attention of researchers because of its potential negative effects on living organisms, both animals and plants. In this context, this review intends to summarize results of studies aimed at evaluating the effects of glyphosate (both as active ingredient and component of commercial formulations) on marine invertebrates. Generally, data obtained in acute toxicity tests indicate that glyphosate and its commercial formulations are lethal at high concentrations (not environmentally realistic), whereas results of long-lasting experiments indicate that glyphosate can markedly affect biological responses of marine invertebrates. Consequently, more efforts should be addressed at evaluating chronic or sub-chronic effects of such substances to marine invertebrate species.

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