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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Dense Glassy Systems"
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Mandal, Rituparno, Pranab Jyoti Bhuyan, Madan Rao i Chandan Dasgupta. "Active fluidization in dense glassy systems". Soft Matter 12, nr 29 (2016): 6268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02950c.
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Dense soft glasses show strong collective caging behavior at sufficiently low temperatures. Using numerical simulations, we show that the introduction of activity can induce cage breaking and fluidization in a model of soft glass. The glass phase disappears beyond a critical value of the activity.
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Berthier, Ludovic, Elijah Flenner i Grzegorz Szamel. "Glassy dynamics in dense systems of active particles". Journal of Chemical Physics 150, nr 20 (28.05.2019): 200901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5093240.
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Yang, Junjie, Anjana Samarakoon, Sachith Dissanayake, Hiroaki Ueda, Israel Klich, Kazuki Iida, Daniel Pajerowski i in. "Spin jam induced by quantum fluctuations in a frustrated magnet". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, nr 37 (31.08.2015): 11519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503126112.
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Since the discovery of spin glasses in dilute magnetic systems, their study has been largely focused on understanding randomness and defects as the driving mechanism. The same paradigm has also been applied to explain glassy states found in dense frustrated systems. Recently, however, it has been theoretically suggested that different mechanisms, such as quantum fluctuations and topological features, may induce glassy states in defect-free spin systems, far from the conventional dilute limit. Here we report experimental evidence for existence of a glassy state, which we call a spin jam, in the vicinity of the clean limit of a frustrated magnet, which is insensitive to a low concentration of defects. We have studied the effect of impurities on SrCr9pGa12-9pO19 [SCGO(p)], a highly frustrated magnet, in which the magnetic Cr3+ (s = 3/2) ions form a quasi-2D triangular system of bipyramids. Our experimental data show that as the nonmagnetic Ga3+ impurity concentration is changed, there are two distinct phases of glassiness: an exotic glassy state, which we call a spin jam, for the high magnetic concentration region (p>0.8) and a cluster spin glass for lower magnetic concentration (p<0.8). This observation indicates that a spin jam is a unique vantage point from which the class of glassy states of dense frustrated magnets can be understood.
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Godfrin, P. D., P. Falus, L. Porcar, K. Hong, S. D. Hudson, N. J. Wagner i Y. Liu. "Dynamic properties of different liquid states in systems with competing interactions studied with lysozyme solutions". Soft Matter 14, nr 42 (2018): 8570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01678j.
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Normalized MSDs and simulation snapshots (including only particles in a percolated cluster) are shown for percolated and locally glassy systems. Particles in locally dense regions (with 6 or more neighbors) contributing to locally glassy behavior are blue. All other particles are red and made smaller for clarity.
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El-Eskandarany, M. Sherif, i Naser Ali. "Synthesizing of Novel Bulk (Zr67Cu33)100−xWx(x; 5–30 at%) Glassy Alloys by Spark Plasma Sintering of Mechanically Alloyed Powders". Molecules 25, nr 8 (20.04.2020): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081906.
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Metallic glassy alloys with their short-range order have received considerable attention since their discovery in 1960’s. The worldwide interest in metallic glassy alloys is attributed to their unique mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, which cannot be found together in long-range order alloys of the same compositions. Traditional preparation methods of metallic glasses, such as rapid solidification of melts, always restrict the formation of glassy alloys with large atomic fraction (above 3–5 at%) of high melting point metals (Ta, Mo, W). In this study, (Zr67Cu33)100−xWx(x; 5–30 at%) metallic glassy alloys were fabricated through a mechanical alloying approach, which starts from the elemental powders. This system shows excellent glass forming ability in a wide range of W (0 ≤ x ≥ 30 at%). We have proposed a spark plasma sintering technique to prepare nearly full-dense large sized (20 × 20 mm) bulk metallic glassy alloys. The as-consolidated bulk metallic glassy alloys were seen to possess high thermal stability when compared with the other metallic glassy systems. This is implied by their high glass transition temperature (722–735 K), wide range of supercooled liquid region (39 K to over 100 K), and high values of crystallization temperature (761 K to 823 K). In addition, the fabricated ternary systems have revealed high microhardness values.
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El-Eskandarany, Mohamed Sherif, Naser Ali i Maryam Saeed. "Glass-Forming Ability and Soft Magnetic Properties of (Co75Ti25)100−xFex (x; 0–20 at.%) Systems Fabricated by SPS of Mechanically Alloyed Nanopowders". Nanomaterials 10, nr 5 (28.04.2020): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050849.
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Due to their outstanding mechanical properties and soft magnetic characteristics, cobalt-based metallic glassy alloys have stimulated much interesting research. These metastable ferromagnetic materials possess very small magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and almost zero magnetostriction. They reveal low coercivity, extremely low core loss, moderate saturation polarization, and very high magnetism. Despite these attractive physical behaviors, Co-based metallic glasses are difficult to obtain by the melting/casting and conventional rapid solidification techniques due to their poor glass-forming ability. In the present study, we succeed in preparing (Co75Ti25)100−xFex (x; 0–20 at.%) metallic glassy powders, using a mechanical alloying approach. The end product of the as-prepared powders was consolidated into full dense cylinders with large-diameter and thickness (2 × 2 cm), using spark plasma sintering technique. The results have shown that the consolidation step did not lead to any undesired crystallizations or phase transformations, and the as-consolidated buttons maintained their unique short-range order structure. These bulk metallic glassy systems possessed high glass-transition and crystallization temperatures, suggesting their high thermal stability. However, they showed low values of the reduced glass-transition temperatures, indicating that this system is difficult to prepare by the conventional way of preparations.
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Vergadou, Niki, i Doros N. Theodorou. "Molecular Modeling Investigations of Sorption and Diffusion of Small Molecules in Glassy Polymers". Membranes 9, nr 8 (8.08.2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9080098.
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With a wide range of applications, from energy and environmental engineering, such as in gas separations and water purification, to biomedical engineering and packaging, glassy polymeric materials remain in the core of novel membrane and state-of the art barrier technologies. This review focuses on molecular simulation methodologies implemented for the study of sorption and diffusion of small molecules in dense glassy polymeric systems. Basic concepts are introduced and systematic methods for the generation of realistic polymer configurations are briefly presented. Challenges related to the long length and time scale phenomena that govern the permeation process in the glassy polymer matrix are described and molecular simulation approaches developed to address the multiscale problem at hand are discussed.
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Lehmkühler, Felix, Birgit Hankiewicz, Martin A. Schroer, Leonard Müller, Beatrice Ruta, Dina Sheyfer, Michael Sprung i in. "Slowing down of dynamics and orientational order preceding crystallization in hard-sphere systems". Science Advances 6, nr 43 (październik 2020): eabc5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc5916.
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Despite intensive studies in the past decades, the local structure of disordered matter remains widely unknown. We show the results of a coherent x-ray scattering study revealing higher-order correlations in dense colloidal hard-sphere systems in the vicinity of their crystallization and glass transition. With increasing volume fraction, we observe a strong increase in correlations at both medium-range and next-neighbor distances in the supercooled state, both invisible to conventional scattering techniques. Next-neighbor correlations are indicative of ordered precursor clusters preceding crystallization. Furthermore, the increase in such correlations is accompanied by a marked slowing down of the dynamics, proving experimentally a direct relation between orientational order and sample dynamics in a soft matter system. In contrast, correlations continuously increase for nonequilibrated, glassy samples, suggesting that orientational order is reached before the sample slows down to reach (quasi-)equilibrium.
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Черепанов, В. В., А. Г. Щурик i Р. А. Миронов. "Оптические свойства отечественного сетчатого стеклоуглерода и его основы". Журнал технической физики 128, nr 4 (2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.04.49206.224-19.
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The paper presents the results of experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the optical properties of glassy carbon and domestic reticulated foam materials based on it. Since the optical properties of the surface are studied on dense samples, dense samples were previously created, identical in physical properties to glassy carbon - the basis of highly porous cellular carbon materials. From the experimentally measured the spectral hemispherical reflectivity of the surface of the samples under its normal illumination and by the Kramers-Kronig relations the spectra of optical constants of glassy carbon - the refractive indices and absorption, as well as a number of their derivative characteristics were determined. For them, simple approximating relations are given in the paper. The obtained spectral data was incorporated into the previously developed optical statistical simulation model of ultra-porous reticulated foam materials, which is based on a rigorous electromagnetic theory and allows you to take into account both the features of their microstructure and physical processes that occur in such systems at different spa-tial and temporal scales. The results of the calculation of local spectra, the scattering phase function, and radiation thermal conductivity are presented for the reticulated glassy carbon foam, which has wide prospects for use as a structural and heat-shielding material. Some additional features of the mathematical model are demonstrated also.
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Debets, Vincent E., i Liesbeth M. C. Janssen. "Active glassy dynamics is unaffected by the microscopic details of self-propulsion". Journal of Chemical Physics 157, nr 22 (14.12.2022): 224902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127569.
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Recent years have seen a rapid increase of interest in dense active materials, which, in the disordered state, share striking similarities with the conventional passive glass-forming matter. For such passive glassy materials, it is well established (at least in three dimensions) that the details of the microscopic dynamics, e.g., Newtonian or Brownian, do not influence the long-time glassy behavior. Here, we investigate whether this still holds true in the non-equilibrium active case by considering two simple and widely used active particle models, i.e., active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs) and active Brownian particles (ABPs). In particular, we seek to gain more insight into the role of the self-propulsion mechanism on the glassy dynamics by deriving a mode-coupling theory (MCT) for thermal AOUPs, which can be directly compared to a recently developed MCT for ABPs. Both theories explicitly take into account the active degrees of freedom. We solve the AOUP- and ABP-MCT equations in two dimensions and demonstrate that both models give almost identical results for the intermediate scattering function over a large variety of control parameters (packing fractions, active speeds, and persistence times). We also confirm this theoretical equivalence between the different self-propulsion mechanisms numerically via simulations of a polydisperse mixture of active quasi-hard spheres, thereby establishing that, at least for these model systems, the microscopic details of self-propulsion do not alter the active glassy behavior.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Dense Glassy Systems"
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Marín, Aguilar Susana. "Local structure and dynamics of dense colloidal systems : from patchy particles to hard spheres". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP052.
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Le rôle de la structure dans la dynamique colloïdale vitreuse est encore un sujet de débat. Cependant, il existe des preuves d'un lien direct entre les changements de la dynamique et les propriétés structurelles du système. Nous explorons l'interaction de la structure et de la dynamique locales en utilisant des particules à patchs. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons des simulations de dynamique moléculaire. Nous montrons qu'en renforçant la géométrie icosaédrique, le dynamique du système présente un ralentissement extrême. Grâce à ces résultats, nous fournissons une voie pour contrôler la dynamique vitreuse par l'utilisation de particules à patchs. De plus, il est intéressant de savoir si nous pouvons extraire des informations sur la dynamique en utilisant uniquement des informations structurelles. Afin d'explorer ce point, nous simulons une grande variété de mélanges de sphères dures. Nous montrons que la dynamique globale de ces systèmes peut être prédite avec précision en introduisant un nouveau paramètre d'ordre appelé tétraédralité de la structure locale qui compte le nombre de tétraèdres auxquels chaque particule participe. Les prédictions de ce paramètre d'ordre restent valables pour dans une grande variété de densités, ce qui prouve son universalité dans cette famille de précurseurs de verre. De plus, il est également capable de saisir les changements sur la dynamique locale, car les régions à forte tétraédralité sont fortement corrélées avec les régions à dynamique lente. Enfin, nous explorons l'utilisation de techniques d'apprentissage machine non supervisé pour classer les particules ayant des environnements structurels différentsThe role played by the structure in determining the dynamics of glassy colloidal systems is still a subject of debate. However, there is compelling evidence of a direct link between changes in the local structure and the dynamical slowdown in glassy systems. Here, we explore the interplay between local structure and dynamics by using patchy particles as glass formers. This is done by making use of molecular dynamics simulations. We show that reinforcing icosahedral geometry causes, the system to exhibit an extreme slowdown in its dynamics. With these results, we provide a route for controlling glassy dynamics through the use of patchy particles. Additionally, an interesting point is whether we can extract information about dynamics from only structural information. In order to explore this point, we simulate a wide variety of hard-sphere mixtures. We show that global dynamics of these systems can be precisely predicted by quantifying the tetrahedrality of the local structure: an order parameter that consists of counting the number of tetrahedra each particle participates in. The predictions of this order parameter maintain their accuracy over a wide variety of densities proving its universality in this family of glass formers. Moreover, it is also capable of capturing the changes in the local dynamics, as regions with high tetrahedrality are strongly correlated with regions with slow dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate that unsupervised machine learning techniques can be used to classify particles with different structural environments, which are strongly correlated to local dynamics
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Vahey, Brendan Robert. "Mechanical integrity of glass ceramic restorations on morse taper implant-abutment system". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/176052.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Florianópolis, 2016.Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T14:10:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 345797.pdf: 1572899 bytes, checksum: 725105f21dad2b7bae080598af256d22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a integridade mecânica após fadiga de coroas de silicato de lítio reforçadas com zircônia cimentadas e conectadas a sistemas de implantes do tipo cone Morse. Quarenta implantes de titânio foram inseridos em bases de poliacetal simulando osso de suporte. Os pilares protéticos correspondentes foram conectados aos implantes usando um torque de 20 N.cm controlado por um torquímetro digital portátil. Estruturas protéticas unitárias foram projetadas por computador para produzir coroas vitrocerâmicas de dissilicato de lítio (LD) ou silicato de lítio e zircônio (LZS) por termo- pressão. Após cimentação e conexão das coroas, os grupos implante-pilar-coroa foram submetidos a testes de fadiga (n = 10) sob uma carga de 200 N em 500.000 ciclos a 5 Hz imersos em solução eletrolítica a 37 °C. Depois dos ensaios de fadiga, as coroas de cada grupo foram removidas para avaliar valores de torque de remoção do pilar protético ao implante (n = 7). Os grupos de coroa-implante-pilar restantes foram seccionadas transversalmente em 90° em relação ao plano da conexão pilar-implante para a inspeção de fraturas e microgaps por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Grupos controle foram imersos na solução eletrolítica mas não foram submetidos aos testes de fadiga. Após imersão em solução e sem efeito de fadiga, os valores de torque de remoção dos pilares para os grupos LD e LZS estavam em 18,014 ± 1,634 N.cm e 18,214 ± 0,813 N.cm, respectivamente. No entanto, os valores de torque de remoção diminuíram significativamente em ambos os grupos, registrando valores de 12,8 ± 1,6 N.cm e 14,9 ± 1,08 N.cm, para o grupo LD e o grupo LZS, respectivamente (p <0,05). Não houve diferença significativa nos valores de torque de remoção entre os dois grupos não submetidos à fadiga assim como entre os dois grupos teste (após fadiga). A análise microscópica revelou que o tamanho dos microgaps (0,9 ± 0,3 µm) encontrado em conexões implante-pilar aumentou significativamente (4,2 ± 0,9 µm) para os grupos submetidos a testes de fadiga (p<0,05). Além disso, foram detectadas micro-trincas nas interfaces entre coroa-adesivo e adesivo-pilar em ambos os sistemas após testes de fadiga. As coroas vitrocerâmicas à base de silicato de zircônio e lítio cimentadas e aparafusadas aos implantes dentários resistiram aos testes de fadiga simulando um período de seis meses de mastigação. No entanto, os resultados confirmaram uma diminuição do torque nos pilares com o aumento dos microgaps das conexões pilar-implante e a presença de micro-trincas nas interfaces coroa-adesivo como consequência do estímulo mecânico dinâmico.
Abstract : The main aim of this study was to assess the mechanical integrity of zirconium- lithium silicate crowns cement- and screw- retained to a Morse taper titanium implant-abutment system after fatigue. Forty titanium implants were placed in poliacetal to mimic bone support. Abutments were torqued to the implants on 20 N.cm using a digital handheld torque meter. Each implant-abutment received a unit maxillary premolar crown that was computer-designed and hot-pressed. Crowns were divided into two groups: A) lithium disilicate (LD); or B) zirconium-lithium silicate glass-ceramic (LZS). Implant-abutment-crown groups were submitted to mechanical cycling tests (n = 10) on 200 N at 5 Hz for 500,000 cycles in a Ringer?s electrolytic solution (37 °C). After fatigue tests, crowns from each group were removed to evaluate removal torque values on abutment to implant. The remaining crown-implant-abutment assemblies were cross-sectioned at 90° to the implant-abutment joint for inspection of cracks and the microgap by scanning electron microscopy. After immersion in Ringer's solutions, removal torque values without effect of fatigue recorded for LD group were at 18.0 ± 1.6 N.cm while values at 18.2 ± 0.8 N.cm were recorded for LZS group. However, removal torque values after fatigue tests significantly decreased down to 12.8 ± 1.6 N.cm for LD while LZS group revealed values at 14.9 ± 1.1 N.cm for LZS (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in torque values between the test groups after fatigue. Microscopic analyses revealed that the microgap size found at implant-abutment connections at about 0.9 ± 0.3 µm significantly increased up to 4.2 ± 0.9 µm for the groups subjected to fatigue tests. Also, cracks at the crown-adhesive or at adhesive-abutment interfaces were detected at both systems after fatigue tests. Zirconium-lithium silicate glass-ceramic crowns cement- and screw-retained to dental implants were mechanically successful under fatigue testing in an electrolyte solution. However, the findings confirmed a loosening of mechanical integrity of the crown-adhesive-abutment interfaces as well as decrease in removal torque values on abutment to implant joints after fatigue.
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Schmidt, Hinnerk Christian. "Statistical Physics of Sparse and Dense Models in Optimization and Inference". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS366.
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Une donnée peut avoir diverses formes et peut provenir d'un large panel d'applications. Habituellement, une donnée possède beaucoup de bruit et peut être soumise aux effets du hasard. Les récents progrès en apprentissage automatique ont relancé les recherches théoriques sur les limites des différentes méthodes probabilistes de traitement du signal. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux questions suivantes : quelle est la meilleure performance possible atteignable ? Et comment peut-elle être atteinte, i.e., quelle est la stratégie algorithmique optimale ?La réponse dépend de la forme des données. Les sujets traités dans cette thèse peuvent tous être représentés par des modèles graphiques. Les propriétés des données déterminent la structure intrinsèque du modèle graphique correspondant. Les structures considérées ici sont soit éparses, soit denses. Les questions précédentes peuvent être étudiées dans un cadre probabiliste, qui permet d'apporter des réponses typiques. Un tel cadre est naturel en physique statistique et crée une analogie formelle avec la physique des systèmes désordonnés. En retour, cela permet l'utilisation d'outils spécifiques à ce domaine et de résoudre des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes et d'inférence statistique. La problématique de performance optimale est directement reliée à la structure des extrema de la fonction d'énergie libre macroscopique, tandis que les aspects algorithmiques proviennent eux de la minimisation de la fonction d'énergie libre microscopique (c'est-à-dire, dans la forme de Bethe).Cette thèse est divisée en quatre parties. Premièrement, nous aborderons par une approche de physique statistique le problème de la coloration de graphes aléatoires et mettrons en évidence un certain nombre de caractéristiques. Dans un second temps, nous calculerons une nouvelle limite supérieure de la taille de l'ensemble contagieux. Troisièmement, nous calculerons le diagramme de phase du modèle de Dawid et Skene dans la région dense en modélisant le problème par une factorisation matricielle de petit rang. Enfin, nous calculerons l'erreur optimale de Bayes pour une classe restreinte de l'estimation matricielle de rang élevéDatasets come in a variety of forms and from a broad range of different applications. Typically, the observed data is noisy or in some other way subject to randomness. The recent developments in machine learning have revived the need for exact theoretical limits of probabilistic methods that recover information from noisy data. In this thesis we are concerned with the following two questions: what is the asymptotically best achievable performance? And how can this performance be achieved, i.e., what is the optimal algorithmic strategy? The answer depends on the properties of the data. The problems in this thesis can all be represented as probabilistic graphical models. The generative process of the data determines the structure of the underlying graphical model. The structures considered here are either sparse random graphs or dense (fully connected) models. The above questions can be studied in a probabilistic framework, which leads to an average (or typical) case answer. Such a probabilistic formulation is natural to statistical physics and leads to a formal analogy with problems in disordered systems. In turn, this permits to harvest the methods developed in the study of disordered systems, to attack constraint satisfaction and statistical inference problems. The formal analogy can be exploited as follows. The optimal performance analysis is directly related to the structure of the extrema of the macroscopic free energy. The algorithmic aspects follow from the minimization of the microscopic free energy (that is, the Bethe free energy in this work) which is closely related to message passing algorithms. This thesis is divided into four contributions. First, a statistical physics investigation of the circular coloring problem is carried out that reveals several distinct features. Second, new rigorous upper bounds on the size of minimal contagious sets in random graphs, with bounded maximum degree, are obtained. Third, the phase diagram of the dense Dawid-Skene model is derived by mapping the problem onto low-rank matrix factorization. The associated approximate message passing algorithm is evaluated on real-world data. Finally, the Bayes optimal denoising mean square error is derived for a restricted class of extensive rank matrix estimation problems
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Mandal, Rituparno. "Glassy Dynamics in Active Matter". Thesis, 2017. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4233.
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There has been much interest in the glassy dynamics of living systems at the scales
of subcellular structures, cells and tissues. This has motivated theoretical studies on
the approach to glassy behaviour in dense systems driven by activity, opening up new
questions, both in the physics of glass transitions and in active matter. A key issue is
whether active glasses are akin to passive ones with an effective temperature or whether
they are fundamentally different. In this thesis we address some of these issues using a
variety of simulation and analytical techniques.
Książki na temat "Dense Glassy Systems"
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1947-, Richter D., Springer T. 1930-, Institut Laue-Langevin i Kernforschungsanlage Jülich. Institut für Festkörperforschung., red. Polymer motion in dense systems: Proceedings of the workshop, Grenoble, France, September 23-25, 1987. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
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Richter, D. Polymer Motion in Dense Systems: Proceedings (Springer Proceedings in Physics). Springer, 1988.
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Polymer Motion in Dense Systems: Proceedings of the Workshop, Grenoble, France, September 23–25, 1987. Springer, 1988.
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Richter, Dieter, i Tasso Springer. Polymer Motion in Dense Systems: Proceedings of the Workshop, Grenoble, France, September 23-25, 1987. Springer Verlag, 2012.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Dense Glassy Systems"
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Berthier, Ludovic, i Jorge Kurchan. "Active Systems". W Active Matter and Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, 540–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858313.003.0015.
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Abstract This chapter describes a series of lectures on “Active glassy materials”, where we covered topics on active matter, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, and dense glassy materials. We start with a discussion of generic features of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, followed by a description of selected examples of the possible consequences of not being at thermal equilibrium. We then introduce the topic of dense glassy materials with a short review of glassy dynamics, rheology and jamming transitions for systems that are not active. We then discuss dense active materials, from simple mean-field theories to numerical models and experimental realisations. Finally, we discuss two examples of materials driven out of equilibrium by an oscillatory driving force.
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Mallamace, F., M. Broccio, W. R. Chen, A. Faraone i S. H. Chen. "Glass States in Dense Attractive Micellar Systems". W Unifying Concepts in Granular Media and Glasses, 163–80. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044451607-7/50014-5.
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Hubbard, Phil. "‘Living in a Glass Box’: The Intimate City in the Time of COVID-19". W Volume 2: Housing and Home, 41–52. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529218961.003.0004.
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This chapter reviews the tremendous growth in 'micro apartments' in London and other global cities over the past decade. It elaborates how small flats are not suited to a prolonged period of working from home or the need to self-isolate. It also implies that the response to post COVIDbuild hyper-dense developments of micro apartments in city centers can be equally damaging for health and wellbeing in the age of COVID-19. The chapter highlights the challenges relating to living in small apartments with respect to the inter-related concepts of privacy and intimacy. It notes that COVID-19 has exposed a housing system in the UK that was essentially broken, suggesting that privacy should be a priority for post-COVID-19 housing policy in dense developments.
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Michnik, Monika, i Karol Dzięgielewski. "Chronologia i rozwój przestrzenny nekropoli / Chronology and spatial development of the cemetery". W Cmentarzysko w wczesnej epoki żelaza w Świbiu na Górnym Śląsku. Tom 2, 114–26. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/swibie2022.2.4.
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By applying the seriation method to a group of 129 assemblages distinguished by a ‘non-male’ model of grave furnishing and containing at least two distinctive metal objects, it was possible to divide the lifespan of the cemetery into three chronological stages. These were characterised by stylistically different (but interlocking) sets of ornaments and dress items. An attempt to relate these phases to the periodisation systems developed for the areas to the north, west, and south confirmed contacts with the Oder zone as early as during the early phase, which we synchronise with Ha C1b. What has also emerged in the course of the present study is another factor characteristic of this early phase, one that has not been taken into account in previous studies, namely the evidence of contacts with the northern lowland zone. These are legible mainly in the distinctive style of neck and hand ornaments: necklaces of the Wendelringe or unidirectionally twisted type, with loops or fastened with a hook, usually occurring no further south than Greater Poland, and bracelets with distant Pomeranian references. The presence of this style seems to have contributed in subsequent phases to the production of local types of ring ornaments (e.g., pointed necklaces of the Mąkolice type). The presence of northern bronzes of possibly such an early chronology (Ha C1) in the Polish Plain, especially at its southern edge, has so far been only sporadically reported, especially in the range of the Upper Silesian-Lesser Poland group. Nevertheless, contacts with the north at the turn of the Bronze Age and early Iron Age have already been suggested in the context of the northwards ‘diffusion’ of the idea of inhumation. early phase reveal strong influences coming evidently from the south, from the Moravian Gate region. This is indicated by the appearance of bracelets with thickened ends (e.g., Kietrz type) or richly decorated necklaces fastened with a hook (Domasław type) in many graves of this phase. The exact temporal relationship between the two groups of finds is difficult to determine – they appear inseparable on the seriation diagram (Figs. 4.1–2), with the Silesian Hallstatt style continuing much longer, into the middle phase. In addition, the early phase provides evidence that the Świbie community had access to very valuable goods from southern Europe, such as beads made of vitreous materials (glass and glassy faience, still scarce at the time) or flat iron axes with broad heads (Ärmchenbeile of type III3). It is with this phase that the most impressive burial in Świbie, grave 102, is connected. It belonged to a woman furnished with a local button diadem and the largest set of imports in the cemetery, comprising of a glass bead necklace with a unique ‘star’ shaped bead, a bronze harp fibula decorated with chains, a bronze necklace, and perhaps also bracelets (Garbacz-Klempka et al., Chapter 15). Another noteworthy burial from the early phase is grave 125, in which a dyed fabric of dense yarn, undoubtedly imported from eastern Alpine region, was found (Słomska-Bolonek, Antosik, Chapter 12). A phenomenon typical of the early phase is emphasising the status of some women (but from many families) by furnishing their burials not only with prestigious imports but also with sumptuous local ornaments. Among the latter, the most important markers of status and local identity (of traditional dress?) were headbands with sewn-on bronze (less often lead) buttons. In the burial ritual, the primacy of inhumation is evident. This means that an exclusively local population substrate, cultivating traditions derived from previous eras, continued to play significant role, while the role of exogamy was perhaps still limited. Most likely before the end of the early phase, and certainly in the middle phase (Ha C2), we observe a gradual disappearance of northern stylistic inspiration in ornament making. Meanwhile, permanent contacts with the strongly Hallstattized communities from the right-bank Upper Silesia and Central Silesia continued, noticeable mainly in the spectrum of ornaments. Some references to the necropolis at Domasław are evident (decorated necklaces, painted pottery), but there are also clear differences, including the lack of adoption of costume fastened with a brooch or brooches (Fibeltracht) and the absence of aristocratic burials furnished with swords. There are also no direct parallels in Świbie for sumptuous tomb constructions (chambered graves), although this may be due to the well- established local traditions of lining the bottoms of graves with wood, building grave boxes, or using coffins. The increasing occurrence of cremation, sometimes as burials added to earlier inhumation graves (resulting in ‘biritual graves’), may be seen as an expression of the increasing openness of the local population to external influences or as a move away from endogamy. All these phenomena become more pronounced in the late phase, which we synchronise with the developed Ha C2 and Ha D1. From this stage come most of the glass beads found in Świbie. This applies to both complete necklaces and beads placed to graves in smaller numbers, and the number of burials furnished with such beads is higher than in the early phase. Silesian painted vessels, essentially absent in the early phase, now appear in more than a dozen graves, both with and without indicators of high status (Chapter 5). Most of the graves with amber come from this phase. The growing frequency of these middle-class imports is indicative of increasing egalitarianism, which is also reflected by the insignificant proportion of late phase assemblages among the richest grave furnishings in the ranking developed for the cemetery as a whole (Fig. 5.2). This was not due to the disappearance of local ways of prestige signalling – traditional headbands (diadems), for example, are still present, and are even richer (up to 140 buttons). At the same time, from the late phase onwards, all locally manufactured types of ornaments (necklaces, pins, bracelets, ankle-rings) are basically made of iron. Morphologically, these are familiar types, but the raw material from which they are made gradually changes during the middle phase. The change in raw material is often accompanied by a simplification of the original patterns. Given all the evidence for long-distance networks becoming increasingly accessible for a growing proportion of the local community, the rise in popularity of cremation, evident in the late phase and especially towards the end of cemetery’s lifespan, should come as no surprise (Fig. 6.1), as this phenomenon remains, in our view, linked to the growing role of exogamy in marital exchange. The natural and increasingly important partners in this exchange were the Silesian populations, who were also the providers of the above-mentioned goods, and who had for centuries been traditionally following cremation as their burial rite. The most recent burials deposited at Świbie are cremation burials in large pots as urns, such as grave 486 with an iron belt clasp, dated to the turn of the Ha D1/D2 period, deposited on the northern edge of the necropolis.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Dense Glassy Systems"
1
Cardinaux, Frédéric, Thomas G. Mason i Frank Scheffold. "Elasticity and glassy dynamics of dense emulsions". W 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: Keep Going Tohoku. American Institute of Physics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794571.
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Borrelli, N. F., i D. L. Morse. "Microlens Arrays Produced by a Photolytic Technique". W Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1987.thc1.
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A new process is described whereby excellent quality microlenses can be photolithographically patterned onto a glass. The glass whe exposed to Ultraviolet light followed by a thermal development initiates the formation of noble metal particles which in turn serve as nuclei for the growth of a microcrystalline phase from the homogeneous glass. This thermo-optically developed crystallized region is slightly more dense than the homogeneous glass. The contraction of the exposed region squeezes the soft unexposed glass beyond the original surface during the thermal schedule. When the appropriate photomask is used, opaque circles on a clear background, this effect produces spherical segments due the surface energy minimization. See Figure 1 for schematic of process and Figure 2 for actual SEM photomicrograph of formed lenses.
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Guenther, Karl H., i Ronald Willey. "Front surface metal coatings with protective layers by reactive ion plating deposition". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thcc4.
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Front surface metal mirrors made by vapor deposition of aluminum or silver onto glass substrates are widely used in optical systems. Because of their inherent mechanical and environmental weakness, they need to be protected with hard dense dielectric layers. While much research has been done in the past to optimize these protective coatings, conventionally protected aluminum and silver mirrors are still less than optimal in their environmental durability. This is due to the packing density of less than unity of the protective coatings, which allows water vapor and other adverse agents to penetrate the coatings and attack the metal film. Substantial improvements of protective layers have been reported for ion assisted deposition, which, however, may have remained in the laboratory scale. Low-voltage reactive ion plating deposition of oxides has been shown to produce very dense homogeneous films, which we applied as protective layers for aluminum and silver thin films. The technique is being used in a 32-in. standard high vacuum box coater, which makes it potentially useful for coating of large mirrors of up to 30-in in diameter.
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Ye, Zhou, Junbo Hou, Michael W. Ellis i Bahareh Behkam. "Effect of Anode Surface Roughness on Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells". W ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88643.
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A three-electrode system was used to study the effect of anode surface roughness on the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Two glassy carbon plates were polished to uniform roughness of the orders of magnitude of 10s of nm and 100s of nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to quantify the roughness as well as the 3D topography of the surfaces. Multiple electrochemical methods including potentiostatic tests, potentiodynamic tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized to monitor the performance of the glassy carbon electrodes. After 275 hours of experimentation, the current density generated by the rough electrode was much higher than that generated by the smooth one. Furthermore, the charge-transfer resistance of the rough electrode was lower than that of the smooth one. The better electrochemical performance of the rough surface may be due to denser biofilm grown on the surface, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Mohammad, Sabah M., Z. Hassan, Naser M. Ahmed, Rawnaq A. Talib, Nabeel M. Abd-Alghafour i A. F. Omar. "Hydrothermal growth and characterization of vertically well-aligned and dense ZnO nanorods on glass and silicon using a simple optimizer system". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANO-ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY DEVICES AND MATERIALS 2015 (IC-NET 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4948850.
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Ogata, Koichiro, Sumito Yamashita i Tomoya Hirose. "Flow Characteristics on Fluidized Powder Conveying in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel". W ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-32191.
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This study experimentally examined the dense phase pneumatic conveying in a horizontal rectangular channel using the fluidizing air. The powder used is PVC belong to Geldart A particle, where the mean diameter is 151μm, the particle density is 1382kg/m3 and the minimum fluidizing velocity is 9.0mm/s. As the experimental conditions, the fluidizing velocity at the bottom of a vessel and the horizontal channel has been changed. Also, the mass of transported powder, the supply air pressure and the height of powder bed inside a vessel were measured. In the case of PVC, we confirmed the flow characteristics of the powder conveying and air pressure. Further, we found that the fluidizing air to the bottom of a vessel was required to the powder conveying of this system, and that the fluidizing velocity at the horizontal channel needs to be larger than the minimum fluidizing velocity. These results were also obtained on the previous study when two kinds of glass bead was used. The mass flow rate and solid loading ratio were estimated by the measured data of the mass of transported powder. In addition, these results were compared with the conveying characteristic of two kinds of glass beads belongs to Geldart A and B particle. As a result, the mass flow rate and solid loading ratio of PVC were smaller than that of two kinds of glass beads.
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Ogata, Koichiro, Tomoya Furukawa i Yusuke Yamamoto. "Influence of Fluidizing Velocity on Fluidized Powder Conveying in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel". W ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-12012.
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This study experimentally investigated the high dense pneumatic conveying of glass beads in a horizontal rectangular channel using the fluidizing air. The powder used belongs to Geldart A particle, where the mean diameter is 53 μm, the particle density is 2523kg/m3 and the minimum fluidizing velocity is 4.329mm/s. The fluidized powder conveying system consists of a powder supply hopper, a horizontal rectangular channel at the side of hopper and a receiving tank. The powder was fluidized by air through the porous membrane at the bottom of hopper and horizontal channel. Then, this system could be transported the fluidized powder toward the horizontal direction. In this study, the mass of transported powder, the bed height of powder in a hopper and the supply air pressure were measured when the fluidizing velocities at the bottom of hopper and horizontal channel were changed. The mass of transported powder with the fluidizing air to the bottom of hopper multiplied rapidly when the fluidizing velocity at the bottom of horizontal channel was larger than the minimum fluidizing velocity. Therefore, the fluidizing air at the bottom of hopper and horizontal channel was important to obtain smooth powder conveying on this system. Also, the mass flow rate of powder and the solid loading ratio were estimated from the mass of transported powder against the elapsed time. As the result, the solid loading ratio has taken a one peak when the fluidizing velocity at the bottom of channel was larger than the minimum fluidizing velocity. It was found from the analyzed solid loading ratio that the high dense powder conveying was possible in this system.
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Rouyer, C., E. Mazataud, I. Allais, A. Pierre i S. Seznec. "Generation of 50 TW subpicosecond pulses in a Nd-Glass Chain and focusability study". W International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.mb2.
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There has been recently a great deal of works on the development of ultrabright sources in order to study the interaction of matter with such intense pulses. A very interesting goal is to obtain intensities above 1019 W/cm2 because new effects are expected in this regime such as relativistic electrons, coherent X-Ray short pulses, huge shock pressures in dense and hot plasmas,... Solid state broadband amplifying media coupled to the Chirped Pulse Amplification technique [1] is the most direct way to get intense and ultrashort pulses. Ti-Sapphire, Cr3+:LiCAF, Alexandrite are such good media. Nd-Glass has the potential to amplify pulses only longer than 250 fs but because of the available amplifiers size allows very energetic pulses up to kilojoules. In a first experiment we started from a CW-Mode-Locked-Nd-YAG oscillator coupled to a fiber, injected into a Nd-Glass regenerative amplifier and in a Nd-Glass power chain. The 60 J chirped pulses were then compressed using double pass compressing scheme. 20 TW-24J and 1.2 ps pulses are then delivered [2]. However the intensity contrast in this system is very poor. We have developed a new source based on a double fiber scheme [3] and a Ti:S amplifier allowing to get clean 450 fs pulses. The chirped pulse is sent in a regenerative amplifier able to increase the pulse energy from a few nJ to 1 mJ without gain narrowing for a 8 nm spectral bandwidth [Fig. 1, Fig. 2.]. These pulse is then sent into the Nd-Glass power chain and further compressed.
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Murthy, Bhagavatula Venkata Ramana. "Pressure Drop and Mass Transfer Studies in Liquid Fluidized Beds". W ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13455.
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Fluidized beds are widely used in industries for mixing solid particles with liquids as the solid is vigorously agitated by the liquid passing through the bed and the mixing of the solid ensures that there are practically no temperature gradients in the bed even with exothermic or endothermic reactions (Mixing and the segregation in a liquid fluidized of particles with different sizes and densities", The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1988). The violent motion of the solid particles also gives high heat transfer rates to the wall or to cooling tubes immersed in the bed. Because of the fluidity of the solid particles, it is easy to pass solid from one vessel to another. In the present experimental work, the relative density between solid and liquid phases on pressure drop under fluidized condition has been studied using the solid-liquid systems namely, glass beads-water, glass beads-kerosene, plastic beads-kerosene and diamond sugar-kerosene. Pressure drop - liquid velocity and void fraction - liquid velocity relationships have been found for all the mentioned solid-liquid systems under fluidized condition and results have been noted. The effect of the nature of the fluid on the minimum fluidization velocity and the pressure drop has been studied. In addition to the pressure drop studies, mass transfer studies have also been conducted with diamond sugar-water system with and without fluidization and results have been obtained. In addition to these, comparison of bed voidage, pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity between denser and lighter liquids have been studied and the results have been obtained. Also, the value of rate of mass transfer with fluidization is compared that without fluidization for diamond sugar-water system and the results have been obtained.
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Gong, Ling, Haiwu Yu, Xuan Wu i Xiaojie Wang. "Wet-Adhesion Properties of Microstructured Surface of PDMS Inspired by Newt Foot Pads". W ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3730.
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Newts display superior attachment and climbing abilities under wet conditions due to the distinct pattern of micro- and nanoscale structures (i.e., polygonal epidermal cells with raised boundaries, and dense nanopillar arrays) on their foot pad surfaces. Inspired by the surface features of newt foot pads, a microstructured surface consisting of structural elements of round pillars surrounded by a closed hexagonal ridge is produced on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, and its wet adhesion properties are studied experimentally. A homebuilt adhesion tester is developed to carry out the pull-off experiments, in which the adhesion force of samples can be measured directly. The PDMS sample is fixed on the substrate, and a flat glass cylinder of 10 mm diameter is adopted as indenter. Different amounts of liquid are added to the area of contact by using a micropipette. Influences of preload, retraction speed, area ratio of round pillars, amount of liquid and approach-retraction cycle on wet adhesion of the patterned surface of PDMS samples are investigated. Results show that the pull-off forces of all samples increase with preload and retraction speed. However, the pull-off forces increase slowly when the preload is over 3 N for both dry and wet conditions. The area ratios of round pillars increase the pull-off forces for the dry condition. When a small amount of liquid (0.1 μl) is added, the effect of the area ratios of round pillars on the pull-off force is not consistent with that of dry condition. Effects of amount of liquid on pull-off force for different area ratios of round pillars are various. For a certain amount of liquid, it is observed that the pull-off forces in general show a relatively high value for the first approach-retraction cycle, then decrease to a lower level starting from the second cycle, and suddenly increase and maintain a relatively constant value after several times of approach-retraction cycles. Our results can give insights into the repeated sliding actions of newt foot pads when climbing in wet environments as well as the possible functions of dense nanopillar arrays on newt footpad surface.